Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2006
539.3 (075.8)
38.112
47
. . ( )
, . .
47
: -.
/ . . . :
, 2006. 57 .
ISBN 985-468-075-4
. .
.
. .
539.3 (075.8)
38.112
ISBN 985-468-075-4
. ., 2006
. , 2006
1
1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.9 . . . . . 31
2
2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
1.1
,
, ( 1.1, ).
:
, , . .
. . ,
,
( 1.1, , ).
)
q
.
,
)
q
.
q
q q q q q q
2
2
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
)
2
2
.
,
, .
1.1
, , .
(, )
4
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, . .
, , . .
.
- .
,
, . - .
, , , . , , . .
.
( 1.2) . , ,
.
. , ,
() () .
, , ,
, .
.
1.2
, ,
,
, .
5
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, 1/ 8 ... 1/ 10.
1.2
.
.
, .
, , , .
.
:
( 1.3, );
, ( 1.3, ), ;
( 1.3, ),
;
- ( 1.3, ) .
)
1.3
6
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
( 1.4):
;
;
;
().
, .
- , , . , .
()
1.4
.
( 1.5) :
,
;
,
.
;
. .
, .
7
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
1.5
, .
( 1.6) :
.
( ) ;
;
.
.
,
.
,
.
1.6
8
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
.
.
() - .
( 1.7) , -
( ), -, , .
V
-
1.7
.
( 1.8). , ,
, , , .
H
V
V
1.8
, ,
. , ,
1.9, , , 1.9, .
9
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
)
V
V
H
1.9
,
( 1.10).
1.10
.
,
.
1.3
, , ,
. , . W , .
:
) W
;
)
.
. . , ,
10
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
( 1.11, ). , , .
.
:
) ,
( 1.11, );
)
( 1.11, ).
1.11
:
) , ( 1.11, );
) ( ),
;
) (
; ).
W
W = 2 ,
;
, .
11
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, :
W = 3 2 ,
;
;
.
- , , ,
.
W > 0,
().
W 0.
W = 0
. W < 0
.
( ),
:
= 2 3,
.
- , ,
.
. , , .
.
(. . 11), .
, , 1.12, , .
= 14, = 25. 2 3 =
= 2 14 3 = 25.
12
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
13
14
13
14
11
12
12
7
10
11
10
13
11
14
12
13
14
12
1.12
. 1, 2, , 11 ( 1.12, , )
, 121314 ( 1.12, ). , .
1.4
. ,
. , .
, , ,
.
. ,
, .
.
, .
( )
-
x, y:
Mk
k
= 0,
Xk
k
= 0,
Yk
= 0.
,
. .
- .
13
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
1) 2) .
,
[2, 6]. , .
. . ( ) .
. , .
:
1) ;
2) , ;
3) , . ;
4)
;
5) ,
. .
6) , . .
.
.
.
,
,
.
1)
(Maxwell James Clerk) (18311879), , , . .
2)
(Cremona Luigi) (18301903), . 1872 . , , .
14
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
. ,
. .
, 1.13, .
F
F
F
F
)
0
V0 =3,5F
) y
F
V8=3,5F
l=4d
)
N0-1
N0-2
1
x
N1-0
N1-3
x
180-2
V0 =3,5F
N1-2
1.13
,
:
V0 = V8 = 3,5 F.
0 ( 1.13, ).
,
, , . N
,
. , 01 N01.
0.
Y = N0 1 sin() + V0 = 0
X = N0 1 cos() + N0 2 = 0 ,
N01 =
V0
3,5F
,
=
sin()
sin()
15
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
N10 sin() + F
2,5F
,
=
sin()
sin()
3,5F
= N10 cos() N12 cos() =
cos()
sin()
2,5F
cos() = 6Fctg() .
sin()
< 0, , 12 , 13 .
N12 =
N13
2, 3 . .
7.
8.
,
,
.
, . . ,
. 1).
:
1) ;
2) , ;
3) , ;
4) , .
1)
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
h = 0,75 d
, ,
;
5) .
( 1.14, ).
)
F
F
I
II
1
II
VB = F
VA = F
y
N1-2
)
2
h = 0,75 d
N6-2
A
N6-7
I
VA = F
N4-3
II
N8-3
8
N8-7
II
1.14
VB = F
,
:
VA = VB = F.
12.
II (. 1.14, ). 62
67. , ( 1.14, ). , . .
. VA
N12, N62 N67.
62 y, . .
12 67 :
Y = N6 2 + VA = 0 ,
17
N62 = VA = F .
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, , 62 .
, . N12 6.
N62 N67 , :
M6 = N1 2h VA (d + 0,5d ) = 0 ,
N1 2 =
VA 1,5d
1,5d
=
F = 2F .
h
0,75d
, , 12 .
N67 ,
2, 12 62:
M2 = N6 7h VA (d + 0,5d ) = 0 ,
N6 7 =
VA 1,5d
1,5d
=
F = 2F .
h
0,75d
, , 67 .
IIII.
43, 87 83. ( 1.14, ):
V
Y = N8 3 sin + VA = 0 , N8 3 = sinA = sinF ;
M3 = N8 7 h + VA (d + 0,5d ) = 0 ,
N8 7 =
VA 1,5d
1,5d
=
F = 2F ;
h
0,75d
M8 = N4 3h + VA 0,5d = 0 ,
N4 3 =
VA 0,5d
0,5d
=
F =2F.
0,75d
3
h
, 43 83 , 87 . .
. ,
. , ,
. 1.15 -,
, .
18
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
N1-3
I
1
I 3
N2-3
A
2 I 4
N2-4
1.15
AB,
, A.
1.5
:
. ,
, .
( 1.16).
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
K
N
N
VA
P
P
B
VA
P
K
MK
QK
1.16
N.
K,
Nh = V 2d P 2d Pd ;
MK = V 2d P 2d Pd .
19
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, ,
: Nh = MK .
N = MK / h ,
. . . , . h
, .
h d.
45.
,
, . , (. 1.5)
(. 1.6) .
, ,
, , .
( 1.17).
1.17
N (.
1.16). ,
N sin = V 3P ;
Q = V 3P .
, ,
: N sin = Q .
N = Q / sin ,
20
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
. . .
Q > 0. , , . . , , . . .
1.6
, ,
,
. , ,
. , , . ,
, ,
, .
. ,
, . . ,
. ,
, .
, ,
, .
. (. .) , - P = 1 .
.
, l ( 1.18, ). VA, VB
MC .
= 1 z . . :
B
M B = 0,
VA l (l z) = 0;
21
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
M A = 0, V l + z = 0,
z
lz
; VB = .
l
l
VA VB
( 1.18, , ).
.
y
)
P= 1
z
z
VA =
VA
)
0,5l
VB
0,5l
1
. . VA
1
)
. . VB
)
. . MC
0,25l
1.18
, VA
.
MC ,
.
( 1.1).
( 1.18, ) ,
( z = 0,5l , MC = 0,25l ).
.
, -
,
.
22
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
1.1
= 1 . (z l/2)
= 1 . (z l/2)
= 0; + VB 0,5l = 0;
= 0; M V 0,5l = 0;
M = VB 0,5l = 0,5z
( )
M = V 0,5l = 0,5 (l z)
( )
M z = 0 = 0 ; M z = 0,5l = 0,25l
M z = 0,5l = 0,25l , M z =l = 0
[5].
.
,
( 1.19).
1.19
, , .
,
( , ).
.
, ,
. , , , .
23
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
: . ,
. ,
. .
:
1) ;
2) ,
;
3) Y = 0 = 0
, = 1 , ,
.
;
4)
, , .
:
1) ,
;
2) Y = 0 = 0, = 1
,
. ,
z ;
3)
, , .
12, 34 32 , 1.20, .
. ,
, . 1.20,
VA VB.
II ( 1.21).
12 3, .
34 ,
2.
B
24
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
y, 32.
,
. 1.2.
()
P=1
I
1
A
3
VA
VB
1
. . VA
1
. . V
2,5 d
1,5 d
. . N3-4
) . . N
3-2
1
sin
1
sin
) . . N
1-2
d
h
3d
1.20
y
1
N1-2
N3-2
N1-2
N3-2
A
3
VA
d/2
N3-4
N3-4
1.21
25
VB
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, ,
, . . ,
.
1.2
= 1 II
M2
= 1 II
= 0 ; VB 2,5d N34h = 0 ;
2,5d
VB
h
( )
N3 4 =
Y = 0 ;
VB N23 sin = 0 ;
1 V
B
sin
( )
VA + N23 sin = 0 ;
1 V
A
sin
( )
N2-3 =
M3 = 0 ;
N34h VA 1,5d = 0 ;
1,5d
VA
h
( )
N34 =
Y = 0 ;
M2 = 0 ;
N2-3 =
M3 = 0 ;
VB 3d + N12h = 0 ;
N12 = 3d VB
h
( )
VA d N12h = 0 ;
N12 = d VA
h
( )
, . . , 1.2,
1,5d/h VA ( 1.20, ). 2,5d/h N34.
1 2 . ,
N34 3 : 1
, 2 , 12 .
N32 N12 ( 1.20, , ).
P = 1 ( 1.22, ).
, 1.20, , . . ,
.
3, 4.
. 1.22, , , .
26
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
I
1
()
P=1
A
3
VA
VB
1
. . VA
1
. . V
2,5 d
1,5 d
. . N3-4
) . . N
3-2
1
sin
1
sin
) . . N
1-2
d
h
3d
1.22
1.7
.
.
.
N = Py ,
y .
, y , . , ,
.
( 1.23), 27
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
yi Pi (. 1.23),
.
, , , .
P1
P2
P3
Pn
. . N
y1
yn
y2
y3
1.23
.
L
q.
, , , , , , .
N = q ,
, q.
, q
dz ( 1.24). , , dF = q dz, ,
, dN = dF y(z)= q dz y(z).
, dN :
N = dN = qy(z)dz = q y(z)dz = q .
L
28
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
dz
dF=qdz
. . N
y(z)
1.24
, ,
. .
.
1.8
, ,
.
.
,
.
, , .
, .
, . 45
, . , .
. ,
,
.
. ,
. , .
29
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, ,
.
. , . ,
, ( 1.25).
( )
( )
1.25
, ( 1.26), :
1 , .
. . 1.26, .
2 , (
1.26, ).
, .
3 ,
( 1.26, ). , .
. ,
.
. , , , ( ) .
(. 1.26), 4, 3, 7 F. F 4 1 3. F 7 3 6 . , 1 6
0,5F, 3 0,5F + 0,5F + F = 2F ( 1.26, ).
30
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
, , , ( 1.26, ).
( ) .
1015% (
).
,
.
)
5
2
.
1
4 3 7 6
F
F
;
F
)
;
,
0,5F
2F 0,5F
,
2
5
- )
,
4
7
3
1
3
6
F
F
1.26
.
1.9
,
.
, , [5].
:
1) ( ),
,
;
31
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
2)
;
3)
.
.
,
.
( 1.27, ).
, , 34',
( 1.27, ).
I II. 34 3'4' , I II. = 1 (
3 4').
, .
N34'.
34 ( 1.27, ) = 1
3 4. I II 4', .
N34 .
N5'6'.
5' 6' I II ( 1.27, ), 5
, N5'6'.
22' = 1 2 2' ( 1.27, ).
12 23 , 2 . ()
N22'.
, , , .
,
.
, .
32
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
P=1
5'
6'
7'
1'
3'
2'
4'
4
=1
4'
3'
. . N3-4'
4
=1
3'
. . N3-4
4'
=1
5'
6'
. . N5'-6'
1
3
2
=1
2'
. . N2-2'
1.27
33
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
2.1
1. ( 2.1)
, F1 = 300 , F2 = 200 .
,
.
. 0 7, :
Mk 0
= 0,
F1d F1 2d F2 3d + V7 4d = 0 ,
V7 =
1
(3F1 + 3F2 ) = 1 (3 300 + 3 200) = 1 1500 = 375 ;
4
4
4
Mk7
V0 4d + F1 3d + F1 2d + F2d = 0 ,
= 0,
V0 =
1
(5F1 + F2 ) = 1 (5 300 + 200) = 1 1700 = 425 .
4
4
4
2
F2
F1
0
V0
F1
7
V7
l=4d
2.1
, ,
. :
Yk
34
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
, , .
:
d
tg( ) = = 1 ,
d
= 45.
sin( ) = sin(45) = 0,707 ,
cos( ) = cos(45) = 0,707 .
0. (
2.2, ). :
Yk
= 0,
N0 2 sin( ) + V0 = 0 ,
V0
425
=
= 601 ;
sin( )
0,707
N0 3 =
Xk
= 0,
N0 1 + N0 2 cos( ) = 0 ,
Yk
= 0,
N12 = 0 ;
Xk
= 0,
N1 3 N1 0 = 0 ,
N1 3 = N1 0 = 425 .
13 . 12 , ,
.
2 ( 2.2, ).
:
Yk
k
= 0,
N2 0 sin( ) N2 1 F1
=
sin( )
( 601 0,707) 0 300
=
= 177 ;
0,707
N2 3 =
35
. .
Xk
N2 4 + N2 3 cos( ) N2 0 cos( ) = 0 ,
= 0,
http://mechanika.org.ru
N2 4 = N2 3 cos( ) + N2 0 cos( ) =
= 177 0,707 601 0,707= 425 .
23 24 , ,
.
y
a)
N1-2
NA-2
A
VA
y
)
N1-3
N1-A
NA-1 x
)
F1 2
1
y
N2-4
N3-4
N3-2
x
N2-A
N3-1
N2-3
N3-5
N4-2
N4-6
N6-4
y
F1
F1
N5-4
N5-6
N5-3
N4-5
N4-3
N2-1
N5-B
NB-6
5
y
6
x
NB-5
N6-B
B
x
N6-5
VB
2.2
36
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
3 ( 2.2, ).
:
Yk
N3 4 + N32 sin( ) F1 = 0 ,
= 0,
Xk
= 0,
Yk
= 0,
N4 5 =
Xk
= 0,
N4 3
175
=
= 247 ;
sin( )
0,707
N46 N42 + N45 cos( ) = 0 ,
Yk
= 0,
N5 6 + N5 4 sin( ) = 0 ,
Xk
= 0,
N5 7 N5 3 N5 4 cos( ) = 0 ,
Yk
= 0,
N6 5 N6 7 sin( ) F2 = 0 ,
37
. .
N6 7 =
http://mechanika.org.ru
N6 5 F2
175 200
=
= 530 .
sin( )
0,707
Xk
= 0,
N6 4 + N6 7 cos( ) = 0 ,
N6 7 =
N6 4
375
=
= 530 .
cos( ) 0,707
67 , . . N6 7 < 0 .
7 ( 2.2, ). , , , :
Yk
Xk
, , .
( 2.3).
550
375
601
530
175
175
274
177
425
425
550
375
2.3
2. , ( 2.4), , F= 450 .
:
38
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
3
= 0,866 ,
2
sin( ) = sin(60) =
3
= 0,577 .
3
HA,
HB, VB.
ctg() = ctg(60) =
MkA
Fd + Fd + F 2d + F 3d HBd tg( ) = 0 ,
= 0,
HB = 9F ctg( ) = 9 450
MkB
3
= 2339 ;
3
Fd + Fd + F 2d + F 3d H Ad tg( ) = 0 ,
= 0,
H A = 9F ctg( ) = 9 450
Yk
= 0,
3
= 2339 ;
3
VB F F F F F = 0 ,
VB = 5F = 5 450 = 2250 .
HA
HB
B
5
VB
l=3d
2.4
1 ( 2.5, ). , ,
Yk
= 0,
N13 sin( ) F = 0 ,
39
. .
N13 =
Xk
http://mechanika.org.ru
450
F
=
= 520 ;
sin( ) 0,866
N12 N13 cos( ) = 0 ,
= 0,
N1-3
N1-2
1
N3-4
N2-1
N2-5
x
F
)
N2-3
N4-A
F
4
N4-3
x
N3-1
N3-5
N3-2
)
N4-5
N5-4
N5-A
N5-3
N5-2
N5-B
5
y
x
F
NB-A
HA
NA-4
x
HB
NB-5
x
VB
2.5
40
NA-B
NA-5
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
13 , 12 . ( 2.6).
2 ( 2.5, ).
:
Yk
= 0,
N23 F = 0 ,
N23 = F = 450 ;
Xk
= 0,
N21 N25 = 0 ,
23 , 25 .
3 ( 2.5, ).
:
Yk
= 0,
N35 =
=
Xk
= 0,
Yk
= 0,
N4 5 F = 0 ,
Xk
= 0,
N45 = F = 450 ;
45 , 4A .
5 ( 2.5, ).
, , :
Yk
k
= 0,
N5 A sin( ) + N5 4 + N5 3 sin( ) F = 0 ,
N5 A =
N5 3 sin( ) N5 4 + F
=
sin( )
41
. .
Xk
http://mechanika.org.ru
= 0,
N5 2 N5 B + N5 3 cos( ) N5 A cos( ) = 0 ,
N5 B = N5 2 + N5 3 cos( ) N5 A cos( ) =
Yk
= 0,
N A B + VB = 0 ,
N A B = VB = 2250 .
, ,
. . :
Xk
= 0,
NB 5 + HB = 0 ,
1040
NB 5 = HB = 2339 .
1040
2250
450
2598
1559
520
450
260
260
2339
2.6
NB 5 , 5 B, , , B 5 .
42
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
,
.
B ( 2.5, ):
Yk
Xk
, , .
(. 2.6).
2.2
3. , 2.7,
,
F = 200 .
. , :
MkA
= 0,
Fd F 2d F 3d F 4d + VB 4d = 0 ,
10F 10
=
200 = 500 .
4
4
,
, . .
VB =
VA = VB = 500 .
1
IV
II III 5
IV
A
VA
3
4
I II
F III V
d
B
VB
l=4d
2.7
II ( 2.8, ). 12.
43
. .
http://mechanika.org.ru
A :
MkA = 0 , N12d = 0 , N12 = 0 .
k
N1-2
II
N2-5
NA-2
N2-3
NA-3 x
VA
NA-3 3
II
VA
y
)
1
III
N2-5
N3-5
A
3
VA
IV
)
F
N3-4
III
N1-2
N4-5
N4-3
IV
N1-A
N4-6
V
2.8
A3 A2
Mk2 = 0 , NA 3d + Fd VAd = 0 ,
k
. .
Yk
N A 2 sin( ) F + VA = 0 ,
= 0,
N A 2 =
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F VA 200 500
=
= 424 .
sin( )
0,707
25 23
IIII ( 2.8, ). 3, A3
23:
Mk3
= 0,
N25d + Fd VAd = 0 ,
Yk
= 0,
N23 F + VA = 0 ,
Mk5
= 0,
N3 4d + Fd + F 2d VA 2d = 0 ,
Yk
N35 sin( ) F F + VA = 0 ,
= 0,
N35 =
2F VA 2 200 500
=
= 141 .
sin( )
0,707
A1, 1
( 2.8, ).
Yk = 0 , N1 A F = 0 , N1 A = F = 200 .
k
45 ( 2.8, ), . .
Yk = 0 , N45 = 0 .
k
45, :
45
. .
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,
, . .
N5 6 = N35 = 141 , N5 7 = N25 = 300 ,
N46 = N3 4 = 400 ,
N6 7 = N23 = 300 ,
N7 B = NA 2 = 424 ,
N7 8 = N12 = 0 ,
N6 B = N A 3 = 300 , N8 B = N1 A = 200 .
( 2.9).
300
200
300
424
300
300
141
300
424
200
141
400
400
300
2.9
2.3
4. , 2.10,
23, 28, 78, 38, 89. .
,
( 2.10, ).
II ( 2.1).
32 8, . 87 , 2. y, 82.
,
( ) .
2,
3. 2, 3 . .
IIII ( 2.2).
46
. .
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I II
P=1 5
)
A
d
VA
II
10
VB
l=5d
. . V A
1
. . V B
. . N2-3
0,6
1,2
1,41
0,85
. . N2-8
0,28
1,41
0,8
0,6
. . N7-8
e)
0,2
. . N3-8
1
0,6
1,2
2
. . N8-9
2.10
47
0,8
VA
N2-8
N2-3
7
I N7-8
2d
N 8 -2 =
VB
VB
=
= 1,41 VB
sin( )
0,707
N82 sin() + VB = 0;
VA
VA
=
= 1,41 VA
sin( ) 0,707
N2- 8 =
Y = 0;
VB
Y = 0;
2 = 0;
N78 d VA d= 0;
N78 = VA
10
2 = 0;
N87 d + VB 4d= 0;
N87 = 4 VB
8 = 0;
9
l=4d
N32 d + VB 3d= 0;
N32 = 3 VB
I 8
= 1 II ( 3)
8 = 0;
N23 VA 2d= 0;
N23 = 2VA
N8-7
N8-2
2 N3-2 I
= 1 II ( 2)
2.1
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
. .
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2.2
= 1 IIII
II
= 1 IIII
y
3
N3-2
II
N2-3 3
N8-3
N3-8
B
N9-8 II
VB
l=3d
3 = 0;
7
2d
VA
3 = 0;
N98 d + VB 3d=
0;
B
II
N89 d VA 2d= 0;
N89 = 2 VA
N98 = 3 VB
( )
( )
Y = 0;
N8-9
10
Y = 0;
N38 + VB = 0;
B
N83 + VA= 0;
N3-8 = VB
N8-3 = VA
( )
( )
38
. 3,
98. ,
3, 2.
.
, 38
.
.
5. (. 2.4) : ) 34, 35, 25; )
N35, N25, N34 ( 2.11)
2. .
.
34, 2.11, ,
II, , = 1. 2, y , z . 49
. .
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. 2.3.
2.3
= 1 II
= 1 II
( 5)
( 2)
= 0; N34 d P (z + d) = 0;
5
5
= 0;
P(z + d ) z
N34 = 0
N3-4 =
= +1
d
d
( )
( )
N3-4 z = 0 = 1 ; N3-4 z = d = 2 .
P
3 = 0;
3 = 0;
N25 d P z= 0;
Pz
z
N2-5 =
=
d
d
( )
N2-5 z = 0 = 0 ; N2-5 z = d = 1 .
N25 = 0
( )
Y = 0;
Y = 0; N35 sin()= 0;
N35 sin() P = 0;
1
P
N 3-5 =
=
= 1,155
sin()
0,866
( )
N35= 0
( )
)
B
5
d
l=3d
)
2
1
. . N3-4
. . N2-5
1
. . N3-5
1,15
2.11
1,15
5
, .
2 5
. . 2.11, .
,
.
(
) :
N2-5 = F (1) = 450 ;
50
. .
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2.4
6. p p (pc 2.12, ),
:
1
q = 40 H/ , .
d = 5 .
2 yc cp 25, 33, 34, 34 p p.
3 yc 33 p
p.
4 yc cp
33 cp c py, y . 2.
. p pcpy
pyy cc c p p y (pc
2.12, ). c py y p y
pc y py
F = q d = 405 = 200 ,
p y
qd 40 5
=
= 100 .
2
2
c p ( p) y
p , pc 2.13.
yc cp p p
VA = VB =
py,
8F 8 200
=
= 800 .
2
2
, 45.
51
. .
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2d
1'
3'
5'
7'
q
2'
4'
6'
8'
l=8d
2d
5
3'
1'
0,5F
d
8
5'
7'
0,5F
A
VA
2'
FI
4'
6'
F F
8'
l=8d
)
3'
II
)
)
4'
II
N3-3
'
N3-4
'
P=1
0,5P
II
2
11,43
c 2.12
52
II
VB
. .
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c cp p p p
c.
2d
F
A
3
VA
2F I
2F
2F
VB
2d
l=8d
2.13
p yc cp 25 p,
p , .
, p c II. Cc yp
pc c c p 3
( 2.14)
k 3
= 0,
VA 2d + F 2d N2 5 2d = 0 ,
y
N25 = F VA =
N3
5
2d
c p, py
(
):
N3 3 = N35 + N3 3 .
N2-5
N3-5
F
3
VA
2d
2F
N3-4
2d
2.14
, y:
Yk
= 0,
N3 5 sin( ) F 2F + VA = 0 ;
N35 =
3F VA
= 3 200 800 = 283 .
0,707
sin( )
53
. .
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N3 3
. 334,
IIII ( 2.15, )
( 2.15, ):
Yk
N3 3 sin( ) + 0,5F = 0 ;
= 0,
N3 3 =
0,5F
0,5 200
=
= 141 .
sin( )
0,707
c pcc 33
)
)
) y
3'
II
N3-3
N4 -3
'
'
'
II
3
4'
II
N3-4
III III
'
'
x
II
N4-4
N4-3
'
0,5F
2.15
III
4'
III
F
34 5 (. 2.14).
Mk5
= 0,
N3 4 2d + F 4d + 2F 2d VA 4d = 0 ,
N3 4 -
(. 2.15, ).
Xk
= 0,
N3 3 cos( ) + N3 4 = 0 ;
. .
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34 .
4 ( 2.15, )
:
Yk
N3 4 F = 0 ;
= 0,
N3 4 = F = 200 .
. P = 1 . 33. , ,
,
35 33 .
35 II
.
. 2.4. 3 4
( 2.12, ). N3
5.
2.4
= 1 II
I
N5-2
= 1 II
y
5
N2-5
N3-5
N5-3
B
N4-3
3
VA
VB
Y = 0;
N3-4
Y = 0;
N35 sin() + VA = 0;
N53 sin() + VB = 0;
VA
N 3-5 =
=
VB
VB
sin(
)
N5 3 =
=
= 1,414VB
sin( ) 0,707
VA
=
= 1,414VA
( )
0,707
( )
N3
5 ,
4 P = 1. II II
55
. .
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( 2.12, ) 3 ( 2.12, )
P
Y = 0; N3 3 sin( ) + = 0 ;
2
P
1
=
= 0,707 .
N3 3 =
2 sin( )
2 0,707
3 4 33
. 33 2.12, .
N33
0,353 0,884
=
; 0,353(5 x ) = 0,884x ;
x
5x
x = 1,43 .
2.16
0,353 (10 + 1,43)
0,884 (30 1,43)
1 =
= 2,02 , 2 =
= 12,61 ,
2
2
= 1 2 = 2,02 12,61 = 10,59 .
2 , .
N3 3 = q = 40 ( 10,59) = 424 .
N33, ,
, .
56
. . http://mechanika.org.ru
1 , . . : .
/ . . , . . , . . .
.: . , 1983. 255 .
2 p, . . . /
. . p, . . . 5- ., . .:
, 1956.
492 .
3 p, . . : . . .
/ . . p, . . . 8- ., . .
.: . ., 1986. 607 .
4 , . . : .
/ . . , . . . .: . .,
1986. 310 .
5 , . . / . . ,
. . . : , 2002. 58 .
6 , . .
: . .-. / . . . 2- .,
. .: , 1956. 454 .
7 , . . .
: / . . [ .]; . . . .
2- ., . . .: . , 2000. 416 .
8 , . . : . /
. . [ .]; . . . . .: ,
1984. 208 .
9 p, . . . : .
/ . . p. .: , 1981. 512 .
10 , . . : .
/ . . . : ,
2004. 376 .
57