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M-$%: V-$3$*&-&5 P9'$. WXA 3+403:2 .+8$'5
Xapai1epno nep1o +nomnn repynapopnix o1nomenn iona XX - nanaa XXI nn.
nnne1cn c1pern1einoe nepeponanne crennmmnx ppyr ppyra npoei1on
rnpoyc1poc1na, nn opnn na io1opix ne nipepnna ncni1annn na nponnoc1i,
oiaainanci c1oi e xpyninr, npexopnmnr, iai n nc npepmec1nonanmee ery.
31o1 npoecc nanacn c ipymennn 6nnonpno cnc1eri, connmecn noce B1opo
rnpono noni n coxpannnmecn 6oee ne1ipx pecn1ne1n.
Pacio ynac1nnion no6eponocno an1nrn1eponcio ioannn npnn i
ro6ainory npo1nno6opc1ny npo1nnonoonix o6mec1nennix cnc1er n
npape6nix noennix 6oion no rane c pnyrn cnepxpepanarn - CBA n CCCP.
Kapan na nnx nponoaramaa co6c1nennym ropei o6mec1na o6paaor pn ncero
neonenec1na, o6nnnnn npo1nnnnia n c1perennn nannaa1i e ncern cpepc1narn,
nimnan noopynnym cny.
Ter ne renee, non1nio-npeoornnecian xoopnan nona pnyx cnc1er ne nepepoca n
ropnnym, io1opan 6ia 6i pannocnina rapan1nponannory naanrnory
ynnn1oennm npo1nnnnion, a nrec1e c nnrn n nce neonenecio nnnnaann n
orne 1epronpepnoro Anoianncnca. Xo1n c1oponi ne paa nopxopnn nno1nym i +1o
qa1aino nep1e n xope 6epnncioro nn iy6nncioro ipnancon, o6e cnepxpepani
noe-nenoe co6mpan nenncannie npanna nrpi, ocnono io1opix nnnoci
ronannoe npnananne pe-qai1o cqep nnnnnn iapo, a noopynnie ionqni1i c
repy nnrn nocnn iocnenni xapai1ep noppepin cnonx c1oponnnion n oiainix
nonax na nepnqepnn Tpe1iero rnpa (noni no ponepennoc1n).
Iapan1ne 1aio cpepannoc1n cyno acnrre1pnnnoe, no o1 1oro ne renee
peainoe pannonecne noennix, npepe ncero paie1no-npepnix no1ennaon
cnepxpepan, ronia nac1yna1einix n o6oponn1einix c1pa1ernnecinx noopyenn
io1opix c nanaa 7u-x rr. XX n. 6ia nnepena n onpepennie parin cone1cio-
arepniancinx coramenn o6 nx ion1ponpyeror orpannnennn.
Pannonecne c1paxa repy Boc1oior n Sanapor n nepnop xoopno noni npn
nce ero noponnoc1n oc1anaoci o1nocn1eino c1a6ninir n npepciaayerir.
Kapan na cnepxpepan coxpanna ion1poi nap co6c1nennir areper, io1opi ne
rorn noioe6a1i nn pnccnpen1c1no Tn1oncio Krocannn, A6annn, Pyrinnn n
2
pae cone1cio-in1acin paapin na noc1oie, nn qponpa peroencio upannn na
Sanape. B cynae yrpoai nixopa comannion na-nop ion1pon n xop mn cnonie
re1opi - npnrie nn iocnennie (IP, Benrpnn, Aexoconainn, c opno c1oponi,
Ina1eraa, Ipenapa, Hpan npn Noccapiie c ppyro).
Bapenne 9 non6pn 1989 r. 6epnncio c1eni, aa io1opir noceponan
an1niorrynnc1nnecine 6apxa1nie penomnn n c1panax cone1cioro 6oia,
noccoepnnenne Ieprannn, naione, pacnap CCCP, noonn ione 6nnonpnory rnpy.
Ianno npnnnno +1oro nnnnci qai1opi nny1pennero nopnpia - cnc1erni
ipnanc cone1cio +ionornnecio ropen iaaaprennoro conanara n e
1o1an1apnoro npeno-non1nnecioro ioc1nia.
Nepy 1er Sanap nocnpnnn +1n +noxainie co6i1nn cyry6o opnoc1oponne, con1n nx
nmi cnoe no6epo n xoopno none, opepanno 6ea epnnoro nic1pea. 01cmpa
peacn ninop, n1o e cepc1nner pono c1a1i nocc1anonenne 1papnnonno
aanapno ronononn na qoprnponanne ro6ainoro rnponopnpia, coxpannnmecn
na npo1nennn ne1ipx neion. Bperenno napymnnman e 6nnonpnan c1pyi1ypa
repynapopnix o1nomenn paccra1pnnaaci nmi iai cynanan anorann, ianpna
nc1opnn, noce io1oporo nc caro co6o c1ane1 na cnon rec1a. Bonpoc aaimnacn
nmi n 1or, iaio na pnyx en1pon aanapnoro rnpa - Enpona nn Cenepnan Arepnia
6ype1 pema1i cypi6i n1ee oc1ainix ion1nnen1on.
C iona XvI po nanaa XX n. +1a poi 6eayconno npnnapeaa Enpone, nepymne
pepani io1opo paapenn nane1y na ioonnainie nrnepnn n cqepi nnnnnn.
Co npern Bec1qaicioro rnpa 1648 r., y1neppnnmero npnnnn rocypapc1nennoro
cynepenn1e1a, o1nomennn repy nnrn carnrn c1ponnci n pariax 1.n. ionep1a c
ynac1ner Benio6pn1annn, upannn, Poccnn, Anc1pnn n Bpyccnn. Ero ocnonno
aapane nnnoci noppepanne pannonecnn cn ynac1nnion c 1er, n1o6i na6ea1i
npeo6apannn opnoro na nnx n ymep6 ncer nponnr.
Bpe1enpen1arn na enponeciym rereronnm nooneppno nic1ynan Cnnmennan
Pnrcian nrnepnn Ia6c6ypron npern apc1nonannn Kapa v c e orpornirn
napennnrn n Bonor Cne1e, upannn npn Pmponnie XIv n Banoeone, Poccnn
Aeicanppa I n Bnioan I, naione, Ieprannn Bnireira II n In1epa.
Kapi na nnx 1epne, n ionennor cn1e, nopaenne n none c o61epnnnnmnrncn
npo1nn nero oc1ainirn ynac1nniarn ionep1a. Peayi1a1or onepepno npo6i
cn oiaainacn nepepe 1eppn1opn, naceennn, pecypcon n Enpone n aa e
npepearn, io1opi pni1onacn no6epn1enrn no6epnnir na o6meenponecinx
ionrpeccax - Bec1qaicior noce 1pnpa1ne1ne noni (1648 r.), Y1pex1cior n
Pam1a1cior noce noni aa ncnancioe nacepc1no (171S-1714 rr.), Bencior noce
nanoeononcin non (181S r.), Bapncior noce Kpircio noni (18S6 r.),
Bepnncior noce onepepno pyccio-1ypeio noni (1878 r.), naione,
Bepcaicior noce Bepno rnpono noni (1919 r.).
0cnonannan na nx pemennnx n mpnpnnecin aaipennnan rnpnirn 1pai1arn
cnc1era o1nomenn coxpannaci po 1ex nop, noia ne napymaoci pannonecne cn
repy c1oponnniarn coxpanennn niropnoro nr c1a1yc-ino n pennanonnc1arn,
po6nnanmnxcn ero nepecro1pa. Boce onepepno npo6i cn repy nnrn na nonx
cpaenn 6aanc n ionep1e nocc1anannnacn, no ye na nonix yconnnx.
3
Ipan1or 6ecnepe6onoro qyninonnponannn +1oro rexannara nic1ynaa
Benio6pn1annn, nponopnnman non1niy 6ec1nme naonnn o1 npearepno
1ecnix comaon, n1o6i coxpann1i raicnrainym cno6opy pyi npn ni6ope nap1npon.
Bypynn nporimenno rac1epcio rnpa n ero 1oprono-qnnanconir en1por,
coapan nennamym n nc1opnn ioonnainym nrnepnm, ny1n i io1opo
o6ecnennnanci rocnopc1nor na ropnx, Benio6pn1annn rora nic1yna1i n pon
ap6n1pa repy ion1nnen1ainirn pepanarn, coapanan ioannn npo1nn m6ix
npe1enpen1on na enponeciym, a 1er carir n rnponym rereronnm, i io1opo na
npo1nennn XIX n. cara ma 6ne ncex
1
.
0pnaio n nanae XX n ionep1 pepan iai +qqei1nnni nnc1pyren1 pemennn
nonpocon noni n rnpa n Enpone, a nrec1e c 1er n poi nocepne iai rannoro
en1pa cni n ro6ainor racm1a6e 6ecnonopo1no ymn n npomoe.
Ba 1o 6io necioiio o61ei1nnnix npnnnn. 061epnnenne Bncrapior Ieprannn
eeaor n iponim noipyr Bpyccnn nopopnao ocnoni npenero reonon1nnecioro
pannonecnn n Enpone, pacioon e na nenpnrnpnro npape6nie ioannn. B pnyx
ne6inao ipononpon1nix n paapymn1einix rnponix nonax repy nnrn nrenno
Enpona c1aa rannir noer 6n1ni, oca6nn iai no6epn1ee, 1ai n no6epnnix.
31n noni, iai n Benian penpeccnn nanaa Su-x rr. XX n., cnoco6c1nonan
noanninonennm 1o1an1apnix penron - iorrynnc1nnecinx n qamnc1cinx,
nopopnanmnx o6mnoc1i ennoc1nix ocnon enponecio nnnnaann, io1opan
cyna neo6xopnrir yconner cymec1nonannn ionep1a. Xo1n n nr n npepe
cocymec1nonan apnc1oipa1nnecine ronapxnn n peroipa1nnecine pecny6nin, car
qenoren 1o1an1apnara noc1ann nop nonpoc ropainoe npepc1no Enponi n rnpe.
Baione, ye Bepnan, no oco6enno B1opan rnponie noni peaio nopopnan npec1n
enponecinx ioonnainix nrnepn, cnoco6c1nonan npoeccy peioonnaann -
cnanaa non1nnecio, a aa1er n nanec1no repe n +ionornnecio.
Te e carie qai1opi cirpan pn Enponi, iai nn napapoicaino, n neraym
noon1einym poi: onn pemammnr o6paaor cnoco6c1nonan paann1nm
enponecio nn1erpann. Bapnpy c o61ei1nnnirn +ionornnecinrn qai1oparn -
neo6xopnroc1im nixopa aa yaine rpanni nanonainix pinion n yry6ennn
repynapopnoro paapeennn 1pypa - n ero ocnone ean n non1nnecine.
Ka1ac1poqnnecine nocepc1nnn pn Enponi rnponix non, opno na ocnonnix
npnnnn io1opix nnnoci qpanio-reprancioe conepnnnec1no, nac1no pni1onan
ero npeopoenne.
9 ran 19Su r. - n nn1ym roponmnny oionnannn B1opo rnpono noni rnnnc1p
nnoc1pannix pe upannn Po66ep Byran nic1ynn c npepoenner o61epnnn1i
nponanopc1no n c6i1 pnyx nanemnx pn 1oro nperenn nnpon nporimenno
npopyinn - yrn n c1an upannn, uPI, H1ann, Beirnn, Ioanpnn n
Pmicer6ypra, n1o cpeao 6i, no ero conar, nonym nony repy nnrn ne 1oiio
6ecnpepre1no, no n ra1epnaino nenoarono.
Cepc1nner +1o nnnna1nni c1ao coapanne n 19S1 r. Enponecioro o61epnnennn
yrn n c1an (E0YC), aa1er nopnncanne n Pnre 2S rap1a 19S7 r. poronopon o coapannn
4
1
!".: #$%&' ('))'%*+$&. ,'-./"01'2. 3$&. ) 0%4.., 50*/"'&, 6., 1997 4.
Enponecioro +ionornnecioro coo6mec1na (E3C) n Enponecioro coo6mec1na no
a1orno +neprnn (Enpa1ora), io1opie noneia cnyc1n ern n ocnony Enponecioro
comaa - opnoro na nepymnx nomcon ro6ananponanno rnpono +ionornin.
Ero ncxopnir py6eor n yconner cymec1nonannn nocyno nc1opnnecioe
npnrnpenne upannn n Ieprannn, npenpa1nnmnxcn na nacepc1nennix nparon n
npnnnernponannix nap1npon. Hrenno qpanio-reprancin 1anper, cipennni
22 nnnapn 196S r. Encecinr poronopor, na npo1nennn noyneia oc1a1cn ro1opor
ncero npoecca enpoc1pon1eic1na.
Ecn, opnaio, no nanay +ionornnecioe npenocxopc1no Ieprannn ypannonemnnaoci
non1nnecinrn npenrymec1narn upannn (noc1onnnoe nenc1no n CB 00B, npepnor
iy6e, a rannoe - o1ne1c1nennoc1n aa pemenne reprancio npo6eri napnpy c CBA,
CCCP n Benio6pn1anne), 1o noce noccoepnnennn uPI 6aanc cn no qpanio-
reprancior 1anpere narenncn n ymep6 Bapny. Bo+1ory qpanyacine npepi -
Bnpai, aa1er Capioan noni1anci ypannonecn1i cocepa aa Penor paann1ner
1papnnonnoro co1pypnnnec1na c ppyrnr cocepor aa Paranmer - c
Benio6pn1anne, oco6enno n noenno o6ac1n n n Aqpnie (nc1pena Bnpai - B+p n
Cen-Nao n 1998 r., coramenne Capioan - K+repon 2u1u r.). Xo1n pononenne ocn -
Bapn-Bepnn ceppennir coracner c Ponponor o1panno nanornnao 6io
enponecin ionep1, o noanpa1e i nery iai cnc1eroo6paaymmery qai1opy
repynapopnix o1nomenn n Enpone n 1er 6oee aa npepearn penn 6i1i ne roe1.
B +ionornnecio cqepe ycnexn enponecio nn1erpann, necro1pn na noc1onnno
co1pncammne e nny1pennne ionqni1i n ipnanci, ne nopea1 cornennm. 06mn
pinoi nporimennix 1onapon, pononenni ceicioxoanc1nenno, aa1er
pernonaino non1nio, noc1enenno nepepoc n 1oprono-+ionornnecin coma c
conpno npanono 6aao n epnno nam1o. Yry6enne nn1erpanonnoro npoecca
conponopaoci ero pacmnpenner c mec1n rocypapc1n-ocnona1ee po 9, 1u, 12, 1S,
naione, 27 c1pan, oxna1nn npai1nnecin ncm Enpony, aa ncimnenner noc1cone1cioro
npoc1panc1na (ipore c1pan Ba1nn), Bopnernn, Bneapnn n Sanapnix Baian.
C1an +ionornnecinr rnran1or, pannir no ocnonnir nponanopc1nennir
napare1par CBA, a no ypeinory necy n rnpono 1oprone paeio onepepnnmnr nx,
EC oc1acn, 1er ne renee, non1nnecinr iapnior. Bpnnnni +1oro onennpni.
Becro1pn na noc1onnnoe conepmenc1nonanne nnc1n1ynonnoro rexannara
Enpocomaa Naac1pnx1cinr, Arc1epparcinr, Bncinr, naione, Pncca6oncinr
poronoparn on 1ai n ne cror npnrnpn1i npnnnni ionqepepann cynepennix
rocypapc1n n nx cnnnnn n napnanonainym qepepanm. Aer 6oime pacmnpncn
coc1an EC, 1er 1pypnee c1anonn1cn naxopn1i iornpornccnie pemennn repy
nn1epecarn ynac1nnion, c yn1or nc 6oimnx paannn nx racm1a6on,
reonon1nnecioro nooennn, yponnn paann1nn.
31a acnrre1pnn oco6enno omy1nro par ce6n ana1i n xope nipa6o1in EC 06me
nnemne non1nin n non1nin 6eaonacnoc1n (0BBB), npepycro1penno
Naac1pnx1cinr poronopor. Nnoronncennie pemennn, npnnn1ie na ocnone
ioncencyca Enpocone1or ran rocypapc1n n npann1eic1n nn Cone1or rnnnc1pon
nnoc1pannix pe EC o epnno noannn no ocnonnir repynapopnir npo6erar iai
npanno ne noynan npai1nnecioro npopoennn. Cn1yanm npnp n cnoco6no
narenn1i coapanne na ocnone Pncca6oncioro poronopa noc1a epnnoro Bicoioro
5
npepc1ann1en EC no nnemne non1nie, nopnnnnnoro rerocypapc1nennory
Enpocone1y, no nnnmmerocn opnonperenno aarec1n1eer npepcepa1en
napnanonaino Enpoiornccnn. Baananennan na +1o1 noc1 6pn1ancian 6aponecca
K+1pnn 3m1on, crennnman pnyx cnonx npepmec1nennnion - Xaniepa Coany no nnnn
Cone1a n Benn1y ueppepo-Baipnep n Kornccnn, nree1 necira orpannnennie
nonoronnn - e poi cnopn1cn no cymec1ny nmi i nonciar nanrenimero o6mero
anarena1en repy noannnrn cynepennix rocypapc1n-nenon EC, o1nmpi ne
ro1onix o1iaaa1icn o1 nponepennn co6c1nennoro nnemnenon1nnecioro iypca,
onpepeneroro nanonainirn nn1epecarn.
Em cipornee nirnpn1 npai1nnecine peayi1a1i Enponecio non1nin
6eaonacnoc1n n o6oponi (EBB0), npepycro1penno n 1997 r. Arc1epparcinr
poronopor. Becro1pn na coapanne enponearn aapopima an1onorno noenno
nnqpac1pyi1ypi - qpanio-reprancio 6pnrapi, npeo6paaonanno nnocepc1nnn n
Enpoiopnyc, Boennoro iorn1e1a, m1a6a n nponepenne nop nx pyionopc1nor
o1peinix rnpo1nopnecinx onepan n Enpone (Naieponnn, Bocnnn) nn n Aqpnie
(eroipa1nnecian pecny6nia Konro, Aap), enponecian o6oponnan npen1nnnoc1i
no cymec1ny 1ai n ne coc1onaci: EBB0 oc1a1cn ne 6oee ner npnpa1ior rexannara
BAT0, rpe pemammym poi nrpam1 CBA. 31o co nce onennpnoc1im poiaaa oni1
ionqni1on 6inme Krocannn, Hpaia, Aqrannc1ana, rpe enponei nrpan cyry6o
nopnnnnnym, ncnorora1einym poi. Nec1o Enponi iai npe1enpen1a na rnponoe
npepc1no aannn Coepnnnnie B1a1i. Ecn noce B1opo rnpono noni onn
6in ninypeni pen1i nnnnne c CCCP, io1opi 6poca nr ne 1oiio noenni, no
n npeoornnecin niaon, 1o c ionor xoopno noni n pacnapor Cone1cioro Comaa
CBA nperenno nmnnci cioiio-nn6ypi poc1onoro conepnnia n ro6ainor
racm1a6e.
Hx npn1naannn na rnponym rereronnm onnpanci, npepe ncero, na necira
nnymn1eini +ionornnecin, naynno-1exnnnecin n oco6enno noenni
no1enna. B panno cnnan necira noiaaa1een repynapopni iooinnyr ynnix,
n ocnonnor arepniancinx n 6pn1ancinx, npomepmn necno 1997 r. n Pmicer6ypre
nop naananner: ne rereronnn. Bpn1annn n 1846-1914 n Coepnnnnie B1a1i n
1841-2uu1 rr.. Anananpyn cninie n ca6ie c1oponi qai1nnecio rereronnn
Bpn1ancio nrnepnn no n1opo noonnne XIX n., 6oimnnc1no ynac1nnion
iooinnyra nnpen n CBA npnroro npeernnia Benio6pn1annn, pacnoarammero
no cpannennm c ne ropaapo 6oee mnpoinrn noaronoc1nrn, xo1n n ne nmnnirn
n cnom onepepi ynannrix nep1
2
.
Arepnia aannrae1 pornnnpymmne noannn n ne1ipx nremmnx pemammee
ananenne o6ac1nx rnpono nac1n: n noenno o6ac1n ona pacnoarae1 ne
nremmnrn ce6e pannix ro6ainirn noaronoc1nrn paanp1inannn; n o6ac1n
+ionornin oc1a1cn ocnonno pnnyme cno rnponoro paann1nn, pae necro1pn
na ioniypennm n o1peinix o6ac1nx co c1oponi Hnonnn n Ieprannn (nn opno na
+1nx c1pan ne cnoc1nennie ppyrne o1nnn1einie nep1i rnponoro rorymec1na); n
1exnoornnecior o1nomennn ona coxpanne1 a6com1noe npepc1no n nepeponix
o6ac1nx nayin n 1exnnin; n o6ac1n iyi1ypi, necro1pn na neio1opym
npnrn1nnnoc1i, Arepnia noiaye1cn ne nremme ce6e pannix npn1nra1einoc1im,
6
2
Two Hegemonies. Britain 1846-1914 and The United States 1914-2001. Patrick Karl OBrien, Armand Cless (ed.).
Ashgate, Burlington UA, 2002.
oco6enno cpepn roopn ncero rnpa, - nc +1o o6ecnennnae1 Coepnnnnir B1a1ar
non1nnecioe nnnnne, 6naioro io1opory ne nree1 nn opno rocypapc1no rnpa.
Hrenno cone1anne ncex +1nx ne1ipx qai1opon peae1 Arepniy epnnc1nenno
rnpono cnepxpepano n nonor crice +1oro cona, - y1neppa n 1997 r.
6inmn noromnni npeanpen1a . Kap1epa no nanonaino 6eaonacnoc1n S6nrnen
Beanncin
S
.
0pnnrn nmi qai1oparn ra1epnainoro nana peo ne orpannnnoci. Kpymenne
cone1cioro iaaaprennoro conanara 6io nocnpnnn1o Sanapor iai 1opec1no ero
qynparen1ainix ennoc1e - cone1annn n6epaino pinonno +ionornin c
nmpanc1nnecio peroipa1ne, y io1oporo 6oee ne1 ai1epna1nn. Bpnnr nx
on1nrainir napnan1or, a 1er carir nceo6mnr o6paaor pn noppaannn,
o61nnnn ce6n CBA. Hrenno +1o nrea n nnpy nanec1nan qoprya upencnca
uyiynri o ione nc1opnn n nena6eno nrn1ann aanapno, npepe ncero
arepniancio ropen o6mec1na ncern oc1ainirn c1panarn no repe nx
+ionornnecioro, non1nnecioro n pyxonnoro nporpecca. Pacnpoc1panenne
arepniancio nn1epnpe1ann aanapnix ennoc1e nponoaramaoci nicmnr
ropainir poror CBA, o1nenammnr ne 1oiio nx co6c1nennir +ionornnecinr n
reonon1nnecinr nn1epecar, no n npnanannir c1a1i ocnono nono cnc1eri
repynapopnix o1nomenn. B e pariax nr 6ia 6i o1nepena poi
6aroea1einoro rererona-ap6n1pa ionqni1on repy ncern oc1ainirn
rocypapc1narn no nrn o6ecnenennn rnpa n 6eaonacnoc1n - n cynae neo6xopnroc1n c
npnrenenner noopynno cni.
Hrenno 1aio cric niapinacn rocceipe1apr CBA . Beiepor n ero npem o
coapannn nonoro rnponoro nopnpia o1 Baniynepa po Bapnnoc1oia, nipnnny1ym n
roren1 napennn 6epnncio c1eni, a paann1ym aa1er ero npeernne Napen
06pa1 - n onpepeennn CBA iai neo6xopnro nann, 6ea ynac1nn io1opo ne
roe1 pema1icn nn opna cymec1nennan repynapopnan npo6era. Coracno +1o
ornie, 1oiio CBA c nx orpornir no1ennaor cnoco6ni nan1i na ce6n ropaino-
non1nneciym n cnonym o1ne1c1nennoc1i aa cypi6i rnpa n ro6ainor racm1a6e,
n6o rnorononpni rnponopnpoi noiaaa cnom neyc1onnnoc1i n onacnoc1i n pnyx
rnponix, a 6nnonpni - n xoopno nonax.
Poi necyme ionc1pyinn opnononpnoro rnpa c en1por n CBA o1nopnaci BAT0,
coc1an io1opo pacmnpncn paeio na noc1oi aa cn1 6inmnx ynac1nnion cone1cioro
6oia, a qyninn pacnpoc1pannnci nop qaror 6opi6i c racconirn napymennnrn
npan neoneia na nny1pennne ionqni1i n c1panax, pacnooennix paeio aa
npepearn reorpaqnnecio cqepi pec1nnn Bamnnr1oncioro poronopa 1949 r.
Bpnrepor npai1nnecioro npnrenennn +1o poi1pnni, aaipennno na m6nenor
carrn1e ainnca n anpee 1999 r. n ero onepepno c1pa1ernnecio ionennn, c1ao
noopynnoe nrema1eic1no n rpapanciym nony n Krocannn - cnanaa n Bocnnn
n Ieperonnne, aa1er n Kocono, aa io1opir nocepona noennie pec1nnn nne
Enponi - n Aqrannc1ane, Pnnnn n 1.p. Bpnnr +1n pec1nnn paeio ne ncerpa
npepnpnnnranci na ocnone npnnn1nn coo1ne1c1nymme peaomnn CB 00B, na
io1opi e Yc1an noaon rannym o1ne1c1nennoc1i aa noppepanne
7
3
78'4%$9 :+$;'%)<'=. >$.'<02 ?0@"01%02 */)<0. 3$&. ) 0%4.., 6$+*A%0&/*%B$ /1%/?$%'2, 6., 1999 4. !.
36.
repynapopnoro rnpa n 6eaonacnoc1n, a ecn 1aian peaomnn npnnnraaci - 1o e
npepeino pacmnpn1einoro 1oionannn.
Arepnioen1pnnni rnponopnpoi poen 6i onnpa1icn ne 1oiio na BAT0, no n
na cnc1ery ppyrnx (qoprainix nn qai1nnecinx) comaon Bamnnr1ona c nepymnrn
pernonainirn pepanarn no ncex nac1nx cne1a - Benio6pn1anne n Iepranne n
Enpone, Hapaner, Ernn1or, Cayponcio Apanne na Bnner Boc1oie, Hnonne,
Kno Kope, Tananer - n Cenepo-Boc1onno Aann n 1.p. Cnonir c1epner
co1pypnnnec1na c nnrn cya1 coo1ne1c1nymmne ioranponannn noopynnix cn
CBA n nx noennie 6aa, oxna1nnmne npai1nnecin ncm nane1y.
Ecn n nepnie ropi noce iona xoopno noni CBA aare1no coipa1nn cnon
noennie pacxopi n aaipin pnp noennix 6aa aa py6eor (pnnnpenpi rnpa), 1o
ye na py6ee XXI n. onn cnona peaio ynennnnci, npenicnn noonnny o6oponnix
6mpe1on ncex oc1ainix rocypapc1n rnpa nrec1e nan1ix. 31ory cnoco6c1nonaa
penomnn n noennor pee, ocnonannan na mnpoior npnrenennn +ei1ponnix
cpepc1n paanepin, cnnan n cnepx1onnoro nanepennn na ei, n 1or nnce
iocrnnecioro 6aanponannn. Coapanan co6aann1einym nmanm noaronoc1n
6ecion1ai1no noni ny1i n ne c nyenirn no1epnrn, +1a penomnn cnnaa
ncnxoornnecine 6apiepi pn npnrenennn noenno cni n ipnancnix cn1yannx,
cymec1nonanmne no nperena 6nnonpnoro rnpa.
Bon1nnecine n noennie onopi opnononpnoro rnponopnpia, io1opi ni1anci
noc1pon1i CBA, pononnnci ne renee nano +ionornnecio. Em na
aaimnn1einor +1ane B1opo rnpono noni - n 1944 r., iorpa e ynac1nnin 6in
paaopeni n o6eciponeni, CBA n Benio6pn1annn nponen n Bpe11on-Bypce
ionqepennm, pemennn io1opo aaonn ocnoni repynapopno nam1no
cnc1eri na nocenoenni nepnop. Iannir na +1nx pemenn 6io npnpanne
poapy CBA, io1opi cno6opno paarennnacn na aoo1o no qnicnponannory iypcy,
c1a1yca rnpono peaepnno nam1i, no1ecnnnme cnoero npepmec1nennnia n +1o
pon - 6pn1ancin qyn1 c1epnnron.
B Bpe11on-Bypce 6in coapani 1aie pna ocnonnix qnnanconix nnc1n1y1a no
ipepn1onannm rocypapc1n, io1opie ncni1inan 6i oc1pie 1pypnoc1n c
pannonecner 6mpe1a n 1opronoro 6aanca - Nepynapopni nam1ni qonp
(NBu) n Nepynapopni 6ani peionc1pyinn n paann1nn (NBPP), nnocepc1nnn
npenpa1nnmncn no Bcernpni 6ani (BB). Xo1n n nepnor ynpannmmnr pnpei1opor
nnncn enponee, a npeanpen1or n1oporo - arepniane, qai1nnecin o6a
ion1ponponanci CBA, io1opie pacnoaram1 nan6oime poe n nx qnnanconix
peaepnax n, coo1ne1c1nenno, nncor roocon n pyionopnmnx opranax. Xo1n aa non1n 7u
e1, npomepmnx co npern ionqepennn n Bpe11on-Bypce, +ionornnecian n
non1nnecian o6c1anonia n rnpe papniaino narennaci, +1n oprannaann no-
npenery nrpam1 imnenym poi n repynapopno nam1no-qnnancono cnc1ere -
n 2u11 r. nenarn NBu nnnm1cn 187 rocypapc1n, BB - 194.
Bno1i po paanp1inannn rnponoro +ionornnecioro ipnanca 2uu8-2u1u rr. ocnono
nx pen1einoc1n cynn neon6epainie npnnnni, io1opie CBA nac1onnno
npopnnran aa py6eor - cno6opa pnnennn nepea rpanni 1onapon n iann1aon,
noompenne npn6ie nac1nix npepnpnn1n, iai rannoro nc1onnnia nnnec1nn n
c1nrya +ionornnecioro poc1a ny1r cnnennn naoron n rnnnrnaann
8
perynpymme pon rocypapc1na n +ionornie, c6aancnponanne 6mpe1a aa cn1
orpannnennn ero pacxopno nac1n, yipenenne yc1onnnoc1n nam1 n 1.p. Ter carir
+c1aqe1a npe +ionornnecioro n6epanara, cno6opi 1opronn n ropenanannn
(qpn1pepepc1na), nop anarener io1opix nic1ynaa Benio6pn1annn no nperena e
rnponoro rorymec1na no n1opo noonnne XIX n., 6ia nepexnanena c1oe1ner cnyc1n
Coepnnnnirn B1a1arn.
31n npen npno6pen oco6enno mnpoioe pacnpoc1panenne c cepepnni 8u-x rr. XX n.
nop nnnnner npe neon6epaino nniarcio mioi Nn1ona upnprana,
c1anmnx o1npanno 1onio ioncepna1nnno penomnn P. Perana n N. T+1nep.
Boc1opec1nonanman n anrocaiconcinx c1panax, ona npo1nnoc1ona ne 1oiio
m6ir conanc1nnecinr +icnepnren1ar, no n neoiencnancio npai1nie
6oimnnc1na rocypapc1n ion1nnen1aino Sanapno Enponi, mnpoio
ncnoiaonanme rocypapc1nennie nnc1pyren1i n xope nocenoennoro
nocc1anonennn nx paapymenno +ionornin
4
.
Baione, iyi1ypnym coc1annmmym ro6aino rereronnn CBA e c1oponnnin
ycra1pnnan n pacnpoc1panennn no ncery rnpy arepniancinx qopr racconoro
no1pe6ennn n coo1ne1c1nymmnx 1onapnix 6penpon, oco6enno cpepn roopn
(ronnypcinx qniron, pnncono opepi, pec1opanon 6ic1poro nn1annn 1nna
Naiponapc, poi-ryaiin n 1.p.). 0nn c1nrynponan no1oi +rnrpan1on n Boni
Cne1 co ncex ionon cne1a n norone aa rnpaor arepniancio ren1i -
neorpannnenno cno6opi n panenc1na mancon iaporo neoneia.
Anoreer n n 1o e npern nanaor iona ipa1ioro nepnopa opnononpnoro
arepnioen1pnnnoro rnpa nnnoci npeanpen1c1no . Byma-rapmero (2uuu-2uu8
rr.). Ero nepnan npepni6opnan iarnannn c1ponaci na ipn1nie nepecnyp mnpoio n
poporoc1onme nn1epnennonnc1cio non1nin peroipa1on aa py6eor npn
Knn1one n o6emannnx orpannnn1i e paayrnirn npepearn c 1er, n1o6i cpea1i
noarono peanaanm 1papnnonnoro oaynra pecny6nianen - cnnan1 naoronoe
6pern aa cn1 coipamennn pacxopon qepepainoro 6mpe1a n poi rocypapc1na n
+ionornie n eor.
0pnaio painemee paann1ne co6i1n no6ypno aprnnnc1panm Byma-r.
paanepny1i cno iypc n pnare1paino npo1nnonoonor nanpanennn. Nacm1a6nie
1epai1i 11 cen1n6pn 2uu1 r. n Bim-Hopie n Bamnnr1one, nponepnnie rpynno
crep1nnion na +ic1pernc1cio oprannaann Ai-Kanpa no rane c Ycaro 6en
Papenor, nianan n o6mec1nennor rnennn CBA ry6oin ncnxoornnecin moi.
Bnepnie aa 6oee ner pnyxco1e1nmm nc1opnm Coepnnnnix B1a1on arepniani
c1oinynci c yrpoao qnannecio 6eaonacnoc1n na co6c1nenno 1eppn1opnn,
orpapnno pnyrn oieanarn. Boee 1oro, ncarcin qynparen1anar Ai-Kanpi
n nponnx npononepnnion pnxapa - cnnmenno noni npo1nn xpnc1nancinx
ipec1onocen n Hapann 6poca niaon qynparen1ainir ennoc1nr Sanapa,
anarenocar io1opix cnn1an ce6n CBA: cne1cioc1n, peroipa1nn, npanar neoneia,
npepe ncero enmnn, n 1.p.
9
4
> )0"'@ !CD <$=%)'0%)<'$ &$E$-1B -&'"$%2.')F */ >1/&/= "'&/9/= 9/=%B 9 @/*$ -&$/*/.$%'2
-/).$*)19'= >$.'</= *$-&$))'' (%/9B= <A&) G.,. HA;9$.F10) ' /1I0)1' )/@&0%2.')F 9 -/.'1'<$
,$"/<&01'I$)</= -0&1'' 9 -/).$9/$%%B= -$&'/*.
C6inanci, iaaaoci, 1penonie npornoai C+rm+n Xan1nnr1ona o 1or, n1o na creny
ionqni1y npeoorn, nop anaior io1opix npom XX n, n rpnpymer c1oe1nn
roe1 npn1n c1oinonenne nnnnaan, npepe ncero aanapno-xpnc1nancio n
ncarcio, reonon1nnecinr comannior io1opo cnoco6na c1a1i in1acian
S
.
Bpnnr on em n cepepnne 9u-x rr. npepynpepa, n1o npo1nnnnin Sanapa n 6inmer
Tpe1ier rnpe 6ypy1 ni1a1icn npo1nnonoc1ann1i nopannmmery noennory
npenocxopc1ny CBA repynapopni 1eppopnar, oco6enno onacni na qone
1enpennn i pacnpoc1panennm a1ornoro opynn.
Aprnnnc1pann Byma-r. o1ne1na na 1parepnm 11 cen1n6pn 2uu1 r. iopenno
pennane cnc1eri nnemnenon1nnecinx npnopn1e1on CBA, o61nnnn rannir na nnx
nony npo1nn repynapopnoro 1eppopnara n ero noco6nnion - an1opn1apnix
rocypapc1n-naroen, rnorne na io1opix c1pern1cn coapa1i nn aanoynn1i opyne
racconoro ynnn1oennn. 01ne1or na +1n yrpoai poni 6in 6i1i crena penron n
c1panax, o61nnennix Bymer-r. ocim aa (Hpan, Hpai, Cnpnn, Aqrannc1an nop
nac1im 1an6on, yipinanmnx Ben Papena, Cenepnan Kopen n 1.p.), n 1or nnce c
noromim noopynno cni, no nrn peroipa1naann Boimoro Bnnero Boc1oia
o1 A1an1nin po Hnpncioro oieana.
Bpai1nneciym peanaanm +1o nporparri nponopnn nc1pe6i na 6namero
oipyennn Byma-r. n ne nne-npeanpen1a nia Aenn, rnnnc1pa o6oponi
onapa Parcqepa, ero aarec1n1en Boa Boqonna, 1orpa iai e npeoornnecioe
o6ocnonanne nann na ce6n npepc1ann1en ne oco6enno rnoronncennoro, no necira
ai1nnnoro 1enennn neoioncepna1opon, n nac1noc1n Pnnapp Bp n Po6ep1 Keran.
Hpenoe ipepo neoioncepna1opon, cqoprnponanmerocn iai non1nnecioe 1enenne
em n ione 4u-x rr., npnnypnno cone1ao pnp 1papnnonnix oaynron npanoro
ipia pecny6niancio nap1nn - ipn1niy npearepnix pacxopon qepepainoro
6mpe1a, nononneroro aa cn1 naoron, paa6yxannn qepepaino 6mpoipa1nn c
npncyme peroipa1ar cionnoc1im i nn1epnennonnary no nnemne non1nie nop
qaror aamn1i cno6opi n peroipa1nn, npan neoneia, n 1or nnce c noromim
noopynno cni.
Ecn n +noxy 6nnonpnoro rnpa oc1pn +1oro nniconnara n canorax, iai npoanan
poi1pnny neoioncepna1opon arepniancine n6epai, 6io nanpaneno npo1nn CCCP
n iorrynnara, 1o cnyc1n ne1nep1i neia onn nponoaracnn cnonr npo1nnnnior
oco6ie 6oee nn renee an1opn1apnie penri noo6me - o1 Poccnn nn Kn1an po
rycyirancinx c1pan, nnnmmnxcn, no nx rnennm, o61ei1nnnirn comanniarn na
nonne o6me npape6noc1n Sanapy n eor, a CBA n Hapanm n oco6ennoc1n.
C1apoe copennonanne repy n6epanaror n an1oipa1ne cnona nimo na
nonepxnoc1i. Nnponie nenine pepani rnpa nc 6oime nic1pannam1 cnom
nnemnmm non1niy n coo1ne1c1nnn c xapai1epor nx penron. Bpopnaaci napyy
pae c1apan 6opi6a repy papniainirn ncarnc1arn n conperennirn cne1cinrn
iyi1yparn - nepnie o6nnnnm1 n1opix n 1or, n1o onn nponnin nny1pi ncarcioro
rnpa, paanpa1nn ero n nann ero nop cno ion1poi, - nnca Po6ep1 Keran
6
. n
neoioncepna1opon xoopnan nona nniorpa ne ionnnaci - ona nmi crenna
10
5
Samuel Huntington. The Clash of Civilization and The Rise of World Order. Simon and Schuster, London, 1977.
6
Robert Kagan. The Return of History and The End of Dreams. Atlantic Books, London, 2008. P. 4.
ionqpon1anm iann1anara c conanaror npo1nno6opc1nor n6epainoro
iann1anara c an1opn1apnir.
Kpec1oni noxop Byma-r. aa peroipa1naanm Boimoro Bnnero Boc1oia
o6epnycn necira cepianirn nocepc1nnnrn ne 1oiio pn pernona, no n pn carnx
CBA. Xo1n nanainie +1ani noennix pec1nn Coepnnnnix B1a1on n nx
comannion no BAT0 n Aqrannc1ane n Hpaie npnnecn nr, 6aropapn nopannmmery
1exnnneciory npenocxopc1ny, 6ic1pym no6epy na noe 6on, aa paarporor aprn
Cappara Xycena n Tan6ana o1nmpi ne noceponan rnp, c1a6ninoc1i n
peroipa1nn.
Banpo1nn, Hpai na eoe pecn1ne1ne norpyancn n xaoc iponanix repoyco6n
repy coc1annmmnrn ero npape6nirn +1noionqeccnonainirn rpynnarn -
cynnn1arn, mnn1arn, iypparn, a cqoprnponannoe nop panenner arepniancinx
noennix n rpapancinx npepc1ann1ee ioannonnoe npann1eic1no ai Nanin
1ai n ne npno6peo, necro1pn na nponepenne ni6opon, nn ern1nrnoc1i, nn
an1opn1e1. Peayi1a1or oiaaanci co1nn 1icnn ep1n cpepn rpapancioro
naceennn, 2,S rn 6eenen, paaopenne +ionornin c1pani. CBA n nx comannin
1aie nonecn neraie mpcine no1epn, ne ronopn ye o 1or, n1o +1a caran poran
aa ncm nx nc1opnm nona o6omaci n rnran1ciym cyry - non1n 1pnnon poapon.
Nopaino-non1nnecin ymep6 pn o1 npaicio anan1mpi oiaaacn em 6oee
anann1einir. Bpepnpnnn1oe 6ea caninn CB 00B n1openne n Hpai nop npeporor
neo6xopnroc1n npepo1npa1n1i coapanne penror Cappara Xycena npepnoro
opynn o6epnyoci ionqyaor, nocioiiy nniainx cepon ero 1ai n ne ypaoci
o6napyn1i. Nepy 1er npo1nnonpannie pec1nnn oiiynanonnix noci -
eranaann ni1oi, coapanne pn nopoapenaerix n 1eppopnare nennix oco6o
1mpiri na 6aae Iyan1anaro (Ky6a), napena1eic1na nap aaimnennirn n 1mpire
A6y-Ipa6 n caror Hpaie, 1anan nepe6pocia PY nac1n aaimnnnix n c1pani, rpe
npai1niye1cn crep1nan iaani ry6oio pncipepn1nponan nony n Hpaie cpepn
rnponoro o6mec1nennoro rnennn. Nopaini iann1a noni conync1nnn CBA noce
co6i1n 11 cen1n6pn 2uu1 r. 6i 6eapapno pac1panen.
B1openne anro-arepniancio ioannn n Hpai pemn1eino ocypnn 1pn
noc1onnnix nena CB 00B na nn1n - ne 1oiio Poccnn n Kn1a, no n upannn,
noppepannan Iepranne, n1o nianao cari cepiani ipnanc n BAT0 aa ncm
nc1opnm e cymec1nonannn. Xo1n +1o1 ipnanc noc1enenno ypaoci crnrnn1i, ocapin
o1 nero n 1panca1an1nnecinx o1nomennnx coxpannnci naporo.
Baione, opnnr na nocepc1nn noni n Hpaie oiaaaoci npenpamenne aemero
npara BA - Hpaia, na6anennoro o1 npenero 1papnnonnoro conepnnia, n nepymero
npe1enpen1a na pernonainym rereronnm. 31o ne na my1iy nc1penono rannix
comannion CBA na Bnner Boc1oie - Typnm, Cayponciym Apannm, Ernne1, a
rannoe, paayree1cn, Hapani, oco6enno n cnnan c o6nnnennnrn n appec npancioro
1eoipa1nnecioro penra n nopro1onie i coapannm npepnoro opynn.
Ba nepnix nopax roro iaaa1icn, n1o n Aqrannc1ane cn1yann 6ype1 paannna1icn no
nnory cenapnm: noennan nn1epnennn CBA 6ia ern1nrnponana peaomne CB
00B, Cenepoa1an1nnecin coma epnnopymno noppepa e, nanpannn n Aqrannc1an
rnoronanonaini ion1nnren1 (xo1n n yc1ynammn arepnianciory no
11
nncennoc1n npnoe), Poccnn paapemna cna6enne nepea cnom 1eppn1opnm n ne
npenn1c1nonaa coapannm 6aa CBA na 1eppn1opnn cpepneaana1cinx pecny6ni
6inmero CCCP. B 1ainx yconnnx penr 1an6on ponoino 6ic1po no1epne noennoe
nopaenne, nery nerao cnoco6c1nonaa noromi Cenepnoro ainnca - aqrancinx
ya6eion n 1apnion nx npo1nnnniar.
0pnaio nepnie ycnexn CBA n Aqrannc1ane 1onno 1ai e, iai n n Hpaie, ne
npenpa1nnci n non1nneciym no6epy. nnenne Tan6an, onnpammeecn na
ocnonno aqrancin +1noc - nym1ynon, paanepnyo aa1nnym nap1naanciym nony,
yc1anonnn cno qai1nnecin ion1poi nap 6oime nac1im 1eppn1opnn c1pani.
Bac1i ioppyrnnponannoro npann1eic1na arepniancioro c1anennnia npeanpen1a
Xarnpa Kapaan orpannnnaci no cymec1ny nmi c1one - Ka6yor. Aqrannc1an
npenpa1ncn ne 1oiio n onar repynapopnoro 1eppopnara, no n n ipynnemn
en1p nponanopc1na n c6i1a napio1nion n rnpe.
Bapnpy c ynopnir o11openner nym1ynarn m6o nnoc1panno oiiynann, n nr
npnmoci y6epn1icn 6inmery CCCP, a em panime Bpn1ancio nrnepnn, nanemnr
qai1opor, nrpanmnr na pyiy 1an6ar, nnne1cn ai1nnnan noppepia co c1oponi nx
conerennnion n epnnonepen n cocepner Bainc1ane, rpe onn noynam1 y6enme,
opyne, 6oenym nopro1oniy, nnc1pyi1opon. Bpnnr +1y noromi neracno
iooppnnnpym1 cnecy6i, iaaaoci 6i, nc1opnnecioro comannia CBA na
Hnpoc1ancior cy6ion1nnen1e. Bainc1ancine +n1i c1pern1cn npepo1npa1n1i
nponninonenne n Aqrannc1an cnoero nc1opnnecioro npara - Hnpnn.
Xponnnecian nec1a6ninoc1i cn1yann n caror Bainc1ane (pacnoarammer i 1ory
e npepnir opyner), rpe 1aie paanepnyoci pnnenne 1an6on, aac1anna CBA
npn6erny1i i paie1no-6or6onir ypapar no ero norpannnnir nponnnnnr n
nnnnnpona1i creny noenno pni1a1ypi renepaa Bepneaa Nymappaqa
rpapancinr npann1eic1nor. 0pnaio +qqei1nnnoc1i nocepnero oiaaaaci
nernornr nime, ner aqrancioro.
Cepnn neypan arepniancio non1nin na Bnner Boc1oie - 6eccannie n1orn
noni n Hpaie, npo1nnoc1onnne c Hpanor n cnnan c ero npepno npo6ero, aqrano-
nainc1ancian roonooria, naione, npona ncex noni1oi Bamnnr1ona
peannrnpona1i neperonopni npoecc n enx non1nnecioro pemennn napanicio-
naec1nncioro ionqni1a aa1ponyn ne 1oiio ionipe1nie nn1epeci CBA n +1or
imnenor n +ionornnecior n c1pa1ernnecior o1nomennnx pernone nane1i: nop
nonpocor oiaaanci nx npn1naannn na poi rapan1a rnpa n 6eaonacnoc1n n
ro6ainor racm1a6e.
Boimnnc1no anan1nion, n 1or nnce pnp arepniancinx, cxopn1cn na 1or, n1o
co6i1nn nanaa XXI n. oionna1eino noc1annn ipec1 na ionennn opnononpnoro
rnpa. 31o1 ninop ncxopn1 na ne 1oiio na ionc1a1ann cpnnron n coo1nomennn cn
nepymnx pepan na repynapopno apene, no n caroro nonn1nn cni. CBA,
6eayconno, rorn nepe6pocn1i n Hpai nn Aqrannc1an, iai panime no Bie1nar, ne
orpannnenni ion1nnren1 nopnpia 12u-14u 1ic. neonei, a 6oimym nac1i cnonx
noopynnix cn nn pae noo6me c1epe1i +1n c1pani c na Sern c noromim
npepnoro opynn. To e o1nocn1cn n i 6inmery CCCP n nepnop ero cnonoro
nrema1eic1na n aqrancine pea.
12
Ecn Bamnnr1on n Nocina aaneporo ncimnnn 1aio cenapn, 1o no opno n 1o
e onennpno npnnnne. Kaccnnecian qoprya Kayaenna o none iai npopoennn
non1nin nnirn cpepc1narn peaa ero pannoanannir coipymn1einory
ropaino-non1nneciory nopaennm, n6o on nonoc1im pncipepn1npona
coo1ne1c1nymmym cnepxpepany n raaax rnponoro coo6mec1na - iai npo1nnnnion,
1ai n comannion. C ppyro c1oponi +qqei1nnnoc1i an1nnap1naancio nn
an1nnonc1annecio noni c nepenecenner ocnonno 1nec1n 6oenix pec1nn na
nopion1poinie rec1nie nac1n n nx nocia, o6ynaerie nnoc1pannirn
nnc1pyi1oparn, nree1 c1ine orpannnn1en. E ycnex aanncn1 o1 rnoec1na
nenoennix qai1opon, npepe ncero o1nomennn ocnonno racci naceennn i
nnoc1pannir nociar n nx rec1nir noco6nniar, conaino-+ionornnecioro
nooennn n c1pane, e +1noionqeccnonainix 1papnn n 1.p.
ae anann1einie aa1pa1i na +ionornneciym noromi iopennory naceennm ne
pemam1 npo6eri, nocioiiy nx +qqei1 cnnae1cn ioppynne rec1nix nac1e, a
em 6oime no6onnirn napepiarn - nena6enirn no1epnrn cpepn rnpnoro
naceennn n xope 6oenix pec1nn, io1opie niainam1 npape6noc1i rec1nix
n1ee i oiiynan1ar n rnoa1 pnpi pnnennn conpo1nnennn.
Baione, nanemee ananenne nree1 ne 1oiio cn1yann n 1o c1pane, rpe
npncy1c1nye1 nnepnni 1ypa nanne ion1nnren1, no n o1nomenne o6mec1nennoro
rnennn caroro rocypapc1na, npepnpnnnnmero noopynnym nn1epnennm aa py6e.
Aer paime ona aa1nrnnae1cn, ynennnnan mpcine no1epn, qnnanconoe 6pern,
ropainie napepin, 1er 6oee pac11 onnoannn npopoennm noni, noppinan
non1nnecine noannn e nnnna1opon, io1opie ninypeni ncia1i non1nnecioro
pemennn ny1r neperonopon c npo1nnnnior no noaronoc1n 6ea no1epn na.
Pninnpann Ycari Ben Papena arepniancinr cnenaaor n Bainc1ane 6ia npnanana
ne 1oiio pa1i ropainoe ypone1nopenne arepniancinr na6npa1enr, ry6oio
1panrnponannir 1epai1arn 11 cen1n6pn 2uu1 r. n nonicn1i 1er carir manci
06ari na nepena6panne n 2u12 r. Iannan ei aaimnaaci n 1or, n1o6i oca6n1i
Ai-Kanpy n naonpona1i e o1 pnnennn Tan6an, o6ernnn neperonopi c
yrepennir ipior 1an6on, n1o6i nopro1onn1i yconnn pn noc1enennoro ninopa
arepniancinx noci na Aqrannc1ana. 0pnaio cara 1aian nepcnei1nna noppinae1 n
6ea 1oro nnain npec1n npann1eic1na Kapaan. K 1ory e o1iponennoe nonpanne
aine arepnianen cynepenn1e1a Bainc1ana em 6oee yxypmno aqrano-
nainc1ancine o1nomennn, o1 io1opix aanncn1 ne 1oiio pemenne aqrancio
npo6eri, no n painemee npncy1c1nne CBA n pernone.
Cepnn nponaon non1nin CBA na Bnner n Cpepner Boc1oie 6ia cepc1nner ne
npoc1o cynanoro c1enennn ne6aronpnn1nix o6c1on1eic1n nn omn6oi
pyionopc1na c1pani. Em na aaimnn1einor +1ane xoopno noni non1oor Bo
Kennepn poiaaina, n1o rereronnc1cine nonoanonennn m6ix neninx pepan
pano nn noapno niainam1 ionqni1 repy ar6nnoanirn nrnepcinrn enrn n
orpannnennoc1im cpepc1n pn nx poc1nennn. Peayi1a1or oiaainae1cn
nepenanpnenne cn n ynapoi nnnnnn n rnpe ncepc1nne noennix neypan,
+ionornnecinx 1pypnoc1e nn nny1pnnon1nnecinx no1pncenn.
31o1 1eanc, io1opi nopipenncn npeepen1arn nc1opnn upannn,
Benio6pn1annn, Ieprannn, ne aarepn noynn1i nop1neppenne na npnrepe CCCP,
13
a aa1er n CBA. Tpenoni n npopon1eini qai1 aaimnae1cn n 1or, n1o o6man
cyrra ro6ainix nn1epecon n o6naa1eic1n Coepnnnnix B1a1on ropaapo mnpe,
ner c1pana roe1 aamnma1i opnonperenno, - nopnpinna an1op
7
.
Becnoco6noc1i Bamnnr1ona ionnep1npona1i cno iooccainoe noennoe
npenocxopc1no n eaeri non1nnecin peayi1a1 6ia cnnaana c iopennirn
neperenarn ro6ainoro ion1eic1a. Konqni1nie cn1yann cpepn 192 rocypapc1n-
nenon 00B no ncex ionax aernoro mapa c1oi paanoo6paani, n1o ion1ponpona1i
nx na opnoro en1pa qnannecin nenoarono. K 1ory e cynepennie rocypapc1na,
nnnnmnecn co npern Bec1qaicioro ionrpecca 1648 r. epnnc1nennirn
ern1nrnirn cy61ei1arn repynapopnix o1nomenn, no rnoror y1pa1nn +1y
ncimnn1einym npepora1nny.
Beio1opie na nnx, paapnpaerie rpapancinrn nonarn na npeno-non1nnecio
nn +1noionqeccnonaino nonne, ne nrem1 cioiio-nn6ypi peecnoco6nix,
ern1nrnix opranon nac1n, oiaaanmnci no cy1n pea necoc1on1einirn (the faileu
states). Brema1eic1no n nx nny1pennne pea no nrn npepo1npamennn ryrann1apnix
ia1ac1poq n aamn1i rpapancioro naceennn cnomi n pnpor oiaainae1cn
ion1pnpopyi1nnnir, em 6oee yxypman cn1yanm. Hrenno 1ainr oiaaacn
nanenni n1or nn1epnennn CBA n Coran, npenpa1nnmerocn n rneapo ropcioro
nnpa1c1na. Bo 1ory e cenapnm paannnanci n co6i1nn 2u11 r. n Pnnnn.
B 6oee mnpoior nane oni1 Hpaia, Aqrannc1ana, Coran npoperonc1pnpona
necoc1on1einoc1i caro npen nacnic1nenno creni penra (the eie hae) n
c1pon1eic1na nann (the ati ilui), na npnnnnax aanapno peroipa1nn,
nnnnmnxcn ocnono c1pa1ernn arepniancinx neoioncepna1opon.
K 1ory e napnpy c cynepennirn rocypapc1narn nc 6oee anann1eini nec
npno6pe1am1 nac1nie ai1opi, ne nnnmmnecn cy61ei1arn repynapopnoro npana -
nenpann1eic1nennie oprannaann (BB0), 1pancnanonainie iopnopann (TBK),
1eppopnc1nnecine en1pi, ce1n 1pancrpannnno oprannaonanno npec1ynnoc1n,
aannrammnecn 1oprone napio1niarn, opyner, mpirn n 1.p. C1a1i poc1a1onno
an1opn1e1nir nap1npor opnnx n npo1nnnnior ppyrnx pae cnepxpepana n
opnnoniy ne n coc1onnnn - pn ycnemnoro ninonennn +1nx qynin neo6xopnri
coraconannie ycnnn ncex nn xo1n 6i 6oimnnc1na rocypapc1n n pariax
rnoroc1oponnnx nnc1n1y1on na pernonainor nn ro6ainor yponnnx.
Nopaino-non1nnecian penainann noenno romn CBA, io1opan neyionno
nporpeccnpye1 nonpein o1cy1c1nnm y nnx necororo ioniypen1a no o61ry
o6oponnix pacxopon, poc1nrammnx noonnny rnponix, ycyry6ne1cn
+ionornnecinrn qai1oparn.
Boce B1opo rnpono noni, na io1opo iai no6epn1en, 1ai n no6epnnie
nenine pepani Enponi n Aann nimn paaopnnirn n paapymennirn,
Coepnnnnie B1a1i nnnnci 6eccnopnir rereronor: na nnx npnxopnoci 4S
o6mero o61ra ro6ainoro BBB. Xo1n noneia cnyc1n +1a pon coipa1naci
nanoonnny nnnpy nocc1anonennn na conperenno ocnone n 6ic1poro poc1a
+ionornin Enponi, c1nrynpyero nn1erpane, n Hnonnn Coepnnnnie B1a1i nc
14
7
Paul Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Fontana Press, London, 1988. P. 666.
em oc1am1cn nepno +ionornio rnpa: onn nponanopn1 non1n ne1nep1i
ro6ainoro BBB, nacnn1inan nmi S naceennn nane1i.
Ter ne renee, ramnna arepniancio +ionornin pa1 nc 6oee aare1nie c6on.
Iannir pnnra1eer e ncerpa 6i n oc1a1cn nicoin yponeni nny1pennero
no1pe6ennn - nac1noro, nponanopc1nennoro, nnnec1nnonnoro. B 1o e npern
noennie pacxopi, anann1einan nac1i io1opix aa py6eor - na noni n Hpaie n
Aqrannc1ane, copepanne noennix 6aa, noopynnix cn, noromi comanniar na
Bnner n ainer Boc1oie, o6xopn1cn nc popoe.
01cmpa - xponnnecin peqnn1 qepepainoro 6mpe1a, npepnpnn1n n cere. K
iony nepnoro pecn1ne1nn XXI n. rocpor CBA nno1nym npn6nancn i o61ry BBB
c1pani (14,S 1pn poapon). 31o1 iooccaini naccnn poroe npern
iornencnponacn aa cn1 ipepn1a - nnainx yn1nix c1anoi uepepaino peaepnno
cnc1eri n ninycia na pinoi iaananecinx o6nran. Co cnoe c1oponi nac1nie
6anin nciycc1nenno naiannnan nny1pennmm ninnpnoc1i ninycior pepnna1nnon -
n1opnnnix n ipepn1no-qnnanconix nnc1pyren1on, paeio ne ncerpa o6ecnenennix
poxoparn nx pepa1ee. Hnirn conarn, na npo1nennn rnornx e1 CBA
cnc1era1nnecin nn ne no cpepc1nar. Pano nn noapno nr npepc1on nerin
ni6op repy cnnenner noiyna1eino cnoco6noc1n 6oimnnc1na
naorona1eimnion, npnnapeamnx i cpepnery iaccy, n1o 1pypno ce6e
npepc1ann1i no nny1pnnon1nnecinr npnnnnar, n cnp1inanner rocypapc1nennix
pacxopon, n 1or nnce noennix.
Pecny6niancian aprnnnc1pann . Byma-r. em 6oee ycyry6na cn1yanm - ona
peaio ynennna 6mpe1nie pacxopi, n nac1noc1n, na noni n Hpaie n Aqrannc1ane,
no n 1o e npern coipa1na naorn, oco6enno na aan1onnie con naceennn,
napenci c1nrynpona1i cnpoc, nonicn1i 1erni poc1a BBB n o6ecnenn1i npnereri
yponeni aann1oc1n.
Peayi1a1or +1o npo1nnopennno non1nin c1ao neyionnoe yry6enne
c1pyi1ypnix pnc6aancon - o1pin rnnep1poqnponanno qnnancono cqepi o1
peaino +ionornin, paapynanne cneiyn1nnnix nyaipe, npepe ncero n o6ac1n
nno1ennoro ipepn1onannn, io1opoe ninoci ocenim 2uu7 r. n cari ry6oin co
npern Benio penpeccnn nanaa Su-x rr. XX n. qnnancono-+ionornnecin ipnanc. B
yconnnx paeio aamepme ro6anaann on npno6p rop cnyc1n rnpono racm1a6.
C1pernci npepo1npa1n1i napann ipepn1no cnc1eri, cnoco6ni niana1i peaioe
napenne nponanopc1na, 1opronn n poc1 6eapa6o1ni, npann1eic1na ncex c1pan rnpa
npn6ern i raccnponannory nnnannm peneno ninnpnoc1n n iorrepnecine n
nnnec1nnonnie 6anin, a 1aie neio1opie o1pacn nporimennoc1n, n nac1noc1n
an1oc1poenne, npepnpnn1nnr io1opix rpoano 6anipo1c1no. B CBA n EC o6mn
o61r 6mpe1nix ipepn1on nac1nory cei1opy npn6nancn i 1 1pn poapon.
0cnonnan ei +1nx npeaninanix rep 6ia poc1nrny1a: cnyc1n no1opa-pna ropa
nnaman 1onia ipnanca 6ia npopena n ye n 2u1u r. poc1 rnponoro BBB
noao6nonncn, xo1n n aarepennirn 1ernarn. Brec1e c 1er nena6enir cepc1nner
poc1a rocypapc1nennix pacxopon c1ao painemee paa6yxanne 6mpe1nix
peqnn1on n poron. 0no oiaaaoci oco6enno 6oeanennir ne 1oiio pn nanrenee
nponnix anenien aoni enpo n EC (Ipenn, Bop1yrann, Hpanpnn), no n pn caro
15
romno +ionornin rnpa - CBA, aac1annn npann1eic1no n Konrpecc c1io
orpannnn1i pacxopi c pncior coipa1n1i cnpoc, aa1nny1i noanpa1 i +ionornneciory
poc1y n ycnn1i conainym nanpnnnoc1i.
Iannir ypoior ipnanca 2uu8-2u1u rr., io1opi npno6p cnc1erni xapai1ep,
nnnaci pncipepn1ann neon6epaino +ionornnecio ropen CBA,
cqoprynponanno Bamnnr1oncinr ioncencycor n npeparanmecn n ianec1ne
o6paaa ncery rnpy. Ecn arepniancian nepcnn iann1anara pncipepn1nponana ne
nonoc1im, 1o ona no renime repe ne nnne1cn 6oee pornnnpymme, -
ionc1a1nponan npepcepa1ei en1pa ro6ainoro paann1nn CBA B+ncn Bppce n
nanec1ni non1oor upencnc uyiynra. - B npepc1onmne ropi nc1opnin 6ypy1
paccra1pnna1i qnnanconi ipnanc iai ione arepniancioro pornnnponannn n
rnponix peax. Tenpennn i qoprnponannm rnorononpnoro rnpa nanaaci ropaapo
panime - ipymenne aanapnix qnnanconix pinion n repn1einoc1i nx
nocc1anonennm nmi yciopnn +1o1 npoecc
8
.
Banemnr ro6ainir qai1opor, nopipennnmnr +1o ninop, 6i ne 1oiio
ipnanc arepniancioro napnan1a ropen n6epainoro iann1anara Sanapa, no n
qan1ac1nnecin npopin ncninammnx rnran1on Aann - npepe ncero Kn1an,
Hnpnn, c1pan ACEAB, a 1aie Bpaannn, Typnn, Kno Aqpnin n 1.p. Coepnnnn
nencnepnaerie pecypci pemno pa6one cni c aanapnirn iann1aarn n
1exnoorne, onn onepepnn CBA n Enpocoma no cpepneroponir 1ernar poc1a BBB n
S-4 paaa. Sarepenne +1nx 1ernon no npern rnponoro ipnanca 6io cpannn1eino
orpannnennir n nepornr, a nocc1anonenne - ropaapo 6oee 6ic1pir, ner na
Sanape.
C1an na npo1nennn nann opnoro noioennn n1opo noce CBA pepano no
o61ry BBB, Kn1a c nanaa XXI n. nponno y1neppncn n pon rac1epcio rnpa,
io1opym c1oe1ner panee nrpaa Benio6pn1annn, a aa1er Coepnnnnie B1a1i.
Bicoian ioniypen1ocnoco6noc1i in1acioro +icnop1a no1pe6n1eicinx 1onapon, n
1or nnce nicoio1exnoornnnix, c1nrynpyeran nnainr iypcor nanonaino
nam1i - mann, o6ecnennn ery anann1eini ai1nn 1opronoro 6aanca, npepe
ncero c CBA, pan noaronoc1i naionn1i orpornie aoo1onam1nie peaepni
nopnpia 2 1pn poapon. Bpnnr anann1einym nac1i nx coc1annm1 iaananecine
o6nrann CBA.
06ocnonanno cornenanci n nponnoc1n noann poapa iai rnpono peaepnno
nam1i n oc1po nypanci n cipie, npepe ncero +nepronocn1enx, neo6xopnrix pn
noppepannn nicoinx 1ernon +ionornnecioro poc1a, Kn1a npn6er i
mnpoioracm1a6nory +icnop1y iann1aa - ciynie ai1nnon po6inammnx iarnann aa
py6eor - o1 Aqpnin po carnx Coepnnnnix B1a1on. Boni1in arepnianen
cpepa1i na1nci in1acioro +icnop1a 1onapon n iann1aon na rnponix, n 1or nnce
arepniancior piniax 1pe6onannnrn nonicn1i iypc mann nop yrpoao nnepennn
npo1einonnc1cinx 1aroennix 1apnqon ne ynennanci ycnexor.
Bpopin ncninammnx c1pan, narennnmn 6aanc cn n +ionornie nane1i, ne
ror ne o1paan1icn na c1pyi1ype repynapopno nam1no-qnnancono cnc1eri n
16
8
Nancy Birdsall and Francis Fukyuama. The Post-Washington Consensus. Development after the crisis. Foreign
Affairs, Match-April 2011, vol. 90, N 2. P. 46, 52.
onop e apxn1ei1ypi - nnc1n1y1ax, coapannix no nnnna1nne CBA noce B1opo
rnpono noni.
Em n 1971 r. aprnnnc1pann npeanpen1a P. Bnicona, c1oinynmancn na qone ronin
noopyenn c CCCP n aamepme n 1ynni n none no Bie1nare c cepianirn
qnnanconirn npo6erarn, o61nnna o npeipamennn cno6opnoro o6rena poapa na
aoo1o n nepexopa i ero nanammery iypcy. NBu pononn poap CBA n ianec1ne
cpepc1na na1ea ninycior yconno peneno epnnni - cnenainix npan
aanrc1nonannn (CBS), ocnonanno na iopanne na nn1n nan6oee napnix
nanonainix nam1. Bepexop Enpocomaa n ione 9u-x rr. XX n. i epnno nam1e -
enpo no6ypn nepymnx 1opronix nap1npon EC, n 1or nnce Poccnm, nimnn1i ero n
c1pyi1ypy cnonx aoo1onam1nix peaepnon napanne c poapor. Bonnnnci pae
npoei1i noanpa1a rnpono +ionornin i aoo1ory c1anpap1y.
Ba +1or qone npennn c1pyi1ypa NBu n BC, pyionopc1no io1opo nopenn repy
co6o arepniani n enponei, iai n +qqei1nnnoc1i connmecn n 7u-x rr.
cerpin - rpynni nepymnx nnpyc1pnainix c1pan Sanapa n Hnonnn (-7)oiaaaaci
nop nonpocor. B ione 9u-x rr. n cerpiy 6ia npnnn1a Poccnn (-8), a n paarap
rnponoro ipnanca 2uu8-2u1u rr. e pononna, a qai1nnecin aarenna pnapa1ia c
ynac1ner ncninammnx rocypapc1n Aann, Aqpnin, Pa1nncio Arepnin. Hrenno na
e carrn1ax o6cypam1cn o1nine imnenie npo6eri - cnoco6i npepo1npamennn
nonix ipnancon, peqopra rnpono nam1no-qnnancono apxn1ei1ypi, 6opi6a c
no1enenner inra1a n 1.p., o1 pemennn io1opix aanncn1 6ypymee neonenec1na.
Baione, npn1naannn CBA na poi nepmnni rnpono nnnnaann ne renee
aare1no, ner n +ionornie, noma1nynci n n o6ac1n iyi1ypi. Nonononm
Ionnypa n Aann nopopnaa Hnpnn (Bonnyp), arepniancinx CNH n apa6cior
rnpe - 1eeianai Ai-aanpa n Ai-Apa6nn. Poaynrn y1neppennn nanonaino
npen1nnnoc1n, noanpa1a i nc1oiar noynnn mnpoioe pacnpoc1panenne ne 1oiio
n Aann, Aqpnie, Pa1nncio Arepnie, no n n Enpone.
Arepnianciory non1oory . Bam-r. npnnapen1 aacyra nnepennn n o6opo1
nonn1nn rnrian cna (ft e) - non1nnecioro, +ionornnecioro, iyi1ypnoro
nnnnnn. Nnrian cna, no ero rnennm, npnanana rapronnnno pononn1i c1iym
- noennoe rorymec1no
9
.
Nepy 1er n nepnop npe6inannn y nac1n pecny6niancio aprnnnc1pann .
Byma-r. (2uuu-2uu8 rr.) npec1n CBA n rnpe onyc1ncn po caro nnaio 1onin.
31ory cnoco6c1nonan ne 1oiio neypann noopynnix nn1epnenn n Hpaie n
Aqrannc1ane, no n o6mn arpeccnnni c1ni e nnemne non1nin - npnnn1ne
pemenn n opnoc1oponner nopnpie 6ea ioncyi1an n 1er 6oee opo6pennn
comannion, ynop na noennoe pemenne cnopnix npo6er, o1iaa o1 m6ix
o6naa1eic1n, orpannnnnammnx cno6opy pec1nn Bamnnr1ona (Kno1cioro
npo1oioa o6 orpannnennn ni6pocon napnnionix raaon n a1rocqepy, Yc1ana
Nepynapopnoro yroonnoro 1pn6ynaa, nixop na oronopa 1971 r. o6 orpannnennn
BP0 c Poccne, 6eaoronoponnan noppepia non1nin Hapann, niananme napann
rnpnoro npoecca, n 1.p.).
17
9
Joseph S. Nay. The Future of American Power. Foreign Affairs, December 2010.
Arepniancine neoioncepna1opi ni1anci nepeon1i o1ne1c1nennoc1i aa peaioe
yxypmenne o6paaa CBA ne 1oiio n c1panax 6inmero Tpe1iero rnpa, oco6enno
rycyirancinx, no n n Enpone na carnx enponeen. Bpnmo npern nepec1a1i
pea1i nnp n1o y enponeen n arepnianen opnn n 1o1 e narnp na rnp n pae n1o
onn nny1 n opnor n 1or e rnpe. By1n Arepnin n Enponi pacxopn1cn no carory
nanory nonpocy o cne, o e +qqei1nnnoc1n, ropan n ea1einoc1n. Enpona
niiaainae1 o1npamenne i cne nn, ecn narnny1i na +1o necioiio nnane, o6xopn1
e c1opono, nc1ynan n caropoc1a1onni rnp aaionon, npann, repynapopnix
neperonopon n co1pypnnnec1na, - y1neppa neoioncepna1op Po6ep1 Keran
1u
.
0pnaio ney1emn1einie nocepc1nnn nopo6no non1nin pn 1panca1an1nnecinx
o1nomenn ne aac1annn ce6n pa1i. 06 nx nena6enoc1n panno npepynpepan
peanc1nnecin ricnmne anan1nin, n 1or nnce n carnx CBA. Kone xoopno
noni peaio coipa1n ananenne noenno romn Coepnnnnix B1a1on pn Enponi,
o16pocnn openo 6eaonacnoc1n, io1opoe noanono o6enr c1oponar npnipina1i nn
paapema1i cnon +ionornnecine cnopi na 6aro coxpanennn an1niorrynnc1nnecioro
ainnca, - ionc1a1npona pnpei1op arepniancioro Hnc1n1y1a repynapopno
+ionornin u. Beprc1en. - 01nine o1nomennn repy Coepnnnnirn B1a1arn n
Enponecinr comaor 6ypy1 nc 6oime ocnonina1icn na nnp1yainor panenc1ne.
CBA poni 6ypy1 n6o npncnoco6n1icn i +1o nono peainoc1n, n6o
ocymec1nn1i cepnm apieprappnix o6oponn1einix 6on, io1opie oiay1cn nc
6oee poporoc1onmnrn n 6ecnoeanirn, nopo6no 1ory, iai +1o pean anrnnane na
npo1nennn rnornx pecn1ne1n ynapia nx npnpymme pon
11
.
K 1ory e ninopy noc1enenno npnmn n ne1epani arepniancioro
nnemnenon1nnecioro nc1e6nmren1a - Ienpn Knccnnpep n S6nrnen Beanncin,
nnnnmnecn n cno npern cone1nniarn no nanonaino 6eaonacnoc1n (a n1opo - n
rocceipe1apr)pnyx npeanpen1on - pecny6niana P. Bnicona n peroipa1a .
Kap1epa. Xapai1epno, n1o nn 1o1, nn ppyro o1nmpi ne c1ann1 nop nonpoc
neo6xopnroc1i ro6ainoro npepc1na CBA, npepc1anneroro n ianec1ne
o6naa1einoro yconnn coapannn yc1onnnoro rnponopnpia. Boernia repy
pecny6nianarn n peroipa1arn, a n pnpax 1ex n ppyrnx ioncepna1oparn n
n6epaarn, nc1pe6arn n roy6nrn, nopo necira oc1pan, np1 no cymec1ny
nmi noipyr ni6opa on1nrainix cnoco6on coxpanennn arepniancioro npepc1na n
6ic1po rennmmercn ro6ananponannor rnpe.
Bo repe 1oro, iai ynn1epanc1cin iypc aprnnnc1pann . Byma-r. nnno aaxopn
n 1ynni, ero ipn1nin nc nac1onnnee po6nnanci apan1ann nnemnenon1nnecioro
iypca Bamnnr1ona i nonir peannr. Hrenno n +1or coc1ona cy1i peiorenpan I.
Knccnnpepa n S. Beanncioro, cqoprynponannix n nx pa6o1ax, nimepmnx n cne1
na npo1nennn nyenix ropon nepnoro pecn1ne1nn XXI n.
12
06mn ninop o6onx
na1pnapxon arepniancio nnemne non1nin cnopn1cn i 1ory, n1o n conperennix
yconnnx npnroe pornnnponanne opno o1peino nan1o pepani n nrnepcior
18
10
Robert Kagan. Power and Weakness. Policy Review, N 113, 2002.
11
La Lettre de Cofremca Sociovision,Paris, 1998. P. 19-20.
12
!".: #$%&' ('))'%*+$&. JA+%0 .' D"$&'<$ 9%$?%22 -/.'1'<0? ( *'-./"01'' *.2 XXI 9$<0. 3$&. ) 0%4..,
50*/"'&, 6., 2002 4.; 78'4%$9 :+$;'%)<'=. >B8/&. 6'&/9/$ 4/)-/*)19/ '.' "'&/9/$ .'*$&)19/. 3$&. )
0%4.., 6$+*A%0&/*%B$ /1%/?$%'2, 6., 2007 4.; 78. :+$;'%)<'=. KLM /*'% ?0%). N&' -&$;'*$%10 ' <&';')
0"$&'<0%)</= )9$&@*$&+09B. 6$+*A%0&/*%B$ /1%/?$%'2, 6., 2007 4.
crice +1oro cona - a eiaa ne nree1 nn nepcnei1nn, nn pae crica.
Bepxonnan o1ne1c1nennoc1i aa cypi6i rnpa o6xopn1cn nepecnyp poporo. B 1o e
npern yionn1icn o1 ne arepniani ne nrem1 npana, nocioiiy apeina1no
aareni ne cymec1nye1.
B 1ainx yconnnx nixop na nooennn pncye1cn n nnpe ne noanpa1a i
rnorononpnory rnpy po B1opo rnpono, nn 6nnonpnory n nepnop xoopno
noni, a coapannn cnoero popa nnparnpaino c1pyi1ype c epnnc1nenno
ro6aino cnepxpepano - CBA, pecn1ia ipynnix pepan pernonainoro yponnn,
pannonecne repy io1opir noppepnna 6i Bamnnr1on, nopo6no Benio6pn1annn n
Enpone npern ionep1a, n noy1opa co1nnrn oc1ainix - cpepnnx n raix,
ionqni1i repy io1opirn pemanci 6i nepea cnc1ery comaon nop arepniancio
+rnpo, npepe ncero BAT0.
Pncyn iap1nny 1aioro acnrre1pnnnoro rnpa, Beanncin ponyciae1, 1er ne renee,
n 6oee nn renee o1pannor 6ypymer noaronoc1i npno6pe1ennn o1peinirn
pernonainirn pepanarn ro6ainoro ian6pa - n nepnym onepepi Kn1aer: Ni
poni npnnn1i neo6xopnroc1i iornporncca (c in1aarn), nonnn, n1o nn onn, nn
ri ne aann1epeconani n ionqni1e. Ni roer naneni na paayrnoro iornporncca
6oimne niropi, - nopnpinna on n nn1epnim qpanyacio raae1e Nonp
1S
.
Em 6oe nac1onnno +1y e npem paannnae1 Knccnnpep n o61rnc1o pa6o1e 0
Kn1ae, rpe an1op ne 1oiio ncnornnae1 o cnor co6c1nennor oni1a nnonepa
arepniano-in1acioro pnaora n nanae 7u-x rr. npomoro c1oe1nn, no n
qoprynpye1 npepoennn na 6ypymee. 01nomennn repy Kn1aer n Coepnnnnirn
B1a1arn ne poni c1a1i nrpo c nyeno cyrro 0c1poe copennonanne repy
nnrn 6oee nepon1no n +ionornnecio n conaino, ner n noenno cqepe, -
y1neppae1 on
14
. 01cmpa 6inmn rocceipe1api peae1 ninop o noaronoc1n
co1pypnnnec1na rocypapc1n ATP, CBA n Kn1an, a 1aie Hnonnn, Hnponeann, Bie1nara,
Hnpnn, Anc1pann, o6paaor io1oporo roro 6i cyn1i 1panca1an1nnecioe
co1pypnnnec1no noce B1opo rnpono noni.
Ter ne renee, nopo6nan anaornn npnp n ioppei1na. Boce B1opo rnpono noni
Enpona 6ia ipane oca6ena +ionornnecin, a non1nnecin napanaonana c1paxor
nepep CCCP, n1o o6ecnenno CBA 6eapaapeinym rereronnm n aanapnor rnpe.
noneia cnyc1n o6a +1a qai1opa ymn n npomoe. B conperenno Aann e +ionornia
paeio o6ornaa no 1ernar poc1a iai Enpony, 1ai n CBA. 0nacennn e aana1on nepep
pac1yme noenno romim Kn1an no6ypam1 nx ciopee ncia1i cnoco6i
co1pypnnnec1na c nnr, neen po6nna1icn y CBA rapan1n 6eaonacnoc1n,
cornn1einym nenapenoc1i io1opix narnpno noiaaan ypoin Bie1nara n
npomor n Aqrannc1ana n nac1onmer.
Boee peanc1nnni anana npnnnn neypan nnemne non1nin CBA aa nocepnee
pecn1ne1ne n peiorenpann pn nx npeopoennn npeparae1 nnpni arepniancin
non1oor rapmero noioennn uapnp Saiapnn, ranni pepai1op repynapopnoro
napannn ypnaa Bimcyni n iorren1a1op 1eeianaa . Bypynn no
nponcxopennm nnpner-rycyirannnor, on ynme rnornx ero ioer n c1pane,
19
13
Le Monde, 31 mars 2011.
14
Henry Kissinger. On China. Allen Lane, London, 2011. P. 523-525.
c1anme ero n1opo popnno, nnpn1 o61ei1nnnie peann ro6ananponannoro rnpa
XXI n., io1opi 6ecnonopo1no c1a rnorononpnir. Ba noenno-non1nnecior
yponne ri oc1arcn n rnpe epnnc1nenno cnepxpepano. Bo no ncex ppyrnx
o1nomennnx - nporimennor, qnnanconor, o6paaona1einor, conainor,
iyi1ypnor pacnpepeenne romn yxopn1 nc paime o1 arepniancioro
pornnnponannn. 31o ne oananae1, n1o ri nc1ynaer n an1narepniancin rnp. Bo ri
pnnercn n c1oponi noc1-arepniancioro rnpa, onpepeneroro n pyionopnroro na
rnornx rec1 n rnornrn mpirn, - nnme1 on
1S
.
Saiapnn ynpeiae1 arepnianen n 1or, n1o onn nepecnyp caroycnoionnci, cro1pn1 ne
n 6ypymee, a n npomoe. 0nn cocpepo1onnnam1, no ero rnennm, cnon +ionornnecine n
non1nnecine npnopn1e1i, npepe ncero, na coxpanennn c1a1yc-ino, io1opoe
o1nenae1 nn1epecar co6c1nennix nnn1einix +n1 n ia1eropn na6npa1ee.
Hrenno 1ai cynnoci n cno npern c Benio6pn1anne, nponrpanme copennonanne
c Iepranne. Nepy 1er ppyrne napopi na6pan cnonrn npnopn1e1arn 1o, n1o
onpepen1 nec c1pan na rnpono apene n nepcnei1nne - nnqpac1pyi1ype, noennnx
n neonenecin iann1a (appanooxpanennn, o6paaonannn), naynnix nnnonannx.
ae ro6anaann, io1opan em nepanno cnn1aaci rannir ioaiper CBA, nanaa
pa6o1a1i npo1nn nnx: +icnop1 coc1anne1 nmi 1u arepniancioro BBB, 1orpa iai y
rnornx enponecinx, a 1enepi n aana1cinx c1pan n paai 6oime
16
.
Em 6oee onpepenno n 1or e pyxe niciaainam1cn pna oqnepa noopynnix cn
CBA - iann1an Bop1ep n noionnni Nni6n n anan1nnecio aanncie nop
aaroonior Banonaini c1pa1ernnecin pnciypc, nopro1onenni pn
Nepynapopnoro en1pa Byppo Bnicona. Hx ocnonno 1eanc cnopn1cn i 1ory, n1o
CBA nrem1 manc coxpann1i cnom poi cninemero ioniypen1a n nan6oee
nnn1einoro nrpoia n ry6oio naanrocnnaanno ro6aino cnc1ere XXI n. nmi n
1or cynae, ecn onn 6ypy1 nnnec1npona1i ne c1oiio n o6opony, cioiio n nponnoe
npone1anne n nnc1pyren1i co1pypnnnec1na n nane1apnor racm1a6e
17
.
Toniy apennn Saiapnn paapenm1 rnorne enponei, n raaax io1opix co6i1nn na
Bnner Boc1oie n non1nnecior nane, a rnpono ipnanc - n +ionornnecior
noc1annn nop nonpoc ynnnepcainoc1i arepniancio ropen iann1anara,
o61nnenno noce ipymennn CCCP ionor nc1opnn. Binmn nperiep-rnnnc1p
Benio6pn1annn Ioppon Bpayn o1rena, n1o aa nocepnne pna pecn1ne1nn n rnpe
nponaom cari anann1eini cpnnr n pacc1anonie nponanopn1einix cn co
npern nepno nporimenno penomnn: nnepnie n nc1opnn Arepnia n Enpona
nrec1e nan1ie nponanen, o6pa6o1an, +icnop1nponan n nnnec1nponan renime,
ner oc1aino rnp.
B 1enenne cepymmnx 2u e1, y1neppae1 on, 1aio e cpnnr nponaop1 n n cqepe
no1pe6ennn - ncernpni cpepnn iacc ynennn1cn n1poe, a Aann npenaop1 CBA
no o61ry no1pe6ennn n1poe. B 1ainx yconnnx Sanap roe1 coxpann1i cnom poi n
6ypymer rnpe 1oiio eno raccnponannix nnnec1nn n nayiy, 1exnniy,
nponanopc1no no1pe6n1eicinx 1onapon pn aana1cioro cpepnero iacca. A +1o
20
15
Fareed Zakaria. The Post-American World. Allen Lane, London, 2008. P. 5.
16
Fareed Zakaria. Are Americas Best Days Behind Us? Time, March 14, 2011.
17
A National Strategic Narrative. Woodrow Wilson Center. 2011.
npepnoarae1 a6com1ni npnopn1e1 noenn n co6c1nenni neonenecin
no1enna - o6paaonanne, appanooxpanenne, nnqpac1pyi1ypy. B npo1nnnor cynae
rnnoni mpe na Sanape 6ypy1 o6peneni na pn1einym 6eapa6o1ny n
nnme1y, - aaimnae1 Bpayn
18
.
Ero coo1enec1nennni - 6pn1ancin conoor Yn Xa11on o1renae1, n1o 1aio
c1pa1ernnecin nonopo1 no1pe6ye1 nepecro1pa npeo6apanme po ipnanca
conaino-+ionornnecio ropen. Bepni nonpoc cnnaan c npeopoenner
xapai1epnoro pn Yo-c1pn1 nonnrannn npoecca renepnponannn c1onroc1n iai
ipa1iocponnoro qnnanconoro nnnnnpnnra. Beo6xopnro pa1ona1i aa 6oee 1onin n
iorneicni narnp na coapanne 6ora1c1na iai na conaino-oprannaanonni
npoecc, a ne 1oiio reponnecioe nponnenne nnpnnnpyanara. B1opoe: nano
nac1anna1i na 1or, n1o CBA, iai n Enpona, nypam1cn n +qqei1nnnor o6mec1nennor
poronope, oxna1inammer n 6epnym noonnny arepniancioro naceennn.
Bepanenc1no, nmennn n cnnenne conaino ro6ninoc1n mpe ne rory1
noompn1icn n c1oi 6ora1o n o6apamme c1oi 6aropopnirn npeaarn c1pane,
iai Arepnia. Tpe1n n, noarono, cari nani nonpoc coc1on1 n 1or, n1o CBA
poni coo1ne1c1nona1i co6c1nennir ipn1epnnr peroipa1nn. Benpannino, iorpa
epnnc1nennir poc1onnc1nor, neo6xopnrir pn noynennn rocypapc1nenno
ponoc1n, c1anonn1cn 6ora1c1no
19
.
Tainr o6paaor, na Sanape nnoni c1oinynci pne ropen pinonno +ionornin -
arepniancian n enponecian, o copennonannn io1opix em n nanae 9u-x rr. XX n.
nnca qpanyacin +ionornc1 Nnmei Ai6ep
2u
. Arepnianciory (1onnee
anrocaiconciory) neon6epainory iann1anary, io1opory cnoc1nenni
rnnnrnaann perynpymme pon rocypapc1na n npnopn1e1 cneiyn1nnnix
qnnanconix onepan, npnnocnmnx nerepennym npn6ii, on npo1nnonoc1ann
enponecio (pencio, 1.e. npepe ncero reprancio) c ero ynopor na
porocponnie nnnec1nnn n peaini, oco6enno nporimenni cei1op, nopi
io1opix pacnpepenm1cn c noromim rocypapc1na repy ncern conainirn
nap1nparn. Ecn c iona 7u-x rr. XX n. na Sanape npenanpona nepni, 1o c
paanp1inanner rnponoro ipnanca 2uu8-2u1u rr. n1opo nan penanm.
B cqepe repynapopnix non1nnecinx o1nomenn ionennn +1nx ropee
npnnnrae1 qopry ionqni1a pnyx cenapnen rnpoyc1poc1na - opnonomcnoro c
en1por n CBA n rnorononpnoro, rpe paannnie iornonen1i cni - c1io n
rnrio pacnpepeeni repy paannnirn nomcarn acnrre1pnnno. B noenno
romn roe1 npeo6apa1i opnn, n +ionornnecio ppyro, n iyi1ypno 1pe1n: Ni
nc1ynnn n +py o1nocn1einoro rorymec1na, - nopnpinnae1 npeanpen1 upannn
Bnion Capioan
21
.
Xapai1epno, n1o +1a qoprya npnnapen1 o1nmpi ne an1narepniannc1y, a
nanpo1nn, no oenie noca CBA n Bapne, carory npoarepnianciory npeanpen1y n
nocenoenno nc1opnn upannn (coo1ne1c1nymman 1eerparra 6ia npepana
21
18
Gordon Brown. Take Back the Future. Newsweek, May 23-30, 2011.
19
O'.. P011/%. 6'&, 9 </1/&/" "B +'9M". 3$&. ) 0%4.. 50*/"'&, 6., 2004 4. !. 468-469.
20
Michel Albert. Capitalisme contre capitalisme. Seuil, Paris, 1991.
21
Politique internationale, N 120, 2008. P.11.
racnoc1n ca1or Bninnic). Bic1ynan aa papniainoe yynmenne qpanio-
arepniancinx o1nomenn, cepiano oconnnmnxcn n cnnan c nono n Hpaie,
Capioan pana nonn1i cnonr aaoieancinr nap1npar, n1o c6nenne repy nnrn
pono c1a1i o1nine 6oee pannonpannir, ner npepe, n6o CBA nypam1cn 1enepi
n cnonx comanniax ne renime, ner comannin n nnx.
Paannnan +1y rici, ye n1nponanni nime 6pn1ancin anan1ni Yn Xa11on
peae1 ninop: Ypoi, io1opi napo ocoana1i n XXI neie, coc1on1 n 1or, n1o 6opi6y aa
6eaonacnoc1i, 6arococ1onnne n cnpanepnnoc1i neian ninrpa1i cnarn o1peino
c1pani. 31o repynapopnoe peo, 1pe6ymmee coracnn o1nocn1eino ennoc1e n
npnanannn naanroaanncnroc1n. Ty1 neo6xopnri non1nnecine pnciyccnn, creoc1i
n npepc1no. Arepnia cara cpeaa ce6n necnoco6no 6opo1icn aa +1n en, no+1ory
nnepp pona ni1n Enpona. 31o niaon n o1ne1c1nennoc1i, no nx neian na6ea1i.
C1pon1eic1no nono Enponi c1anonn1cn yconner 6aronoynnn, rnpa n
cnpanepnnoc1n ne 1oiio n e co6c1nennix npepeax, no n n ro6ainix
racm1a6ax
22
. Xo1n na qone cepianix 1pypnoc1e, nepennaerix nine Enpocomaor,
nopo6nan aannia nirnpn1 necioiio caronapennno, ona cara no ce6e poc1a1onno
cnrn1ora1nnna.
Boernia repy c1oponnniarn 1ex nn nnix ropee o6mec1na n c1pa1ern
rnpoyc1poc1na pnyx ocnonnix en1pon Sanapa no o6e c1oponi A1an1nin ne
orpannnnaci npepc1ann1enrn nn1eei1yaino +n1i. Ha6panne n 2uu8 r. Bapaia
06ari - nepnoro aqpoarepniana n 6oee, ner pnyxneiono nc1opnn CBA
6eayconno nnnoci anarena1einir co6i1ner, o1paanmer +nomnm ne 1oiio
arepniancioro o6mec1na, no n rnpa n eor. Be renee nano 6io n 1o, n1o 06ara
opepa no6epy n nerio npepni6opno 6opi6e nop oaynrarn peqopr iai no
nny1penne, 1ai n nnemne non1nie Coepnnnnix B1a1on, o1nenammnx niaonar
conperennoc1n.
31n o6emannn ne oc1anci 1oiio nep6ainirn. Bonpein ynopnory conpo1nnennm
pecny6niancio onnoannn n Konrpecce npeanpen1y-peroipa1y ypaoci nponec1n
peqopry appanooxpanennn, npepoc1annnmym repnnncioe o6cynnanne
nmnnix ero panee 4S rn. arepnianen na nanrenee o6ecnenennix con
naceennn. Cpeani aannin na c6nenne aanncnroc1n arepniancio +ionornin o1
nrnop1nix +nepronocn1ee, ropepnnaanm nnqpac1pyi1ypi c1pani npn
coipamennn aa 1u e1 peqnn1a n rocpora na 4 1pn poapon. Bponoaracnn
non1niy nepeaarpyain o1nomenn c Poccne, 06ara nopnnca c ne noni
oronop o6 orpannnennn c1pa1ernnecinx noopyenn. Bpnain i pnaory c
rycyirancinr rnpor 6i nopipenn onpepeennn cpoion noc1enennoro ninopa
arepniancinx noci na Hpaia, a nnocepc1nnn n Aqrannc1ana.
C1oinynmnci c romno nono penomnonnix no1pncenn n apa6cinx c1panax,
io1opie cren ioppyrnnponannie an1opn1apnie penri n Tynnce, aa1er Ernn1e,
06ara, aac1nrny1i nrn npacnox, nponnn ropaapo 6oimym oc1oponoc1i, neen
ero npepmec1nennni . Bym-r. Korpa co6i1nn n Pnnnn nepepocn n
ipononpon1nym rpapanciym nony, Bamnnr1on noc1apacn aapynn1icn
peaomne CB 00B no coapannm 6ecno1no aoni, nepeonn o1ne1c1nennoc1i aa
e noenno-non1nneciym peanaanm na enponeen - upannm n Benio6pn1annm,
22
22
O'.. P011/%. Q'1. )/I. !. 469.
a aa1er na BAT0. Ero noppepan rnorne nnpnie non1nin n nnnonnnin. Bnemnnn
non1nia - +1o nonpoc npnopn1e1on. CBA ne rory1 pea1i nc, n1o yropno n rpe
yropno, - aannn nepep iornccne Cena1a CBA no nnoc1pannir pear npeanpen1
Cone1a no repynapopnir o1nomennnr Pnnapp Xaac, ocypnnmn n cnnan c
co6i1nnrn n Pnnnn noni1in n1pann1i Arepniy n ye 1pe1im no cn1y nony c
rycyirancio c1pano, iorpa ncxop o6enx npepipymnx em o1nmpi ne ncen. Bo
cymec1ny Xaac non1opn ne1nep1im neia cnyc1n npepynpepenne Boa Kennepn o6
onacnoc1n npearepnix nrnepcinx ar6nn CBA. Bpnnr na ce paa ono npoanynao
na yc1 ne 1oiio ynnnepcn1e1cioro npoqeccopa, no n oni1noro npai1nia, nrpanmero
n npomor nanemym poi n pen1einoc1n arepniancio pnnora1nn na noc1y
pyionopn1en o1pea nannponannn Iocpenap1aren1a CBA. Ero noannm ny6nnno
noppepan rnnnc1p o6oponi Po6ep1 Ie1c n npepcepa1ei 061epnnnnoro
iorn1e1a nanainnion m1a6on BC CBA aprnpa Nai Nyen, io1opie aannnn, n1o
cn1yann n Pnnnn aaxopn1 n 1ynni.
Ter ne renee, napep, noaaranmnecn rnponir o6mec1nennir rnenner na
iopenno nepeor n npnnnnnainix nopxopax CBA, a ncep aa nnrn n Sanapa n
eor i c1pon1eic1ny nonoro, 6eaonacnoro n pannonpannoro rnponoro nopnpia
oiaaanci npeynennennirn. Cn1yann n Hpaie n Aqrannc1ane oc1a1cn 1ynniono,
poccncio-arepniancin pnaor no coapannm npnerero pn o6enx c1opon
cnc1eri BP0 n Enpone aa1nnycn, o1nomennn CBA c rannir na ncninammnx
rnran1on Aann - KBP paannnam1cn nenpoc1o.
Boonnnna1oc1i rnornx noan1nnnix nannnann B. 06ari o1nac1n o61ncnnm1cn
o61ei1nnnirn npnnnnarn. 3ionornia CBA c 1pypor npeopoenae1 nocepc1nnn
rnponoro ipnanca, 6eapa6o1na oc1a1cn nicoio. Paaonaponanne nac1n na6npa1ee
06ari npnneo i nopaennm peroipa1nnecio nap1nn na nporey1onnix ni6opax
2u1u r., n peayi1a1e io1opix pecny6niani y1pa1nn 6oimnnc1no n Baa1e
npepc1ann1ee Konrpecca.
B +1nx yconnnx npeanpen1 ninypen np1n na iornporncci c ioncepna1nnno
onnoanne - coxpann1i nnepnnie ero npepmec1nennnior naoronie iro1i na
aan1onnie con naceennn, ypeaa aaion o repnnncior c1paxonannn, npopon
ycnnn no coapannm cnc1eri BP0 n Enpone, nop1nny ropciym +ciappy i 6eperar
Pnnnn, nanpann 1ypa 6ecnno1nie 6or6appnponmnin, nixopn aa parin peaomnn
197S CB 00B, n 1.p.
0pnaio +1n yc1ynin o1nmpi ne ypone1nopnn npanoioncepna1nnnoe ipio
pecny6nianen, po6nnammnxcn painemero cnnennn naoron aa cn1
cnp1inannn conainix nporparr rocypapc1na n peaioro yec1onennn noann na
repynapopno apene. Beypannni conepnni 06ari na npeanpen1cinx ni6opax
2uu8 r. cena1op-pecny6niane on Naiien nipnnny npem coapannn ro6ainoro
comaa peroipa1n no rane c CBA pn npo1nnoc1onnnn Poccnn, Kn1am, aa ai1nnnoe
nrema1eic1no no nny1pennne npoecci n noc1cone1cior npoc1panc1ne, apa6o-
rycyirancior rnpe n 1.p.
31n npoei1i no cymec1ny npopoam1 c1pa1ernm arepniancinx neoioncepna1opon
pncipepn1nponannix n noinnynmnx iopnpopi nac1n n Bamnnr1one na
aaimnn1einor +1ane n1oporo npeanpen1cioro ranpa1a . Byma-r. Hx
ipaeyroinir iarner cya1 c 1e e y1neppennn o6 ncimnn1einoc1n aanapno
23
ropen o6mec1na, io1opan npnanana c1a1i o6paaor pn ncero neonenec1na, nnnpy
nero XXI c1oe1ne pono c1a1i arepniancinr. Bame c1pane neo6xopnro na1n
nixop na non1nnecioro napanna ne 1oiio coxpanenner ro6ainoro npepc1na, no
n npnrenenner ero na pee, - aannne1 pnpei1op nporparr uonpa Bonan Arepnia
Anppec Nap1nnea
2S
.
31n caroynepennie aannennn o1paam1 cnrno nepi ne 1oiio yi1panpano nac1n
arepniancinx +n1, no n racconoro o6ina1en, oiaaanmerocn nocnpnnrnnnir i
papniainir nanona-nonync1cinr oaynrar pnnennn Aaenn1ne (naanannoro
1ai n narn1i o co6i1nnx 16 peia6pn 177S r., iorpa arepniancine ioonnc1i
ynnn1onn rpya nan na Anrnn n anai npo1ec1a npo1nn naoron na nero, nnepnnoro
6pn1ancinr naparen1or, c nero nanaaci Bona aa neaanncnroc1i CBA). 0pnn na
npepon Aaenn1nn - Capa Benn, 6inmn ry6epna1op Ancin, 6ao1nponaaci
nrec1e c Naiienor na noc1 nne-npeanpen1a na ni6opax 2uu8 r.
Bo ppyrym c1opony A1an1nin c anaornnnir npoei1or nic1ynn 6inmn nperiep-
rnnnc1p upannn 3pyapp Baapmp, io1opi npnainae1 CBA n Enpony coapa1i
Sanapni coma no nrn aamn1i no ncr rnpe cnonx npnnnnon n ennoc1e, ionr
yrpoam1-pe nine c1pani Aann, Aqpnin, Pa1nncio Arepnin, c1pernmnecn nan1i
penanm aa ynnennn neion ioonnanara: Sanap ceropnn paapen n oiaaacn
o61ei1or ioniypennn. 0n necnoco6en oprannaona1icn, pa6i nc1pe1n1i cnonnnir
ncni1annn Hc1opnn nannnae1 1nopn1icn 6ea nero, a iorpa-nn6ypi n npo1nn nero
24
.
Bona npano+ic1pernc1cioro nanona-nonynara npoia1naci no eory pnpy
enponecinx c1pan - upannn (Banonaini qpon1), Ieprannn, Bnpepanpar,
Benrpnn, pae rnpom6nno ne1paino Bneapnn. Be oc1anci n c1opone o1
+1o noni n noc1cone1cioe npoc1panc1no - Poccnn, Yipanna, c1pani Ba1nn (n
iapo, ec1ec1nenno, no-cnoery), rpe e ia1anaa1opor, iai n n Sanapno Enpone,
nocyn npn1oi neerainix nrrnrpan1on na rycyirancinx c1pan Aqpnin n
Aann.
Baione, nc name cimni rooca cien1nion, io1opie noo6me ne nepn1 n peainoc1i
repynapopnoro ynpanennn ipnancarn n m6or napnan1e - opnononpnoro rnpa c
en1por n CBA, 6nnonpnoro ionpornnnryra, rpe nap1npor CBA nrec1o 6inmero
CCCP c1a 6i Kn1a (-2), naione, rnorononpnoro n pariax nocirpin (-8) nn
pnapa1in (-2u).
Cno neccnrnar onn o6ocnoninam1 cciiarn na 6eao1ne1c1nennoe nonepenne
rocypapc1n pnapa1in, oiaaanmnxcn ne n coc1onnnn npeopoe1i cno
nanonaini +ronar n npnnn1i ionc1pyi1nnnie pemennn no coapannm nono
cnc1eri repynapopnix o1nomenn, iai 1oiio oc1po1a nocepnero ro6ainoro
+ionornnecioro ipnanca nanaa oca6ena1i, iapoe rocypapc1no nepnyoci i cnonr
yaioiopic1nir nn1epecar. 01cmpa - rpannie npornoai neynpanneroro,
xao1nnnoro rnpa, oprannaona1i io1opi ne nop cny m6o c1pyi1ype, cioiio 6i
nomcon y ne nn 6io.
24
23
Time, Annual Special issue, Vol. 175, N 11, 2010. P. 36
24
Edouard Balladur. Pour une Union occidentale entre lEurope et les Etats-Unis. Fayard, Paris, 2007. P. 9.
Taiona, n nac1noc1n, oenia ninemne cn1yann npeanpen1or Enpaancio rpynni
no oenie non1nnecinx pncion Bon Bperrepa n nanec1noro +ionornc1a,
npoqeccopa Bim-opicioro ynnnepcn1e1a Bypn+n Py6nnn. Ni nnr cenac n
6ecnomcnor rnpe (-u), rpe nn opna o1peino nan1an c1pana nn 6oi c1pan ne
nree1 poc1a1onnix noaronoc1e nn non nipa6o1a1i nopnnno repynapopnym
nonec1iy pnn, - y1neppam1 onn. - Peayi1a1or 6ypy1 nc 6oee nn1encnnnie
ionqni1i na repynapopno apene no nanenno nanir nonpocar - 1ainr, iai
repynapopnan raipo+ionornnecian iooppnnann, peqopra cnc1eri qnnanconoro
perynponannn, 1opronan non1nia nn peainn na no1enenne inra1a
2S
.

Bopnopn n1orn ipa1iory o6aopy ocnonnix aanapnix ropee n c1pa1ern n
ro6ananponannor rnorononpnor rnpe XXI n., rono npn1n i ninopy, n1o
epnnoro nn pae npeo6apammero napnan1a pemennn npo6er conperennoc1n
cpepn nnx noia ne npocra1pnnae1cn. Boimnnc1no aanapnix anan1nion, 6ypi 1o
arepniancinx nn enponecinx, ricn1 n ocnonnor ia1eropnnrn npomoro, n1o
o61ncnne1, no o1nmpi ne onpanpinae1 nx paano6o. Ter ne renee, +qqei1nnnie
nopxopi i +1nr npo6erar, 6eayconno, cymec1nym1. 0nn rory1 n poni 6i1i
napeni conrec1nirn ycnnnrn npepc1ann1ee ncero repynapopnoro coo6mec1na
- Sanapa n Boc1oia, Cenepa n Kra, n6o niaoni, c io1opirn c1oinyoci nine
neonenec1no, nocn1 ro6aini xapai1ep.
25
25
Foreign Affairs, March-April 2011, vol. 90, N 2. P. 2.