CONFORMAL MAPPING

V. V. SILVESTROV

. .
A definition, properties
and examples of conformal mappings are given.
Basic problems of the
theory of conformal mappings and their applicability for solving certain
problems are discussed.
,

,
fl fl fl
.

. .. fl,

,
, , ,
, .
, ,

,
. , , ,
. , ,
.

,
, .

, z = x +
+ iy (x, y R, i2 = 1)
M(x; y) z = ( x; y )
,

Oxy, .
z z
z. z = x + iy a = + i -

.., 1999

z a , () M(x; y) a = ( ; ).
, a w = z + a.
w z
.
z z = r (cos + i sin ),
r = | z | ( z ), = arg z (
Ox z ).

..

97

w
|z z0|

r
z

|w z0|

z0

r
. 2

. 1

w r,
+ (. 1),
w = r (cos( + ) + i sin( + )) =
= r (cos + i sin )(cos + i sin ),
w = (cos +
+ i sin )z. , , , , w = (cos + i sin )z = z.
, k (k 0),
k (k > 0), w = kz.
z0 z z z0 . , = /2 z0 = 1 + i

w = cos --2- + i sin --2- ( z 1 i ) = iz + 1 i,

w = (z 1 i) = z + 1 + i.
,
, , k (k > 0) z0 ,
z w, z
, z0 , |z z0 | |w z0 | = k (. 2).
w = z0 +
+ k ( z z 0 ). , ()
|z z0 | = R,
k = R 2
z0 , w = z0 +
2
+ R ( z z 0 ). ax + by = c, ,

98

b a 2abi
2c ( a + bi )
-.
w = ---------------------------------z
+ -----------------------2
2
2
2
a +b
a +b
2

,
y = 0 w = z . , ( ), (
). , |z 1 i| = 1 z0 = 1 + i
1 w = 1 + i +
+ 1 ( z 1 + i ), , ,
, z = 0 :
1
1
w = 1 + i + --------------- = --- ( 1 + i ).
1 + i 2
w = 1/z w = ( 1 z ), , w =
= f2( f1(z)) f 1 ( z ) = 1 z , f 2 ( z ) = z . , , w = 1/z, () ():
|z| = 1
. , w = 1/z, .
, , .
n- . n $ 3
, , .
1. , , , ,
, ,
, , , .
2. , : 1)
w = az + b a, b
(a 0) ,
: w1 = | a | z,

, 12, 1999

w2 = (cos + isin)w1 = arga,

w = w2 + b; 2) -
w = (az + b)/(cz + d) a, b, c, d (ad bc 0) ,
, ,
w =
= 1/z .

w = f(z) D
z0 D,
.
( ) z0 w = f(z)
, z
z0 | f(z) f(z0)|/|z z0 |
f(z) f(z0) z z0
z z0
k, z z0 . k z0 w = f(z). ()
z0 w = f(z)
, 1 , 2 , D z0 ( z0 , ),

1 , 2 , w0 = f(z0)
(. 3).
.
, ,

.
D ,
.
, , -

, .
, z
z0 ,
w = f(z)

w0 = f(z0) (. . 3).
, , k .
,
,
,
.
, .
()
, .
,
,
, .
,
, , .
, ,
|z| < 1
Imz > 0, .
.
, , .
,
(,

v
2
2

z0

w = f(z)

w0
x

1
u

. 3

..

99

 ),
. ,
, .

En n > 2, , .
En n > 2 .

, .
.
, , .
, ,
,
, .
, ,
2 F ( x, y ) 2 F ( x, y )
- = 0.
---------------------- + ---------------------2
2
y
x
x, y
u, ,
f(z), .

w = f(z) = u + i (,
..),
, .
.

,
, , , - , , ..

,

, .
, ,
( En
n > 2) ( )

. , , .

,
.
, -
az + b
w = --------------- ,
cz + d

ad bc 0,

(1)

. C = C { } .

( ),
, ,
. ( ) - z1 , z2
, w1 , w2
.
,
-
,
, .
, (1) w ( ) = lim w ( z ) = a/c.
z

- , ,
v

z1 = i

a, b, c, d C,

1+i

z2 = 1

z3 = 2 + i

w1 =

w3 = 2 + i
w2 = 1 + i

. 4

100

, 12, 1999

v1

v2
i

1 = iz

2 = 1

3 = e2

1
x

u1

u2

v3
v
i

3 = e 2

w = w(3)

u3

. 5

,
.

|z 1 i| = 1, Imz # 1 (. 4) w = 2z/(z i). z1 = i,
z2 = 1, z3 = 2 + i, w1 = , w2 = 1 + i,
w3 = 2 + i. w1 , w2 , w3
w1 , w3
w2 . w3 ,
w2 . ,
|z 1 i| = 1 , w2 , w3 , , ,
, .
-

,
. z1 , z2 , z3 ,
z1 z3 z2 ,
w1 , w2 , w3 ,

w w w3 w2 z z1 z3 z2
---------------1 ---------------- = ------------ --------------,
w w2 w3 w1 z z2 z3 z1

(2)

w, - w = w(z), .
zk wk ,

----
1. , |z 1 i| < 1 Imz > 1 (.

..

. 4) , z1 = i,
z2 = 1, z3 = 2 + i w1 = , w2 = 1 + i, w3 = 2 + i.
w = 2z/(z i), w1 = , w2 = i, w3 = 1 + i,
w = (z + i)/(z i). zk wk , , .

|z| < 1 .
, ,
za
w = ( cos + i sin ) --------------,
1 az

(3)

R, a C |a| < 1. |z| < 1 [1, . III],

, |z| = 1 , , (3), ,
.

. , , ,
[14]. , w = z / 0 < argz <
0 < argw < , w = e z
0 < Imz <
.
,

101

 . , 0 < Rez < 1 |z| < 1 (. 5):

1 = cos --2- + i sin --2- z = iz,

2 = 1 , 3 = e 2 - w = w(3), , 0, 1

1, i, 1 , , (2),
w 1 1 i 3 1 0
------------ ---------------- = --------------- ------------- ,
w i 1 1 3 0 1
w = (3 1 i)/(3 1 + i). ,

3 = e 2 = e 1 = e , w =
= (eiz 1 i)/(eiz 1 + i).
, ,
,
.
3. - :

102

iz

1) /4 < argz < /3

Rez > 0, |z + 1 i| > 1; 2) ,
y = x, y = x + 1, Imz < 0 |z + i| < 1.

1. .. . .: , 1967. 444 .
2. .., .. . .: , 1987. 688 .
3. ., . . .: - . ., 1963.
4. .., .. . : . , 1970. 252 .

* * *
, - , , .
. .. .
. 60 .

, 12, 1999