- ,

.
. * } (, ) ,
. -
.
.
(25-40).
, .
,
.
, .
,
( ) .

. ,
1
.
:
( 1 ) . ,
,
;
( 2 ) , ,
.

.

D . Damrosch, "Leviticus," in The Literary Guide to the Bible, ed. by R. Alter and F.
Kermode (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 66. . : G.J. Wenham,
"Leviticus," ISBE2,4:111; Young, Introduction, p. 75; Archer, Survey, p. 227; J.E. Hartley,
"Leviticus," in Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old
Testament, 2nd ed., ed. by W.S. Lasor, D.A. Hubbard, and F.W. Bush (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1996), pp. 80-81; Harrison, Introduction, p. 589.

.
, ( . 16:1),
( 19:1)
, , ( . 40:17).
, ( . 10:11).
,
(7:38; 25:1; 26:46; 27:34).
, ,
, 10.

,
. 19:1
10:10. 19-24
,
: ( ) ( 1 - 1 7 ) ; ( )
(18-25); ( )
, ( 26).
,
.
- . ,
.
, ,
(26:1-13). ,
,
(26:13-46).
, (11:45;
2
18:3; 23:43).

, , ,

. ( 1-11), (
1 2 - 1 6 ) ( 1 7 - 2 4 )
: , .
,
,
3
.
,

2

. Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2, 4:116; Hartley, "Leviticus," p. 81; Harrison,

Introduction, p. 589.
3
W.W. Hallo, "Leviticus and Ancient Near Eastern Literature," in The Torah: A
Modem Commentary (New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1981),
pp. 740-741.

103

104

.
. , , ,
,
.
. ( )
( ) , ,
. ,
.

,
,

.

, . ,
, ,
. 1-11 ,
, - , - .

, .

4
.
,
5
, 12-16.
...
. , ...
, -
.
, ,
, ( ) , . ,
,
,
. ,

6
, .

, ,
. ( .
10:10; . Ur-Nammy,4; Eshnunna, 129,133; Assyrian, 13-16,23; Hittite, 197ff.).
( . 10:11-21; 18:6-18; . H a m m u r a b i ,
154-158; H i t t i t e , 189-195), ( . 18:22; 20:13; . Assyrian,
20) ( . 18:23; 20:15-16; . H i t t i t e laws, 199-200). ,
, .
, ,
(20:26).
,
,
.

, . 743.

, . 744.

105

(. . 17:14; 24:4; 34:27),
,
. ,
. .
(1)
/ (1:1; 4:1; 5:14; 6:1,8,19,24; 7:22,28; 8:1; 10:8; 11:1; 12:1; 13:1;
14:1,33; 15:1; 16:1; 17:1; 18:1; 19:1; 20:1; 21:1,16; 22:1,17;22:26; 23:1,9,23,26,33;
24:1,13; 25:1; 27:1). .
(11:1; 13:1; 14:33; 15:1).
(10:8).
7
.
, .
, , ,
, (13:46);
(17:1-9); , ,
(14:34; 18:3; 23:10; 25:2) ,
, .
(2)
,
, ,
.
(3) ,
, .
, (. 9-10; . 13:23-31),
. ,
( . 13). ,
, ,
( . 18:26-31), ,
, (. 8:15).
( 4 ) ( .
22:26 . 10:10; . 20:11 . 18:5; . 34 . 26). ,
( ) ,
,
8
.
( 5 ) , ,
,
,
9
, .

. Dillard and Longman, Introduction, p. 74.

Wenham, "Leviticus," ABD, 4:112. .
.
9
Archer, Survey, p. 230.
8

,

.

106

. ,
.
. ,
,
-
. ,
(17:1-9),
(4 . 23).
,
(. 1 3 : 1 6 . ; 1 . 16:2),
,
. ,
( 23). ,

. ( V I I ..)

(V ..) .
,
.
(., 8-10, 16) , ,
( 1-7; 11-15; 17-26; 27)
. , ,
,
10
.
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
11
.

: ; ,
. ,

. : ,
10

Y. Kaufman, The Religion of Israel (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960),

p. 178.
11

Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2,4:112; cp. G.J. Wenham, The Book of Leviticus (Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979). . Dillard and Longman, Introduction, p. 74; Harrison,
Introduction, pp. 591-593.

, .

107

,
.

12

1 : 1 - 7:38

7:37-38

8 : 1 - 10:20

10:20

...

11:1 -47

11:46-47

, /

12:1 -8

12:76-8

13:1 - 1 4 : 5 7

14:54-57

15:1 -33

15:32-33

16:1 -34

16:346

17:1 - 2 1 : 2 4

21:24

...

22:1 - 2 3 : 4 4

23:44

...

24:1 -23

24:236

...

25:1 - 2 6 : 4 6

,
,

26:46

,
,

27:1 -34

27:34

,

.

12

. J.H. Hayes, "Leveiticus," in Harper's Bible Commentary, ed. by J.L. Mays

(San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988), p. 157.

Ik

108

: [ ...] + +
[ ...],
,
- ,
, .
:
X: ... + +
.... :

10

...

X...

1 3

: 1-16
17-27. 1-16 ,
17-27 .
.

11

I.

1:1-16:36

A.

1:1-7:38

8:1-10:20

B.

11:1-15:32

16:1-34

II.

17:1-27:21

A.

17:1-20:27

. , 2 1 : 1 - 2 6 : 2
B.

26:3-46

27:1-34

13

. , : Westermann, Basic Forms of Prophetic

Speech (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1967); J.F. Ross, "The Prophet as Yahweh's
Messenger," Israel's Prophetic Heritage: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg, ed. by
B.W. Anderson and W. Harrelson (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1962), pp. 88-109.

-- .
(8:1-10:20)
(1:1-7:38) (11:1-15:32).
( 16)
(17:1-21:24).
(24:10-23)
,
(25:1-26:46). ,
( ) ( 27).
,
,

.
, ,
( 1)
, ( 27).
, , 1:1-6:7
,
, , 6:8-7:38
( ) ,
. ,
(8:1-10:20). ,
(11:1-15:32).

- ( 16).
(17:1-26:2).
, 17-26 -
, . 17:1-2
; 17:3-20:27
, .
, 21:1-26:2
, ,
. , ,
,
(26:3-46). , ,
,
14
, (27:1-34).
,
, 19,
15
.
14

. : Young, Introduction, pp. 76-78;

Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2, 4:111; Hartley, "Leviticus," p. 82; Hallo, "Leviticus and
ANEliterature," p. 744; Harrison, Introduction, p. 590; S.E. Balentine, The Torah's Vision
of Holiness (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999), pp. 169-170.
15
M. Douglas, "The Forbidden Animals in Leviticus,"/SOr59 (1993): 9-12.

109

110

11

27:
/

1-9: /

26: :
/

/
: 25

10:

: 24

11-15:
/

,
: 23

16:

/
: 2 1 - 2 2

17: :
18:
,

, : 20

9: :

, ,
, , ,
16
.
,
:
, , ,

- 19, -
, .
(
18:6-19 20:11-22)
(18:21 20:11-22)
- 19. ,
,
25 , ,
, (25:23) (25:55).
- 26,
19 - ,
.
, . 9.

,
:
, ,
. 27 ,

, ,
17
, (27:26).

18
, 17 18-26,
,
,
19
.

20

, ,
21
, , .

-
, -
,
Sitz im Leben ( ) . Sitz im Leben
( ) ,
.
, ,
, , ,
22
, .

, (40:33-38)
. 336 ,
. 34-35 ,
. 36-38 ,
,
- ( ),
, . 1:1 ,
40:35. ,
40:33-35 1:1-2, :
,
. -
, .
, ,
.
, : ...
, 17

, . 10.

,
21
, . 9.
19

18

12

, . 11-12.
.
22
Dunrosch, "Leviticus," p. 66.

20

111

112

, ,
. ,
23
, .

24
,

, .
, ,
. ,
, , ,
, ,
,
25
.

.
. ,
.
( 1 ) ( )
, ,
, .
( 2 ) ( ? ) ,
, , .
( 3 ) , ( , ),

,
.
( 4 ) .
( 5 )
, :
( ) - ;
() - ;
()
,
;
() 14 ;
() ;
() ,
;
( ) , ( ,
23

. : Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2, 4:111;

Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 74, 76; Damrosch, "Leviticus," p. 66.
24
., Harrison, Introduction, pp. 590, 598.
25
Hartley, "Leviticus," pp. 81-82.

);
, .

26

-
, , .
: , (11:44,45; 19:2; 20:7,26; . 21:8;
22:32) -
. : - [
] (11:44,45; 18:2,4,5,21,30; 19:2,3,4,10,12,14,25,31,32,34,36[36];
20:7,24; 21:8; 22:33[33]; 23:22,43[43]; 24:22; 25:17,38[38],[42],55[55]; 26:1,13)
.
, ,
. , ,
,
, ,
,
. , : ,
, , ,
, , (18:3),
,
(18:4) , ,
, (18:5),
(18:2). , .

(19:3), (19:4),
,
; (19:10).
: , (19:2; 20:7).
,
( . 19:6; . 26:19)
, ,
27
.

,
,
- , , ,
, ,
, ( 21-24), , ( 18 20),
( 19, 2 5 ) , , (19:14,32;
28
25:17,36,43).
26

. Archer, Survey, pp. 228-229.

. Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 76-77; Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2,
4:113-115.
28
Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2, 4:113.
27

113

114

. (1:5,11)
, (1:9,13,17; 2:9; 3:5). ,
, ,
(16:1; 21:17), ,
(8:9,13,17), .
.
, ,
(8:35; 10:1-9; 16:2,13).

( 1-7)

- . ,
.
, , , ,
.
,
.
? (, 1:1-17),
' (, ) ,
(, 1:4), , ,
. (, , 4:1-5:13; 6:24-30),
,
,
(. 5:1-6). DttJK {, ,
5:14-6:7 [. 5:14-26]; 7:1-10), ,
, ,
, (6:1-7 [. 5:20-26]),
(14:1 .).
}0 (, , 2:1-16; 6:14-23)
, , . Wt&Xp
(, GwVJ , , 3:1-17; 7:11-38)
.
, (, 3:3-5;
, 7:29-36; ) . 1 (,
, , 7:12-13)
. 1 (, )
. (, 7:16,
35:29) , .
, ,
, .
( )
.
(17:11), ,
,
. , -

,
.

29

.

.
( 8)
.
, ,
( 21-22). , ,
,
30
.

, , ,
( 11)
, , , ,
( 12), ( 13-14) ( 1 5 ) .

. , , .
.
- . , ,

31
, .

( . 14:14)
( . 2:25-29)
, , .
- .
, .

, , .
, ,

32
.

29

. Dillard and
Longman, Introduction, pp. 77-79; . Levine, "Leviticus, Book of" ABD, ed. by David
Noel Freedman, (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 4:313; Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2,
4:115; Young, Introduction, pp. 81-83; Archer, Survey, pp. 231-232; Hartley, "Leviticus,"
pp. 96-97; Harrison, Introduction p. 600.
30
Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 79-80.
31
. ., Harrison, Introduction, pp. 603-607.
32
. Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 80-81; Wenham, "Leviticus,"
ISBE2, 4:113-115; Hartley, "Leviticus," pp. 94-95.

115

>

116

,

.

. ,
, , .
- ,
( . 4:14-5:10; 9:6).

.
, , , .
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
, ,
33
(. . 14:18-20; . 109:4; . 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17).
. ,
,
1:14 (
), 6:19 ( - ,
) 18:20 (
, ) .
. - ,
, - (. . 1:22; 1 .
1:2; 2:9 .). ( . 1:22; 1 . 1:15)
, ( . 6:17-19),
, .
, : ,
(1 . 1:16). ?
? ? , ,
, - .
, ,
... ( . 9:26),
(1 . 1:7), (1 . 2:1-2).
,
, ,
( . 12:1; 1 . 2:9; . 1:6).

. -
(1 . 5:22), ,
(2 . 2:22; . 1:15) ( .
1:27) - .
33

Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 76; Wenham, "Leviticus," ISBE2, 4:113,
115; Hartley, "Leviticus," pp. 97-98; Harrison, Introduction, pp. 612-613.