.

:
(ab)?=a?2ab+b?
(ab)?=a?3a?b+3ab?b?
a?-b?=(a+b)(a-b)
a?b?=(ab)(a?ab+b?),
(a+b)?=a?+b?+3ab(a+b)
(a-b)?=a?-b?-3ab(a-b)
xn-an=(x-a)(xn-1+axn-2+a?xn-3+...+an-1)
ax?+bx+c=a(x-x1)(x-x2)
x1 x2
ax?+bx+c=0
:
apag = ap+g
ap:ag=a p-g
(ap)g=a pg
ap /bp = (a/b)p
ap bp = abp
a0=1; a1=a
a-p = 1/a
p a =b => bp=a
p ap b = p ab
a ; a ? 0
____
/ __
_
p g a
= pg a
___
__
pk agk = p ag
p ____
/
a
p a
/
=
b
p b
a 1/p = p a
p ag = ag/p

ax?+bx+c=0; (a 0)
x1,2= (-b D)/2a; D=b? -4ac
D>0 x1 x2 ;D=0 x1=x2
D<0, .
:
x1+x2 = -b/a
x1 x2 = c/a
. :
x? + px+q =0
x1+x2 = -p
x1 x2 = q
p=2k (p-.)
x?+2kx+q=0, x1,2 = -k (k?-q)
-

((x2-x1)?-(y2-y1)?)
:
loga x = b => ab = x; a>0,a 0
a loga x = x, logaa =1; loga 1 = 0
loga x = b; x = ab
loga b = 1/(log b a)
logaxy = logax + loga y
loga x/y = loga x - loga y

loga xk =k loga x (x >0)

logak x =1/k loga x
loga x = (logc x)/( logca); c>0,c 1
logbx = (logax)/(logab)

an = a1 +d(n-1)
Sn = ((2a1+d(n-1))/2)n

bn = bn-1
q
b2n = bn-1 bn+1
bn = b1 qn-1
Sn = b1 (1- qn)/(1-q)
S= b1/(1-q)
.
sin x = a/c
cos x = b/c
tg x = a/b=sinx/cos x
ctg x = b/a = cos x/sin x
sin ( - ) = sin
sin ( /2 - ) = cos
cos ( /2 - ) = sin
cos ( + 2 k) = cos
sin ( + 2 k) = sin
tg ( + k) = tg
ctg ( + k) = ctg
sin?
+ cos? =1
ctg
= cos / sin ,
n, n Z
tg
ctg = 1,
( n)/2, n Z
1+tg? = 1/cos? ,
(2n+1)/2
1+ ctg? =1/sin? ,
n
:
sin(x+y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
sin (x-y) = sin x cos y - cos x sin y
cos (x+y) = cos x cos y - sin x sin y
cos (x-y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y
tg(x+y) = (tg x + tg y)/ (1-tg x tg y )
x, y, x + y
/2 + n
tg(x-y) = (tg x - tg y)/ (1+tg x tg y)
x, y, x - y
/2 + n
.
sin 2 = 2sin cos
cos 2 = cos? - sin?
= 2 cos? - 1 =
= 1-2 sin?
tg 2 = (2 tg )/ (1-tg? )
1+ cos = 2 cos? /2
1-cos = 2 sin? /2
tg = (2 tg ( /2))/(1-tg?( /2))
- .
sin? /2 = (1 - cos )/2
cos? /2 = (1 + cos )/2
tg /2 = sin /(1 + cos ) = (1-cos )/sin
+ 2 n, n Z
- .
sin x + sin y = 2 sin ((x+y)/2) cos ((x-y)/2)
sin x - sin y = 2 cos ((x+y)/2) sin ((x-y)/2)
cos x + cos y = 2cos (x+y)/2 cos (x-y)/2
cos x - cos y = -2sin (x+y)/2 sin (x-y)/2
sin (x+y)

tg x + tg y =
cos x cos y
sin (x - y)
tg x - tgy =
cos x cos y
. .
sin x sin y = ?(cos (x-y) - cos (x+y))
cos x cos y = ?(cos (x-y)+ cos (x+y))
sin x cos y = ?(sin (x-y)+ sin (x+y))
. -
sin x = (2 tg x/2)/(1+tg2x/2)
cos x = (1-tg2 2/x)/ (1+ tg? x/2)
sin2x = (2tgx)/(1+tg2x)
sin? = 1/(1+ctg? ) = tg? /(1+tg? )
cos? = 1/(1+tg? ) = ctg? / (1+ctg? )
ctg2 = (ctg? -1)/ 2ctg
sin3 = 3sin -4sin? = 3cos? sin -sin?
cos3 = 4cos? -3 cos =
= cos? -3cos sin?
tg3 = (3tg -tg? )/(1-3tg? )
ctg3 = (ctg? -3ctg )/(3ctg? -1)
sin /2 =
((1-cos )/2)
cos /2 =
((1+cos )/2)
tg /2 =
((1-cos )/(1+cos ))=
sin /(1+cos )=(1-cos )/sin
ctg /2 = ((1+cos )/(1-cos ))=
sin /(1-cos )= (1+cos )/sin
sin(arcsin ) =
cos( arccos ) =
tg ( arctg ) =
ctg ( arcctg ) =
arcsin (sin ) =
;
[- /2 ; /2]
arccos(cos ) =
;
[0 ; ]
arctg (tg ) =
;
[- /2 ; /2]
arcctg (ctg ) = ;
[ 0 ; ]
arcsin(sin )=
1) - 2 k;
[- /2 +2 k; /2+2 k]
2) (2k+1) - ;
[ /2+2 k;3 /2+2 k]
arccos (cos ) =
1) -2 k ;
[2 k;(2k+1) ]
2) 2 k- ;
[(2k-1) ; 2 k]
arctg(tg )= - k
(- /2 + k; /2+ k)
arcctg(ctg ) =
- k
( k; (k+1) )
arcsin = -arcsin (- )= /2-arccos =
= arctg / (1- ?)
arccos = -arccos(- )= /2-arcsin =
= arc ctg / (1- ?)
arctg =-arctg(- ) = /2 -arcctg =
= arcsin / (1+ ?)
arc ctg
= -arc cctg(- ) =
= arc cos / (1- ?)
arctg = arc ctg1/ =
= arcsin / (1+ ?)= arccos1/ (1+ ?)
arcsin + arccos = /2
arcctg + arctg = /2

sin x = m ; |m| ? 1
x = (-1)n arcsin m + k, k Z
sin x =1
sin x = 0
x = /2 + 2 k
x = k
sin x = -1
x = - /2 + 2 k
cos x = m; |m| ? 1
x = arccos m + 2 k
cos x = 1
cos x = 0
x = 2 k
x = /2+ k
cos x = -1
x = + 2 k
tg x = m
x = arctg m + k
ctg x = m
x = arcctg m + k
sin x/2 = 2t/(1+t2); t - tg
cos x/2 = (1-t?)/(1+t?)
.
: af(x)>(<) a()
1) a>1, .
2) a<1, .
: :
logaf(x) >(<) log a (x)
1. a>1, : f(x) >0
(x)>0
f(x)> (x)
2. 0<a<1, : f(x) >0
(x)>0
f(x)< (x)
3. log f(x) (x) = a
: (x) > 0
f(x) >0
f(x ) 1
:
1. :
sin 2x - 3 cos x = 0
2sin x cos x - 3 cos x = 0
cos x(2 sin x - 3) = 0
....
2. ....
3.
sin? x - sin 2x + 3 cos? x =2
sin? x - 2 sin x cos x + 3 cos ? x = 2 sin? x + cos? x
sin x = 0, cos x = 0,
, => cos x
- :
sin
m
2 k+ 1 ?
? 2+ 2 k
2 k+ 2 ? ? ( 1+2 )+ 2 k
:
I cos ( /8+x) < 3/2
k+ 5 /6< /8 +x< 7 /6 + 2 k
2 k+ 17 /24 < x< /24+2 k;;;;
II sin ? 1/2
2 k +5 /6 ? ? 13 /6 + 2 k
cos
(?) m
2 k + 1 < < 2+2 k
2 k+ 2< < ( 1+2 ) + 2 k

cos
- 2/2
2 k+5 /4 ? ? 11 /4 +2 k
tg (?) m
k+ arctg m ? ? arctg m + k
ctg (?) m
k+arcctg m < < + k
:
(xn) = n xn-1
(ax) = ax ln a
(lg ax )= 1/(x ln a)
(sin x) = cos x
(cos x) = -sin x
(tg x) = 1/cos? x
(ctg x) = - 1/sin?x
(arcsin x) = 1/ (1-x?)
(arccos x) = - 1/ (1-x?)
(arctg x) = 1/ (1+x?)
(arcctg x) = - 1/ (1+x?)
-:
(u v) = u v + u v
(u/v) = (uv - uv)/ v?
.
y = f(x0)+ f (x0)(x-x0)
x
1.
2. k =
= x
3. X0, f(x0), f (x0),
:
xn dx = xn+1/(n+1) + c
ax dx = ax/ln a + c
ex dx = ex + c
cos x dx = sin x + cos
sin x dx = - cos x + c
1/x dx = ln|x| + c
1/cos? x = tg x + c
1/sin? x = - ctg x + c
1/ (1-x?) dx = arcsin x
1/ (1-x?) dx = - arccos
1/1+ x? dx = arctg x +
1/1+ x? dx = - arcctg x

+c
x +c
c
+ c

+
+
=180

a? = b?+c? - 2bc cos
b? = a?+c? - 2ac cos
c? = a? + b? - 2ab cos
. .
. .
- .
.
.
:

p=?(a+b+c)
_____________
S = p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)
S = ?ab sin
S.=(a? 3)/4
S = bh/2
S=abc/4R
S=pr
.
S = (a+b)/2

S= R?
S=( R? )/360

V=S

V=abc

V =1/3S. H
S.= S.+ S.
:
H .
_____
V = 3
(S1+S2+ S1S2)
S1 S2 .
S.=S.+S1+S2

V=1/3 R?H
S. = Rl
S.= R(R+1)

S.= l(R1+R2)
V=1/3 H(R12+R1R2+R22)

V=S. H
: S.=P. H
S.=S+2S.
:
S.=P a
V = S a, -. .
P
S . .
.
V= R?H ; S.= 2 RH
S.=2 R(H+R)
S.= 2 RH
.
V = 4/3 R? -
S = 4 R? -

V = 2/3 R?H
H - .

V= H?(R-H/3)
S=2 RH

30

45

60

90

120

135
2 /3
sin
- ?
cos
- ?
tg
- 3
ctg
-1/ 3

180
- /3
3 /6
- 3/2

- /4

- /6

/6

/4

/3

- 2/2

- ?

2/2

3/2

3/2

2/2

- 3/2
- 3

1/ 3

-1

-1
-1
0

1/ 3

-1

--

- /2
3 /4
-1
0
- 2/2

-1/ 3

---

n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256

3
9
27
81
243
729
2181
6561

4
16
64
256
1024
4096

5
25
125
625
3125
15625

6
36
216
1296
7776
46656

7
49
343
2401
16807

8
64
512
4096
32768

sin
cos
tg
ctg

-sin
cos
-tg
-ctg

sin
-cos
-tg
-ctg

+
-sin
-cos
tg
ctg

/2cos
sin
ctg
tg

/2+
cos
-sin
-ctg
-tg

3 /2 -cos
-sin
ctg
tg

-cos
sin
-ctg
-tg

9
81
729
6561
59049

3 /2+

/2