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2009

INSTIUTE
URAINE'S

ARCHAEOLOGY

NATIONALACADEMY SCIENCES

DONETSK NA IONAL UNIVERSIY

PROCEEDINGS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

EUROPEAN STEPPES IN
MIDDLE AGES
l

hazaran tmes

Book of Collected W orks

J

')

DONETSK 2009

 European Steppes the Middle Ages. Vol.7. Khazarian times. Book ofCoUected Works/
Ed.-in-Chief A.V.Yevglevsky; Institute Archaeology ofUkraine's National Academy ofSciences;
Donetsk National University. - Vol.7. - Donetsk: Donetsk National University, 2009. - 608 .
(Proceedings Archaeology).

periodical edition of scholarly publications in archaeology of European steppes in the Middle Ages.
The book is intended for specialists in archaeology, ethnology, history, anthropology, numismatics, and
locallore, for students ofhistory and those interested in ancient history.

Recommended for publication the Academic Council of Donetsk National University

Approved the Academic Council ofthe Institute of Archaeology ofUkraine's National Academy of Sciences

Editor-in-chief: A.V.Yevglevsky (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)

Editorial Board:
Academician ofUkraine's National Academy of Sciences P.P.Tolochko
(iev, Institute of Archaeology)
Associate Member ofUkraine's National Academy of Sciences A.P.Motsya
(iev, Institute of Archaeology)
Doctor ofHistory P.V.Dobrov (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)
Doctor ofistory V.N.Nikolsky (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)
Doctor ofHistory A.V.rapivin (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)
Doctor ofHistory N.V.Primush (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)
Doctor ofHistory A.V.Bredikhin (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)
Executive secretary, Senior Researcher T.M.Potyomkina (Donetsk, Donetsk National University)

This edition is prepared the archaeological research group of the Department of History of Ukraine at
the Faculty ofHistory, Donetsk National University within the framework ofthe University Research Program
09-1/3 (under the guidance ofProfessor P.V.Dobrov, Doctor ofHistory, Academician ofUkraine's Academy
ofHistory, Honoured Worker ofEducation ofUkraine)

The series was launched in 2000

Donetsk National University, 2009

Author ofproject A.V.Yevglevsky, 2009

Aksionov V.S., Andreiev S.I., Bir6 ., Davydenko V.V., Fliorov V.S., Grib .., rissimov N.,
horuzhaia .., Koloda .., Komar .., rasilnikov .., rupa T.N., ryukov V.G., Lang6 .,
Lebedev .., Lvova Z.A., Mikheiev .., Orfinskaia .., Pachkalov .., Pelevina ., Popov ..,
Somogyi ., Svistun G. ., Tokarenko S.F., Totev ., Tiirk ., Yatsenko S.A., Zilivinskaia ..,
Zorin .., 2009
Translation: D.V.Pilipenko, T.Ya.Volkova, 2009
Cover photo: hamess decoration from Pecheneg ril ofthe 2nd half ofthe 10 century (Maksima
Gorkogo vil1age, herson province), A.I.Kubyshev's excavation, 2009

., ., .

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, ' : L.Kassai (http://

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, nml .

Ikervar- Virag utca, n.7 (ss G., 2000, 26.

);

5-

., u , :

- () ; - () (Bir6 ., , l 5, 6).

Fig. 1. 1 - reconstruction / n O/d Hungarian bow .Sstyn (Sebestyen ., 1932, 4. kep); 2, 3 -

reconstruction / n Old Hungarian bow D.Fabian (Trogmayer ., 1962, .18, . IV; Fabian D., 1984,2.
, 1. abra); 4 - sets / horn plates / bows /ound n the buria/s out / correspondence with the basic structure
/ real or nl. Ikervar-Virag utca, 7. sir (iss G., 2000, 26. kep); 5 - /requency o/using mutual
combinations /difJerent horn overlays / bows /ound n undamaged buriaIs: - n end (lateral) ; -
central (lateral) plate (ir6 ., n print, diagrams 5, 6)

423

2.

- , -, -

(Szentes,

Dkgyz-ldl, D-

tlibla),
1-

( .):

6dmzvlStrhl-Szklhdt,

Bakay-tanya, n.19; 2 - Rakamaz-Strazsadomb, n.3; 3 - Szentes-rsjOld, n.15;

4 - Szentes, Derekegyhcizi-oldal, D-3 l,, n. 6; 5 - Ujkigy6s, Skoperda-tanya, n.3 (Medgyesi , 2002, 8, 9.
kip); 6 - Vors, jr-dii/, n.357 (Olt L., Horvath , 2004, 3, 4. abra).
Fig. 2. - Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D- tlibla, the layout ofburial ground; - central rear frontal
overlays in the Carpathian Basin (10th . ): 1 - 6dmzvsrhl-Szkcilhdt, Bakay-tanya, burial 19; 2 Rakamaz-Strcizsadomb, burial3; 3 - Szentes-rcisjQld, burial15; 4 - Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D-3 l,'
burial6; 5 - Ujkigy6s, Skoperda-tanya, burial3 (Medgyesi , 2002, 8, 9. kip); 6 - Vors, jr-di1l, burial
357 ( L., Horvath , 2004, 3, 4. abra)

424

/'

. 3. , -, -3, .6 (Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D-3

Fig. 3. Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D-3 l,' buria16

l,'

6. sir).

---- - ....

,..-

......

,\

_ _ _ ..1. ....
\

-.. ~

,_::.=.:-..:'/':

. 4. , -, -, . (Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D- tabla, . sir):

.

Fig. 4. Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D- tabla, uril : grave goods furl

5. , -, -,

.6

(Szentes, Derekegyhazi-oldal, D-

l,'

m m m .

Fig. 5. Szentes, Derekegyhazi-ldL

D-
a

burja] 6: 1-4 -

427

centraZ rear frontaZ overZay

6. sir): 1-4

...

"t

. 6. ( .): 1 - U;kigyos,
Skoperda-tanya, n.3 (Medgyesi ., 2002, 8, 9. kep); 2 - Szentes-Borbasjold, n.15; 3 - Vors, jr-du/, n.57
(6t L., Horvath ., 2004, 3, 4. abra, 5, 8. ); 4 -Odmzvasrhl-Szkalhat, l-tn, n.19; 5Rakamaz-Strazsadomb, n.3.
Fig. 6. Central rear frontal overlays n the Carpathian Basin (10th .): 1- Ujkigyos, Skoperda-tanya, burial
3 (Medgyesi . , 2002, 8, 9. kip); 2 - Szentes-Borbasjold, burial15; 3 - Vors, jr-dl, burial 357 (lt L.,
Horvath , 2004, 3, 4. abra, 5, 8. kep); 4 -dmzvsrhl-Szklhat, Bakay-tanya, burial19; 5 - RakamazStrazsadomb, burial 3

428

\\1
~

-- -

11

12

. 7. (-
.): 1 - Kunagota, n.3; 2, 5 - Karos-Eperjessz6g , n.; 3 - Sarretudvari-Hizoj6ld, n.264; 4, 7 - SarretudvariPoroshalo, n.1; - Sarretudvari-Hizoj61d, n.10; 8, 11- dmzvilshl-Ngyszgt, n.3; 9, 13-

Biharkeresztes-Bethlen Gabor utca 25, n.2; 10 - Mohacs-Teglagyar, n.5; 12 - Szarvas, Velki-halo, n.5; 14 Hajduszoboszlo-Arkoshalo, n.248.

Fig. 7. Main groups ffnl classification ofbow overlays the Carpathian Basin (I' l'h .):
1 - Kunagota, l 3; 2, 5 - Karos-Eperjessz6g , burial ; 3 - Sarretudvari-Hizoj61d, burial 264; 4,
7 - Sarretudvari-Poroshalo, burial 1; - Sarretudvari-Hizoj61d, buria11 ; 8, 11 - Odmzvilshl
Nagysziget, burial 3; 9, 13 - Biharkeresztes-Bethlen Gabor utca 25, buria12; 10- Mohacs- Teglagyar, burial 5;
12 - Szarvas, Velki-halo, burial5; 14 - Hajduszobosz/o-Arkoshalo, burial248

429

..

90

83.

\.

8. 1 -
e le ( .,
1998, . .294); 2 - u
x
( ., ., 1997, .42, .3); -
paHHecpeHeeKo ( , 1998, . 1).
Fig. 8. 1 - Eastern European early medieval l compound bows (CauH ., ., 1998,
Fig. .294); 2 - technologicalline / development / Eastern European early medieval l compound
bows ( ., ., 1997, .42, . ); - technologicalline / development / Eastern
European early medieval l compound bows ( , 1998, . 1)
.,

430

..6
10
.

9.

: 1- m-w, .2; 2 - ml' .110; 3 - HajditszoboszI6-Arkoshalom,

n. 145; 4 - HajditszoboszI6-Arkosha/om, n.248; 5 - Gyulfhrvr-ntllms ( , l),'
6-SndrJlv-rjs, n.114; 7-0. ; 8 - .mm; 9-.; 10 - Sarretudvarin.214.
Fig. 9. Similar structural elements of end lateral plates ofbows from Eastem Europe and the Carpathian
Basin: 1 - Ust-Kamenka, barrow 2; 2 - Shestovitsy, barrow 11 ; 3 - HajditszoboszI6-Arkosha/om, burial
145; 4 - HajditszoboszI6-Arkosha/om, burial248; 5 - Gy/fhrvr-ntllmcis (l Julia, Romania),
burial J98213; 6 - Sandorfalva-Eperjes, burial 11 4; 7 - Solianina lake; 8 - Stretovka village; 9 - Voin; 1 0 Sarretudvari-z6jOld, buria/214

n.198213;

iz6jOld,

431

10.1-4 - Szarvas, Velki ha/om, n.5; 5, 6- Vors,

j-d/,

n.385

( L.,

Horvath

. ,

2004, 3.

kep).

Fig. 10. 1-4 - Szarvas, Ve/ki ha/om, burial 5; 5, 6- Vors,

2004, 3. kep)

432

aj-diil,

burial 385

(61t L.,

Horvath .,

'1,

',1,

':
:

""

:)/
': 11

.: .~
~)

.,..

.,;1

;.

f~

"

.0

:'

:!,

'

:.

'~'

11'

,.,
"

:; ~
, ', >

. 11.1- Ikervar-Virag utca, n. 7 (iss G., 2000, 10. tabla); 2 - Studv-z6jOld, n.80 (Nepper 1.,
2002,246. ); 3 - Lipova Ondrochov ( , :u), n.4 (lV) (ToCik, ., 1968, /);
4 - Glfhrv-mntllms ( , lu)) (Ciugudean , 2006; liijan , 2006, c.ll1); 5-7H6dmezovasarhely-Nagysziget, n.63 (Nagy , Revesz L., 1986,5. kep).
Fig. 11. 1 - Ikervar- Virag , / 7 (iss G., 2000, 10. tabla) 2 - Studv-iz6jO/d, l
80 (Nepper 1.,2002, 246. ) 3 -Lipova Ondrochov (Slovakia), l4 (lV) (ToCik, ., 1968, /)
4 - Glfhrv-mntaIlms (1 Julia, Romania) (Ciugudean , 2006; liijan , 2006, p.111); 5-7 H6dmezovasarhely-Nagysziget, l63 (Nagy , Revesz L., 1986, 5. kep)

433

",\

",\

~I~

,~~
~

-:~

"\\\\
\

10

'\
7

12

11.

434

G
-~

"

13

( ..,

1990, . 35. 11); 2 - , p

1996, . 89-91); 3 -u, 6 (
.., 2007, .2); 4 - (-), .27 ( ., ., 1999, . 52.); 5 - . .2,
n.l. ( .., ., 1999, .2, 5); 6 - 1-1I, ., n.l ( ., .., 2007,
.6); 7 -, .2 ( .., 2005. . 7, 1-5); 8,9 - - , ., 60 (
.., 1990, . 16, 25); 10 - - , n. m 18 ( .., 2001, . 16); 11-
- ( .., 2001, . 8, 9); 12 - , .2 ( .., 1966, .3); 13 nl 1I, .l ( . ., 1986, . 62).
Fig. 12. l-Altai ( .., 1990, . 35, 11); 2 -Jetyasar culture, Altynasar 4, barrow 190
( ., 1996, .89-91); 3 - Zhirnokleyevskii, horse burial from barrow 6 ( .., 2007,
.2); 4 -Kerchik (Gt-), barrow 27 ( ., ., 1999, . 52); 5 - Oboznoie, barrow 2,
buriall ( .., ., 1999. .2, 5); 6 - Talovyi-lI, barrow 3, buriall ( .,
.., 2007, . 6); 7 - Dubovyi, barrow 2 ( .., 2005, . 7, 1-5); 8, 9 - Sarkel- l Vezha,
barrow 3, burial60 ( .., 1990, . 16, 25); 10- Sarkel- l VezhaJrom the burial n mound 18
( .., 2001, . 16); 11 - Sarkel- l Vezha ( .., 2001, .8, 9); 12 - Staroie Musino,
barrow 2 ( .., 1966, . 3); 13 - Kapchaly 1I, barrow 1 ( .., 1986, . 62)
12.1 -

4, .190 ( ..

e

.., ..,

2006.

- ./ . .5. ; .
.., ..,

2001.

- .:

ll
. .2. . .

.., ..,

1992.

. / .

N!! 3.

.., - ./
.

N!! 1.

..,

1977.

' . .

.., .., .., ..,

2006.

ll . .5. .. .
.., ..,

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2001. Q . .
2007.

I11 . . .2. ;
.

..,

1998.

- ./ '..
( ). .
. .,

1962.

N!! 66.5.4.

., 2004. 8'' ' (- ). .

.,

1981.

- : , , . .... .

. . .

.., ..,
..,

2003.

1999.

Vita Antiqua. N!! 2.

ll ,

100- .

. .. .
..,

2004.

"-" /

. . . .
.., 2005. l1
. .4. . .

435

 .., 2005. //
. .

..,

2007.

" " - //

. . .2. ; .
..,

1996.

. .

.., ..,

2003.

, - :

. - . .

..,

1981. - . .
1959. // . !! 65.
.., 1966. ( , ) - .// . .I-36.
., .., 1976. // . !! XLI.
.., 1982. // . !! .
.., 1990. - - . .
.., 196. - // . !! 109.
.., 1990. (
- ). .
.., 1929. - , 1928
..,

// - .. .

..,

1959.

//

. .
.., ..,

1992.

. (

..)// . " 90-

". .
.., ..,

1997.

, - //

. .

.., ..,

1998.

//

. . .
.., ..,

1999. , 27//

. .4. .
.., . .,

2007.

//

1-2. .
1996. -. .
.., 2001. 0- - : .
- . .
.., 1986. .
..,

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Summary
A.Bir6, P.Lang6, A.Ttirk (Budapest, Hungary)
10_11

CENTURIES ANTLER OVERLAYS OF BOW FROM CARPATIAN BASIN

he authors have carried out the functional detemination and specification of antler overlays found
buria16 dg the authentic excavations ofthe 10' . cemetery located at Szentes, Derekegyhazi-olda1. An
overlay that fomed back of bow-grip is extremely rare the material cu1ture of the Carpathian Basin of
the 1'-ll th . Moreover, l five overlays similar to those found at the Szentes cemetery are knOWII now.
Therefore, identification oftheir t chronologica1 position the mentioned period is impossible.
the second part of the paper the authors determined the Eastem parallels of the bow-grip
over1ays ofthe Carpathian Basin collect, stating that similar bow-grip overlays were common to the east ofthe
Carpathian Basin the who1e s region the 8 -ll ' . t [omal counterparts of the bow-grip
overlays of the Carpathian basin of the 1-ll ' . within Eastem and the 10' . are to found the
material ult ofSarkel (1 Vezha) and the surrounding regions, although they are known the areas
to the east of the Vo1ga river, for l Altai region.

439

Accordingly, the authors have made review of the Eastem European connections of other bow-plates
and bow-overlays of the 1Oth_ll ' . from the Carpathian Basin. It has n determined that accurate formal
counterparts ofbow-end plates and bow-end overlays f the Carpathian Basin appear nl sporadically and
are very rare n Eastem Europe. n contrast to this, formal parallels ofbow-grip plates ofthe Carpathian Basin
th
appear more widely and n larger numbers n the material culture of Eastem Europe n the 9 _I ' .

2009