Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2005
II
Elizabeth Hull, BSc, PhD, CEng, FBCS
School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster
Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, UK
Kenneth Jackson, BSc, MSc, MBCS
Telelogic UK Ltd., Oxford, UK
Jeremy Dick, BSc(Eng), ACGI, DPhil, DIC, MA
Telelogic UK Ltd., Oxford, UK
III
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1
4
6
7
11
16
19
20
23
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
................................ 25
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
...................................................................................................
..................................................................................
....................................................................
2.3.1 ...................................
2.3.2 ...............................
.................
2.4.1 ............................................................................
2.4.2 ...................
.........................................
2.5.1 ...................................................................
2.5.2 ..................................................................
2.5.3 ..........................................................................
2.5.4 .............................................................
2.5.5 .......................
............................................................
2.6.1 ...............................................................
2.6.2 ..........................................................
2.6.3 ......................
...............................................................................................
25
25
28
30
31
32
32
33
35
35
37
38
39
40
41
41
43
45
48
... 50
3.1
3.2
................................................................................................... 50
.................... 51
3.3
3.4
...................................................................................................
.................................................................
......................................................
......................................................
.....................................................................
...................................
.............................................................................
.....................................................................................
.............................................................................
.......................................................................
....................................
...............................................................................................
84
85
86
87
88
89
91
92
95
98
99
101
........................ 103
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
51
58
59
60
63
63
74
76
81
83
............................................. 84
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
3.2.1 .....................................................
3.2.2 - .................................................
3.2.3 ................................................................
3.2.4 - ...................................
.......................................................................................................
3.3.1 .....................................................................
3.3.2 - .....................................
3.3.3 UML .................................................................................
3.3.4 .................................................................
...............................................................................................
IX
? ................................................................
......................................................
............................................
......................................................................
5.4.1 ...............................
5.4.2 ...................................
5.4.3 ..................................................
...........................................................................
5.5.1 ............................................................
5.5.2 .........................................................................
5.5.3 ............................................
5.5.4 ...........................................
...............................................................................................
103
105
106
106
106
109
113
114
115
118
125
127
128
........................ 129
6.1
? ................................................................ 129
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
.............
6.2.1 .................................................
6.2.2
..........................................
6.2.3 ........................................................
6.2.4 ............................................
6.2.5 ......................
6.2.6
..................................................................
.....................................................................
6.3.1 ........................
6.3.2
.........................................
..........................................
...............................................................................................
132
139
142
147
149
149
150
151
152
153
............................................ 154
...................................................................................................
..............................................................................
.................................................................
................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..................................
................................................................
..............
.........................................
7.9.1 .....................................
7.9.2 ...................................
7.10 ......................................................
7.11 ...................................................................
7.11.1 ...........................................................................................
7.11.2 ..........................................................................................
7.11.3 ....................................................................................
7.11.4 ............................................................................
7.11.5 ....................................................................
7.12 ...............................................................................................
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
131
132
154
154
157
161
162
163
164
164
165
165
165
166
172
173
173
173
174
176
179
.................. 180
8.1
8.2
......................................................................... 180
......... 182
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.2.1 .........................................................................................
- ..................
8.3.1 ...............................................................................
8.3.2 ..................................
8.3.3 .....................................................................................
- .................
8.4.1 ..............................
8.4.2 ..................................................................
- ...........
8.5.1 ...............................................................................
8.5.2 ..................................
8.5.3 .....................................................................................
...............................................................................................
8.6.1 ...............................................................................
8.6.2 ..................................
8.6.3 .....................................................................................
XI
183
184
184
187
187
189
190
194
197
197
201
202
203
203
204
204
205
205
206
208
208
208
211
214
214
215
215
216
216
216
217
217
217
218
221
223
224
........................................................................................... 226
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;
;
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58
;
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3.2.2 -
,
, , , ,
, . (Entity-relationship diagrams ERDs)
, .
- (Chen) 1976
ERD.
.
, ,
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(,
Y, X Y).
- ,
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.
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59
3.2.3
.
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60
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61
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62
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:
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(generalization);
.
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63
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(stakeholders);
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64
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(Controlled Requirements Expression CORE)
.
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65
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].
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(Aircraft
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,
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.
66
. 3.16 .
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Tabular Collection Form), 3.1.
3.1
(-)
(-)
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67
3.2 (TCF)
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Single Viewpoint Models). ,
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68
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CORE .
,
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(Structured Analysis and Design
Technique SADT) (Ross),
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.
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69
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70
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(Sommerville), 1996] ,
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71
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72
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73
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1.2.1
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.
74
. 3.23 .
3.3.2 -
80- 90- -
(-) , - .
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- ( = object-oriented analysis),
(OMT = object-oriented technique), (Booch)
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75
(Coad) (Yourdon).
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modeling). ,
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(Booch, 1994) -
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(incremental
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.
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76
. ,
.
(state transition diagrams)
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UML
UML (OMG, 2003)
- ,
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UML. , 1997 UML 1.0
, OMG- (Object
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UML 2.0, 2003 .
UML .
3.3.3 UML
UML ,
.
.
UML-, :
(structure) ;
(behaviour);
(interaction).
77
. 3.24 13 , UML 2
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79
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.
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), (shareholders),
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80
. 3.28 .
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UML
.
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81
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82
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Z (Spivey, 1989), VDM (Jones, 1896), LOTOS (Bjorner, 1987) B (Abrial, 1996)
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105
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106
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Requirements Engineering
Second Edition
Springer-2005
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