Copyright & A K-C

-
-
2012

Copyright & A K-C

681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
60

. .
60

3ds Max Design 2012.

.: -, 2012. 240 .: . ()
ISBN 978-5-9775-0783-7
3D- 3ds Max Design 2012.
,
NURBS, , , Hair and Fur. .
, , Light Tracer, mental ray V-Ray. 3ds Max.
, , .
, , ,
, ,

681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2

:

.
.

29.10.11.
70 1001/16. . . . . 19,35.
1800 .
"-", 190005, -, ., 29.
-
77.99.60.953..005770.05.09 26.05.2009 .
.

" ""
199034, -, 9 , 12.

ISBN 978-5-9775-0783-7

. ., 2011
, "-", 2011

Copyright & A K-C

......................................................................................................................................... 1
..................................................................................................................................... 1
............................................................................................................................... 1
................................................................................................................ 3
......................................................................................................................................... 3
1. ............................................................. 5
1 . .................................................................................................. 5
2 . ...................................................................................... 6
3 . ........................................................................................... 7
4 . ......................................................................................................................... 7
5 . ..................................................................................... 8
6 . ................................................................................................................ 9
7 . .................................................................................................................... 10
2. 3ds Max ...................................................... 13
2.1. 3ds Max 2012 Design........................................................................................... 13
2.2. ............................................................................................................... 15
2.3. ...................................................................................... 16
............................................................................................................ 16
.......................................................................................................................................... 17
.................................................................................................................................... 18
............................................................................................................. 19
................................................................................................................. 21
........................................................................................................... 21
........................................................................................................................... 22
................................................................................... 22
Tape ( ) ............................................................................................ 23
Grid Object ( ) .............................................................................................. 23
2.4. .................................................................................................................................. 25
.................................................................................................................. 25
.............................................................................................................. 26
.................................................................................................................... 26
............................................................................................................... 30
............................................................................................................ 31
2.5. ........................................................................................................................................ 32
2.6. ............................................................................................. 36
..................................................................................................................... 36
"" ...................................................................................................... 37
.................................................................................................................... 38
.............................................................................................. 39

Copyright & A K-C

IV

3. 3ds Max 2012 Design ................................................... 41

3.1. Walls () .......................................................................................................................... 41
........................................................................................................................ 41
3.2. Windows () ...................................................................................................................... 44
...................................................................................................................... 45
..................................................................................................... 46
3.3. Doors () ......................................................................................................................... 47
.................................................................................................................. 48
................................................................................................. 49
3.4. Railing () ............................................................................................................. 50
3.5. Stairs () ................................................................................................................... 52
.................................................................................................................. 53
Stairs .......................................................................................... 55
3.6. Foliage () ....................................................................................................... 57
Foliage ................................................................................................... 58
3.7. ........................................................... 60
4. ..................................................... 63
4.1. 3ds Max ............................................................................. 63
................................................................................................ 63
4.2. AutoCAD ................................................................................................... 65
4.3. 2D- ............................................................................................. 67
. ................................................................................................................. 69
4.4. 2D- ........................................................................ 74
.................................................................................................................................... 74
4.5. 2D- ............................................................................................... 77
4.6. . Edit Mesh ........................................................................................... 79
4.7. 2D- ................................................................. 82
5. .................................................................... 85
5.1. ............................................................................................. 85
5.2. ..................................................................................................................... 93
5.3. ....................................................................................................................... 98
NURBS Curves ........................................................................................................................... 98
Ruled Surface ( ) ................................................................................ 98
U-Loft Surface ( ) ...................................................................................... 101
1-Rail Sweep (1- ) ............................................................................... 102
2-Rail Sweep (2- ) ............................................................................... 104
5.4. ........................................................................................................... 105
5.5. ..................................................................................................................... 108
Hair and Fur (WSM) ........................................................................................ 108
5.6. ............................................................................................................ 112
6. .......................................................... 115
6.1. ........................................................................................................... 115
6.2. ....................................................................................................... 116
........................................................................................ 116
6.3. ........................................................................................................... 117
Architectural ........................................................................................................... 119
................................................................................................... 120
Blend ....................................................................................................................... 124
Blend ........................................................ 124

Copyright & A K-C

Double Sided ........................................................................................................... 127

Ink'n Paint ............................................................................................................... 128
Matte/Shadow .......................................................................................................... 130
............................................................... 131
ProMaterials: Water ............................................................................... 133
Multi/Sub-Object ..................................................................................................... 134
Raytrace .................................................................................................................. 136
Top/Bottom .............................................................................................................. 140
6.4. .................................................................................. 141
6.5. Resource Collector..................................................... 143
6.6. Arch & Design ...................................................................................................... 143
Round Corners ......................................................................................................... 145
7. ............................................................ 147
7.1. Mental ray ....................................................... 147
7.2. Light Tracer .................................. 150
Light Tracer ..................................................................................... 151
7.3. ............................................................................ 154
8. ............................................................. 157
8.1. .................................................................................... 157
............................................................................. 158
8.2. mental ray .............................................................................................. 161
8.3. mental ray............................... 163
Global Illumination .................................................................................................................. 164
Sampling Quality ...................................................................................................................... 165
8.4. Exposure Control ............................................................................. 166
9. . ........................................................................... 169
9.1. .......................................................................................................... 169
.......................................................................................................................... 170
............................................................................... 171
........................................................................................................................... 172
.......................................................................................................................... 172
............................................................................... 173
.......................................................................................................... 173
......................................................................................................... 173
9.2. ........................................................................................................ 174
......................................................................................................... 174
.......................................................................................................................... 175
................................................................................................. 175
................................................................................................. 176
................................................................................................ 176
............................................................................................................................. 177
.......................................................................................................................... 177
9.3. ........................................................................................... 178
.............................................................................................................. 180
9.4. .............................................................................................. 180
9.5. ........................................................................................................................ 181
9.6. ........................................................................................................ 182

Copyright & A K-C

VI

10. . ..................................................... 185

10.1. ..................................................................................................... 185
10.2. .............................................................................................................. 188
, ......................................................................... 189
................................................................................................................ 191
.................................................................................... 194
10.3. .............................................................................................................. 197
................................................................. 197
...................................................................................... 201
.............................................................. 202
Path Constraint ..................................................................................................................... 202
11. V-Ray ............................. 207
11.1. V-Ray ..................................................................................... 207
V-Ray ..................................................................................................................... 207
V-Ray ..................................................................... 207
11.2. V-Ray................................................................... 209
V-RayLight..................................................................................................... 209
VRayShadows .................................................................................................................. 211
11.3. V-Ray ........................................................................................................ 212
VRayMtl................................................................................................................... 212
"" ................................................................................................ 214
" " ................................................................................. 214
"" .............................................................................................. 215
................................................................. 215
................................................................................................................... 215
11.4. V-Ray....................................................................................... 216
Indirect illumination ................................................................................................................. 216
Light Cache ............................................................................................................................... 217
Irradiance map ......................................................................................................................... 217
Image sampler (Antialiasing) ................................................................................................... 218
Color mapping .......................................................................................................................... 219
System ....................................................................................................................................... 220
11.5. ................................................................................................ 222
............................................................................................................................... 222
HDRI......................................................................................................................................... 223
........................................................................................................................... 224
.................................................................................................................. 225
11.6. ........................................................................................... 225
................................................................................................................................ 227
. ............................................................................................. 228
..................................................................................................................... 228
............................................................................. 229
.................................................................................................................................... 229
.................................................................................................... 230
............................................................................................................ 231

Copyright & A K-C

!
,
3ds Max 2012 Design.
.

3ds Max. .
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Copyright & A K-C

,

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Copyright & A K-C

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Autodesk
Adobe, , - 3D, Autodesk 3ds Max, , , ,
www.3dmaster.ru, 3D-.

Copyright & A K-C

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Copyright & A K-C

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Copyright & A K-C

AutoCAD 3ds Max, 4.

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Copyright & A K-C

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Copyright & A K-C

. 1.4.

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Copyright & A K-C

10

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Copyright & A K-C

11

,
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Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max
,
.

, .

, , .

,
. 3ds Max, ,
, "". , .

2.1. 3ds Max 2012 Design

3ds Max 3ds Max
2012 Design (. 2.1).
3ds Max .
3ds Max , , , .
Customize > Preference Viewports
(. 2.2). Choose Driver Display Driver Selection . Autodesk Nitrous
(. 2.3).

Copyright & A K-C

14

. 2.1. 3ds Max 2012 Design

. 2.2. Viewports, Choose Driver

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

15

. 2.3. Nitrous

2.2.
1 ,
. , .
,
3ds Max. .
1

.

. Customize > Units Setup.

Display Unit Scale Metric
(. 2.4). ,

3ds Max.

3ds Max,
System Unit Setup, ,
(. 2.5).

.

Respect System Units in Files. . 2.4. Units Setup

Copyright & A K-C

16

3ds Max
, Adopt the File's Unit Scale?
( ?) (. 2.6).

. 2.5.
System Unit Setup

. 2.6. ,

Units Mismatch

2.3.

.
. , .
.
, .
.
(Move Transform Type-In) (. 2.7). ,
<F12>.

. 2.7. Move Transform Type-In

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

17

, , , .
, .
(Absolute Mode) (Offset Mode).
, ,
, .

,
3ds Max,
. (Home Grid) .
. .
Show Grid
( ) <G>.
Tools >
Grids and Snaps > Grid and Snap Settings ( ). Grid and Snap Settings (. 2.8).
Home Grid ( ).

Grid Spacing ,
Major Lines every Nth Grid Line. Inhibit Grid
Subdivision Below Grid Spacing ( ) ,
. . Inhibit
Perspective View Grid Resize, , . .
.

. 2.8. Grid and Snap Settings

Copyright & A K-C

18

, ,
, . . ,
,
(Select & Rotate) (Select & Scale), . (. 2.9, ). ( )
. ( ) , . ( ) ,
( ) . .
, 1 , , <S> Snap ().

(2D/2,5D/3D). , ,
2D/2,5D/3D (. 2.9, ).

. 2.9. Snap (); 2D/2,5D/3D Snap ( )

2D Snap ( ):

. ,
(spline) (plane), .
,
.
2.5D Snap ( ): , ,
. . , , . 2.5D-,
Line Top
, , . .

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

19

3D Snap ( ): ,

. , , ,
.
Angle Snap ( ): , 5 .
Options ()
Grid and Snap Settings ( ).
.
Percent Snap ( ): , , , , .
Options () Grid
and Snap Settings ( ).
Spinner Snap ( ):
.
General () Preference Settings ( ).

Snap
, Grid and Snap Settings ( ),
(. 2.10). ,
Tools > Grids and Snaps > Grid and Snap Settings.

Grid Points ( ) .
Pivot () .
Perpendicular ()

, .
Vertex ()

,
Editable Mesh ( ) Editable Poly
( ).
Edge () .
Face () .
Grid Lines ( )

.
. 2.10. Grid and Snap Settings

Copyright & A K-C

20

Bounding Box ( ) -

.
Tangent () -

, .
Endpoint ( )

. 2.11. ;
,

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

21

Midpoint ( ) -

.
Center Face ( ) .

Clear All . .
, . , ,
.

, , .

3D Endpoint

.
.

(. 2.11, )

. , (. 2.11, ).

.
,
Spinner Snap, Tools > Grids and Snaps > Grid
and Snap Settings. Options ()
General () Angle (deg)
( ()),
.

.
,
Spinner Snap, Tools > Grids and Snaps > Grid
and Snap Settings. Options ()
General () Percent
().
.
2

Copyright & A K-C

22

.
, , . ,
Align ()
Tools > Align > Align (
<Alt>+<A>).
,
, ( ). Align
Selection
(. 2.12).

. 2.12.
Align Selection

:
1. Align Position ( ) , ( ). .
2. (Current) (Target) , .
:
Minimum ;
Center ;
Pivot Point ;
Maximum .
3. Apply () ,
.
4. K .

3ds Max .
(Grid Object), , , ,
(Tape), . .

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

23

Tape ( )

3ds Max. , , Snap.
Tape ( ),
Helpers ( ) Create (),
Object Type ( ) Tape ( )
(. 2.13).
.
Snap (),
. . , Tape,
. ,
.
, Parameters
Specify Length ( )
Length (. 2.14).

. 2.13. Helpers
Tape

. 2.14. Parameters
Tape

Grid Object ( )
, ,
Grid Object ( ). , Tape. Create () Helpers ( ).
Object Type ( ) Grid (). Grid Size ( ) Length (), Width () Spacing (-

Copyright & A K-C

24

). Y,
X. , . , , . , . ,
Grid .
, , , (. 2.15). , , .
, , Tools > Grids
and Snaps > Activate Grid Object.
, (Home Grid).
, .
, , Modify () ,
Helpers ( ).
, .
3ds Max (Grid Points Grid Lines)
.

. 2.15.

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

25

2.4.


. 3ds Max
View.
(Reference Coordinate System) 3ds Max
(. 2.16).
:
View ();
Screen ();
World ();
Parent ();
Local ();
Gimbal ();
Grid ();
Working ();
Pick ().

View () -

. 2.16.
(Reference Coordinate System)

,
, , (screen coordinate system), (global coordinate system). .
Screen () , . . .
World () . , . .
Parent () .
, . .
Local () , . (pivot point). ,
Hierarchy (). ,
.
Gimbal () (Euler XYZ Rotation controller). -

Copyright & A K-C

26

, .
Grid ()
.
Pick () ,
. Pick, , .
.
.

,
. Transform Center ( ),
.
, (. 2.17).

:
Use Pivot Point Center (
)

;
Use Selection Center ( ) - . 2.17.
;
Use Transform Coordinate Center ( ) .
Use Pivot Point
Center ( ) .
,
Use Selection Center ( ), . .
. , Use Transform Coordinate Center ( ). ,
, ,
.

3ds Max ,
, , .
Array ( ). -

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

27

, ,
, , . : 1D, 2D, 3D.
, , Tools > Array. Array () (. 2.18), , ,
. ,
, ,
: , .
Instance.

. 2.18. Array

Array Transformation ,
. , ,
(Incremental) ( )
(Totals) ( ).
.
, Re-Orient (), , Uniform (), , . X, Y Z .
Type of Object Copy, Instance, Reference, : , .

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28

Array Dimensions .
:
1D ,
Array Transformation. Count
. (. 2.19);

. 2.19.

2D . Count

, (
). X, Y, Z . (. 2.20),
;
3D . Count
, , . "" (. 2.21).
Preview ( )
. .
,
Preview. . ,
. (, ) , . . -, Display as Box (

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

29

). , , , . , Preview
.

. 2.20.

. 2.21.

Copyright & A K-C

30

, Array
, , , .
Array Total in
Array ( ), ,
Reset All Parameters ( ), .

() ,
, .
, (. 2.22).
, , .
:
1. , .

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.
8.

, ,
Use Transform Coordinate Center ( ).
Pick ()
, .
Array
Tools > Array.
. 2.22.
,
Type of Object.
1D Array Dimensions.
, Rotate (), Array Transformation.
1D Count .
OK, .

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

31

. 3ds Max
.
, .
, .
:

1. , . , (. 2.23).

2. Tools () Align () Spacing Tool (), Spacing Tool () (. 2.24).

3.
Pick Path ( ),
-. .
4. :
Count () ;
Spacing () ;
Start Offset ( ), End Offset ( )
( ).
;

. 2.23. -,

. 2.24.
Spacing Tool

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32

. 2.25.

Context ()
: Edges (), Centers (), Follow (), ;
Type of Object ( )
: (), Instance () Reference (),
,
.
5. Apply (), , Cancel (),
. Spacing Tool
(. 2.25).

2.5.
, , , . . .
5 , :
;
( )/ ( );
;
;
(Shapes).

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

33

. 2.26. Layers

Layers, (Command Panel) Layers.

, . 2.26.

Create New Layer .

Add Selection to Current Layer .

Select Objects in Current Layer .

Set Current Layer to Selection's Layer .

Layer Manager . , (. 2.27).

. 2.27. Layer Manager

Layer Manager
.
, 0 (default),
.
Create New Layer (Containing Selected Objects) ( ).
, .

Copyright & A K-C

34

Layer0l.
, .
Delete Highlighted Empty Layers .
.
<Ctrl>.
( ) , .
.
Add Selected Objects to Highlighted Layer
.
Select Highlighted Objects and Layers .
Highlight Selected Object's Layers .
Hide/Unhide all Layers / .
Freeze/Unfreeze all Layers / .
(Hide), (Freeze),
(Render), .
, , "",
. , ( , ).
(. 2.28), . , Hide , (. 2.29).

. 2.28.

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

35

. 2.29. furniture ()

. 2.30. furniture ()

,
(. 2.30). ,
. .
3

5 :
;
( )/ ( );
;
;
(Shapes).

Copyright & A K-C

36

2.6.
Display ()
(. 2.31)
. .

.

, . 2.31. Display
, .

, ,
.

, .
.
Hide by Category ( )
(. 2.32).

, :
Geometry ( );
. 2.32. Hide by Category
Shapes ( );
Lights ( );
Cameras ();
Helpers ( );
Space Warps ( );
Particle Systems ( );
Bone Objects ();
All () ;
None () ;
Invert ()
, .
,
Hide (),
(. 2.33):
. 2.33. Hide
Hide Selected ( )
;
Hide Unselected ( )
;

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

37

Hide by Name ( ) ,

;
Hide by Hit ( ) , -

;
Unhide All ( ) ,

;
Unhide by Name ( ) , -

, ;
Hide Frozen Objects ( ) , -

""
, ""
, .
.
. Freeze () (. 2.34).
:
Freeze Selected ( )

;
Freeze Unselected ( ) ;
Freeze by Name ( )
;
Freeze by Hit ( ) ""
;
. 2.34. Freeze
Unfreeze by Hit ( ) "" ;
Unfreeze All ( )
;
Unfreeze by Name ( ) ;
Unfreeze by Hit ( ) "" .

, ,
Hierarchy Link
Info ( )
Locks () (. 2.35): Move (), Rotate (), Scale ().

. 2.35. Locks

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38

. Object Properties ( ),
. Object
Properties Display Properties
(. 2.36). , . . By Layer ( ). By Layer
, . By Layer, By Object ( ), .

. 2.36. a Display Properties, By Layer;

Display Properties, By Object

, . .

See-Through ( ) .
;
Display as Box ( )
, . , ;
Backface Cull ( ) ,
.
Wireframe ();
Edges Only ( ) ,
;
Vertex Ticks ( )
;
Trajectory ( )
;

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max

39

Ignore Extents ( ) -

Zoom Extents;
Show Frozen in Gray ( );
Vertex Color ( ) , -

.
(). , Measure Distance (
) Tools ().

, ,
. ,
(. 2.37), .

. 2.37. , ,

( Dist) 3ds Max (. 2.38) . ,

(
Delta X, Delta Y Delta Z). .

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40

. 2.38.

. 2.39. Measure

. ,
Utilites Measure
New Floater. Measure (), (. 2.39).

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max 2012 Design
( ) "", 3ds Max, 6- .
. .

3.1. Walls ()
3ds Max 2012 Design ,
. (Walls).
,
(Windows) . , , , , , . (Doors). ,
. ,
. .
.

1. Create
AEC Extended.
Wall
.
, Grid
Points.

Copyright & A K-C

42

2.
3ds Max , .
.

.

3. ,
.

4. ,
Modify Segment.
,
, .

Break
;
Detach ;
Divide ( Divisions);
Insert
. .
;
Delete ;
Refine , , .
.
.

Vertex.

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max 2012 Design

5. (
),
Profile.
, Height
Create Gable, Delete. .
Delete, .

6. .
, .
.

7. . Wall,
Front, .
.
8.
, ,
. , Modify,
Segment, (<Ctrl>+<A>)
Height.

9. , , ( Segment),
Height Bottom.

43

Copyright & A K-C

44

3.2. Windows ()
Create Geometry
Windows (. 3.1).
3ds Max .
. 3.1. , ,
,
, Wall
( , , , ).

. 3.1.
Windows

3.1.

Awning ( )

Fixed ( )

Casement ()

Projected ( ,
)

Pivoted ( )

Sliding ()

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max 2012 Design

1.
, 3D-
(Edge/Segment).
:

2. , .
3. ,
.

4. ,
.

5. (
).

45

Copyright & A K-C

46

6.
, ,
( ).
7.
( ).
8.
( ).
9. ,
.

(
Front). .
. .
10. .
,
<Shift>, .

.
11.

.

,
Casement (. 3.2).
Height (), Width (), Depth () .
Frame ()
Horiz. Width ( ), Vert. Width ( ) Thickness ().
Glazing () Thickness () .

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max 2012 Design

47

. 3.2. Windows Casement

Casements ():

Panel Width ( )
;
One (), Two () .
Open Window (
Fixed):
Flip Swing ,
.

3.3. Doors ()
Create
Geometry

Doors (. 3.3).
3ds Max .
. 3.2.
, , , .

. 3.3. Doors

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48

3.2.

PivotDoor ()

BiFoldDoor ()

SlidingDoor ()

, 3D (Edge/Segment).
:

1. , , Doors (), .

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3ds Max 2012 Design

49

2. " " Box .

. PivotDoor () (. 3.4).
Height (), Width (), Depth () , .
Double Doors ( ) ,
, .
Flip Swing ( ) , .
Flip Hinge ( ) , ,
( ).
Frame ().
Create Frame ( ) , . , .
Width () Depth
().

Door Offset ( ).

. 3.4. ,
Parameters

. 3.5. Leaf Parameters,

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50

, . .
, .
Leaf Parameters (. 3.5).
Thickness () .
Stiles/Top Rail (/ ).
Bottom Rail ( ).
# Panels Horiz ( ).
# Panels Vert ( ).
Muntin ( ).
Panels ():
None ( );
Glass ();
Beveled ().
:
Bevel Angle ( );
Thickness 1 ( );
Thickness 2 ( );
Middle Thick. ( );
Width 1 ( );
Width 2 ( ).
4

Windows Doors Wall (3D Snap Edge/Segment).

3.4. Railing ()

1. , .

2. Create AEC Extended

Railing ().

Copyright & A K-C

3ds Max 2012 Design

3. Pick Railing Path .

4. Respect Corners ( ).

.
.
Railing () Top Rail, .
Profile ():
Square ();
Round ();
none ();
Depth () .
Width () .
Height () .
Lower Rail(s) (())

,
.
5.

Lower Rail Spacing ( ),
. Count
.

51

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52

Posts ()
. , Extension (),

.
Fencing ()
() :
Pickets (), Solid Fill (), none
( ).
Picket ():
Bottom Offset ( ).
Picket
() , Posts
().
Solid Fill ():

Thickness ();
Top Offset ( );
Bottom Offset ( );
Left Offset ( );
Right Offset ( ).
, Solid Fill () Offset
() ,
,
.

3.5. Stairs ()
Stairs.
Create
Geometry Stairs (. 3.6).
, 3ds Max . . 3.3.

. 3.6. Stairs

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3ds Max 2012 Design

53

3.3.

LTypeStair
( 90 )

StraightStair
( )

SpiralStair
( )

UTypeStair
( 180 )

StraightStair. , .
1. ,
, , . , .

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54

2. ,
. .

3. , . . .

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3ds Max 2012 Design

55

Stairs
,
.
Parameters:
( ):
Open ();
losed ();
Box ().
Generate Geometry ( ):
Stringers () . Stringers;
Carriage ( ) (
, ). ,
,
Carriage;
Handrail ()
(Left) (Right)
.
Railings;
Rail Path ( ) (Left) (Right)
.
;
Layout ()
Length () Width ();
Rise ()
. .

:
Overall () ;
Riser Ht ( );
Riser Ct ( ) ;
Steps ():
Thickness () ;
Depth () .

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56

Carriage ( ):
Depth () -

,
;
Width ()
;
Carriage Spacing ( )

Carriage Spacing. Count ();
Spring from Floor ( )
,
.
, , .
Railings ():
Height ()

;
Offset ()

;
Segments () -

.
3, ;
Radius () , .

Stringers ():
Depth ()
, ;
Width () ;
Offset ()
;
Spring from Floor ( ) Carriage.

Railing (), Extended (-),

(. 3.7). Railing Rail Path ( -

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3ds Max 2012 Design

57

), Parameters . , .

. 3.7. Railing

3.6. Foliage ()
.
, 3ds Max , , ,
"". "" ,
. , , , .
AEC Extended, Foliage ()
(. 3.8, ). , Favorite Plants ( ) (. 3.8, ). ,
Top .
.

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58

. 3.8. AEC Extended, Foliage (), Favorite Plants ()

Foliage
Height () -

, .
Density ()
0 ( ) 1 ( ).
Pruning ( ) ,
. 0 ( ,
) 1 ( ,
).
New ()
.

Seed () .
Show () , : Leaves
(), Trunk (), Fruit (), Branches
(), Flowers () Roots ().
Viewport Canopy Mode ( ) (. 3.9):
When Not Selected ( ), Always
() Never ().

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3ds Max 2012 Design

59

Level-of-Detail ( )

: Low () ; Medium () High ().

, , (. 3.9). ,
.
(. 3.10).
. 3.11 ,
.

. 3.9.

. 3.10.

. 3.11.

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60

3.7.

6. ,
3ds Max 2012 Design AecTemplates. (
<>):
1.
Get Material ( ).
Material/Map Browser.
2. Open Material Library.
3. , 3ds Max,
materiallibraries AecTemplates.mat.
Material/Map Browser (. 3.12).

. 3.12. AecTemplates

4. . , .
.
(. 3.13).
5. .

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3ds Max 2012 Design

. 3.13. Window-Template

. 3.14.

61

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62

, , , , ,
. .
,
(, Front Rails). , . ,
(ID)
ID,

(. 3.14).
6.

2.

Copyright & A K-C

4.1. 3ds Max
, . , 3ds Max () . , ,
2. :
3ds Max , - , AutoCAD. .

3ds Max . , .
3ds Max, , .
, (0, 0) (. 4.1).
.
Create > Shapes > Line. () Keyboard Entry ( ).
, Add Point ( ), Finish () lose () (. 4.2). (0, 0). ,
X, Y Z, Add Point ( ).
.
, Finish ().
, Close ().
, , (. 4.3).
Modify Vertex
(. 4.4), Select & Move
.

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64

. 4.1.

. 4.3. ,
3ds Max
. 4.2. Keyboard Entry

. 4.4. Modify, Vertex

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65

. 4.5. , 3ds Max

. ,
(. 4.5).
, AutoCAD.

4.2. AutoCAD
,
AutoCAD, 3ds Max. , 3ds Max
Design 2012 .
File > Import > Import.
AutoCAD Drawing (*.DWG, *.DXF),
. AutoCAD
DWG/DXF Import Options, . 4.6.
5

a) AutoCAD 3ds Max ,

Rescale () , , . Incoming file units ( ).
) 3D- Maximum surface deviation for
3D solid ,
.

Derive AutoCAD Primitives by (
AutoCAD) (,

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66

, , ), :
Use Extrude modifier to represent thickness (
Extrude ), Extrude, .
, (Editable Mesh);
Create one scene object for each AutoCAD Architecture one ( AutoCAD , );
Use scene material definitions ( ).

. 4.6. AutoCAD DWG/DXF Import Options

Geometry Options ( ) :
Weld nearby vertices ( ), , DWG-
3ds Max. Weld threshold ( ) , ;

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67

Auto-smooth adjacent faces ( ), -

, .
Smooth-angle
( ). , ,
;
Orient normals of adjacent faces consistently ( ),
;
Cap closed splines ( ), , , AutoCAD
(Editable Mesh)
.
2 "", , . AutoCAD , ,
3ds Max. , AutoCAD 3ds Max .
Layers (), :
Skip all Frozen Layers ( ) , ()
AutoCAD;
Select from List ( ) , , .

AutoCAD 3ds Max Derive AutoCAD Primitives by Layer,

.

4.3. 2D-

( ). . , , ,
.
.
, , .
:
Extrude ;
Bevel ;
Bevel Profile "" ;
Sweep , 7.5, ""
.

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68

:
1. (. 4.7). ,
.
, Vertex. ,
Weld. ,
, . .

. 4.7. ,

. 4.8.
Extrude

2. Extrude ,
(. 4.8).
(. 4.9),
, . Vertex ,
.

. 4.9.

. 4.10.

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69

3. ProBoolean.
, Box
, (
). , (. 4.10).
, Create >
Compound > ProBoolean, Start Picking ( )
(. 4.11) . 1
ProBoolean. (. 4.12).

. 4.11.
Start Picking

. 4.12.

Sweep.
, , Sweep. .

.
, .
, . 4.13.

. 4.13.

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70

1. NGon
Sides = 8.

2. NGon Edit Spline,

Spline Outline , .

3. NGon Bevel.
, .
4. Bevel.
(Level 1) (Height)
, Outline .
(Level 2) :
(Height) , Outline . (Level 3) (Height), Outline
.

1. ""
. Rectangle.
2. Arc,
2D End
Point.
3. Edit Spline , Attach.
.
Weld.

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71

4. Copy, , .
Extrude.

.
5. ""
.

, "" , . . , .
6. , .
NGon, Pick, .
Use Transform Coordinate Center.
Tools Array.

7. , . ,
Copy ( ).

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72

8. Create > Compound > ProBoolean Start Picking ( ) "",

. , .
9. . , .
, .
10. , .
Attach.

11. Sweep.
Bevel Profile,
.
, , Bar.

, ,
Extrude 2 .

12.
Extrude.

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73

13. .

14. .

,
(. 4.14). . 4.13.

Lathe.
" 3ds Max",
"-".

, . 4.15 3.

. 4.14.

. 4.15. ,

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74

4.4. 2D-

2D-
. ,
(, ) .

1. Front Rectangle
.

2. Edit Spline, Vertex

Refine
.
, Midpoint.
, .

3. .
,
Attach.

4.
Extrude .

Copyright & A K-C

5. . End Point.

6. . Front
.
,
Outline.

7.
Extrude .

8. 90 .
.
,
Boolean.
9. , Create > Compound > Boolean. Pick Operand B .
Cut > Refine.
, . .
10. Edit Mesh,
Polygon
.

75

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76

11. , .

12. ,
, . .

13. .
.

14. ,
, ( ). Attach,
.
15. .
, ,

Windows.

. 4.16.

. 4.16.

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77

. , - ,
.
, , . .
, , 2D

(. 4.17 4).

. 4.17. , 2D

4.5. 2D-
Extrude 2D- . , .
Circle, Attach Mult (. 4.18). Edit Spline.
Extrude.
ProBoolean, .
, . 4.19 5.

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78

. 4.18. 2D-

. 4.19. , Extrude

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79

Lattice.
, . , . Plane,
(. 4.20).
.

. 4.20. ,
Lattice Plane

4.6. . Edit Mesh

. Box , , ,
(. 4.21, ). Box 3,
, .

. 4.21. Box ();

Box (); ()

Box Edit Mesh (. 4.21, )

Vertex () Edge ()
(. 4.21, ). .
,

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80

, . ,
3ds Max.
.
Polygon (), Extrude .
, .
, , ( ) (. 4.22).
2 , (. 4.23).
, .
, (. 4.24).

. 4.22.
c Edit Mesh

. 4.23.
c Edit Mesh

. 4.24.

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81

, Weld.
(. 4.25).
Box,
. .
. , ,
. 4.26.

. 4.25. ,

. 4.26. ,

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82

4.7. 2D-

, , . - . , , . ,
, , . , . -, , -, .

1. -, .

2. Front .
, ,
,
.
:
1, 4 , 2 ,
3 .
,
Attach.
3. -,
Create > Compound >
Loft.
Get Shape
. .

4.
<7>.
Faces: 11520. .

Copyright & A K-C

5. , . . .
Skin Parameters Optimize Shapes.

6. , .
Faces: 11520,
Faces: 3120.
. .
"".
7. Edit Mesh,
Element.
,
: ,
, . , ,
.
8. , , , .
.
9. . . ,
Tools > Array (. 2).

83

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84

10. .
Cylinder .

11. ,
Spacing Tool.
-, .
,
Spacing Tool, 2.
.
12. ,
Extrude.
. 4.27 6.

. 4.27. , Loft

, , ,
" ".
, , , , ,
, , .

Copyright & A K-C

,

.
, , ,
.
, 3ds Max
,
, .
,

, , , . , . ,
: , NURBS, Hair&Fur Cloth . " 3ds Max
Design", "-".

5.1.
Surface (),

, .
( ) ,
.

. , , .
. , -

Copyright & A K-C

86

. . , , .
Surface
(), , . , . , , , .
. ,
. ,
, .
1. 4 Circle Front .

2. , Edit Spline. Geometry

Attach . . .

3. Cross Section ( ). ,
.

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87

4. , Parameters
Smooth (). .

5. Surface.

Surface.
Threshold ()
, . . ,
.
Flip Normals ( ) .
Remove Interior Patches ( )
"" ,
,
.
Use Only Selected Segs ( )
, .

Copyright & A K-C

88

Steps () ,
.
6. ,
Spline, ,
<Shift>, ,
Front.

7. Vertex
Bezier Corner, Top,
Front.

8. .

.
1. 3
.

2. Attach.

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89

3. Smooth.

4. Fuse.

5. 3D- EndPoint

Create Line.

6. ,
.

7.

Bezier Corner, , .

8. Surface
( ), Shell ( ).

1. Helix () :
Radius 1 = 90 mm
Radius 2 = 50 mm
Height = 800 mm
Turns = 1,5
Bias = 0,02

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90

2. Rendering 2 :
Enable In Renderer (
);
Enable In Viewport ( ).
Thickness = 50 mm
Sides = 6.

3. Edit Poly.
Vertex ,
. , Soft Selection
Use Soft Selection Falloff.
Soft Selection. Polygon
( ) Edit
Polygons Extrude (). Settings (), ,
Extrude Polygons. By Polygon
Extrude Height , 30 mm.
56 Apply, ,
OK.
Vertex, ,
,
. , Soft
Selection Use Soft
Selection Falloff.

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91

4.

TurboSmooth
Iterations = 1.
, . .
, 3ds Max.

5. ,
Scatter.
,
.

.
Create > Compound > Scatter.
Pick Distribution Object Pick Distribution Object, .
Scatter:
Duplicates ;
Even .

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92

.
. 5.1 7.
, . 5.1, . , , , .
:
, ""
(. 5.2). .

. 5.1.

. 5.2. ""

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93

. 5.3. , Surface

, ,
. , , , . 5.3.
7.

5.2.
, ,
.
, . , , .
, .
.

Copyright & A K-C

94

1. Line .

2. ,
,
.

3. Spline,

Mirror.
Copy.

4.

Vertex ""
Weld.

5. Spline,

.

6. Cross Section
.

7. , Cross
Section,
, ,
.

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95

8.
, .

9. , .
, Outline
Spline.

10. , .
.
11.
.

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96

12. Create Line, , . 3D Vertex.

13. ,
Vertex,

Smooth.

15.
.

14. Surface.

16. Mirror
Weld.

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97

17. , - 18. Outline ,

Cross Section

.
Create Line
.

19. Surface.

20. .

, . 5.4. ,
, .
. , ,
.

. 5.4. ,
Surface

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98

5.3.
. ,
.
NURBS. , "" . , NURBS .
NURBS Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (
B-) .

NURBS Curves
NURBS: CV-curves (Control Vertices)
Point curves .
CV- ,
. . ( ) (Weight),
.
CV- , . Point, , (Points),
, CV-, Point-
, Point- .

Ruled Surface ( )
. , .
1. Top NURBS-, . 5.5.
2. Front, . 5.6.

. 5.5. CV-curves, Top

. 5.6.
, . .

Copyright & A K-C

99

3. Modify,
NURBS (. 5.7), Toolbox ( ).
Toolbox ,
Modify. NURBS Creation Toolbox (. 5.8).

. 5.7. NURBS

. 5.8.
NURBS Creation Toolbox
Toolbox

4. Toolbox Ruled Surface ( )

(. 5.9).
5. , ,
, (. 5.10).
6. ,
, - , .
, Flip Normal.

. 5.9. Ruled Surface

. 5.10.
NURBS-

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100

:
Surface ;
Curve CV ;
Curve .
Point (. 5.11),
(. 5.12).
, .

. 5.11. NURBS Curve

. 5.12.

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101

U-Loft Surface ( )
, ,
, , , , .

(. 5.13).

. 5.13.

Toolbox U-Loft Surface (. 5.14)

, .

. 5.14. U Loft Surface

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102

, ,
(. 5.15).
,
, (. 5.16).
(.5.17, ) (. 5.17, ).

. 5.15.
NURBS-

. 5.17, .

. 5.16.
NURBS-

. 5.17, .
U Loft Surface

1-Rail Sweep
(1- )
.
3 , , . 5.18.
, .
, 1, Left
(. 5.19, a).
2 (. 5.19, ).

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103

. 5.18. , Front

. 5.19, a.
, Left

. 5.20.
1-Rail Sweep

. 5.19, b. ,
Top

. 5.21. 1-Rail Sweep Surface,

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104

. 5.22. NURBS-

Toolbox 1-Rail Sweep (. 5.20) , ,

.
, .
1-Rail Sweep Surface, Flip Normals (. 5.21).
NURBS-, . 5.22.
.

2-Rail Sweep
(2- )
2-Rail Sweep.
.
(. 5.23).
3 (. 5.24) , .

. 5.23. ,
2-Rail Sweep

. 5.24.
2-Rail Sweep

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105

, , , , (. 5.25). 8.

. 5.25. , NURBS Curves

5.4.
,
NURBS Curves. , .
1. .
Circle,
Editable Splain, Vertex , ,
.
NURBS.

2. Copy, , Select & Scale.

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106

3. , .

4. ,
NURBS.

5. Front . ,
.

6.
, , U-Loft.

, , .
, U-Loft.

7. , .
.

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107

8. U-Loft
Surface, Auto Align Curve Starts
( ).

Surface.
,
.
Surface Common
Flip Normals.

9.
.

10. ,
,
Ruled Surface (, , , ).

. , (,
) .
. 5.26.

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108

. 5.26.

U-Loft,
NURBS-.

5.5.

. ,
. 7.5, 3ds Max
Hair and Fur (WSM), .

Hair and Fur (WSM)

, Hair and Fur (WSM) ( ),
(. 5.27).
, , : ,
. -, (. 5.28).
, ,
General Parameters (. 5.29).

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109

. 5.27. Hair and Fur

. 5.28.
Hair and Fur

. 5.29. General Parameters

Hair and Fur

General Parameters /.
Hair Count .
Hair Segments .
Hair Passes (120).
Density .
Scale .
Cut Length .
Rand. Scale .
Root Thick .
Tip Thick .

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110

Displacement .
Interpolate ( ).
. , .
Multi Strand Parameters ( ). : Count (), Root Splay ( ), Tip
Splay ( ) Randomize ( ).
, .
,
Spot (),
.

1. Spot.
2. , Hair and Fur.
Tools () Render Settings (
), Environment and Effects ( ).
3. , , Add
hair properties ( ) Hair and Fur
Environment and Effects. Environment and Effects.
4. General Parameters . Hair Light Attr ( ) , Light hair ( ) . Resolution (), .
, ,
.
5. (. 5.30).

. 5.30.

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111

. 5.31.

,
. 5.31.
9.
Material Parameters (. 5.32) .
Tip Color ( ) Root Color ( ) . . Specular (
) Glossiness () .

, , .

. 5.32. Material Parameters Hair and Fur

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112

5.6.
3ds Max Design 2012, , reactor, .
Cloth.
,
. Ractangle Garment Maker (. 5.33).

. 5.33.

Cloth .
Object Object Properties (. 5.34):
1. Rectangle Cloth.
2. Presets Silk ().
3. .
4. Object Properties
Add Objects. (. 5.35).
, ,
Add. .
5. ( ),
Collision Object Depth Offset
2330 (. 5.36). .
6. .
7. Object Simulate Local, . Simulate Local.
. 5.37.
Shell.

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. 5.34. Cloth

. 5.35.

113

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114

. 5.36.

. 5.37.

. 5.38. NURBS, Cloth

. 5.38 ,
, . 8.

Copyright & A K-C

6.1.
3ds Max Design 2011,
. 6.1. ,
Slate Material Editors , ,
Modes Compact Material Editors.

. 6.1. Slate Material Editor

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116

6.2.
mat,
. 3ds Max
AecTemplates.mat , 3dsmax.mat. , 3ds Max 2012
Design , . materiallibraries
.

,
Get
Material ( ). Material/Map Browser.
Material/Map Browser, Open Material Library (. 6.3).
.max
.

. 6.2. Material/Map Browser

. 6.3. Material/Map Browser,

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117

, , , . .max
.

6.3.
" 3ds Max Design" (
"-") , Standard, , . , , .
, " ".
, Standard , 3ds
Max , . ,
Standard, 3ds Max.
( ). .

Scanline ,
mental ray .
1. Advanced Lighting Override () , ,
Radiosity ( ).
2. Architectural () ,
. , Photometric Lights,
Radiosity ( ),
.
3. Blend () . , , , .
4. Composite () 10 , . .
(M), (A) (S).
5. Double Sided () ,
, .

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118

6. Ink'n Paint ( ) , ,
.
7. Matte/Shadow ( /)
. Matte/Shadow , .

.
8. Morpher () . Morph, ( 100 )
.
9. Multi/Sub-Object () ,
.
10. Raytrace () .
.
11. Shell () . ,
Baked Material ("" ),
.
12. Shellac () , . , ,
, . .
13. Top/Bottom (/) , , .
, mental ray. .
1. Arch & Design (mi) ( ) ,
. ,
Photometric Lights, mental ray, .
2. Car Paint Material (mi) ( ).
3. Matte/Shadow/Reflection (mi) ( //)
.
Matte/Shadow/Reflection , .
.

Copyright & A K-C

119

4. mental ray , ,
.
5. ProMaterials ,
, .
6. SSS Fast Masterial (mi) ( ) ,
, .
, Get
Material ( )
Material/Map Browser Materials (. 6.4).

. 6.4.

Architectural
, . Architectural ()
, -

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120

. ,
,
Radiosity ( ),
.
,
Light Tracer V-Ray, , . .
, , .
Architectural mental ray ,
. , Emit Energy (Based on Luminance)
Sampling Parameters , . . mental ray
.

mental ray ,
Arch & Design. mental ray
, mental ray .

, Standard,
. , , . , ,
Luminance ().
. Set Luminance from
Light ( ),
(), .
.
,
: , , . .

24 . ,
.
Templates (), . 6.5,
.

. 6.5. Templates

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121

:
User Defined ( ) , Physical Qualities ( );
User-Defined Metal ( ) , 30- ;
Ceramic Tile > Glazed ( );
Ideal Diffuse ( ) , ;
Metal (), Metal > Brushed ( ), Metal > Flat (
), Metal > Polished ( ) , ;
Glass > Clear ( ), Glass > Translucent ( )
, , , () ,
;
Paint Flat ( ), Paint Gloss ( ) Paint
Semi-Gloss ( ) , ;
Paper (), Paper > Translucent ( ) , ;
Stone (), Stone Polished ( ) ,
;
Wood Unfinished ( ), Wood Varnished ( ) , ;
Water ()
, ;
Fabric () , ;
Masonry () , ;
Plastic () .
, ,
. .

Physical Qualities ( ), . 6.6:
Diffuse Color ( ) . ( ) ,
Diffuse Map. Diffuse Color ;
Diffuse Map ( ) , . None ()

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Material/Map Browser ( ) , . .

(100% ). ;

. 6.6. Physical Qualities

Shininess ()

. 0 100% (
Glossiness () );
Transparency ()
. 0 ( ) 100% ( );
Translucency ()
, , , . 0 ( )
100%;
Index of Refraction ( ) , ( );
Luminance cd/m? () , , . ,
.
Emit Energy (Based on Luminance) ( (
)) Advanced Lighting Override ( );

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123

Set luminance from light ( )

, - .
, .
. , , Intensity () ;
2-Sided () ,
, . . , ,
;
Raw Diffuse Texture ( )
,
, , .
Special Effects ( )
, (. 6.7):
Bump () , , , .
, , , , ,
;
Displacement () , .
, , , , ,
;
Intensity ()

;
Cutout ()
.
, .

. 6.7. Special Effects

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Blend

( ),
. ,
.
, Blend (Material 1 Material 2) c (Mask) (. 6.8).

. 6.9. Blend

. 6.8. Blend Basic Parameters

- , , , 640 480 ( ).
(. 6.9).
, .

Blend
. 6.10 . "
".
1. .
2. Standard () .
.
3. Material/Map Browser Blend.
.
4. Material 1, . , . Blend.
5. Material 2 , .
Blend.

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. 6.10.

6. Mask (), Material/

Map Browser, , . - .
7. , .
8. . ,
, . UVW Map, Planar .
. , . Blend
"" , , ,
, , (. 6.11).

. 6.11. ( Blend)

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Blend , Blend, . . ,
(. 6.12 4). . 6.13.

. 6.12. Blend

. 6.13.

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Double Sided
Double Sided
. . 3ds Max
, 2-Sided,
(. 6.14, ). Double Sided (. 6.14, ).

. 6.14. Standard (a) Double Sided ()

Facing Back. Facing Back .

Transparency Facing
Back.
NURBS- (. 6.15).

. 6.15. Double Sided NURBS-

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Ink'n Paint
, "" (. 6.16).
, "" . , ,
.
Lighted, Ink
Width, Outline (. 6.17). Ink Controls
.

. 6.16. Inkn Paint

. 6.17. Paint Controls

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Paint Controls ( ) :
Lighted ( ) ,
. ,
,
;
Paint Levels ( ) , Lighted ( ) . 1 255, . , ;
Shaded ( ) ,
, . . . Lighted ( );
Highlight () . , Glossiness ().
Ink Controls ( ) :
Ink () , ;
Ink Quality ( ) "", , , . 1, 2 3. , 1, ,
. , 2,
, 9 15 . 3
, 30 . , 1, , ;
Ink Width ( ) ,
. Variable Width ( )
, Min ().
Variable Width (),
;
Clamp () . , , Min ();
Outline ()
, .
;

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Overlap () ,

.
.
Overlap Bias ( ) ,
, ,
;
Underlap ()
, ,
. .
Underlap Bias ( ) , ,
, ;
SmGroup ( )
, , . .
;
Mat ID ( )
.
;
Only Adjacent Faces ( ) ,
,
. , , .
Intersection Bias ( ) , .

Matte/Shadow
Scanline Renderer. Scanline
Renderer Rendering > Render Setup.
Assign Renderer Production
Default Scanline Renderer.
Matte/Shadow
.
Matte/Shadow . , Matte/Shadow, "" ,
. .

Matte/Shadow
Basic Parameters:
Opaque Alpha ( -) , - -

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. , -
;
Apply Atmosphere ( ) ,
. :
At Background Depth ( )
, , ,
;
At Object Depth ( )
, , ;
Receive Shadows ( ) ,
,
. Shadow Brightness ( ) : 0 ,
1 .
Color ();
Affect Alpha ( -) ,
-, , , - .

Matte/Shadow
, , , . , .
. :
1. Rendering > Environment.
2. ,
Views > Viewport Background. Use Environment Background (
) Display Background ( ).
3. , . .
4. , . . , ,
.
5. Plane , (. 6.18). ,
(. 6.19).

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. 6.18.

. 6.19. Matte/Shadow

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. 6.20. , Matte/Shadow,

6. Matte/Shadow. . Receive Shadows,

, Shadow
Brightness, . . (. 6.20). 2.

ProMaterials: Water
ProMaterials: Water.
: , , . .
. (. 6.21 11). ,
RayTrace.

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. 6.21. ProMaterials: Water

Multi/Sub-Object
Multi/Sub-Object
. Edit Mesh Edit Poly
(Material ID). Multi/SubObject ID .
, .
1. Multi/Sub-Object. 10 .
.
Set Number (. 6.22) , 4.
ID ,
.

. 6.22. Multi/Sub-Object Basic Parameters

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2.
Sub-Material. ,
. , (. 6.23),
Bitmap .
3. . , Material/Map Navigator
.
4. , .
- , .
5. .
, . 6.24.

. 6.23. Blinn Basic Parameters,

Diffuse

. 6.24. Material/Map Navigator

6. .
(. 6.25).
7. Edit Poly.
Polygon, , ID () 2. Polygon: Material IDs Set ID ( ) 2.
8. , ID () 3.
9. ID (. 6.26).
Multi/Sub-Object 12.

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. 6.25.

. 6.26. ID

Raytrace
Raytrace
, , . . (. 6.27).
Scanline , mental ray.
, . -

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. ,
.
.
Raytrace
Raytrace Basic Parameters ( )
(. 6.28). Transparency (),
100%. Reflect
Fresnel ( ).

. 6.27.

. 6.28. Raytrace Basic Parameters

"",
Background.
. 6.29.

. 6.29. ""

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, (. 6.30),
. Extendend Parameters Density Color (. 6.31).
Raytrace 13 14.

. 6.30. ,
Raytrace

. 6.31. Extended Basic Parameters

Raytrace:
Ambient ()
(ambient absorbtion factor) . . Ambient (), ,
, ;
Diffuse ()
.
, ,
, ,
Reflect () ;
Reflect () .
Value () , Color Selector ( ). , . Value () = 255
.
(Value = 0),
.

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, .
, , 0 100%.
256
.
Fresnel ( ). ,
;
Luminosity () , Self-Illumination
() , . Value ()
. , .
, , 0 100%.
256 .
,
;
Transparency () , (. 6.30) .
Value () . Value () 255 , Value
() = 0 . . . , ,
0 100%. 256 . , ;
Index of Refr ( ) ,
. . 6.1;
Specular Highlights ( ) , , . ,
Shading () ;
Environment ( )
, ,
Environment. .
,
;

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Bump () , Bump ()

Maps ( ) .
6.1.

(- )

0,75

( )

1,00

1,02

1,30

1,33

1,44

1,54

1,55

1,77

2,00

2,42

Top/Bottom
Top/Bottom (. 6.32).

. 6.32. Top/Bottom

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, , Z.

Position (). Blend ()
. Swap () . Coordinates () ,
Z (World)
(Local) .

6.4.
: , ,
, , , . .
.

, , . , .
(. 6.33).
"", .
. . , . . , (. 6.34, ). 640 480.

. 6.33. ""

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142

. 6.34. (), - ()

, , - (. 6.34, ).
Standard.
Diffuse, - Bump. 50 100%.
, Reflection () Raytrace, 1520% (. 6.35).
(Loft, Boolean, Mesh, Poly)
UVW Map.

. 6.35. Maps

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143

6.5.
Resource Collector
Max
,
.
Resource
Collector.
1. Utilities More
Resource Collector.
2. Parameters (. 6.36) Browse
,
, . Include MAX File
, ,
max.
Begin.

Resource Collector.

. 6.36.
Parameters
Resource Collector

6.6. Arch & Design

Arch & Design , . ,

( ).
Arch & Design.
,
.

( Arch & Design):
Templates () ;
Physically accurate ( )
, ;
Tweakable BRDF ( ) , ;
Round corners ( ) ,
;
Indirect Illumination control ( ) ;

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144

Oren-Nayar diffuse ( Oren-Nayar) "-

" , ;
, -

, .
Templates (. 6.37).

. 6.37. Templates

Templates ()
. Templates
. .
Appearance & Attributes .
Matte Finish .
Pearl Finish .
Glossy Finish .
Finishes .
Satin Varnished Wood .
Glossy Varnished Wood .
Rough Concrete .
Polished Concrete .
Glazed Ceramic .
Glazed Ceramic Tiles .
Glossy Plastic .
Matte Plastic .
Masonry .
Rubber .
Leather .
Transparent Materials .
Glass (Thin Geometry) ( ).
Glass (Solid Geometry) ( ).
Glass (Physical) ( ).
Frosted Glass (Physical) .
Translucent Plastic Film, Light ,
.
Translucent Plastic Film, Opalescent (Thin Geometry) , .
Water, Reflective surface , .

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145

Metals .

Chrome .
Brushed Metal .
Satined Metal .
Copper .
Patterned Copper .
Advanced Tools .
Enable Details Enhancement
.
Disable Details Enhancem .
, , Diffuse
Refraction Reflection.
Standard.

Round Corners
Round Corners ( )
Special Effects ( ) (. 6.38).
Round Corners Fillet Radius, .
(. 6.39).

. 6.38. Special Effects

. 6.39. Round Corners

Copyright & A K-C

. ,
.

. , ,
.

7.1.
Mental ray
Skylight (. 7.1). .
Skylight .
, (. 7.2). , . . , (. 7.3).
, , . , Skylight (
), - , Omni Directional.

. , ,
, .
Directional.
, (Target
Direct). Front. ,
. 7.1. Skylight
(. 7.4).

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. 7.2. Skylight

. 7.3. Skylight

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. 7.4. Target

. 7.5.

149

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, :
Multiplier 0,8 1;
Hotspot/Beam Falloff/Field , ;
Overshoot, ;
Shadows ( );
Specular ( ) .
. , , . 7.5.

7.2.
Light Tracer
Skaylight
Light Tracer. , Mental ray.
, .
. Mental ray 3ds Max Design Scanline.

. 7.6. Parameters
Light Tracer

. 7.7.
Default Scanline Renderer

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Rendering > Render

Setup, Assign Renderer Production
(. 7.6).
Default Scanline Renderer (. 7.7) .

Light Tracer
Skylight,
Light Tracer.
Rendering > Light Tracer. (. 7.8).
, , Rays/Sample: 50 150200 .
.
Bounces = 2.
.
Light Tracer .

. 7.8. Parameters Light Tracer

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Parameters Light Tracer (. . 7.8):
Global Multiplier ( );
Sky Lights ( ) , .
;
Rays/Sample ( ) , (
2030, 150250);
Filter Size ( )
;
Ray Bias ( )

;
Color Filter () , , ;
Extra Ambient ( ) ,
, ;
Bounces () , 1, ,
;
Volumes ( ) Volume Light ( )
,

Volume Fog ( ).
, Bounces () . , , ;
Initial Sample Spacing ( ) ( ) , .
1616 ;
Subdivision Contrast ( ) ,
;
Subdivide Down To ( ) . 11.
;
Show Samples ( )
,
.

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, Skylight (
) Light Tracer ( ) . , ,
, .
Light Tracer 2 5.

Light Tracer Mental ray

RAM Player. :
, Light Tracer.
FrameBoofer (, ),
Rendering > Ram Player. , . 7.8.
Channel A . . RAM Player .
RAM Player, Mental ray.
FrameBoofer, RAM Player, Channel
.
. RAM Player .
, (. 7.9).

. 7.9.

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7.3.

Skylight, Multiplier
0,50,8 (. 7.10).
,

(. 7.11). Free Spot ( ). Instanse,
.
. 7.10.
Spot Spotlight Parameters Skylight
Hotspot Falloff (
) (. 7.12).
, .
Tools > Light Lister (. 7.13).
.
, Omni Decay () Inverse (
), 150.
. 7.14 15.

. 7.11.

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. 7.12. Spot

. 7.13. Light Lister

. 7.14.

155

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8.1.
,
Skylight ( ), . , Skylight , . . .
(, ) .

Radiosity, mental ray.
mental ray.
,
, ,
, ,
. , ,
. , , 3ds Max ,
(cd), (lm) (lx).
,
,
.

Create ()
Photometric
() (. 8.1).
:
Target Light ;
Free Light ;
mr Sky Portal , - . 8.1.

mental ray.

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. 8.2. Photometric Light Creation

3ds Max : Photometric Light Creation, . 8.2. : mr Photographic Exposure Control

mental ray Logarithmic Exposure Control Radiosity. Yes
. .

. Templates () (. 8.3). , .
. , General Parameters
Light Distribution (Type)
: Spotlight (), Uniform Diffuse
(), Uniform Spherical () Photometric
Web ( ) (. 8.4).
Photometric Web 8 ( . 8.3.
Recessed 250W Wallwash).
Templates

Intensity/Color/Attenuation (//), . 8.5.
Color () ,
:
15
(. . 8.1, 8.2), Fluorescent (),
Halogen () Mercury (). Kelvin () ;
Kelvin (), , (. . 8.2). , ;

Copyright & A K-C

. 8.4.
General Parameters

159

. 8.5. Intensity/Color/Attenuation

Filter Color ( ) , , .
Intensity () :
lm (lumen ) ;
cd (candela ) , . .
,
;
lx at (lux at ) , .
, ;
Multiplier () , , Intensity ().
Dimming () ,
.
Far Attenuation ( ) Use
, , ,
.

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Shape/Area Shadows (/
) .
. , Line
( )
Length (), .

. Rectangle () : Length ()
. 8.6. Shape/Area Shadows
Width (),

(. 8.6).
Light Shape Visible in Rendering .

.
8.1.

Cool White

Custom

D65White

Daylight Fluorescent

Fluorescent

Halogen

HIGH Pressure Sodium

Incandescent

Low Pressure Sodium

Mercury

Metal Halide

Phosphor Mercury

Quartz

White Fluorescent

Xenon

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8.2.

()

17001800

18501930

20003000

25002900

500 1

3000

32003500

32007500

2 1

3275

510 1

3380

50005400

( )

55006500

55006500

60007500

RGB- ( )

6500
70008000
800010 000

8.2. mental ray

: , ,
.
.
3ds Max Design mental
ray. ,
Rendering > Render Setup. Assign
Renderer ( ) Production
Choose Renderer ( ) (. 8.7). . mental ray K.
mental ray
Render Scene : Processing () Indirect Illumination ( ).

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. 8.7. Assign Renderer

Render Scene

. 8.8. Final Gather

. 8.9. Diffuse Bounces = 0

. 8.10. Diffuse Bounses = 3

Indirect Illumination ( ) , .
Final Gather ( ) (. 8.8)
Enable Final Gather ( ).
,
.
, , . FG Precision Presets ( )
, Draft ( ), . FG
Precision Presets Medium ( ),
. , .
(. 8.9), Diffuse
Bounces ( ).
Diffuse Bounces 2 3, (. 8.10).

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. 8.11. mental ray Frame Buffer

Final Gather ( ) Diffuse Bounces ( ) Frame Buffer

(. 8.11).

8.3.
mental ray
mental ray .
mental ray , . ,
. ( ),
. Free Light Rectangle (. 8.12).
.
Uniform Diffuse General Parameters Light Distribution
(. 8.13) , ( ).

. 8.12. Free Light Rectangle

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164

, Sphere. .
, , , ,
.

. .

Global Illumination
Final Gather Diffuse
Bounces , . 8.13.
Uniform Diffuse
.
Indirect Illumination Caustics
and Global Illumination (GI), Enable () Global Illumination (GI) (. 8.14).
, , .
. 8.15 .
mental ray Global Illumination ,
. , " ",
, .
Global Illumination Final Gather, (. 8.16). . Final Gather () .

. 8.14. Caustics and Global Illumination (GI)

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. 8.15. () Global
Illumination, () GI

165

. 8.16. Global Illumination

Final Gather

Sampling Quality
Sampling Quality Renderer.
, 1 .
Samples per Pixel
Minimum 1, Maximum 16 (. 8.17).
Min = 1/64, Max = 1/4 (. 8.18), ,
(. 8.19).
mental ray,
, Image Precision (Antialiasing).

. 8.17. Sampling Quality

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166

. 8.18. Image Precision (Antialiasing)

. 8.19. c (Min = 1/64, Max = 1/4)

, mental ray,
7, 8.

8.4.
Exposure Control
,
mr Photographic Exposure Control (. 8.20). Yes.

. 8.20. Photometric Light Creation

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, Rendering > Exposure Control. Exposure Control

, Render
Preview (. 8.21).

. 8.21. Exposure Control

mr Photographic Exposure Control (. 8.22). , Shutter Speed

, Aperture , Film speed . , .
Image Control , . Highlights
, Midtones , Shadows .

. 8.22. mr Photographic Exposure Control

Copyright & A K-C

,
.
, , , , .

, , .
, , ,
.
.
, . .
, , .

9.1.
. ,
, .
(. 9.1). , ,
,
. ,
, , , .

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. "", . .
.
. 9.1 , .
, . :

. .

. 9.1.

Free Cameras, , 1500 .

,
( ).
. 9.2 . . , ,
. : -,
, ( ) . ,
. -, . , , , , , .

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171

- , .
Camera Corrections. :
Apply Camera Corrections Modifiers.
.
, . . 9.2 9.3:
, . 9.3 . , , , .

( 1, 9, 10, 14, 16).

. 9.2.

. 9.3.

,
, , 180 .

. . "
", , , .
. , , , . ,
, .

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172

. . . ,
, (. 9.4 9.5).

. 9.4. ( 1)

. 9.5. ( 2)

23 , .
, . 9.6 . , ,
. .
, . . 9.6 .

. , ,
, .

.
, .

,
.
.
. 9.6.

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173

.
.

, . . , .
.
, .
.

.
.

( ).
.


"" (. 9.7).
, (,
), . .

. 9.7.

, 23 . :
(. 9.8, . 12).
( Hide Selection ), .
, , . . ,
.

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174

. 9.8.

9.2.
.

(, . .), .
, (. 9.9).
.

. 9.9.

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175

, , .
(. 9.10).
, . ,
,
. , .

.
(, ,
). ,
,
"
".


. .
, , , .

. 9.10.
: -, - .

. 9.10 "" , "" . , ,
(. 9.11). . .

, .
. .
, , .

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176

. 9.11.

, , .
, , (. 9.12).
, .
4, 6, 15.

(. 9.13).
. ,
.

. 9.12.

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177

. 9.13.

, . , , .

- . "" . , ,
.
, ; , .
.
,
,
.
.

23 ,
. , . 9.14 . , , . .
,
.

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178

, ,
. , , .
, ,
. , , , ,
, .

. 9.14.

, .
, .
.

9.3.
(aperture) , , . .
, , , , . .
, . , .
. -
. , DOF (depth of field).

Copyright & A K-C

179

. , , ,
. , - .
( )
. .
, FOV (field of
view) (angle of view). , , .
() (. 9.1). 3ds Max
(. 9.15).
9.1.

7,5

18

28

35

()
()

50-55
80
135250
500

, , Parameters (. 9.16).

. 9.15.

. 9.16.

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180

Type () .
Environment Ranges ( )
Near Range ( ) Far Range ( ), ,
, , .

Clipping Planes (
) (. 9.16). Near Clip ( ) Far
Clip ( )
,
.
, ,
. ,
Clip Manually Near Clip Far Clip ,
().

Clipping Planes ( ) .

9.4.
Scene States ( ) ,
. , ,
, , . . Scene States
.
Save Scene State ( ),
(. 9.17),
, : Light Properties ( ), Light Transforms
( ), Object Properties ( ), Camera
Transforms ( ), Camera Properties ( ), Layer
Properties ( ), Layer Assignment ( ), Materials () Environment ( ).
, ,
Enter a Scene State name Save.
, .
,
Restore Scene State
( ), .

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. 9.17.
Save Scene State

181

. 9.18.
Manage Scene States

Tools > Manage Scene States ( > ) , ,

(. 9.18).

9.5.
.
, .
, 72 ppi. , 1024 768.
150 ppi, 300 ppi ( ).
, .
3ds Max (. 9.19), . 3ds Max
.
Rendering > Print Size Assistant.

, Renderer Type.
Render Scene Dialog ,
. , Crop
, .

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182

. 9.19. Print Size Wizard

tga,
(Alpha Channel). . .
, . Photoshop
Sharpen.

Photoshop (actions) Sepia Grayscale.

9.6.
3ds Max .
,
, . ,
, , , .
Rendering > Batch Render ( >
), Batch Render (. 9.20).
, Add ().
View01. , , "". , Name (. 9.21).

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183

. 9.20. Batch Render

. 9.21.

Camera . , Render
Scene. Batch Render.
Override Preset, Width () Height
(), .

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184

\3dsmax\renderoutput,
. Output Path ( )
(. 9.22).
Scene State ( )
(, ).
. , Render.
, .
,
.

. 9.22. Batch Render

(Scene States)
(Batch Render)
.

Copyright & A K-C

10

.

anima "".
, ,
.
,
. .
.

10.1.
. 3ds Max Panorama Exporter
Utilities, .
.
Panorama Exporter 6 ,
, , . ( 3ds Max) :
, , , . .
Panorama Exporter Utilities mov,
(. 10.1).
Panorama Exporter Utilities:
1. (Free Cameras)
,
. ,
, (. 10.2).
2428 . .
2. Utilities .
More Panorama Exporter.
Render. . Interactive Panorama Exporter
Common Parameters (. 10.3) .

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10

186

.
2048 1024, . Render
.

. 10.1. ,
Panorama Exporter Utilities

. 10.2. ,

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187

. 10.3.
Interactive Panorama Exporter Common Parameters

3. 6 (4 , ), "" Panorama Exporter Viewer,

(. 10.4). ,
.

. 10.4.
Panorama Exporter Viewer

. 10.5. File > Export

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188

10

4. , Panorama Exporter Viewer File > Export > Export QuickTimeVR (. 10.5).
, , mov.
5. ,
File > Export > Export Sphere (Cylinder). . 10.1.
, ,
Apple QuickTime. ,
; ,
QuickTime, .

10.2.
3D- .
, .
, ,
.
. ,
, .
XIX ,
XX ,
3040- .
. ,
,
, , .
- .
, , (keyframes).

(animation keys). 3ds Max .
,
.
, 3ds Max . ( , , . .),
( ,
. .) (animation controller).

Copyright & A K-C

189

,
.
.
. , ,
, .
30 (NTSC), 25 (PAL);
24 ; , , 1215 .

.
Time
Configuration ( ),
, (. 10.6).
Time Configuration (. 10.7) Frame
Rate ( ) (NTSC, PAL .),
, ( FPS).
PAL.

. 10.6.

. 10.7. Time Configuration

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10

NTSC 30

(, 29,97 ), (NTSC National Television Standards Committee)

.
PAL Phase Alternate Line 25
, .
Film () 24 .
Custom ()
FPS (Frames Per Second ).
Time Display ( ) . ,
, (Frames), . , SMPTE. Frames, .
( ) Animation ().
Start Time ( ), End Time ( )
(active time segment) ,
. . ,
.
Length () Start Time ( )
End Time ( ). End Time
( ) Frame Count ( ).
Frame Count ( ) , . .
Current Time ( ) .
Re-scale Time ( ) ,
Re-Scale Time ( ),
, Start Time ( ), End Time ( ) Length (). ,
.
.
. , .

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Playback ():
Real Time ( )
, , Speed (). 3ds Max
. , ;
Active Viewport Only ( )
.
,
, ;
Direction () , Real Time ( ),
: Forward (), Reverse
() Ping-Pong (-).

, . . , , , (
X, Y, Z), , . : , , , .
,
(. 10.8). . . .
. ,
.

. 10.8.

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10

. 101
( ), 0/100. ,
.
3ds Max .
(auto key),
.
(set key), . ,
.
.

Toggle Auto Key Mode ( ) ,

.

Toggle Set Key Mode ( ) , .

Set Keys.

Set Keys ( ), .
Key Filters ( ) ,
, .

Auto Key ( ). :
,
.
:
1. Sphere.
2. Auto Key .
3. 50- .
4. Sphere Front .
5. 100- .
6. Sphere Front .
7. Auto Key.
8. , . Play nimation ( )
. , .
, -.
(. 10.9). , 3ds Max 0

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193

.
0 .
, , , , .

. 10.9. 50- 100-

Auto Key,
, , . .
, .
,
. ,
<Ctrl> .
. , .
, , . , , . ,
, .
, <Delete>.
:
1. .
2. Display, Display Properties Trajectory ().
(. 10.10).

. 10.10.

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194

,
.

Track View ( ).

. Curve Editor (Open)
Graph Editors >
Track View > Curve Editor ( ) (. 10.11).

. 10.11. Track View

Track View
. .
. . ,
.
.
World (). , World, , . :
Sound (), Enviroment (), Material Editor ( ),

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195

Scene Materials ( ) Objects (). Objects . Transform (): Positions (), Rotations (),
Scale (). ,
. (X, Y, Z) .

Track View Curve Editor, .

Add Keys .
, .

Move Keys .
.

Key Info (
), (. 10.12).
, .

. 10.12. Key Info

. , Advanced ()
, Simple ().

, .
.
Time
(). , ( ).
L (Lock ) , , .

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196

10

Value () .
In () Out () , , . , .


Flat Tangent ( ) , 3ds Max
. ,
, , , . , ,
.
, . .
.
Smooth () , ,
.
Linear () .
Linear Out,
Linear In, .
Step () , . ""
( Out In).
Fast ( ) .
,
.
Slow ( ) ,
Fast. -

Copyright & A K-C

197

,
.
Custom (, ) , . , Key Info.

10.3.
, . .
. , . , , -,
. , ,
, .
, , .

.
" ".
, (. 10.13).
Trajectory ( ).
1. (. 10.14).
.
2. 3ds Max 100 , ,
4 .
. .
Time Configuration
Length () 400. . K.
3. Auto Key.
100- .
(. 10.15).
4. 200- .
(. 10.16).
5. 300-
(. 10.17).
6. 400-
(. 10.18).

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198

. 10.13. (Target Cameras)

. 10.14.

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. 10.15. 0 100

. 10.16. 0 200

199

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200

. 10.17. 0 300

. 10.18. 0 400

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7. Auto Key .
8. ,
Auto Key,
.

, .
Renderig > Render. Render Scene
(. 10.19).
1. Time Output Active Time Segment ( ).
2. Output Size .
3. AVI, Render Output
Files (. 10.20). ,
, , avi
. (. 10.21). .
- , , ,
,
. , -.
MPEG-4.
K.
4. Render.
. 3ds Max 400 , "" . avi. , .
, , .

. 10.19. Render Scene,

Common Parameters

. 10.20.
Files

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202

. 10.21. AVI File Compression Setup

, , . . ,
. -
, (animation constraints).
, .
. , ,
(. 10.22).

Path Constraint
,
- , , .
, .
1. . Free
Cameras. (. 10.23).

. 10.22.

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. 10.23. Top,

. 10.24. Top, -

2. .
, .
NURBS Curve (. 10.24). , ,
.

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204

3. 130150 .
4. Motion
. Position Assign Controller
(. 10.25).
5.
Path Constraint K.
Path Parameters (. 10.26)
Add Path ( ) .
6. . . .
7.

, Follow () (. 10.27).

, , Auto Key,
0 Select & Rotate.

. 10.26. Add Path

. 10.25.

Position

. 10.27.
Path Constraint

8. % Along Path ( ). ,
.
.
9. Bank (),
.
. ,
. Bank
Amount ( ), , . .
, Smoothness ().
, ,
, , . .

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10. Loop (),

.
, , Relative ().
11. ,
Set Key. , ,
Select & Rotate Set Keys.
12. , Time
Configuration Re-scale
Time (). Re-scale Time (. 10.28).
Length 600 K. Time
Configuration K. , .
13. AVI.

. 10.28. Re-scale Time

, .
.
3ds Max,
, Adobe Premiere.

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11

V-Ray
11.1. V-Ray
V-Ray Chaos Group ,
. .
. .
, .

V-Ray
. -
Chaos Group.
V-Ray
1.50.SP6 3ds Max Design 2012.
1. VRayInstall.exe ,
3ds Max.
2. , . , .

V-Ray

V-Ray , . . . Rendering > Render Setup. Render Scene.
Assign Renderer ( ) (. 11.1)
Production Choose Renderer ( ).
(. 11.2).
V-Ray K.

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208

. 11.1. Assign Renderer

Render Scene

. 11.2. V-Ray

. 11.3. V-Ray

V-Ray Render Scene : V-Ray Indirect

illumination. V-Ray (. 11.3),
c V-Ray.
V-Ray 3ds Max ( , ), -

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V-Ray

209

, 3ds Max. V-Ray, . V-Ray , .

C V-Ray 3ds Max:
VRay renderer V-Ray;
VRayLight ;
VRayShadows ( );
VRayMtl , /, ,
;
VRayMap , V-Ray / (glossy) 3ds Max;
VRayHDRI HDRI- ( hdr);
VRayEdgesTex , ;
VRayDisplacementMod , .

11.2.
V-Ray
V-Ray .
V-Ray ,
. ,
. ( ),
.
Plane c . , Sphere. .
. .

V-RayLight
,
V-Ray, ""
VRayLight. V-Ray
Create Lights.
VRay. VRayLight (. 11.4).
.
Plane. , .
, , .
, Parameters (. 11.5).
VRayLight Parameters:
On ;
Exclude ;

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210

. 11.4. VRayLight

. 11.5. VRayLight
Parameters

. 11.6. VRayLight
Parameters, Options

Type (Plane , Dome , Sphere );

Units ;
Color ;
Multiplier ;
Size .
Options Parameters (. 11.6) :
Cast shadows ;
Double-sided .
Plane. ;
Invisible ;
Ignore light normals . , V-Ray ,
.

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V-Ray

211

, ;
No decay . VRayLight
. ,
;
Skylight portal , Color Multiplier . (Environment);
Store with irradiance map . , , VRayLight, .
,
;
Affect diffuse ;
Affect specular ;
Affect reflections ;
Subdivs , V-Ray .

VRayShadows
V-Ray , :
( Intensity/
Color/Attenuation);
VRayShadows.
VRayShadows () , VRay Displacement .
VRayShadows VRayShadows params (. 11.7).
Transparent shadows ( ) ,
. , V-Ray
Shadow Parameters
(Color, Dens., Map .).
Bias () .
Area shadow ( ) /
() .
Box () V-Ray
,
.
Sphere () V-Ray , .
U size, V size, W size , . 11.7.
.
VRayShadows

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212

Subdivs () , V-Ray

. , ,
.

11.3. V-Ray
V-Ray 3ds Max, Raytrace Architectural.
V-Ray , .

VRayMtl

VRayMtl. , , .
VrayMtl ,
(Bump) (Displacement). , . VRayMtl Basic parameters (. 11.8).

. 11.8. Basic parameters VRayMtl

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213

Diffuse ( ) ;
Roughness , ;
Reflection:

Reflect () . . ( ).
, ;
Fresnel reflections ( ) , ,
. , . .
;
Refl. glossiness () . ,
1, , . ,
, , .
, Subdivs;
Subdivs () . ,
, ;
Use interpolation () V-Ray , , (Irradiance map) ;
Max depth ( )
. , , , , ;
Exit color ( ) ,
, . . .
Refraction:
Refract () . . (
). ;
IOR (Index Off Refraction) ;
Glossiness () ;
Max depth ( ) ;
Exit color , , ;
Fog color ( ) ,
. , , .
, , ;
Fog multiplier ( ) (Fogging);

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11

Affect shadows ( ) , , , (, . .). VRay Shadows VRay Light.

Translucency (, ).
Type, None, ( ). ,
( Refraction ).
:
Hard (wax) model , ;
Soft (water) model , ;
Hybrid model .
Thickness () .
Light multiplier ( ) Translucent.
Scatter coeff ( )
. 0,5 , . 1,5 ,
, .
Fwd/bck coeff ( ) . = 1,5 , . = 0,5 ,
. . . 0,55
.

""
, . 11.9, :
1. VRayMtl.
2. .
3. Reflections ()
Fresnel reflections ( ).
4. Refractions () Refract ( , ).
5. IOR = 1,5.
6. Affect shadows ( ).

. 11.9.
""

" "
, . 11.10, :
1. VRayMtl.
2. .

Copyright & A K-C

V-Ray

3. Reflections ()
Fresnel reflections ( ).
4. Refractions () Refract ( , ).
5. IOR = 1,5.
6. Refractions () Glossiness
() 0,8.
7. Affect shadows ( ).

215

. 11.10.
" "

""
, . 11.11, :
1. VRayMtl.
2. .
3. Reflections ()
Reflect .

, . 11.12, :
1. VRayMtl.
2. ,
(, ).
3. Reflections () Reflect
( ,
, ).
4. Reflections () Glossiness
() 0,8.

. 11.11.
""

. 11.12.

3ds Max, VRayMap.
Reflect, Refract Glossiness.

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216

11.4. V-Ray
,
. Renderig > Render Setup
Renderer, V-Ray.

Indirect illumination
.
Indirect illumination Indirect illumination (GI) On () (. 11.13).

. 11.13. Indirect illumination (GI)

Primary bounces ( )
Irradiance map ( ).
() ; ,
. . . ,
Light Cache ( ) , , , . Light Cache .
Secondary bounces ( )
Brute force. Light Cache.

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217

Light Cache
Light Cache , .
Light cache Subdivs 200300, 5001000 (. 11.14).

. 11.14. Light cache

Irradiance map
. Irradiance map
.
. , ,
GI ,
. . ,
,
(pass), .

. 11.15. Irradiance map ( )

Current preset (. 11.15).

.
Very low ( ) , .

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218

Low () ,

.
Medium () ,

, .
Medium animation (, ) -

Distance threshold
.
High () , .
High animation (, ) ,

Distance threshold .
Very high ( ) , .
Show calc. phase ( ) , V-Ray . , .

Image sampler (Antialiasing)

V-Ray (. 11.16)
( ).

. 11.16. Image sampler (Antialiasing)

V-Ray
Image sampler Type:
Fixed ( ) , ;
Subdivs () , - ;
Adaptive DMC ( DMC)
DMC Sampling. , ,

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219

. V-Ray, ,
DMC Sampling;
Adaptive subdivision ( ) (), . V-Ray. (
) , .

Adaptive subdivision. Adaptive subdivision image sampler Min. rate

0, Max. rate 2 (. 11.17). Min. rate: -1, Max. rate: 2.

. 11.17. Adaptive subdivision image sampler

V-Ray .
, , .

Color mapping
, Color mapping (. 11.18). Color
mapping , .

. 11.18. Color mapping

Type () .
:
Linear multiply ( ) ,
;

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220

Exponential ( ) ,

;
HSV exponential (HSV ) -

, , .

Linear multiply,
Exponential HSV exponential.

System
System Settings (. 11.19) .

. 11.19. System

Render region division ( )

, ( ""). V-Ray.
,
. ,
( ), . - ,
,

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221

(. . , ).
, . .
(, . .).
X ( Region W/H), ( Region Count).
Y ( Region W/H), ( Region Count).
Region sequence ,
. Triangulation,
,
( displacement, VRayProxy VRayFur). . ,
, . (Top-Bottom, Left-Right).
Reverse sequence , .
Distributed rendering Settings. ,
,
.
Frame stamp ( ) ( , ) .
, , , . . .
(%). (. 11.1).
11.1.

%vrayversion

V-Ray

%filename

%frame

%primitives

, ,

%rendertime

%computername

%date

Copyright & A K-C

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222

11.1 ()

%time

%w

%h

%camera

( )

%<maxscript parameter name>

V-Ray,
MaxScript

%ram

( )

%vmem

( )

%mhz

%os

11.5.
, V-Ray. , . , .
.

Raytrace,
?
Raytrace, Raytrace
V-Ray. V-Ray
VRayMtl VRayMap.
VRayMtl VRayMap,
?
VRayMtl V-Ray,
3ds Max
. V-Ray,
,
VRayMap. Reflection Refraction
.

Copyright & A K-C

V-Ray

223

V-Ray?
, . , V-Ray .
(wireframe) V-Ray?
, VRayEdges.
? Reflect , .
, , . - , , , .
HDRI.

HDRI
HDRI?
High Dynamic Range Image ( ). ,
,
. , , ,
. .
HDRI ,
Reflection/Refraction, Environment, V-Ray.
HDRI VRayMtl, Maps Environment.
HDRI- ?
3ds Max
. ,
. , V-Ray. , , , VRay light,
, .
HDRI,
?
, GI/Skylight,
Environment, V-Ray. , Screen, Spherical, "" .

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224

11

(Global Illumination)?
, ,
, . Global Illumination.
?
, - UWV-.
, ,
Scanline Renderer . .
Clamp Cropping .
. V-Ray , ?
Double Sided
VRaymat, Standard
Opacity = 0.
? , , ?
, . ( ), . .
V-Ray, , . Scanline .
- , . , .
V-Ray ?
, VrayShadow.
400 400, , 800 800? ?
, . ,
(sampling rate).
, ?
.

. VrayLight, . -

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225

VrayLight, . Subdivs .
( Glossy) ,
, Subdivs .
Subdivs.
.
, .

V-Ray ?
, . V-Ray
Settings System Distribution Rendering, Launch Vray DR spawner Windows.
?
, . ,
.

11.6.
Vray
Vray .
Vray .

. 11.20.

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226

, mental ray (. 11.20). VRayLight , ,

(, ). - Target Direct , , . Target
Direct VrayShadow. Target Direct Hotspot ,
(. 11.21) . . 11.22 16.

. 11.21. Direct

. 11.22.

Copyright & A K-C

!
, , . ,
. ,

.
, .
,
olga@3dmaster.ru. , www.3dmaster.ru, , 3D-.
,

Copyright & A K-C

Save File

<Ctrl>+<S>

Align

<Alt>+<A>

Angle Snap

<A>

Snap

<S>

Polygon Counter

<7>

Quick Render

<Shift>+<Q>

Render Scene

<F10>

Render Last

<F9>

Environment Dialog

<8>

Default Lighting

<Ctrl>+<L>

Material Editor

<M>

Undo Viewport Operation

<Shift>+<Z>

Undo Scene Operation

<Ctrl>+<Z>

Redo Viewport Operation

<Shift>+<Y>

Redo Scene Operation

<Ctrl>+<Y>

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229

""

Move

<W>

""

Rotate Mode

<E>

""

Smart Scale

<R>

Smart Select

<Q>

Select Invert

<Ctrl>+<I>

Select None

<Ctrl>+<D>

Select-By-Name Dialog

<H>

Selection Lock Toggle

<Spacebar>

Select All

<Ctrl>+<A>

Isolation Mode

<Alt>+<Q>

Show Main Toolbar Toggle

<Alt>+<6>

Transform Gizmo Toggle

<X>

Transform Type-In Dialog

<F12>

Wireframe /
Smooth+Highlights Toggle

<F3>

View Edged Faces Toggle

<F4>

Expert Mode

<Ctrl>+<X>

Hide Grids Toggle

<G>

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230

Zoom Extents

<Alt>+<Ctrl>+<Z>

Zoom Extents All

<Shift>+<Ctrl>+<Z>

Zoom Extents Selected All

<Z>

Maximize Viewport Toggle

<Alt>+<W>

""

Zoom Mode

<Alt>+<Z>

""

Pan View

<Ctrl>+<P>

Zoom Region Mode

<Ctrl>+<W>

Zoom Viewport In

< [>

Zoom Viewport Out

<] >

Adaptive Degradation

<O>

Copyright & A K-C

1
1-Rail Sweep 102
2
2.5D Snap 18
2D Snap 18
2-Rail Sweep 104
3
3D Snap 19
A
AecTemplates 60
Align 22
Ambient 138
Angle Snap 19
Animation constraints 202
Animation controller 188
Animation keys 188
Arch & Design 143
Architectural 119, 212
Array 27
Array Transformation 27
Auto Key 192, 201
B
Batch Render 182
Bevel 67
Bevel Profile 67
Blend 124
Bump 123
C
Camera Corrections 171
Choose Driver 13

Clipping Planes 180

Color mapping 219
CrossSection 86
CV-curves 98
D
Depth of field 178
Diffuse Color 121
Diffuse Map 121
Displacement 123
Doors 47
Double Sided 127
E
Edit Mesh 79
Exposure Control 166
Extrude 67, 68, 80
F
Final Gather 162
Foliage 57
Frame Rate 189
Frames 190
Free Cameras 170, 185, 202
Free Light 157
Freeze 37
G
Get Material 116
Global Illumination 164, 224
Glossiness 111
Grid 17
Grid and Snap Settings 19
Grid Object 23
Grid Spacing 17

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232

H
Hair and Fur (WSM) 108
HDRI 223
HDRI- 223
Helpers 23
Hide 36
I
Image sampler (Antialiasing) 218
Import 65
Indirect illumination 161, 216
Inkn Paint 128
Irradiance map 216, 217
K
Keyboard Entry 63
L
Lattice 79
Layers 33
Light Cache 217
Locks 37
M
Material/Map Browser 60
Matte/Shadow 130
Measure Distance 39
Mental ray 161, 163
Mr Sky Portal 157
Multi/Sub-Object 134
N
NURBS 98
NURBS Creation Toolbox 99
NURBS Curves 98
NURBS- 104
O
Optimize 83
P
Panorama Exporter 185
Path Constraint 202
Percent Snap 19

Photometric 157
Point curves 98
ProBoolean 69
R
Radiosity 157
Railing 50
Raytrace 136, 212
Reflect 138
Render 201
Render Output 201
Resource Collector 143
Ruled Surface 98
S
Sampling Quality 165
Scanline 224
Scanline Renderer 224
Scene States 180
Set Key 205
Shininess 122
Show Grid 17
Snap 18, 19, 23
Spacing Tool 31
Specular 111
Spinner Snap 19
Stairs 52, 55
Standard 117
Subdivs 217
Surface 85
Surface Properties 135
Sweep 67, 72
T
Tape 23, 39
Target Cameras 198
Target Light 157
Time Configuration 189
Toolbox 99
Top/Bottom 140
Track View 194
Trajectory 193, 197
Transform Center 26
Translucency 122
Transparency 122

Copyright & A K-C

U
U-Loft Surface 101
Use Pivot Point Center 26
UVW Map 142
V
V-Ray 207
Vray Shadow 224
VRay Shadows 211

188
178

115, 116

22

178

176
13

15

157
191
188
188
173
177

233

VRayLight 209
VRayMap 215
VRaymat 224
VRayMtl 212, 214
W
Walls 41
Weld 68, 81
Windows 44

23
77, 82
157
157

27
25
117
Architectural 117
Blend 117
Composite 117
Double Sided 117
Ink'n Paint 118
Matte/Shadow 118
Multi/Sub-Object 118
Raytrace 118

170, 175
23
19

182
177
188
18

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234

30
31
181

225
17
25
Gimbal 25
Grid 26
Local 25
Pick 26
Screen 25
World 25
32
192

121
16
175
,
179
179
,
26
189
,
116
79