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14-81
. .
. .
: 23.11.10
2010
1.
2. ..
3.
4. .
5.
6.
6.1 ().
6.2
.
6.3
6.4
.
6.5
7. .
8.
9. ..
1.
9,15 12,01 . :
,
, 410
V 3 .
MathCAD 14.
17 17 .
2.
. 1. 3.
. 2. .
,
.
. 3. - .
, , P0 = I 0 U 0 = 0.24 9 = 2.16
= P P0 . 10 (
) 32 . 9.15-12.01
: 9.15 , 9.75 , 10.5 , 11.25 , 12.01 .
1.
.
l,
P,
10
1.5
f, 12.01
,% 0.07
11
0.5
12
1.4
13
0.25
14
0.2
15
1
16
0.6
11.9
11.77
11.62
11.32
11.2
0.023
0.065
0.012
0.01
0.046
17
0.5
18
1
19
0.4
20
1.2
11.05 10.9
10.78
10.6
10.42
0.028
0.046
0.019
0.056
0.023
l,
P,
21
2
f, 10.27
,% 0.093
22
3.3
23
1
24
4.5
25
1.8
26
5
27
1.9
28
1.5
29
2
30
1
31
0.8
32
1
10.22
10.09
9.9
9.8
9.64
9.5
9.32
9.3
9.28
9.16
9.15
0.153
0.046
0.21
0.083
0.231
0.088
0.07
0.09
0.046
0.037
0.046
( ), ...
, [4], : 10
, ZH
U0; 10 .
4.
1
2 3, .
4.
5 6
.
7.
. 4. .
:
. 9,15
12,01 . 1 .
3.
,
.
,
, .
. 5. , ,
BH, lH ,
.
- f=10.5 , =c/f=2.855 .
. 6. - .
,
. =1.6;
: Zmin= Rmin=ZB/, ZB= 377
5
1(
2
)
rmin=
Rmin / ZB=1/1.6,
gmax=1.6 .
.
g=1,
=1.6
g=1.
( ) . ,
,
0.362 .
,
(0.362-0.25)=0.408 ,
,
.
.
0.48. /=1.241.
7,
a/a=0.67, a=1.541
l=
a a I
= 0.379
2
:
10.5 . ,
(10.5 1.5)
.
4. .
[1].
6
5. .
7
,
1 , 9,15 12,01
. [5] ,
, .
,
703, [1]:
, , , .
.
.
. 0,15 .
:
703, .339-003 , 703, .336.013 .
10 , 8.24 12.42 ,
8.59 . 3...20 ,
0,5 , 1,7 .
a = 23 10
2,3 4,46 , 300 (
).
r
. 9. .
. 10.
10 Z ,
. Z
,
(
).
5. .
, [1],
:
, .
:
f0
P;
, ;
f/f0
P/P;
;
, ;
;
:
, ;
;
.
5.1 .
9
f * = 1 (2
CKOH C
L ) =
CKOH + C KOH
0.42
2
0.6 10 21
0.8
= 14.529
R * = 2 f * C
;
* = LKOH
21
CKOH C
= 0.6 10
= 54.772
0.42
CKOH + C
0.8
;
k1 =
1
1
=
= 0. 5
*
9
2 f C KOH
2 14.529 10 0.4 10 12 54.772
.
= 754
f 2
a
1(
)
b
2a
= 754
3 10 14.53 10 2
1
1(
)
2.3
2 2.3
10
= 366.8
*
f :
X* =
1
1
=
*
2 f C KOH 2 14.53 109 0.4 10 12
= -27.386 .
>> X * ,
rBH 1 =
( X * )2
2.045 .
r1 = r + rBH 1 =
=3.545
:
10
f 2
* 1
f
1 =
k1
2. .
f,
1
9.15
-1.207
9.75
-1.099
10.5
-0.955
11.25
-0.801
12.01
-0.633
(. .4).
5.2 .
2
2
m
n2 p2
+
+
a2 b2 l 2
b 10
=
= 0.435 > 0.15 ,
a 23
f
=
3 108
=
=
= 15
2
202
,
[1]. , (. 7)
l 4 C 4 r04 .
3.
, 8.
f2, 9.15
9.75
l,
23.34 20.67
f3, 14.403 15.901
10.5
18.21
17.706
11.25
16.35
19.46
12.01
14.86
21.201
11
. 12.
a
f 2
= 754 1 (
) f
b
2a
b
2 = 1184 (
a
1
)3
f 2
1(
)
2a
2
Q02
4. .
f r02 =
f,
,
2,
r02,
9.15
467,048
1489
0.992
9.75
440,762
1251
0.834
10.5
418.115
1068
0.712
11.25
402.187
950.558
0.634
12.01
390.288
868.66
0.579
[8]
, .
. 14.
f:
12
X =
1
2 f C KOH
k2 =
1
2 f C KOH 2
5.
f,
,
,
+ ,
+ ,
X,
k2
9.15
61.275
-34.888
26.387
17.79
-43.485
0.0292
9.75
66.37
-37.44
28.93
25.561
-40.809
0.0326
10.5
72.75
-40.62
32.13
34.856
-37.894
0.0355
11.25
79.12
-43.81
35.31
43.752
-35.368
0.0372
12.01
85.585
-47.042
38.543
52.455
-33.13
0.0381
(+)<< (+)<<, ,
rBH 2 =
( X a + X )2
,
r
2
2 = r .
1
3- 4- , 3= , 4= ,
2= 1 1 - .
r2 = r02 + r 2 ,
6. .
f,
r2,
r2,
2
2
9.15
0.678
1.67
0.471
-0.829
9.75
1.482
2.316
0.653
-0.91
10.5
2.906
3.618
1.021
-1.047
11.25
4.76
5.393
1.522
-1.249
12.01
7.05
7.629
2.152
-1.579
5.4
:
2
f* *
R 2
f
r
1 + 1 ( 2 + 2 1 )
r
7. .
f,
9.15
9.75
10.5
11.25
12.01
R,
316.387
262.509
209.721
178.602
166.173
R0=14.28
[
R
],
15
R
,
20
, ,
R
, R0 3 20 ,
.
:
13
, ,
, , P = P min = 10 ,
Pmin .
8.
f,
P,
9.15
0.507
5,07
9.75
0.605
6.05
10.5
0.686
6.86
11.25
0.728
7.28
12.01
0.738
7.38
1 , 5 ,
.
,
.
5.5 .
2<0 ,
101 , -
.
,
.
.
: X=Xa+Xb+X. :
2= X/ 2. : 2= - X/ 2.
: 2= 2 + 2.
, H101: f2=f(1+ 2)-0.5.
9.
f,
X,
2
2
2
f2,
9.15
-17.097
-0.029
0.011
-0.018
9.232
9.75
-11.879
-0.033
0.0095
-0.023
9.865
10.5
-5.764
-0.035
0.0054
-0.03
10.662
11.25
-0.058
-0.037
0.00006
-0.03706
11.465
12.01
5.413
-0.038
-0.006
-0.044
12.286
6. .
= P/P0
10.
l,
f,
P,
, %
23.34
9.232
5,07
0.235
20.67
9.865
6.05
0.28
18.21
10.662
6.86
0.318
14
16.35
11.465
7.28
0.337
14.86
12.286
7.38
0.342
. 15.
. 16
. 17.
7. .
.
. :
- 9,15-12,01 ( );
0.5-5 ( );
9 / 240 ;
- 1023 ( 4242 );
;
,
, .
15
10) :
1) .. " ". .:
, 1979
2) . . . 1 .
.: , 1970
3) : . / . . . ; .:
. . ., 1991. 32 .
4) . . /. .
, . . , . . . . . . :
, 1992 223.: .
5) . . . .: , 1982. 112
., .
6) . ., . .
. .: , 1974, 80 .
7) ., ., . : .
. .: , 1987. 432.: .
8) . ., . . . .:
, 1986. 184 .: .
9) . ., . ., . .
. .: , 1983. 400 ., .
16