,

( )

-
,
230100

2006

 32.975
67
681.3
.., ..
67 .., .., ..,
.., .. :
/
,
( ), - ., 2006. - 168
ISBN 5-7339-0579-4
.
, , ,
.
. 22. . 16. .: 74 .
-
.

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,
(IT),
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5, 10 15 . ( )
,
. , .
, .
-

.
, .
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, ,
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.
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, , , , ..,
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[1214]
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IBM PC,
()
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(
) ,
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(reliability), (availability) (repairability) . (HA High
Availability) [1517].
, . , .
,

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99,999 % (
1 100000 11 ).
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HA MTBF / (MTTR + MTBF),

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) ( ), MTTR (Mean Time To Reapair)

.

MTBF ( 100000 .)

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, .
[1517] :
,

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10

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11

( ) . :

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12

, ,
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, .
,
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, ,
.

1. .
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, (. 2-1), -

13

.
,
- ,
,
.
, .
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

+ web-

40- XX

2000 .

. 2-1.

2.1.

, ,
. -

14

.

. .

, (, , -, .),
, .
,
. , , , ,
.
, , ( 80- [20]
Foundation Fieldbus) .

- ( ) (
Fieldbus Foundation). , , , ,
,

( ) .
,

15

. ,
(field-, field centric) .

Y,
3- :
( Y );
( Y
);
( Y ,
, ).

;

. ,
,
- ,
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,
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. ( ) , ,
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16

2.2.
,
(panel-based) . ,
( , ,
..). ,

.

(field-based)
.
,
. ( ).
,
, , .


10 30 300 . , , (, )
, ,
.

-

17

-
() .
. .
70- 80-
, , , (, PLC Programmable Logic Controller).
, , . , ()

, ,
,
.
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) ()
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. ,

18

.
.
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. 4 20 ( ). 1961 4 20 15 .
, , (15 ),
-
(
). .

4 20 , . 2-2.
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) . (
). 10 .
1 2
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( ), -

19

, .

4-20

3
2

1.
3.

2.
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20

-;
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, ( );
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21

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22

() .
.


, 4 20
. -. . 2-3.
, ( , , ), .
, , 4 20 (.
2-2)
(. 2-3) .
, .

. SCADA- (. . 3.6) .
, ,
SCADA . , ( )

23

, , , . .

4
3
1

1.
3.

2.
4.

. 2-3.
()

24

, ,

. ,
Foundation Fieldbus (FF), FF-.
FF- - , - , , .
, FF-.
, .

, , .
, -, , , .
, ( )
(
, ). ,
, .

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,

25

( ) .
, .

1. .
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?
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.
3.

3.1.

,
, , - (. 3-1).
-
.
-

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.
.

26

SCADA Level

I/O

CONTROL
Level

INPUT/OUTPUT
Level

. 3-1.
; () ,
/.
, () ..

IBM PC .

. SCADA- (Supervisory Control And
Data Acqusition) (. . 3.6).
3-
. 1.

27

1

AC
3

2
1

(SCADA Level)

(Control
Level)

/ (Input/Output -
Level)

,
,
SCADA-
,
CASE-
, ,

, , , , IT.
, :
1) , (, , , ), ( (CASE-
SCADA-);
2) ,
;
3) (CASE-)

CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering ( )

28

,
;
4) -, ,
, ( ).
,

,
(
softPLC softlogic),
CASE SCADA-,
.
3.2. COTS- Softlogic SoftPLC
:
.
(), (- , HMI), - , , .
, , -

29

. ,

,
. , , ,
, , . , ,
,
.


( softPLC).


( softlogic).
Micro PC, Advantech, , Robo, , Festo . [2227].
1990- .
, ,
Windows
CASE-
- ,
. ,
90-
. , (, ), softlogic.
- , -

30

. , , , ,
, . [28, 29].

SCADA- softlogic [30]. ,
SCADA- Trace Mode, . ( -SCADA)
, .
CASE-,
,
, [31]:

( , ) , ;

;
, ( -
).

.
-
,
, . - , .

31

, ,
, ,
.

, . ,
,
COTS-.
, CASE- SCADA-
.
- ,

.

, ( ) , .

. ,
, . : ( ) ( ), .
softlogic
200 . . !

( ,

32

, ), .

.

, . SCADA-
,
....
, ,
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SCADA-.
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.

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33

8- 16- ,
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;
-, ,
.
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3.3.
,
CASE- [32, 33, 72].
, : ,
,

34

, , , ,
, .
IEC 1131-3
( )
1993 . () IEC 1131-3 [34]
,

. IEC 1131-3
, (


).
IEC 1131-3
, 35-
:
SFC (Sequential Function Chart ) ,
.
, ( ST
LD) .
SFC
( ST, IL, LD, FBD). SFC
- .
LD (Ladder Diagram) , ()
(). LD , LD ,
.
FBD (Functional Block Diagram -

35

) ,
( ), , -, , , , , -, .., , .
ST (Structured Text ) , . ( ), , ,

. ST
SFC.
IL (Instruction List) . . IEC
1131-3 . : SFC.
, , IEC 1131-3,
PLCOpen,
. PLCOpen .
.
PLCOpen
IEC 1131-3.
10 , ,
, IEC 1131-3.
IEC 1131-3-
CASE- ( ) PDS7 (Philips,
), Step7 (Siemens, ), PL7, Concept (Schneider
Electric), ULTRALOGIK (Prosoft, ), ISaGRAF
(CJ

36

International+AlterSys, , ).
ISaGRAF

ISaGRAF,

IEC 1131-3- CASE-,

de facto
.
, . ISaGRAF IEC
1131-3- - ISaGRAF Runtime Target.
CPU (Central Processor Unit) TIC- (TIC Target
Independed Code). - - ( ) . ,
(
CJ International)
(), . : NT, RTX, CE, LINUX, VxWORKS,
QNX, OS9, ThreadX, PSOS .. ,
ISaGRAF Runtime Target
IEC 1131-3-, TIC- .
ISaGRAF Runtime Target, -
IEC 1131-3 , -, ..
ISaGRAF- ,
ISaGRAF. -

37

.

-. ( )
,
ISaGRAF. ,
.
, .
Runtime Target . ISaGRAF ,
.
ISaGRAF- (, ,
) :
Begin, Sequential, End (. 3-2) .

ISaGRAF BEGIN

SEQUENTIAL

END

. 3-2.
ISaGRAF Runtime Target

38

Begin, End.
Sequential. Begin
End -
-.

(/ ).
ISaGRAF
:
Application Workbenches (/)
IEC 1131-3. , , ,
, - , - . TIC-, (- ISaGRAF
Runtime Target) , C-.
, (Distributed
Control Systems), .
Runtime Target . TIC- , . (.. , ).
Development Toolkits ,
() Runtime Target
/,
, ( ) .

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

39

CJ International , -
(Runtime Target ).
Java
, .
Java Sun Microsystems Inc.
Java-. Java World Wide Web
Java.
Java Java. ,
, . Java- - -, ,
( Java-). - Java-, .
ISaGRAF Java

,
.
1. .
- Java TIC- ISaGRAF
, ( )
, Java- -
ISaGRAF.
,

40

. .
2. .
, ,
. , - Java Java. .
3. . - TIC- ,
.
Java,
, , .

( .. IEC 1131-3 Java) ()
,
- TIC- .

.
() Java ,
. Java-
( )
. IEC 1131-3-
32- , ISaGRAF.
Flash ROM
128

41

10$
. ,
,
.
Java ISaGRAF Runtime Target 8- 16-
,
Flash ROM 128 . , , Java-,
(Java , - Java
) ( picoJava- JavaChip
Sun Microelectronics 1996.) .

.

IL LD .
LD. ,
60- 70- . LD . -

, FBD SFC.
IL.
STEP5 ( CASE- Siemens): IL

Siemens. IEC 1131-3 IL
. , , - : .

42

IL ST.
ST. , () .
,
, (-
), , . -,
IEC 1131-3 ( ).
ST IEC 1131-3
SFC,
.
SFC, ST,
()

- (Flow Chart) .
FBD ,
, . FBD , () , - . ( )
IEC 1131-3, .
, 2 IEC 1131-3: FBD
SFC ( ST).
FBD
( ). -

43

. FBD
IEC 1131-3
(. 1).
, FBD ( )
SFC ( ),
.
( ,
IEC 1131-3)
.
C , , ( de
facto ). (
),
,
. , ,
, . - (, ,
, IEC 1131-3).
,
CASE-,

IEC 1131-3,
IEC 1131-3, IEC 1131-3
( )
. ,
ISaGRAF , ,
( IL).
CASE-,
IEC 1131-3.

44

, IEC,
, .
:
IEC 1131-3.
(-) CASE-. , -
, IEC
1131-3. .
1. . IEC 1131-3 (FBD SFC) .
IEC 1131-3 .
2. . (-
). ,
IEC 1131-3 (LD IL).
, , IEC
1131-3 .
WWW- PLCopen
(
IEC 1131-3):
1) (Base
Level);
2)
(Portability Level);
3) (Full-Compliance Level);
4) IEC 1131-3
(subset of IEC 1131-3).
, WWW- PLCopen

IL
ST.

IEC 1131-3, , -

45

,
,
, .
, (
) , PLCOpen . ISaGRAF . , , Siemens, IEC PLCOpen,
IEC1131-3-.

1. IEC 1131-3
, .

IEC 1131- ,
.
IEC 1131-3 :
, ,
;


, ,
;
, ;
;
;
;

;

46

;

.
2. FBD .
,
,
.
IEC 1131-3
CASE- FBD , , IEC 1131-3.

. , ( )
, IEC 1131-3,
. ; , IEC 1131-3
.

.
, , , .
FBD IEC 1131-3.
3.
.
, , IEC

47

1131-3, (
)
( ). - Java.
,
.

.
( , )
.
, () ,
. ,
, ,
(- Java
TIC- ISaGRAF).
ISaGRAF ,
Runtime Target ,
. . Runtime Target
, , , TIC- . ,
.
. Runtime
Target .
.
ISaGRAF.
, -

48

, - - .
, .
, , . - (
) . - ( ),
( ), ().
4. . , ISaGRAF TIC
( ) .
( )
, . C-
. ( - ).
IEC 1131-3 8- 16-
( )
.
, IEC 1131-3

,
.

49

, (, [3538])
(, [35]).
,
,
.
3.4. Fieldbus

.
,
, Fieldbus ( , ) [39, 40].
(,
RS485 IEC61158 ), , , , ,
.,
.
Fieldbus , , , ,
-
4 20
.

50

Fieldbus- [3941]:
1. ,
.
2. , , .
3. , ( ); .
4.
,
(, ), ( .. ).
5. (, ),
.
6.

.
7. .
8.
.
.
.

.
,
( ). , ,

51

, , .,
.
,
, , .
, , ,
( ) , ()
( ).
, :
;
; ( IEEE, ISO, IEC,
ANSI),
,
;

,

(interconnectivity),
(interoperability), (interchangeability).

( CAN ( CANopen
DeviceNET), Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, Modbus, HART,
Interbus, LON, Industrial Ethernet),
(CAN) .
, ( 1984 .) , -

52

.
- .


( Siemens (Profibus) FisherRosemount (Foundation Fieldbus)), ,
. ,
( ,
).
, IEC61158, ,
.
, ,
:
( ), ;
, .

[4246, 73],
.
, .
,
Fieldbus-

53

; .
,
, , .

, ,
, .
()
, ,
.
.
Fieldbus-
OSI/ISO


OSI/ISO . 7-
.
, OSI/ISO (, , ), , , ( )
( ) .
7- ()

54

OSI/ISO.

.
.
, - .
Fieldbus-
Fieldbus- ( )
,
. ,
.
,
.. ,
Fieldbus .
Fieldbus- .
Fieldbus , .

,
,

.
,
(, CAN).
.

55

1) .. (). ( )
( ).
,
.
2) 7- ()
OSI/ISO.
,
, .
, .

.

1. . , (
, ).
2. . ,
( ,
); .
3. .
, (,
), ( .. ),
(, ),

56

.
7- OSI/ISO. , (. 2).
2

ISO/OSI Fieldbus-

OSI/ISO
7

6
5
4
3
2
1

Fieldbus

HLP1

FMS2

FAS3

OSI/ISO Fieldbus- ,
. ,

(, ).
. , ,
1

HLP Higher Level Protocol CAN.

2
FMS Fieldbus Message Service .
3
FAS Fieldbus Access Service
Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus.

57

.

:
. (Data Link Level, DLL) : , , .

. CAN. CAN :
1) , ( SOIC-8)
(< 1$) ,
CAN- ( Philips Texas Instruments);
2) CAN- , , ;
3) (<10$) 8- 16- Philips, Motorola, Siemens, National
Instruments, Intel, Texas Instruments, Fujitsu, Atmel, MicroChip (
) CAN-.

( )
CAN .
,
RS-485 .
, (, Modbus),

.
Profibus RS485, 2, -

58

1 3
(

Siemens).
, (, Modbus), RS-485, ,
( ), . ,
2, . , Modbus 1 3. , UART ( CAN)
.

,
CAN RS485 .

( )
,
.
(, ).
,
.
, , Fieldbus-
:
1) ;
2) () .

59

.
(
).
;
( Bitbus)
.
( )
, .
-
(master-slave) (. 3-3), Modbus
Profibus (DP PA).

1
2
3
LAS

Fieldbus

. 3-3. -

, ,
().
, , , -

60

.
-
, .
,
. ,
.
(. 3-4), , , Foundation Fieldbus (FF),
. FF ( ) , (LAS) (CD).

fieldbus. ,
(), .

X
Y
LAS Z

CD

. 3-4.
.
FF , . (PT).
( FF,
. 3-5) ( , ).
, .

61

1
2
LAS 3

PT

Data
1

Data
2

. 3-5.
, , . ,
.

, . ,
,
,
. , FF () .
. , . , ,
,
(
) ( ).

62

()
, .
( ) ().
, ( ) , .
.
( ).
(, 8 CAN)
() , , .
,

- .

, .

. :
(Change of State), (Cyclic).

(peer-to-peer)
(, , ) .

63

.

,

, ,

.
OSI/ISO .
, ,
( - )
.
CAN- :
HLP
(
CAN 8 ), , . ., ,
HLP
( , , , . .) , ;
, HLP, ;
HLP CAN,
,
;

64

HLP
.
, ,
,
Word HTML-.
, CAN 40 HLP
CAN- .

CAN SDS (Hoheywell) DeviceNet (Allan-Bradley).
CANOpen, CAL ()
CanKingdom (). .
( FF, Profibus, )

Fieldbus (FMS Fieldbus Message
Service),
.
Fieldbus (FMS)
Fieldbus . FMS ,
, .
FMS
FMS FAS . FAS
(),
FMS. FMS , -

65

FAS,
.
.


.
2.
Profibus .
, , , ( ASI)
. (ASIC).
,
Profibus
. DP, FMS PA .

,
, .

Profibus DP ( ); (
244 ).
Profibus FMS
, .
, . Profibus DP.
FMS DP

66

. , , ,
. FMS,
/
DP-.
AN : DeviceNet,
CANopen, SDS
CAN Bosch
1980- . CAN
, : , , , ..

.

;
.

.
CAN ,
.
CAN , ( ) ,
. .
DeviceNet CAN, .
CAN SDS CANopen.

67

DeviceNet
.
DeviceNet , .
,
. DeviceNet
(
) . :
, , , . :
, , .
DeviceNet
. . :
(Polling):
. , , ,
.
(Strobing):
,
( 1, 2 ..).
, .
(Cyclic):
.
(Change of State):
.
;

68

, .

.

,
(Fragmented Messaging), .. 8-
. , , .
CANopen, DeviceNet Smart Distributed System (SDS)
- .
CANopen
CAN . , .
CAN-: , , .
CANopen CAN,
CANopen . : (Polling), (Strobing), (Change of State), (Cyclic) . , 8 . .
CANopen ,
-,
. CANopen CAN,
-

69

, .
ASI (Actuator Sensor Interface)
- . , ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.

/; .
ASI
, ,
.
ASI .
. ( ) 150 . ASI , , 4,7 ,
.
Foundation Fieldbus .
,
.
.
Foundation Fieldbus , Modbus, HART Profibus PA.
Ethernet -

70

. Ethernet
.
.
: Ethernet . ,
.
: .
. ,
.
Ethernet . Ethernet , (
World Wide Web) TCP/IP.
, Ethernet 70 .
Ethernet , , . Ethernet ,

(repeatability); ,
Ethernet . ,
.
Ethernet , , , CAN. CAN
, Ethernet .
, TCP/IP , .
. ,
, .
-

71

.

,
, .
, , , - , CAN,
Ethernet.

Modbus CAN. ,
,
UART-,
. CAN- .
RS-485
( SOIC-8).
, ,
, , .
, Interbus.
(SPI)
.
3.5.
,

72

[4755], [5661].


, , .
()
, .
, . ,
.
, (- , ) . .
, ()
.
-
, , -
,
.

-
1236 .
:
( , , -

73

,
) .


.

PC/104, PC/104-Plus
Ampro Computers, Octagon Systems, Fastwel .
PC/104, PC/104Plus, , PIC
.
,
,
( ) .
PC/104 , ISA. PC/104 ISA .
(90x96 ), ,
( 2
).
PC/104 8- (64- ) 16- ( 64-
40- ) ISA.
PC/104-Plus , PCI ISA. PC/104-Plus , PC/104,
PCI (33 , 32 ). 120- PC/104-Plus ISA
. -

74

PCI 2.1, 64-

JTAG, PRSNT CLKRUN.
PCI
-
, , USB, FireWire ..
(Embeded Board, eXpandable
, )
Ampro Motorola, : ISA, PC/104, PC/104-Plus, PCI PCMCIA.
EBX .

EBX PC/104 PC/104-Plus
. EBX .
PIC (Embedded Platform for Industrial Computing) , /. : Ampro,
Micro/sys, Octagon Systems, VersaLogic WinSystems.
EPIC : , ,
PC/104, /. -
/104
, /, .
PC/104-Plus PC/104.
EnCore ,
Ampro Computers.

75

: - (CPU Module Baseboard),

PCI. Intel-
MIPS32 PowerPC.
EnCore
PCI PC/104-Plus -. -.
EnCore 400
EnCore Ampro Computers (370$). , , . STPC Atlas
,

/ -.

82559ER (Intel) 10/100BaseT Ethernet.


.
, ,
(-40 +85), ( 5g) ( 20g)
.

(Ampro) , .
, , . 2-3. , . -

76

FIFO
(DMA) (IRQ) .
( , , ) ( , ).
, .

.
CMOS-,
5
400 .
0,3 ,
, , .
(. 3)
: ,
, ,
, PC.
3

PC
Octagon Systems

EPIC

CoreModule mpro
(PC/104 PC/104-Plus)

EnCore

124,5 x 114,3

115 165

90 x 96

100 x 145

2 -.
(Octagon, microPC) 3
,
13813051 , 5
1000 $.
IBM PC ,

77

Intel- (x86) RISC- MIPS32 PowerPC.

PC/104 PC/104Plus Ampro Computers, , . .
CoreModule mpro
PC/104 PC/104-Plus.
(90x96 )
.
CoreModule 410 ( 365 $)
PC/104,
386- 486- . :
133 STPC Elite (5x86) , 16 , 1 Flash ROM, 16 PC/104,
UltraDMA/33
. 32- DiskOnChip 2000, 2 RS232
RS232/485, EPP/ECP, PS/2
, 8- GPIO. +5 ,
5 .
DOS,
Windows CE, Java, QNX, Linux, VxWorks, Windows CE.NET 4.1,
98se, ME.
(Ethernet, USB, SVGA,
-, . ) 400
1000 $ .

MiniModule GPIO MiniModule A2D Ampro.
MiniModule GPIO / (4
), 16- PC/104 (ISA).
48 / (-

78

, TTL 15 , 24 ), 199 $.
16 () 16
( ), 372 $. : 0,8
+5 .
MiniModule A2D (2
), PC/104. 8
12- -
(100000 ) Maxim
MAX197 (: 05 , 010 , +/5 +/10 ,
420 ). . LTCI450 (2)
12- - 2,048 4,096 , 16 GPIO
TTL. : 0,15 +5 .
:
8 , 2 , 16
GPIO (398 $),
8 (332 $).


,
:
1) 1,6 (
NMI (Nonmaskable Interrupt)
U 4,7 , Reset U 3,0 ), ;
2) Flash EPROM c ,
BIOS ;
3) ( +-6 +-8 ) ;
4) , .

79

,
: 1,5 ,
, RS-232 ( IR), LPT,
USB, 10/100Base-T Ethernet, .


,
DIN-
.
()
(, ,
) (, ,
, , , , ) . .
: /, ,
Fieldbus.
:
( .
2.2);
( . 2-3).

Simatic S7-200 (Siemens,
), IC-8000 (ISP DAS, ), Lagoon-8000, ADAM5000 (Advantech), SMART2 (PEP Modular Computers, ),
52 (, ), -130ISa (, , ), DCS-2001 (, ),

80

), 9107- (, ).
IC-8000, Lagoon-8000, ADAM-5000, SMART2
. ( 130ISa) DIN-35 (DIN-
DIN3 (TS35/F6) DIN1 (TS32/F6) ), .
4 (
8 ADAM-5000),
(IC-8000, SMART2). .
,

Softlogic ( - microPC
PC/104) RS232 RS485 Ethernet (
-130ISa, IC-8000, 52). 32- Siemens
Motorola. IEC1131-3
(ISaGRAF, UltraLogik, STEP 7) FBD IL.
IEC1131-3 -FBD
-130ISa. OS ( runtime DOS, ).
, Softlogic- (, Lagoon-7000), -SCADA .
DCS-2001 16- MB90F543G Fujitsu Semiconductor (128
Flash ROM 6 RAM) CAN Modbus.
(
). (7785)
8-
(114x102x25 ).

. 3.

81

( )
: (8-
-130ISa 52) ( SPI, IC-8000 SMART2). (IC-8000) . , ( )
.
DCS-2001 ( 4-
) ( 4- /,
, +5 +24 ), .
.
,
(8 -130ISa).




. IC7188 IC-7000
ADAM4500 ADAM-4000,
52, DCS-2000 DCS-2001, LOGO! SIMATIC S7-200.
(, AT90S8535) UART - ( Mdbus
ADAM-4000) RS-485.
CAN (, ASi LOGO! SIMATIC S7-200).

82

LOGO! .
, 29
( 60 ).
DIN-
10 30 ( 100 ).

LAN
(Ethernet), Fieldbus (Profibus,
CAN, Modbus .) (
, , ).
( ) Fieldbus .

, -, /.
( , ). (, , )
.
I/ O (, A8 I+A2 O, A8 I+D4 O, D16 O,
D4 I+D12 O, D8 I+D8 O, D12 I+D4 O, D16 I -130ISa).
12, 13-. ( 500 ) , , , .
:
, , , , (
DS-2001);
, ( 2-, 3- 4- );

83

0 5,
0 20, 4 20 ( (DS-2001) ,
);
0 10 ;
( ).
:
24 ( 3-84 , , GPIO AMPRO) (
30 ).
:
0 5, 0 20,
4 20 ;
(
Siemens).
:
:
.
()
,
. (
).
( 40 , 0,3 . , ,
( , -).

, , , , , .
PC .
, ,

84

COTS-.
.
- (
,
, ),
PC.
,
( ), ,
PC- (, IC-7188, ADAM4500
).
, .
( ) , .
,
,

[1; 62 69].
3.6. SCADA-

SCADA- [71]. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition ) ,
, .
,
, -

85

.
:
1) - 100 ;
2) SCADA- - ,
, .. 1 , ,
,
.
SCADA-:
- ( , SCADA
), 1 ;

( 1 );
( ) ();
- (HMI/MMI), :
- (, ,
(, , ,
, , , ..);
,
, ,
:
, ,
;
( ), ,
().

86

,
SCADA- ().

SCADA-, .
( IT)
SCADA , , SCADA,
, .
SCADA-,
, :
InTouch (Wonderware) ;
Citect (CI Technology) ;
FIX (Intellution ) ;
Genesis (Iconics Co) ;
Factory Link (United States Data Co) ;
RealFlex (BJ Software Systems) ;
Sitex (Jade Software) ;
Trace Mode (AdAstrA) ;
Cimplicity (GE Fanuc) ;
(-) .
SCADA-
,
. ,
(
), .
-
, -

87

SCADA- , ( ,
, SCADA-). SCADA-
. , Factory Link
-
:

DOS/MS Windows
OS/2
SCO UNIX
VMS
AIX
HP-UX
MS Windows NT

IBM PC
IBM PC
IBM PC
VAX
RS6000
HP 9000

Windows NT,
PC-

SCADA-, RealFlex Sitex QNX.

SCADA-
MS Windows .
MMI-. Microsoft , SCADA-

Windows NT. , SCADA , ,
Windows NT.
, SCADA-
,
( -

88

), ( , ).

SCADA-
,
, : ; ;
, ;
, . .
SCADA-
(Arcnet, Ethernet ..)
(NETBIOS, TCP/IP .), (Profibus, Canbus, LON, Modbus ..). , , ,
, .

. :
. ,

.
. VBasic- .
SCADA- , VBasic- , (
, , ) SCADA.
,
: -

89

, , SQL,
DDE- .. .

, , .
, , , , (a + b > c). , , , / .
, , .


: ,
, , , . .
.
SCADA-, , Genesis,
InTouch, Citect, ANSI SQL , . , SCADA
, SCADA-, ,
, .


SCADA-.
SCADA- . -
.
, -

90

, .
, ,
.. . SCADA- .
SCADA- , ,
,

.
-
SCADA- ,
-
.
. ,
, - ( Trace Mode),
( FactoryLink, InTouch), -.

/ SCADA :
de facto (DDE);
- SCADA, ;
OPC-, SCADA-, , DDE.
OPC (OLE for Process Control)

91

. OPC
,
.
DDE, OPC-
SCADA-.
OPC-
. SCADA OPC ,
, ,
.., ,
.
:
COM-.
RS-232, RS422, RS-485.
. ,
Ethernet.
. .
ISA, PCI, CompactPCI.

(Alarm)
,
, , .
.
, . .
SCADA-
. .
-

92

( ).

, , .
, ,
, .
, , :
SCADA-, , , . . , ..


SCADA-.
SCADA- . , ,
SCADA- ,
.

.
: TRUE/ON (1)
FALSE/OFF (0).
.
:
(High High High); (Low Low Low); (Deviation);
(Rate of Change ROC).
SCADA-
.

93

SCADA.
(Real Time) .
.
(Historical) ,

.


/
,
.
Windows NT/2000 Terminal Services, SCADA- , SCADA- .
: ,
, . Wonderware Terminal
Services ( ) SCADA- InTouch
7.1,
InTouch
InTouch- .
InTouch.

.

InTouch .
/
, -

94

, .
Internet/Intranet
Internet/Intranet , , , ,
, Web-. Web-
, , . ,
: , , - , ,
.., , . . Web- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, .). Wonderware
FactorySuite (FS) Web-, Web, SCADA InTouch.


(
SCADA) .
SCADA-.
( SCADA-),
. , ..
,
ActiveX-
SCADA-. SCADA, ( -

95

Basic).
SCADA-
Micro-SCADA. Micro-SCADA , SCADA-, .
SCADA- IBM PC (
), Micro-SCADA ( , ,
, PC-).
3.7.
(),
[71].

:
;
;
.
IBM Informix, Microsoft
SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase .
IndustrialSQL Server Wonderware
.
IndustrialSQL Server
, SQL. IndustrialSQL Server Microsoft SQL Server. ,
SQL ,
().
IndustrialSQL:

96

Microsoft SQL Server. .

, ..
.
,
.
Microsoft SQL Server .
IndustrialSQL
Server SQL, . SQL
, IndustrialSQL Server
. , Microsoft SQL Server,
IndustrialSQL Server.
IndustrialSQL Server

.

. IndustrialSQL Server , . -
,
.
IndustrialSQL Server
, .
. IndustrialSQL Server , . , 4000 ,
, 2 -

97

. , .
SQL .
SQL .
.
IndustrialSQL SQL, , ,
.
.
IndustrialSQL Server
.
IndustrialSQL Server Microsoft
SQL Server, ,
, Internet,

Microsoft SQL Server Oracle.
. 4.
: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server SP2; Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 SP2 ( 50% RAM). ,
25%.
4

(50% ,
45% ,
5% )

IndustrialSQL Server

500

Pentium II 400 , 256 RAM

5000

Pentium III 866 , 256 RAM

25000

Pentium III 933 , 2 1 RAM

100000

Pentium III 733 , 4 1 RAM

1.

98

.
2. softPLC softlogic.
3. , .
4.
CASE- ISaGraf?
5. ?
6. Fieldbus-
OSI/ISO?
7. .
8. CAN, Modbus,
Profibus?
9.
PC?
10.
.
4.
[1, 67]

.
,
:
1) ;
2)
.
- 1999 .

.

99

4.1.
CONField
CONField, ,
CASE- IEC 1131-3. ,
,
CASE- .
CONField - CASE-, FBD
8- 16- . ,
CONField , ,
, , .
(
,
) , ,
.
CONField , :
, ;
( ) - ,
;
(. 1)
IEC1131-3
; -

100

FBD
; ;
SCADA-
;
;
SCADA .
CASE- CONfield :
1) (TRANSfield) ,
;
2) - (BRAINfield), ,
( ) ( .. )

; ,
;
3) (LINKfield)
, -

;
CONfield -;
4) (MAKEfield)
/ ;
;
5) (RUNfield)

101

, ,
, SCADA.
CONfield
[1, 64]:
;
;
;
,
;
, .
. 4-1 CONField.

. 4-1. CONField

102

CONField - -,
, .

-
, , , -, ,
SCADA-.

( )
, . , ( ,
, )
. ( ),
(, , ) ...
CONField (SCADA) ,
-
.
4.2.

.
.
4.2.1. -
- (, -

103

, ).
:
;

;

.
-


(9 , , . . 4-2).

. 4-2. .

104

-
( ), .
- ( ) , , , ,
, .
PLC -.
PLC CM9107-BM (. 3) ( )
.
(

) - , .
,
, .
CM9107-BM
-
(. . 4-3).

- (Input/Output Level)
(. . 4-3, 4-4):

;
- ( );

105

. 4-3.
(
);

106

. 4-4.

107

, I=0 5/4 20 ;
( ) ( ) R=0...200 ;
( ),

( );
( );
( ) .
-
:
;
- (. 3. 9107);
-
.
4.2.2.
.
:
( 10 1 ) .
.
- ( ),
. ( )
( ) (

108

, ).

.
9107, , . PLC
9107
.
PLC 9107

.
(,
-, , , ,
- ..). [63, 64, 66]
-,
, (. 1).

?
1.

( )
. ,
( ) , .
,
, .
2. .
PLC 9107 -

109

. , ,
, , , ,
.
PLC 9107.
, -.
9107 .
, 9107,
. ()
100 . 1 .
( )
- . ,
, ,

.
,
, . ( )
, :
;
;
, ;
RAM (

110

: );
RAM ( )
;

.

(. . 4-5, 1 ).

3102 (IO1)
Electro_1 ( , []) Physic_1 ( , [C])
Electro_1 .

C Electro_1
.. ( 5 ) (1)
( 200 ) (2). _2 (3), OR,
TRUE (TRUE=0
).

Physic_1
T. (4)
. (5).
SCADA (
).
_2 (6, 7),
AND,
. ( TRUE=0,
, ). _ (8, 9)

(
).

111

. 4-5.

(=1)

112

_ (10) . RS_
(11) ( SCADA). ,
( SCADA) .
. RS_ (12)
. . ( SCADA).
RS_ (12) (13), . _2 (14), OR,
( ) .
( SCADA) . _2
(15, 16), AND.

.
2201.
SCADA
, :
:
T. T.

.

.
:
(
).

(, , ).

(. 4-6, 4-7)

113

. 4-6.
.
3102 (IO1) R1 (-

114

, []) R2 ( , []).

. 4-7.

115

.
_ (1, 2)
(X:[0.0 200.0 ]->Y:[0.0 100.0%]) R[]
[%] Yobj [%] .
.
3102 (IO1) R1 ( , []) R2 ( , []).
.
_. (1, 2)
(X:[0.0-200.0 ]->Y:[0.0-100.0%]) R[]
[%] Yobj [%] .


( ) (8) , ,
(7).
-
.


.
.
:
(9).

(5).
(9) -

116

-,
, 2201 (IO2) . (9)
L [%], ,
-.
, .

.
(5) .
.
.

. () .

_2 (4) ,
_ (3).

SCADA.

L [%]
REF (8) Ls [%],
. (2->1) (6). OUT (8)
( ) V [100 %...+100 %].

117

V
-
(10).
(
) V , V.
.
Yo
REF (7)
Yobj Y. (2->1) (6). OUT (7)
L [0100%].

, (>)
(<)
2201(IO2).
( SCADA, ) Model/obj, (11).
SCADA.
, :
:
Y0.
- Model/obj.
(
Model_condens).
:
Y
Eps.
Ls.
PLC CM9107
PLC 9107 :

118

CONField ;
(. 1)
, :

200
;
( 61131)
PLC
Functional Block Diagram ();
:
;
: ;
( ).
4.2.3.

.
:
- ( , SCADA),
- 1 ;
( 1 );
-:

;
;
;
( ):
;

119

, ;
:
;
.
SCADA ,
, , , (. 3.6),
, SCADA-, .
SCADA- ,
FactorySuit2000
(Wonderware, USA), Genesis (Iconics, USA) ,Trace Mode (AdAstra,
), (, ) .., , 9107,
CONField Windows, , ,
Windows (OPC).

SCADA Level . 5.
5
SCADA

SCADA

FactorySuit2000
Wonderware Inc

DDE ( SCADA-
()

GX2000
Windows,

120
SCADA

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

RunTime (

)

BitBUS, ModBUS,

BitBUS,
COMport

- .
FBD? ?
?
, ,
?
, SCADA.
5.

5.1.




(field- ), -

121

.
.
- (, , , , ..),
( ),
,
.
(BFP)
( , , , )
(process unit network),
( )
,
(, ), ,
, .

(, ,
..),
(process cell network) .
,
, ,
,
( ), (
), .

,

(. 5-1).

122

3
2
1

1
, 2
, 3

. 5-1.
, ,

,
,
,
.

, , , , , , , .
//. -
. -

, .

123

,
, ( ) .
() , , , , ,
.
,
- -
(BFP) ( )
.
5.2. Web- SCADA-
Internet/Intranet
. (Transparent Factory), Web-.

,
().

,
SCADA , , .
.
. -

124

, . , ,
.
.
.

, .
, , .
( )
, , , , .
, SCADA-

.
.

( ) Intranet. ,
. ( ), ,
Internet.
Intranet Ethernet, Web-.

125

SCADA- . , SCADA .
,
.
, ,
.. (.. ).
SCADA- , ,
, SCADA , , . SCADA,
, .
SCADA- ( ) ,
.
Web-. , , Web- , (e-mail).
Web-,
Intranet.
,
SCADA-,
Internet-. , ,
. .

126

, SCADA / HMI . ,
Web-
, .
, , ,
,
. Netscape
Internet Explorer Web-
. Internet , , (
),
,
(, ).
Web Web-.
Intranet
, . , Web- , .
, Web-
Web- ,
. Web- . ,
, Web-
.
. -

127

. , ,
,
, .
SCADA. Web- SCADA-.
,
, SCADA- .
Ethernet TCP/IP . ,

, Modbus,
Modbus Plus, CAN . Ethernet TCP (
, Modbus/Ethernet TCP/IP,
Modbus
Ethernet TCP/IP).
,
, Ethernet.
Web- , , SCADA .

1.
?
2. ?

128

CONField

,
( ) [63, 66].
IEC 1131-3.
CASE- CONField
(CONField
) (CONField
).
,
.
(IEC , IEC ) (IEC +)
IEC1131-3.
:
;
, ;
, , ;
(1-) ;
;
;
( , ,
..);
.

129

1-1.

IEC
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

( )

ADD (+)

.
(TIME, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)
SUB ()
.
(TIME, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)
SUB ()

(DATE, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)

MUL (*)
.
DIV (/)
.
SPLIT
T&D DATE TIME_OF_DAY
CONCAT
T&D DATE TIME_OF_DAY
FRACT
2- .
(TIME, TIME_OF_DAY)

_ 2-
_ (DATE)

1-2.

IEC

+
+

SUMN(Xi)

SUMN(ki*Xi)

MULN(Xi)

( )
(ANY)
N=2/4/8
(ANY_NUM)
N=2/4/8 (ANY_REAL)
N=2/4/8
(ANY_NUM)

130
IEC

( )
2- (ANY_NUM)
2- (ANY_NUM)
2-
(ANY_INT)

+
+

XY
X/Y

XmodY

Fn

ANY_NUM -----

----- ANY_NUM
X

. 1-1. ( . 1-3.)
1-3.

IEC

Fn

+
+

ABS
SIGN

- () . ,

.
(0,+1, 1)

Fn

ANY_REAL -----

----- ANY_REAL
X

. 1-2. ( . 1-4.)

131

1-4
,
IEC

Fn

+
+

SQRT
ABS

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

SIGN
SIN
COS
TAN
ASIN
ACOS
ATAN
ATANG
LN
LG
LOG
XN
XY
EXP(x)
RADtoGR
GRtoRAD

.
(0,+1, 1)
sin(x)
cos(x)
tg(x)
arcsin(w): /2 +/2
arccos(w): 0
arctg(w)
arctg(x,y)
ln(x)
lg(x)
log(base,x)
X (INT) N
X (REAL) Y
e**x


.
/, , (-) , ,

1-5
, ,
IEC
+

( )

) (ANY_NUM)

132
IEC
+

( )

(, ) 2/4/8 1
(ANY_NUM)

. 1 1
, (ANY_NUM)
(1 c 8) , 1 8
(8 1 ), (ANY_NUM)
:
n
;
n
;
n
();
n
()
n=2/4/8
( )
(ANY_NUM)

n
;
n

n=2/4/8 ( ) (ANY_NUM)
MINn
n=2/4/8

(ANY_NUM)
MAXn
2/4/8

(ANY_NUM)
-
0 , ...
(ANY_NUM)

. , . , , ,
(ANY_NUM)
_
MIN MAX
(ANY_NUM)

133
IEC

( )

(ANY_NUM)

(BOOL)
1-6
(1-)
IEC

+
+

TRUTH_TABLE

RS_

D_

_D8
_D16

,
,
(
2) n=2/4/8
( 3 )
, ,
1
. 1 0 ( )


:
;
.
:
(
) ;
, .
, .
8, 16

134
IEC

_D32

32 ,
,
( ).
.
_D8: ...0,1,2,..,255,0...
_D16: ...0,1,2,..,65535,0...
_D32:
...0,1,2,...,4.294.967.295,0...

.

(BYTE, WORDs)
1-7

IEC

BYTE
WORD
DWORD
LWORD
BYTE
WORD
DWORD
LWORD
TRUTH_TABLE

RS_

D_

_D8
_D16

BYTE
WORD
DWORD
LWORD
, ,
2/4/8 .
( 3 8- )
8
1 0 (RS-)

BYTE
(,
, ), , 8
8-
-

135
IEC

_D32

+
+

8, 16 32 , , .
.
_D8: ...0,1,2,..,255,0...
_D16: ...0,1,2,..,65535,0...
_D32:
...0,1,2,...,4.294.967.295,0...
_
.
_
8-
.
_

_n
,
n=8,16,32,64
n
(USINT) ,


n=8,16,32,64.
n
.
(USINT)
n=8,16,32,64.

(BYTE) .
(BYTE) 8 BYTE
-> 8 BYTE

_
N

1-8

IEC
+

*_TO_**

* (, INT)
** (, REAL)

136
IEC

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

*_TO_**
( INT_TO_REAL)
TRUNC
.
.
BCD_TO_**
BCD (Binary
Coded Decimal)
(**) (ANY_INT)
*_TO_BCD
BCD.
(*) (ANY_INT)
BYTE_TO_BITs
BYTE 8 BIT
()
BITs_TO_BYTE
BYTE 8 BIT
()
WORD_TO_BYTEs
WORD 2 BYTE
()
DWORD_TO_WORDs
DWORD 2
WORD ()
LWORD_TO_DWORDs LWORD 2
DWORD ()
BYTEs_TO_WORD
WORD 2 BYTE
().
WORDs_TO_DWORD
DWORD 2 WORD
().
DWORDs_TO_LWORD LWORD 2
DWORD ().
ToD_TO_USINT
TIME_OF_DAY
4 USINT (HOUR, MIN, SEC, hSEC)
().
DATE_TO_USINT
DATE UINT
(YEAR) 2 USINT (MONTH, DAY) ().
USINT_TO_ToD
TIME_OF_DAY 4
USINT (HOUR, MIN, SEC, hSEC) ().
USINT_TO_DATE
DATE UINT
(YEAR) 2 USINT (MONTH, DAY)
().
ABS & SIGN

(0,+1, 1)

137

+----+
| Fn |
ANY_REAL-------|
|------ ANY_REAL
|X Y|
+----+

. 13 ( . 1-9.)
1-9
, -
IEC

Fn

__

__

. .
(
).
_
N

, , , 2

N
()

138

+----+
| Fn |
ANY_REAL ------ |
| ------ BYTE
|X Y|
+----+

. 14. ( . 1-10.)
1-10
.
IEC

Fn

()
(
-).
8- , .

.

1-11

IEC

_
_

( ) , ()
(-).

139

2

22 ,
1977-2002 .
2-1

PROFIbus
DP/PA

DP-1994, EN 50170 /
2
PA-1995 DIN 19245 part , 300
3(DP) /4 (PA),
IEC 1158-2 (PA)
INTERBUS-S Phoenix Con- 1984
DIN 19258
400 tact, Interbus
EN 50.254
Club

DeviceNet
Allen-Bradley 1994 ISO 11898
17
&11519
, 300

Datapoint
1977
ANSI/ATA
ARCNET
878.1
.

ANSI
ASI
ASI
1993
(Actuator Sen- Consortium
IEC
sor Interface)

Foundation
Fieldbus Foun- 1995
ISA SP50/IEC Fieldbus H1
dation
61158
,
Foundation
Fieldbus
2002
IEEE 802.3u
Fieldbus High Foundation
RFC for IP,
Speed Ethernet
TCP & UDP
, (HSE)

Siemens

140

IEC/ISA SP50 ISA & Fieldbus 1996

Fieldbus
Foundation

IEC 1158/ANSI 850

Seriplex
APC, Inc.
1990

Seriplex

WorldFIP
WorldFIP
1988
IEC 1158-2

LONWorks
Echelon Corp. 1991

Echelon.


IEC
SDS
Honeywell
Jan., 1994 17 (Smart Distrib ,
uted System)
IEC, ISO11989 100
Honeywell
ControlNet
Allen-Bradley 1996
ControlNet
, 2 International

CAN
BOSH
(Controller
Area Network)
CANopen
CAN In Auto- 1995
17 mation (CiA)
CiA
, 300

,
Ethernet
DEC, Intel,
1976
IEEE 802.3,
Xerox
DIX v. 2.0
,

Modbus Plus Modicon

40 CAN HLP, CAL/CANopen (CAN in Automation),

CAN Kingdom ..

141

Modbus
RTU/ASCII

Modicon

Remote I/O

Allen-Bradley 1980

EN 1434-3
(layer 7)
IEC 870-5
(layer 2)

Data Highway Allen-Bradley

Plus (DH+)
Intel
1984
Bitbus
HART
Fisher(Highway Ad- Rosemount
dressable Remote Transducer)

IEEE 1118
Bell 202 FSK

2-2

PROFIBUS , ,
DP/PA

,
124 (4
)

INTERBUS-
S

T
DeviceNet

256

,
,

64
,

100 , 12
; 24
() (
)
400 ,
. 12,8
500 (
). 6

142

ARCNET

, , - 255
,

ASI

, - 2-
, ,

Foundation , ,
Fieldbus H1

Foundation
Fieldbus
HSE

1 ,
31
240 , 216

IP

610 ( ); 122
( );1830 ()
100 , 300

1900 , 31,25
( )

100 , 100
( );
2000 , 100
(,
)
IEC/ISA

,
128
1700 , 31,25
SP50

7 - ;
Fieldbus

500 , 5
Seriplex
, - 4- 500 170
, ,

WorldFIP
,
256 (64 40
, ()
256 )
LON Works , - ,
215 2000 , 78
,

SDS

64
500 (
, )

ControlNet , - , - 99
1000 (),
,

2 ; 250 48

; 3 (); 30
(
)

143

CAN

CANopen

,
127


127

25 1000

25 1000 (
)

Industrial
,
- 1024,
Ethernet

, - 185 ;
(10 Base T) .
, -
- 100 ; ,
(100 Base FX)

400, 2,5

, 50

Modbus

32 500
Plus
,
64 .
Modbus
, -
250 - 350
RTU/ASCII ,

Remote I/O

32 6

DH+

64 3

Bitbus

32 - 1,2 ; 13,2
, 250

HART

2 - 100-2000

15

144

2-3

0 244
DP: 9,6;
19,2; 93,75;
187,5; 500
,
1,5; 3; 6; 12

PA: 31,25

INTERBUS-S / - 500 , 1 64
-
, -

DeviceNet
/ 500 , 8 ,
-
250 , , - (multimas- 125 ter)

CSMA/

NDBA
ARCNET
/ - 19,53 K 0 507
- - 10 M
; -

ASI
/ - 167
8
PROFIBUS
DP/PA

/
;

(Token
passing)

CRC

16-bit CRC

CRC

16-bit CRC

CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check ( )
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (
)
NDBA Non Destructive Bitwise Arbitration (
)

145

-
(Cyclic
polling)
31,25 128
Foundation
/
Fieldbus H1 ,
/
,
(Publisher /
subscriber)
Foundation
/
CSMA w / 100 Fieldbus HSE ,
Collision
, / Detection

TCP/IP
IEC/ISA SP50 /
5 256
Fieldbus
,

/
200
Seriplex
/
;

6 128
WorldFIP
-
/
/

(Producer/
distributer/
consumer)
1,25 228
LON Works / CSMA

;

16-bit CRC

CRC

16-bit CRC

16-bit CRC,

16-bit CRC

146

SDS

ControlNet

CANopen

Industrial
Ethernet

/
;

CSMA /
NDBA

(Time Slice
Multiple
Access)
/
-
; - CSMA /
NDBA

125
250
500
1

- CRC
8

0-510 16-bit CRC

10 K, 20 K, 8
50 K,
125 K,
250 K,
500 K,
800 K,
1
10,
46-1500

100
CSMA w/
Collision
Detection
1

Modbus Plus

Modbus
/
RTU/ASCII
Remote I/O /

DH+

(mul-

300
38,4

0-254

57,6 - 230

128

57,6

180

15-bit CRC

32-bit CRC

16-bit CRC

147

Bitbus

HART

timaster)

500 13 248
2,4
( )
64 375
(
)
1,2

16-bit CRC

3
9107
9107-
.
9107- :
1. (18018290, 3 . .) ( 6 16 1 ).
2. 16- Fujitsu,
SPI+Modbus.
3. 8- Atmel
Texas Instruments.
4. - Modbus
Profibus.
8- (. 3-1)
( ): 128
, 64 , 48 / , , 64

148

, 256 microLAN,
, - .

. 3-1

. 3-2
/ 50 ( ) -

149

.
9107-
DIN-35.
(. 3-2).
.

. RS-485 Modbus.
9107
3-1
CM9107-BM

M2101

2201

M3101
M3103
M3104
M3105
2301

-, 16 ,
1500 , 5 24 , 10
-, 8
, 1500 , 1 , 60
40
-, 8
, 1500
-, 2
,
1500
-, 8
, 1500
-, 8
0...5 , 4...20 , 1500
- -.
8 c -

150

M3201
M3202

, ;
4 , , 1, 60 . (40 . ), : 0.15, 400 .
(280 . )
-, 8 , 1500 , U = 0...10
(I 2 )
-, 4 , 1500 , 8 ,
:
- I = 0...5 ,
- R = 0...10
3-2

CM9107-BM

1450
M7308

M7301
microLAN
M7310

- ( 8- -)
- SPI
-
MODBUS, RS-485, 1500 .
9,6115,2 /
- microLAN.
64 microLAN (
DS1820
55...+125 ). 2 ,
1500
-
20 , 4 1500

151

3-3
CM9107-BM

M7306
7312
M7302

c MODBUS SLAVE, RS-485,

1500 .
9,6115,2 /
PROFIBUS-DP SLAVE, RS-485,
1500
RS-232
3-4.
CM9107-

EX1450
EX2101

EX2201

EX2105

EX2205

-
MODBUS, 1450
-, 4 ( 10 )
, 1500 ,
2101
-, 4
,
1500 , 1 , 60
40 ,
2201
-, 4
220,
1500 , 1 , 60 40
-, 4
,
1500 , 1 , 380 .

152

EX3101
EX3102

EX3103
EX3104
EX3105
EX3202
EX7330
EX7331

-, 4 , 1500 ,
3101
-, 2 ,
1500 . ( 100 ,
)
-, 1 , 1500 , 3103
- , 2 , 1500
-, 4 0...5 , 4...20 , 1500
-, 2 0...5
4...20 ,
1500
- .
35 , 115 dBm,
100 /c .

.

1. : . /
. .. . .: , 2003.
2. .. //
. , , .
2000. 7.
3. .. -

153

// . 1997. 8.
4. .. // . 2003. 13.
5. ., .
. .: . 2001.
6. .. . .: , 1999.
7. .. PC-
// . 2003. 4.
8. .. , .. .
- //
. , , .
2002. 12.
9. ..
// . . . . . 1995.
10. ., .., .. . .: , 1990.
11. ..
.: , 1999.
12. () //
. 1999. 5.
13. () // . 1999. 3.
14. ..
// . 2003. 4.
15. .. . // . 2003. 9.
16. .. . // . 2001. 12.
17.

154

18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

MIF- // .. . .. , .. . .
2002. 9.
// .. . .. , ..
. . 2002. 11.
..
//
. 2002. 12.

. . -100 / 13, 14. . 1985.
. . : // . 2002. 10.
.., .. . .:
. , 2001.
.. // . 2001. 1.
.., .. PC PLC
// .
2003. 4.
.. PC- : // . 2003. 4.
.., .. PC- :
// . 2003.
4.
.. PC
// . 2003. 4.
-
// .., .., .. .
. 1999. 7-8.
.. -Ex //
. 2003. 11.

155

30. .. //
. , , . 2000. 1.
31. ..
// . 2003.
9.
32. ISaGRAF. Standard IEC 1131-3. Computer aided software engineering workbenh for open PLCs and industrial computers. User's
Guide. CJ International. 1994.
33. ULTRALOGIC // ., ., .
. . 1997. 3.
34. International Standart IEC 1131-3. Programmable controllers.
Part 3. Programming languages // International Electrotecnical
Commission, 1993.
35. .. SWITCH-.

// . 1999. 9.
36. .., ..
//
. , , . 2001. 3.
37. .. // . . .
. . 1999.
38. .. // . .
. . . 2000.
39. . // . 1998. 3.
40. .. : // . 2003. 11.
41. .. . // . , , . 2001.
2.
42. Fieldbus
// .. , .. ,
. .

156

43.
44.

45.
46.
47.
48.

49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

54.

1997. 2.
.., .., .. :
// . 2003. 8.
Fieldbus // .. , .. , .. . . 1999. 7-8.
.. CAN // . 1999. 2.
..
// . 2001. 3.
..
// . 2000. 3.
.., .., .. -
//
. 2001. 1.
.., .., .. 1820
// . 2000. 1.
.., .. -
1820
// . 2000. 1.
.., ..
1820. // . 2000. 1.
.. Compact PCI // PC WEEK. RE. 1997. . 48. 9 .
.., .., ..
:
Intel Celeron Via EDEN // . 2003. 10.
.., ..

157

55.
56.
57.
58.

59.

60.
61.
62.

63.

64.

: ETX
ICP
Electronics // . 2003. 7.
.. //
. 2003. 1.
.. //
. 2001. 12.
.. // . 2002. 5.
..
// . 1999.
2.
.., .., ..
// . 2003.
3.
.., .., ..
// . 2003. 4.
..
// . 2003. 2.
.., .., .. 9107- //
. 2003. 3.
.. FBD IEC1131-3
PLC / 2003. . . . .12. . . .: , 2003.
.., .., .. . . . .: . 2003.

158

65. .. PLC 9107

/
. . . . .: ,
. 2002.
66. FBD PLC IEC 1131-3 / ..,
.., .. .: - . .
. 2002. . 30.10.02, 1870-2002.
67. .. . 5.3.4.
/ : . . . .. .
.: , 2003.
68. .., .., .. 9107 . // . (). 2, 2005.
69. ..
//
. (). . 2, 2005.
70. .. : . . .: , 2003.
71. .., .., .. SCADA-:
. .: , 2004.
72. ..
. . . .: - .
.. , 2004.
73. .. . . . .: - , 2003.
74. ., . - , . .: , 2004.

159

1.
.......................................................................... 4
1.1. .............. 4
1.2. .......................... 7
2.
........................................................................ 12
2.1. ....................................................... 13
2.2. ................ 16
2.3. ............................. 20
.................................................... 20
3.
..... 25
3.1. ................................................ 25
3.2. COTS- Softlogic SoftPLC ....................................... 28
3.3. ......................................... 33
3.4. Fieldbus ....................... 49
3.5. ............................................ 71
3.6. SCADA-...................................................................... 84
3.7. .................................................. 95
4. ............................................................. 98
4.1. CONField ........... 99
4.2. ......................................................... 102
4.2.1.

..102

4.2.2.

4.2.3.

..118

..107

160
5.
................... 120
5.1. ................................. 120

....................................................................... 120
5.2. Web- SCADA- ......................... 123
1 CONField ..................................... 128
2 ...................................................... 139
3 9107 ............................... 147
........................................................... 152