. .

1981

 ' .
' .

..

.. , ..
.. . ..
22171
9.02.81. 60x90 1/16
!
. . . 12,5..-. . 14,3
4500 . . . 1985. 1. 50 .
"", 7864 -7, -485, ., . 90
1- "",
199034, , -34, 9- , 12

'^ PI 414-81. 460200000

*/ (./,) oi

"",
1981


. -
.
,
- .
,
,
.
, .

- ,
' - ,
,
,
.
, : ,

, , .
,
,
.
, , , .
.
,
3

 , - ,
, . ,
, , . ,
" -,
*.
,
. . . ,
, :
, . ,
(. , , .),
(. , , .) - (, , .).
,
, .

,
.. " ".
.. , ..
.. .



? , , , , ?

? ?

, ,


, ,
, ,
,
" ", , ,
, .
, . -
, , . .
, ..
'
.
, , ,
.. ,

, ,
.: .. i "
". - .: , IV. , 1977,
. 47.
2
.: ..' . ., "",
1965, . 23-24.

.: .. . . .
., "", 1973, . 8.

 . - () , 4.
- ,
, - ,
.
, ,
,
,


. ' , - .. , ,
...;
, ,
,
, ,
....".
, , 1
, ..
,
> , .. . ,
. .. , . ,
,
. " , , , .. , - : -

. : Lightner T.M. The role of derivational

morphology in generative grammar. - Language, 1975, v. 51, N 3.
.: O..H. . - .:
. ., "", 1968; , . . - .: . . *:
"*,
1971.

,. . .: ., . . ., "", 197.7, . 165.

 , ,
. .
,
, - -
. ,
'.
, ,
,
(,
) , , -
^.
, , . , .
, ,
- , .

, .

, . , ,
, - ' : ,
, . ' ', ' ', , '
.,

.. ,
, , , , '
- ,
.: , . . ., "*,.
. 66.
Q

.: .. , ., .

1974,

175.

, ., .:
. . ., 1977, . 60.
,
" " .., ,
, .
7

 ,
,
'.

, , '
12.
.. ,
,
,
, .. ' via , . , , ,
, .
, , - ,
, - . , , . .,
, , (, .) . . .
, .
,
.
, ,
.. , " * 13,
'* ,
.
1
'*
.
., . - .:
... . .,.1959,
. 421.

12

13
8

., : .. . , , 1963, 2, . 34; ..
. - .:
.
., 1966, . 57; . , ., . 10-11; .. . ., 1974, ; 202203; ...
. ., 1977, . 126.
.: .'0. , ., .

421.

 .. , ' ,
, ,
"IS,
, , , , - .
, , ,
. , '
, ,
, ,
. - , , ', - '
.. ,
, .. , '
.
,
( ),
.
,
-
, , . , , , ,

.
, ,
.. .
, -

14

.: . .
. - .:
. . , 1969, . 3 .; . . . - .:
. ., "", 1964, . 114 .

.: .. . , 1978, 4, . 15.
9

 .: , , ,
. ,

. , ,
; ,
.
, . ,
, .
, , , > ,
.
, , & ,
, . - , ' - , ,
,
.


,
, ,
3 6
, ,
, ,
, , ^. -, i ,
, ,
1 ft

17
10

., ; Jackendoff R. Morphological and semantic regularities

in the lexicon. - Language, 1975, v. 51, N 3; 'Hudson R.A. Lexical
insertion in a transformational-grammar. - Foundations of Language,
1976, v.14, N1.
.: Lightner T.M/Op, cit.

 .. , , genesis
,'generative , genetics , genius
, gender (, , )
. , , ,
.

- ()
().
.
, ,
,

. .
, , .. (. -i*
, ' % '
, ' )..
() . , .. (

. 1

,
"
.
,
, ( ) , ,

' , ,
.
,
,
,
, , , .
11

, (,
..).
.
, , (the full
set of irregularities)18 .
,
-, . ' , '* .

1974 . .. ^ , ' . . ,
, " ,
, *^ .

, . . , ,
18

19

20

12

.:.Chomsky N. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge,"Mass.,

1965, c. 142; . : Chomsky N. Remarks on nominalization. In: Readings in English transformational grammar. Cambridge.
Mass., 1970.
E-.A. . .: . . .,
1974, . 80-81; . . - .: 1976. ., 1977.
.. ,.., . 245; 50.. . - .:'
, 2 (
). , 1976, . 218-219; .. . - .: . ., '.*,
1978, . 157; 0.. '. - .: . , 1977, . 95;
.. #,
. - .:
( ).
, 1979, . 87.

 , - ,
.
, ,

.
,
- , .
. (,
,
..)
, ,
. , ,
, - ,
, , - . ,

, .
, , -, ', * ( , ,' ), '
, ( ) ( - ). ,
. , - ,; , ,
, , , . , , ,
.-, - , .
,
, |' . , -,
, ..
. -, ,
' , -. . (
, . ,
^ - ,
. .
13

 .. , ' .
: *^
,
, , ,
, . , .

(. .. ..), , -, ,

, .
,
, ( ) , , (), -
,.
, -( , -,
.
, , , , .
, , ,
, . "pS/KS
,
, ,
, .

( ) ,
,
, .
.
21
14

.: .. , ,, .

421.

-, , -,
.
, .. . -, , "" ,
, .
( ) ( ). , -,

( , - ), , , , " ,
, .
,
,
() ^;^ 0

,
, . , ,
.
,
, ,
, .
, - , , " *.
"" (. , .,
, .).
, ,
.
- - , ,
, . ,
.

15


. - , ,
, () , , .-
,

. , - , ,
.
,
.. .

, ,
.
, -S- 2
,
, -, --, .. " *, , -,

, - - .
, -
.
, ^..
. , , , ' -
, , , . ,
, ,

22

. .. .., , , , : ''., ( ) - , 2, . 312.

 , , '*,
, ,
, . ', ,
,
()
. *.

(, ) , , , ,
.
; , , ,
", ..."
, . . (, .) : .
, ( ) . , . , . , ..

.
( ) .
, , , ..

, "
1
' ,
. , , ,
. - ' ', 'TI ~
* ~
( ) jr
.
, - ' .
, , .

2. . 1985

17

 - . , 1966 . , "
[.. ]
'23, , ..
, . , , .
, (
, atomic predicates),
.
, thief '' inventor '' , - ' ,
'; ' , ', , ", ()" , " "241 ,
, , .. , . ,
.
, 4 ()
, 2 x 2 , , 3+1, , , 2 6 ..
, , 2 x 2 3 + 1 62 . ,
.
23

18

.: Weinreich V, Explorations in semantic theory.In: Current

trends in linguistics, v, 3. The Hague-Paris, 1966, p. 419.
. : Kas'tovsky D, Word-formation, case grammar and denominal adjectives. - Anglia, 1974', Bd. 92, H. 1/2; ' . Problems of
word-formation, - In: Grundbegriffe und Hauptstromungen d'erLinguistik.JHlrsg. von Ch. Gutknecht. Frankfurt, 1977, p. 304; <Lipka
Topicalization, case grammar, and lexical decomposition in English.Archivum Linguisticum, 1976, v. 7, p. 119 U.B. . , 1974, . 37
.

 .. ,
" - "25.
,
- ()
, ,
. ,
26.
, " ,
, , 27.
, ,
, , ,
, -.
, , .. : ,
. , , , , , . ,

, ,
, ,
, .
, , , . ,

, -
"* .

25
26
27

.: >, .
., "*, 1977.
.: . ., . . . . ., 1976.
.: Kastovsky D. Op. cit.1, p. 7.
19

 -
- " " , , ,
. .
.


,
,
-
()
() . . , . , " ",, - , "
- ".
( , ,
, ..)
(
, , ) ()
,
, .
, , -
, , - - . .
, ,
^.

, " "** . , .
,
OQ

OQ

20

. : ..
. ., 1977, . 75 .
.: Katz J.J. Recent issues in semantic theory. - Foundations of
Language 1967, v. 3, 2, p. 127.

 , .
(compositional) . , -
.

-,
, ,
in nascendi, , ,
,
.
, . '
- . - ,
.
,
,

, -
. | ' ,
.
.: . . . .,
" ", 1968, . 147
21


.
1.
, .. . ()
.
2.
, : - , , . , . .
3.
, , , ,- , , . ' ,
- (
) .
4. , (, , sail ''- to sail ' '/)
, ' (. ); '" .
""

(. )
(.
- ).
, , .
5. ,
, (., ,

).
, - . -, ' '
.'' - ;

22

8, ,
, i _ . ,
. , . " ,
(. , -..).
,
.
7.
, !, , , . , ,
, , . , ,
, ().

, , , .. - ,, , ,
, ,
- , (),

: . , ,
, '
. , ,
- -
. (. ..

)
().
,
.. ,
, ,
.
, ,
. ,
, ( ) . ..
, , " , ()

() "*^. .., , " ; "3.

- .
, , , ^-, . ,

, , , , '
.
3
: , (, ) , , ,

2
Q

24

.: ., , , .
"", 1969, . 150

.,

.: , , . ., "", 1967, . 33.

.: ., . , - . . . ..,
1971, . 249, . 25, , 9.

 '.' , ,
' '. , , ,
.
, ,
, ,

- .
,
- , , -
.
, ,
fl -
.
,
. , ,
, :
, ^.
: 1) , , ; 2) ;
3) .
, , , , . ,- , , ,
,
'
.

. : E.G. . - .: . ., 1977, . 129 ..rjakowa E. On the theory of wordformation. ~In: Kurzfassungen des
XII. Intemationalen Lingu'isten-Kongre/3," Wien, 1977.

25

. ,

,
. , '
, ^ , , - , .
, , ""
, .. zweisam emsam^ .; ..
: ... ' (.. .- , 1977, 6, . 9);
In addition to recording a man's fingerprints, a record should be made
of his footprints (M. Uppfield, The devil's steps. N.-Y., 1956, p. 142),
The dividing line between American lawmakers and law-breakers has
always been tenuous. (Morning -Star, 1974, Aug. 3, p. 2).
, ; :
- , ! , , , , ,
(., . . ., , 1961, .

41).

A fantasy is a "dusk-dream", lying halfway between day-dream and

a night-dream (], Stone, The passion of the mind. N.-Y, 1971, p. 398)
... , - ': , ,
'. .,. (., . , 1970, 8, , 75);

.: .. ..., .., - .:
. ., 1978, . 142.

26

.: . ( -) , .: . ., 1963;
.. -. ., 1973,
.: Motsch W, Ein .Pl&doyer fur die Beschreibung von Wortbildungen auf der Grundlagedes LexikonSi -In: Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn, 1977, S. 187; .: MM. ., 1979, . 201 .

I'm homeless, childless, middle-aged, loveless, Hooper (E. Waugh.

Brideshead revisited. Boston, 1945, p, 350).
,
' 1( (
) .
, ,
,
.
,.,:
,
,.
, , ,
, ,..
... ..
(... . ., 1969, .

293).

, (, , , ), ,
, (, ..), - , - ,
.
.. .., -:
-, -,
-!,.
,
' .
(. . ... , . II; .-,
4,908, . 210).

, , ,
(.-. . - , 1967, 3, . 69).
. , ,
(Brekle H, Reflections on the conditions for
the'coining, use and understanding of nominal compounds. In: Proceedings of the twelfth International Congress of Linguists. Innsbruck,
1978, p. 69).
27

I got a quick impression of him - a man of half qualities who lived in

a halfivorld: he was half~handsome,half-lostthalf*spo.iled,
half'smart,
half-dangerous .(Ross Macdonald. The chill. Lfld., 1974, p. 154).

, , ,
. ,
, .. ,
. ,
, ,

.
,
*^0..
, , -, , '. ,
,
, .
,

- ,
,
, -
,
. "" .

.: . -
. - .: ' . ., 1968, . 158.
.: A.M. . - .: . ., 1976, . 88.
28

 , : , .
" "^. , : /:
/:+ ?-..'
, ,
,
.
, ,
(
),
()
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.., .. .
, - , , ..
,
, -, .:
smiled his slow smile (A Christie, Sleeping murder, N.Y., 1976,
P. 99);
Now I am not a critic and it is not my business to criticize ...
( '. .-: D. Parker. Variations on a
theme. Viking Press, 1944, p 14-15);
Ich furchte mich, Gegen die Furcht mu/3 man etwas tun (R.M. Rilke.
Werke, Bd. II. Berlin, 1959, S. 19).'
,
... (.. , . 59).

: ,
, , ,
, .:

12.

.: /\ . ., I960, .

132.

29

 , , ( , . 68).
, , ? ( , .58).
Die StrayBe war zu leer, ihre Leere langweilte sich (R.M. Rilke. Werke,
Bd. II, S. 10).
,
, .:
"You can't ask a professional singer to sing", murmured Mr. SP "Can
one ask a professional detective to detect?" (A* Christie,, A three-act
tragedy, London, 1957, p. 26);
"Ach, ich mu|3 noch autoklauieren", Sie erhob sich... und trat an den
Labordsch, auf dem neben Kolben , , der Autoklav stand (M. Wendland.
Mit faischer Miinze. Berlin, 1978, S. 88).
, , (..

, .
(, ) ""
. ., ,
:
! / >1 (.. . .,
1961, . 139),
' ', ' ' ..

, : ... a grandmother is sometimes the answer to the baby-sitter
problem, but this hardly justifies her in making baby-sitting, a career.,.
(Mr. Parkinson's Law. London, 1971, p. 112).
^;
, ,
- ,
. , .: We have thus
abandoned the standard view that the lexicon is memorized and only the
syntax is creative. In its place we have a somewhat more flexible
theory of linguistic creativity. Both creativ-ity and memorization
take place in both, the syntactic and the lexical component (R. Jackendoff, p. 668 - . . 16 c. 13), : ',

1 *}

30

., : .. ' . - .: . - .
. ... ., 1976, . 161.

 , .
. ,
, !.
,
.
,
, .
,
, .: " - .
- ... []
"", " (.. . - .
1978, 6, . 43). , - , . :
"
"", , ,
- ""...
.
., * 'Thurberites - and they are many harHly need reminding that the classic Thurberisms are preserved
in The.Thurber Carnival, The 'Thurber Album, Thurber's Dog's and
many more like-minded collections (J. Thurber. Alarms and Diversions. Penguin Books., London, 1962), >- * ( } - - ,

"", ' "",
"" *.

, "".
. ,
.
.
,
' , - , ..
,
,
31


().
'
, , .^4.
, .. ,
, '
'. ,
-*]_,
' Aj_ *
(. , to televise
. television . ).
. .
.

14

32

.: .
. - .: * . III. M.,
1963, . 81 .; . .
( ). . . ', 1980.
- . : .
.'- .:
The Slavic Word. The Hague-Paris,
1970;
. . . - .: (
- , 1971-). ., 1974;
. . . - .: - .
. "", 1972; .. . - .: .
. ., "", 1978;
. ., . . . - .: . .
"", 1979; . . - . - .: . . . . ., 1979. ..
- ; 3. .
. - ; -,
..
. ., " ", 1979; . .
.
. . . ., 1980.

 , .: " '-: " Kim " - ; "' . - ,

.
:

, - ' "" "", . - + -> +.
, - .
, , . - ,

( ). '. , .

,
- , , .. , .
,
-.
,
,
, .
, .
, 15 : .
. - , 1976, 7;
. . - .:
. ., "", 1978;
. ., . . . - .: VI , .
., 1978, . 19; "- A.M., . , . - .: . . . .,
1979, . 115.

3. . 1985

33


.

,
, , , ' , ,
. -,
.
,
-
, -,
, . . - , , , . ,, .
^ , 17,
-^ .

.
1924 . . .
I saw the doctor's arrival I saw that the doctor ar=
rived, . .: ,
I doubt the doctor's cleverness I doubt
that the doctor is clever, . .: 19. 1930 . .

17

1Q

19
34

. : . . . - .: ( ). .,
"", 1977, . 229.
., , . * . - .:
, .III. ., 1963, . 56 .; .. . - , . IV. M., 1966,
. 207; . . . . ., "", 1978.
.: ., - . ., 1965 ().
0, . ., 1958, .131, 154-155.

 ,
, ^.
1949 . ., , , "
",
. blancheur '' : ''-
1
' '- le fait d'etre ' '-
1
blancheur '' . " , - , . "21.
1944 ., .. . . ,
^.
, . .,

,
. ,

, ^.
. 1960 .*^, , " *, , ^ .
, ,
,

2
' .: Porzig W. Die Leistung der Abstrakta in der Sprache. - Blatter
fur Deutsche Philosophie. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Philosophi. schen Gesellschaft, 1930/1931, Bd. R, S.. 66-77.
2,1
. . - <: .
., 1962, . 29, 30.
22
.: . . ., 1955, . 119 .
23 Brekle H.E., Kastovsky' D. Wortbildungsforschung: Entwicklung und
Positionen.'- In: Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung. 'Bonn, 1977,
S.-13.
24 .: Lees R.B. The grammar of English nominalizations. 'Bloomington,
I960.
OR

... . ., "",
1979. (. . 33).
35

 . , ,

, , ,
.

, , ,
.
, ,
, ,
-
.
-
, ,
.
, -
-, , , "" -,
. , ,
, .

,
,
, ,
", .

, .. .

. .:
, , ,
, . (.. , . 29).
,
.
, ' ,
, . ,
,
, , ,

36

., , , - :
"and'we are out to get The Crackler and we will get him good".
"Did you say The Cackler or The Crackler?"
" Tie Crackler".
" Oh, what is a Crackler?" .
" A new word that I have coined", said Tommy.
" Descriptive of one who passes false notes into circulation.
Bank notes crackle, therefore he is called a Crackler. Nothing could
be more simple".
"That is rather a good idea... I like The Rustler myself. Much more
descriptive and sinister".
"No, said'Tommy, "I said The Crackler first and I stick to it"
(A. Christie. Partners in crime. N.Y., Dell, 1975, p. 116-117).
,
, , , ,
.
. :
" was a goldfish-holder"
"What do you mean, a goldfish-holder", I'demanded.
" Cammery had been a professional billiard-player. ... Once , he
caught up one of the fish from-the bowl ,,, and held it,, He got to
snatching up goldfish and holding them, wherever he went. At length he
had to have a bowl, of them beside the' table when he played his billiardmatches,,,"
(G* Thurber, The middle-aged man on the flying trapese. N.Y., 1935, p. 27).
, , . - .
,
, , , ,
, .

, .. ;
.:
She was an ether-drinker.
- A what?
- She drank ether. She was quite/used to it. She could drink five hundred
grammes a day ,, (E. Ambler, A kind of anger, London, 1970, p, 48),
37

 , ,
, , .
, , .. , ,
. ' .
,
, , , ,
, ,
. , , ,
, , ;
-

, -
. .
,
,
, . ' ,
,
. , ,, , -"
, .
. ,
- , ^.
, ,
,

26

38

. : . .
. - .: .
, 1974; . - . .: - . , 1977; . . . . . 1980, . 31.

, ,
..
. , ,
,
"" ..
, , -, ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
,
: , ,
,
.
, ,
- ,
- .
. ,
.

, '
: -, , , ,
. ,
' ,
, .
,
, , '
, + - ,,
,
: ,
, ; , , ..
.
- .
39

 -

,
, . , ,
, - ,
.
, , , (. ,.
..), , , ,
. .
, '
(. . 24). ,
, , ; , , -. . : ; , , -'
,
.
; ,
: , , , . . (), , ( ); .
- ? , ().
, :
. , ,
, , . .
, '
.
, ,
(. -> - ;
is like a child -> he is childish, He arrived -> his arrival .),
-40

 , - . , ,

, ,
..
, .

, ,
. .
, , . -,
. . ,
.
-7 0- ,
, , "

. , ,

. . ,
,
, , ,
-
- .
,
,
,
. , , ,
.
27

. . .: , , . , 1971 - International Journal of Slavic Linguistics

and Poetics, v. 16. The Hague, 1973, p. 203.

41



, , . ,
,
.
, -
, -
.
,
, ' ,
, , - "^
, , , ( ,
), .
, .
, -, -

.
, ,
, - .

- , , '.
, (. '
$1); : -

., : . . .. . ., 1967,
. 126; .. , .
1959, '. 431 .
.: .. , , ...- ( ). , 1971, . 22.

42

 ,
,
( ; ). , , ,
, ,
, ., , ^.
-, - ,
.
, ,
, ' ' 3, , ,
-
.
1
, ' - , .
noaTOMyt
, .
,

,
.., ,
^. , ,

., : .. 0. ( )'. . . .
, 1975.
.. . ., : , , . . ..
197S. .., .,, .., .., .. .


, ,
, -
.
,
, , ,, "...
' : -
(' ,
, ) " . ,
,
( ) , . , , , ; , , ,
.
, ' , , ,
. , ^ .
-- - . ...
-
,
. ,
- .. ,
g

.: ;,; -
. . . . .,- 1974,
. 13.

44

.: -, . . - ,
1974, N 2.
., : , -.
. . . . ., 1977;
... - . . . . ; 1974.
.: ., . ,
1971.


"". , , . .
,
, ,
. ,

,
, , .
,
, ,
, .. .' "
.
- , : , . '
*12 , ,
- , - ,
, , 13_
:
, , ,
. ' , Q

. -, ( ) . - ' .: . . , . 2.
-, 1970, . 184.

11

12
13

.: . ; , .
. - , , 1970, N 2.
.: ' -, ., . .: . ., 1963.
.: 0.. , ., . 13.
.: . /^.

.,

1980.

45

 , ,
-
.

,

.

^
" "!4.
, ,
15. "" , , ,
.. ^ , 3. .!''7 . -'-^.
14
15

.: ,-, . - . .
. , . 295,
1966.
., : , ,
. - .:
. ., 1964; -,-,
' . .: , . . ., 1962;
3. -,
( ). - ,
1960, 3; . : ..
. . . , . 64, . 2, 1969,
. 18. B-.U. , . I. -,
1978.
.: Lees R,B-, The 'Grammar of English nominalization.s. 2-nd pr.
The Hague, 1963; Chomsky N. Remarks on norninalization. In: Readings in English transformational grammar. Cambridge, Mass., 1970.

17

18

46

Vendler Z. Adjectives and nominalizations. The HagueParis, 1968;

. . : ..,
. ., 1976, . 63.
.: Brekle -,. Satzsemantik und transformationelle Syntax im
System der englischen Nominalkomposition. Munchen, 1970,


, , ,
, ,
, . , ,
: , ( ), . , , , - ,
.
, , , ;
', . ,
( ) -.
--'-".
,

, .
, *. , ,
'-; .
, , / ,
,
. , ( - )
, : , ,
. '* ,
19

.: ; .,-
. ., '*, 1975, . '93; . * ( ). . . . ., 1977, . 11; .,
. - .:
. ., 1977; -. * .
. - , . 39 .; 0. .
. ., ' *, 1974,
. 99' .; * , .
., 1973.
47

 , t
- . , , ,
( ).
.
.
.
,

,
sui generis . ,
-
^.
,
. , ,
- , -^ -1 , -, - , -.

(. . 145 . ), . . , . ,
.
; -, - ,
, .
, ,

(.
.). ,
.

.
20

48

.: , U, . .
. ., 1971, . 64.

 , , (
), , , ,
, - - . ,
, , ,
. , .
-?.
21.
,,
. , ,
( - ) . , ,

, ,
. , , .
, -
. ' , , . , , , -

21

, : , .. , . - .:
. ., 1Q77;- $. ..
. ., 1979; - . , 1977;
. , . .: . , 1974;
., . . . - .:
. ., 1979; 1,/1,
. , . 74, . ,
. 25 .

4. . 1985

49

 , , .
-, , , . "
, , ..
, , -,
- *22.
, , . , , , .
, . ,

,

. . 1966 . , " ( , .) ;

"24, , ,
, ,
.. - ,
2^. '

23
24

25

50

.: Stein G. The place of word-formation in linguistic description..In; Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn, 1977, S. 219.
. : .. .
. - , 1959, 2.
.: Marchand On the analysis of substantive compounds and
suffixal derivatives not containing a verbal element. Indogermanische Forschungen, 1966, Bd. 70, p. 117.
.: : Motsch W, Analyse von Komposita mit zwei nominalen Elementen. In: Progress in Linguistics. Ed. by M. Bienyisch
und K.E. Heidolph. The Hague, 1970, S. 210, . 4; Botha R.P.
The function of the lexicon in transformational generative Grammar.
The Hague, 1968; Pens. F.C.C. Non-uniquness in the treatment of
the separability of semantics and syntax in linguistic phrases. - In:
Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Linguists. Ed.
by L. Heilmann. Bologna, 1974, c. 409.

 ,
- ^^
^?,KJm
, 2 8,
, ,
. , ^,
, ,
. , , , . - .. ^!.
"2. ft

2,7

OQ

OQ

30
1

. . : Halle M. Morphology in a generative grammar. In: Proceedings..., p. 695; Boas H.U. On Halle's "prolegomena to a theory of
word formation" orwhat is a linguistic generalization. Linguistics,
1974, v. 134; Carroll J.M., Tanenhaus M.K, Prolegomena to a functional theory of word formation, In: Papers from the parasession on
fun.ctionalism. April 17, 1975. Ed. by R.E. Grossman, L.J. San.
T.J. Vance. Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, 1975,
..
. . . . IJAL, 1962, v. 28, N2, . 146.
., : Rose J.H. Principled limitations on productivity in
denominal'verbs'. Foundations of Language, 1973, v. 10, N4;
Pennanen E, Current views of word-formation, Neuphilologische
Mitteilungen, 1972, Bd. 73, 2, c. 306.
.: Dressier W. Elements of-a polycentristic theory of word formation.Wiener Linguistische Gazette, '1977, H. 5; . .25.
.: , . ., 1972,
. 51, : '
, , *.
.: Brekle .., Kastovsky D, Wortbildungsforschung..., . 14.
.: .. . - .: .
1952,
51

 , ,
,
,
- ,
, ,
. ,

, ,
. ,
. , , , (rather accidental character)^, .

,
, ,
, , , . ,
,
, .
, , . ,
, , .. , . ,


.
, , , ,
.

.
: ,
,

32

52

.: Chomsky N. Remarks on nominalization; Kastovsky D. Wordformation, or: at the crossroads of morphology, syntax, semantics,
and the lexicon. - Folia Linguistica. Den Haag, 1977, v. X, N 1/2.

 ..
,
, ,
, . .
1934 . .. :. ' ,,
: ', , ", ' " ", - " ", " () " .. , ,
, , , ', ,
,
. ,
. , .., .
, , ,
,
^,
, , . ,
, ,
.
, ""
,
.
, ,
,
,
, . Q

.: .. . - . .,
1934, 3, . 100.
.: .. . - ,
. . .., 353, 1970, . 31; ..
. , 1973, . 120; . .
. - .: . ., 1977, . 140.
53

 .
,
* * "X , X , - - 35f ,
( ) .
-, -,
( - , , , ), '( ) - .

, - .

, ,
.
, , , . ' [] '
' [] ' (
,
).


.
, , , , , , ,
- , , - -

35~.

(., : .. , ., . 18). , ,
. , .. -^*
, ..
. .
: 10.. , ,
( ),
.: . . ., 1977, . 308.
54

, ..
, - , , -
,
,
,
,
, - , , ,
,
. , . 36.

,
- , ,
.
. , .. . , - ,
'* , .. . ,
() -
,

"* ,
. , '
/ .

36

.: E.G. . . '*, 1978, . 88; .. -

,. 78; .. . - .: ' - ,
. 64-66; .. . - .:
. ,
1979.

55

 ,
,
.
,
. , , ,
'
(. .^
, "* ""'37), , . , , ,
, .
, ,
,
, , , ..,
..
,
,
, , , ,
, -
, .. .
"" , - ,
.

. ,
.

, :
1)

37

56

.: .. . .: . ., 1955, . 15.-

 (. -
' ', -- '-', -- ' ' .);
2) , (.
', [] ', ',
[] ', ' [] ' .).
, ;, , , - . . ,
- -.
. .

: '
+ ", . ' [ ]' ', [
]', ,
' . (.
', ') " " "" (.
', ' )
: .
,
, - . , , ; , ,
, .
"" "", , ^, . ,
.
" , - , , .. , - , "39. , , , ,
.
, , , - ', ', ,
. 38
39

.: .., E.G.
. - , 1978, 6, . 117-118.
.: ..
, , 2, . 105.
57

 , , ,
'*'-5.
, ,
. - , : ^
, .
- : - ', ', - ', '; - - , , . , '^. , , ,
, ,
, , , .

, - : , ,
, , ,
-,
.
, , - , , (), - , , -
, ^^.
,

.

40

41
42

58

.: ..
. - , 1975, 6, . 65 ., .,
..., . 17.
.: . . .,
1973, . 247.
.: ..
. .- .: . . .( "", 1978, . 46.

 , .
, ,
: , - , ,
, ? (.. ,
),
.

, , . (storage capacity) ^, .
, , ,
: 1)
; 2)
; 3) . ,
(, , ) (..
),
, ,
.
, , , , 44%
, " , , "
. . ^. ,
43

44

., Boas Y.U. , ., ;. 7 .
.: U . (
). . . ., 1976, . 131.
.: .. . - .: .. . ;, 1974; ., . ., 1971, . 230; ,
, .: Progress ift Linguistics. The Hague, 1970, c. 112-113.
59

 461
^ , , , . . ,
.

,
. , , , .
1^ ,
, .
, , - -, .: ., . - . .
. . , . 51. ., 1956, . 146; .. . ., '*, 1974, . 79; ..
. - .:
. ., 1971, . 7.

47

48

60

.: -. . - .:
. . ., 1974, . 133; .. , ., . 116; . : ..
. ., 1973,- . 48-53: .. ,
. 44-46.
. : .. ..
. - .:
. , 1975; ..
. - .: . , 1974; .. -
. - .: - , . 29; E.G. . - . .
. ., 1976, . ; ..
. ., " ", 1977,
. 262; ., . ,. 1979, . 210 .

 .
-
, , ,
,
. , , ,
,
^ . - ,
, -
-
,
.
, , , -,
().
" *, ; re-writing rules .
, ,
, . , , ,
.
, '* :
, '* ,
. , ,
, .

, ( ) ,
.
.

49

.: ... . .,
1972, . 141.
61








. , .
.
,
, -*-. , . ,
. , , , ,

, " ,
, - .
, ,
, - , . ,
,
, .
-,
, . . Papierkorb Korb fur Papier, orb aus
Papier, Korb mit Papier ' ,
.: , . .:
Discussing language, Ed. by H. Parret. The Hague-Paris, 1974,
P. 23.
2
., : Brin'kmann H. Zie Zusammensetzung im Deutsdhen.Sprachforum, 1957, H. 3/4.

62

* . , - ' . ,

. ,
, .
Papierkorb , ' ', , ,
'*. ,
( , ,
.^) .
, . ,
"
*^.
- , ' ".
- . ,
,

. -ed,
; . blue-eyed '', two-storeyed
"'. ,
.

.: Goseriu E. Inhaltliche Wortbildungslehre. (am Beispiel des Typs

"coupe-papier"). - In: Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn,
1977, S. 50-51.
.: ./. . ., 199, . 108-109; .. . ., 19,76, . 14-15.
. . - .:
, . ., 1974, . 256.
., .. ., Q. . ., 1958, . 153-154.

'. , ., . 255; .. . -, 1973, N 4, . 67-68.

63

-ed, , : . handembroidered ' ', sun-burned ' '

. , -
(. with blue eyes
' ', burned by sum
' *),
, . -ed,
"
, ..
. ,
"* ,
, .
(, , ),
- ,
. ,
, , .
, .
, , ,


. ,
,
. , , , - -.
, , , , : ,-
, ,
, ,
. .
',
' ' , '
, ', , car-driver 'one who
drives a car' shoe-maker 'one, who makes shoes' ..
, , , .- ,
,

64

 '.
, - ,

( -
). , , , ,
,
(, ) .
,

, : , '' ',
, - , , , ,
.
,
. ,

, ( )
, , ,

.
,
,
, .: ... my mother, Alma Sophia, was a
true hausfrau. She moved the furniture a lot ... To this day, if she
catches me moving furniture (I am an inveterate furniture mover Tiyself), she will scold me ... (A.E.Hotchner. Doris Day, Her own story.
N.Y., 1976,c.ll)'' ... .
...
, , ( - . ),
1.
. The Russians drink tea and they'd surpass those coffee-drinking Turks long ago, if the tea-drinking 'English hadn't kept"

'" , . Kurschner W. Zur syntaktischen Beschrelbung Deutscher Nominalkomposita Tubingen, Niemeyer,
1974.

5. . 1985

65

'em from it (W.D.Howells. A modern instance.N.Y., 1964, C* 103)

,
1
, - '' , ,
, .. The Russians are tea-drinkers' The
Russian adore tea-drinking8.

,
.
,
. a girl-friend
: the girl is at the same time a friend, The friend is at the same time a girl; , ,
-
: , , -
,
. . . ,
'. , wolf-dog
:
1
1
' --' , ', - ' , ..
: . , , tertium
datur.
, ,
, , , . .
, grass-green ' ', , - ice-cold ' , - .
, , , ,

, :
.

.
, , , ,
, -

66

.: .. ' . . . . ., 1974. . . 48, . 60.

 9 .
. (
)
. ,
, ,
, ,
:
^
, , ,
,
, - , .
school-grammar grammar-school, iron
steel . steel-iron
.; drinking-water
, ..
, a water-drinking , ..
, (. tea-drinking
'',
coffee-drinking ''').
, ., . , , - .
,

. , , : . ,
- the heavy redfigured drapes ' (. figures); the regular
trial-watchers ", '
(. trials); red-chequered tables
', ' (. - chequers), a thick-shouldered
man '' ', .. ' ' (.

, , "
, ...

" ( ,., ..
. - .: . , 1976, . 77, 82).

67

 shoulders) . (.: Ross Macdonald. The chill. London,

1974, p. 5, 7).
, -,
" ",
- - , ,
.
1966 . . ', 197 . . 12, , , " ,
"-'-^, , -^. , , , ( , , ), , ,
. , .
, ,
.: . . . . . 1973, . 27, 32; : Pavlov V.M. Die substantivische Zusammensetzung im'Deutschen als
syntaktisches Problem. Miinchen, 1972, ,

" , ,
", ,

, , -
.
.: Weinreich U. Explorations in semantic theory. In: Current
trends in linguistics, 3. The Hague, 1966.

12
1
14

68

.: Bierwisch M. Fehler-Linguistik. - Linguistic Inquiry, 1970,

N 1.

, .

404.

Weinreich U. Op. cit., p. 446; . : Kastovsky D. Wordformation,

or: at the crossroads of morphology, syntax, semantics, and the le,xicon. - Folia Linguistica, 1977, v. 10, N 1/2, p. 3.

 . , ,
- ,
"" . ,

, , pattern congruity. , .

,
. , . Holzdiebstahl Diebstahl von Holz aus dem Wald '
', Holz Wald.
aus dem Wald
;
"", , ""
.
, ,
, -
, . ,

. ,
.
, -, , ,

. - -
.
.
: ",
...". " " -s'
, - , - . , - , ,
.
.
,

"" , , .. ,
- .: - ,
.
69

 - . ,
, ,
,
. Cp.r GM ,
' ', brunch breakfast
lunch, Oxbridge Oxford Cambridge; , , ..
',


: ! 5.
, , . .
, (blends)
: .
, - -
, ,
laser light amplification
by stimulating emission of radiation , -, .
,
:
; ' .
, , , . , doctor
'' doc,-.
.
, . . "" : ... - (. .
,- . 57).

15

70

., , .. , "

"
.. ,
, 1, . 156.

,
(- .:

. , . ,
: . ""
. ,
.
, ,
. ,
(.: , -1978; 5, ., . 7).
, . .
- , , , ., . H-bomb ' ',
X-rays ' , V-shirt ' V- 1' .. . .

- . .

,
. . -,
-
, . ,
, .. .
.
:
.
-
, :

, ,
,

. - 71

 . ,
,
,
.
, - -*, -*,
- .. ,
, . . , , ,
New York London.

( );
. .
,
.
- -
, - --- I'''.

, . . "
" , , - -- ""18f ,
:
.
^

.: .. . .: ..
. ., 1968. - . , , 1970,
. 29, . 3.

72

.: E.G. ,
- . - , 1970, 2.
.: Skalifcka V. Hyposyntax,Slovo a Slovesnost; .. ( ""
). - .: 1967.
., "",
1968.

 to stay out '

to outstay
' , ,
', a- flow-out
' ()' - an
outflow ', '.
""1&,
, ,
. ,
, . to slide back
to backslide to wear out out-wear^O.
,
, , , ""

.
, (., , over- - put-).
, .


.
, overshoe ',
', '', underground - ' 1
'. 1 , . an outlock '', an outhouse
' ', ' ' .. (. to
run in, to come in, to swim in * to enter by coming, running,
to enter as if by swimming);
, .. , ,
, - . to override '
' ride ' ', understudy '-

.: E.G. . - .: . 1978, . 150' .

.: E.G., .. . - .: , . 3. ,
1975; .. . - .: . . . . . ,
. 135. 1978; Lipka L, Semantic structure and word-formation. Verb-particle constructions in Contemporary English. Miinchen,
Funk, 1972.
73

 ()' study ' - ',

overhead , ' ', '', ' ', ' ' ..

,

.

.
, ..
. ,
.
,
(
) .
,
, .
, ,
, , ,
, - , .

,

, , - , ,
, ^*-. .
, little stream ' ' ' 1'
streamlet '', ''; book '' booklet '',
''', John - Johnnie, . .
Journal du Canada Journal Canadien, systeme des planetes

systeme plan^taire . .
.
. . "^
, .. :

21
no

.: Gruber ]. Functions of the lexicon in formal descriptive grammars. Bloomington, 1972.

.: /man T.R. Affixation - a new direction in transformation
theory. - PEGS Paper, (Mont-Real). N 53, July 18, 1968,

,
, , , . .

 ,
, .' ', 1',
, car-driver one who drives the car ' ', .
''1', . grass-green green as grass,, blackstained ' ', , ''1, ..;
: When I'm doing a routine job that keeps my hand busy,
like washing dishes, I slide into a daydream, Now, as usual during
dishwashing time, I let myself slide into one ... (G. Finney. Time and
again. N.Y., 1970, c. 91). " ,
, ! ,
. , , "... (, ''')...; The judge said that Mr, Peter Dow
had been guilty of time wasting on a frighting scale'. But yesterday, Lord Justice James said: "There was here no question of misconduct in the sense of any deliberate wasting of- time for personal
advantage. (Morning Star or 11 . 1975, . 1).
, ,

(, \ ).
, , , , . .
, , . . ,
.: and yet like all children, they want to be thought grown up,and
free to do waht they think are grown-up things (A.Christie.Nemesis.
London, 1971, , 10-107>; her head and face had been bashed
in - t o ' delay recognition That disfigured face, that battered-in face
( , . 115
183), ( )
grown-up battered-in to grow up to bash in .
, ,
- ,

.
a bird-cage
' ' - , a cage '', acagobird-.,.bird ', '.
75

 , poisson-chat poisson "', oiseau-mouche oiseau '' .^ .

'
, . colibri "' - oiseau-mouche
1
-' oiseau qui ressemble a une mouche;' ', ' [ ] '; . silure '' poissonchat ''', , '-' poisson qui ressemble a un chat ", '.
. .
, ,
,
, ^
: oiseau-mouche oiseau qui est une mouche, ..
', ', '', '.
'

. , ,
(. , ) .

, - . ,

, .
, , ^.
. (. 1).

^^ .: . , ., . 243-244.
24
.: Ohnheiser I. Zur Wortbildungssynonymie in der russischen _
nominalen Wortbildung. Linguistische Arbeitsberichte,9Leipzig,
1974 (BeitrSge zur russischen Wortbildungslehre); ..
. ...., 1978.
76

 , nomina agentis

() - -.

. -,
: ', ,
',
, ' (. ,
).
' , ; , , .
. : "You feel sure, he was just a hit man sent by Randolph
'Wallender?" " Just a hitter" , Sam said, "whoever sent him" (J.Burke,
Death trick. London, 1976, c. 115), -
, , , hit man hitter, : " , , . .?" - " , - , -
".
, , -,
, ..
(4 nomina agentis - , nomina collectiva - , nomina acti -
..), -
,
,
. ,
hit man hitter, watchman watcher .. . hit man
watchman a man who hits, watches [professionally], a hitter
watcher one, who hits smth or smb one who watches smth. . .

.
,
. .
, , ,

, 77

 . ,
, , , , . ,
, ,
..,
.
, , :
, .. .
, ,
. -, . : , '
, , ,
.. ^^.
,
, , ..
, , , , 26.
" " ,
, ,
, , , 25
26

78

.: Kistovsky D, Wordformation, case grammar, and denominal adjectives. - Anglia, 1974, Bd 92, H. 1/2, p. 16.
.: ..
. . . ., 1960, . 64; .. .
. 5.

 ^?.
,
, ,
, , ~ . . , , , .
17 ^8.
, , , ,
, , .
, Honigbiehne , ,
Holzpferd ', '

"" "". " " , .
- ,
, . , , .
, , , ,
,
. ' .
-, .

, ,
,
.
,
. -

27

28

.: : Motsch W, Analyse von. Komposita mit zwei nominalen

Elementen. - In: Progress in Linguistics.The Hague, 1970; Brekle H.E. Generative Satzsemantik und transformationelle Syntax im
System der englischen Nominalkomposition. MUnchen, 197O; .. - . . .
. ., 1977.
.: Motsch W, Op. cit., . 219.
79


-. .
. , ,
, .
, ,
^. ,
apple-eating ' ', appleeater ' ' eating apple ' '
, , he eats apples * .
,
' : , he bakes something ' '
- a baker, , , , . , , . . (
: * }. .
.
, . , .

, , . , .
:

, .. , (>1
.
() , .-. >~
,

29
30

80

.: Marchand . The analysis of verbal nexus substantives. Indogermanische Forschungen, 196 \, Bd. 70, H. 1, p. 59. : Lipka L. Grammatical categories, lexical items, and word-formation. Foundations of Language, 1971, v. 7, p. 21-9; . Topicalization, case grammar, and
lexical decomposition in English. Archivum Linguisticum, 1976,
v. 7, p. 119-120, 129; Kastovsky D. Wortbildung und Nullmorphem. Linguistische Berichte, 1969, N 2.

" ?"
^!. ,
, : " ,
","324
, .: . , , , -, : , , ,

1 , , . - , - , , ,
, -^ ^, ,
, , , , ^, , . .
'

, ,
: . . salutare, ' , ', ' salus! !', ...
-' ""1 ' ""'
, -,
,
, , , - , . ,
' , . , , .;

. , , - .
.: ,. , ., 1976,
32 ^
1 , , 80.
33
. ; 0. , . 153.
34
.: -9. . - .: -
. 1974, . 320 crt.j Brekle .. Delokutive Verben. Ein sprechakttheoretisch fundierter Wortbildungstyp.Sprachwissenschaft, 1976, H. 4.

6. . 1985

81





, , HCTV.
-1-. ' . ,
, ,
,
v .

:
,
.
, : ^
. ,
1
, , . , , , , .
, .
, .
,
.
, , ,
, . , , . "
" ,
.
., : .. . .:
. . ., 1974
. 149; ,II.
. - .: . "", 1977, . 10.
82

 ( ) , ,
: . |,- ^.
.
, ,
, ,
. ,

. ,
.
,
- ,
,, . ,
, , .
"" , - , .
, . ! , ,
. , 1 ^. " " , , , .

.: .. . - .:
. . . 1979, . 7-8.
"** : Dokulil M. Tvolreni slov v ceStine, 1. Praha, 1962,
p. 196200, . .. , ..
: , 1969, 6.
83

 .
, ^ , . , ^.
,
, , '
() .
, 50-
, 7- ,
.
.", , ,
. |
, .
-, ,
'. " " ,
. Dokulil .
Zum wechselseitigen Verhaltnis zwischen Wortbildung und Syntax. .: Travaux linguistique de Prague, 1. Prague, 1967.
. 145 , . .. . - .:
. 1966.

*7

. : E.G. .
., 1974, . 147-U65; P.O. . - , ,
. , 12. , 1974.
.: .. . .
. . 1971,
. 31; ..

.-.: ..
1974, , 122.

84

.: P.O.-, ., . 26 ( .. ).

 , ,
.

. , .
,
.
: , ' , . .
, ,

, . (, )
. , ,
.
, , ., ,
^, ,
, minus-feature-*-". ,
-^, ,
,- .

'9

.: E.G. . .
. . 31; . : P.O.
. . . . , 1975, . 1-0}
.:
1970-1973 . . 1978, . 13, 13;
.. , ., . 9-10; .8, , .,
. 7 .
., : Bzdega.A.Z. Zur impliziten Ableitung im Deutschen.
Linguistische Studien, 56. Berlin, Akad. der Wissenschaften der DDR,
1979, S. 109.
.: .., -.^-, ..
.; ,'. .. . - .: .
, 1970.
85

 ,
, , ,
.
- ,
!^.
,
, , , , , ! 3.
npnaHak . -'-^, -, !^. .
, ,
- "" , , .
, ., , , (.. ), - (.. . ,
), . '
-1-
-

12

13

14

.: .., .. "",- .:
. ., 1966, .5lj
.. . . . 8.
.: . ,, .. .- .:
. ., "", 1976, . 226 .
.: Dokulil M. Tvoreni slov ..., . 193.
.: . .
. - .: . ., 1975, . 184-185.
. . . - ,
1967, 6, . 7; . Dokulil M. Zur Frage der, Stellung
cier Wortbildung im Sprachsystem. Slovo a Slovesnost, 1968,

86

 , .. . "" "" (Gruppenbedeutung)!? .

,
, .


, ' , ,
, , , , , . ,
-^
() ,
-'-
- ,
, , .. ,
, '
.
,
, , . .. ^!, . R. 28, . 13. , .. ( ..
. - .: .
1959, . 139; Chi tie.
. -". . -, ., 1967, . 76. . 50).

17 . . .
IS

20
21

., : .. .
, 1969, . 33; .. . - -
.: - . , 1973, . 112-113.
., : ff.fi.
. - .: . ,
1970; .. , ., . 5 .
.. . 1961, . 33.
., . .
., 1973, . 184.
87

 , , , ,
, . , , modus vivendi .

-
, .

,

^ 2.
, ,
(
), ,
- (
), , - ,
. , ^
. , , ..
.
22

23

88

.: .. (
). - .: . ., "", 1974;
. . - JCH.: , .,
1979, . 66; . . - , . 87.
.: .. "" "" . - .: - .
1975, . 52; ..
. - . .
, 1977, 4, . 15.

 , -, , ' , -, . 1
,
, .
, , ; ( )
; , - ,
, .

(), , , , , , , , . ., ,
.. , "... , -*
"24.

^. ,
: 26( , ^'?, , ^ ..

24
25

26

<

.. , ., . 113.
. " , ()
("").. .. ~
, , 26. , .
.: .., . ,- .: . , 1976,
. 75-76.
., : .. - . . . .
-1974, . 11.
.: E.G. . .: ( ). "",
1977, . 287-300.
89


, . , ,
,

(
). ,
, * . , , - , . ,
, ,
, , .

, , . ,
. , " , ,
"29< , . (. -)
(. , ),
.
-, - , .
, ,

, .. .

,
"" ""^. -

29
30

90

.: ... , ., . 16.
/
.: P.G. . .: .. .
., 1977. - , 1979, 2, . 151.


,
.. '!. ,
, ,
32( , , - -
.
, , , , , .
,
.

. ., , . , ", , "33. , ,
? -, , ,
, - ; .
, . ,
. ,
1966 , .. .. ,
-
' 34( 1967 . ..

() , ^.

31
32

33

.
, , . .: ..
( )-.-. , 1972, 14.
.: . .
, 1972,2, . 86.
.: .., .. , ., . 6.

35

.: .. ..., . 31.
91

 , " ,
, "^.
. 70- ;
, "
"^, . ,
.- .
,

.
,
, ,
.

. , " ", .. ,
" 38t 0 -. ,
, ,
' . ,
, , -
, - -? , ""? ., , *
.. , , , "

"^ 9.

Y
38
*^Q

92

.: . , ., .

112.

.: JI.M. , ., . 10; .. , .,
. 8; .. , ., . 184.
.: ..
( ). ...., 1976, .12.
.: .. -
. . . . ., 1974, .1^'

 (
),
? - ~
, () , : '
- ',

' ', .. ,
() .. -, - .
, , , , - "" -
. -
.
.. : "...

' ' '( - | 1 ). ' * -(): ' , , ,
-: ' ',
' 1, ' '
.. 40
? ? - - ? ,
, , ^,
( , ,
, " ", "
" .), , , (
' , .
).
,
,' "" ,

40

.. . - ,
1974, 2, . 73.
93

 ^!. , ,
,
. , ^* .
, , ,
.
, , , ,
. , ^, ,
,
, ,
.

, .

'"-, - -

41

.: ..
. - , 1975, N 6; ., . - ,
1. , 1972, . 92,
"
"; . .
. , 2, , 109,

42 , .. , ., . - (.
. 176 .).
43 ., : ,< ? -, 1968, 2, . 53.
44 CM. , : : Worth D.S,,
Kozah A.S., Johnson D.S. Russian derivational dictionary. N . Y . ,
197O; BJ1. . . . 14-15, , " .
,
" .
94

 , , ^.
"" ,
.
(
,
) .. ,
1946 , : "...

,,
"46.
,
, ( ,
, " " ; . ..),
, ,
, .
, .. , "

, .. -
"'*'. , ,
^,
. ,
(-, .

43

. E.G. . - .: . .
. ., 1974, . 91-94.
46 .: .. . .: ' .. . .,
, 1949, . 421.
47 .: .. . - .:
1971. ., "",
1972,
. 174.
48 CM. : E.G.., .. , .,
. 222-223; E.G.
. ., "", 1978, . -80.
95

 -
,
).
,
(
, ). , - , , ( ) - - () -
. ,
(, , ..).
, , , () , . ,
-
: , .
,
.
- . .., , ,

"*: ,
.
70- , ';' ,

, , ' - , ,
. , <?
- " ,
,
49

.: .. ..., .

50

E.G., ... , ., . 229.

96

185.

,
"51. , . 60- , . , (rests) , 52.
, , , , .
, -,
, ,
-
. , , , .

, . , .., " -
,
- "^^.
,
(. .. .)
. , - ,
,
( ) ^'*.
51

E.G. ..., . 76, . . 52.

52

'

.: Marchand H. The categories and types of Present-day English

word-formation. Wiesbaden, I960 2 nd ed. Munchen, 1962, p. 2.
53
.: P.O. ..., . 10-11.
54
. : E.G. , . 252 .
7. . 1985

97

 ,
; , ; , ;
,
.
-
, ,
.
,
,
-0 /^ : ,
; , "" - "" "",
.
( )

',
.
. ,
, ,
^ .

55

.: , , ., . 243; ,. . , 1934,
. 53.
- ""
(.: .. . - Ceskoslovenska Rusistika,
1972, v. 17; 4, . 146),
, -,
,
.

57

. : .. ( ). .
, . ., 1976, . 36.

.: ..
, , . . ., 1970, .
98

 ,
() .
, ', ,
'
. () .


( ), , -. , .
,
, , ,

.

, ,
" "- ;
,
, .
,
,
. ,
, , , , - , .: .., . -.:
.. . ., 1959,
. 421.
99

 , .
.
' , , . , , - ,
.
(
, .. .

,
, .. ,
, , .
.,
,
"
", , , " "^. . -,
" ' , .. , "3. ,
, " ..., "^. .^ , .

- , .. , -, , -.
,
2

.: Dokulil M. TvoYeni slov v ceStine, 1. Praha, 1962, . 191.

, . 196.
4 .
5.: E.G. . - .:
( ). ., 1977, . 55; .
. - .: ( ). ., 1978, . 262 .
100

 - . , - .
, - . .
" , - , , "".

, ,
, , , .. , - , ,
, , ,
.
,'..
'
.
,
,
, ,
.
. '
-
, , . ,
, , ,
, , . , ,
,
.
-
-.
-,
, ..
(
-
), (
,
), , , ( " .: .. " " ( ?) - , 1977, . 36, 1, . 16.
101

 ).
,
( , ,
, , , . , ,
;
, , . , .).
-, -
(.. , ) - , .
,
,
,
(, , , , - ; , , , -
,. , , ),
-,

( ).

, .
. " ,
:
,
.- -
, . : , ,
, ,
, 1
() .
, -
,
, , ,
,
, , , ,
102

. .
- , , " - - ", ,
.
(, , ) , , ,
, ( ).- , ,
, ,
, .
, X (, ,
), (, ,
), , " ", " ", " ()". , , , , ..
, , . . ,
. -

.
(. 2).

103

 -,
"". -, ,
,
, -, , (.
) ' , -.

, , ,
-
. , - .

, .
, , .- , , ,
.
-, - ", " (. 3).

, , (
), .
, CKpbfr
( ), (
) : "" , , 104

 ; - ' .
"", ..: ,
, , "" ""^. : " - , ,
, : " ", " "," -
(-)", " -" '.. & ( .$,). ' ,
, "
, , "9.

:
, . " , ", " , ' " .. , , -
,
(, ), , (), .
, , --
.
, ,
(. ' ',-
, *), ( ', -0' '
-', ',
' ' '... ..)
(. ' ' .' ',
' ', .).
, , . , "
" " ..,
"
, ,
7 .: .. "" . - .: . ., "", 1973, . 55.
8
.
0

.
105

, () (. > ; he works * he is a worker),

" , "
(. , -*), " ,
" (. , examinee ', ', a trainee
', ' .).
, ,
- - ,
, .
. , - , .- ,
, ,
- ,
- ,
, .,
, ,
' ..
'', ,
. , ,
- , ,
, ,
. , , : -
, - . -, -
-.
, ,
, ""
( ) , , via
. , ,
,
, . , , ,
,' .. ,

, , , 106

 , -
.
, ,
, , , . , " "

' , ,
,
.
, - .
-70
" .
" ^ .
-, ,
, ,
" " ' ", ",
", ", ", -" .. .
, ,
,
, , . , ,
(), .
,
,
.
,


, .
,
, ,
.
, "
",
.. . .: . ., 1977, . 7 .
11 .: .. . - .:
1971. ., 1972, . 174.
107

 ..12,
: - -. ,
.. ( ) .
"
"! .
() .
, , , , , .. ' ,
, . , G3 , .
, ' " , "^4, () .
,
,
, , . . , , , .
' , .,
, , -* ; : (,
) .tf ! , , , ,
.
,
, ,
12.: .. . - .:
. . .,
"", 1974, . 67.
13

, . 68.

!4 , . 78.
108

,
: , . ,
, , , , ..
:
() . , .,
, , , ,
, ' . ,
if .
, ,
" ,
"15 _ 1 , " ( ) - "16, ,
-
, , .
, , , 1'''.

:
" ", , - , ,
(),
.
, , , , ", " .,
: , -

.: , ,
, L972, 2, . 89.
.: ,. . . . . ., 1976, . 31-32.

^7 CM. : . . - , 1979, 5.

109

 - ,
, - ^ .

" ", , -, (
"", "" "").

-,
. :
, (
), - - ; , , (
) - ; .
, , ,

. -, , ,

, , . ,
.
, . , , . ,
, ,
, ^ .: .. , ., . 68, ,

,
. . : ..
. ., 1972, . 135; ..
. ., 1974;
~ .. . - .: - ..
. ., 1974, . 11, 15 .;
E.G. . .,
1978, . 45.
110


. ,
' . , , ,

, , , ,
.
.
. , ,
;
.
, ; , - ,
. -, .
.
,

, , ( "", " -", " -", ""
..). ,
'
, ,
- ,
.
<?2155:
. : , , ..
"" .
-
-
- , , .

"+ ", "+ ", + ".
:
. , 111

, ' ',
' '. . '
', - ' ' ..
, - , ; ; nomina actionis.
, ,
,
,

. , , . ,
, . , , ,
. , "" "
" ,
.

, - (.
.;-1-?).
. ^?8- .
, . ,

, - . .
, "" , . '
', ' ' (.), '
', ' ,
.. ' '.

,
1

- .: .. . .,
"", 1973, . 107.

 . -
- ,
: DieBouquinisten am, Quai tun ihre Kasten auf, und das frische oder vernutzte Gelb der Biicher, das violette .Braun der Bande,
da/3 gro/ Grun einer Mappe: alles stimmt, gilt, nimmt teil und bildet eine Vollzahligkeit, in der nichts fehlt (R.M.Rilke. Werke. Auswahl ' in zwei Banden. Bd. 2. Berlin, 1959, S. 18),
(das Gelb
der Bucher, das violette Braun ..)
,
(.. -
). : ' ,
- , -
' , - ,
'.
She pointed to a large square canvas ... It did'nt mean anything
at all, but it was nonetheless very decorative and suitable to the
room, which was all whites and browns and yellows"... (L.R.Banks.
The Backward Shadow. London, 1978, p. 27),
, 'X.. ...
, ,,
'.,
,
- , , ,
'. ,
.

,
, sui generis,
,
,
.
,

-
. , ,

20

.: .. . .,
1976.

8. . 1985

"",

113

 . . , , ,
,
.

-
', - "

. -, ,
, .
.
G3.
, ,
..
. . , " ., . :
, ,
.
.., .

. , .' *^ -
" " , " " , , ,
, 22.
, , , ,
.

21

22

114

.: .. . .: . , 1979,
. 7.
.: .. . .: . . "", 1976,
. 224.

,
,
, ,
', , -
, . .
, , ,
,- ', ,
- . , ,
, .
, , ,
- ,
, . . , . - ,
,
^ .
, ,
,
,
, , .
.
, , ,
, , , ,
, , , , .
, , , , ,
, . 115

, ,
, ,

, .

- . .
, , , , -
. ,
, - ., - ,
. , , , , , , , , , ,
, . ,
-'-.' , ,
( ') (,
), (, ,
), . ,
, ': ...? (, , , ..) ?

, , , ( , ,
) - .
, , ' - ,
.

.: .. . - .: .. . ., 1974,
. 79; .. .
., 1972, . 136.
. : E.G.
. ., 1978,

116

 , , ,
() .
. (
) , () (, ). , , , , , - .
.. ,
, , ,'-, , , ,
4.
,
, .. '.

. . , , , -
. ,

.: , ' . - .: . N\., "", 1974, . 36 .

.: :- - .. ,
. 22, 31; G.G. ,
. . . . ., 1974,
.23.
5 ~

., , , ... ' -
( ), - .'. , ,
, .. " ( .. . - .: . ., "", 197S, . 172.

117


.
, ().
, ,
, ~ , -
. - ,
, , , , ,
. , ,
.
, / .

. , , , / ..
,

,
. ,
- , , , ,
.
, , , , -
(. -, -, -
.). /.

, .. , , .
,
.
- ,.
118

 . , - .
, -,
,
. ,
,
- ; , , ' () ';
.
:
. - - .

, , ,

(*+ "), - -
. - '-*, ( - ,
- ).

(- '*,
*). , , -
,'
(, ),
. , , .
,
, :
- , . , , , , , ,
. , ,
, ,
, .
. , " ,
' , , , , '
119

 . , , . , , , ( ) () , .
. ,
,
, .. ,
. , , , 6.
,
, . ,
. ,
, (. 4):

- ; , , , '
. , (,
, ) , -

6 .: .. . - .: 1972. '*, 1973,-. 361 .,

.. . ., '*, 1964, . 9; .,
..., . 47.
120

 - ^; (" "), " ("",

" ") (" ") ..
,
.
-, , '- .
ETRE "", FAIR "" AVOIR " .
,
, .
, ( )
, ( , , ..), ,
,
..). ( -., , , '
..), (, , , ,
..) , ( - - ).
,
,
, , '
. .
, ,
(
)', , -, ;
- - ,,
(. . 4),
.
' 1 ' /'- ' ' ' ' .
. ,
. : . "" +

.: .. . .,

. 126 .

1976,

. . .,
1955, . 283; ..
; . . . ., 1978,
. 7.

121

+ "" (" ...*) - '" "",

. ' ' = " , ",
' ' = " , "
. - "".
, - ( ) "-<,
." . , ""
"" (, ) ""
"" (. , );
"" ( -) - . "" ( ) - .
, .
"" - "" (. , ) "".
, - , .
.
, . '( ), .
, ,
, , ,
("") (). : , .. .
, ,
(, ,
).
- , , ,
.
-
,
( ). , '
, .

122

 , " , *. '*
, ..-, , .
'* '' + ''. ,
.. ,
, " ".
-, ,
. , ( - , ) "*
" ", " "'(. .
, , , to water ' ') . , :
. Olen 01 '* ' 1 '-', , to sugar sugar '' '', .. ' ' '', .. ''
..
, , , .
,

: "" .
, ,
, ,
.
() , ,

"" -
. ' ,
.: Brodowska-Honowska . Zarys klasyfikacji polskich derywatow.
Wroclaw, 1967, p. 70.
.; .. . - .: . ., '*, 1974,
. 122-123; ..
. - , , 1967, 5, . 126.
123

 (
) , ,
(. 5).

, , , , ..
,
. . () -*.. ; ()- ;
( ) -> ; ,
() - ..

, ^
. ,
.
,

- (.
)
(. ) ..,
' t , :
( 5 ) () ( i j. ).
( . ' ) ( ). (.6).

124

, , , "" . ,
( ), -
,
. -
, ,
; , -
.
,
,
, , , , , ,
-.
,
, . ', *
...', (.. ) . , - ' ', - ', -', ', , ' ..
- .
(atomic predicates)
l^-. ' -^,

11
"", (. . , . .). . : Lipka L. Semantic structure
and word-formation. MUnchen, 1972, p. 37; Kastovsky D. Zur Situation
der lexikalischen Semandk. In: Perspektiven der lex-ikalischen Semantik. Bonn, 1980, S. 2.
12
, .
"" ( ) "" (
), , ( 9.
. - .: . . ., 1974,
. 2121-213; . : . ., "",
1977,
. 78 85.
125

 ~ 13.
, , ^, .
, , .
, , ,
. CAUSE ' , '; HAVE, MAKE, USE ; IN FOR
, -
; COMPOSED OF ' ', ' ',
RELATE TO ' ' . 1^ , ..
(
).
RESEMBLE ' ', ' ':
' ', .. / ..

- .

13

14

.: Motsch W. Analyse von Komposita mit zwei nominalen Elementen. - In: Progress in Linguistics. The Hague-Paris, 1970, p. 214
.; Lipka L. Grammatical categories, lexical items and word-formation. - Foundations of Language, 1971, v. 7; Kastovsky D. Word-formation, case grammar and denominal adjectives. Anglia, Bd. 92,
H. 1/2, p. 7.
., , , . ,

, .: Dane^ F, Some
thoughts on the semantic structure of the sentence. - Lingua,
1968, Bd. 21; ..
. - .: . .,
1966, . 250" ., . .
.: Ljung M. English denominal adjectives. A generative study of
the semantics of a group of high-frequency denominal adjectives in
English. Lund, 1970; , :
Boas .U. Transpositional and semantic adjectives revisited. In: Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn,
1977,
p. 20,

126

 .. ^6, : , , , ,
, . .. ^. , , , , . ,
-
!^,
, . (, , ..),
- .
..
- , ,-
(. 7).

""
, . , . ()
.: Hatcher A.G. An introduction to the analysis of English noun
compounds. - Word, I960, v. 16, N 3, p. 367.

18

.. .
.,
1959.
.: ..
- . - .: . ., 1971, .107
.

127

 , ,
,
- () ..

, : , . ,
(countable nouns vs mass-nouns); , ANIM,
(, , , ..) ( PERS , personal) -
( FUNC - , function) ..
; , - J C3, , ..., (, } ',
' (, ), ', ,
()...1 (, ), ', ...' ( )
.

, , ; . - , -* , ->
- , -^ . , . ;,
, . ',
...'. , , : ',
... ' ', , , ...'.
,
( ), ,
.

, IN, FOR . (. ' ',
' ' ..).

, !^ , , '

128

.: : - ..
. . . . ., 1974,
.

 ,
(. 8).

, , ... ,
, , , ,
.
-, .. ,
, ,
- , : ) ,
, ) )
.
. 1
,
. '...' - , ; '/...' - , ;
"" .
: , . , ; -, ;
- - , ; . , ; , - ( , . . 7), , ,
(. . 6); . ',

9. . 1985

129

', ' , ", ', ' . - , ,

.
: . ,
; ..
, .
, - , , . ,
, , .. , ,
, , , , .
, ,
- .. .
, , ,
.

, .. ,
" , (. - ., . - ., .- ., .-*
- . ..) "20.
21. , , .
, (.
* . ..), (. - .
..) , .
, ,
, . , ,
- , 20

.: ..

. - , 1979, 4; . 101-102.
"1

130

.: E.G. , , . - ,
1974, 5.

 . ,
, - .
, ,
-
( "", "", "", "", "",
"" ..) " " .
- ,
, , ,

.
" " , , ,
, ,
. - . '
.
, ,
, , ,
, , , ..
, atomic predicates , ,, (IN, FOR .),
. ,'
: , -
,


, , , , , , , " /",
//" .. ,
. , ,
, ,
.
, .
( ) . 131

 (., , ."" - "", "" - "" .).

: ,
- . .
, - , ,
-
.
.
, .. , , ,
"*
, (),
(), ""
( .? ), ( * * ).
, . .
, (
),
. , , , ,
, .
, ,
, , ,
,
( ), , '

( ). , . , .
, , ,
, . ,
.
132



. , ,
, : "
" , , ( ), .
" ",
' ?
, ., , , , . '. , ?

, , , . - , ..
? ,
, ,
. (
)
. , , , .
, 9, , ,
, , . '
,
.
.. ' *1, .., , ' , ...

,.
. .-' .: . .,
1952, . 75.
.. . ., 1968,
. 81-82; . :' .. . - .: - . , 1973, . 27.
133

0 ..
, ,
1*,
, ' , , ,
, 5.
, , , ,
.
, , , " "

" "", , '''. , " " , .
, .. ' ,
.

.. . - . ,
14, . 139.

1972,

.: : " ( ) - , ( )
" ( ..
. - .: . , 1974, . 98); . :
. . - ,
1972, 2.
., , -70. ., "", 1970, . 39; .
: "... , " ( ..
. - , . 113).

>

.: P.G, . . . . , 1975, . 10.

, . 12.
134

 (..
) , ,
:
, - : ",
* ..8
..,
, , , ' * ( ), ^. - ,
.
, ' , .
/*, "* ,' * .., . ,
. , ,
,
,
.
, ' * '*, "* -
$ (.
-* , -> .), . -- - ( ), , . - , ** ' - . , , : , ,
, .
-, ( ) , , , .

., : ..
.
1977, . '1-3.
135

 , , . ,
, . ,
,
.
,
, : .
- ; ; - . , - , -
.

, ; , . ,
, . 4, 7-8 . , , , , ..
- ,
.. . , , ,
, " (),
, ".
, , "*, "*
.. .
,

.: .. ( ). - .: . ., 1979, . 97-98.
:..
. - .: ' . ., 1974.
1

136

, . 129.

 . ,
, -
. ,
, .
, , ,
. , ,
.

, , , . ,
. - (..
) , , , , , -
, ,
.
: " ",
"...", " Ha..." t " -" .. (.
'...' '...', '
...' ' . ...', ' , ...' ..). , , ,
'.
, ...,
, .../ ,
TOMj , ,
.
- - .
. - , , - .
- , (, -
, ),
.
,
137

 * ' 12.
1967 . .. , , " " ''13. , - !^, , ,
(.. "", "", "", "" ..),
.
, -- ,
, , ", "
(. , , - ,
..). -- --
- ,
' .
.., . -- ,
, . , ),
-- ( ,
) 15, . ,
..
, , ( -

12

13

14

15

138

.: C.G. . - .:
().
, 1974, . 7.
.: .. . .: - . . . 75- . ... ., 1967.
., : .. (
). . . . ., 1971;
.. . - . .
, 1971, 6; KastovskyD. Word-formation, case grammar and
denominal adjectives. - Anglia, 1966, Bd 92, H. 1/2; Boas .U.Transpositional and semantic adjectives revisited. In: Perspektiven der
Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn, 1977.
.. . .,
"", 1977, . 40-41.

 ,
, . , , .), ( - - ), ,
,

. ; , - ,
- or , .
-
( .) . : ., , : -
, (- -, -(), -() .); -

, .. (. , ,
,, ); - , (. , ; , )16.
-,
,
.

, ,
,
.
, ,
,
.: .. (
- ). . . .
., 1972, . 4-5.

139

 ' -7. " ", -

, .
,
,
?-^.
, , , , ,
, - . , , - , ^.
, ,
( , ,
)
. , , .
.. , , ;
.
, ,
,
, :

17

18

.: .. . .: , . , 1970; .., .. ". - .: . .,- 1966;

G.G. , ., . 10 .; E.G., ..
. - .:
. ., 1976, . 226
.; .. . ., 1978, . 25.
. , - . (Doroszewski W. Kategorie s/owotwoYcze. - Sprawozdnia Toworzystwa Naukowego, 39Warszawa, 1946); E.G. ' . ., 1974, . 158 .

140

, "", "", "", "" - , ,

. ,
. -,
, .
, .
, . , ,

, -
. , - , , ,
. *^
',

^ , ^.
,
,

.
, . ,
, - , , , - .

20

21

. : .. - . . . . .
., 1974, . 11.

E.G. , , . - , 1974,
5, . 74.
22 .. . - .:
( ). "*, 1977,
. 287'.
141

 .. " , .... " ^; , " ,

, ,
"241
.
. , ,
,
, , .
: ,
- .
; ' , ,
.
-
? -, . - " "25(
. , ,

. ,
,
,
.
,
- ,
. , (. -, - .). ,
"" ,
.
, , . .
, , 3 . . , . ., 1941, . 19.
24 ., . ., 1955, . 39; G - .. . - .: - .. . ., 1974, . 34.
2?.: ..' ( ). - . , ,
1973, . 32, , 4, . 353.

142

 ,
,
.

, ,
.
,

(

), . .
, .
, ' , , , , (| },
. ,
,

.
- ,
.. , , - , , , . - , .
- , . - , , . ,
(. , , ). ( ) ' ' :.- (
), . ,
. -
, i - .
143

 .. . , "' , ,
, .. , "", - , - ""
: ,

J7 07

*'
,
. -less deprive of '* , - , "" .
" " 28< g ,
, , ,
&
sassiGKT --5'9-8
.
"" . .. , ,,
, - - -

' .

, , , , . . , -less - ,
. (. tactless, ' ', bloodless '', lifeless '* ..). , '' ,
""' ,
, .

* .. - . - .: . ., 1963.
27 ... . - .: 1972.
., 1973, . 272.
2

.: P.O. ' . - .:
*
. . . ;, 1974, , 150.

144

 ", , '',
.. ,
.
, - . , ,
. , , - , .
, ,- '
, .
,
"
OQ

""*.

'

'

.


, , . , g , ,
. - ,,
., "
" .
', . - -, , , ,
.. - , - .. -,
, (), .. .
^.: - .,
t'. ., "", 1975, . 96.
*

.: . . , .1972, 2, . 86.

10, . 1985

145

 , ,
. , ,

. '
, .. , , .
. .
" , , - .-, . , ". , , ' , , . ,
. glace '' periode glaciaire ' ' - , ..
.
un froid glacial ' ' ,
,
?. , . , . ^.
. ^, .
- .
, , "", .. professor
' - professorship
'',
.
^ .: . (1032). ., 1955, . 143.
3
,, . 130.
4 .: . . - .: . . .,
1962.
Marchand . Expansion, transposition, and derivation, La Linguistique, 1967, N l . p . 17.
146

 , .,
,
.
-, , , . abgrenzeh '* - Abgrenzung ''
.. ,
(,
- ), , ( - nomina agentis, nomina loci, nomina
instrument! ..). ^.

.
-, .
,
, . -, - ..
, , , , , overshoe . ,
, , , .. .
, ,
. , , . , .
, ( , ) .
-, - -..
6

.: Dokulil M. Tvofeni'slov v c'es'tine, 1. Praha, 1962 . Zur

Theorie der Wortbildungslehre.. - Wisa, ztscht. der Karl-MarxUaiv. ('Gesellschafts- und Sprachwiss, Reihe, N 17), Leipzig,
1968.

' ., ..
.
8 .. .. , .. , ..;.. .. -under
. . . . ., 1978;
.., . " .: - . ,
1977.
147

 . - .
, , . .
,
() (Entwicklung),
.. ,
.,
,
. , .
schon -> Schonheit ,
. ,
,
, , . '
11
.

,
.,
, ^ 2.

.: Skoumalovd Z. Status tzv. kmenotvornych pK'pon slovesnych v

slovanskych jazycich, zvla'Ste' v ruStine. Praha, 1975, c. 512, 251;
Guniher E..Zur Frage des Verhaltnisses der Wortbildung zur Grammatik. - Linguistische A'rbeitsberichte, 9. Leipzig, 1974, c. 30-31; P-uzynina ]. Transpozycja, mutacja, modyfikacja. Poradnik Jes., 1978,
z. 5; Grzegorczykowa R., Puzynina J. SJfowotwoYstwo wspolczesnego
j^zyka.polskiego. Warszawa, 1979, c. 28 .
.: Coseriu E. Inhaltliche Wortbildungslehre. - In: Perspektiven der
Wortbildungsforschung. Bonn, 1977, S. 55.

E.G> . .: , , . ., "", 1976,

. 80
1 5
"^., , .. . - , 1; . . .,
1979, . 33; .. . . ., 1973, . 184-185; E.G. , , . - , 1974, 5, . 73; .
.... . 70-75; .. . . .
. ., 1977, . 6.
148

 ^- ,
-^, iio
, ^.

, .
.,. ",
"-'-, .. .
, , ." ,
, "!'''. ,
: ~ ~ . , ,
,
.
, - , , :
1)
, voir '' - prevoir '', . , -; 2) - . , , ..
: (
)',

. (. '')?
, ,
, , - , - "
1

., , .. . .,
1976, . 78.

^ ., , . .: The Slavic -Word. The

Hague-Paris, 1972, p. 141; .. . . . . ., 1&76.
. 36.
15 , ()
() . .
16

.: . , ., . 63.

17

, . 61-62.
149

 ( ), -'-. , , - .
, ,
: , , ,
, .
, , (. , , .),
, , , . : , .

. , , ,
, - , ,
-,
. : , - ( ) (. . 4, 7-8).
"" - . , ,

. .
.
, , , , , , , (., ,
..).
, , , -,
. : -, 18

150

, . 63.


, ,
-.
., , -> ,

, .. . - , , - , . :
"", ,
, - .
,
!9.
, ,
, - - :

. ' .
, .

: -, ,
, , :
. ( ) .
~ ,

. ,
:
( ), - , (. ' /, '/').
19

,
" " .:
.. (
). - . , , 1973,
. 32, . 4, . 354. ,
, .
151

 , ' , -^. , ,
, nomina agentis, nomina loci , - , (. ,
- -).
, , . , , ,
-
- , .. (- ) . ,
., , , " ,
' , ,- , , ( , , , , ., , . . nasytenie ~ nasycovanie
.
, ,
, , . ,
, . , , . .
- , . . - . , - .
; - ,
, - *
, ',
,
.: .. . - .:
1971. ., 1972, . 194-19S21 .: The Slavic Word, The Hague-Paris, 1972, p. 140; . ., ,
, .., .

152

 "", "", : , ,
- ; , , - ; , ,
, , . - -.
,
(. , ,
.). .. - , " "22 . "4
, , , , , -
,
- , , , - .
, - -
. .
. ' ^ ( . ^ .. ,
, - , . 25,

,
'.. -
. , . "*' ( - ) , , :
, , , ,
.. ^, , ,
- (^ .: .//. , ., . 29.
23

.: Strong ... Aspects pf the history of the -er- formative in English. - f PhS, 1969. London, 1970.
24
Esau H, Nominalization and complementation in Modern German. AmsterdamLondon, 1973.
25
Strang B.M.tf. Op. cit.

26

Worth D.S. Ambiguity in Russian derivation.-In:The Slavic Word,p.l20.

153

), ,
, ,
? ,
- ? -
, ' , *^',
, , ,
- , .
-,
-
, ..^",
- . ;
, . - , .
*
-> , , , , . -, , , . -
OQ0
''
, , ,
- ,
- - , - .^.
, , ,
, ..
,
/ ..
PV

^'.: .. .
.' . . ., 1976, . 205, . (.: . . .
. 130-131).
2 .: .. , . 34-35.
29 .: ..
. - .
, , 1972, . 32, . 2.
.: ,. . *-, 1, . 184.
.: .. . - , . 156.
154

 , ,
, , , ""
.
.. , "
( , ,,
) "3^ ,
, /
, ANIM. ' , , ,
- , - ' ,
", ' ' (nomina patiens),
, - . .. , '
- , -^
-, "3 .
, .-,

. , . , , . , - ( ) "" (.. ) . , ,
- ' "''*. , ,
:
- , -.
criminal^ criminal2 criminal law ' ' * the law is -criminal criminal actions '
' These actions are criminal. - - ( 32

.:

.. , ., . 38.

33

.: ..-. , ., . 8.
4 .: Boas H.U. Transpositional and semantic adjectives revisited. In: Perspektiven der Wortbildungsforschung.-Bonn, 1977.

155

, . childish '-' like a child ' '). , . ,

- , ," ., " "^.

, CAUSE,
HAVE, MAKE, USE, BE,- IN FOR; : . Russian planes
' * Russian-owned Russian-made planes
, "" "
" ( ), "" "" - ,
.. .
-, (
) (
) , .
, , ,
,
- .
, , (
, ..
..) 37 .
' 38.
, , . ., ,
, '
. , ,
; .
35

'.: Marchand H, On attributive and predicative derived adjectives

and some problems 'related to the distinction. Anglia, 19, Bd.84,
p. 131; Kastovsky D. Word-formation, case-grammar, and denominal
adjectives. - Anglia, 1971, Bd. 92, N 1/2.

36 .: Boas H.U. Op. cit., p. 21,

37 .: ., . ., 1970, . 164;
.. , ., . 8.
><58
.: . ..-
, ., 1977, . 24.
156

, , ,
" "
. ,
-,
(, , , ..),
. - ,
. -
- . : . , , , . , , ,
, , . , .
, ~
. ,
" " " "
: ,
.
,
, :
"... , -
.., -
"40
'
,
- ,
39

:
.. . - , 1979,
4. , , * ,
.
.: .. . .: . ., "",
1976, . 96.
157

 . , "

"'*! _ , .

,
- , .

, , .. . ,
.
- , , "" ""
. , , , .
, . " '
, ..

.
, ,
: 41

, . 95.

.: .. . , 1974, . 212,
" -*
",
.. ii ,
'
158

 ,
- ,
, . -, , , , ,
, .
, , ,
(
),
. , ( "" ) ,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,

, - ,
,
(), . , -

, -
.
, , , () ( ,
; ..)
-
, .
, , ( - 159

 '* -
) . , , ,
, , ; ,
. , . , : ,
' (. , ' ,
'- ). , . , , - , -, -
, - , - .
, , ,
, : ,
, , ,
( -, ), , , ,
- .
, ,
.
, (. .
, . , ..)
,
,
:
- , . "" ,
,
.
2

. : .. ,
. .-., 1965, . 58; .. , ., ,
. 71; .. -
. ., "", 1968;
.. . ., "", 1965;
...
. ., " ",
1974, . 58.

160

, ,
, - ,
.
- , ,
, . , , ,
,
.
,
;
.


( ,
).
-
'
.
, ,

, , ',
.
, - .

^ - ..
, ,
,
, ,
,
, .
, -

, Q

. : ..
. - , 1968, Ms 2,
. 53.

1/2 11. . 1985

161


.
3
, , .
(, )
: , - .
: , , .
,
, , , , ; :
,
, , ,, , .
, , (. - ' ',
' ', ' ' ..);
, . ,
, , ..
. - -
.
, .,

,
- ,
.
*
" ,
.
, ,
, / -16
, : "

162

 . , ... ,
, . , , ,
, - ,

.
- '
, " ' ".
- ",
", - " ". .
"", " ",
"" .., -
(. , ).
, 1) - ,
' , " * ', 2) , ,
' - ; 3) , -
1
' '. -' ..
(., , ' ',
... ' " ..).
,
("" "")
( ),
. , . --
, ; ,
.

,

(, . -- ), .
,
. .: -
,., , 0
, . - .
, " (. .
, . 24).
" ,
, . (..
163

 3( , , , , ,
.
, () '* -
, , , , -
- ,
. ,
" *,
,
, , .
-, , , ,
,-
,
, .. , ,
.
,
- ^. , ,

,
.., ,

.
, , . , ,
.
! , . , () , 4

., : .. -
( ). . . . ., 1979.
., : Brekle H. Generative Satzsemantik im System der.Englischen Nominalkomposicion. MUnchen, 1976.

164

 ,
, . ,
, , - , ,
,
,
.. - , , -( )
.
,
''': , , -*.
, :
. -* , he is reading - he is a reader; , - ..
, ,
,
, . n'est pas logique -> c'est illogique,
- .
,

- .
,

.
,
,
: )
; )
,
; )
( ).

,
, ,
, ,
, . - " * , .

.. . .:
.. . ., 1976.
.: E.G.
. - , 2.

165

 - , , - - .


. ,
, ,
.
( , ) .

: . . . , ,
,
. .
( .
).
-
"" ,
. , '
, , .. ,

.
, , ,
,
- .

.
(
- ) ,
, .
,
, -, .

- ,
. -

166

, - ,
, ,
, , ,
. ,
-.-,, - , ,
. ,
, "", "" "".
, ,
)
"" , , )
, . -
'
!).
.
,
:
( ; ), , , '', '' '' .
, "1
., ,' .
(* , ; * , ..).
. - ,

.; : ' .. . .
., "", 1975.
.: : - , . 2. , 1977.
., .: .., . . ., "
*, 1978.

167

, , (, )- ' *.
(. ),

, , ,
' (. , .).


. , .. .
, .
, - - , , .. ..
- (. . ' , /
-* ' ' . allonger,

/ * ..)
( - ', -*
- - ..).
(. 9).

11

168

, , , ,
.. , "
, , -'
( ) *. .!
.. . - .:
. , 1979, .
7-8.

. : . - - , -*
- ..
, - , , ..
-: .
,
, , (. ' '). ,
, :
,
. . , -
,
, , nomina agentis "X , ()*.

, , ..
,, * : )
-, ,
; ) , , ( ,
..), ; ) - ,
, ( , , peii).
, nomina agentis
, , "" (). - , , -
. ,

, -, , , , ;
,
.
.
, : , (. , .), , -

12. . 1985

169

 (, , ,
, . , ..
nomina agentis).
, , - , , . -
(. ', '- , ;
- :
, ..).
, ,
, , ,
() () .
,
.

, ..
.

, , ,
, ,
.
,
, , , , -
, ., , , .


, .
, , ,

-
. ,
,
, .

,
170

 (, ), , ,
, . , ,
.-
. ^ ( - ) - .
.. ; , ,
,
, , , '', '', '- '!^. -
! , ,
. - , ,
.. - ' -
.

, :
, -
..,
. - ,
, - , . , ,

, - .


, ,
. -,

12

.: .. . - .: .
. ., 1978, . 46; . : ..
.
. . . ., 1977.
171

 , , ,
,
. ,
, - - , , , ,
. .
, , , , - , , . .
, .

(, , ), - "*
, .. ,. '
, . , , -
, " - -
".
, ,

,

, . , , . funicular railway a funicular, a private soldier -> a.private;
Capetian King- a Capetian
..
,.
. . -> . -> .
.* - .
.
, " -
, -, [.., - , . - ..] , -,
13

172

.: .., .. -
- . - .:
. , 1975.

 *, .. 1972 ^

, ' , ,
*, -
- .!5.
,
.. ! 6, ,
,
, , .. : .
.. !''' . "" .
,
post-factum. .
,
18.

,
in nascendi, , ,
, ,
. .
, -,
, 14 .: .. . - Ceskoslovenska Rusistika, 1972, .. 17, 4.
"t ?

1 ft

1 ft

.: .. . ., "".
1979, . 37-3
.: .. . 1974, .

164.

.: .. .
1968, . 156; . "* "" . - . . , 1967, 3; . . ., 1973.
., : . .. ,
. . . . ., 1974; .., ..
-
"" ( ). - .: . , 1976.
173




.
,
- .
, . .

' .
. '
, , , . "*
. ,
, , , , , ,
. , - ,
, ,-
, . ' ',
' ', '
(- , )', ' ', '
' ..
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
,
.
, , . .,
_ -ing -
,
( ), : (that, something/anything),
(material, substance), (the
place, territory, area, where), (time, period, when),
174

 ..
, , .
, '
-
, .. , ,
.., ,
,
(. , ).
: -
, '
. .

, (
) -
. , ,
,
, .. ,
- ..
, (.
-> ', - ; -
..).
: ,
, ..
, . - ?\ . ' ,
' , .. ', [ ] '.
, ,
, , . ,
,
. ,
(.
/. , , ..). ,
\

.: .. "ing, -ion, -ation, -ification

. . . . ,
1975.
175

, , . ,
.

, -
, .

*,
() , ', () 1 .., .
' () ' ' () ? ..
sandy
' , , , The ground has sand on it Ha
', - The ground is covered with sand ' .',
The ground is sand
= covered' ', sandy sand-covered^".
. ,- ,
: , oily water ' ' , , ,
, .. 2 ^ (recoverability)
,
. , ,
~ .
" " - , .
, .. ) , "
" " , , ' **,
2.: Ljung M. English denominal adjectives, Lund, 1970, p. 24.
21 Kastovsky D. .Word-formation, case grammar and denominal adjectives. .- Anglia, 1974, Bd. 92, H. 1/2, p. 15.
22
.: E.A. . .: - . .
75- . .. . ., 1967, . 102.
176

. , .. '
'.
" , , " 23.
,

, . government job dinner show
There were two shows, dinner and late, with a small combo to baefr
me up ... I enjoyed the dinner show, "but every night the late show
was a struggle. (A.E.Hotcher. Doris Day. Her own story. N.Y., 1976,
c. 94). ' - ...
, , , '.
, -, . ,
, ,
,
, ,


- , ,
, ,
- (. . . - - ,
* -
* , .
* ..).
,

. , , , ,
.
.

, , , -,
' , -,
.
23

.. , . - .:
. ., 1977, . 93, .
177

 ,
-
.
.

. ,
father '' to become a father (. to father a child ' '1 to behave like a father (.
fathered her tenderly ' ').
, -to water water ' ' '
','', ' ', '', '' ..
, - .
,

,
.
.
, -
, ,
, .
,
, , , ,

', , , ,
.
24.

, , , ,

, -
,
, - , . -
. , , .

24

178

. : ,0,
.

, '
, ,
- . , ,

. , , , ' , , ,
-

.
, ,
, , .
- - (
, ..) (
*/
, , ,
, . ,
, - , , , .
' - -
,
? - ,
, : raison d'etre
. , . ,
.
. ,
. , , , ' .
.: .. ( ). - .: ( ). .,
1977, . 63.
179

 ,
, , - -
.
,
, , (nung) (Umkategorisierung)

.
,
^, . , , :
(
)
, .
, .

,

.

. , , : 2

, E.G. . - '.:
. ., 1977, '. 63.
.: Motsch W. Zum Status von '\Cortbildungsregularitaten,
. 17
(. . , 1979),
,

, ..
., : .. . . ., 1973, . 184; ..
.-, 1; E.G. ,
, . - ', 1974, 5; . , . 70-75; ..
. .
. . ., 1977, . 6.

180

 , . .: - : . ' . (,
/ ..) , - , ,
- ...
, (.. , . 10).
, .
( , . 15)=... , .
first threatens her and then proceeds to carry out his threats
(A. Christie. Murder at Mesopotamia. London, 1973, c. 83) '
, (, ) :
, , ,
, ,

, . The world is a very wicked place..'. There's a lot of wickedness about (A. Christie. Easy to kill. N.Y., 1976, c. 90), -
a lot of . ' , '
, .
-
, embedded
sentences, . .:
hated to admit to tiredness at any time (A. Hailey. In high places. London, 1978, c. 10) he hated to admit that he was tired at any time
1
// , .' , ""
, (he hated to admit that he was tired) tiredness , ,
- (
/ , /
.., .. ).
. : Margaret... spoke quickly, aware of the journey's shortness, knowing that it was a few minutes drive only between their own house
and the Governor's residence , . 11)' ,
, , ' , ... aware of the fact that the journey is short and knowing
that to drive the distance between their own house and the residence of
the Governor one needed only a few minutes.
,
, 181

 .
( : ), .. , , . Sein
Geslcht war ungesund bla/3, wie die Gesichter der meisten Gro/3stadter ' , ,
/' (, Peters. Der Tod und die lachende Jungfrau. Munchen, 1961, c. 36).
1967 . . ,
" ,
:
? / ?" ,
,
, . ,
^.
" - "7; ,
( ), , (..
) , - - .
.., "
"", -.
.
,
, ,
. ,
, ' , 5

. . - .:
. . ., '*,
1974,
. 241.

7
8

, .

255.

, .

256.

.. . - .:
Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Linguists.
Bologna-Florence, 1972, Bd. II. Bologna, 1974, c. 6.

182

 .
. ,
: .. .offnete sich plotzlich
die Saaltur, und em blasser, junger Mann steckte semen Kopf herein. Er
trug erne Brille ... ' * -. '. > : sie sahen, da/8 sich-der blasse, dunne junge Mann mit
der Brille auf der Nase erhob, dieser Zuspa'tkommer... (A.Winnigton.
Gullet und die Todeskurve, Berlin, 1974, , 13,15)' ,
, , , , ',
, '. , dieser
Zuspatkomraer
- ' ', ,
da zu spat gekommen war.
. - - - Mr. Justin Surridge, der in diesem Jahr den Benskin handicap, den-Preis des alIjahrlich in Benskin stattfindenden Pferderennes, gewann ( ,
. 8) ' . ., ' : Das Gesicht kommt mir irgendwie bekannt vor... Ach
ja, war das nicht der Gewinner des Benskin Handicap?'nimo
- . ,
/ , /
?'
' 4, , , ,
,
,
(.. embedded sentences).

" , "!,
,
.
, , , . .: . . .: . . ., 1962, . 204,
*
()*.
.: //.. . .,
. 68-69.

1976,
183

 with '
(. worked with positively surprising rapidity,
. * worked
positively surprisingly rapidly - - .

). ,
:*
" ,
,
, ; , ,
, )
.
.1^.
, .
,
, - .
, - , , ,
, .
, , '
0131 .,
,
,
14. , ,
:
Yotre raisonnement n'est pas logique
Votre raisonnement est illogique.
. . ,
- -

0. , ., 1958,
17

. 157-158.

Fleischer W. Kommunikativ-pragmatische Aspekte der Wortbildung.

In: Sprache und Pragmatik. Lunder Symposium 1978. Hrsg. von. I.Rosengren. Lund, 1979

^. Brekle H. Zur Stellung der Wortbildung in der Grammatik. In:

Flexion und Wortbildung. Wiesbaden, 1975, c. 30; Idem, Generative
Satzsemantik iind transformationelle Syntax im System der englischen
Nominalcomposition. Miinchen. 1970..
^Rohrer G. Some problems of word-formation. Tubingen, 1973-

184

 , ,
,. ~ .
^. , , ,
""
.
-Geschie/Je ' ' (), Schie/Serei '' ( ) Schu/'' Fahren ',"'
(), Fahrerei () Fahrt ''', '' '()
"" 16. -tura
,
' , -
; ,
'
-do -tusl7.
, , , .. .
, , , '"
, , ,
.
' , ,
, ,

. .:
Man konnte vielleicht sagen, der Schlager war irneinem Rausch. Er
schl'ug welter zu, auch als es langst nicht mehr notig war... (E. Peters.
Der Tod und die lachende Jungfrau, Munchen, 1961, c. 33),
" " der Schlager
der damals schlug...
. : But doubtless you saw your name announced as winner
in the Daily Wire this morning? (A. Christie. Murder at Hazelmore, c. 56),
winner one Who had won,T.e., -*,. *
( ). , .:
1)
15

17

.: . Brekle, Zur Stellung der Wortbildung in der Grammatik, S. 37-38.

.: . Naumann. Wortbildung in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache.
Tubingen, 1972, p. 87.
Giacalone Ramat A. Probleme der lateinischen Wortbildung: Das
Suffix rtura. ~ In: Flexion und Wortbildung, p. 122123-

13. . 198

185

2) .,
, ... .
., : They're having a competition at Dayton next fall and
all big manufacturers are going to submit pursuit planes the Winner to
become the official fighter plane of the United States (Fr. Jerby. B'en-
ton's row. N.Y,, L963, c. 354), the winner (), .


: . : . - .. . : , . . () ,
(), () .. ,
: , , ,
. . ,
,
(, . , , :
-. , ... ..),
: .
. ' .

, ( "
) .
, , ,
.
, ,
, . ,
( ,
, ..),
.
18
, -
'- .. -, , ,

18

186

., , Kiparsky P., Kiparsky . Fact.-B .: Progress

in Linguistics. The Hague-Paris, 1970,
, '.: ..
, . 66, 70; . : Zimmermannl. Die substantivische Satzform. - Zeitschrift fur Slawistik, 1972, Bd. 17, H. 5, p.683-

 , '..,

.
, , , =, (
, ) . ""
? - , , ,
, ?
, .
. ..: "" (... . - , 1978 5, . 9),

- - ' , '
' ', ', -' ''
, ^*
, , ' - ' ,
. ', '......,
' ( : '... ...,
/ '.
, , . ( ),
.
, ,
, " ",
, >>19, ,
, ,
.
,
-
.
.
19
,. . .,
1973, . 77.
187

, , , , * , ,
- ' , .
= ..., ; ...**, , ,
-
- ; , ^, , ..
-
, . ,
.., ,
,

.

,
,
^.

,
, ,

.
, .
, , , , . ()
, .. .
, ,
- .
, , -

20

188

, : . - . - , ,
1973, 4; Zimmermann I. Der Parallelismus verbaler und substandvischer Konstruktionen in der russischen Sprache der Gegenwart.-Zeitschrift fitt Slavistik, 1967, Bd. 12} 4 .. , . 68, 130; .. , .,
. 85.

 , , . .. , *.,

" 21.
*
(ambiguity) , . ,
. , . John's singing of the
Marceillaise surprised me
: ' ,
' ' , ' (, ' ' 2). : ,
; , ; , . ,

, 1
. , , -, : .
, (vagueness) (ambiguity).
Selma
likes visiting^ relatives ' ' Harry
kicked Sam ': ,
: ' , ' ' ()', , ,
*^. /\ , : ,
, .
:
. -
.

, , ,

21
22
nn

.: .. . "", 1971,

, 126.

.: Vendler Z. Linguistics in philosophy. N. Y., 1967, p. 40.

'
.; Lakoff G. A note on vagueness and ambiguity. Linguistic Inquiry, 1970,1, p. 357.
189

 (-)', , . , ,
, ,
. (
) : '
', ' ' 1, ' '.
- , ,
, ..
. - .., "
" .
, ,
{ ) - .'
,
. " , objectum specificat actum
' 25"t



. -
, .
,
.,
, , .. .
: , ,
.
,

24

.: .. .

. .-., 1957, . 15.

25
190

.. , . 125.

 . ,

.
,
, , .

. . ,
, , .
(, ),
""
, ,
" () " 26. , ,
.
.
, , ,
, ,
, , , .
i , - .., -
, . , ; , . ,
27. - * " ". '
, ,
: . . , .. "-

26
27

.. . .,1972,
. 155.
.: .. . - , 1960, 4, . 8; .. ja -. - . .
, 1972, 3, .' 16.
191

 ; "* , -
, **- -,
.
,
.
- .'
. .. , - , - : , " ", "
() , 28.

, ,
, ?

-., ",
"" "", , , ' : .
,
.
.. "
"2, ..
. ,
- . , , , " -- ,
"^^ (. , , , , , , ., ),
. . " ( - ) 31
" .

28

.: .. . .: .. .
., 1977 - , 1979, 2, . 15.
29
.: ,. . ., 1941,.420.

31

192

.: .. ., 1976, 5, . 19.
.. . - .:
. ., 1977, . 4.

 ,
- ^
(. 10)..

, ,
, :
. , , , , .. (.
, . smoke is dangerous Smoking is dangerous . .).
. : , . , ' ,
.
,' , ,
, , ..

, ,
(.
.)*
,
. :,

,
, . :

32

.: .. . 1974, . .12-13.
193


.
" " - -
., ^.
' , , , ,
:
, :
,
, , ( , ,
..), , ,
. ,
nomina agentis, noraina
instrument!, nomina patiens, nomina loci. He , ,'
, , , , . .
, ,
, .
, - , , . , ,
,

. : Tesnikre L. Comment construire une syntaxe?Bulletin de la Faculte des lettres k Strasbourg, 1934; On we. Elements
de syntaxe structurale. Paris, 196$; ..
. - . .
1973.
.: Filtmore Ch. The case for case. In: Universals in linguistic
theory, Ed. by E. Bach" and R.T. Harms. N.Y., 1968;
Lipka L. Topicalization, case grammar, and lexical decomposition
in English. - Archivum Linguisticum, 1976, v. 7, p. 125.
194

 , ,
.
^
,
, ( . experience '',
.. ' .-. '), , , , ,
. , , 3^. nomina agentis, nomina patiens, nomiaa instrument!, nomina 1
,
' , ,
, ,
, ..36.
, .,
,
, . .:
-
' , , ' to pay '',
-
', ( , ..)*
pay-mentl ' , * ( , )
pay
|
pay-day '
p a y - i n g } toroiaTa' (), ' 37.
,
, ,' ,
- ' -
3 8.

Of5

37

38

.: Fillmore Ch, Some problems for case grammar. .: 22 nd

Annual Round Table, Ed. by R.J. O'Brien. Georgetown, 1971,
p,42.
.: .. . .,
3,959, . 81, 125; Panagl , Kasustheorie und Nomina agentis.
In: Flexion und Wortbildung, Wiesbaden, 1975, p. 232.
Lipka L. Op. cit., c. 134,
.: Chomsky N. Remarks on nominalization. In: Readings in
English transformational grammar, Ed. by R.A. Jacobs and P.S. Rosenbaum. Toronto, 1970; Fraser B. Some remarks on the action nominalization in English. - Idem; Newmeyer F.J. The source of
derived nominals in English. - Language, 1971, v. 47, p. 786.
195

 , ! ,
, .. ,
,
Q
.
, ()
; ..
.
, ,
: , , , , , , ,
,
.

. , , , - .
, , .: \
, , ..
, ,
, , ,
.
,
.. , . ,
^.
,
,
.
' . , ...
, .
: ,
,
..

,
. , :
Q

196

.: .. , .

304.


, , ,
,
"..
,
,
,
. "
, , - .., - () ,
(' }"...41 :
"
, , - *'''*^.
: , , -
' ,
-
,
, .
, , , ,
,

, .
- -
.
,
, , .. - -
: .
, ,

: 1) , -
, ; 2) () - ' , , ,

41
42

.: .. , .
.-., 1965, . 25.
, . 28,.
197


; 3) -
..
:
;
, ..
', ,
()
.
, , , ,
, ->* .
. ,
.
, , :- , :, ,
, , .
, - . -, , ,
,
, -, '
, .

: "X , Y" X , "
*
atomic predicates, a Y . .

(.. "",
"" "") - (, , ""
198

 *" "" ' *

..).
' : , ,
, .
, , , . ,
, ,
,
. , ,
' . -
.

, , ,

,
,
,
.

. ,
, ,
, ,
,
.

21

42

. 62

. . . -.

82
99
115

133


145

158

/v

179