Perl Perl 24 Hours

SAMS
24
Clinton
Pierce
SAMS
T e a c h
Y o u r s e l f
in 24 Hours
SAMS Macmillan
on,t,
?'?%?
2lSt.,Indianapolis,
Computer
201
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103rd
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SAMS
""
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2001
32.973.26-018.275
19
681.3.07
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: info@williamspublishing.com, http://w\vw.\vi 11 iamspublishing.com
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Perl 24 . : . . : . . . : "", 2001. 384 .: . . . .

ISBN 5-8459-0097-2 (.)
Perl. ,
- . /
, . Perl CGl-.
.
32.973.26-018.2 75
.

, , , Sams
Publishing.
Authorized translation from the English language edition published by Sams Publishing Copyright 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without
permission from the Publisher.
Russian language edition published by Williams Publishing House according to the Agreement with R&I
Enterprises International, Copyright 2000
ISBN 5-8459-0097-2 (.)

ISBN 0-672-31773-7 (.)
"", 2001
Sams Publishing, 1999
17
I. PERL
19
1 - . Perl
2- . Perl:
3- .
4- . :
5- .
6- .
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II. PERL
9- .
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16- . Perl
III. CGI- PERL

17- . CGI
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19- .
20- . HTML- CGI-
21- . cookie
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23- . Push- Web-
24- . Web-
. Perl

20
33
48
65
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110
124
139
140
154
172
187
200
216
230
249
263
264
278
291
302
318
332
345
357
372
379
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17
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:
21
21
23
23
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
29
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
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39
40
41
41
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43
43
44
46
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47
47
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48
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Perl

49
51
53
54
56
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57
57
58
58
59
60
60
61
62
63
63
63
64
64
4- . :
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
73
74
76
77
80
80
80
80
81
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82
82
84
85
86
86
89
90
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7- .

: Perl
91
9!
92
93
93
94
94
94
94
95
96
97
97
97
98
98
99
101
102
102
103
104
104
105
106
106
107
107
108
108
108
109
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111
112
113
114
114
115
115
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117
118
118
121
121
122
122
123
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124
125
126
127
128
130
131
133
133
134
135
136
136
137
137
138
138
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139
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index

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U N I X

:
140
rindex
140
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142
143
143
144
146
149
151
151
151
152
152
153
153
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156
158
160
160
161
162
163
163
164
165
168
169
169
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170
170
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171
172
173
174
175
176
177
179
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184
184
185
185
186
186
12- . Perl
187
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187
188
189
190
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193
194
194
195
197
198
198
199
199
199
13- .

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205
207
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214
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215
215
215
215
14- .

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DBM

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UNIX Windows NT

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16- . Perl
216
217
218
219
220
220
222
223
224
224
225
227
227
228
228
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229
230
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232
232
233
236
238
239
239
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249
250
252
252
252
254
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255
255
256
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258
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265
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266
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268
269
270
271
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278
280
281
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283
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284
285
286
286
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19- .
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:
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299
300
300
300
301
301
302
302
304
304
307
307
308
309
311
313
314
316
316
316
316
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319
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364
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370
370
370
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23
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24
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Perl Macintosh
Perl Macintosh (MacPerl) Web-
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PERL(l)
User Contributed Perl Documentation
PERL(l)
NAME
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
perl [
[
{
[
[
-sTuU ]
[ -hv ] [ -V[:configvarl ]
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-Idir ] [ -m[-]module ] [ -M[-]'module...' ]
-P ]
[ -S ]
[ -x[dir] )
1- . Perl
25
[ -i[extension] ]
[ -e 'command' ] [ ] [ programfile ] [ argument ] . . .
For ease of access, the Perl manual has been s p l i t up into
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, , : perlfunc ( Perl), perlop ( Perl) perlfaq (
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Operators and precedence
Regular expressions
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Predefined uarlobles
Rd anted Topics
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General Questions Rbout Perl

Obtaining and Learning about Perl
Programming Tools
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Files and Formats
Regexps
General Perl Language Issues
System Interaction
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MacPerl Homepage
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28
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# , 1000.
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I. Perl
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44
I. Perl
7: print " ? ( 7% .07) ";

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14:
15:f
16:$interest/=12;
17:
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19:
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50
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58
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74
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6:
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12:Sblankword=(0) x scalar(ehangman);
13:OUTER:
14: while ($wrong<hangman) {
15:
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16:
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17:
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18:
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19:
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20:
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21:
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4- . :
77
22:
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23:
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24:
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25:
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26:
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27:
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28:
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29:
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30:
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31:
$guesses[$tguesses]=$guess;
32:
$right=0;
33:
for ($i=0; $i<81etters; $i++) {
34:
if ($letters[$ij eq $guess) {
35:.
$blankword[$i]=$guess;
36:
$right=l;
37:
}
38:
}
39:
$wrong++ unless($right);
40:
if (join(", Gblankword) eq Schoice) {
41:
print " 1\";
42:
exit;
43:,
}
44: }
45: print "$hangman\n , $choice.\n";
^ .
1. (
) -w.
!
3. Swords .
4-5. . ^guesses
. $wrong
.
7. @words $choice. rand{)
, Swords .
Swords Swords, 4. rand 0 4,
.
.
8. .
10. ,
dletters.
11. ,
^hangman. $hangman[0]' , $hangman[l] ..
78
I. Perl
12. Gblankword . Gblankword {0}

scalar(Ghangman), Ghangman.
. 35 .
1314. . OUTER," .
,
.
1521. foreach Gblankword,
, .
2325. $wrong . , $wrong hangman.
2627. . chomp .
28-30. , .
, 13. .
.
31. Gguesses.
3238. . ^letters,
, . , (iblankwords.
Sblankwords , . $right
1, .
39. $wrong .
4043. blankwords , . ,
.
45. , . .
4.2. Hangman
:
4- . :
79
0 :
-
0 :
-
0 :
0 :

, , split join,
foreach. ,
.
Perl. .
. Perl , ,
. Perl
. - .

?
. ,
, 7- .
?
?
, ?
: . . 7- .

1. $ $.
) $=$;
) ($,$)=($,$);
) $=$; $=$; $=$;
80
I. Perl
2. $
$a=scalar(array); ?
) ?;
) ;
) .
1. ). , $ . ) , .
) .
2. ).
.
$#. scalar
,
. flarray.
Hangman , .
4- . :
81
5-

.
, , .
!
Perl . Perl ,
, , , .
, Perl, .
Perl -. -. , .
.
"" .

Perl . Perl.
. , (
/ ), , .
STDIN.

( STDIN).
82
I. Perl
, Perl.
2- , " Perl: ". , ($, @ - ). ,
Perl, foreach, else, if ..
, . . .
: perlfunc, open.
, ,
. , , open:
open {_6, )
open , .
, , ,
, :/windows/system/, open
. open
(), undef (), :
if (open{HYFILE, "mydatafile")) {
t
} else {
print " mydatafileUn";
exit 1;
}
open , MYFILE if.

, else, .
Perl " "
die. die :
Died at ^ line xxx
Perl, xxx ,
die. die open
:
open(MYTEXT, "novel.txt") || die;
, . open , ,
(| | ) . ,
( die). open .
or.
5- .
83
.
. , ,
, , ( ). , . . close:
close(HYTEXT);
, open
, , .
, , novel.txt.
Perl ,
. , .
, .
, .
:
open(MYFILE, "DISK5:[USER.PIERCE.NOVEL]") || die;
open(MYFILE, "Drive:folder:") II die;
open(MYFILE, "/usr/pierce/novel") || die;
I VMS
f Macintosh
f UNIX.
Windows MS-DOS , \Windows\users\pierse\novel.txt. , , ,

, .
:
open (MYFILE, "\Windows\users\pierse\novel.txt ") || die; t !

, \
, ,
Perl. :
open (MYFILE, "\\Windows\\users\\pierse\\novel.txt ") j| die;
i ,
, (/)
Windows MS-DOS ( Windows MS-DOS ):
open (MYFILE, "/Windows/users/pierse/novel.txt ") || die;
(/home/foo UNIX c:/windows/win.ini

Windows), (,,/junkfile UNIX . ./bobdir/bobsfile.txt
Windows). open Windows , UNC (Universal Naming Convention).
UNC :
\_\ _
84
I. Pert
Perl , UNC ,
, ,
, :
open (REMOTE, "//fileserver/common/foofile") || die;
Macintosh , , , . 5.1.
5.1. MacPerl
Macintosh
System:Utils:config
, Utils, config
MyStuff:friends
MyStuf f , friends
ShoppingList
, , ShoppingList

. : " !" "
- ".
; , . . .
.
. (Frederic P. Brooks) The Mythical Man-Month {Addison Wesley, 1975, . 14) : " . , () , , , ... , , ".

( , ..)
, .
. , , .
, ,
.
. "" , .
, , , ,
. , , , .
, , ,
.
5- .
85
,
die Perl
. ,
die :
Died at _ l i n e xxx
die ,
.
, at _ line xxx, :
die " ";
# " at line xxx'
die " \"; t " "
Perl $!,
, (, - ). $! . $!
, :
open(HYFILE, "myfile") || die " myfile: $!\n";
- ,
myfile: a file or directory in the path does not exist.
, . ,
, .
.
$!
. (, -)
. $!
.

. warn,
die, , :
if {! open{MYFILE( "output")) {
warn " output: $1";
} else {
: f ...

Perl , . , ( ) . , :
open(MYFILE, "myfile") || die " myfile: $1";
$line=<KYFILE>;
I
86
I. Perl
.
, undef.
, . UNIX
(ASCII- 10), DOS Windows
(ASCII-: 13 10).
Perl,
.
12- , " .

( , MYFILE ):
while (defined($a=<MYFILE>)) {
print $a;
}
while.
while , Perl
$_ ,
:
while(<MYFILE>) {
print $_;
}
while $_ .
while ,
.
, , , . ,
chomp, .
. , :
open(MYFILE, "novel.txt")
contents=<MYFILE>;
close(MYFILE);
|| die " $ ! " ;
MYFILE
novel.txt {(contents. novel.txt
^contents: $contents [ 0 ]. $contents[l] ..
( ) .
, . , , . 5.1 .
5- .
87
5.1.
2:
3: open(MYFILE, "testfile") j| die " testfile: $1";
4: estuff=<MYFILE>;
5: close{MYFILE);
6: f .
7: foreach{reverse(stuff)) {
8:
print scalar(reverse($_));
9=
testfile :
,
.
5.1 :

,
.
I. (
) -w.
!
3. testfile,
MYFILE. ,
die, .
4. testfile Sstuff.
5. testfile ,
MYFILE.
7. (Jstuff
.., foreach.
$_, foreach.
8. ( $_), . scalar
, print , reverse . $_
. scalar
reverse, $_.
.
, , Perl .
I. Perl
Perl ,
Out of memory! . , .

. , :
open{,
(,
"> )
' )
, > .
Perl, , , . .
Perl, , ,
. :
,
open(NEWH, ">output.txt") || die " output.txt: $!";
t .
open(APPFH, " l o g f i l e . t x t " ) || die " logfile.txt: $!";
Perl - . , , ,
, .
(Windows 9x )
, .
, . , >, . , , , .
, , .
,
, , . close ,
, :
close(NEHFH);
close(APPFH);
, .
print. print
.
. print, , :
p r i n t
5- .
89
, ,
, .
, print . ,' . Perl,' , print,
, . ,
Peri : No comma allowed after filehandle (
).
:
open (LOGF, "logfile") || die $!";
if (! Print LOGF " ", scalar(localtime), "\n") {

warn " logfile: $!";
}
close(LOGF);
logfile .
print LOGF. , print,
, , , .
.
,
:
open(SOORCE, "soursefile")
open(DEST, ">destination")
contents=<SODRCE>;
print DEST $contents;
close(DEST);
close(SOURCE);
die $!";
die "$!";
# ""
I
. , , :
print DEST <SOURCE>;
print ,
<SOURCE> . , print DEST.
,

,
, .
, ,
. , , . Perl ,
, , .
, .
90
I. Perl

Perl UNIX. , UNIX, .
Perl : STDOUT
( ), STDIN ( )
STDERR
( ). .
Perl STDIN:
Sguess=<STDIN>;
print,
STDOUT, :
print " !\";
print STDOUT " !\";
# , . . .
12- , " Perl", ,

, print.
STDERR . . UNIX *
. ,
STDERR. , die warn STDERR. , , ,
DOS Windows, STDERR STDOUT.
UNIX
. -.
- UNIX.

, VMS, Atari ST Windows DOS, () . , Perl . , , . ,
, , .
, Perl \
, . UNIX \n ASCII- 10 ( LF), Macintosh Windows ASCII- 13 10
(CRLF). .
, GIF, EXE, MS Word
.., . , Perl,
,
binmode. . binmode , , . :
open(FH, "camel.gif") j | die " $ ! " ;
binmode(FB);
t .
5- .
91
t GIF-...
print FH "GIF87a\056\001\045\015\000";
close(FH);
binmode
. binmode. biimode ,
(, UNIX), .

, , ,
, , permission denied. Perl . :
-X _
-X
X , _
. . . 5.2
.
5.2.
- ''
,
''
-w
-w $a
,
, $
-e ''
, ''
-z
-z ''
, '' ,

-s
-s ''
'' ,
-f
-i ''
, '' ( )
-d
-d ''
-T
-T ''
!, ''
, ''
-B
- ''
, ''
-H
- '1
''
.
perldoc perlfunc Alphabetical List of
Perl Functions.
92
I. Perl

. , .
.
:
print " ?";
$filename=<STDIN>;
chomp $filename;
if (-s $filename ) {
warn " $file !\";
warn " ",
- $filename, " .\"

open close. <>
read, print. ,
binmode.
, , .

open . ?
-, open. , . ,
open. ,
> , . ,
open() j| die "$!";?.
die .
, . ?
, ?
, , .
, :
open(FB, ">c:\temp\notes.txt") || die " $ ! " ; # !
: ()( CTpoKa)otes.txt.
, . open. Perl "" , , .
open, permission
denied. ?
Perl , . ,
, Perl .
5- .
93
getc.
,
. Perl 15- , " Perl" FAQ, 16- ,
" Perl", FAQ.

. .

?
. 15- , " Perl". ,

!

1. data , :
) open(FH, "data", write);
) open(FH, "data"); FH
) openfFH, ">data") 11 die " data: $!";
2. (- $file > I and -s $) , :
) $ , ,
;
) ;
) $ , .
1. ). ) ,
) . ) , , .
2. ). - ,
( >1 , ), -s , .
Hangman, ,
, .
94
I. Perl
6-

. ,
. , ,
-, split, ,
, .
, , , , . Perl, . ,
.
. .
.
( .
) Perl {
perlre). , .
Perl
(Jeffrey E. F. FreidI) Mastering Regular Expressions
(Sebastopol: O'Reilly, 1997).
Perl, Perl .
, TCL, JavaScript, Python ,
UNIX. Perl ,
.
.
- .
95

Perl , / :
/ Simon/
S-i-m-o-n.
? , Perl $_. , $_, ( ). , S-i-m-o-n $_.
$_ , , //
. , :
if (m/Piglet/) {
I "Piglet" $_
}
,
. ( )
. , . :
$ ( ) \ | 0 [ { ? . + *
. , ,
:
m/ \$10/; I $ "$" ,
.
//. , :
if {m,Waldo,) { print " Waldo.\n"j}
, ,
. , :
if (m/\/usr\/local\/bin\/hangman/) {print " hangman!';}
:
if (m:/usr/local/bin/hangman:) {print " hangman!";}
,
. , m/Cheetos/
/Cheetos/. , -,
.
. , Perl ,
.
. , if, :
96
I. Perl
$pat=<STDIN>; chomp $pat;

$_=", ";
if (/$pat/){ f ,
print " \"$_\" $pat\n";
RE . - .

Perl, ,
. . ,
. .
.
, , ( ) , ,
.
.
, , . ,
. ...
, . , Perl
,
.
" " .
, , . , ,
. ,
.
,
, . .

(.) , . ,
/p.t/ . pot,
pat, pit, carpet, python pup_tent. .
apt expect , t
, .
6' .
97

,
:
/\\$/; *
, . 2- , " Perl:
", , .
, . 6.1.
6.1.
\t
\f
,
. , /Simon/ S S, i /, m .. ,

.
( ).
+. ,

. (
), . , /do+g/ :
Hounddog
hotdog
doogie howser
doooooooooooogdoog
we
badge ( )
doof us ( g)
Doogie (D d)
pagoda ( d, on g )
* +. * ,
. , /t*/ , ,
, .. /car*t/ :
98
I. Perl
carted
carrot ( )
cat
carl ( t )
carrrt
caart ( )
?.
( ). ,
/c?ola/ , .
, ola, cola.
? * , , ,
/c?ola/ ola, cola, ccola.
. /c*ola/ cola, ola, ccola,
, ,
.
+, *, ? , {} :
pat{n,m}
, , a pat ,
. ,
! :
/{5,10}/
/{9, }/
/{0, 4}/
/{8}/
* 5 , 10
i 9
4 ,

# 8
.*. ,
, /first. *last/ ,
. , Perl first,
last. :
then last
The good players get picked f i r s t , the bad l a s t .
The f i r s t shall be l a s t , and the l a s t shall be f i r s t .
. ,
, first last
last. * ,
" ": ,
. , , Perl.
perlre.

, .
, , Von
Beethoven von Beethoven " v, V".
- .
99
Perl .
. [ ].
.
( ), . . 6.2 .
6.2.

[abcde]
, , , d
[ - 1
, , , , d
[Gg]
[0-9]
[0-9]+
[A-Za-z]{5}
[*$()]
. ,
. * .
,
. , , , :
/[ A A-Z]/;
f ,
f
], * - , . "
. ] ,
/[\]]/. (-)
, .
Perl .
, . 6.3.
6.3.
, ( ), ,
[a-zA-Z0-9_]
\W
, , \w
\d
, , [0-9]
\D
\s
, , [ \ t \ f \r\n]
\S
100
I. Perl
:
/\d{5}/;
i
/\s\v+W; \ ,
t
! , , , .
, , ,
. don't -
. .

, . , , ,
dogs cats. ,
|, :
if(/dogs|cats/) {
print " \$_ \";
}
, ,
. frog, bog, log, flog
clog, /frog|bog|log|flog|clog/ .
. :
/f||1|f1|clog/;
* !
,
Perl , .
Perl
{).
/(fr|b|l|fl|cl)og/;
, , .
: / ( f r | b | l | ( f jc)l)og/.
, .
,
1. :
$_="apple is red";
($fruit, $color)=/(.*)\sis\s(.*)/j

( ), , is,
, (
). , , $fruit $color,
.
6- .
101

( , : " ?!") . ,
( ) .
' ( ). ^
, , . , /"video/ video,
.
($). , , ,
. , /earth$/ earth, . (. 6.4).
6.4.
/"Help/
, Help
/"Frankly. *darn$/ , Frankly darn. ,

/*hysteria$/
/" $ /
1
, hysteria

. /$/
.
. sill, .
:
&I 6_! _1;
,
$_, _. 0, .
:
$_="Our house is in the middle of our street";
s/middle/end/;
$ : Our house is in the end of our street
s/in/at/;
t : Our house is at the end of our street
if (s/apartment/condo/) {
t , . .
}
, . middle
end, a in at. if , $_ apartment, .
102
I. Perl

-. s, :
ststreetiavenuel;
:
,
( ), . . 6.1
, .
6.1
Moon. , 1- , " Perl".
6.2.
6.1.
1: JM/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: print " :";
4: $_=<STDIN>;
;
5: s/A\s+//; *
6:
7: if (/(18?|?|?|?}/1) {
8:
if (/\8*(1?|?).*//1) {
9:
$_*=0.4536;
10:
} else~{
11:
/\8*{?1(?).*//;
12:
}
13:}
14:print " : ", $ *.16667, " \";
6.2. Moon
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
$ perl Moon

$ perl Moon

:4
: 0.66668
:6
: 0.453609072
| .
1. (
) -w.
!
6- .
103
34. , chomp
$_. ,
, chomp $_.
5. /*\s+/ .
, .
7.
.
89. s/\s*(lbs? |?) .*//i lbs

(
). , ( , ) lbs . $_ 0.4536 .
. $_
, .
14. , $_, 1/6 .

, $_, . . $_,
, , Perl, .

$_, .
$ . -,
, - $_
.
$_ , Perl . Perl $_ - , , . 8- , "", .
, 6.1, $weight.
"" . =":
$veight="185 lbs";
$weight=~/ lbs//; f $weight

104
I. Perl
=" , ,
. ,
$_, :
$poem="One fish, two fish, red fish";
$n=$poem="m/fish/; $ $n ,
$ fish

. , .
, :
/[Mm][Aa][Cc]tBbJ[Ee]tTt][Hh}/;
, , -
. .
(s///) (//) ,
. i, :
/macbeth/i;
Macbeth , -
(MaCbEtti).
i, , . ( )
:
, .
g , , :
$_="One fish, two frog, red fred, blue foul";
F=m/\H{f\w\w\w)/g;
- ( ), f
. f . F
: fish, frog, fred foul.

.
, . :
$letters=0;
$phrase="Hhat's my line?";
vhile{$phrase=~/\w/g> {
$letters++;
}
(//) g ,
while.
. while ( $letter ) , .
$letters 11.
- .
105

9- , " ".

Perl , ,
, $1
( ), 2 (), $3, $4 .. :
/(\d<3>H\d{3>H\d<4))/
, , 800-555-1212.
$1, $2 $3.
, :
if (/(\d{3>)-(\d{3>)-(\d{4>)/)
{
print * $1";
}
, $1, $2 ..
, :
s/(\d{3})-(\d{3})-(\d{4})/Kofl $1, $2-$3/;

,
, . ,
, . , :
m/(\d{3})-(\d{3})-(\d{4})/;
print " $1";

t ,
$
$1
. .
:

Perl. , ,
. Perl
. :
,

.
$_. ,
. :
8dogs=qw(greyhound bloodhound terrier mutt chihuahua);
t!hounds=grep /hound/, dogs;
106
I. Perl
?dogs $_, /hound/. , , grep

dhounds.
. , $
$_
, :
Ghounds=grep s/hound/hounds/, Gdogs;
^hounds greyhounds
bloodhounds ( s ). Gdogs
- $_. greyhounds, bloodhounds, terrier, mutt chihuahua.
, , ,
grep . . , :
eiongdogs^grep length{$_)>8, Gdogs;
grep UNIX,
. , UNIX.
"grep- " .
grep . , ,
$_.
, :
f!words=map {split ' ', $_} Ginput;
ginput, $_, split. -
. , dinput
, Swords.
, ,
Perl. . , , , ( ). .

/\W(\w)+\W/ ,
, ?
, -. , , -.
6- .
107
// //? .
, . m
- , /, , ,
!
, , /\d*/ .
!
* , , 2 , 100, 1000 .
, /\d+/.
- , .

1. =,
?
a) s/{.+)=(.+)/$2=$l/;
)/(*)-(*)/$2-$1/;
) s / ( . * ) = ( * ) / $ 2 $ 1 / ;
2. $2 ?
$foo="Star Wars: The Phantom ";
$foo="7star\s((Wars): The Phantom Menace)/;
) $2 , ;
) Wars;
) Wars: The Phantom Menace.
3. / [-+]?[0-9] + (\.[0-9]*)?$/? "
) , --;
) , 45, 15.3 -0.61;
) : 4+12 89+2.
1. ). )
. ) *
- . ) .
2. ). , star , L , ,
$1, $2 , .
108
I. Perl
i star
, ).
3. ). + - ,
, . .
,
. , , :
12:00am, 5! 00pm, 8:30. 3:00, 2:60am, 99:00am, 3:0pm.
, .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
, thoughts yardstick.
6- .
109
7-
Peri. , , .
, .
,
.
. ,
. , , , . . , , . -.
.
,
,
. :
, , ..
,
-. - : , , , , -, ,
.
Perl , , . , .
. , Perl
10, 100 000 . , ..
. .
Perl . , .
Perl ,
.
110
!. Perl
- Perl (%). . , %,
8 $. .
.
. .

,
. :
SAuthors{'Dune'}='Frank Herbert';
Uuthors. Dune, Frank Herbert.
Dune Frank Herbert. $Authors{'Dune'} , : , , . ,
, .
$Authors{}, %Authors{}?
, , , , . ($),
, ,
. Perl $Authors{'Dune'} , Frank Herbert.
, , .

, :
$food{'apple'}='fruit';
$food{'pear'}='fruit';
$food{'carrot'}='vegetable';
, . , :
%food=('apple',
' f r u i t ' , 'pear',
'fruit',
'carrot',
'vegetable');
, 4- , " : ". ,
.
, ,
. Perl - =>.
, Perl,
:
%food=( 'apple' => ' f r u i t ' ,
'pear' => ' f r u i t ' ,
' c a r r o t ' => 'vegetable'.
7- .
111
Perl, , . , => , . , ,
. :
$Books{Dune}='Frank Herbert';
%food=( apple => ' f r u i t ' , pear => ' f r u i t ' , carrot => 'vegetable' );
- ,
( ) .

$,
, :
%Hovies= ( 'The Shining' => 'Kubrick',
'Ten Commandments' -> 'DeMille',
Goonies => 'Spielberg');
print $Hovies{'The Shining'};
The Shining IMovies.
Kubrick.
.
, . , ,
.
keys.
, keys . ' :
foreach $film (keys IHovies) {
print "$film\n";
}
$film , keys %Movies. , :
foreach $film (keys IMovies) {
print " $film $Movies{$film}.\n";
}
:
Ten Commandments DeMille.
The Shining Kubrick.
Goonies Spielberg.
$film , $Hovies{$film}
.
. ,
112
I. Perl
, keys .
keys, Perl values, .
, . values , keys . :
0Directors=values %Hovies;
GFilms=keys %Movies;
^Directors GFilrns fcMovies. $Directors[0] $Films[0] ..
, . , .
, , .. , :
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( 'The Shining', 'Kubrick',
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' S . Bono', 'C. Eastwood', 'M. T h a t c h e r ' ) ;
7.2.
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1: lseen=();
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Stewart,Pat (405}-555-8710 patsistarfleet.co.uk
Ching,Iris (305)-555-0919 iching8zen.org
Doe,John
(212)-555-0912 jdoeimorgue.com
Jones,Tom
(312)-555-3321 tj2342iaol.com
Smith,John
(607)-555-0023 smithipocahontas.cojn
Crosby,Dave (405)-555-1516 croscsny.org
Johns,Pan
(313J-555-6790 pjisleepy.com
Jeter,Linda (810)-555-8761 netlessiearthlink.net
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, 7.4,
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1: j!/usr/bin/perl -w
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3: open(PH, "customers.txt") or die " customers.txt: $I\n";

4: while(<PH>) {
5:
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6:
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7:
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8:
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9: }
10:close(PH);
11:
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13:while (1) {
14:
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15:
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16:
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17:
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18:
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19:
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20:
>
21:
22:
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23:
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7-.
119
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35:
36:}
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print ": $Phone{$number}\n";
next;
}
if ($address and exists $Email{$address} } {
print ": $Email{$address}\n"
next;
}
print " .\";
next;
37:print " .\n";
7.5. Customer
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4:
5:
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? <Enter>
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: Crosby, Dave
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crosdcsny.org
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print " $at_bats $hits .";

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}
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8- .
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128
I. Perl
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while if :
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t $element fpreach()
130
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1: jM/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use strict;
4: sub mean {
5:
ny{Gdata>=_;
6:
my $sum;
7:
foreach(edata) {
8:
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9:
)
10:
return{$sum/f!data);
11: }
12: sub median {
13:
my(?data)=sort { $a <=> $b} (
!
_
;
14:
if (scalar{edata)%2) {
15:
return($data[gdata/2]);
16:
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17:
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18:
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19:
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20:
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8-.
131
21:
22: }
23: sub std_dev {
24:
my{Hata)=e_; .
25:
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26:
27:
$avg=Etean(edata);
28:
foreach my $elem (ddata) {
29:
$sq_dev_sum+=($avg-$elem)**2;
30:
}
31:
return{sqrt($sq_dev_sum/(fidata-l)));
32: }
33: my($data, ddataset);
34: print " , : ";
35: $data=<STDIN>; chomp $data;
36: edataset=split(/[\s,]+/, $data);
37:
38: print ": ", median(Sdataset}, "\n";
39: print ": ", mean(idataset), "\n";
40: print ". .: ", std_dev{f!dataset), "\n";
8.2. Stats
, : 14.5,6,8,9,10,34
: 9.5
: 13.5833333333333
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$foo=0;
$foo=0;
}
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print $foo;
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1: sub factorial {
2:
my ($num)=g_;
3:
return(l) if {$num <= 1);
4:
return($num*factorial($num-l));
5: }
6: print factorial(6);
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4
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<$, $)=_;
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}
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142
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substr , , . :
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# $
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10
20
30
40
50
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t 2-
$moonweight=sprintf("4.2f, $weight*.17);
print " $moonveight .";
, printf sprintf,
%f,
, .
:
, , . ,
. .
146
II. Perl
, ,
. . , , , .
, : ,
, .
.
,
. ,
. ,
, .
.
, , ,
9.1, Employee. . , 1- , " Perl".
,
perl Employee
9.2.
9.1. Employee
1: #l/usr/bin/perl
2:
3: use strict;
4:
5: my employees=(
6:
',,123101,9.35,40',
7:
',,132912,10.15,35',
8:
',,198131,6.50,39',
9:
'Her,;141512,9.50,40',
10:
',,131211,11.25,40',
11: );
12:
13: sub print_emp {
14:
my {$last,$first,$erap,$hourly,$time)=
15:
split(',',SjOJ);
16:
my $fullname;
17:
$fullname=sprintf("%s %s", $first, $last);
18:
printf(-%6d %-20s %6.2f 13d %7.2f\n",
19:
$emp, $fullname, $hourly, $time,
20:
{Shourly * $time>+.005);
21: }
22:
23: gemployees=sort {
24:
my ($L1, $Fl)=split(\', $a);
25:
my ($L2, $F2)=split(',', $b);
26:
return ( $Ll cmp $L2 \
27:
||
$ ...
9- .
147
$F1 $F2 I
28:
29:
} êmployees;
30:
31:
32: foreach(0employees)
33:
print emp($ );
34: >
9.2. Employee
1: 198131
2: 131211
3: 141512 Her
4: 123101
5: 132912
6.50
11.25
9.50
9.35
10.15
39
40
40
40
35
253.50
450.00
380.00
374.00
355.25
; .
7. (
) -w.
!
3. use strict ,

.
5-11. êmployees. :
, ,
.
2330. êmployees , .
24. ($) . $, $F1.
.
25. ($). $L2, $F2.
26~29. . sort 4- , " :
".
3234.
êmployees. print_emp().
1321. print_emp()
.
148
II. Perl
1415. print_emp() $_[0]. ,

$last, $first .., printemp ().
17. sprintf. .
18-20. . (
$tiroe) (
$hourly).
.005.

,
(. 9.3).
0
. 9.3.

(. 9.4).
.
,
. .
. . (.. ). ,
.
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push,
pop. ,
. shift
unshift . . 9.5.
:
pop
shift
unshift , _
push , _
pop shift .
, 0_, GARGV. pop
shift ,
, undef.
.
9- .
149
Pop
Push
. 9.4.
Unshift
Shift
. 9.5.
pop, shift, unshift push @_, .

IARGV, .
push unshift _ . . _
, ,
.
band=qw(TpoK6oH);
push 8band, qw( );
gband :
# "", "", ""
$brass=shift 8band; I $brass ""
$wind=pop gband;
$wind "" \ 'gband - ''
unshift ?band, "";
\ ?band :
t "" ""
push,
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.
,
push @list,8newitems
,
eiist=(81ist,8newitems). Perl .
150
II. Perl
, , . ( ) 0, .

,
, , . splice,
, . :
splice ,
splice , ,
splice , , ,
splice , .
.
, ,
. ,
. , .
. :
veg=qw(MopKOBb );
splice (veg, 0, 1);
0veg
: ""
splice {8veg, 0, 0, qw(ropox));
veg
: "", ""
splice (veg, -I, 1, *(, )); # Bveg
: "", "", ""
l!veg
splice (t!veg, 1, 1);
: "", ""
, ;
index rindex. ,
tr///. , substr. ,
printf sprintf.
() .

substr, index rindex? , ?
-,
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9 .
151
. -, ;
substr. , ,
-, Perl ,
. ,
.
, substr ( index,
rindex) , ?
,
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...?", , .
, , use of undefined
value ( ,
!). . ,
$a="Foo"; substr($a,5); substr undef.

1. @
?
=<( );
s h i f t ;
push , "";
Pop
) ;
) ;
) .
2. printf("%18.3f",$a)?
) , 18 (15 3 );
) , 18 3 ;
) , 18 (14 3 ).
3. , tr/a-z/A-Z/.
tr/A-Z/a-z/?
) ;
) , .
152
II. Perl

1. ). shift
"", push "". pop . ,
_, @.
2. ). ),
,
18 (18=14+1+3).
3. ). , "Rosebud" tr/a-z/A-Z/ "ROSEBUD".
tr/A-Z/a-z/ "rosebud",
, .
Hangman, 4- ,
" : ", ,
.
substr.
, 9.1, ,
.
, ,
. .
.
9- .
153
10-

. , , .
, , . () .
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( , ),
.
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.
.
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154
II. Perl

, .
,
, . opendir:
opendir _, ^;
_ ,
, _ ,
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,
( 2- , "
Perl: "). , Perl,
. opendir:
opendir(TEMPDIR, '/tmp') {{ die " /tmp: $!";

(/), UNIX. ,
( Perl \) Windows.

readdir:
:
readdir ;
,'"'.,.
readdir undef, .
readdir . ,
, , ,
UNIX . . , . , readdir
: . . . , . .

closedir:
closedir ',
:
opendir(TEMPDIR, '/tmp'} ||
die " /tmp: $!";

FILES=readdir TEMPDIR;
closedir(TEMPDIR);
10- .
155
FILES. , ,
, . . . . ,
. :
eFILES=grep(!/ A \.\.?$/, readdir TEHPDIR);
/ \.\.?$/ , . grep , .
, , :
FILES=grep(/\.txt$/i, readdir TEMPDIR);
, readdir, ,
opendir . ,
, :
opendir(TEMPDIR, '/tmp') ||
die " /tmp: $1";

while($file=readdir TEMPDIR) {
# !I!
open{FILEH, $file) ||
die " $file: $!\";
}
closedir{TEHPDIR);
, /tmp, open(FILEH, $file) .
, /tmp, open . ,
/tmp /tmp , open
. open
. :
opendir(TEMPDIR, '/tmp') ||
die " /tmp: $1";
while($file=readdir TEMPDIR) {
!
open(FILEH, "/tmp/Sfile") j|
die " $file: $!\n";
}
closedir(TEMPDIR);

,
(globbing). DOS,
dir *.txt. dir ,
156
II. Perl
*.txt. UNIX ,
. ,
dir UNIX : Is *.txt. , .txt.
Perl glob,
. :
glob
, . , . ,
, . 10.1. glob , .
, .
glob . ,
.
10.1. glob
...
f?d fud,
fid, fdd ..
f*d fd,
fdd, food, filled ..
[]
, f [ou]d fod
. fud, fad
MacPerl
{}
, - f*.{txt,doc} . , f MacPerl
. t x t .doc
UNIX. Perl glob , .
, Bourne ( ).
UNIX, Perl,
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* ?. .
.
# .h /usr/include
my f!hfiles=glob{'/usr/include/*.h'};
\ ,
# 1999
my Scurfiles=glob{'*1999*.{txt,doc}'};
10- .
157
f
$count=lj
while($name=glob('*')) {
print "Scount. $name\n";
$count++;
}
glob opendir/readdir/closedir.
glob .
, ,
, . ,
Perl glob
,
. opendir/readdir/closedir
.
glob , , opendir/readdir/closedir
. , glob( '/usr/include/*.h') /usr/include/.
glob , opendir/readdir/closedir. . Perl ,
, .
, , ? , . ,
opendir/readdir/closedir
.
opendir/readdir/closedir.
. ( ) ; glob, :
8cfiles=<*.c>; i ,
t .
,
, . glob.
:
UNIX grep
, . Unix grep.
, ( Perl).
. .
158
II. Perl
, , 10.1, mygrep. He ,
1- , " Perl". ,
Perl grep ( UNIX
grep).
,
:
perl mygrep
10.1. mygrep
1: f!/usr/bin/perl
2:
3: use strict;
4:
5: print " : ";
6: my $dir=<STDIN>; chomp $dir;
7: print " : ";
: my $pat=<STDIN>; chomp $pat;
9:
10: my ($file);
11:
12: opendirfDH, $dir) || die " $dir: $!";
13: while($file=readdir DH) {
14: next if (-d "$dir/$file");
15: if (1 open(F, "$dir/$file")) {
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
warn " $file: $!";

next
}
while(<F>){
if (/$pat/J {
print "$file: $_"
23:
}
24:
close(F);
25: }
26: closedir(DB);
....-.-:.,
,
. ,
: .
1. (
) -W-
!
3. use s t r i c t ,

.
, . _.
5-8. $dir
( ) Spat ( ).
chomp.
10- .
159
10. use strict,

Sfile,
.
12. , $dir.
,
.
13. $.
14. ,
( -d), . ,
($dir/$file), $dir. , "$dir/$file".
15~18. , . ,
.
1923. , $pat. .
10.2.
10.2. mygrep
: .
: perl
hello: #!/usr/bin/perl
lstO2 01.pl: *!/usr/bin/perl -w
,
,

readdir. Perl ,
, , ( ).

- ""
, . UNIX
. , , UNIX pwd.
MS-DOS Windows
, C:\WINDOWS>. ,
MS-DOS cd ,
. , , , .
160
. Perl

Perl
, ,
, .
, Perl,
(
). Perl
, cwd.
, , , open(FH, "file") jj die,
. Perl chdir, :
chdir _
, .
, chdir false.
.
, , .
cbdir . UNIX ,
. Windows 9x, NT MS-DOS . , chdir .
Perl , . , . .
use Cwd, cwd,
:
use Cwd;
print " - ", cwd, "\n";

chdir '/tmp' or warn " /tmp: $!";
print " ", cwd, "\n";
use Cwd .
cwd , .
use Cwd Perl, Cwd. Perl , cwd. Can't locate Cwd.pm in ? INC
, , .
14- , " ".

Perl mkdir, :
mkdir , ',
10- .
161
, mkdir . , $!. _ UNIX, , ,

UNIX .
0755, , " UNIX".
DOS Windows 0755 ! , :
print " : ;
my $newdir=<STDIN>;
chomp $newdir;
mkdir($newdir, 0755) j| die " $newdir: $!";
rmdir, :
rmdir ;
, rmdir . ,
$!, :
print " : ";
my $baddir=<STDIN>;
chomp $baddir;
rmdir($baddir) || die " $baddir: $!";
rmdir . ,

.

Perl unlink, :
unlink _;
unlink , ,
. ,
, $_. :
unlink <*.bat>;
$erased=unlink 'old.exe', ' a . o u t ' , 'personal.txt';
unlink 8badfiles;
unlink; # , $_
, , , unlink, :
my Gfiles=<*.txt>;
$erased=unlink files;
f ,
\
if {$erased 1= files) {
print " : ",
', <*.txt>), "\n";
162
II. Perl
$erased.
unlink $erased ?files. . , , .
, unlink, , Perl .
!

Perl .
rename, :
rename _, ^;
, , , . , rename . , , . rename , , $!, :
if (! rename "myfile.txt", "arcfile.txt" ) {
warn " myfile.txt: $1";

}
rename .
, :
t
rename "myfile.txt", "/tmp/myfile.txt";
, , rename, , .
rename , .
UNIX
, Perl UNIX,
,
.
, .
, Perl UNIX. ,
UNIX. .
, , , unlink,
. UNIX,
UNIX. -
10- .
163
, , Perl , unlink ,
.
Perl , /.
, . Perl .
, Perl UNIX, ( UNIX) , ,
UNIX. UNIX, ,
.
,
UNIX
. ,
UNIX, "".
http://vwv.williamspublishing.com.

1- , " Perl", , , UNIX Perl , , ,
chmod 755 _. 755
, . , UNIX
chmod.
,
, , , (. 10.1).
7, 5, 5. . 10,2.
, 10.1.
10.2.

7
/ / , (RWX)
/ / (RW)
/ / (RX)
/ / (R)
164
II. Perl
. 10.2
/ / ()
/ / (W)
/ /
(X)"1
Perl
chmod, :
chmod _, _;
,
, , .
_ ,
.
chmod.
chmod 0755, 'file.pl'
chmod 0644, 'mydata.txt'
chmod 0777, 'script.pl'
chmod 0000, 'cia.dat'
RWX
RX
RH
R
RWX
( )

mkdir. , ( ,
chmod ). :
mkdir "/usr/tmp", 0777
mkdir "nyfiles", 0700
f
I
t
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,

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UNIX (mode). chmod change mode (

).
_ _ ^ _ _

Perl stat.
UNIX,
UNIX , stat . stat :
stat _;
stat ;
10- .
165
, stat ( ), .
stat , 13 , . , Perl. , . . 10.3 stat : UNIX Windows.
10.3. stat
UNIX
Windows
dev
( 2
:, 3 D: ..)
ino
(inode)
2
3
mode
nlink
(links)
0,
NTFS

uid
gid
(group id)
rdev
size
atime
mtime
10
ctime
11
blksz
12
blocks
(user id)

()

, . 10.3, , . ( UNIX),
.
stat:
f!stuff=stat
"myfile";
stat , , :
($dev, $ino, $mode, Snlink, $uid, $gid, $rdev, $size,
Satime, $mtime, $ctime, $blksize, $blocks)=stat(Hmyfile");
166
II. Perl
, , " ":
printf "t04o\n", $mode&0777;
.
, . , stat (
$mode), "" . &0777, "" , . , , 0777
. , , %04 printf
( 0 7), UNIX . 4 , 0 , .
, , 8. 0 7. 7 . , . UNIX, , , Perl.
, . printf
. ,
.
. 10.3 , .
, ( ). , . Perl , 0 1 1970 . , , localtime,
:
print scalar localtime($mtime);
, Mon May 15
14:44:55 2000. ( $atime) ,
, (
$mtime) . UNIX
$ctime ,
. , ,
.. , ,
, .
Windows $ctime .
,
stat. stat

, .
print " : ", ( s t a t f f i l e " ) ) [7], " ";
10- .
167
, , . , . , chapterJJl.rtf,
Chapter_02.rtf, Chapter_04.rtf .., Hour_01.rtf,
Hour 02.rtf, Hour_04.rtf ..
, Windows.
, 10.3, Renamer. ,
1- , " Perl".
,
:
perl Renamer
10.4 .
10.3. Renamer
1: #!/usr/bin/perl
2:
3: use strict;
4:
5: my($dir, $oldpat, $newpat);
6: print " : ";
7: chomp($dir=<STDIN>);
8: print " : ";
9: chomp{$oldpat=<STDIK>);
10: print " : ";
11: chomp($nevpat=<STDIN>);
12:
13: opendir(DBf $dir) || die " $dir: $!";
14: my eiiles=readdir DH;
15: close(DH);
16: my $oldname;
17: foreach(Hiles){
18:
$oldnajne=$_;
19:
s/$oldpat/$newpat/;
20:
next if {-e "$dir/$_");
21: if (1 rename "$dir/$oldname", "$dir/$_") {
22: warn " $oldname $_: $1";

23: } else {
24:
print " $oldname $_\";
25: >
26: }
163
II. Peri
S .
13-15. $dir files.
1719. Sfiles. $_, $oldname. 19

$_ .
20. , . .
2125. . -
, . ,
, $dir/$oldname. ,
Ofiles $_ .
10.4. Renamer
: tmp
: Chapter
: Hour
Chapter_4.rtf Hour 4.rtf
Chapter_2.rtf Hour_2.rtf
Chapter l.rtf Hour 1.rtf
^_
__
,
Perl rakdir, rmdir rename. , ,
(, .)
stat.
, , .

?
, .
opendirfDIRHANDLE, "/mydir") || die;

files=<DIRHANDLE>;
closedir(DIRHANDLE);
. DIRHANDLE , ! ( ) . ,
Gfiles=readdir DIRHANDLE.
10- .
169
g l o b e * . * " ) , ?
*.* , . ,
globf 1 *"). glob Perl , . *. *' MS-DOS.
opendir . - .
.
- . ,
. . , 15- , " Perl".
File::Find, ,
, .
, 10.3, *.bat *.tmp?
, *.bat, . - ,
. \*\.bat,
, ,
, "*.bat".
, , , .
, !9
:
s/\Q$oldpat/$newpat/;

, .

1.
foofile?
) print glob("foofile");
) print (stat("foofile"))[9];
) print scalar localtime (stat{"foofile"))[9].
2. unlink?
) ;
) ;
) , .
170
II. Perl

1. ) ). , 0 1 1970
, . .
2. ), )
. unlink
, 0, .
( .) , .
10- .
171
11-
Perl ,
: , , .
, .
,
.
Perl , (glue
language). , Perl
, ,
( ) . Perl ,
, , .
Perl
. , , .
,
. , .
.
system().
.
.
Windows DOS,
UNIX. , ,
( ) , .
172
. Per!
system ()
Pert system().
Perl, , Perl. system{) :
system ;
, . , system()
0.
- , . ,
" " true false,
Perl.
system() UNIX.
system("ls -IF"); #
system
if ( system("perldoc -f system") ) {
print " Perl i\n";
}
Windows:
system("dir /w"); f
< system
if ( systemfperldoc -f system") ) {
print " Perl !\";
}
, system!) .
,
. , DOS dir, UNIX Is. perldoc
DOS,
UNIX. .
system() , , Perl.
,
, Perl.

STDIN STDOUT Perl. , / . , system()
.
UNIX.
$file="myfile.txt";
system{"vi $ f i l e ' ) ;
Windows DOS :
$file="myfile.txt";
svstem("edit $file");
11- .
173
myfile.txt. UNIX vi, DOS edit. , , . Perl.

system() ,
( ) . , UNIX ,
, Perl:
system("xclock -update 1");
Notepad Windows, Perl:
system("notepad.exe myfile.txt");

system{), ,
, , . , system() (
UNIX /bin/sh, Windows DOS command,com), . , / (>), (|),
UNIX (&),
.
,
, Perl:
system{"perldoc perlfaqS > faqfile.txt");
perldoc perlfaqS faqfile.txt. , UNIX, DOS.
, , , .,
UNIX, DOS Windows .
:
I , $f,
i
system{"sort $f | lp"); t
1
I Xterm
system("xterm ");
xterm
Perl, (fi),
, xterm .
Perl .
174
II. Perl
UNIX systemf}, (
) Perl /bin/sh .
, . ,
UNIX.

system() Macintosh.
.
Macintosh Specific Features MacPerl.

, system(}
. Perl. ,
, .
I , ' d i r ' ' I s '
!
# opendir/readdir/closedir
system("dir > o u t f i l e " ) ; # UNIX ' d i r ' ' I s '
open(OF, "outfile"} || die " outfile: $1";
f!data=<OF>;
close(OF);
dir ( Is) outfile.
Sdata. , ,
dir.
. , Perl , .
Perl, ),
systemf).
, , :
$directory="dir~; # 8 UNIX ' d i r 1 ' I s '
, dir, $directory.
systemf),
: >
, | ( UNIX)
s . ,

Perl .
.
, -
11- .
175
.
. . :
f!dir=4dir*; # UNIX 'dir' 'Is'

foreach (Odir) {
#
}
foreach , gdir.
Perl .
qx{>. , , , :
$perldoc=qx{perldoc perl};
qx ,
,
, . (, .) .
$complex='sort \'grep -I 'conf * \ ' " ;
:
$complex=qx{ sort 'grep -1 'conf *'}; #
, , , () [ ].

Perl . .
UNIX:
$= * Is $HOHE';
DOS Windows:
$myhome=% dir %windir%";
, $?
Perl, ?
? Swindirl coimand.com, Perl,
?
, $ Perl. ,
Perl, , ,
, . , , ,
(" ") .
, %windir% command.com.
176
II. Perl
,
, :
$myhome=*ls \$"; I 'V $
DOS Windows:
$windows=1dir lwindir%";
UNIX
windir DOS.

qx{} -, :
$myhome=qx' Is $HOME ';
Windows DOS:
$vindows=qx' dir %windir% ';
qx'' Perl : .
,
, .

UNIX DOS/Windows . .
DOS, ( dir Is)
UNIX:
dir > outfile
sort outfile > newfile
more newfile
dir outfile. sort
newfile. , , newfile .
, outfile newfile:
dir | sort j oore
dir sort,
.
more .
(>) BQ ,
!
,
. UNIX
. DOS
Windows , .
11 - .
177
Perl . ,
, ,
, :
dir / | sort j perl Totaler j more

Totaler Perl ( 11.1). . UNIX
dir / Is -1.
11.1. Totaler
1: f!/usr/bin/perl
2:
3: use strict;
4: my($dirs,$sizes,$total);
5:
6: while(<STDIN>){
7:
chomp;
8:
$total++;
9:
if (-d $_) {
10:
$dirs++;
11:
print "$_\n";
12:
next;
13:
}
14:
$sizes+=(stat{$_))[7]j
15:
print "$_\n";
16: }
17: print " - $total, - $dirs\n";
18: print " - ", $sizes/($total-$dirs>, "\n";
.
6.
. $_. STDIN STDOUT . , STDIN ,
dir /.
913. , , Sdirs.
.
1415. $sizes .
1718. ( ,
) .
178
II. Perl
,
, , . Perl open, :
t ' d i r /' ' I s - 1 '
open(RHANDLE, "dir /| sort |"J ] |
die " : $!";
open ,
dir / | sort. ,
, , .
open Perl dir / | sort
sort . RHANDLE Perl .
:
open(HHANDLE, "| more") ||
die " : $!";
open , more. ,
, , . ,
, WHANDLE,
more . , , .
/ RHANDLE WHANDLE, . ,
open.
, ,
Perl .
close , . ,
, :
close(WHANDLE) |} warn " : $!";

; "
open no , ?" UNIX. Perl
,
. ,
, .
, . close , , ,
, .

Perl,
- Perl ,

11- .
179
(VMS, UNIX, Macintosh DOS). , /, Perl

, . .
16- , " ,
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182
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if ($0 eq 'MSWin32') {
t 'dir'
* : 10 dir{s) 67,502,080 bytes free
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8dir='dir*;
$free=$dir[$fdir];
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$free=~s/,//g;
} elsif ($AO eq 'linux') {
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:
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warn " \";
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sub freespace {
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}
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186
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187

Perl . DOS Windows
:\>. UNIX % $. Macintosh Debugger Script. .
Employee (. 9.1), 9- , " ". 97, . Employee (
DOS):
:\> perl -d Employee
-d, , Perl
. , .
, , :
Default die handler restored.
Loading DB routines from perl5db.pl version 1.07
Editor support available.
Enter h or 'h h' for help, or 4man perldebug' for more help.
main::(Employee:5):
main::{Employee:6):
main::(Employee:7):
main::(Employee:8):
main::(Employee:9):
main::(Employee:10):
main::{Employee:11):
my employs=(
',,123101,9.35,40',
',,132912,10.15,35',
',,198131,6.50,39',
'Her,,141512,9.50,40',
',,131211,11.25,40',
);
( 1.07)
, . ,
my @employees=(, .

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. , ( my f*employees=(), ,
. .
188
II. Perl

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help, .
h,
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"" . , |. , ,
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Perl
. ,
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Employee. ,
n (next, ):
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my ($Ll, $ F l } = e p l i t ( ' r r , $a>;
Perl Employee
( 5 11). ,
, my ($L1, $Fl)=split(',', $); .
êmployees. .
, print, :
DB<1> print êmployees
,,123101,9.35,40,,132912,10 5,35,,198131,6.50,3
9,, 141512,9.50, 40, , 131211,11.25,40
,
Perl. , êmployees .
, :
DB<2> print join( H \n", êmployees)
,,123101,9.35,40
,,132912,10.15,35
,,198131,6.50,39
Her,,141512,9.50,40
,,131211,11.25,40
,
, :
DB<3> n
main::(Employee:23): employees=sort {
DB<3> n
my ($L2, $F2)=split(',', $b);
DB<3> n
return ( $ cmp $L2 f
12- . Perl
189
||
I .
$F1 cmp $F2 f
);
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main::{Employee:23): Gemployees=sort {
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DB<3> 1 23-33
23==> 8employees=sort {
24:
my ($L1, $Fl)=split(
25:
my ($1.2, $F2)=split{
26:
return { $L1 cmp $L2
27
II
28
$F1 cmp $F2
29
);
30
} êmployees;
31
32:
foreach(@employees} {
33:
print emp($ ]i;
', $a);
', $b);
1
# ...
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33. , sort
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190
II. Perl
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. ,
print_emp 33.
, :
DB<2>
198131
main::(Employee:3 3):
6.50
39 253.51
print_emp($_);
L, :
DB<2> L
Employee:
33:
break if (1)
print_emp($_);
,
33 Employee.
d, ,
b d ^ d _. :
DB<2> d 33
DB<3>

, print_emp ,
. . R:
DB<3> R
Warning: some settings and command-line options may be lost!

Loading DB routines from perl5db.pl version 1.07
12- . Perl
191

h or "h h' for help, or 'perldoc perldebug' for more help.
main::(Employee:5):
main::(Employee:6):
main::(Employee:7):
main::(Employee:8):
main::(Employee:9):
DB<1> b 33
my (!employees={
',,123101,9.35,40',
',,132912,10.15,35',
',,198131,6.50,39',
'Her,,141512,9.50,40',
',,131211,11.25,40',
);
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:
DB<2>
DB<2>
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198131
DB<2> n
DB<2>
6.50 39 253.51
foreach(Bemployees) {
print_emp($_);
? ,
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main::print_emp(Employee:14):
DB<2>
print_emp($_);
my ($last,$first,$emp,$hourly,$time)=
split(',',$_[0]);
,
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, , :
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DB<2> n
192
my $fullname;
$fullname=sprintf("%s %s", Sfirst, $ l a s t ) ;
II. Perl
DB<2> n
nain::print_emp(Employee:18):
nain::print_emp(Employee:19):
DB<2>
printf("%6d *-20s %6.2f d %7.2f\n",

$emp, $fullname, $hourly, $time,
($hourly * $time)+.OO5);

. ,
$2,5, :
DB<2> print $hourly
11.25
DB<3> $hourly+=2.5
DB<4> print $hourly
13.75
DB<5> n
131211
13.75 40 550.01
main::(Employee:32): foreach(employees) {
DB<5>
$hourly (11.25), 2.5 . ,
printf $hourly.
, , , q.
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1: #!/usr/bin/perl -v
2: # .
3: use strict;
4:
5: sub message {
12- . Perl
193
6:
my($quant)=?_;
7:
my($mess,$repl);
8:
$1="";
9:
$mess="B $quant \";
10:
11: if {{$quant < 5)- and ($quant >1 )) {
12:
$1="";
13: }
14: if ($quant eg 1) {
15:
$1="";
16: }
17:
$mess=s/na4eK/$repl/;
18: print $mess;
19: }
20:
21: foreach{20..0) {
22:
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23= }
, "".
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,
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C:\>perl -e "print 'Hello, world';"
Hello, world
Perl,
- . :
C:\>perl -e "print 'Hello, world';" -e "print 'Goodbye, world';"
Hello, worldGoodbye, world
He , . ,
Windows/DOS Windows NT command.com cmd.exe
194
II. Perl
,
. , <,>, | , , ,
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UNIX
. , UNIX .
,
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$ perl -e 'print "Hello, World\n";' -e 'print "Goodbye, world\n";'
UNIX, sh, csh,
ksh, bash . . ,
UNIX.

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:\> perl -d -e 1
Loading DB routines from peiU.5db.pl version 1.07
Enter h or 4h h' for help, or 4perldoc perldebug' for more help.
DB<1>

. Perl ,
. Perl , <Enter>, . (1) Perl.
, 1.

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, :
:\> perl - Employee
Employee syntax OK
, ,
:
:\> perl - Employee
syntax error at Employee line 13, near ")
12- . Perl
195
sub printêmp "

Can't global t_ in "my" at Employee line 15, near "r$_"
syntax error at Employee line 21, near "}"
Employee had compilation errors.
-w -
.
Perl
.
Web-. ,
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-v, :
:\> perl -v
This is perl, v5.6.Q built for MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
(with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail)
Copyright 1987-2000, Larry Hall
Binary build 613 provided by ActiveState Tool Corp. http://www.ActiveState.com
Built 12:36:25 Mar 24 2000
Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which be found in the Perl 5.0 source kit.
(
Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ l i s t s , should be found on
this system using %man p e r l ' or 'perldoc p e r l ' . If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.com/, the Perl Home Page.
5.6.0
Windows/DOS. ( , ..), Perl -V, :
:\> perl -V
Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 6 subversion 0) configuration:
Platform:
osname=HSWin32, osvers=4.0, archname=MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
Compiler:
cc='cl', optimize='-01 -MD -DNDEBUG', gccversion=
Characteristics of this binary (from libperl):
Compile-time Options: MULTIPLICITY USE_ITBREADS PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT PERL_IMP
LICIT_SYS
Locally applied patches:
ActivePerl Build 613
Built under MSWin32
Compiled at Har 24 2000 12:36:25
:
E:/Tools/Perl/lib
E:/Tools/Perl/site/lib
196
II. Perl
, Perl. , , .
@INC. , Perl . , Perl
, "" .
, , 14- , " ".

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1. <> ,
, <STDIN>.
2. , <*.bat>, , . , .
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( ) , , .
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" ". :
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
while(<>) <
print $_;
>
Exaraple.pl
:\> perl -w Example.pl filel file2 file3

filel,
file2 file3. , . UNIX, sed, awk .
, Perl (,
-v, -, -d -),
ARGV. , SARGV[ 0 ] " f i l e l " , $ARGV[1] "2" ..
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:
LINE:
while{<>) {
...If , -
}
12- . Perl
197
, ,
, :
A
:\> perl -n -e 's/ \s+//g; print $_;' filel

Perl :
LINE:
s/"\s+//g;
print $_
}
filel while $_. s/*\s+//g .
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:
A
:\> perl -p -e 's/ \s+//g;' filel
, ,
:
:\> perl - - 's/*\s+//g;' dosfile > dosfile
dosfile
. , dosfile , Perl .
,
, , :
:\> perl - - 's/*\s+//g;' dosfile > tempfile
:\> rename tempfile dosfile
Perl . , , .
The Peri Journal.
, Perl. , , , Perl. ,
- - , Perl.

. Perl?
, . Perl Windows .
198
II. Pert
main::, ?
Perl
. ,
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Perl - , ?
, . . , perldoc perlrun.

1. , 12.1.
2. , <> :
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3. Perl . .
? (: , h.):
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1. 21. (20..>. .. .
21 : for($_=20; $_>-l; $_--).
(0. .20} reverse.
17 $mess=s/na4eK/$repl/;. ,
, $mess. $mess
$_. , = =".
2. ). , <>
STDIN.
3. ). t.
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12- . Perl
199
13-

, Perl .
,
, . (Pascal ) (pointers),
() (indirect references), BASIC Java, ,
. ,
, , , .
Perl ,
(references). Perl ,
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.
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200
II. Perl
, .

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:
$=""; f
Perl $ "". , , ? , , $, , .
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, $ , $
$=$,
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13- .
201
print, SCALAR(0x0000). 5 $ref,

$ref. , $. .
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$:
print $$ref;
, , , $ref
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$$ref="HoBoe ";
:
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$
:
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f|
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:
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:
Sbref2 $bref
Shook
j " |- r>j |
202
II. Perl
, $
$bref2, $$$bref2. , Sbook $bref $$bref. , "" ,
Sbook .

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$aref=\iarr;
$aref @.
:
$aref
~>
garr
0
1
2
3
4
[||&
@ - $aref :
$$aref [0]
G$aref [2,3]
@
@
, , , .
S$aref[0]
@$aref[2,3J
@$aref
,
,
,
${$aref}[0]
{$aref}[2,3]
0{$aref}
,
@ - Saref.
foreach {element ({$aref}) {
print $element;
}

, :
:
$href=\%hash;
$href Gnash.
:
13- .
203
href
lhash

[|]1]11
%hash - $href .
$$href{key}
%hash, key. ${href} {key}
%$href
Shash. %${href}
, %hash ghref :
foreach $key (keys %$href) {
print $$href{$key}; $ To , $hash{$key}

, , .
8- , "", ,
.
J ! 1
sub getarrays {
my (, )_;
}
fruitsqv{86noKO };
fcveggies=qw{ };
getarrays(Hruit, Gveggies);
,
getarrays(Gfruit, Gveggies) Gveggies
fruit, _. getarrays (Ga, )=$_.
Iveggies 8, &b .
getarrays (!_, ,
. .
, , .. getarrays , . :
I !
sub getarrays {
my ($fruit_ref, $veg_ref)=_;
}
?fruit=qw{fl6noKo };
$veggies=qv{ };
getarrays(\8fruit, \Gveggies);
204
II. Perl
getarrays ,
. . getarrays - $fruit_ref, $veg_ref, .
sub getarrays {
my {$fruit_ref, $veg_ref)=_;
print ":", joinf',', $$fruit_ref);

print ":", join(',', S?veg_ref);
,
. , ,
. .
t
sub changehash {
my{%local_hash)=e_;
$local_hash{beast}='nefl8eflb';
return;
%hash=(fish => '',

bird => '');
changehash(lhash);
f
sub changehash {
my($href)=?_;
$$href{beast}='';
return;
>
%hash=(fish => '',
bird => '');
changehash(\%hash);
. _ - %hash. changehash _ %local_hash, , . *local_hash , %hash .

changehash $_
fchash.
$href, , , - %hash.
, $href,
. %hash
beast, ''.
_
. , _
, . , , ,
. , , .
, .

.
. , (
13- .
205
) (,
), . Perl ,
(, ).
* %hash ,
.
my $href;
{
thash=(phone => ', light => '');

$href=\%hash;
}
print $$href{light}; # ""
$href %hash.
%hash , %hash ,
. , ,
,
.
$href %hash (..
, ).
, ,
%hash,
. Perl ( %hash). (anonymous storage), , $ahref.
$ahref={ phone => '', light => '' };
.
, -.
,
" ".
[ ] , .
$aaref=[ qw( ) ];
,
" ".
, -, ,
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.
{ .
my $ref;
$ref=[ qw{0Bec ) ];
)
print $$ref10]; # ""
}
print $$ref[0];
206
t ! $ref
. Perl
, use strict,
. , Perl $ref , ,
, .
-w, , , Perl undefined value (' ),
use strict.

, . , , .
$=[ qw( ) ];
$b=[ qw{ J ];
$=[ gw{ ) ];
$ ,
Smedia=(music -> $, film => $b, 'print' => $);

, .
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Perl , . , , .
[1]
[2]
[3]
, ,

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[0] [0]
10] [1]
[0] [2]
[1] [0]
[1] [1]
[1] [2]
[2] [0]
[2] [1]
12] [2]
13- .
207
Perl , . .
,
.
nist_of_lists=(
[ qv( Ford BMW Mercedes ) ],
( qv{ Toyota Mazda Mitsubishi) ],
{ qv( Peugeot Renault) ],
.
Glist_of_lists, . ( )
:
$list_of_lists[0][l]; I "BMH", 1- 2-
$list_of_lists[ll[2]; I "Mitsubishi", 2- 3-
, . , $) , :
$#list_of_lists;
* eiist_of_lists: 2
scalar($list_ofJLists); f $list_of_lists: 3
, . $list_of l i s t s [ l ]
"" list_of_lists. ,
ARRAY(OOOOO). ,
list_oi_lists ,
, .
scalar( 3{$list_of_Hsts[2j} )f * 3- 2-
$#{$list_of_liststl]>;
f : 2

:
foreach my $outer ($list_of_lists) {
foreach Sinner
print "$inner
}
print "\n";
,
.
#
push(f!list_of_lists, [ qw(Lexus Lincoln Chevrolet) ] );
f
push(e{SUst_of_lists[OJ}, qw(Audi) );
208
II. Perl

Perl .
, Perl - , , .
:
, ;
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, ,
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.
:
.
Perl Data Structure Cookbook
perldoc perldsc.
,
,
.
. Perl , , .
. Perl , . ,
print $mystery_reference;
:
ARRAYf0xl231920)
, $mysterpreference .
, (SCALAR), (HASH)
(CODE). ,
$mystery_reference, . :
print j o i n ( ' , ' i (!{$mystery_reference});
13- .
209
Perl ,
. -,
. - $ref.
DB<2> print $ref
HASH(0xl84b5O)
, $ref . , , :
DB<3> $ref
HASH{Oxl84b50)
'apple' => ' f r u i t '
' c a r r o t ' => 'vegetable'
'pear' => ' f r u i t ' s
, 'apple', 'carrot' 'pear'.
, , :
DB<1> $
ARRAY()
0 ARRAY(0xle8694)
0 'Ford'
1 'BMW
2 'Mercedes'
1 ARRAY(0xlb74cc)
0 'Toyota'
1 'Mazda'
2 'Mitsubishi'
2 ARRAY(0xle8478)
0 'Peugeot'
1 'Renault'
2 'Citroen'
l
#
t
#
# ;
t
$ (ARRAY(0xb33O0)).
ARRAY(0xle8694),
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:

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, . .
210
II. Perl
( , , ). , . .
, , 13.1,
Maze. , 13.2.
13.1.
1: t!/usr/bin/perl -w
2: use strict;
3:
4: @maze=(
5:
[ qw( ) ],
6:
[ qw{ ) ],
7:
[ qw( - ) J,
8:
[ qw( ) ],
9: );
10: my %direction={ '' , [-1,0], '' , [1,0],
11:
'' , [0,1], '' , [0,-1],);
12: my %full=('B' , '', '' , '',
13:
'' , '', '' , '');
14: my($curr_x, $curr_y, $x, $y)=(0,0,3,3);
15: my $move;
16:
17: sub disp_location {
18:
($, $_;
19:
print " ";
20:
while($maze[$cx][$cy] ="/([])/) {
21:
print "$full{$l} ";
22:
}
23:
print "($maze[$cx][$cy])\n";
24: }
25: sub move_to {
26:
my{$new, Sxref, $yref)=g_;
27:
28:
$new=substr(lc($new),0,1);
29:
if ($naze[$$xref][$$yref]l*7$new/) {
30:
print " $new. \n";
31:
return;
32:
}
33:
$$xref += $direction{$new}[0J;
34:
$$yref += $direction{$new}[lj;
35: }
36:
37: until{ $curr_x == $x and $curr_y == $y) {
38:
disp_location($curr_x, $curr_y);
39:
print " ? ";
40:
$move=<STDIN>; chomp $move;
41:
exit if ($move =" /"q/);
42:
move_to($move, \$curr_x, \$curr_y);
43: }
44:
4 5 : p r i n t "! ";
13- .
211
13.2.

?

?

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?

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, , , , .
212
II. Perl
10-11. .
,
, %direction. , "" 1 , . "" , 1. ( . , .) 33 34 .
1215. , .
use strict. cur_x Scury, (0,0).
(3,3) $ $.
17. ( ).
20. Gmaze ($maze[$cx][$cyj).

,
(, , , ), %full.
()
() .
25. move_to ( $new) .
28.
1, substr .
$new. , , $new , ..
29. ($maze[$$xref ][$$yrefj).

.
3334. . , ,
$direction{B} (0, 1). 0 $direction{B}[0], a
1 $direction{B}[l].
37. .
, ($curr x
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38. "" .
3941.
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13- .
213
. q, .
42. moveto,
.
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.

print "dLOL" ARRAY(0xl01210), ARRAY(Oxl014Q0} .. ?
print @array ,
. print "fULOL" 9L0L, .
,
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" .
$ref=\($a, $, $). $ref , ?
Perl \{$, $, $) (\$, \$,
\$)! $ref , , .. $. ,
$ref=[$a, $b, $c].
214
II. Perl

1. Sref
$=\"";?
) , ;
) "";
) .
2. ?
$=[
{ ==> "", kids==> [ *(, , ) ]},

{ name==> "", kids==> [ qwfCama, , ) ]},
,
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2. ). , , , , (
kids).
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. ,
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:
maze, %full
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, . ( ) .
13- .
215
14-
Perl, , , , , , , . , , , ,
. Perl ". .
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, CGI-
Perl.
216
II. Perl
3500 ,
Perl 20 .
, ,
, . , ,
, - . , , .
.
Perl.
, Perl.

Perl, use. , Cwd,
:
use Cwd
, , use Cwd.
.
Cwd 10- , " ".
, . ,
use Cwd, .
1. Perl
, use Cwd.
2. Perl ,
. Perl Cwd. , Perl.
3. Perl , , .
4. Perl
, use.
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Cwd. , : use , "" Perl . use strict, ;
s t r i c t . use Cwd
.
.
onepaTop'use Cwd,
cwd. .
14- .
217

Perl . ,
, , , , .
, perldoc,
. , cwd, :
perldoc Cwd
.
( ).
Cwd(3)
13/Oct/98 (perl 5.005, patch 02)
Cwd(3)
NAME
getcwd - g e t pathname of current working d i r e c t o r y
SYKOPSIS
use Cwd;
$dir = cwd;
use Cwd;
$dir = getcwd;
use Cwd;
$dir = fastgetcwd;
DESCRIPTION
The getcwd() function re-implements the getcwd(3) (or
getwd(3)) functions in P e r l .
The absjpath() function takes a s i n g l e argument and returns
the absolute pathname for that argument. I t uses the same
a l g o r i t h n a s g e t c w d ( ) . ( a c t u a l l y getcwd() i s abs_path(".J)
, Cwd
: cwd, getcwd fastgetcwd. ,
Cwd.
, , . Perl . , Cwd Cwd.pm. , , Perl. @1. , perl -v.
, Perl, ,
.
, ,
, , LWP,
218
II. Perl
.
,
. ,
1- , " Perl", ,
, .
?
Perl
, . , , , - , .
:
syntax error in file XXXX at line YYY, next two tokens "use Cwd'
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:
perl -v
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, Perl, . Perl 5. , . , 13- , " ", Perl 4.
Perl 4, . .
:
Can't locate Cwd.pm in SiNC (8INC contains: path.. .path.. .path...)
BEGIN failedcompilation aborted
.
(, ).
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cwd .
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14- .
219
Perl , INC. ,
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, . , , , . ,
, .

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10- , " ", ,
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, . ,
.
, ,
. ,
important.doc, documents, :
/documents
-/accounting
/1998
/1999
/2000
7misc
-/personal
,
documents. ,
documents, opendir/readdir/closedir .
documents.
, documents, accounting, misc personal,
, , ..
, 30 .
. , Perl ,
File::Find. ,
(, ) :
use File:-.Find;
find. :
find subref, dirlist
220
II. Perl
,
. ; .
, :
, .
, &.. ,
find,
dirlist.
14.1 important.doc.
14.1.
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
J!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use File::Find;
sub wanted {
if ($_ eg "important.doc") {
print $File::Find::name;
}
}
find Uwanted, '/documents';
.
1-2.
Perl. -w , use
s t r i c t Perl
.
3. File::Find.
find.
5. , /documents. ,
100 12 , wanted 112 .
6.
wanted(),
$File: :Find: :name

, $_ . ,
important.doc; ,
.
10. find Uwanted , .

wanted () ,
/documents.
, find, .
$File::Find::name (
);
$File: :Find: :dir ;
14- .
221
$ ( ). , $_ .
, .
14.2 File::Find.
.tmp : D:. ""
.
, UNIX,
.
14,2.
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14t
15:
/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use File::Find;
sub wanted {
f , :
if ( -f $File::Find::name ) {
f ".tmp"
if ( $File::Find::name="7\.tmp$/i) {
print " $File::Find::name";
unlink $File::Find::name;
}
}
}
find(\Svanted, 'c:/', 'd:/');
, 14.2,
14.1. .
7. , wanted, , . , , .
911. , .tmp. , unlink.

Perl .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
222
II. Perl
, , ,
,
. Perl File::Copy, . .
use File::Copy;
copyfsourcefile", "destination") 11
warn " : $1";
sourcefile
destination. 1 0, - , $! .
File::Copy move- move .
,
. move
,
. -
, move , . :
use File::Copy;
if {not move("important.doc", "d:/archives/documents/important.doc")) {
warn " important.doc: $1";

unlink "d:/archives/documents/important.doc";
>
important.doc
d:/archives/documents. move ,

important.doc. move unlink
.
! -?
Perl . , Net::Ping ,
.
Net: :Ping ping UNIX. "ping", ,

. ping .
, ,
ping . Net::Ping, 1
, .
use Net::Ping;
if ( pingecho{"www.yahoo.com", 15) ) {
print " Yahoo .";

} else {
print "C Yahoo - ...";
}
14- .
.'
223
, Net: :Ping
pingecho. . ,
( www.yahoo.com). , ( ) pingecho .
- Perl Windows 95/98/NT ( 1999) Net: :Ping .
alarm, Windows, tivestate Perl Windows
Windows Perl.
, , -!
English Perl
, :
use English;
while(<>) {
print $ARG;
}
while{<>)
STDIN $ . . use English $_ $ARG. .
$ARG
$!
$'0
$OS_ERROR
$OSNAME
$0
$PROGMMJME

English.

diagnostics Perl .
, , Perl , . ,
fl/usr/bin/perl -v
use strict;
print " helpGsupport.org\n";

224
II. Perl
Perl :
In string, isupport now must be written as \8support at line 4
Global symbol "^support" requires explicit package name at line 4
diagnostics Perl . -,
:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use diagnostics;
print " help0support.org\n";

:
In string, Isupport now must be written as \Gsupport at line 4
Global syiibol "^support" requires explicit package name at ./diag.pl line 5 (#1)
(F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to
say which package the global variable is in (using " : : " ) .
, ,
. . Perl ,
help\0support.com. , , .
use strict, ^support .
, (Isupport , ,
Perl.
. (W) , (D) ,
(S) , a (F) . Perl
, (F).
Perl 60
. , Perl ,
use diagnostics.

perldiag Perl.
, Perl,
. ,
Peri, . ,
, perldoc, .
14- .
225
Autoloader
Perl
AutoSplit
Benchmark
CGI

Perl
CGI Web-, III, "CGI Perl",
CPAN
Perl
Carp
DirHandle
Env
Perl

Exporter
Extutils::*
File::*
,
File::Copy
,

File::Spec::*
FileCache
FindBin
Getopt:: *
I18N::Collate
IPC::*
Math: :*
Net::*
. ,
Net::hostent IP-, 204.71.200.68, , www.yahoo.com
Pod::*
Perl
Symbol
Perl
Sys:: Hostname
,
IP-
Sys::Syslog
UNIX
226
II. Perl
Term::*
, ..
Text::Abbrev
Text::ParseWords
Text::Soundex

Soundex
Tie::*
Perl ,
Time::*
.
, , Sat Jul
24 16:21:38 EDT 2000, , 0 1
1970
constant
integer
Perl
,
locale

, , , Web-
http://www.cpan.org.
.
. , Windows. Perl Activestate
,
.

, UNIX Windows. , CPAN ( UNIX) Activestate .
, Peri. .
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, , Perl.
14- .
227

(::) File::Find,
$File::Find::dir?
Perl , . ,
.
Cwd $Cwd::x. , . , $ $main::x.
.
Windows 95/98/NT,
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, UNIX ; , Windows.
,
; .
Perl, use
require. require?
require use. Perl 4 use,
require. require
use. , require , use
(.. ).

1. cwd ,
use Cwd;?
) ;
) cwd, ..
;
) , cwd .
2. $_?
) LongVars
) English
) $ .
223
II. Perl

1. ). use, .
2. ). use English , $ $ARG.
Bundle: :LWP CPAN. , 24- , " Web-".
14- .
229
15-
Perl
,
,
. - : "
, , ?" , , . ,
.
- .
, . , , .

. , , : ,
.
, .
.
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Perl DBM- . DBM
Perl -
230
II. Perl
. DBM- , 7- , "".
DBM-, Perl dbmopen, :
dbmopen(, ^, _)

DBM-. _
: _ , __.dii. Perl
. ,
.
, ,
.
.
dbmopen ,
DBM- . UNIX
_.
DBM-. , , 0666, DBM- ; 0644 ,
.
Windows ,
. 0666.
dbmopen , DBM- . :
dbmopen(%hash, "dbmfile", 0644) ||
die " -: $!";

%hash DBM dbmfile. Perl : dbrafile.pag
dbmfile.dir. ( ), Perl
DBM-:
$hash{''}="";
$hash{''}="";

DBM-, :
print $hash{''};
%hash DBM-, dbmclose:
dbmclose(%hash);
' ' ' '
DBM-.
%hash DBM- .
, DBM-, ,
, keys, values delete.
( DBM-), , :
15- . Perl
231
%hash=();
DBM-, dbmopen .

,
DBM-.
. Perl ,
, DBM-
1024 . DBM-.
, .
dbmopen
.
. :
%h=();
$h{''}*"";
dbmopen(%h, "dbmfile", 0644) ||
die " DBM-: $1";
print $h{''}; t
dbmcloee(fth);
dbmopen ''
%h .
dbraclose . :
dbmopen(%h, "dbmfile", 0644) ||

die " DBH-: $1";
$h{'')="";
dbmclose(%h);
print $h{''>; $
'' DBM-.
dbmclose , %h .
DBM-
, DBM-. , Perl ,
: , , . , ,
. , DBM-,
. , , .
232
. Perl
DBM-, records, ,
.
dbmopen(%recs, "record", 0644) J|
die " DBM- record: $1";

foreach my $key {keys Irecs) {
print " $key = $recs{$key}\n";
}
dbmclose(trees);
He , ! %recs
DBM-, keys %recs
, foreach my $key .
%recs , keys %recs - . Perl , . each. :
($JMK>, $ ) = (%);
each , , , . . , . , , :
dbmopen{*recs, "record", 0644) ||
die " DBM- record: $!";

while( ($key, $value)=each Irecs) {
print " $key = $value\n";
}
dbmclose(*recs);
each ,
, DBM-.
:

, ,
. . memopad, 15.1.
, . memopad 15.2.
memopad . , X is ,
X , ,
. "like ?",
15- . Perl
233
, !. ,
. quit. ,
DBM-, memopad .
15.1. memopad
1: t!/usr/local/perl -w
2: use strict;
3:
4: my(%answers, $subject, $info, $pattern);
5:
6: dbmopen(%answers, "answers", 0644) [|
die " DBM- 'answers': $1";
7: while{l) {
8:
print " 'quit' : ";
9:
chomp($_=lc(<STDIN>));
10:
last if (/Aquit$/);
11:
if {/like\s+{.*)\?/) {
12:
$pattern=$l;
13:
while( ($subject,$info)=each(%answers) ) {
14:
if ($subject=~/$pattern/) {
15:
print " '$pattern' '$subject'\n";
16:
}
17:
}
18:
} elsif(/(.*J\?/) {
19:
$subject=$l;
20:
if ($answers{$subject}) {
21:
print "{subject - $answers{$subject)\n";
22:
} else {
23:
print " $subject \";
24:
}
25:
} elsif(/{.*)\sis\s(.*}/) (
26:
$subject=$l;
27:
$info=$2;
28:
$answers{$subject}=$info;
29:
print " , Ssubject - $info\n";
30:
} else {
31:
print " \";
32:
}
33: }
34: dbmclose(%answers);
15.2. memopad
'quit' : perl?
perl
'quit' : perl is
, perl -
'quit' : Web- perl is http://www.perl.org
, web- perl - http://www.perl.org
234
II. Perl
' q u i t ' : perl?

perl -
' q u i t ' : like perl?
' p e r l ' ' p e r l '
' p e r l ' 'web- p e r l '
' q u i t ' : quit
.
12.
Perl. -w , use
strict Perl
.
6. ânswers DBM- answers dbmopen.

answers. answers.dir.
7. while(l) . last.
9. ,
. 1
. <STDIN> 1,
,
$_. chomp
$_ .
10. quit, while .
11. ( $_)
like, , , $1 (
).
12. , ., $1, Spattern.
13-17.
%answers , , $pattern. .
18. if,
11 . , .
$1.
19. , $1, Ssubject.

2024. ânswers , Ssubject,
15- . Perl
235
. ,
.
2527. 25 if,
11 . , .X is Y. X $subject, $info.
28. , $info,
ânswers , $subject.
34. dbmclose ânswers

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.
, - .
,
.

, .
, .
, , .
, . , , .
, .
.
555-1212
555-0912
236
II. Perl
555-0012
555-1190
:
[]555-1212[ ][]555-0912[ ] . . .
[] [ ] . ,
, , .
,
. , ,
,
Perl .
, ,
.
.
.
. , ,
555-1212 555-613. []555-0912[ ] . . .
, 555-1212
555-613:
[]555-1212[ ][]555-613[ ]
[]555-0912[ ] ...
, , (
).
.

, . ,
. , , 5550912 . :
[]555-1212[ ][]555-0012[ ]
[]555-1190[ ]

. DBM-, ,
,
.
.
15- . Perl
237

,
, .
' , ' .
,
555-1212
555-0912
555-0012
555-1190
phone.txt, Perl , , .
:
f!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
sub readdata {
open(PH, "phone.txt") ||
die " phone.txt: $1";

my(gDATA)=<PH>;
chomp I!DATA;
close(PH);
return ();
}
readdata{} phone.txt
@DATA.
. , writedata(), , . writedata() :
sub vritedata {
my{f!DATA)=l!_; $
open(PH, ">phone.txt") ||
foreach(8DATA) {
print PH "$_\n";
}
close(PH);
}
, ,
readdata(), .
push, unshift splice.
,
writedata(), :
(!PHONELIST=readdata{);

* ePHONELIST
pUSh(ePHONELIST, " 555-1314");
writedata{0PHONELIST); *
238
II. Perl
, splice, pop
shift @PHOKELIST, .
, ,
grep, :
ePHONELIST=readdata(); |
I PBONELIST
# , ""
$PBONELIST=grep(! //, SPHONELIST);
writedata{ePBONELIST);

readdata() @PHONELIST. grep ,
. ,
, &PHONELIST. writedata (}.

, , .
.
. , .

,
. , , . . 15.1.
15.1.
open
open(F, "<file ")
open(F, " f i l e " )

open{F, ">file")
open(F, " f i l tsH)
open(F, "+<fil<")
open(F, "+>fil(>.")
open{F, " + f i ]Le")
15- . Perl
239
, . ,
UNIX, , , , . ( , ,
.)
+>,
.

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, . ,
, .

, .

seek. : , , . : 0
, 1 , 2
.
seek().
#
open(F, "+<file.txt") || die " file.txt: $1";
seek(F,0,2); I
print F " "; I
seek(F,0,0); i
print F " "; 1
, t e l l .
, tell(F)
16 ( " "). ,
.
240
II. Perl
seek, t e l l open,
.
. perlfunc Perl.
perldoc perlfunc. ,
open perlopentut
Perl. perldoc perlopentut.

, Perl , . ,
(UNIX, Windows NT Windows 9x),
, . Web-,
, .
, ,
, , , .
,
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, .
chomp($newrecord=<STDIN>);
ePHONEL=readdata();
push(PHONEL, Snewrecord};
writedata(PHONEL);
#
t

IJPHONEL

, ? ,
,
.
. , . .
1
1 5=" 555-1212";
2
epHONEL=readdata();
3
push(PHOSEL,Snewrecord);
4
writedata{PHONEL);
5
2
$=" 555-6611";
gpeoNEL=readdata();
puBh(iPHONEI,,$newrecord);
writedata(ePHONEL);
, , " 555-1212" PHONEL ,

.
, , " 555-6611" 8PHONEL ,
8PHONEL .
: ,
, " 555-1212",
. , "
15- . Pert
241
555-6611" . 6PH0NEL,
GPHONEL, " 555-1212".
"" ,
"" , . , " 555-6611",
" 555-1212", .
, . . ,
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.
, . , . , . ,
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UNIX Windows NT
UNIX Windows NT
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flock , . , ,
. .
.
, . . , .
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,
flock -
242
. Perl
. ,
,
.
flock , .
use Fcntl qw(:flock);
_6);
flock , . .
flock
. . use Fcntl
qw(; flock)
.
: . ,
. -
, ,
. ,
.

flock.
LOCK_SH
. - ,
flock LOCK_SH .
, , .
LOCK_EX , . -
( ),
flock LOCK_EX
.
LOCK_UN . , ,

. ,
.
, flock, (
).
, ,
. ,
. ,
, . , -
15- . Perl
243
open(FH, ">filename"),
flock,
(
>). , , .
( , ; ).
.
,
15.3. , .
15.3.
useFcntlqw(:flock);

my $semaphore_file="/tmp/sample.sem";
\ ( )
sub get_lock {
open{SEM, ">$semaphore_file")
|| die -" : $!";
flock(SEM, LOCK_EX) jj die " : $1";
}
I
sub releaseJLock {
close(SEM);
15.3
, ,
( ),
. , ,
.
get_lock();
I ,
releaselockf}; $
get_lock() release_lock{), , .
,
, . .
244
II. Perl

readdataf) writedataO,
.
- get_lock() release lock{),
. 15.4.
15.4.

1: f!/usr/bin/perl -w
2: use strict;
3: use Fcntl qw(:flock);
4:
5: my $semaphore_file="/tmp/listl54.sem";
6:
7: f ( )
8: get_lock {
9:
open{SEM, ">$semaphore_file")
10:
|| die " : $1";
11:
flock(SEH, LOCK_EX) || die " : $!";
12: }
13:
14: jf
15: sub release_lock {
16:
close(SEH);
17: }
18:
19: sub readdata {
20:
open(PH, "phone.txt") ||
die " phone.txt: $!";
21:
my(fDATA)=<PH>;
22:
chomp{?DATA);
23:
close(PH);
24:
return(eDATA);
25: }
26: sub vritedata {
27:
my{DATA)=_;
28:
open(PH, ">phone.txt") \\
29:
foreachfgDATA) {
30:
print PH "$_\n";
31:
}
32:
close(PH); *
33: >
34: my ;
35:
36: get_lock{);
37: PHOHEL=readdata();
38: pushfSPHONEL, " 555-1012");
39: writedataf gPRONEL);
40: releaseJLockf);
15- . Perl
245
^'^ 15.4 .
'-! get_lock{), release_lock(), readdata() writedata()
.
34. getJLock{). readdata()
GPHONEL,
writedata(). , release_lock(}. .
Windows 9x
, Windows 95/98 .
? , , . , flock Windows 9x,
:
flock() unimplemented on t h i s platform at l i n e . . .
( flock{) ...}
, Windows 9x .
, ,
get_lock() release_lock().
Windows 95 98 , ,
, flock . , , get_lock() release_lock{).
.
UNIX
Windows NT
,
, flock -
. , flock
, , . , UNIX (NFS). ,

UNIX Windows. flock UNIX Windows.
flock 5, "Files and Formats", Perl.
perlfaq5 Perl.
246
II. Perl

. DBM Perl,
.
. , .

, 13- , "
", DBM- ?
, , , .
"" , , . , DBM-. Perl , . Data::Dumper.
DBM-?
DBM- ,
. get_lock{) release_lock(), 15.3. DBM-
, :
get_lock();
dbmopen(%hash, "foo", 0644) [J die "dmbopen: $!";
$hash{newkey}="3Ha4eBHe";
dbmclose(fthash);
release_lock(};
- , flock
?
, . flock , .
flock . ,
flock , L
| OCK_NB
, ,
use Fcntl qw{:flock);
*
I
if (not flock(LF, LOCKEXJLOCKJffi)) {
print " : $!";
}
,
, ,
. :
use Fcntl qw(:flock);
$lock_attempts=3;
While {not flock(LF, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB)) {
sleep 5; t 5
$lock_attempts~;
die " !" if (not $attempts);
15- . Perl
247

1. , DBM-, .
) ;
) .
2. ?
)
;
) ;
) , .
3. ?
1. ). DBM- 1024 .
2. ).

.
) , ,
.
3. 5, "Files and Formats".
248
, , . , ,
1 . ,
.
II. Perl
16-
Perl
. , , - Perl.
,
. ,
, . '
Perl, Perl.
, Perl, ,
, , , Peri , . ,
, .
.
Perl.
CPAN .
Perl?
Perl, , Perl , , Perl.
Perl
1988 Internet . -, , -, "" , . Internet
60 000 .
10 .
(WWW) .
1991
(CERN), , Mosaic, 1993 .
16- . Perl
249
Internet . Usenet ,
.
, , .. . Internet telnet.
1988 , , awk sed UNIX "Perl".
Perl .
Perl ,
,
.
. Perl , . , , , , ,
. Perl ( ,
) , sed, awk sh, ,
, . ( csh, Pascal BASIC-PLUS.)
Perl .
, sed, awk sh, ,
, , , , ,
Perl. , , sed- awk- Perl-.
Perl 1988 .
Perl: Perl 2 . , . , Perl
.
Perl 1991 .
Programming Perl, (Randal Schwartz).
( , ) Perl.
Perl. ( , , .)
Perl 4.
Perl, ,
1992 . , .
1994 Perl.
, , , (
). 1996 Programming Perl
("The Blue Camel" " ". . .)
.

Perl . Perl ,
(open source). , ,
250
II. Perl
. ,
, - , ,
. , , Linux FreeBSD,
Web- Apache Mozilla.
. ,
, ,
, ( ). , , , .
, .
. {Eric S. Raymond)
. , .
, "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" (" "
. .), ,
. URL
"" .
Perl ;
, . , , Peri
() .
, ; , ,
, . : GNU
General Public License Perl Artistic License. , Perl.
, .
Perl,
.
,
, , Perl. Perl.
Perl.
, Perl
. Perl , .
, Perl, .
Perl .
;
,
.
16- . Perl
251
Perl ,
, , . Perl Artistic License Perl Artistic. GNU
General Public License Web-
http://www.gnu.org.
Perl
. , Perl , - . , ,
.
Perl
, ,
Perl, , Perl ,
, Perl.

. , , "" , Perl.
, Perl, ,
, .
, ,
, , .
Perl .
1999 major.minor_patchlevel. , 4.036_18
Perl, 36 "" 18.
"" . Perl 2000 5.6.
major.minor.
, Peri 5.7 ..
Perl (CPAN)
Perl , CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive
Network).
?
Perl (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CPAN)
Perl. ,
Perl , .
, CPAN, .
CPAN ,
252
II. Perl
3500 . . . 16.2 ,
, CPAN.
, . , CPAN, ;
.
16.2. , CPAN
Perl-. , Win32 API, Gtk,

Gnome, Qt, 11
Net::*
. Mail, Telnet, IRC,

LDAP 40
Math::*
30 , ,
, ..
Date::*, Time::*
Data::*, Tree::*
DBI::*
DBD::*
, Oracle, Informix, Ingres, ODBC, Msql, MySQL Sybase

Term::*
,
MS-DOS Windows X- UNIX
String::*, Text::*
CGI::*,
, ,
Web-
URL::*,
HTML::*,
LWP::*
GD,Graphics::*, Image::*
Win32::*,Win32API::*
Microsoft Windows
, CPAN, . README, ,
, . , Perl, Artistic License GNU General Public License.
CPAN , Perl.
CPAN " Perl".
16- . Perl
253

Perl?
,
, . , , , , 50 XX .
20 30 - .
; " ". ,
, .
,
, ,
. ,
.
,
, .
CPAN Perl . , , ,
- "".
, ,
Perl, .
, .

, ,
- .
, CPAN .
, CPAN, .
, . , .
,
, .. ,
.

Perl. , .
Perl, .. 2300 ,
Perl ( ),
.
,
Perl. ,
.
, , , . , ,
, .
254
II. Perl

- Perl, , .
, , . ,
, . , ,
. ,
, . , .
, , .
.

Peri Perl.
, . , : .
, , ,
: - ,
. ;
Perl , - .
, .
Perl ,
? , ! Perl .
, (, ) ?
? .
, ,
.
, - ? , ?
, ?
.
,
, , ?
- , ? , . , , .
Perl ,
, , , .
, .
1. , #! -w.
2. , - use strict.
, ,
, , -w use strict. , , ,
.
16- . Perl
255

, , , .
, ,
print.
, , .. , . ,
print :
sub foo {
my($al, $a2)=g_;
I
print STDERR ": foo $al $2";
}
,
print. , - , DEBUG .
, STDERR,
. LIKE FILE , Perl .
, , Perl.
, Perl. .
Perl 12- , "
Peri".
-,
, ,
, , , , ,
.
Perl.
1- , " Perl", Perl
. 5.6 1700
.
Perl, .. ;
(Frequently Asked Questions FAQ).
,
perldoc perl. ,
Perl.
FAQ Peri, .
, ,
, .
-
Perl perldoc ,
.
, , Perl, . , , - .
, Web- http://www.perl.com.
256
II. Perl

Usenet ,
80- Internet,
. Usenet ,
, , , . . , Perl.
.lang.perl.announce
Perl,
. lang.perl.moderated
, ,
Perl, ,

.lang.perl.misc
, , Perl
Usenet, . . , , . Web- (, deja.com supernews.com),

Usenet Web;
Web-.
, Perl,
. , ,
Perl, .
, : " ". ,
- . ,
, . ,
, , .
deja.com Usenet. , , , , .
. , , Perl, "" Web-. Power Screen
deja.com :
Keywords: fetch web page
Forum: .lang.perl.misc
.
100 ,
, . , Usenet, .
.
. ,
. , ,
.
16- . Perl
257
, .
, , ,
, .
deja.com . ,
, .
,
, , Usenet
, - .
, .
.

. , , ,
. , , , ,
.
, , , , , . ,
- ,
.
Usenet,
Web-. ,
.
1. - , ,
. , Perl,
. , Perl.
, FA.Q
deja.com, .
2. , , .. .
Perl .lang.perl.misc. A
, CGI, ,
.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi. FAQ , ,
.
3. 1 Subject.
.
( "" " "); , .
4. :
) , (, ,
, );
) , ;
) , .

, ,
258
II. Perl
, .
, .
:
) ;
) , .-,
uuencode;
) MIME. .
5. , , , .
6. , , .
. . ""
"" , - . , . , "
CGI-..." " Web-,
...". .
, .
, Usenet .
, . , , . , 1 ,
Usenet . ,
. , , Subject, .
(
) . , . , .
, .

, , .

Perl, Perl
Perl, .
Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, Randal Schwartz, Programming Perl Perl .

Perl, .
Tom Christiansen, Nathan Torkington, Perl Cookbook, ,

, , . , , .
The Perl Journal. , ,

" Perl". ,
Perl (, -
16- . Perl
259
Perl ), .
: " [...],
, Perl, , ..."
.
Internet History ( Internet): Hobbe's Internet Timeline
http://www.isoc.org/zakon7lnternet/History/HIT.htinl
History of Perl ( Perl): CPAST
http://history.perl.com
The Perl Journal
http://www.tpj.com
PAN
http://www.perl.com/CPAK

. . http://www.perl.com
.
http://www.netaxs.com/~esr/writings
Perl Perl . , CPAN, . , , ,

- Perl.

Web Perl, CGI?
Perl CGI- ,
( ),
. , Perl CGI-.
Usenet , .
?
, - ?
, , .
. , " ".
260
II. Perl
CPAN?
! Web- http://search.cpan.org . , .

1. Usenet CGI- Perl?
) comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi;
) .lang.perl.misc.
2. , ,
, ?
) ;
) .lang.perl.misc;
) ,
http://www.perl.com.
1. ). .lang.perl.misc , , CGI-, .
2. ) ), , , .
, . www.perl.com
.
16- . Perl
261
III
CGI- Perl

17
CGI
264
18
278
19
291
20
HTML- CGI-
302
21
cookie
318
22
CGI-
332
23
Push-
Web-
345
24
Web-
357
17.-
CGI
Internet , , World Wide
Web. Web- 1993 Internet
. Internet 20 , 12 . , intranet,
.
Web 1993 .
Web , Web-. Web Web- .
CGI . CGI Common
Gateway Interface ( ).
HTML. HTML . , , .
HTML Web-. HTML
, ,
Web. , HTML <i>He</i> < i x / i > . . (
) Web- .
HTML .
, . HTML World Wide Web (W3C), Internet
http://www.w3c.org. Web- HTML. HTML
HTML 4. ,
"".
264
III. CGf- Perl
Web.
, CGI-.
CGI-.
Web
Web ,
. , Web-,
. Web, Netscape Communicator, Internet Explorer, Opera -
. World Wide Web. Web- Web-.
Web- , Web-.
, Web-. ,
, . 17.1.
Web-
Web-
. 17.1. Web- Web-
Web-
Web- URL (Uniform Resource Locator ),
. URL :
http://www.google.com:80/more.html
URL .
http
HTTP Web-. URL ftp HTTP (https, secure HTTP).

www.google.coin , .
.
IP-, , : 209.185.108.147. World Wide Web IP- , , .
:80 ,
. URL . , , . , http 80.
17- . CGI
265
more.html . .
, /archives/foo.html,
? . , .
URL, (. 17.2).
1. (ww.google.com) IP-
(209.185.108.147).
2. IP- .
3. more.html. .
4. , more.html, .
5. .
DNS
more.html
more.html
ww.google.com
( 209.185.108.154)
. 17.2.

20- , " HTML- CGI-".
CGI Web-
Web-
(. . 17.1 ).
, . 17.1, , .
Web- CGi-. CGI Web- ,
HTML-. URL ,
CGl- , , Web-, , . 17.3.
266
III. CGl- Perl
Web-
CGI
==
. 17.3. Web-, CGI
, CGI-, .
1. CGI-.
2. , ,
.
3. .
4. CGI- .
CGI- ,
Perl (
CGI- Perl).
: , UNIX, Pascal,
LISP, TCL. , CGI- Perl, . Perl ,
, CGl- .
, CGI- , : ,
HTML, zip-, Web.
CGI- HTML.
CGI , . Perl, HTML HTTP. CGI
Web- . CGI Web-
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html.
, .

CGI-.
, CGI, , . .
, CGI- Web-. CGI- Web-.
Web- :
Web- .
: ,

.
17- . CGI
267
Web-, Internet. Web-.

. CGI- Perl , Web- Perl 5
CG 1-. , Web, Perl CGI
CGI. .
, . CGI- , , .
.
, CGI-. , Web- ,
.
Web- ,
.
Web-. Windows
Web-.
, Perl CGI. Windows
Web-, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS).
UNIX Web-.
UNIX.
Internet Web- Apache . Web-
Apache , . Apache Windows-. Apache http://www.apache.org.
CGI- Web-, ,
Web-. Web- Web-, , CGI- .
Web- ,
CGI-. CGI CGI-.

, Web- Web-, . , ,
.
268
Web-,
.
Web-, ,
.
, Web-.
CGI .
Web- .
.
ill. CGI- Pert
CGI-.
Perl Web-.
#1 CGI-. Web-, Windows, .
' Web-;
CGI-, Web. , .
CGI-. Web- ,
Web- CGI-, . CGI- .cgi
.pi, .
CGI-. Web-
CGI- ,
. CGI-. CGI- /cgi-bin, Web-.
URL CGI-. CGI-, ,

URL Web- , CGI
http://www.myserver.com/cgi-bin/ http://www.myserver.com/cgi/.
CGI-
, , , CGI-.
17.1.
hello.
, .. .cgi, hello.cgi. .pi, hello.pl.

, ?
17.1. CGI-
1:
2:
3:
JH/usr/bin/perl -w
use CGI gv(:standard);
use strict;
4:
5:
6:
print header;
print "<B>Bello, World!</B>";
.
1. . , ,
Perl ,
. -w .
17- . CGI
269
2. CGI, . qw(:standard)
, .
3. use strict .
, CGI .
5. CGI header.
, ,
CGI-.
6. , CGI, . ,
, Hello, World.
? , . CGI- . .
CGI-
CGI- , FTP- .. CGI-.
Web- UNIX
UNIX- Web- telnet,
rlogin - , .
1. CGI- hello.cgi ( hello.pl) UNIX- FTP. vi.
2. CGI- mv .
.
3. UNIX .
:
chmod 755 hello.cgi
hello.cgi ,
hello.pl. chmod . ,
(
CGI-).
FTP- Web- UNIX
FTP- .
1. FTP- hello.cgi ( hello.pl)
CGI- . .
ASCII. He CGI-
. FTP .
270
III. CGI- Perl
2. CGI- . FTP
quote site chmod 755 hello.cgi

hello.cgi .
.
,
.
3. FTP-, Cute-FTP,
Set Permissions, Change Mode, Set File Attributes Set
File Access Mode .
4. ,
, , . FTP- , 755.
Web- Windows NT
Web- Windows
NT, CGI- , . .
FTP- Web- Windows NT

FTP- Web- Windows NT FTP, hello.cgi ( hello.pl) CGI
( ). ASCII. He CGI . FTP
.
CGI-
, ,
URL CGI , :
http://www.myserver.com/cgi-bin/hello.pl
hello.pl , hello.cgi.
.
1. Hello, World.
2. .
CGI- - ,
CGI-.
CGI- . ,
. .
CGI- , , ! Web-, CGI- , . , , , CGI- .
17- . CGI
271
, CGI-

CGI-. , CGI-, ,
. CGI- .
, , , hello.cgi.
.
, ?
, CGI-.
Web-, CGI- .
CGI- , Perl.
.
perl hello.cgi
Perl :
(offline mode: enter name=value pairs on standard input)
, CGI .
18- , " ".
- , .
UNIX <Ctrl+D>, Windows <Ctrl+Z>. CGI- :
Content-Type: text/html
<B>Hello, World!</B>
Content-Type: text/html ,
HTML.
20- , " HTML- CGI". ,
header. - , CGI- . , CGI-, .
. .
. .
. Can't locate CGI.pin in @INC

. Perl.
CGI Perl. Perl
, " Perl".
272
III. CGI- Perl

, .
, Web-, .
. Not found 404 Not Found.
. .
URL. , https//
www.server.com/cgi/hello.cgi http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/
hello.cgi.
URL CGI.
. CG1 .
. .
. , Web- . .
CGI- , ,pl .cgi . ,
CGI-
.
URL . , URL.
. Web-, . Web-
CGI-, .
Web-, ,
. Web-.
. Forbidden 403 Error.

. CGf-. Web-, UNIX.
hello.cgi,
, , Is -1
hello.cgi. :
-rwxr-xr-x
I user
93 Aug 03 23:06 hello.cgi
-rwxr-xr-x.
, .
17- . CGI
273
Internal Server Error

500Error
Internal Server Error 500 Error, ,
CGI- - .'
.
, , . Web- . , CGI-.
. . UNIX

tail server_log
. Web- .
CGI-. FTP- Web-, , .
, .
Internal' Server Error . . .
. No such file or directory: exec of /cgi-bin/hello.cgi failed
.
#! . , Perl. FTP Perl Is dir.
CGI- FTP
ASCII-. FTP Windows UNIX .
CGI- UNIX .
(. Forbidden " ".)
. Can' t locate CGI. pm in @ INC
.
Perl ,
. Perl CGI, Perl. Perl . .
. Syntax error, warning, Global symbol requires, etc.
.
.
, " ,
?".
274
III. CGI- Perl
. Premature end of script headers.

.
, Content-Type,
- . ,
header CGI.
.
. .
, header ( ).
header .
CGI- header, "Content-Type: text/html\n\n" . ,
header , .
\\ -, header .
.
system ' '
header. ,
:
#I/usr/bin/perl -wT
use strict;
use CGI;
$|=1; #
print header;
CGI-. ,
Web-. .
CGI- , , .
CGI-, ,
.

CGI. ?
, . CG1 .
CGI. ,
Internet. 1- , " Peri", ,
" ". CGI
"", , .
17- . CGI
275
CGI Perl . .
, . ,
CGI. CGI.
cgi-lib.pl. CGI?
. cgi-lib.pl CGI. cgi-lib.pl .
CGI- Perl, , , TCL?
Perl CGI. .
1. Perl .
2. Perl ( )
CGI-.
3. Perl , , ,
CGI.
4. Perl .
, Perl CGI,
.lang.perl.misc?
comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi.
,
http://www.w3.org/CGI/.

1. CGI- :
) Perl, UNIX ;
) Perl;
) ,
.
2. Perl Web?
) ;
) .
1. ). Perl ,
CGI-,
2. ). Perl 1987 , a CERN Web 1991 .
276
III. CGI- Perl

CGI- "Hello, World!". localtime, HTML. He . , HTML Web-,
.
17- . CGI
277
18-

Internet HTML. , , , , . ,
Web-.
, Submit ( )?
CGI-.
, CGI- .
.
CGI- Perl.
CGI- .
CGI-.

, , ,
. ,
HTML.
HTML
, , .
HTML, , . CGI- HTML.
HTML, <HEAD>, <BODY> <DOCTYPE>,
.
. .
278
III. CGI- Perl
HTML HTML, . Web- HTML . , , , . Web- CGI- .

18,1 HTML .
18.1. HTML
1: <FORM action="http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/submit.cgi" method="get">
2: : <INPUT TYPE="text" name="name">
3: <BR>OnHcaHHe:
4: <BR><TEXTAREA name=>Idescription" rows=5 cols=40>
5: </TEXTAREA>
6: <INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Myi.
7: <INPUT type="radio" name="sex" value="female">JteH.
8: <BR>
9: <INPUT type="submit" value="3anpoc"><INPUT type="reset">
10:</F0RH>
. 18.1 Web- Internet Explorer 5.
E:\Books\Perl\Examplcs\fsll8J1 html - Microsoft Internet
0"
'AapecjCE\Books\Fexampies\isne_Oi html
jE:\Books\Per
",
: |
.fl]
, 18.1. , 18.1, Web-

Internet Explorer 5.
<FORM> HTML.
method ,
GET POST. , CGI GET.
. action URL CGI-, .
<INPUT> ,
. "name".
<TEXTAREA>
. name. "description".
HTML name,
18- .
279
. CGI- , name
.
,
. . .
name.
Submit.
CGI- . .
HTML 4,0 ,
. , , , rows cols
TEXTAREA . .
HTML 4.0,
, Web- http://www.w3c.org.
Submit?
Web- , .
Web-
(. !8.2). , name
. sex
. Web-.
FI0="HsaBOB"
<ISPUT TYPE=TEXT HAHE=FIO>
, 18.2.

, URL.
, URL CGI- (. 18.3).
Web-
, 18.3.
280
III. CGI- Peri
CGI-
: GET POST (. 18.4).
.
Web-
. 18.4.
CGI- ,
(. 18.5). HTML,
, URL CGI-.
Web-
10="
[
,
!
. 18.5. CGI- Web-
CGI-
CGI-, ,
, .
CGI param.
, , CGI-. CGI- , HTML-
18.1, param description, sex, name
submit.
param , .
, param ('sex') male female,
, .
18.2 CGI- .
18.2. CGI-
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
jf!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use CGI gv(:standard);
print header;
18- .
281
6: print ": ", param('name'), "<BR>";

7: print ": ", param('sex'), "<BR>";
8: print ":<BR>", param('description'), "<P>*
, , ,
under.
GET POST
, 18.1, <FORM>
method. , Web- Web-. .
( , .. , <F0RM> method) GET.
CGI- URL. Internet URL:
http://www.server.com/cgi-bin7sample.pl?name=foosdesc=Basic%2QForms
CGI- URL .
param. He
. param , .
, POST, , . URL,
CGI- Web-.
, CGI . ,
param.
Internet CGI-, QUERY__STRIKG REQUEST_METHOD, ,
GET POST. CGI , , . .

, ? . GET Web- URL,
. , URL
http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/sample.pl?name=foobdesc=Basic%20Forms
. CGI sample.pl , .
CGI-. CGI- GET .
, , Web- , CGI- . ,
, URL GET .
POST URL , . ,
CGI-, .
282
III. CGI- Perl

Web
CGI- Web-, ,
, Web, .
HTML . CGI- Web-.
CGI- Web. ,
.

Web- HTML
(. 18.6). , , - .
Internet
Web-
: " ?
. 18.6.
, , CGI ,
Web-. (. 18.7)
Internet
.111 1 I y ^ggV
'
Web-
!"
: "
. 18.7,
,
. Internet .
,
, .
, CGI-.
.
( , ).
( , PIN-,
).
18- .
283
: Internet ,
.
"!" . " Internet , . , ". Web
. Web- . http, https.

,
CGI-, Perl ,
. Internet , ,
, , Web.
CGI- .
HTML CGI-, 18.3 18.4.
18.3.
1: <PORM action="/cgi-bin/directory.cgi">
2:
3:
4:
5:
?
<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=dirname>
<INPUT TYPE=subioit name=Bubmit value="">
</FORM>
18.4. CGI- directory.cgi

l:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
tl/usr/bin/perl -w
f HE ,
use s t r i c t ;
use CGI qw(:all);
print header;
my $directory=param{'dirname');
print ' I s -1 $directory~; I
18.3 ,
directory.cgi. directory.cgi Is -1, DOS dir. .

. CGI- ,
.
284
III. CGl- Perl
, $directory
! , dirname /home; cat /ets/passwd,
CGI-
Is -I /home; cat /etc/passwd
Web-. UNIX MSDOS. Web- , Internet.
Perl , . -,
, #!, (data tainting).
, ( ,
, ), . , open, system, , .
open, system ' ' ,
PATH.
18.5 directory.cgi.
18.5. directory.cgi
1: #!/usr/bin/perl -wT
2: f
3: use strict;
4: use CGI gw(:all);
5:
6: print header;
7: t
8: $ENV{PATH}='/bin:/usr/bin'
9: my $dir=param('dirname');
10: i ,
11: /home/projects
12: if ($dir=~m,"(/home/projects/[\w/]+)$, ) {
13: $dir=$l; I "" ,
14:
I . "perldoc perlsec"
15: print "Is -1 $dir';
16: }
Perl persec , Perl.

HTML/CGI .
HTML, 18.6.
18- .
285
18.6. HTML
1: <FORM action="/cgi-bin/doit.cgi">
2: , :
3: <INPUT TYPE=text length=15 name=color>
4: <IHPUT TYPE=submit value="3anpocH>
5: </FORM>
color 15 ,
? , . HTML , length
. ,
,
.
, ,
HTML, Java JavaScript. , color 15 , CGI Perl :
my $color=param{'color');
$color=substr($color, 0, 15); t 15

Web- , .
, . ,
Web - .
Web, CGI-.
. Web- .
CGI- - , , ,
.
CGI-.

Web-. HTML, , . , .
; , Web-.
18.7 HTML,
. , .
286
III. CGI- Perl
18.7.
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
<FORM action='7cgi-bin/helpdesk.cgi H name="helpdeskH>

:
<INPUT TYPE=radio name=probtype value=hardware>

<INPUT TYPE=radio name=probtype value=software>

<BR>
<TEXTAREA name=problem rows=10 cols=40>
.
</TEXTAREA>
<BR>
Bane :
<INPUT TYPE=text width=40 name=name><BR>
<INPUT TYPE=submit name=submit value="3anpocH>
</FORM>
CGI- /cgi-bin/helpdesk.cgi.
18.8. - , URL , 18.7. *
18,8. CGI-
1: JM/usr/bin/perl -vT
2: use strict;
3: use CGI qw{:all);
5:
6: # .
7: my $gbdata=H/tmp/guestbook";
8: .
9: my $semaphore_file=H/tmp/helpdes}c.sem';
10:
11: J { )
12: sub get_lock {
13: open(SEM, ">$semaphore_file")
14:
|J die " : $!";
15: flockfSEM, LOCK_EX) || die " : $!";
16:}
17: i
19:
close(SEM);
20: }
21;
22: I
23: sub save {
24:
get_lock();
25:
open(GB, "$gbdata")
[| die " $gbdata: $!";
26:
print GB "name: ", param{'name'), "\n";
27:
print GB "type: ", param('probtype'), "\n";
18- .
287
28:
print GB "problem: ', param('problem'), "\n";
29:
close(GB);
30:
release lock{);
31:}
32: I
33: t HTML .
34: sub display {
35:
openfGB, $gbdata)
11 die " $gbdata: $1";
36:
while(<GB>){
37:
print "<B>$_</BXP>"; #
38:
my($type, $prob);
39:
$type=<GB>; f
40:
$prob=<GB>; # 3- ...
41:
print "$type<P>";
42:
print "$prob<BRXHR>";
43:
}
44:
close(GB);
45: }
46:
47: print header;
48: I 'submit' CGI-,
49:
50: I 'submit' 18,7
51: if (defined param('submit')) {
52:
save;
53:
display;
54:} else {
55:
display;
56:}
; 18.8 ,
' .
get_lock() releasej.ock().
,
CGI-. ,
helpdesc.cgi. . , , , .
288
CGI- . , 18.7,
.
.
III. CGl- Perl

HTML CGI.
, CGI- param CGI.
. CGI-
.
.

, .
CGI, 17- , " CGI". ,
, CGI-.
Internet , ,
$ENV{QUERY_STRISG}?
CGI . , ,
. , .
- # I,
Too l a t e for - option . ?
- , Perl . , ,
#!,
. ,
, -:
perl - -d foo.cgi
Perl CGI-? ?
CGI- . ,
, .

1. param ?
) undef;
) ;
) .
18- .
289
2. POST GET CGI?

) ;
) .
3. HTML- (
)?
) ;
) .
1. ). param
, CGI-.
2. ). .
3. ). . HTTP CGI
. .
CGI- .
.
display(} ,
. , .
290
III. CGI- Perl
19-

Web . . Web-, , , ..

, .
, .
Web- " "

CGI- . Web-
Web- . Web- , , . .
, Web-
. .

, ,
.
(, ), , , ,
.
, . ", , ", , , , .
: " ; -".
, ,
.
19- .
291
Web : / , Web "", . , HTML .

Web-
. HTML-. ,
, HTML-,
. HTML :
<INPUT type="hidden" name="fullname" value="Pink Floyd">
HTML- ,
("fullnarae") ("Pink Floyd") . CGI-, Perl,
.

, Web-
. ,
, .

Web-,
20- , " HTML- CGt-". ,
,
, HTML-. .
(. 19.1) .
, CGI-
. CGI- , . 19.2.
. ( ) CGI . ,
.
CGI- HTML-
, .

" ". , , "" CGI , .
,
, - , . 19.3.
292
III. CGl- Perl

;>
. 19.1.

. 19.2.
. 19.3.
,
HTML-. -,
. HTML- , Web- .
-, . , Web-
HTTP. .
. , CG1 "" .
, ,
.
, Web-
View^Page Source. ( Internet Explorer HTML.) ,
: ,
.
Internet . , , , , .
, . ,
. , .
1. , -.
.
19- .
293
2. , , .
3. , .
4. , ,
.
CGI-.
( ) , . 19.1.

use CGI:tCarp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
CGI- , Web, Web. CGI- .
, .
. CGI.
19.1. CGI",
1: ll/usr/bin/perl -w
2: use Fcntl qw(;flock);
4: use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
5: use strict;
6: my $eurveyfile="/tmp/survey.txt";
7: my survey answers=qw(pettype daytype clothes
8:
*~ castaway travel risky ownpet
9:
realname comments);
10: my $semaphore file="/tmp/survey.sem";
11: print header;"
12: if (1 param ) {
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
page_one();
I
} elsif (defined param('pageone')) {
page_two{);
# ,

} elsif (defined param('pagetwo')) {
page_three(); # .
} else {
survey_done(); I
)
i .
68. HTML-
. .
save() repeat hidden{).
294
III. CGI- Perl
1213. CGl- , ..
, page_one(), .
1417. CGI- HTML, pageone, page_two(). pagetwo, page_three().
19. CGI- HTML-,
pageone pagetwo, ,
.
survey_done{) , .
,
, . 19.4. CGI-
, , .
Web-
Web-
1.
2. CGl-

CGI-
0. pageone
pageone
.
3.
CGI -
\
pagetwo

,
/ CGII
6.
4. CGl-

Web-
5.
CGI-
pagethree
Web-
. 19,4. , HTML-
19.2 CGI- .
19.2. CGI-,
21: sub page one {
22:
printEND PAGE_0NE;
23: <FORM>
24: ?<BR>
25: <INPUT type=radio name=pettype value=dog>Co6aK<BR>
26: <INPUT type=radio name=pettype value=cat>Komex<BR>
19- .
295
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35:
36:
37:
38:
39:
40:
41:
42:
43:
44:
45:
<>
?<BR>
<INPUT type=radio name=daytype value=early>K <>
<INPOT type=radio name=daytype value=late>K coBaM<BR>
<P>
, <BR>
<INPUT type=radio name=clothes value=casual>B <>
<INPDT type=radio name=clothes value=business>B <11>
<P>
,
?<BR>
<INPUT type=radio name=castaway 30: 1=.> TepKHH<BR>
<INPUT type=radio name=castaway 1=> <>
<INPUT type=radio name=castaway value=pof>poeccop<BR>
<IHPUT type-radio name=castaway value=skipper>KanaTaH KOpa6n<BR>
<INPUT type=submit name=pageone value="">
</FOftM>
END_PAGE_ONE
}
22~44 Perl,
. (inline document). , . , Perl,
, Perl, , .
, ,
.
, , , :
$a=END_OF_QUOTE;
.
END_OF_QUOTE
, ( END_OF_QUOTE, 19.2 END_PAGE_ONE),
.
" "
.
, ,
("")- , $ .
Perl
HTML-, , PRINT ..
, 19.2, HTML-. <FORM>

. CGI, . method,
GET.
296
III. CGI- Per!
, pageone. CGI- pageone;

.
CGI- .
CGI- 19.3.
19.3. CGI-,
46:
47:
48:
49:
50:
51:
52:
53:
54:
55:
56:
57:
58:
59:
60:
i
sub repeat_hidden {
foreach my $answer ( Gsurveyânswers ) {
if (defined param($answer)) {
print "<INPUT TYPE=hidden";
print " name=$answer ";
print " value=\"", param($answer),'\">\n";
}
}
}
sub page_two {
my $pet=param{'pettype');
if (! defined $pet) {
$pet="goldfish";
}
61:
62:
<FORM>
printEND_PAGE_TWO;
63: ..,<BR>
64: <INPUT type=radio name=travel value=travel>nyTenecTBOBaTb<BR>
65: <INPUT type=radio name=travel 1=>0 floua<BR>
66: <P>
67: ce6s...<BR>
68: <INPUT type=radio name=risky value=yes>Be3paccyflHHM<BR>
69: <INPDT type=radio name=risJcy 1=>0<>
70: <P>
71:
$pet?<BR>
72: <1 type=radio name=ownpet value=$pet>fla<BR>
73:
<INPUT type=radio name=ownpet value=no>HeT<BR>
74:
<P>
75:
<INPUT TYPE=submit name=pagetwo value="flanee">
76: END PAGEJTWO
77:
~ repeat_hidden();
78:
print "</F0RM>";
79: }
47. 46,

. survey__answers
"1=" HTML-. CGI- ,
.
4849. , survey_answers. , .
HTML <INPUT TYPE=hidden>.
19- .
297
5660. . ,
param( 'pettype') dog cat,
$pet. paramf 'pettype') , goldfish.
61~76. , $pet . ,
, .
77. HTML-
.
(
), , .
19.4.
19.4. CGI-,
80: sub page_three {
81:
printEND_PAGE_THREE;
82: <FORM>
83:
84:
85:
86:
87:
88:
89:
90:
91:
92:
93:
94:
95:
! !<BR>
:
<IHPUT TYPE=text name='realname"><BR>
:<>
<TEXTAREA NAME=comments cols=40 rows=10>
</TEXTAREA>
<P>
<INPUT TYPE=submit name=pagethree
value="Submit survey results">
END_PAGEJTHREE
repeat hidden{);
print V/FORM>";
}
page_three :
. repeat_hidden(),
. CGI- 19.5.
19.5. CGI-,
96:
97:
98:
99:
100:
101:
102:
103:
104:
298
sub survey done {

save();
print "!";
}
*
f $surveyfile
*
sub save {
get lock();
HI. CGI- Perl
105:
open(5F, "$surveyfile")
106:
|| die " Ssurveyfile: $1";
107;
foreach my $answer {Gsurvey_answers) {
108:
if (defined param ($answer) ) {
109:
print SF $answer, "=", param($ansver), "\n";
110:
}
111:
}
112:
close(SF);
113:
release_lock();
114: }
115: IF
116: $ ,
117: ( .
118:
*
*
119:
120: t ( )
121: sub get_lock {
122:
open(SEM, ">$semaphore_file")
123:
|| die " : $!";
124:
flock(SEM, LOCK_EX) || die " : $1";
125: }
126:
127: I
129:
close(SEM);
130: }
'.
96.
. , . save().
103. save() save(),

18- , " ".
get_lock(), ,
repeatJiiddenO,
release_lock{).

. , .
, Web-, , .
, . , Web , ,
.
19- .
299

, , ?
, , , , -
.
Peri CGI-, HTML-. , HTML-
. <HEAD>, <HTML>, .. , . , Web , .
, ,
.
: Can't find string terminator "XXXX"
anywhere before EOF at
.
, , . :
print MARK;
HARK
MARK .
,
. MS-DOS Windows
. , .

1.
, :
Web-
) cookie;
) HTML-;
) HTML-, cookie
.
2. HTML <F0RM> action:
) ;
300
III. CGI- Perl
) CGI, ;
) .
3. CGI- . ?
) print EOP; 19.2 ;
) HTML- , <HEAD>;
) .
1. ), ).
cookie.
.
2. ).
. <F0RM> action, URL
, .. URL CGI-, .
3. ). print EOP; . )
, (.
"").
CGI-
. , , .
CGI-,
, , . :
/:
40%
45%
15%

:
?
20%
15%
30%
35%
40%
19- .
35%
301
20-
HTML CGI
, CGI-
Web- .
.
HTML- .
CGI- -, HTML-.
CGI-.
(SSI).
HTTP
17- , " CGI", ,
Web- ( Netscape Internet Explorer) Web (, Apache IIS) CGI. . , , CGI,
.
, .

, (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol HTTP). :
HTTP 1.0 HTTP 1.1 ( ).
, , internet, Request For Comments, RFC. , Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Web no
http://vww.ietf.org. HTTP RFC 1945 RFC2616. , .
302
III. CGI- Perl
Web- Web-, , :
GET http://testserver/ HTTP/1.0
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/png, */*
Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1, *,utf-8
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Accept-Language: en, en-GB, de, fr, ja, ko, zh
Host: testserver:80
User-Agent: /4.51 [en]C-c32f404p
(WinNT; U)
GET , URL
.
1.0 HTTP.
Connection ,
.
, Web-. Keep-Alive , , .
Accept ,
. */* Accept ,
. (iso-8859-l ) ,
. AcceptEncoding: gzip , , ,
gzip (GNU Zip). , Accept-Language , :
(), (), , ..
Host , Web-. ( ) URL.
, Web- Mozilla/4.51 [en]Cc32f404p (WinNT; U). Web- (user agent).
, :
GET http://testserver/ ~> 200 OK
Date: Thu, 02 Sep 1999 19:54:39 GMT
Server: Netscape-Enterprise/3.5.1G
Content-Length: 2222
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Sep 1999 17:12:03 GMT
, .
GET ,
Web-. 200 , "" .
" ",
Server: "" Web- NetscapeEnterprise/3.5.1G.
Content-Length , 2222 .
.
Content-Type . HTML-
text/html, image/jpeg.
20- . HTML- CGI-
303
Last-Modified "" ,
. Web-
-,
Internet.
, -.
, .
:
Web- . CGI-, ,
Web- .
, 7/#-. Telnet- , UNIX. HTTP.
UNIX, telnet. Microsoft Windows, telnet TCP/IP.
Telnet-, . telnet Macintosh,
Telnet- Internet .
Web- telnet :
$ telnet www.webserver.com 80
www.webserver.com Web-, 80 , ( Web- HTTP). telnet ,
, , .
Telnet-
. :
. HTTP , "" , . UNIX
, :
Trying www.webserver.com
Connected to www.webserver.com
Escape character is ' * ] '
(Windows Macintosh),
.
:
GET http://www.webserver.com/ /1.0

<Enter> . Web-
HTTP- Web, .
:
CGI- HTML-.
CGI- , .
304
III. CGI- Pert
header CGl- ,
. MIME Content-Type, , . "",
.
header Content-Type
text/html. "", , HTML.
, .
, , (browser plug-in)
, .
header ,
text/html, -type:
print header {-type => TnnjflME);
MIME, Content-Type,
, text/plain ( , ), image/gif image/ jpeg ( GIF- JPEG-),
application/ ( ,
). - MIME Content-Type
application/octet-steam, , .
,
Web-, " " Web-.
Web- . , " "?
, HTML-
CGI- Perl, .
HTML- Web-:
<Body>
:
<IMG SRC="/cgi-bin/daily_image.cgi">
</Body>
HTML- ,
<IMG> CG1-, GIF- JPEG-. , .
, , . jpeg.
,
GIF.
CGI- daily_image.cgi , 20.1.
20.1. , " "

1
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
H/usr/bin/perl -w
use s t r i c t ;
use CGI qw(:all);
my($imagedir, $day, 8jpegs, $error);
$inagedir="/web/htdocs/pic_of_day";
20- . HTML- CGI-
305
8: $error="/web/htdocs/images/error.jpg";
9:
10: sub display_image {
11:
my($image)=|j ;
12:
open(IMAGE,v$image") || exit;
13:
binmode STDOUT;.binmode IMAGE;
14:
print <IMAGE>;
15:
close(IMAGE);
16:
exit;
17: }
18:
19: print header(-type => 'image/jpeg');
20:
21: * , 1-28, 29, 30 31
22: $day=(localtime)[3];
23: $day=$day-l; # 0-27, ....
24:
25: opendir(IMGDIR, $imagedir) || display_image{$error);
26: jpegs=sort grep(/\.jpg$/, readdir IMGDIR);
27: closedir{IMGDIR);
28:
29: my $image="$imagedir/$jpegs[$day]";
30: $iraage=$error if (not defined $jpegs[$day]);
31: display image($image);
. : :/ .
7. ,
. , .
8. , , CGI- HTML-, , ,
. Simagedir ,
. jpg-, Serror.
306
1016. , . Windows- STDOUT , , . jpg STDOUT . ,

STDOUT IMAGE , binmode.
UNIX
binmode, . 12: ,
, .
19. HTML-, , Content-Type text/html image/jpeg.
25. .
, display_image{), Serror .
tit. CGI- Perl
26. , . readdir. . jpg. , jpegs.
CGI-
CGI-.
URL
. , CGI- time.cgi,
:
< BREF="http://server/cgi-bin/time.cgi "> </>

Web- CGI- time.cgi
, .. Web-.
CGI-, ,
17- , " CGI".
CGI- HTML. , CGI- process.cgi
Submit:
<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION="/cgi-bin/process.cgi">
<IHPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=STUFFXBR>
<IHPUT TYPE=SUBMIT>
</F0RM>
CGI- : CGI- . ,
.
CGI-
CGI-
. , , CGI- foo.cgi
X Y, . < HREF>
URL . URL . 20.1.
http://www.foo.cora/cgi~bin/prog.cgi?name=Ringo&jobdriraiiner
CGI-
. 20.1. URL
, CGI- ( HTML-). , . -
20- . HTML- CGI-
307
, , CGI sign year, 1969 , HTML-:

< HREF="http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/astrology.cgi?sign=OBeH&
=1969">, </>
CGI- param CGI
:
*!/user/bin/perl -w
use CGI qw{:all);
use strict;
print header;
print " ", param('year'), " ",

param('sign'), " , - .\";
. ( ), , , author :
< HREF="http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/book.cgi?author=s
title=Beowolf">Beowolf</A>

CGI-
, URL. , ? (
) URL .
, &, .
Internet
RFC 2396.
URL, . , ASCII-
, . ""
", !" 1:
!2%20!
, "" , , . CGI , .
, URL "" ;
* . URL , . . .
308
III. CGI- Perl
jfl/user/bin/perl -w
use strict;
f 'escape'
use CGI qv(:all escape);
print header;
my $string="npHBeT, 1";
print '<A HREF="http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/parrot.cgi?message=',
escape{$string) , '"> </>';
( URL) HTML-. ,
CGI: use CGI qw(:all escape). CGI escape
,
use .
URL- :
#!/user/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use CGI qw{:all escape);
my %books=( Insomnia => 'S. King', Nutshell => 'O\'Reilly');
$ URL
my $url="http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/add_books.cgi?;
I URL "."
foreach my $title (keys *books) {
$url .= escape($title); t
$url .= "=";
$url .= escape{$books{$title}); #
$url.="&";
print header;
print "<A HREF=$url>flo6aBHTb </>';
URL :
http://www.server.com/cgibin/add_books.cgi?Insomnia=S.%20KingfcNutshell=0%27Reillyfc
& URL CGI-
param.
Web-
Web- , . Web-,
. Web-,
. , , , , ,
20- . HTML- CGI-
309
, , .

.
, Web- , (server-side
includes SSI),
(server-parsed HTML). Web-
HTML Web-, , Web- (. 20.2). Web-
, ,
"" CGI-.
Web-

Web- SSI
. 20.2. Web-
HTML-
Web- SSI.
"" HTML- SSI-,
, , HTML- .shtral .stm. Web- , , SSI
, .
Web- HTML-
, . ,  Web- Apache
HTML-.
"", . , .
.
Web-
Web-
<HTML>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<B0DY>
<!~fecho var=HLAST_MODIFIED"~>
Wednesday, Ol-Jul-2000 21:29:31 EDT
</BODY>
</B0DY>
</HTML>
</HTML>
310
III. CGI- Peri
SSI Web- -. , . Web-

SSI, Personal Web Server Microsoft.
SSI, ,
Web- ( '), Apache
Internet Information Server Microsoft.
, SSI,
Web-.
SSI lexec, HTML-
:
<!lexec cgi="/cgi-bin/stockprice.cgi">
texec,
Web-
CGI-
stockprice.cgi. CGI- HTML,, . CGI- HTML- ( #)
.
: SSI
, ",
!", , .
: , (. 20.3),
4
1
1
day.jpg
night.jpg
. 20.3, : day.jpg night.jpg

HTML- (. ).
, , , , .shtml .stm, Web- SSI.
<BTHL>
<HEAD>
<1> </1>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Web-. :
, , CGI ( SSI).
Web-, , -
, SSI .
HTML- SS1, ,
.
, Telnet-?
telnet , , Web- ,
80. ,
telnet.
. Telnet-
, . : . GET <Enter>.

1. URL ?
< HREF="/cgi/foo.pl?name=Ben FranklinfiJob=printer">
) ;
) , CGI-;
) , Ben Franklin .
316
III. CGI- Perl
2. (server-side
includes)?
) ;
) Web-;
) .
1. ).
"" .
2. ). Web- SSI (
HTML-) , .
telnet Web- .
20- . HTML- CGI-
317
21-
cookie
19- , " ", ,
HTML- Web- "" Web-. , CGI- ,
.
, ,
, .
cookie, , CGI- HTTP-. cookie .
.
cookie.
cookie.
, cookie.
cookie
cookie . .
, .
, , , , ,
, . ( ) .
cookie , CGI- ""
.
CGI-. cookie
318
III. CGI- Perl
HMTL-. cookie
: Web-, Web-, ..
cookie , CGI- cookie (. 21.1), cookie.
cookie CGI-,
, ,
. 21.2.
Web-cepeep
Web-
. 21.1. cookie CGI
Web-
Web-
. 21.2. cookie
cookie?
cookie . ( ),
cookie . cookie
magic cookies ( cookie), ,
. CGI-cookie .
cookie
cookie CGI
cookie. :
$cookie_object=cookie{ -name => 1_,
-value => cookie_,
-expires => ^,
-path => __,
#
#
-domain => __, \
-secure => true/false

cookie .
cookie . Perl ,
: .
cookie
cookie ( ). header CGI, cookie . cookie -value. -name cookie ,
, .
expires, -path, -domain -secure .
21- . cookie
319
header CGI cookie . , , cookie, header. He -

, cookie .
cookie , CGI, :
#l/usr/bin/perl -w
use CGI qw(:all);
use strict;
my $cookie=cookie(-name => 'Sample',
-value => ' cookie ');

i cookie
print header(-cookie => $cookie};
cookie
Sample . cookie
cookie .
, cookie . cookie, (. " cookie" ).
cookie CGI-
cookie. ( ),
cookie, :
(!cookie_list=cookie(); f cookie
i cookie
$cookie_value=cookie{$cookie_name);
cookie CGI, , .. ,
cookie, .
cookie Sample, CGI-:
|!/usr/bin/perl -wT
use CGI qw{:all);
use s t r i c t ;
print headerf);
print " cookie 'Sample': ", cookie{'Sample'), "<P>";

cookie cookie, . .
cookie . cookie Sample . "" cookie " cookie" .
320
III. CGI- Perl

cookie. Netscape Preferences Advanced. Internet Explorer
(Advanced)
{Internet Options) , cookie.
: cookie
,
Web- .
, .
1. , ,
.
2. cookie .
3. .
4. CGI-, .
Web- 21.1.
21.1. ColorChanger
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
t!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use CGI qv(:all};
use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
ny($requested_color, $old_color, $color_cookie)=("","");
6:
7:
8:
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
2"2:
23:
24:
2 5:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
$old_color='blue"; I
I ?
if {defined param{'color')) {
$requested_color=param{'color');
}
I ?
if {defined cookie('bgcolor')) {
$old_color=cookie('bgcolor');
}
if ($requested_color and ($old_color ne $requested_color)) {
i cookie
$color_cookie=cookie(-name => 'bgcolor',
-value => $requested_color);
print header{-cookie => $color_cookie);
} else {
i , cookie
$requested_color=$old_color;
print header;
}
printEND_OF_HTHL;
<HTHL>
<BEAD>
<11,> </11.>
</BEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="$requested1color">
<FORM>
21- . cookie
321
32: <SELECT NAME="color">

33:
<OPTION value='red'>KpacHui
34:
35:
36:
37:
38:
39:
40:
41:
42:
<OPTIOS 1=''>
<OPTIOH 1='11'>
<OPTION value='white' >
</SELECT>
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT 1,=" ->
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
END OF HTML
| | ; ! ^ 1 .
710. CGI-
HTML-, param( 'color') . $requested_color .
1214.
cookie bgcolor ( !). , ( , cookie ) $old_color.
1519. ( cookie
), cookie .
2024. , cookie. ,
cookie .
2542. HTML.
30
HTML-.
: cookie
cookie, 21.2, CGI-,
cookie. cookie, Web-, Web-.
21.2. cookie
2:
3: use strict;
4: use CGI qv(:all);
5:
6: print header{);
7:
8: print " cookie, :<>";
9:
10: foreach my $cookie (cookie()} {
11:
print " cookie: $cookie <BR>";
12:
print qq{3Ha4eHfle cookie: "}, cookie($cookie}, qq{"<P><HR>};
: >
322
III. CGI- Perl
.
10. cookie
cookie $cookie.
11~12. cookie.

cookie cookie(),
cookie.

cookie
cookie .
cookie, . , , . , ( ) cookie, . cookie . ,
URL. (
.)
cookie
cookie : , cookie .
cookie HTML- .
cookie, , .

cookie ( , ).
CGi Perl .
cookie,
-expires. ,
cookie. ,
. 21.1.
21.1. cookie
+30s
30
+15
15
+12h
12
+6
+1
21- . cookie
323
. 21.1
now
cookie
-10m
cookie
Saturday,
28-Aug-2000 22:51:05 EEST
,
. 21.1. ,
. (
"" ) .
cookie, :
#l/usr/bin/perl -v
use CGI qw(:all);
use strict;
my $cookie=cookie(-name => 'Favorite',
-value => ' ',

-expires => '+8d' );
t cookie
print header(-cookie => $cookie);

.
cookie. , CGI-
cookie, , ( ) , .
, " cookie"
cookie. ,
, cookie .
cookie,
, ,
.
cookie .
cookie.
, cookie
" ". cookie . , cookie
, , .
, cookie
. , , , cookie, , .
, ,
Web-, , .
324
III. CGI- Perl
, , ,
cookie , . Netscape cookie cookies.txt, , . Internet Explorer cookie \Windows\Cookies.
cookie
cookie ,
. cookie " "
, . ,
Web- congo.com, .
Web-: www.congo.com shopping.congo.com (. 21.3). Web ( www.congo.com) ,
, , .
Web- www.congo.com HTML-
CGI-.
, . ,
www.congo.com, , . cookie, www.congo.com (. 21.4).
Web-
cookie,

wwv.congo.com
Web-
Web-
wvw.congo.com
Web-
Web-
shopping.congo.
. 21.3. Web-,

www.congo.con
shopping.Congo.
. 21.4. cookie

Web-,
, , www.congo.com
shopping.congo.com, cookie
shopping.congo.com. cookie , . cookie
www.congo.com, shopping.congo.com.
?
cookie shopping.congo.com.
. cookie . , www.congo.com cookie,
, Web- congo.com, . 21.5.
21- . cookie
325
Web-
cookie,

www.congo.con
Web-
Web-
shopping.congo.com
www.foo.com
www.congo.com
. 21.5. cookie,
Web-
cookie
-domain cookie:
$cookie=cookie( - => 'preferences',

-value => 'mysteries, horror',
-domain => 'congo.com'};
cookie preferences, congo.com.
cookie Web-, congo.com.
.
, .. .com
.net. ,
cookie .
cookie
cookie CGI. cookie URL, URL, CGI-. , , Web-, . 21.6.
-
ICGI-
( cgi-sales)
-
ICGI-
( cgi-engineering)
. 21.6. Web-, :

326
III. CGI- Perl
CGI-, ,
CGI- . CGI- cookie, CGI, . , , , CGI-, ,
cookie.
, -path cookie.
( URL ),
cookie . , cookie, CGI-,
:
i Cookie CGI-
$cookie=cookie{ -name => ' p r o f i l e ' ,
-value => ',,',
-path => ' / c g i - s a l e s ' ) ;
cookie ,
-path=>7'. " "
cookie, .. CGI-, -path
URL CGI-.
I cookie
$cookie=cookie( -name => ' p r o f i l e ' ,
-value => ',,',
-path => script_name{) J;
, script_name
CGI URL CGI-.
cookie, ,
cookie .
cookie
cookie . -secure cookie, cookie , . . cookie, , .
I !
$cookie=cookie( -name => 'account',
-value => '00-12-3-122-1313',
-secure => 1);
cookie cookie.
cookie ,
cookie .
f .
$account number=cookie{'account');
21- . cookie
327

.
. , Web-
cookie. He , cookie, ,
( ) , .
cookie
cookie ,
, .
""
Web- CGI-, cookie.
, cookie , , cookie ,
, , " ".
cookie
, cookie . , .
cookie, ,
"", - .
cookie -expire,
, .
cookie
, cookie. Internet,
HTTP- Web-, ,
cookie.
,
cookie ( ). , Netscape ( 1.1), Internet Explorer ( ), Lynx, Opera Web-,
cookie.
cookie.
user_agent CGI ,
cookie, .
cookie
, : ""
cookie?
Web- .
, Web- , . ,
, .
: .
, , Internet- . ( ) cookie
.
328
III. CGI- Perl
cookie Web- , .
,
.
, ,
(congo.com), , ""
,
.
. , , . -, ,
Web-. -
Web- (,
, Web-, congo.com), "" Web- ,
. , -
cookie, ,
Web-.
. "", Web-
Web- ""
"", .. Web- "" .
, , cookie .
cookie Web-.
cookie "" Web-,
. Web-, cookie,
,
cookie . ,
cookie, , . Web- ,
,
cookie.
, , cookie
, , ,
" ".
cookie ,
CGI-. , cookie ""
Web-, URL. ,
"" , cookie, , .
21- . cookie
329

cookie ?
cookie , - ,
:
$cookie=cookie(-name => 'preferences',
-value => 'bgcolor=blue,fgcolor=red,banners=no,java=no');
, cookie, split:
$cookie=cookie('preferences');
Goptions=split(/,/, $cookie);
I .
I '='
foreach $option (ioptions) {
($key,$value)=split(/=/, $option)
$Options{$key}=$value;
}
cookie , Web ?
, ,
cookie . .
1. < HREF> , CGI-, target URL:
< HREF="http://server/cgi/redirect.pl?target=http://www.congo.com">
Congo</A>
2. redirect.pl URL
(http://www.congo.com) target
param CGI:
$target_url=param('target');
3. cookie, URL. cookie
, cookie ( tracker):
$tracking_cookie=cookie(-name
=> 'tracker',
-value => $target_url,
-expires => '+lw');
4. redirect URL cookie:
print redirect(-uri => $target_url,
-cookie => $tracking_cookie);
, Web-, CGI-
cookie tracker, URL,
.
330
III. CGI- Perl
cookie Web-?
. redirect CGI ( header)

-cookie:
my $cookie=cookie(-name => 'target',
-value => ' foo.html');

print redirect(-uri => "http://www.server.com/foo.html",
-cookie => $cookie);

1. cookie
?
) cookie;
) cookie ;
) cookie .
2. -expire cookie,
cookie ,
?
) +7d;
) +lw;
) +10080.
3. cookie
?
) cookie
Web-, ;
) cookie ;
) cookie , .
1. .
2. ), ). +lw .
3. .
CGI-,
. ,
Web- <IMG>.
21- . cookie
331
22-
CGI
, Web, , .
, , .
, Perl- ,
Web-,
.
.
.
Internet.
UNIX
.
Web- .

Internet
Perl, , Internet.
Perl, Web (.. ""
NCSA) , , UNIX-to-UNIX copy (UUCP).
, ""
, , "" . "" "" , , (. 22.1)-
332
III. CGI- Perl
UUCP-
UUCP-
UUCP- UUCP-
. 22.1.
(store and forward).
UUCP ,
- .
""
, , ,
, .
.
(Simple Mail Transport Protocol SMTP), (. 22.2).

(Post Office Protocol POP), Internet (Internet
Message Access Protocol IMAP). SMTP.
SMTP
SMTP
. 22.2.

, (Mail Transport
Agent, ) , SMTP.
.
,
.
.
. - UNIX sendmail. sendmail , .
UNIX, :
$ /bin/echo "Subject:Test\n\nlIpHBeT, !" | sendmail fooebar.com
foo@bar.com.
sendmail : , ..
22- . CGI-
333
Microsoft Windows Macintosh . , Perl .

Net::SMTP , , SMTP. Internet "Mail Host", SMTP. -:
.
, . ,
, SMTP-, .
: , SMTP,
SMTP-
.
SMTP- , . ,
(Internet service provider ISP). ,
Web-, SMTP-
Web- . , .

sendjnail, Perl-. . -
. : . ,
, .
?
" ", , Perl-
.
(, ) . .
334

.
Internet.
.
, . ,
, Internet.
, , . .
III. CGI- Perl
( ). -, . ,
. -, ,
, . - , aol.com, hotmail.com,
. , ,
.
From:
Reply To: . Perl , , . , ,
.
.
, , .

.
(mailbombing) , , .
" ",
.
Internet / , .
, , , , , , .
: , - , , .
Internet . ,
,
. ,
.

Perl ,
CGI- . : , (, sendmail),
22- . CGI-
335
SMTP . ,
.
UNIX
UNIX
sendmail ( !), , .
- ( UNIX
sendmail) , . , 22.1, , .
UNIX, , " UNIX". - .
22.1. send mail

1: f {sendmail)
2: sub sendjnail {
3:
my($to, $from, $subject, f!body)=G_;
4:
5:
l
:
my $sendmail="/usr/lib/sendaail -t -oi -odq";
7:
8:
open(HAIL, "|$sendmail") ||
die " sendmail: $!";
9:
print MAILEND_OF_HEADER;
10: From: $from
11: To: $to
12: Subject: $subject
13:
14: END_OF_BEADER
15:
foreach (Gbody) {
16:
print MAIL "$_\n";
17:
}
18:
close(HAIL);
19: \
.
336
. Ssendmail
sendmail . ,
sendmail
.
8.
sendmail, Ssendmail. MAIL.
III. CGI- Perl
9~14. MAIL.
1517. MAIL.
\.
, :
(!<1=(", I", "!*);
send_mail('president9vhitehouse.gov', 'ovneregeeksalad.org',
'Taxes', Cbody);
, sendmail . , , " UNIX",
UNIX.
$sendmail sendraail . , /usr/lib, /usr/sbin /lib, .
whereis sendmail.
- , ,
.
, , , mail pine.
, , sendmail . , , .
22.1 sendmail , .
-t
(Prom, To, Subject ..) , .
-oi
, ,
.
.
-odq
sendmail ,
. . ,
. - -odq.
send_mail{) " ".
UNIX
Windows ,
- sendmail, . , Perl . .
: Perl Net::SMTP, ,
Perl-. , .
22- . CGI-
337
: Perl.
, . Net::SMTP libnet,
, . libnet
-.
" Perl"
Perl , UNIX, Windows
Macintosh. ,
,
.
sendjnail 22.2.
() , . .
22.2. sendjnail
1: I
2: sub send_mail {
3:
my($to, $from, $subject, body)=(!_;
4:
5:
use Net::SMTP;
6:
7:
j[ ,
8:
t
9:
my $relay="relayhost.yourisp.com";
10: $smtp = Net::SHTP->new($relay);
11: die " : $1" if (I defined $smtp);
12:
13:
$smtp->mail{$from);
14: $smtp->to($to);
15:
16:
$smtp->data(};
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
$smtp->datasend("To: $to\n");
$smtp->datasend("From: $from\nn);
$smtp->datasend("Subject: $subject\n");
$smtp->datasend("\n");
foreach(body} {
Samtp->datasend("$_\n");
}
24: $smtp->dataend(J; I : "s"

25:
$smtp->quit;
26: >
.
338
5. Net::SMTP, .
10. Net::SMTP, , 9.
III. CGI- Perl
1323.
. .
Net: :SMTP, .
, , :
gbody={", !", "1");
sendjnail('presidentdwhitehouse.gov, 'ovnerGgeeksalad.org',
'Taxes', dbody);
, , Ssratp = Net: :SMTP->new($relay).
, . ,
("") , .
$smtp , .
, ,
.
"" $smtp->mail($from).
-> , , , .
mail , $smtp,
.
Net::SMTP . , Net: :SMTP.
$smtp->mail(addr). mail , . " " .
$smtp->to(addr). to , .
to
.
, , :.
$smtp->data(). data , ,
$smtp->datasend(data). . (:, From:
..), , Date: Received:, . :
$smtp->datasend("\n"). ,
$smtp->datasend().
$smtp->dataend(). dataend ,
. ,
.
Ssmtp->quit(). SMTP-.
Web-
send_mail(},
"" Web- !
22- . CGI-
339
CGI-, "" .
HTML-, , 22.3. ,
"" .
22.3. HTML-
1: <1 /cgi-bin/mailer.cgi>
2: <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="/cgi-bin/mailer.cgi">
3: : <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=return_addr><BR>
4: : <INPOT TYPE=text NAME=subject><BR>
5: <BR>
: :<BR>
7: <TEXTAREA NAME=body ROWS=20 COLS=60 WRAP=hard>
8:
9: </TEXTAREA>
10: <BR>
11: <INPUT TYPE=SOBMIT VALUE="
12: </FORM>
CGI- . :
/bin/perl -v
use strict;
use CGI qv(:all);
use CGI::Carp qw{fatalsToBrowser);
#
send mail
I 22.1 22.2!
f
print header;
my $return=param("return_addr");
if (! defined $return or ! {return) {
print " e-mail<P>";
exit;
}
my $subject=param("subject");
if (! define $subject or ! {subject) {
print " <>";
exit;
}
t
t
send_mail('webmaster9mybost.com',
param($return),
param($subject),
param("body"));
print " .";
.
-, ,
sendmail, 22.1, 22.2.
340
III. CGI- Perl
, . -, , , :, ""
webmaster@myhost.com. , . ,
, :
Web-. - " ", , , .
.
, , Web-,
. :
<INPDT TYPE=radio NAME=target Value=l >
<INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=target 1=2>0
<INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=target 1=3>
CGI- :
$iormtarget=param('target');
%targets=( 1=> 'supportemyhost.com',
2=> 'salesGmyhost.com',
3=> 'legaiemyhost.com'};
if {exists($targets{$formtarget})) {
$target=$targets{$formtarget};
} else {
$target='webmastermyhost.com';
}
print $target;
,
Web- :. CGI - (
1-3), . , else ( ).

, , CGl- ,
, . : !
.
" " Internet
, . : !
, . 22.1
22.2, .
. , , .. " " . , , " ".
, ,
, , .
Internet RFC 822 . , -
22- . CGI-
341
RFC-822 , , , .
,
, . , /"[\v,]+\@([\w,-]\.)+\w+$/ . , me@somewhere.com. "" :
*qz.az
clintp!sol2!westwoodGdec.net
relay%mehost.com
"barney&fred"0flintstones.net
. , ,
RFC-822, 4 700 ,
.
,
Internet.
?

. -
- , ,
. , ,
.
,
Web-. send_mail(),
Perl- .
Internet .
, .
. , remote_host CGI, ,
. remotejiser (
Web-), ,
. , ""
,
Netscape Internet Explorer .
, , Web- , , Internet-, .
342
III. CGI- Perl
. ,
( at), .
{, postmaster, root) .
CGI-
From nobody... ?
, . sendraail .
"" Web-. Web- (ID) nobody, Web, httpd (
!) root - .
.
From:, .
?
MIME-, CPAN.

1. $foo=Net: :SMTP->new( 'mailhost')?
( , "
UNIX", , , .)
) ;
) , $foo,
SMTP-;
) Net: :SHTP.
2. () ?
) foo!bar!baz!quux.
) " "9bar.com.
) stuff%junk!"Wowzers"!foo.com!blat.
1. ).
), , Perl 4.
) ,
use Net::SMTP.
2. .
.
22- . CGI-
343
344
CGI- .
- .
( ,
Web-). ,
.
""
. , 19- , " ",
( )
( )
CGI- .
III. CGI- Perl
23-
Push-

Web-

CGI-. Web-
.
.
push- Web-.
Web-.
proxy- -.
push-
Web- . ,
.
Web-, CGI-, . , ,
, .
-, - CGI-.
90 , , ,
.
-, CGI- :
" 10% ", : " 20% " .. , ,
(- ),
Web-.
23- . Push- Web-
345.
, , ,
Web-, (. 23.1).
. 23.1. , Web-
push- {server push), ,
,
, .
Internet Explorer Microsoft
, push- . , Web-. Web-, Internet Explorer , push-, ,
(client pull).

Web- ,
. CGI , . CGI- " " . Web- CGI-, ( 500!). CGI- , . 23.2.
Web-
Web-
. 23.2.
346
III. CGI- Perl
CGI- "" Web-. , , Web-

Apache, , CGI-
nph-. , push.cgi CGI-
, nph-push.cgi CGI-
. Web- CGI-.
Internet Information Server (IIS) Microsoft
CGI- ; header
CGI . Web- I IS
.
, CGI- ,
Web- .
:
, Web-.
, 5
. Web-
, ""
(Stop), .
CGI , . Web-, , (multipart documents).
23.1 CGI- . , Web CGI- (.
).
23.1. CGI-
2:
3: use strict;
4: use CGI gw(:push -nph);
5:
6: $|=1; f
7:
8: print multipart_init;
9: while(l} {
10:
print multipart_start;
11:
print " <H1>", scalar{localtime), "</Hl>\n";
12:
print multipart_end;
13:
sleep 5;
14: }
.
4. CGI- , . , :push CGI. ,

CGI -nph.
23- . Push- Web-
347
8. multipart_init ,
Web-.
header Web-.
9. while(l) while,
.
10. multipartstart . ,
.
11. .
4- , " :
", localtime "Sun Sep 5 15:15:30 1999".
12. multipart_end .
multipart_start
.
, raultipart_init raultipart_end while.
: .
:

( 23.2), , /images. .
,
"" .
23.2.
1: #l/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use strict;
4: use CGI qv{:push -nph);
5: my($imagedir, GJPEGS);
6: \
7: $imagedir="/web/Clinton TeBt_Area/images";
8: opendir(ID, $imagedir) J| die " $imagedir: $1";
9: f!JPEGS=sort grep{/\.jpg$/, readdir ID);
10: closedir{ID};
11:
12: $[=1; t
13:
14: print multipart_init;
15: foreach my $image (SJPEGS) {
16:
print multipart start(-type => 'image/jpeg');
17:
18:
open(IMAGE, "$imagedir/$image") )|
die " $image: $!";
348
III. CGI- Per!
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
2.41 }
binmode(STDOUT); binmode(IMAGE); I Windows NT/95/98

print <IMAGE>;
close(IMAGE);
print multipartend;
sleep 5;
:
, 23.2, , 20- , "

HTML- CGI-", , 23.1.
, , 16:
multipart_start(-type => 'image/ jpeg'). , HTML Web- CGI-
JPEG. CGI-
JPEG-, HTML-, <IMG SRO.
Web- . HTML- , (
URL), . , HTML-, <HEAD> Web-,
http://foo.bar.com 6 .
< HTTP-EQUIV=Tefresh" C0NTENT="6;http://foo.bar.com">
CGI .
Web- -Refresh
header CGI ,
:
print header(-Refresh => '6;URL=http://foo.bar.com');

"". , , ( ), cookie , URL, , .. , .
,
Web- Perl- . ,
, , .
,
(
).
"" , Internet Explorer.

"" .
23- . Push- Web-
349
CGI-,
- . " "
.

Web- ,
. , Web-. . 23.3.
This Page Has Been Visited
. 23.3. Web-
. ,
? ,
"" . , ? . - Web-, , . , .
, . , . .
? , .
, , , , . ,
#1? ,
. , ,
,
. , . Web ,
Web- "", .
350
III. CGI- Perl
, , Web-, , . Web (
, Web-).
- , AltaVista, Google HotBot ? "" Web, "" ,
"" .
Refresh () Web-.
"" "". ,
, , ?
. 17- ,
" CGI", Web-.
, . 23.4.
Web- Internet (ISP), aol.com home.com , ISP , proxy-. Web-
Web-. Web-
proxy-, "" Internet . proxy-
"" (. 23.5). -
, proxy- Internet, a
( ) .

Proxy
Web-
^ .
. 23.4. Proxy- ""

Web-cepeep
Proxy
T ^
"-,
. 23,5. Proxy-
proxy- , .
remotejiost , ,
.
23- . Push- Web-
351
Web, , - (firewall),
proxy-. , ,
, proxy-.
, ,

, , ,
,
Web-. Web-:
. , , "" .
(server-side include ~ SSI),
20- , " HTML- CGI-". , ,
CGI- hits.cgi,
SSI :
<!fexec
cgi="/cgi-bin/hits.cgi">
CGI- 23.3.
23.3. Web-
1: j!/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use strict;
6:
7: my $semaphore_file='/tmp/webcount_lock';
8: my $counterfile='/web/httpd/countfile';
9: sub getlock {
10:
open(SEM, ">$semaphore_file")
11:
|j die "Be : $!";
12: flock(SEM, LOCK_EX) || die " : $!";
13: >
14: ft
16:
close(SEM);
17: }
18: get_lock{); f .
19: my $hits=0;
20: if ( open{CF, $counterfile) } {
21:
$hits=<CF>;
22:
close(CF);
23: }
24: $hits++; t 1.
25: print header;
26: print " $hits ";
27:
352
III. CGI- Perl
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
openfCF, ">$counterfile") j|
die " $counterfile: $!";
print CF $hits;
close(CF);
release lockQ;
)'1. * .
18: ,
.
2023. , $counterfile. .
2830. ,
$counterfile.
32. .
, 23.3,
.
, 15- , " Perl".
, Web-.
Web- ,
,
, .
.

, . . , ,
.
Web-.
CGI- Perl,
. GD, CPAN, Perl-. ,
. , GD
.
10 , 0 9.
HTML- <IHG>, (. 23.6). ,
, , . CGI-
Perl, 23.4, ,
: digit_O.jpg, digit_l.jpg .., digit 9.jpg.
23- . Push- Web-
353
<IMG SRC="digit_l.jpg">
<IMG SRC"digit_O.jpg">
<IMG SRC="digit_3.jpg">
<IKG SRC="digit_4.jpg">
1 0 3 4
. 23.6.
CGI-
, 20- , " HTML-
CGI-". , , CGI-
graphicalJiits.cgi, SSI :


Web-
23.4.
23.4. Web-
1: f !/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use strict;
4: use Fcntl qv(:flock);
S: use CGI gw(:all);
6:
7: my $lockfile='/tmp/webcount lock';
8: my $counterfile='/web/httpd7countfile';
9: my $image_url='http://www.server.com/images';
10:
11: sub get_lock {
12: open(SEM, ">$lockfile")
13:
|| die "He : $!";
14:
flock{SEH, LOCK EX) || die " : $!";
15: }
17:
close(SEM);
18: }
19: get_lock{); # .
20: my $hits=0;
21: if ( open(CF, $counterfile) ) {
22:
$hits=<CF>;
23:
close(CF);
24: }
25: $hits++;
26:
27: open(CF, ">$counterfile") ||
die " $counterfile: $!";
28: print CF $hits;
29: close(CF);
30: release_lock(); I
31:
32: jf <IMG>.
33: print header;
34: foreach my $digit (split(//, $hits)) {
35:
print "<IMG SRC=$image_url/digit_digit.jpg>";
36: }
354
III. CGI- Perl
I 23.4 23.3, .
9. $image_url URL . , URL, ,
, .
3435. $hits - , $digit.
<IMG>.

Web-.
(server push), Web-.
,

(client pull). , Web-, .
. -, push . -, Web-
CGI- . , , CGI- . CGI- ,
.
, Web-?
.
, . (. 20- , " HTML- CGI"). . POST HTML- , proxy-.

1. CGI
?
a) multipart start multipart_end.
23- . Push- Web-
355
) multipart_init, multipart_start multipart_end.

) push_start push_end.
2. ,
HTML-.
) ;
) .
3. Web- proxy- ?
) HTML-, POST;
) , ;
) CGI-.
1. ). multipart_init
Web-.
multipart_start multipart_end
.
2. ). , . , <> .
, -Refresh header ,
;
.
3. ). "
".
CGI- 23.3 (
23.4),
.
. ,
.
356
III. CGI- Perl
24-
Web-
CGI- Web- , , , .
Web ,
. Web- ,
- . , , .
-, Web-,
. , ,
. , .
, , ,
. Internet,
.
.
.
Web-.
Web- .

, , Web-,
, ,
. , Web-,
.
24- . Web-
357
: , , Web-, ""
. . . 24.1 , .
,

Web-
. 24.1. Web-,
, , V/- CGl- Web-. ,

.
:
.
. -, ,
, ( Web - ), , , . Web- .
Web-,
, , .
Internet.
Web, . Web ,
, .
, , .
,
, , .
358
III. CGI- Perl
, " " Web, .. ,

. , , .
, ""
.
, .
Web- Slashdot.Org, " ", , , Perl. ,

Web-,
. , ,
Web- FAQ http://www.slashdot.org.
: "
Slashdot.Org Web- .
1. CGI- headlines.cgi
Web-.
2. CGI- , . , .

""
Web-
Slashdot.Org.
3. CGI-
Web-.
"" Web- -
Web- LWP::Simple, Perl. LWP "" Internet : Web, FTP, ..
LWP::Simple libwww-perl.
"" Web-,
HTML- URL, Web- . ,
. libwww-perl -, .
LWP::Simple, "" Web-
:
use LWP::Simple qw(get);
$content=get("http://www.slashdot.org");
$content Web-, URL. , ?
24- . Web-
359
"" Slashdot 24.124.3. , Web-.
24.1. "" Slashdot: I

1: t!/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use strict;
4: use Fcntl gy(:flock);
5: use LWP::Simple qw(get);
7:
8J
9:
10:
11:
12:
my $url="http:/'/slashdot.org/slashdot.xml";
my $cache="/tmp/slashcache";
my $lockfile="/tmp/slashlock";
sub get_lock {
open(SEH, ">$lockfile")
13:
|| die " : $1";
14: flockjSEH, LOCK_EX) |[ die " : $!'
15: }
17: close(SEH);
18: }
\ .
36. . Fcntl, ,
.
LWP:: Simple, get,
"" Web- Slashdot. , ,
CGI, CGI-.
8. URL , .
:
<story>
<title>Ask Slashdot: Internet Voting?</title>
<url>http://slashdot.org/askslashdot/99/09/05/1732249.shtml</url>
<time>1999-09-05 21:34:36</time>
<author>Cliff</author>
<story>.

XML. , Perl-.
9. $cache , Slashdot.
Slashdot, , .
360
III. CGI- Perl
11-18. get_lock() 1_1()

, .
, , $cache, , , , .
24.2. "" Slashdot: II

19:
20: print header;
21: t - ,
22: get_lock();
23: if ( (not -e cache ) or < (-H $cache) > .04)} {
my $doc=get($url);
24:
if (defined $doc) {
25:
26:
open(CF, ">$cache") || die " : $1";
27:
print CF $doc;
28:
close(CF);
29:
30:
31: release lock();
32:
23. : -
60 , . - Perl Perl-. .
, , - 1; 6 , - 0.25 ( );
, - 0.0416666 ( 1/24).
24. get LWP::Simple URL, .

,
$doc, -. get
, undef, 25.
, get_lock() release_lock()
" " if. .
CGl- -, , , - .
24.3. "" Slashdot: III

33: print <H2>Slashdot.Org's Headlines as of ",
34:
scalar(gmtime((stat $cache)[9])),
35:
'GMT </B2>Updated HourlyKP>";
36:
37: open(CF, $cache) [j die " -: $!";
38: my($title, Slink);
39: while(<CP>) {
40:
if (m,<title>{.*)</title>,) {
24- . Web-
361
41:
$title=$l;
42:
}
43:
if (,<1>{.*)</1>,) {
44:
$link=$l;
45:
print qq<<A HREF="$link">$title</A><BR>\n};
46:
47:
>
48: }
49:
print " Slashdot.Org;",

" .
closefCF);
.
50:
.
3335.
-.
34. ,
. stat , $cache, .
9- ( ) . ,
, local time, .
4043. <title> <url> Slashdot.

URL $1, Stitle $link .
45. <url> <title>,

<url> $title $link
.

HTML-. , XML-
Slashdot ,
XML-. , , Slashdot, , .
, (.. )
, . 24.2.
, HTML, .
?
-. , ,
, . .
,
.
: , .
362
III. CGI- Perl
Web-
.txt. , ,
.

j$ Netccapi!
Ete
,Re
L
ahon[htp/
olo
acd
Seaidi
Netscape
Wealhel | Oe&MtNews \
AciivePaiHeip j !
Slashdot.Org's Headlines as of Sat Sep 11 19:10:36 1999

Updated Hourly!
Cloj; cut to Microsoft Ariii-Ti-;t Case
How Free is BIND 3 2?
Lmus 2 A Feahif t- Freeze
US-RusFia Joint Force to '. Missiles' YZK Problems
"White House Check; Out Open Source
Steaming Heap of Quickies
Compaq Announces Thin Ckettf RunTime LITAI:-;
CyViercoramurnsm and tbe Clift Culture
Ajiareesei't Ho Longer AOL
Aimsa di'Ofipm-f tilaiis for ntvv macbne
Copyright Slaahdot Org, used with permission
Document Done
. 24.2. slashdot.cgi
.txt, , , ,
. 24.3.
http //dial ru kiev ua/cqi-bin/dispsurv pi - M i c r o s . . . !
^
%&
Oîfflt

f
*~

'
. 24.3,
24- . Web-
363
, CGI , .
, .txt-
, CGI- . .
(Submit), CGI-,
, , . foo.txt, foo.answer. CGI- , .
I:
. , ,
,txt. ,
, , , .
24.4. , I
2:
3: use strict;
5: my($survey_dir);
6: $survey_dir="/web/htdocs/poll";
7:
8: sub find_last_file {
9:
my($type)=e_;
10:
my(gfiles, $last_file);
11:
It
12:
i .
13:
opendir{SD, $survey_dir) ||
die " $survey_dir: $1";
14:
efiles=reverse sort grep(/\.$type$/, readdir SD);
15:
closedir(SD);
16:
$last_file=$files[$#filesl;
17:
return($last_file);
18: }
19:
20: sub get_file_contents {
21:
my($type)=_;
22:
my(answers, $last file);
23:
24:
$last_file=find_last_file($type);
25:
26:
' return if (not defined $last file);
27:
I .
28:
open(QF, "$survey_dir/$last_file")
364
III. CGI- Perl
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34: )
|| die " $last_file: $I";

8answers=<QF>;
close(QF);
chomp ("answers; t
return(ânswers);
-
'} \~ ? .
6. $survey_dir , . , .txt , . Web-. 0755 UNIX

guest Windows NT.
8. find_last file{) ( .txt, .answer).

$survey_dir . get_file_contents(),
,
. ,
find_last_file(} .undef.
20. get_file_contents(} (- .txt .answer). . , find_last_file().
, 24.5, .
24.5. , I)
35:
36:
37: my($question, Sanswers)=get_file_contents("txt");
38:
39: print header;
40: print qq{<FORM ACTIOR="/cgi/writesurvey.cgi" HETHOD=POST>\n};
41: print ": $question<P>\n";
42: my $answer=0;
43: foreach{answers) {
44:
p r i n t -<INPtfT TYPE=RADIO NAME=answer value=$answer>";
45:
p r i n t "$_<BR>\n";
46:
$answer++;
47: )
48: print qq{<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="3anpoc">};
49: print qq{</FORM>};
_^^___^__^_____^_^^
36. .txt $question ânswers get file contents!).
24- . Web-
365
40 /cgi/writesurvey.cgi CGI- .
.
ânswers .
0, 1 .. ,
ânswers . :
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=answer value=0>Co6aKa<BR>
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=answer value=l>KoiDKa<BR>
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=answer value=2>Pu6KH<BR>
<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=answer value=3> <>

, CGI- answer, .
CGI- /cgi/writesurvey.cgi, (
40), .
.
II:
(Submit), . (.. )
, , .
, , ,
, . get_lock{) release_lock{), , get_file_contents()
find_last_file()
CGI-.
24.6.
: ,
.
24.6. , I
1: fl/usr/bin/perl -w
2:
3: use. strict;
4: use Fcntl qv(:flock);
6:
7: my($survey_dir, $lockfile);
8: $survey_dir="/web/htdocs/poll";
9: jlockfile="/tmp/surveylock";
10:
11: sub find last_file {
12:
my($type)=g_;
13:
my{files, $last_file);
14:
I ,
15:
* .
16:
opendir(SD, $survey_dir) |[
die " $survey dir: $1";
17:
files=reverse sort grep(/\.$type$/, readdir SD);
18:
closedir(SD);
366
III. CGI- Perl
19:
20:
21:
22:
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35:
36:
37:
38:
39:
40:
41:
42:
43:
44:
45:
$last_file=$files[$*files];
return{$last_file);
sub get_file_contents {
my(janswers7 $last_file);
$last_file=find_last_file($type);
return if (not defined $last_file);
#
open(QF, "$surveyjiir/$last_file")
|| die " $last_file: $!";
(!answers=<QF>;
close(QF);
chomp ânswers; i
return{ I! answers);
sub get_lock {
open SEM, ">$lockfile")
| die " : $1";
flock(SEM, LOCK_EX)
|| die " : $1";
sub release_lock {
close(SEH);
}
..
...
._
24.6 .
,
,
,
get_file_contents() find_last_file(), get_lock()
release_lock(). - , Web-
, $survey_dir).
, , 24.7.
24.7. , II
46: my{$question, eposs_answers)=get_Jile_contents{"txt");
47:
48: print header;
49:
50:
51: if (defined param("answer")) {
52:
my($lastfile);
53:
get_lock();
54:
t
55:
t .
56:
$lastfile=find_last_file("txt");
57:
$lastfile="s/txt/answer/;
58:
59:
open(ANS, "$survey_dir/$lastfile")
60:
|| die " $lastfile: $!";
24- . Web-
367
61:
print ANS param("answer"), "\n";
62:
close(ANS);
63:
release_lock{);
64: }
65:
66: my{ânswers)=getj! ile_contents("answer");
67: my(%results);
68: i
70: foreach(answers) {
71:
$results{$_}++;
72: }
73: my $ansno=0;
74: foreach my $ans (poss_answers) {
75:
$results{$ansno}=0 if (! exists $results{$ansno});
76:
print " '$ans' $results{$ansno} pa3<BR>";
77:
$ansno++;
78: }
:
46. $question @poss_answers.
50 , . ,
. , 53
get_lock(), ( !).
56 .txt- , first.txt.
.txt .answer, ..
first.answer. , , release_lock{ )c . .
66 get_file_contents()
. %results; 0,
1, 2 .., .
74 . %results , ,
0. 76.
. . 24.4 . , , CGI-
( ) , HTML- .
, CGI- , ,
( /web/htdocs/poll),
. Windows NT
, guest. UNIX chmod
, 0777. ,
,
.answer, Web-.

, , .
368
III. CGI- Peri
'' 1
' ' 3
'' 1
' ' 1
. 24.4.
, Web .
Web. , , . , ,
, Web- .

Web- , ?
, . ,
. , , , . , .txt- .answer-.
chmod .answer- .
, ,
?
. , . . 1999 Microsoft Ticketmaster, . Microsoft " " Ticketmaster, Ticketmaster . , " " .
.
24- . Web-
369
, ; -
Slashdot. XML-, .
HTML-. ?
HTML-,
, . HTML
, , . HTML-, . CPAN
HTML. HTML, .. HTML::*.

1. HTML- Web-?
) LWP;
) "" ;
) 'lynx -dump' 'netscape -print'.
2. get LWP::Simple ,
?
) "No Document";
) (.. "");
) undef.
1. ). ) ) ,
.
2. ). . , 24.2.
, . .gif- 1x1
. ,
.gif- :
<IMG SRC="small.gif" HEIGHT=20 WIDTH=2OO =""
.gif- .
: ,
. ,
370
III. CGI- Perl
, . , 100
40 ,
0,4, .
, 24.4, ,
. , ?
, ,
.
,
proxy- ( 23- , "Push- Web-")- ,
, , .
( , .
, , .)
24- . Web-
371
Perl
Perl ,
Perl. , .
,
, Perl. , perlmodinstall,
, OS/2 VMS.

.
CPAN,
http://www.perl.com/CPAN. , .
CPAN . ,
Image::Size , ;
Web-.
. , LWP Perl, libwww-perl.
CPAN. ,
. , libnet ,
. , LWP
libnet.
( .
372
-- , ,
Date::Manip CPAN. ,
Date::Manip.
...Windows 95/98/NT
Windows
, ActiveState Tool Corp, , ,
Perl .
Windows,
Perl Package Manager (PPM). ,
. ,
MS-DOS; Internet.
, . ; ,
ppm.bat, ActiveState Perl ,
.
C:\Windows>ppm
interactive shell (1.1.3) - type 'help' for available commands.

PPM>
, search,
. , ActiveState
CPAN; . , , , .
> search Date
Packages available from http://www.ActiveState.com/packages
Date-Calc
Date-Manip
TimeDate
PPH>
Date: :Manip,
install :
> install Date-Manip
Install package 'Date-Manip'?(y/N):
Installing C:\Perl\html\lib\Date\Manip.html
Installing C:\Perl\htmlhelp\pkg-Date-Hanip.html
Installing C:\Perl\htmlhelp\pkg-Date-Manip.hhc
Installing C:\Perl\site\lib\Date\Manip.pm
Writing C:\Perl\site\lib/auto/Date-Manip/.packlist
PPM>
Date: :Manip !
(,
Internet ), , , -
Perl
373
, Web- ActiveState http://vww.ActiveState.com.

ActiveState , Perl, .
, Microsoft Windows, . Pert
, ,
Perl Windows, . ,
, .
...UNIX, CPAN
UNIX ,
. ANSI
( , Perl)
( -). GNU gzip/gunzip; , UNIX, . , http://www.fsf.org.
, UNIX ( , Hewlett-Packard),
,
ANSI-. ,
GNU .
: root ,
Perl. Perl .
.
Perl CPAN, . , Perl
CPAN :
$ perl -MCPAN -e shell
, CPAN , "" Perl . , . ,
, CPAN ( ) Internet proxy-.
CPAN , :
cpan shell CPAN exploration and modules installation (vl.52)
ReadLine support available (try ' " i n s t a l l Bundle::CPAN''}
cpan>
i I'/,
. // . , Date: :Manip, :
cpan> i /Manip/
374
CPAN CPAN
. ,
. CPAN :
Distribution
Nodule
S/SB/SBECK/DateManip-5.39.tar.gz
Date::Manip
(S/SB/SBECK/DateHanip-5.39.tar.gz)
,
cpan> install Date::Manip
CPAN , , . ,
,
( # , ).
Running make for S/SB/SBECK/DateHanip-5.39.tar.gz
Fetching with Net::FTP: #

ftp://ftp.cpan.Org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SB/SBECK/DateManip-5.39.tar.gz
Fetching with Net::FTP: I
ftp://ftp.cpan.Org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SB/SBECK/CHECKSDHS
Checksum for /root/.cpan/sources/authors/id/S/SB/SBECK/DateManip-5.39.tar.gz ok
DateManip-5.39/
DateManip-5.39/t/
DateHanip-5.39/t/date_date_0.t
DateHanip-5.39/t/Hanip.cnf
DateManip-5.39/t/date.t
CPAN.pm: Going to build S/SB/SBECK/DateHanip-5.39.tar.gz
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Writing Makefile for Date::Manip
mkdir blib
*
mkdir blib/lib
mkdir blib/lib/Date
cp Manip.pod blib/lib/Date/Manip.pod
cp Hanip.pm blib/lib/Date/Manip.pm
mkdir blib/arch
mkdir blib/arch/auto
mkdir blib/arch/auto/Date
mkdir blib/arch/auto/Date/Manip
mkdir blib/lib/auto/Date
mkdir blib/lib/auto/Date/Manip
mkdir blib/man3
Manifying blib/man3/Date::Hanip-3
/usr/bin/make OK
Running make test #
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl -Iblib/arch -Iblib/lib -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.
6.0/i386-freebsd -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0 -e 'use Test::Harness qw(&runtests
$verbose); $verbose=0; runtests f!ARGV;' t/*.t
t/date
ok
t/date_date_O
ok
Files=31, Tests=839, 153 wallclock sees (139.67 cusr + 5.69 csys = 145.36 CPU)
Perl
375
/usr/bin/make test OK
Running make install i
Installing /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/Date/Hanip.pod
Installing /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.O/Date/Manip.pm
Installing /usr/local/man/man3/Date::Hanip.3
Writing /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6-.0/i386-freebsd/aiito/Date/Kanip/.packl
ist
Appending installation info to /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.Q/i386-freebsd/perllocal
.pod
/usr/bin/make install ~ OK
, , . , . ""!
...UNIX,
UNIX , CPAN,
.
.
CPAN , .
CPAN. tar, gzip. ,
Date: :Calc, , : Date-Calc-X.T.tar.gz. , , , :
$ gunzip Date-Calc-4.3.tar.gz
$ tar xf Date-Calc-4.3.tar.gz
Date-Calc-4.3.
cd :
$ perl Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Writing Makefile for Date::Calc
makefile, . , make :
$ make
mkdir blib
mkdir blib/lib
Hanifying blib/man3/Date::Calc.3
/usr/bin/make OK
.
, ,
. make test :
$ make test
PERL_DLJJONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl -Iblib/arch -Iblib/lib -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.
6.0/i386-freebsd -I/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0 -e 'use Test::Harness qw(Sruntests
376
$verbose); $verbose=0; runtests &ARGV;' t / * . t

t/fOOO
ok
t/fOOl
ok
t/fO33
ok
All t e s t s successful.
Files=34, Tests=1836, 11 wallclock sees ( 7.65 cusr +
/usr/bin/make t e s t ~ OK
1.10 csys =
8.75 CPU)
, , make test. ( )
. , .
root, .
$ su
Password: *******
i make install
Installing /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/i386-freebsd/auto/Date/Calc/Calc
.so
Appending installation info to /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i386-freebsd/perllocal
.pod
/usr/bin/make install OK
!

Macintosh
Macintosh . FAQ- MacPerl, (droplet), . FAQ- MacPerl http://www.macperl.com.
,

, . , . , , .
, , , .
Perl
.
-, , . ,
.
Perl
377
Microsoft Windows, , , , .
set :
> set root c:\myperl
> set build c:\myperl
c:\myperl.
UNIX, CPAN, makepl_arg :
H
> conf makepl_arg PREFIX= /horae/clintp/perl/lib"

, make,
, PREFIX .
$ perl Makefile.PL PREFIX="/home/clintp/perl/lib"
, , , /home/clintp/perl/lib/. , ,
.
,
. ,
Perl, . ,
Perl;
, . .
,

, , ,
use lib. ,
Date::Manip /home/clintp/perl/lib/
, , , .
/home
I/clintp
'/perl
I/lib
I/Date
Imanip.pm
, :
use l i b '/home/clintp/perl/lib'; i
else
use Date::Manip;
Perl, ,
.
, ,
.
378
Brooks, Frederic P., 103
CGI, 282; 285

, 325
,
325
, 284
, 289
, 288
, 287
Cookie, 336; 337
, 345

, 343
, 341
, 344
,
339
, 346
, 340
, 337
, 342
CPAN, 270
D
Droplet, 395
HTML, 282
#, 329
<FORM>, 297; 300
<INPUT>, 297
<TEXTAREA>, 297
Submit, 298
, 310
HTTP, 283
HTTPS, 302
I
IETF, 320
IIS, 286
IMAP, 351
Internet Engineering Task
Force, 320
Intranet, 282
IP-, 283
M
MacPerl, 193
Magic cookies, 337
Mail Transport Agent, 557
Microsoft Internet
Information Server, 286
MIME
, 323
, 323
MTA, 351
POP, 351
Proxy-, 369
Push-, 363
Telnet, 322
UNC, 102
Uniform Resource Locator,
283
Universal Naming
Convention, 102
URL, 283
User agent, 321
UUCP, 350
/
w
Web-, 283
Web-, 283
Web-
, 322
World Wide Web, 283
XML, 378
R
References, 218
Request For Comments, 320
RFC, 320
sendmail, 351
Server-side includes, 328
SMTP, 351
SSI, 328
,
329
, 351
, 119
, 366
, 120
, 59
, 136; 248
, 254
, 256
, 256
Web, 301
, 67
379
, 259
UNIX, 260
Windows NT, 260
, 261
, 260
, 260
, 261
,
263
, 370
, ., 103

, 328
, 185
, 56"

Web, 377
, 304
, 60
HTML, 282
STDIN, 100
, 173
, 173
, 100
, 84
use strict, 15a, 166; 177

, ,
365
, 395
, 375
undef, 72
380
, 300
, 323
, 57; 59
, 38
, 71
, 92
, 172; 178
, 173
, 173
, 178
, 179
, 178
, 180
, 173
, 116
, 52
, 117
ASCII, 71
chmod, 182
pwd, 178
Perl, 191
, 47
, 195
,
195
, 90
, 51
, 87; 88
, 57; 52
, 52
, 52
_FILE__, 274
_ L I N E _ , 274
, 155
, /55
, 185
, 91
, 83; 85
@_, 223
@ARGV, 215
, 224
, 83; 128
, 225
, 86
, 86
, 87

, 92
, 169
, 87
, 93; 169
, 94
, 114; 115
, 120
, 116
, 117
, 116
, 116
, 115
, 78

, 367

, 367
, 179; 234
CGI, 300
PAN, 392
Cwd, 179
Data::Dumper, 140; 228;
265
diagnostics, 242
English, 242
File::Copy, 241
FiIe::Find, 238
GD, 371
HTML::*, 388
1::2, 202
LWP::Simple, 377
Net::Ping, 241
Net::SMTP, 352; 355
Tie::IxHash, 140
, 390
, 238
,
236
, 243

, 142;
146
, 152
, 152
, 124
, 357
, 54
, 60
... 84
<=>, 94
<STDIN>, 60
=~, 122
chomp, 61
cmp, 94
else, 68
exit, 78
for, 75
foreach, 92
glob, 175
if, 67
int. 69
last, 77; 139

local, 151
my, 147; 148
next, 77
q, 54
qq, 54
qw, #4
qx1', /95
qx{}, 194
require, 246
return, 143; 144
sort, 166
tr///, 162
use, Z?5
use Cwd, 179
use strict, /52
while, 75
y//A /
, #4
, 90
-, /29
, 57
, 72
, 56
, 69
, 70
, 58; 90
, 120
, 120; 193
, 123
, 123
, 122
, 67
, 67
, 57
, 104
, 59
, 77
, 66
, 104
, 57
,
199
,
227
, 205
, 211
[h, 207
b, 209
c, 209
d, 209
h, 207
1, 208; 209
,207
q, 211
, 209
s, 210
, 228
, 207
,
209
,
207
, 209
,
208
, 208
, 209
, 209
, 209
,
210
,
365
, 164
gzip, 42
libnet, 356
libwww-perl, 377
MacPerl, 43
, 224
, 172
, 332
, 161
$!, 104
$#_, 87
$_, 55; 93; 105
SARG, 242
@_, 145
, 147
, 55
, 151
, 147
, 147
, 51; 54

, 179
, 332
,
197
, 198
, 162
, 142
,
222
, 223
, 223
, /55
, 120
Web-,
327
,
321
2000, 91

, 103
-,
198
chmod, 49
EDIT.EXE, 45
gunzip, 42
man, 44
perl doc, 43
381
sendmail, 351
Shuck, 44
Stufflt Expander, 43
, 212
HTTP, 320
, 322
,
320
, 102
, 220
,
93;
, 775
, 755
, 208
, 161
, 218
, 283
Perl, 39
Macintosh, 43
UNIX, 41
Windows, 41
grep, 176
perldoc, 59
PPM, 245
telnet, 322
, 375
, 352
, 282
$,54
@, 83; 87
, 720
, 120
, 57
, 158

,
102
, 83, 131
, 352
, 219
, 222
, 221
, 221
, 218
, 167
, 52; 105
, 227
,
368
, 371
, 370
382
, 772
, 172
cookie, 336
, 345

, 343
, 341
, 344
, 339
, 346
, 340
, 337
, 342
cookies.txt, 343
DBM, 140; 248
stable.tar.gz, 42
, 109
, 112
, 100
STDERR, 109
STDIN, 109
STDOUT, 109
, 107
, 90; 105
, 240
, 108
, 174
, 100
, 181
, 181
,
258
, 238
,
183
, 182
., 236

, 257
, 257
, 262
, 110
, 180
, 258
, 104
, 755
ActiveState Tool, 41
, 296
GET,
300
POST,
300
, 299
, 142
binmode, 109; 324
chdir, 179
chmod, 183
chomp, 89; 105
close, 102; 107
closedir, 173
cookie, 337; 341
copy, 241
cwd, 179, 235; 236
dbmclose, 249
dbmopen, 249
delete, 133
die, 101; 104
each, 251
escape, 327
exists, 133
fastgetcwd, 236
find, 238
flock, 260
get, 378
getc, 772
getcwd, 236
glob
, 176
grep, 124; 257
header, 323
index, 159
keys, 130
length, 160
localtime, 90; 330
map, 125
mkdir, 179; 183
move, 241
multipart_end, 366
multipart_init, 366
multipart_start, 366
open, 101
opendir, 173
param, 299; 326
pingecho, 242
pop, 167
print, 107; 109; 162
printf, 163
push, 140; 167; 256
rand, 69
readdir, 173
redirect, 333; 348
referer, 331
remote_host, 331; 360
remote_user, 360
reverse, 95; 131
rindex, 160
rmdir, 180
scalar, 89
script_name, 331; 345
seek, 258
send_mail, 354; 355; 357
server_name, 331
sort, 94; 136
splice, 169; 256
split, 92
sprintf, 164
stat, 183
substr, 161
system(), 191

, 192
,
193
tell. 258
unlink, 180
unshift, 256
user_agent, 331
values, 131
virtual_host, 331
warn, 104

, 331
, 146
rand, 96
, 83; 128
, 224
, 130
, 131
, 132
, 129
, 136
, 133
, 74
for, 75
foreach, 92
while, 75; 105
, 52
, 79
, 156
, 114
, 119
, 119

, 350
, 351
UNIX, 354
Web-, 357
UNIX, 355
sendmail, 354
SMTP, 355
, 310

, 38; 190
383
Perl
24
"".
101509, , . , . 43, . 1.
. . 090230 23.06.99
.
12.02.01. 70x100/16.
Times. . .
.-. . 21,86. . . . 26,23. . 4000 . 15.
,
.
197110, -, ., 15.

Perl Perl 24 Hours

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SAMS

Perl 24 . : . . : . . . : "", 2001. 384 .: . . . .

ISBN 5-8459-0097-2 (.)

III. CGI- PERL

III. CGl- PERL

20- . HTML- CGI-

23- . Push- Web-

' (Larry Wall) Per!. . .

Practical Extraction and Report Language,

Perl , 5 5.004, 5.005, 5.6 .. Perl

Perl Windows 95/98/NT

ActivePerl Build 613 Setup

5.6.0 Build: 613 Built: 03/24/2000

- ActiveState Perl. Perl - Web- ActiveState.

General Questions Rbout Perl

. 1.4. Shuck MacPerl

Can't open perl script hello: A file or directory does

syntax error , Perl ,

Mac Perl, Run "hello"

" : \" \", : \"!\ ."

, . , 2 , 54*$r, "Java", sin($pi*8) $t=6. . , , , . ,

Perl. 1 , " Perl", , perldoc, Perl.

3: print " ? ";

7: print " ? ( 7% .07) ";

18:$total=$pmt * ( ( 1 + $interest) ** ($mons -1) )/ Sinterest;

2 0 : p r i n t " $mons $interest \n";

2- , " Perl: ", . , .

print ' $ 5.';

print " ";

1011. $guess , $im_thinking_of, .

, $first $last . 1- , " Perl", , , Perl ,

2. Scounter < 10. , .

for ( $=0; $<10; $=$+2 J {

print " pil" if ( $ratio != 3.14159);

print " $i $j 140\n

last, Perl next. , :

print " $i $j 140\n";

910. for $value. , 4 2 2, 2

() || (() and ()) or

$last_pet=('', '', '', '', '');

print " $\";

Print " $flavor";

ewords=split(/ /, " ");

12. Gblankword . Gblankword {0}

open , MYFILE if.

Windows MS-DOS , \Windows\users\pierse\novel.txt. , , ,

open (MYFILE, "\Windows\users\pierse\novel.txt ") || die; t !

(/home/foo UNIX c:/windows/win.ini

|| die " $ ! " ;

if (! Print LOGF " ", scalar(localtime), "\n") {

12- , " Perl", ,

. 15- , " Perl". ,

$pat=<STDIN>; chomp $pat;

/"Frankly. *darn$/ , Frankly darn. ,

89. s/\s*(lbs? |?) .*//i lbs

14. , $_, 1/6 .

$weight=~/ lbs//; f $weight

s/(\d{3})-(\d{3})-(\d{4})/Kofl $1, $2-$3/;

print " $1";

t!hounds=grep /hound/, dogs;

?dogs $_, /hound/. , , grep

' f r u i t ' , 'pear',

5: edifference=grep{! $seen{$_}, ipols);

. 4- , " : ", sort ASCII.

, . , 2 , 54$r, "Java", sin($pi8) $t=6. . , , , . ,

89. s/\s(lbs? |?) .//i lbs