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Acronis, Acronis Compute with Confidence, Acronis Recovery Manager, Acronis,
Acronis True Image, Acronis Try&Decide Acronis Acronis.
Linux .
VMware VMware Ready
VMware .
Windows MS-DOS .
.
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license.txt, .
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- http://kb.acronis.com/content/7696.
........................................................................................................ 8
2.1
.................................................................................................. 8
2.2
.......................................................................... 8
2.3
................................................................................... 8
2.4
................................................................................................... 9
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10 ........................................................................................................11
2.11 ........................................................................................................11
3
............................................................................................................... 12
3.1
...........................................................................................12
3.2
..............................................................................................................13
3.3
....................................................................................................13
3.4
, ...........................................................................14
3.5
..............................................................................15
3.6
4 ...................................................16
.............................................................................................................. 18
4.1
................................................................................................................18
4.2
...............................................................................................................18
4.3
4.4
4.5
..............................................................................................21
4.5.1
4.5.2
..........................................................................................................................................21
...........................................................................................................................................22
4.6
......................................................................................................................22
4.7
..........................................................................................................23
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.8
....................................................................................................................................24
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.9
...................................................................................................................23
.....................................................................................................24
................................................................................................................25
.........................................................................................26
...............................................................................................26
4.10 .............................................................................................................................27
............................................................................................................. 29
5.1
........................................................................................................................29
5.2
.....................................................................................................31
5.3
.................................................................................................................32
5.4
................................................................................................................33
5.5
...............................................................................................34
5.6
...........................................................................................................35
5.7
........................................................................................................................36
5.8
....................................................................................................37
5.9
..........................................................................................................37
5.10 ........................................................................................................38
5.11 ..................................................................39
5.12 ..................................................................40
5.13 .......................................................................................................40
5.14 ....................................................................40
5.15 ..............................................................................................................41
5.16 ..................................................................................................................42
5.17 ..............................................................................................42
5.18 ...............................................................................................43
5.19 .....................................................................................43
5.20 ...........................................................................................................44
5.21 ...............................................................................................44
5.22 .............................................................................................45
5.23 ..........................................................................................................................46
5.24 .................................................................................................................46
5.25 i-node ....................................................................................................47
6
............................................................................................................ 48
6.1
...........................................................................................................48
6.2
.............................................................................................49
6.3
6.4
6.5
........................................................52
6.6
........................................................53
6.7
................................................54
6.8
................................................55
6.9
............................................................................................................55
6.10 ......................................................................................56
6.11 .........................................................................................................................57
............................................................................................................................... 58
7.1
Acronis ..............................................................58
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.2
8
Acronis OS Selector................................................................................................................ 67
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
8.1.7
8.2
..........................................................................................................................................67
........................................................................................................................68
...................................................................................................................................................69
...................................................................................72
..................................................................................................................74
Acronis OS Selector ...........................................................................................74
........................76
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
........................................................................................................59
...........................................................................................................64
............................................................................................................... 90
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http://kb.acronis.com/content/8128).
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........................................................................... 23
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4.1
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.................................. 39
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................................................................................... 42
.............................................................. 42
............................................................... 43
...................................................... 43
........................................................................... 44
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i-node .................................................................... 47
5.1
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MBR GPT ....................................................... 51
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6.1
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MBR.
: MBR GPT
MBR- GPT-
.
.
1. MBR-:
.
2. : MBR- GPT-
GPT.
51
3. GPT-:
.
.
( ) ,
( (. 40)).
, 2 , .
GPT- MBR-
1. GPT-, MBR, MBR.
, , GPT-
MBR-.
,
GPT- MBR-. ,
,
GPT- MBR-
(, , 2 ),
.
2. ,
GPT- MBR-.
,
.
(. 23).
.
6.5
.
.
1. , ,
.
.
2. ,
.
52
.
, (--) .
, ,
,
.
,
.
(. 23).
.
,
, ,
,
.
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1. Windows Vista Windows 7.
2. .
! , ,
. ,
Reset .
, ,
.
6.6
,
,
.
,
,
. .
1. , ,
.
.
,
. ,
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53
, ),
.
2. ,
.
,
.
(. 23).
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(,
8
).
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2. .
! , ,
. ,
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(
);
,
.
6.7
1.
.
2. , .
54
,
, :
// ;
.
. // ,
(. 55).
.
.
: http://technet.microsoft.com/ruru/library/cc732026.aspx.
6.8
1.
.
2. , .
,
. ,
, .
.
: http://technet.microsoft.com/ru-ru/library/cc732026.aspx.
6.9
, .
,
, .
.
,
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.
.
;
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55
1.
.
, , .
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: http://technet.microsoft.com/ru-ru/library/cc771775.aspx
2. ,
.
,
.
(. 23).
.
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, ,
. (Logical Disk Manager, LDM)
,
, , .
,
.
. :
http://technet.microsoft.com/ru-ru/library/cc732026.aspx.
, LDM.
(. 36) . ,
, , , ,
(. 42).
1. ,
.
2. , .
,
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(. 23).
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56
6.11
, .
, , ,
. ,
(. 48) .
1. , ,
.
2. , .
,
.
(. 23).
.
. MBR- ,
Acronis Recovery Expert (. 65).
MBR.
57
Acronis Acronis
Recovery Expert.
, , ,
Acronis Disk Director ,
.
Acronis ............................... 58
Acronis Recovery Expert .......................................................................... 65
Acronis OS Selector .................................................................................. 67
Acronis Disk Editor ................................................................................... 81
7.1 Acronis
Acronis Disk Director,
.
(-, DVD-, USB-
, BIOS ),
PC- Acronis Disk Director Linux
Windows (WinPE) .
Acronis.
Acronis ISO-
.
, Acronis Disk Director
. :
Linux
Linux Acronis Disk Director
Linux. PC-
,
.
58
PE
PE Windows,
Windows (WinPE), Acronis
WinPE, Acronis Disk Director,
.
WinPE
.
PE ,
Linux, RAID RAID-. PE 2.x
PE 3.0 .
7.1.1
CD/DVD- -.
ISO- ,
-.
Linux
, >
.
1. Linux.
2.
.
Linux , , hda1
sdb2. MD LVM ( ).
Windows C: D:.
(LDM).
3. . .
Linux (. 60).
PE
Acronis WinPE WinPE
:
PE 2.x 3.0,
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
59
Windows. Acronis
WinPE 2.x 3.0 (. 62).
WAIK, .
1. Windows.
Automated Installation Kit (AIK) Windows Vista (PE 2.0):
http://www.microsoft.com/Downloads/details.aspx?familyid=C7D4BC6D-15F3-4284-9123679830D629F2&displaylang=en
Automated Installation Kit (AIK) Windows Vista SP1 Windows Server 2008 (PE 2.1):
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=94bb6e34-d890-4932-81a55b50c657de08&DisplayLang=en
Automated Installation Kit (AIK) Windows 7 (PE 3.0):
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=696DD665-9F76-4177-A81139C26D3B3B34&displaylang=en
2. [] WAIK DVD- .
3. Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 (NETFXx86 NETFXx64
).
4. Microsoft Core XML (MSXML) 5.0 6.0
.
5. Windows AIK.
, Windows AIK.
, Microsoft Windows AIK >
.
Linux
.
1.
[] Linux. .
,
Acronis Disk Director, : vga=ask
. (. 61).
2. Acronis, .
, Acronis , - ,
( ) Acronis.
60
ISO- , .
5. ISO- .
Linux.
.
.
, .
, , F11 .
, .
acpi=off
ACPI.
.
noapic
Advanced
Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC).
.
vga=ask
. vga ,
.
vga=_
. _
, vga=0x318
, ,
. _
vga=ask.
quiet
Linux
.
,
.
,
. ,
: /bin/product
nousb
USB.
61
nousb2
USB 2.0. USB 1.1
. USB-
USB 1.1, USB 2.0.
nodma
access (DMA) IDE.
.
nofw
FireWire (IEEE1394).
nopcmcia
PCMCIA.
nomouse
.
_=off
, _. ,
SATA, sata_sis=off
pci=bios
BIOS PCI
. ,
PCI.
pci=nobios
BIOS PCI.
. ,
. BIOS.
pci=biosirq
BIOS PCI .
,
(IRQ) PCI .
.
.
ISO- PE .
Acronis WIM-
( ISO-, . .).
,
62
Windows. , ,
(. 59).
WinPE 2.x 3.0 x86.
WnPE x64.
PE WinPE 2.0 256 .
PE 2.0 512 . PE WinPE 3.0
512 .
WinPE .
.
ISO- PE
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
WinPE.
[] Windows, Windows PE.
Windows PE ,
. *.inf
SCSI, RAID SATA, ,
.
, WinPE.
, ISO- WIM-.
, .
.
ISO- - DVD-
-.
PE (ISO-) WIM-
boot.wim Windows PE WIM-.
:
copy c:\AcronisMedia.wim c:\winpe_x86\ISO\sources\boot.wim
Oscdimg. :
oscdimg -n bc:\winpe_x86\etfsboot.com c:\winpe_x86\ISO
c:\winpe_x86\winpe_x86.iso
Windows PE .
Windows (Winpe.chm).
63
7.1.2
,
. .
1. (. 43) (. 44)
.
2. (. 22),
Windows. Windows,
. , Windows,
(
Linux Windows PE).
3. Linux
(sda1, sda2...).
4. .
.
, ,
( ).
- , .
1. F11.
2. vga=ask .
3. ,
(, 318) ENTER.
, , (
vga=0x318), .
. Linux (. 60).
,
Linux
Linux
, .
CTRL+ALT+F2 .
Linux
busybox
fxload
ls
pktsetup
strace
cat
gawk
lspci
poweroff
swapoff
cdrecord gpm
lvm
ps
swapon
chmod
grep
mc
raidautorun sysinfo
chown
growisofs mdadm
readcd
tar
chroot
grub
mkdir
reboot
tune2fs
cp
gunzip
mke2fs
rm
udev
dd
halt
mknod
rmmod
udevinfo
64
df
hexdump
mkswap
route
udevstart
dmesg
hotplug
more
scp
umount
dmraid
ifconfig
mount
scsi_id
uuidgen
e2fsck
init
mtx
sed
vconfig
e2label
insmod
mv
sg_map26
vi
echo
iscsiadm
parted
sh
zcat
egrep
kill
pccardctl sleep
fdisk
kpartx
ping
ssh
fsck
ln
pktsetup
sshd
.
.
1. .
2. Acronis Recovery Expert
. Acronis Recovery Expert
. ,
Recovery Expert. , Recovery Expert
.
Recovery Expert
. ,
.
. ,
. ,
.
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
65
. . Acronis
Recovery Expert .
,
.
.
,
. ,
Recovery Expert.
3. ,
. ,
, .
4. , .
.
, , ,
.
1. .
2.
, .
,
.
3. :
()
.
.
. , ,
.
4. Acronis Recovery Expert
.
. , .
, Recovery Expert.
, ,
. ,
, .
.
.
, .
, .
5. ,
,
. ,
, .
6. , .
66
Acronis OS Selector
Acronis OS Selector , ,
,
Windows 7. Acronis OS Selector :
Windows;
MBR-
CD- DVD-;
;
;
.
........................................................................................................................ 67
...................................................................................................... 68
................................................................................................................................ 69
.................................................................. 72
................................................................................................ 74
Acronis OS Selector .......................................................................... 74
........ 76
8.1.1
Windows;
Acronis OS Selector,
. ,
.
, ,
, . Acronis OS Selector
,
Windows. CD/DVD,
. CD/DVD
.
.
67
, , ,
.
,
(. (. 73)).
().
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
OS Selector , Acronis OS
Selector .
OS Selector ,
.
,
.
Acronis OS Selector.
8.1.2
Acronis OS Selector .
CD/DVD BIOS,
CD/DVD Acronis OS Selector
. BIOS
, .
Acronis OS Selector ,
OS Selector Acronis OS Selector
Windows .
68
,
.
Acronis OS Selector ,
. F6,
.
(MBR).
8.1.3
,
.
Acronis OS Selector
:
( ).
Acronis OS Selector Windows.
Acronis OS Selector
, ,
.
:
;
;
.
Acronis OS Selector
Windows Acronis OS Selector
:
Acronis OS Selector;
.
.
.
,
.
;
;
.
69
,
. , .
Acronis OS Selector ,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
.
,
.
Acronis OS Selector ,
.
, ,
, .
,
.
MS-DOS 7.1 ,
MS-DOS 7.1+, Acronis OS Selector.
OS/2 ,
OS/2, Acronis OS Selector.
Windows 98/Me.
70
Acronis OS Selector ( ).
, .
Windows 2000.
.
Windows ,
( BIOS) (.
(. 76)).
( )
, ( . .) ,
, . OS
Selector ,
.
,
Windows , ,
(. Windows (. 79)).
,
. , ,
.
.
.
.
Acronis OS Selector
Windows. ,
. Windows 2000/XP
Windows, Program Files Documents and Settings, Windows 7
Program Data, Users .
(, Linux)
, . ,
.
(, Linux)
, FAT16/32 NTFS.
,
/ ,
.
, . ,
Windows , (.
Windows (. 78)).
71
Acronis OS Selector
.
;
.
,
, .
: command.com, config.sys, msdos.sys autoexec.bat.
Windows
.
.
Acronis OS Selector
. ,
, . ,
, .
Acronis OS Selector
Windows .
.
, FAT16/FAT32, IO.SYS
2 .
( ), Acronis OS Selector
.
Windows 2000
(. 72).
.
8.1.4
?
,
OS Selector.
1. .
2. ,
.
, .
.
72
1. Acronis OS
Selector,
.
2.
( )
.
, ,
.
Acronis OS Selector ,
.
.
, .
, , , .
.
,
.
.
.
, .
OS Selector
OS Selector.
, Windows
Windows .
Acronis OS Selector
. , ,
, .
Acronis OS Selector
. ,
, .
,
,
, BOOTWIZ (. Acronis OS Selector
(. 9)).
73
,
.
1. .
2.
.
, .
,
.
8.1.5
,
, Acronis OS
Selector. ,
,
.
Windows ,
. Linux
, (MBR).
1. .
2. , :
, CD (MBR).
3. , (
). Linux ,
Linux ( Windows . Windows
(. 77)). .
,
- .
.
4. MBR- FAT-
, :
. .
,
.
5. .
, Acronis OS Selector.
8.1.6
Acronis OS Selector
Acronis OS Selector,
.
74
Acronis OS Selector
.
,
, ,
.
, .
,
.
.
, Acronis OS Selector
.
Acronis OS Selector .
, ,
, ( ).
.
.
Acronis OS Selector Windows,
.
-> .
,
VGA (640 x
480) SXGA (1280 x 1024).
: (8
, 256 ), (16 , 65 536 ) (24 , 16 777 216 ).
( 60 ).
. ,
, 150 .
, Acronis OS Selector,
:
Acronis OS Selector,
,
, -
Acronis OS Selector
75
.
,
Acronis OS Selector Windows.
Acronis OS Selector
( . .) Acronis OS Selector.
.
, ,
:
( , TrackPoint
), PS/2 USB;
, COM1;
, COM2;
.
8.1.7
Acronis OS Selector
,
. Acronis OS Selector
:
(, Windows 7);
(, Windows Linux).
Acronis OS Selector ,
.
Acronis OS Selector
:
,
. ,
-
.
76
,
Acronis OS Selector. ,
(. (. 70)).
Acronis OS Selector
(MBR), Acronis OS Selector, MBR,
.
, Acronis OS Selector,
, OS Selector Acronis OS Selector.
, Windows 98.
Acronis OS Selector REINSTAL.COM AUTOEXEC.BAT,
MBR Acronis OS Selector.
, Acronis OS Selector .
MBR Windows Millennium Edition,
MS DOS 8.0 ,
AUTOEXEC.BAT.
Windows
Windows : .
Windows 2000/XP NTLDR ( ),
BOOT.INI,
NTDETECT.COM, Windows 7
bootmgr, BCD.
Windows Windows ( WINNT), Program
Files, Documents and settings Users,
,
.
BIOS.
, .
, Acronis Disk
Director (. 20). 1.
, Windows
, ,
: Windows 2000
Professional -> Windows XP -> Windows Vista -> Windows 7.
.
Windows,
.
Acronis OS Selector
Windows.
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
77
Windows
1. Windows.
. .
(. 29). ,
, (. (.
31)).
Acronis Disk Director
(. (. 40)).
,
.
2. (.
(. 40)).
CD/DVD- CD
Acronis OS Selector.
, -> -> .
,
-> ,
, .
3. ,
CD/DVD .
4. .
Windows ,
.
Windows Acronis OS Selector
,
, .
Windows
.
- ,
.
Acronis OS Selector ,
.
Windows ,
Windows, .
1. -> -> ,
.
2.
(.
(. 71)).
3.
BOOTWIZ .
4. , .
5. CD/DVD-
Windows.
78
Windows
Windows .
1. CD/DVD- CD
Acronis OS Selector.
2.
, -> -> .
3. ,
-> ,
.
4. ,
CD/DVD .
5. .
, Windows
,
. .
, .
Windows
Windows (, Windows 7,
).
-, .
.
:
,
(. 73) .
Windows, Program Files, Users Documents and Settings,
, BOOTWIZ.
.
,
.
Windows,
Acronis
OS Selector.
Windows,
Windows.
Windows Windows,
, .
Windows,
.
79
Windows , ,
. Windows
.
,
, .
Windows 2000/XP.
, ,
.
Acronis OS Selector ,
. :
1)
2) , BIOS
Linux Windows
Linux ,
, .
Windows Linux,
Linux.
Windows Linux .
Linux
Linux, Windows, .
, Linux
80
Linux
Linux, .
Linux ,
.
Acronis Disk Director
,
Linux (. (. 29)). ,
, (.
(. 31)).
Linux ,
.
Linux
Linux CD/DVD-
Linux, ,
CD/DVD-.
Linux ,
,
- .
, , MBR-
Acronis OS Selector Acronis OS Selector
Acronis OS Selector (.
77).
Linux Acronis OS Selector
.
81
8.2.1
: , , ,
.
: , .
8.2.2
,
.
Acronis Disk Editor .
,
.
.
( ) (
)
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
( )
F1, F2 F10 , Ctrl+O, Ctrl+F, Alt+P . . ,
Ctrl+F. Alt+P
82
.
. , F2
, F6 , F7
. .
.
.
8.2.3
.
. (. 84).
.
.
,
.
.
, , .
. .
Shift ( Page Up
Page Down), .
. End Shift,
. , Ctrl+A.
,
. .
.
,
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.
.
, .
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.
83
Linux
.
, .
.
1. , , .
2. .
3. , .
. :
, .
Linux
.
1. .
2. .
3. . ,
.
4. (Ctrl+S), .
8.2.4
;
;
FAT16;
FAT32;
FAT32 FS;
NTFS;
FAT.
.
,
, .
, .
84
,
.
8.2.5
.
, () .
.
.
, .
, ,
, , .
F3.
Alt+P.
,
. :
(CYL x HDS + HD) x SPT + SEC 1,
CYL, HD, SEC , , CHS (
); HDS ; SPT .
, ,
( Ctrl+B).
8.2.6
Acronis
Disk Editor.
MBR
MBR.
(MBR)
, BIOS.
MBR- .
MBR- - ,
, .
MBR- , .
,
WinPE, (. 58).
Acronis Disk Editor MBR-
. , .
, MBR- .
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
85
1. MBR
1. Acronis Disk Director , MBR-
, .
2. Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
3. ( 0 0000
). , Shift,
, 445 .
MBR- .
.
( ).
4. .
5. .
6. , .
2. MBR
1. WinPE
.
Acronis
(. 59).
2. Acronis Disk Director.
3. , MBR- ,
.
4. Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
5. ( 0 0000
) .
6. MBR-.
7. . ,
.
8. Ctrl+S, .
9. .
MBR
MBR.
MBR , MBR .
MBR
1. Acronis Disk Director , MBR-
, .
2. Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
3. ( 0 0000
). , Shift,
, 445 .
MBR- .
86
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
.
( ).
.
.
, .
Alt+F4, Acronis Disk Editor.
Acronis Disk Director ,
MBR-, .
Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
( 0 0000
) .
MBR-.
. ,
.
Ctrl+S, .
.
.
, ,
.
.
Windows .
.
.
Acronis Disk Editor
.
1. Acronis Disk Director ,
, .
2. Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
3. ( 0 0000
). Shift+Ctrl+End,
.
4. 0 ().
5. .
!
,
Acronis.
87
Acronis Disk Editor ,
.
, :
,
;
1. , ,
JPEG-, . -
, JPEG- ,
.
JPEG-, ,
Western (Windows).
, JPEG- :
...JFIF....H.H...
:
...OLF...
5.
JPEG-. . ,
, , ,
, JPEG-.
Acronis Disk Director G:,
, .
Acronis Disk Editor F2,
.
Western (Windows).
Ctrl+F. JFIF.
, , .
, JFIF,
.
, .
88
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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( Page Up Page Down),
, OLF.
.
. ,
C:\image_1.jpeg.
, .
.
, . ,
, 5.
JPEG-, 49.
89
G
GPT-
, (. 99) GPT.
GPT- 64- ,
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.
. MBR- (. 90).
M
MBR-
(. 99) MBR ( ).
MBR- 32- ,
Windows XP Professional.
, .
, Windows,
(. 98).
, Linux,
, -, GRUB.
(. 97) ( ) (. 98) (
).
.
.
, Windows,
.
(. 100),
.
.
90
(. 90).
(. 97) (. 96).
. (. 98).
. (. 91).
, C, Windows
.
, , . ,
, , .
.
, .
.
,
.
.
(. 102),
.
, (Logical Disk Manager, LDM),
Windows, Windows 2000.
LDM ,
.
91
(. 99)
(MBR) GPT.
, LDM
, .
MBR- 1 . GPT- Windows
LDM,
Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR).
1
MBR
MBR
LDM
GPT
Microsoft
Reserved
Partition (MSR)
1
GPT
LDM
LDM
1
MBR- ( 1) GPT- ( 2).
.
:
Disk Management ( ) (Windows
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb457110.aspx
XP
Professional
Resource
Kit)
816307 Best practices for using dynamic disks on Windows Server 2003-based computers
(
Windows Server 2003) http://support.microsoft.com/kb/816307
.
, , Windows 98,
.
. ,
:
, ;
;
, .
. (. 100).
, , .
: .
92
,
(Logical Disk Manager, LDM)
.
, ,
.
LDM
,
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\dmio\Boot Info\Primary Disk
Group\Name.
.
, .
, ,
.
, .
(. 91)
, .
,
. ( ),
.
.
:
222189 Description of Disk Groups in Windows Disk Management
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/222189/EN-US/
, (. 93).
, .
. (. 95).
,
,
.
/
.
().
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
93
.
,
.
, , -
, .
, Windows,
.
: - DVD-, - USB ,
BIOS .
Acronis Disk Director Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)
Acronis WinPE.
,
PXE- Acronis .
.
.
(. 98) (. 92) (. 100),
.
0xAA55.
, , Windows.
Windows,
(. 98).
Windows, , ,
, .
,
.
. (. 98).
, (. 95).
94
.
,
.
(. 98)
.
, (. 101).
.
, .
, .
(. 98)
(. 94).
RAID-1.
.
(. 99) (MBR GPT)
( ).
, , .
,
.
.
4 .
.
,
,
, .
.
( , )
.
(. 97), (. 101).
Copyright Acronis, Inc., 2000-2010
95
(. 101)
, . :
\Windows\System32\Vmm32.vxd.
Windows ,
System32 Windows, Vmm32.vxd
System32.
. (. 96).
, MBR- (. 90) (.
97).
,
.
, .
.
,
.
, (. 100)
.
(. 101) . ,
NTFS 32 .
, FAT16 FAT32,
, (:) ().
(. 92).
96
: (. 93),
.
, ,
.
(. 98) .
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