. .

-,

VLADISLAV

M .

Z U B O K

A FAILED EMPIRE
THE SOVIET UNION IN THE COLD WAR
FROM STALIN to GORBACHEV

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS

2007

2011

 94(47+57)
63.3(2)63
3-91
:
. (Jorg Baberowski), . (Lynn Viola),
. (Andrea Graziosi), . . ,
. ', (Helene Carrere d'Encausse),
.., .., ..,
. . , . (Robert Service),
. (Lennart Samuelson), . . ,
. (Sheila Fitzpatrick), . .

3-91

. .
:
/ . . ; [ .
. . ]. . : ( ) ; . . , 2011. 671 .: . ( ).
ISBN 978-5-8243-1543-1
()
.
: ,
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,
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.
, ,
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94(47+57)
63.3(2)63

ISBN 978-5-8243-1543-1

University of North Carolina Press, 2007

. , ,
2011

, .

, 2011

 94(47+57)
63.3(2)63
3-91
:
. (Jorg Baberowski), . (Lynn Viola),
. (Andrea Graziosi), ..,
. ' (Helene Carrere d'Encausse),
.., .., .. ,
. . , . (Robert Service),
. (Lennart Samuelson), . . ,
. (Sheila Fitzpatrick), . .

3-91

. .
:
/ . . ; [ .
. . ]. . : ( ) ; . . , 2011. 671 . : . ( ).
ISBN 978-5-8243-1543-1
()
.
: ,
, ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
, .
94(47+57)
63.3(2)63

ISBN 978-5-8243-1543-1

University of North Carolina Press, 2007

M. ., ,
2011

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, - 57,108, 223, 234
, 298
, - 246, 288, 289,
298, 303, 571, 575, 578-581, 583,
587, 622
, 262, 463
, 405, 411, 438,
450,457, 608,611,612, 622
, 219, 562
, 199
663

, - 303, 305-309, 311,

313, 314, 325, 330, 331, 333, 339,
348, 471,491,576, 589
, - 4 2 1 , 4 3 8
, - 371, 372, 593
, - 10, 158, 189, 216,
246, 276, 278, 280-283, 285, 286,
289, 292-326, 328-349, 351-355,
358, 360, 362-373, 375-382, 384386, 388, 389, 391, 392, 398, 406,
407, 410, 411, 426, 427, 441, 448,
451, 452, 473, 479, 490, 491, 493,
495, 496, 501, 527, 576, 577, 579,
580, 583-597, 617, 624, 625, 627,
628, 630, 663
, 251, 252
, 273, 583
, - 13, 357, 361, 439,
583, 590-592, 594, 595, 609, 622
, 244, 254,
338, 367
, 74, 100, 143,
145, 158, 160-162, 170, 183, 187,
194,197, 356, 510, 544-546,549
, - 259, 578, 580,
622

, - 458, 460, 465, 466,

469, 473-475, 477, 480, 481, 485,
614-616
, 82
, - 138
, 511
, 378, 428,
595
, 82
, - 393, 414, 598,
602, 622

, - 12,176, 501, 691,

693
, . . - 71, 522, 528, 622
, 268, 275,
517
, 89, 100,
109, 504,510, 526,574
, 270, 574, 623
664

, 292, 438,
577, 579, 589, 597, 599, 608, 618,
623
, 469, 600,
601,606, 608,615, 623
, 47, 96-98,
143, 178, 182, 183, 187, 213, 530,
531, 544-547
, 269, 574,
631
, 47, 48, 114,
135, 299, 515, 528, 531, 535, 543,
621

, - 334, 335, 337, 354

, - 367- 372, 593, 594
, - 215, 223, 261, 489
, - 288, 515, 526, 578,
624, 626, 631
, 314
, 35, 38, 51, 52,
60-62, 232, 233, 304, 321, 372, 509,
511, 516, 518, 519, 579, 585, 594,
618
, . 238
, - 151, 207, 540, 555,
573
, - 12, 249-251,
412
, 70,77,520-524,
528, 623
, - 393,442,465
, 485
, - 465, 614
-, 217
, 562
, 216, 219, 564
, 194, 338,367
, 41
. . - 286, 287
, 32
, 181, 184, 185,
301, 546, 553
, 417
, - 30, 32, 37, 81
, 4, 10, 11, 13, 14,
19, 22, 158, 238, 242, 246, 259, 261,
262, 266, 303, 310, 326, 353, 370,

371, 394, 399-485, 492, 494-497,

499, 500, 510, 529, 531, 546, 573,
574, 584, 596, 597, 599-616, 618,
620-622, 624, 627- 633, 663, 664
, - 246,261,262,266,
404,405, 433, 438, 450, 481, 482
, 55, 93-95, 100,
527
, 359, 601
, 133
, - 224, 225, 294, 297,
312, 317, 319, 322, 325, 335, 336,
346, 351, 353, 355, 362, 363, 373,
380
, -361,399,600,604,
609, 624
, 33-35, 97, 132,
152, 190, 191, 212, 216, 233, 283,
287, 291, 299, 300, 302, 306-313,
315, 317, 318, 320, 322, 332, 336,
340-342, 346, 352, 362-365, 369,
370, 372, 376-380, 384, 392, 397,
398, 400, 403, 404, 425, 428, 432,
452, 458, 490, 509, 510, 517, 536,
537, 579, 580, 584, 589, 593, 594,
600, 601, 608, 612, 624, 625
, 146, 171, 533,535
, - 82,83, 525
, - 37, 511, 530
, 153, 162,
169-171, 195, 201-203, 217, 345,
510,558,
, 420
, 276, 339
, 114, 521,
522, 525, 531
, 360, 591
, . () 334,
335,337,352, 354, 368, 587
, - 289, 291, 300,
564, 577
, 26, 43, 44, 53,
57, 62, 63,129, 517, 522, 533
, 102, 155, 156,
174, 194, 219, 235, 243, 274, 528,
545,549,570, 573, 575, 633
, 13, 38, 134,
227, 291, 292, 300, 312-314, 316,

333, 335, 351, 355, 357, 364, 367,

368, 372, 394, 397, 404, 424, 440,
453, 457, 472, 473, 511, 565, 566,
579, 583, 584, 586-595, 603, 605,
607, 608, 612, 625
, 300, 301, 385
, 244, 245
, 264, 272, 273,
275, 575, 625
, 4,434,444,452,453,
457, 478-484, 522, 608, 611, 621,
625
, - 46, 63,92,96,100,
123, 527
, - 16, 27, 52, 87, 92,
93, 111-114, 158-160, 162, 169171, 179, 183, 184, 187, 189-200,
267, 526, 527, 531, 540, 555, 557,
562, 619, 625
, 150, 194,
517
, - 259, 262, 298, 615
, 193, 537
, 385, 579, 596,
597
, 12, 14, 125
, 224, 233, 565
, 89,90,526
, 468
, 22, 506, 573,
625
, - 13, 159, 237, 504,
506, 526, 527, 620, 625, 626
, - 48, 168, 171, 172,
475, 548
, 13,16,169
, -12,412,445, 624
, 19, 259, 298,
505, 626
, 226, 343, 529,
561, 566, 626
665

 -, 77-79, , - 455, 456, 464, 466,

524
467, 469, 472, 474-477, 481, 485,
614
, 73, , 522
, - 39, 98, 143, 178, , - 184,185
182, 183, 187-189, 213, 295, 512, , 511
, 265, 266,
531, 547, 552,554,620, 621, 633
574, 626
, - 185,186
, - 223, 224, 565, , 13, 170, 216,
300, 352, 364, 365, 404, 428, 429,
568, 626
457,
549, 562, 578, 579, 581, 583, - 385,386, 388,
586, 588, 590-594, 599-606, 608,
, - 327, 409, 428
609,612,621,626, 627
, - 280, 328, 329,
, - 194, 203, 204, 557
366-373, 376, 379, 381, 387, 392,
, - 283, 284, 286,
422, 501, 592, 593
288, 289, 291, 296, 304, 313, 315,
, - 223, 363, 565
318, 320, 322, 326, 335, 339, 340,
, - 215,221,222,227344, 351, 353, 376, 577, 578, 582,
229, 231, 264, 265, 363, 365, 429,
584, 594, 624, 625, 630
444,474, 490,563, 566,567, 605
, -165, 235
, 305, 475,581- , - 148, 542
583, 626
, 470, 613
, 306, 580, 582, , - 12, 462, 553
, 263
583, 584, 587-589, 595, 626
, - 469, 470, 615
, - 397, 408
, 375, 427, 428,
, () 68
438, 452, 453, 469, 476, 480, 482,
, 31, 73, 78, 83
483, 605, 608,611,627
, . - 215-220, 222,
100, 115, 506
232, 234, 304, 325, 257, 366, 561,
, 230
562, 564, 626
, 384
, . - 219, 227
, - 196,199,200, 231,
- 130-132, 535, 536
240.517, 557, 567, 569, 623
, 296, 340, 346,
577
, 224
, 38, 210, 280,
, 287
295, 304, 307, 308, 312-318, 320,
, - 12, 437, 461, 470, 613,
324, 330-334, 337, 342, 344-346,
614
348, 349, 351-355, 358, 361, 365,
, 306
367, 370, 441, 454, 497, 501, 511,
-, 75, 523
576, 583-585, 589, 591, 592, 611,
, 131
612
, - 14,399,401,404,419,
, 203,497, 558
424, 425, 432, 438, 439, 448, 450,
, 341, 342
452,461,462, 608-611, 613, 627
, - 254, 572, 626
, 25, 26, 34, 39,
, - 448, 585, 610,
40, 55, 56, 67, 84,441, 507, 510,511,
626
518, 521, 530
, 44, 57, 69, 515, , 64, 65, 89,
521
112.518, 520
666

, 459
, 358
- 182,183
, - 25, 26, 28, 89, 108,
109, 356, 504, 507, 508, 510, 525,
529,530
, 56, 57, 61
, 230
, 82
, 206
, 227, 291
, 397,408, 598,
600,603
, 61, 87, 93, 99,
100, 109, 110, 140-150, 153, 155159, 162, 163, 166, 175, 178, 179,
183, 187, 188, 194-197, 199, 207,
489, 510, 517, 519, 524, 540, 541545,552,554,557,620,628
, - 142, 147, 539, 542
, 163, 181, 183,
185,552
, 108, 210,
213, 224-226, 234, 283, 289, 297,
565, 568
, 26, 53, 158,
195,196,507, 530, 556
- 51, 65, 66, 130-134,
177, 182, 183, 185, 186, 210-214,
221, 287, 288, 295, 304, 305, 313,
520,536,551, 553, 554, 561, 627
, 64,65,120-124,
126,129,139,176, 480,511,533
, 329, 547
, - 80,508,521,524,
628
, 439, 468, 604,
605,614,615, 622
, 451, 603, 608,
611

363, 429,
605
-, 148
, 115
, 48,63
, - 14, 19, 23, 31, 61,
87, 89, 94, 95, 130, 145, 154, 159,

162-164, 183, 185, 187-189, 197,

203,216,225,229,253,265,283,289,
505,507,508,510,519,526,527,540,
541, 544-546, 551, 553-555, 557,
566, 577,579, 580,628
, 552
, 348,469
, 37, 511, 525,
628
, 214, 261, 628
, 417, 604
, 98
, 242, 255
, 16, 25-27, 29,
30, 32-36, 41, 44-46,48, 51, 53, 55,
58-61, 66-69, 71, 73, 77-79, 82,
83, 86, 87, 89, 94, 96-98, 106, 109,
112-114, 118, 120, 121, 123, 129,
130, 135, 138, 140-145, 147, 149,
150, 152, 154, 155, 158-162, 166,
167, 171-175, 178, 179, 182-189,
196-198, 213, 282, 284, 299, 309,
327, 342, 347, 398, 489, 504, 507,
508, 510-512, 517, 518-522, 524,
525, 530, 531, 533-535, 537, 538541, 544, 546, 547, 550, 552, 554,
583, 620, 629, 633
, 162,174
, - 12, 397, 405, 458,
481, 600, 602, 604
, - 174,568,628
, 409,428
, - 115-187
, 12,96,116
, 174, 179,
180, 290,343, 550
, - 200, 217,269
, 275
, 464, 467, 613, 614
, 363, 364,366, 592
, - 215, 280, 293, 303,
307, 308, 312-321, 325, 330-334,
336, 337, 339, 342-348, 351-353,
355, 367, 368, 372, 373, 418, 422,
441, 491, 497, 576, 583, 584, 586,
604
, - 368,593
667

, 92, 122, 526,

531, 533, 629, 630
, 301
, - 380, 399, 426,
583
, - 433,452, 607
, 267, 268
, - 246, 367
(), 571,
629
, 265, 574
, - 248, 249, 339,
572, 622, 629
, 245,
247
, - 114, 117, 118, 135,
533, 537
, 217, 560, 562
, 53, 159, 187,
544,545
, - 368, 587
, 599
, 13, 58, 83, 89,
126, 507, 520, 526, 534, 629
, 79
, - 225, 226, 228, 562
, 283, 285,
289, 315, 317, 318, 320, 322, 340,
344, 351,353,377
, 282-284,
358,576,577
, 20, 21, 242,
459, 505, 506, 575, 630
, 299, 320, 363,
374, 375,377,412, 577, 594
, 98,532
, - 178,199, 551
, 405
, 468
, 386, 465,
613
, - 281, 294,337, 370,
371, 382, 390-398, 408-414, 416418, 420-425, 429, 430, 432, 435,
437, 440, 441, 455, 465, 473, 485,
668

494, 497, 498, 502, 598, 599, 600,

602-605, 618
, 181
, - 103, 243, 272, 273,
575
, 16,
30, 32-38, 45, 46, 50, 51, 66, 67, 69,
81, 85, 215, 318, 321, 402, 487, 507509, 514, 534, 629
, 55, 93-95,
100, 527
, 399, 401, 404,
414, 424, 438, 469, 471, 606, 608,
630
, 187, 544
, - 343-349,378
, 73
, 272, 568, 575,
578, 630
, 67
, - 156,174,194, 195,
200, 218, 220, 224, 231, 269, 328,
341, 430, 545, 550, 565, 567, 574,
630
, -106, 111, 113119, 135, 142-144, 146, 148, 150,
223, 242, 312, 319, 510, 529-533,
538-541, 543, 552, 577, 582, 583,
585, 630
, 283, 577,
580,582, 630
, - 27, 48, 157, 187, 515,
530, 532
, 102, 103,
243, 245, 248, 267, 504, 509, 511,
544, 559,574, 630
, - 268,276,339
, 465, 466, 473,
614
, 231, 415
, 24, 28
, 85
, 319,351
, - 409, 428,433
, 111, 113,
114, 116, 135, 148, 210, 224, 531,
540, 543

, 235, 274,
275, 337-341, 354, 375, 587, 620,
631
, - 4, 6, 9, 10, 16-21,
23-26, 28-31, 33-35, 37-52, 54143, 145, 147, 149, 152-158, 160170, 172, 173, 175-179, 181, 182,
184-187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 198,
207, 210, 211, 215, 217, 236-247,
249, 250, 252, 254, 255, 257-260,
267, 268, 270, 271, 274, 276-279,
282-286, 291, 292, 294-299,
305, 309, 320, 321, 324, 325, 335,
342, 347, 357, 377, 381, 382, 398,
399, 406, 407, 441, 446, 447, 450,
453-455, 462, 473, 475, 486-489,
491-493, 495, 496, 498, 504, 505,
507-516, 518-528, 530-538, 544,
546, 547, 550, 551, 553, 554, 556,
558, 569, 577, 580, 606, 619-621,
624-631, 663, 664
, 13, 350, 393
, 230
, - 14, 70, 522
, 23, 24, 33, 143,
148, 507, 510, 540-543, 631
- 50, 64, 509
, 537
, -183, 212, 216, 285,
286, 289, 291, 296, 317, 320, 322,
334, 335, 364, 384, 385, 533, 576,
577, 628
, 14,293,320,321,
400, 579, 584, 585, 589, 590, 593,
594,631
, Hyp 374- 378,
594
, 456,612, 613
, - 14, 156, 221, 400
, 242, 247,
275, 570, 632
, - 47, 49, 122, 123,
125, 147, 160, 161, 177, 180, 185187, 530, 553,554
, - 80, 521
, 126, 185, 318,
553

, 286
, 32
, - 14, 35, 152, 162,
173, 191, 212, 221, 222, 229, 509,
510, 547, 550, 552, 566, 577, 590,
591, 632
, 484, 617, 632
, 35-37, 48, 50-53,
55-57, 60, 64, 65, 69, 78-82, 84, 85,
87, 97, 120, 121, 126, 132, 194, 215,
382, 484, 507, 534, 551, 629
, 418, 420, 446,
481
, 115, 116, 531,
532, 534, 620
, - 390, 397, 408,
422
, 389
, - 114, 117, 128,
135, 138, 139, 142-144, 146, 148151, 172, 217-219, 255, 301, 306,
307, 348, 533, 543, 559
, - 81, 126, 518
, - 53,231,246,285,
294, 297, 322, 325, 332, 346, 351,
353, 362, 369, 373, 375, 377-381,
384-386, 391-394, 398-400, 440,
557, 580,594, 595, 597, 598, 632
, 453, 470, 475,
553, 562, 582, 632
, - 31, 280, 342, 351355,361,362, 364-366, 368, 369
, 439, 450, 451,
456, 457, 609-612, 632
, 358
, 307, 348, 597
, 55,518
, - 10, 17, 42, 45, 51,
70, 140, 143, 145, 147, 149-153,
155-163,
165-170,
172-194,
196-234, 236-238, 241-243, 246248, 251-255, 257-267, 270, 271,
274, 275, 277, 281-287, 291, 292,
294-296, 304, 306, 308, 323-325,
345, 346, 351, 355-358, 362, 366,
669

371, 398, 400, 401, 407, 429, 434,

435, 441, 447-449, 452, 454, 473,
481, 489-493, 495, 496, 499, 509,
510, 527, 529, 531, 538, 540, 541,
544-546, 548-552, 554, 556-558,
560-562, 565-567, 570, 572, 573,
576,577,578,580,584,619,621,622,
630-632,663
, - 198, 204, 207, 554,
556, 557, 559,560, 567, 632
, 377,474
- 64, 65, 520
, - 295, 306, 349, 580,
582, 589, 590,595,632
- 40,51, 64-66,130, 520,
627
, 386
, 401, 425, 430,
447, 603
, 465,473
553, 554
, 287
, 382, 398400,403, 442, 600, 602, 630
, 13, 101, 259,
261, 262, 298, 299, 303, 310, 318,
325, 333, 346, 349, 355, 361, 368,
377, 381, 386, 406, 411, 418, 427,
434, 435, 437-439, 441, 448-451,
453, 456, 462, 463, 465, 468, 475,
476, 481, 505, 506, 527, 528, 573,
580-583, 584-587, 589, 590-593,
595, 597, 600-616,622,632
, 37, 38, 43, 44,
48, 52, 57, 63, 67, 78, 83, 87,91, 111,
144, 147, 157, 158, 347, 453, 475,
508, 511, 513, 515, 520, 526, 531,
542, 629, 630
, - 246, 571, 573
- 175, 177, 186, 288,
295, 304, 305, 537, 554, 578, 582,
624, 625
, 135
, 13, 259, 262,
310, 439, 450, 463, 464, 472, 592,

596, 602, 604, 608, 610, 612, 613,

615, 616, 622, 633
, 92
, 166, 531,577
, 357, 389
, 13, 404, 405,
413, 416, 428, 429, 432, 433, 435,
443, 448, 453, 454, 456, 462, 463,
465-467, 469, 470, 475, 601, 603,
608, 613,633
, 72
, 283,284,286,
287, 296, 326, 577
, - 230, 301, 315, 317,
322, 566, 577, 579, 580, 581, 584,
633
, - 174, 178, 179,
180, 183, 184, 187, 191, 248, 253,
552,554,633
, 259, 298
, 353
, 272, 273
, - 394,397,403,408,
422, 432, 435, 442, 600
, 341, 367
, 336, 339, 587
, 34, 92,147,153,
162, 168-172, 177, 190, 192, 195,
196, 198, 200-202, 206- 208, 211214, 215, 217, 223, 234, 345, 357,
382, 391, 555-557
, - 19, 242, 247, 256,
273, 505, 509, 633
, - 52, 58, 83, 97
, 551

148, 182, 211, 543,

, - 433,460,480, 604
, 14, 22, 210,
262, 303, 405, 406, 411, 427-429,
433-435, 453, 463, 469, 506, 551553, 602, 603, 608, 612, 620, 633
, 482,483
, 385,386,388,
389,465,597, 614

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1953-1957

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5. , 1953-1963

192

6. , 1953-1968

235

7. , 1962-1972

280

8. . , 1973-1979

327

9. , 1980-1987

382

10. , 1988-1991

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