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7-
2009
51(075)
22.127
94
.., .., .. : 7- . .: , 2009. 76 .
7- .
.
, 8-
, , .
:
.., , ,
;
.., - , , , ;
.., , .
. .-. , . ..
ISBN 978-5-7262-1051-3
, 2009
...................4
..................................................................................5
I. ...............................................5
II. ........................................................8
III. .........................................................................9
IV. .....................................................................10
V. .......................................................................11
VI. ..........................................................19
VII. ........................................................................24
VIII. , .
...........................................................27
IX. ....................28
X. .......................................................33
...................................................................................................37
...................................................................46
....................................................................................................50
I. .....................................50
II. .
....................................................................................51
III. ....................................53
IV. .............55
V. ....................................................................57
VI. ...................................................58
VII. .................................................59
...................................................................................................61
.
1. . . 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 100 . .
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4
I.
.
1
2. 0,25 +
9
1 1
: 1,25 .
12 3
16
2
: 0,8 0,5
9
3.
.
1,6 0,25
3 1 2 3 5 1
2 : 1 + + : 3
4 2 5 4 6 6
4.
.
2 1 4
1 2
+
3
:
4
4
:
3
4
3 2 5
2 3
7 30
1 5
2
2 : 2
+
15 12 43
2 32
5.
.
5
21
2
11 8 : 1
22 3
11
3 5
1 2
1
: + 2 1:1
4
6
2
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6.
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1 :
2 4 8
2 5 5
:
7 12 14
9.
.
4 3
4
1
12 3 4 4
5 4
11 8
2 7
11 :
3 18
2
2 2 4 2
:
3
9
10. 2 .
2 : 4
3 9
1
1
15. 1 0,7 1,2 2 : 1 .
5
2
7 4 3
0,5 : 1,25 + : 1 3
5 7 11
16.
.
1
1
1,5 + : 18
4
3
(2,7 0,8) 2
3 + 0,125 : 2 1 + 0,43 .
17.
(5,2 1,4) : 3
2
70
1 1
1
1
+ 0,1 + : + 0,1 2,52
6
15 6
15
18.
.
1
1
1 7
1
1
3 + 2,5 4,6 2
0,05
3
3
19.
5,2 :
+ 5,7 .
2,5 1 1 4,6 + 2 1
1 0,125
3
3
20.
5
: 0,4 1,5
21. 9
.
0,008 12,5
1
3 1 1 23 22
3,75 : 1 + 1,5 : 3 2 + 1 :
2
4 2 7 49 147 .
22.
1 1
2 5 17 18
2 : 3 + 3 : 13 : 2
5 4
3 18 36 65
7
11
1 5
3 1 5 7
3 2 + 2 1 3 + 1
12
18
24
31
52
2 6 13
23.
.
13 5
2 1 4
19 13
: 5 2 + +1
84 42
28 24 27 3 9
(
).
24.
25.
3,52 2,52
.
0,8 0,6 0,6
1,6 0,4 0,4
2
1,4 2,6
26.
27.
3
4
13
28. 3 12 5 0,85 3 .
15
20
45
29.
832 + 2 83 17 + 17 2
832 17 2
3
4
1
5
4
II.
:
2, ;
3, 3;
4,
, 4;
5, 0 5;
8,
, 8;
9, 9;
10, 0;
8
11, ,
11.
1. , 3 5 :
1) 241*; 3) 43*5; 2) 1734*; 4) 43*0?
2. , 1234067895 45?
3. 222...22 5 ,
13
75 .
4.
*137812, 6?
5. 71634453 ?
6. 11111
15
, 45. .
7. 7453*41. ,
9.
8. , 173913871* 12 .
*?
9. , 7359917383*6
8 . .
10. , 1892 5280 11?
III.
.
,
100.
1. :
) 1,5 % 40; ) 3 % 60; ) 15 % 500.
2. :
) 3 % 63; ) 8 % 48; ) 25 % 125?
3. :
) 26 200; ) 5 100; ) 29 500?
4. 3 % 150 . ?
9
5. , 1
45 ?
6. 2 % . 150 . ?
7. : 20 % 10 % 10 %
20 %?
IV.
.
:
.
.
3 1
1
1. 5 : 3 = 5 : X .
4
5 2
6.
5
10
=
.
6 2x 3
1
1 1
2. y : 3 = 4 : 2 .
2 4
5
7.
2x 1 1
= .
3
2
8.
6
2
= .
3x + 2 5
3. 0,2 : ( x 2 ) =
1 1
:2 .
2 2
2
7
4. 2 : 0,24 = 1 : (x + 0,06 ) .
3
9
1
6 = 1,12 .
9.
8
X
0,3 +
15
4
2
5.
= .
3+ x 3
3
3
6 3
5
14 = X .
10.
(21 1,25) : 2,5 5 5
6
0,75
10
11
: 12,5
5
7
11.
.
=
1
2
2 1,2 18 X 4
7
3
14.
5
9
1
+
2,5 +
4
20
3.
=
12.
23 X
21,25
15. y :
7 5 2
2 + : 2
30 18 3 3 X 2
13.
=
.
0,04
3
11 9,5 0,6 35
=
.
3,75 + X
87,5
3
1 4
=3 : .
9 9
14
16.
2
3
X +
1
3
1
2
X 1
1
8
1
1
2 3 1
4 3,5 2 1 : 0,16
3 :
7
5
17.
= 7 14 6 .
23
49
x
41 40
84
60
28 17
1 0,7
0,125 x
63 21
18.
=
.
19
21
7
0,675 2,4 0,02
24 40 16
V.
, ,
, .
,
.
, .
ax + b = 0 ,
a b ; x .
11
:
;
, ;
, .
.
I ( )
1
1 1
1. 2 a = 4 1 .
2 9
3
2. 8
1
2 1
z = 3 1 .
2
3 11
3. 5 (x + 7) = 3 (2x 3).
4. 0,2 (x 2) = 0,7 (x + 3).
5. 2 (x + 3) 3 (x + 2) = 5 4 (x + 1).
6. 3 (x 2) 2 (x 1) = 17.
7. 3 5 (x 1) = x 2.
8. 11 (y 4) + 10 (5 3y) 3 (4 3y) = 6.
9. 2 (x + 1) 1 = 3 (1 2x).
10. 6 (1,2x 0,5) 1,3x = 5,9x 3.
11. 8 (1,3x + 0,25) 6,6x = 3,8x + 2.
12. 25x 17 = 4x 5 13x + 14 + 34x.
13. 7 (12 + y) 5(18 + y) = 6.
14. (x + 3) 6 = (x + 1) 9.
12
15. 3 (y + 7) 4(y + 4) = 0.
16. 3,2a + 4,8 = 2 (1,2a + 2,4).
17. 5 (0,8y 1,2) = y + 7,2.
18. 13x (6x 1) + 24x = 13 6x (9 13x).
19. 5y (12y + 7) 29y = 30 + 4y (15y 11).
20. 7x (6x 5) + 42x = 3x (5 + 14x) + 49.
1
5
3
5
2
8
22. 1,7 : 1 X 3,75 :
=1 .
12
3
85
55
15 1 8
23. : X + 1,5
= +
.
84
37 3 21
17 5
1
11
24. 1 X 1 : 2 = 0,25
.
18 6
20
39
5
1
3
7
25. 2 : 18 = 5 X
.
6
20
30 12
1 2
2
4
26. 0,9 3 : 2,25 1 + X : 0,8 = .
8
3
7
7
II (
; )
1. 52 + 6 = 0.
2. 82 = 0.
3. (2 - ) (2x + 1) (3x + 5) = 0.
13
25. (5 x + 4) (3 x 2) = 9 x 2 12 x + 4 .
26. ( x 1) (3 x + 5) = 1 x 2 .
27. 3 x + 6 = x 2 4 .
28. (3 x + 1) (5 x 3) + 9 x 2 + 6 x + 1 = 0 .
29. ( 2 x 1) (8 x + 1) = 4 x 2 + 4 x 1 .
30. (3 x 1) (8 x + 5) = 18 x 2 + 12 x 2 .
31. (7 x 1) (3 x + 5) = 9 x 2 + 30 x + 25 .
32. ( 2 x + 3) (3 x 7) = 49 9 x 2 .
33. (3 x + 2) (5 x 9) = 27 x 2 12 .
34. (8 x 1) ( x 2) = 5 x 2 20 x + 20 .
35. (3 x + 1) (7 x + 5) = 1 9 x 2 .
36. ( x 1) (8 x + 3) = 3 x 2 + 6 x 3 .
37. ( 2 x 3) (7 x + 2) = 8 x 2 24 x + 18 .
38. ( x 3) ( 2 x + 5) = 25 4 x 2 .
39. (11 y 7 ) (1 8 y ) = 256 y 2 4 .
40. (9 z + 1) (1 5 z ) = 162 z 2 2 .
41. 49 x 2 25 = (5 7 x ) (3 x 2) .
42. 0,25 x 2 = ( x 0,5) ( 2 x + 0,7 ) .
43. 0,64 x 2 = (3 x 7) ( x 0,8) .
15
x
7x
=3+
.
2
2
2. 9
2x
x
=7+ .
3
3
3.
5x 1 3x
x7
=x
1.
6
5
15
4.
2x 3 3 4 x 3 5x
= 0.
2
4
8
5.
4 x 3 5 2 x 3x 4
=
.
2
3
3
6.
x 1 5 x + 2 5 + 3x
+
=
.
3
12
4
7.
5x x 3
x5
=1+
.
2
3
6
8. 8 11 z = 16 z 44 .
4
9.
x(x 1) 2 x 2 + 1 ( x 1) (x + 2 )
=
.
7
28
14
16
10.
(x 2)2
5
2 x 2 3 ( x 1) ( x + 1)
=
.
15
3
11.
4x 3 5 2x 4x 7
= 0.
2
3
6
12.
2x 3 3 4x 3 5x
= 0.
2
4
8
IV ( )
.
.
a, a 0 ;
, a =
a, a < 0.
: 0 = 0 .
, , :
, , ;
, .
1.
x + 10 = 7 .
8. 3 x = 0,09 .
2. 3 + 2 x = 2 3x .
9.
3. 14 = 7 x + 1 .
10.
x = 1.
2 x = 0,16 .
2x 1 = 7 .
11. 7 4 2 x + 1 = 3 .
5. 2 x 1 + 1 = 9 .
12. 6 + 5 x = 5 6 x .
6.
x 11 = 1 .
13. 5 + 3 x = 3 5 x .
7.
x 1 = x + 3 .
4.
17
V ( )
1. y (x + 1) = 3 .
3. 2 3 = 5 .
2. = 6 .
4. 6 = .
5. a- b-. ,
5 . b.
6. xy + x = 8 .
7. 2x xy = 4 .
8. 3y + 2xy = 5 .
VI ( )
, , , .
, () ,
. :
, ,
. .
, .
1.
1 3x
= 1.
a
5. 5 2ax = 2 (7 + x) .
2.
2x a
= 3.
8
6.
8 3ax 8 ax
=
.
2
6
3. 8 = ax 3a .
7. 7ax 56 x + 5 = 0 .
4. (a 2) x + 5 = 11.
8. 3ax + 21x 7 = 0 .
18
3 (3ax 1) x a 2 + 2a
.
=
7
2
2 (7 ax + 4) ax ( a + 3)
=
.
12.
5
2
8 ( a + 4) x 5 + ax
=
.
7
3
3 x ( a 2) x 7 + ax
=
.
10.
3
2
9.
11.
a ?
13. 6a 2 x 48ax 7 = 0 .
VI.
I ( )
1. 6 000 .
, , 400
, . ?
2. 2 , .
750 , 350 , .
?
3. 119 .
4 , , 3 ,
. ?
4. 30 , 4 .
?
5. 2 ,
40. ?
6. 10 .
27 , 7
,
54 . ?
7. 1,5 , 30. .
8. 2,4 ,
0,6 . ,
2,4.
19
30 800 .
, 3
.
2. 5 . 3
15 . ,
, 10 /.
.
3. ,
10 ,
, 2
30 .
.
3
, , 3
.
4.
, 1 .
15 /, 10 /.
?
5. 3 .
25 /, 2 .
?
6.
3 . 30 . ,
2 / , .
7. 2 60 /,
3 . ,
51 /?
8. 3,2 90 /, 1,5 45 /, , 0,3
30 /. .
21
IV ( )
1. 900 3 . 15 %,
12 % , . ,
1020 3 . ?
2. 400.
20 %, 15 %,
68. .
3. .
150 . .
20 %, 10 %, 645 .
?
4. 1 13 %- 1
, 20 %- .
.
5. 820 3 .
2
2
,
5
3
.
, , ?
3
5
6.
7
14
. ,
7 .
V ( )
1. 3 2 66 .
2 2
46 . ?
2. ;
25. 4 ,
2 . ,
70 ?
22
3. 6 , 2, 3-. 14 . 2- 3-
?
4. 3 3 90 .
1 , 9 ,
6 ?
5. 40 2 ,
35 2 30 . .
6. 10 16
11 000 .
, 4 220 .
, 3 ?
7. 4 700 .
,
100 .?
VI ( )
1. , ,
8 . 3 ,
12 , 75 % .
, ?
2. ,
b . , ?
3. , ,
. b .
?
VII ( )
1. 10 .
400 2.
10 , 2 . .
23
2. 15. , , 27 . .
3. 3 , 4,5 . ,
20 ?
VII.
a n , 1,
n , a :
a n = a a a ,
n
a , n .
a 1 a :
a1 = a .
a m a n = a m+n ;
a m : a n = a mn ,
(a ) = a
m n
mn
m > n, a 0 ;
(ab )n = a n b n ;
n
an
a
= n;
b
b
b0 = 1 .
b 0;
24
.
1.
( )
(5 ) (5 ) 5 .
5 2
2.
3.
10.
147
11.
625
39
12.
4.
(a ) a (b ) b
(a ) (b )
5.
(x ) (x ) x (b )
x (x ) b
2 3
3 3
5 2
2 2
2 7
2 2
2 3
14.
15.
11
5 3
(x ) x (x )
(x ) x (x ) x
6 2
16.
3 7
4 3
17.
x2
9.
a 2 n 1 a 5 a 2 n
a a 4 n +1
5n 1
c3
(z ) z
( )
2 n +5
z0
25
z 2n z 7
(x ) (x ) x
3 2
x 2n+3 x 4
( )
3n 2 2 n 32 2 5
(2 ) 2
n 2
n +11
36 2 2 n +1 32n
2n 9n
x13
10 2
8.
+b .
7 2
( )
(z ) z z z .
z (z ) z
(x ) (x ) x x
x (x ) x
.
2 3
7.
4 2
13.
b 3n
c 5n + 7 c
2 n
2 3
3 11
6.
(c ) c
3 2
3n 2
b 6n b 2
2 4
2 5
81 27 5
(b ) b
2 3
210 7 2
( )
100 2 n 52
2 n 2 52 n +1
( )
(5 ) 3 5
15 n 32 5 n +1
3n
.
2
n 3
( )
18.
25
147 7 n 9 n 32
32 n + 2 7 2 n +1
(7 ) 147 9 3
49 27 (3 ) 7
n 2
19.
2 n
( )
( )
1
3 1
n 2 1
2 3
n
b 2 b b b
a
a
a
.
20.
n +5
1
3 n +1
b
a
( )
(0,7 )5 2n 8 7
49
10 100 .
n +1
2 (0,7 )9
21.
22.
1
2 2 n+1
2
3
23. 3
.
1
2 n1
27
1
1 n 1 3
2 2
24. 8 4 4
.
1
n 1
2
2
25.
26.
5 3 2
72 150 27
23 33 5
27.
28.
29.
26
28 98 75
7 3 20
49 32 300 125
21 2 6 54
18 2 93 12 2
15 2 28 310
30.
31.
32.
33.
( )
6 n 2 2 3n + 2
27 n 3n+5 2
.
n 1
34.
( )
5 (2 ) 3 2
8 k 27 k 5k +1
25 k
k 1 2
75 52 4 2 33
34 2 2 53
150 75 16 27
( )
25 5 2 33
38. 1)
(
40. (7
38 2 17 2
47 2 19 2
3k
35.
36.
37.
34n +3 33n 2
32 n 1
a 7 y 5 a 3 y + 2
.
a 5 y 3
2 522 9 5 21
2510
(4 3 + 7 3 ) 57 .
(19 27 )
22
2)
47 2 32
27 2 + 2 27 13 + 132
21
4 2
)(
)
): (14 3 ).
39. 12 5 2 n +1 8 5 2 n + 4 5 2 n 1 : 4 5 2 n 2 .
2
2 2 32 n +1 + 2 5 7 32 n 1
2 n 1
VIII. , .
:
a 2 b 2 = (a b )(a + b ) ;
.
1. 2 x 2 y 4 2 x 4 y 2 + 6 x 3 y 3 .
16. x 4 + x 3 + x + 1 .
2. 4 a 2b 2 + 36 a 2b 3 + 6ab 4 .
17. x 3 y 3 + 64 .
3. 4b 2 + 8ab 12a 2 b .
18. (a + b )3 (a b )3 8 b3 .
4.
( x y ) + b( y x ) .
5. a 2 ( x 2 ) + b 2 (2 x ) .
) 4 x y (x + y ).
(a + b ) (a + b ) .
19. x 2 + y 2
20. 4 a 2 b 2
2 2
2 3
6. a (b 3) + (3 b ) b (3 b ) .
21. 20 x 5 y 4 5 x 3 y 2 .
7. 3 m (n m )2 9 m 2 (m n ) .
22. (a + 3b )2 (3a + b )2 .
8. a (a b )2 (b a )3 .
23. 9 a 4 13a 2 b 2 + 4b 4 .
9. xy 2 by 2 ax + ab + y 2 a .
24. 3 x + xy 2 x 2 y 3 y .
10. ax 2 ay bx 2 + cy + by cx 2 .
25. x y 3 x 2 + 3 y 2 .
11. x 2 + 3 x + 2 .
26. a 3b + 9b 2 a 2 .
12. a 4 + 2 a 3 + 1 .
27. a 3 ab a 2b + a 2 .
13. 2 a 4 a 2 1 .
28. 3a 2 + 12b 2 + 12 ab 12 .
14. m 3 12 m 2 + 48 m 64 .
29. ab 2 b 2 y ax + xy + b 2 x .
15. 1 a 2 2 ab b 2 .
30. 1 x 2 + 2 xy y 2 .
IX.
y x ( ) y(x). x , y .
,
.
28
,
, .
y = kx k , . x, y k > 0, y = kx
, k .
y x.
x y
. k
y = , k > 0, x > 0.
x
y = kx + b , b k , .
.
y = kx b .
.
.
1. :
1) y = 3x +1;
7) y = 7;
2) y = 2,5x + 5;
8) x = 2;
1
9) y = x;
3) y = x 2 ;
3
10) y = 1;
4) y = 4x 0,5;
5) 2y = x + 3;
11) x = 1,7;
6) 3y 2x = 1;
2. :
1
3) y = 3 2 x ;
1) y = 3 x ;
2
2) y = 2 x 5 ;
4) y = 4 x ;
29
2
1
11) y = x ;
3
2
1
12) y = 1 x + 3 ;
2
1
13) y = 2 x 1 ;
3
14) 2 y = 3 x 5 ;
15) 3 y = x 6 ;
5) y = 1 + x ;
6) y = 1 x ;
7) y = 1 x ;
8) y = 1 + x ;
9) y = 4 x + 3 ;
10) y = 5 x + 1 .
3. :
1) y = 4,5x + 1;
4) y = 6x +2;
2) y = 0,6x + 0,5;
5) y = 2x + 2.
3) y = 2,5x 5;
4. :
1) y = x 1;
13) y = 3 + x 5 ;
2) y = x;
14) y = 3 x 2 ;
3) y = 5 2x;
15) y = x 7 ;
4) y + 3 = x;
16) y = 2 x + 2 1 ;
5) y x = 0,5;
17) y = 3 x ;
6) y = x + 1 ;
18) y = 3 x + 2 4 ;
7) y = 1 x ;
19) y = x 7 ;
8) y = 1 3 x 1 ;
20) y = x 1 + 1 ;
9) y = 2 x 1 ;
21) y = 5 x + 6 ;
10) y = 5 x + 1 1 ;
22) y = 2 x ;
11) y = 3 x ;
23) y = x 2 ;
12) y = 4 x 2 + 1 ;
24) y = 2 x + 1 1 ;
30
25) y = 1 + 2 x ;
x
2 x < 2 ,
33) y = 1 2 x < 1 ,
3 x 2 x 1 ;
26) y = 3x 2 3 ;
2 x + 4 x < 1 ,
34) y = 2 1 x < 2 ,
x
3 x 2 ;
2
27) y = 2 5 x ;
x x < 0 ,
35) y =
2 x x 0 ;
3 + x x < 0 ,
28) y =
3 x x 0 ;
x + 1 x < 0 ,
36) y =
1 x 0 ;
2 x 1 x < 0 ,
29) y =
2 x 1 x 0 ;
x + 1 x 0 ,
37) y =
1 x < 0 ;
2 x x < 3 ,
30) y = 6 3 x 4 ,
2 x 2 x 4 ;
38) y =
(x 2 )2 ;
39) y =
x2 + 6x + 9
;
x+3
x + 1 x < 0 ,
31) y =
1 x x 0 ;
x + 2 x 0 ,
32) y =
2 x x < 0 ;
x2
40) x y = 3 x 2 x .
5. , :
1) y = (3 x 1)2 (2 x + 1)2 5 x 2 + 4 x ;
2) y = (7 x + 2 )2 + ( x 3)2 50 x 2 18 x 11 ;
31
3) y = (x 7 )2 ( x + 5)2 + 20 x 19 ;
4) y = (2 x + 1)2 + (2 x 1)2 8 x 2 ;
5) y = (3 x + 2 )2 (3 x 2 )2 21x 2 ;
6) y = (x + 4 )2 (x + 3)2 5 ;
7) y = (4 x + 1)2 (3 x + 2 )2 7 x 2 ;
8) y = (5 x 3)2 (3 x + 1)2 16(x 1)2 ;
9) y = (7 x 1)2 (3 x + 1)2 40 x 2 + 17 x + 2 ;
10) y = (5 x + 1)2 8 x 2 (2 x 1)2 12 x 2 ( x + 1)2 8 x ;
11) y = (3x + 2)2 (2 x + 1)2 (2 x 1)2 ( x + 3)2 ;
12)
y = ( x 1)3 (x + 2 )3 + (3 x + 2 )2 + 7;
2) y = 5x + 16 y = 6;
5) y = 14x y = x +26.
3) y = 4x + 9 y = 6x 5;
7. :
1
5
3) y = 0,2x 9 y = x + 1 ?
1) y = x y = 3x + 3,6;
2) y = 6x + 9 y = 2x 7;
8. k b,
(1, 2) (2, 1). .
9. y = kx + b
A (2, 1), 0,5.
.
32
10. , x
(), ()
:
1
1) y = 3,5x + 1,5;
5) y = 5x ;
3
2) y = 0,5x + 5;
6) y = 4x + 1;
3) y = 2x 0,5;
7) y = 2x 4.
4) y = 5x+1;
X.
x y, . ,
. :
, .
:
( )
, , y x;
;
, x;
x y, y.
:
,
;
,
;
;
, .
:
;
33
, ;
, ;
, ;
, .
.
, .
.
I
x y = 2 ;
1.
3x 2 y = 9 .
2 x + 3 y = 12 ;
9.
3 x + 2 y = 13 .
x 2 y = 3 ;
2.
5 x + y = 4 .
10.
x + 2 y = 11 ;
3.
5 x 3 y = 3 .
2 x 5 y = 7 ;
11.
x 3y = 5 .
y 3x = 5 ;
4.
2 y + 5 x = 23 .
2 x 3 y = 1 ;
12.
3x + y = 7 .
x + 5 y = 7 ;
5.
x 3 y = 1 .
x 2 y = 7 ;
13.
x + 2 y = 1 .
2 x 3 y = 5 ;
6.
3x + 2 y = 5,5 .
x + 4 y = 7 ;
14.
x 2 y = 5 .
2 x 2 y = 5 ;
7.
3 x 2 y = 4 .
3 x 8 y = 22 ;
15.
7 x + 8 y = 78 .
3 x + 2 y = 10 ;
8.
5 x + 3 y = 12 .
15 x 8 y = 2 ;
16.
5 x + 3 y = 63 .
(x + 5)( y 2 ) = (x + 2 ) ( y 1) ;
(x 4 )( y + 7 ) = (x 3)( y + 4 ) .
34
4 x 3 y = 7 ;
17.
5 x + 2 y = 26 .
35 x 3 y = 5 ;
20.
49 x 4 y = 9 .
9 x 7 y = 1 ;
18.
4 x + 3 y = 31 .
5 ( x + 2 y ) 3 = x + 5 ;
21.
4 ( x 3 y ) 50 = y .
14 x + 5 z = 14,5 ;
19.
3x + 4 z = 3,4 .
5 ( x 3 y ) 26 = 2 x + 1 ;
22.
3 ( x 6 y ) + 4 = 9 y + 19 .
II
11x
x + 5y
+
2
1.
2x 3y y
2y
2x 4 y + 6
=
;
8
5
2x 2 (9x + 7 y )
=
.
5
11
x 1 4 y
+
= 3;
2
5. 5
3 y 5+ x
= 1.
6
2
1
1
3 x + 4 y = 0 ;
2.
2
3
x y = 8,8 .
5
3
1 1 7
x + y = 12 ;
6.
2 1 1
= .
y x 6
3
x
3. 4
1
x
4
2 x + 3 y = 13 ;
13 2 x
7.
y=
.
2
y = 3,6 ;
5
1
y = 0.
3
x 6 y +1
= 1;
3
4. 2
2 y x 1
+
= 2.
2
4
3 x + 8 y = 1 ;
2
8.
x + 2 y = 5.
III
x 2 y 2 = 5 ;
1.
x + y = 1 .
x 2 y 2 = 3 ;
2.
x y = 3 .
35
(7 x + y )2 = x + 3 y ;
3.
7 x + y = 2 .
4 x 2 28 xy + 49 y 2 = 5 x + 2 y ;
13.
2 x 7 y = 2 .
x 2 y 2 = 5 ;
4.
x y = 1 .
(2 x + 3 y )2 = 3 x + y ;
14.
2 x = 4 3 y .
(2 x + y )2 = 2(2 x y ) ;
5.
2 x + y = 2 .
x 2 y 2 = 5 ;
15.
x + y = 1 .
(3 x y )(3 x + y ) = 45 ;
6.
3x + y = 3 .
x 2 y 2 = 3 ;
16.
x y = 3 .
(3 x + 5 y )2 = x + 2 y ;
7.
5 y + 3 x = 3 .
x 2 6 xy + 9 y 2 = x y ;
17.
x 3 y = 1 .
(x 7 y )2 = y + 2 x ;
8.
x 7 y = 5 .
x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2 = x 6 y ;
18.
x + 2 y = 1 .
x 2 2 xy + y 2 = 2 y 3x ;
9.
x y = 2 .
4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2 = 3x + 2 y ;
19.
2 x + 3 y = 1 .
x y = 4 ;
10. 2
x y 2 = 40 .
(x + 5 y )2 = 2 x y ;
20.
x + 5 y = 3 .
9 x 2 12 xy + 4 y 2 = 5 x 2 y ;
x 2 4 xy + 4 y 2 = 5 x y ;
11.
21.
3x 2 y = 3 .
x 2 y = 2 .
x 2 + y 2 2 xy = x + 6 y ;
12.
x y = 1 .
(x y )2 = 10 x 11y ;
22.
x y = 1 .
36
I.
1
12. 3 .
4
23. 5.
2.
13. 1,7.
24. 50.
3.
3
14. 0,75 = .
4
25. 0,05.
15. 0,4.
26. 1,25.
16. 32.
5
27. .
9
1. 0,325 =
4.
5.
6.
13
.
40
9
.
28
5
.
9
3
= 0,3 .
10
1
.
4
73
.
210
7. 83,244.
18. 3.
8. 37,4.
19. 1.
9.
2
28. 42 .
3
17
29. 1 .
33
2
30. 2 .
11
7
31. 27 .
9
17. 0,5.
1
.
3
20. 20.
1
21. 1 .
9
22. 16.
10. 1.
11. 20.
II.
3. 2.
5. .
6. 3111110 ; 7111115
15
9. 3; 7.
10. , (5 + 8) 2 = 11.
15
37
IV.
9. 1,6.
12. 10,25.
16. 3.
10. 2,5.
13. 19.
17. 1.
11. 6,75.
14. 2,5.
18. 5.
V.
I
1
1. 2 .
7
8
2.
.
17
3. 44.
9. .
19. 0,6.
10.
.
11.
.
1
20. 6 = 6,125 .
8
21. 1,854.
4. 5.
1
5. .
3
6. 21.
2
7. 1 .
3
12. .
22. 9,9.
13. 0.
23. 2,5.
14. 3.
24. 1, 625.
15. 5.
25. 0,05.
8. 0.
18. 0,2.
26.
1
.
9
II
1
1. 0; 1 .
5
2. 0;
1
.
8
3. 0; 1;
4.
2
1
; 1 .
2
3
1
2
; ; 0; 4.
3
5
38
2
1
5. 1 ; .
5
4
6. 1; 1.
7.
2
1
; .
3
2
21. 2; 2.
1
35. ; 0,4 .
3
8.
1
1
; 1 .
4
4
22. 1; 0.
36. 1; 0.
1
1
9. 0; ; .
5
3
23. 5; 2; 2.
1
2
37. 1 ; 2 .
2
3
10.
5 1
;1 .
7 2
1 1
24. 1 ; .
2 2
1 2
38. 2 ; 2 .
2 3
11.
1 1
; .
4 3
25.
2
; 3.
3
39.
1 3
;
.
8 43
12. 4; 1.
1
26. 1; 1 .
2
1 3
40. ;
.
9 23
13. 6; 8.
27. 2; 5 .
41.
14. 1; 5.
1 1
28. ; .
3 4
15. 2; 6.
29.
1
;0.
2
2 1
16. 1 ; 2 .
3 3
30.
1
3
; .
3 14
17. 7; 4.
2
31. 1 ; 1,5 .
3
2
45. 11 ; 0 .
3
18. 0; 8; 12.
1
32. 2 ; 2 .
3
46.
1
1
19. 1 ; 1 .
2
2
2 3
33. ; .
3 4
47. 2; 3.
20.
1
1
; .
2
2
34. 2; 3.
39
5
; 0,3 .
7
3
;1.
8
III
1. 1.
5. 1,1.
2. 2.
6.
3.
.
5
7. .
12
2
.
3
4. 1.
1
.
3
1
10. 1 .
6
9.
11. 1.
8. 6.
12. 1.
IV
11.
1. 3; 17.
1
(6
6
).
2.
1
(5
5
12.
1
x < 1 ).
2
1
(11
11
).
13.
3. 1; 3.
4. 4; 3.
1
(4
4
).
5. 5; 3.
6. 12; 12.
V
1. 1 = 1;
2 = 3;
3 = 1;
4 = 3;
1 = 2;
2 = 0;
3 = 4;
4 = 2.
5. a = 4;
b = 5.
40
8. x1 = 1;
x2 = 1;
x3 = 2;
x4 = 4;
y1 = 5;
y2 = 1;
y3 = 5;
y4 = 1.
VI
1.
2.
1 a
,
3
5. 1.
6. a 0.
24 + a
,
2
7. 8.
a .
8. 7.
8
+ 3; a 0.
a
6
4.
; a 2.
a2
3.
9. 1,2.
11. a1 0,
4
a2 .
7
12. a1 0 ,
3
a2 2 .
5
13. a1 = 0 ,
10. 2.
VI.
I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
2560.
1100 ; 2200 .
40; 36; 43;
9.
70; 35; 75.
72 .
3,6; 2,1; 1,5.
2,5; 3,3; 8.
II
1. 2,5.
41
a2 = 8 ,
III
1. 750 /.
2. 70 /.
3. 45 /.
IV
1. 500; 400 3.
4. 27 %.
3. 300; 450 .
6. 98.
V
1. 20; 3.
6. 540; 350 .
4. 18; 12.
7. 900; 500 .
VI
1. 12 ; 24 .
2.
ab
.
a+b
3.
ab
.
ba
VII
1. 1600 2.
2. 96. 69.
3. 180 .
VII.
9. a 2 .
14. 12.
2. 5 .
10. 1.
15. 2592.
3. 310.
11. c 2 .
16. 80.
7. 1.
12. z 4 .
17. 15.
8. x12 .
13. x 4 .
18. 21.
1. 56.
17
42
6
19. 3 .
7
b6
20. 4 .
a
27. 30.
35. a5y.
28. 70.
36. 5.
21. 2,8.
29. 0,01.
37.
22. 9.
30. 24.
38. 1)
23.
31. 20.
39. 330.
40. 142.
25. 11250.
26. 270.
32. 20.
33. 9.
34. 35n+2.
8
.
81
24. 8.
1
.
9
3
5
; 2) 1 .
8
8
VII. , .
5. (x 2 )(a b )(a + b ) .
20. a 2 + b 2 (a b )2 (a + b )2 .
21. 5 x 2 y 2 (2 xy 1)(2 xy + 1) .
11. (x + 2) (x + 1).
12. (a + 1) a 3 + a 2 a + 1 .
)(
23. 3a 2 2b 2 ab 3a 2 2b 2 + ab .
24. (x y )(3 xy ) .
14. (m 4 )3 .
25. (x y )(1 3x 3 y ) .
15. (1 a b) (1 + a + b).
26. (a 3b )(1 a 3b ) .
27. a (a b )(a + 1) .
28. 3 (a + 2b 2)(a + 2b + 2 ) .
18. 6b (a b )(a + b ) .
29. b 2 x (a y + 1) .
19. x 2 + y 2 (x y )2 ( x + y )2 .
30. (1 x + y )(1 + x y ) .
43
X.
I
1. (5; 3).
9. (3; 2).
2. (1; 1).
3. (3; 4).
4. (3; 4).
5. (2; 1).
6. (0,5; 2).
14. ( 1; 2).
7. ( 1; 3,5).
8. ( 6; 14).
II
2. (6; 8).
6. (3; 4).
3. (8; 6).
7. .
4. ( 10; 28).
8. .
4
5
5. 2 ; 1 .
11
11
III
1. ( 3; 2).
5. (1; 0).
9. (0; 2).
2. (2; 1).
6. (3; 6).
3. ; 1 .
11 11
7. ( 39; 24).
4. ( 3; 2).
8. (12; 1).
12. 1 ; .
5 5
44
2
32
13. ; .
39 39
14. ( 4; 4).
18. 2; .
2
15. ( 3; 2).
19. ; .
5 5
20. 4 ; .
11 11
21. ; .
3
3
1
45
1. .
. 180:
1 + 2 = 180 .
2. .
. .
1 = 3 ;
2 = 4.
3. .
:
1) a1 = a ; b1 = b ; C1 = C ;
2) b1 = b ; C1 = C ; A1 = A ;
3) a1 = a ; b1 = b ; c1 = c .
B
c
B1
c1
A1
46
a1
b1
C1
4. .
:
1) B1 = B; a1 = a ;
2) B1 = B ; c1 = c ;
3) a1 = a ; b1 = b ;
4) a1 = a ; c1 = c ;
C1 = C = 90 .
5. .
. , .
B
AB = BC .
A
.
:
BAC = BCA.
. ,
, :
BD AC ;
AD = DC ;
ABD = DBC .
6. :
. 180.
B
A + B + C = 180 .
A
47
7. .
. ,
.
1 = 2 + 3.
8. 30.
. , 300, .
BC =
AB
.
2
9. .
a) 4 = 6; 3 = 5 ;
) 1 = 5; 2 = 6;
4 = 8; 3 = 7
;
) 4 + 5 = 180;
3 + 6 = 180
.
48
10. .
. .
11. .
. .
49
I.
1. :
) : = 30 .
: , .
) : 1 = 4 .
: 2 = 3 .
1
) : : = 1 : 5 .
: , .
) : 1 = 2 .
:
BAC + ACD = 180 .
2
D
50
) :
1 + 2 = 180 .
:
1) ABC = ACB ;
2) DBC = BCE .
D
B
1
) : 2 = 3 .
:
1) 1 = 3 ;
2) 3 + 4 = 180 .
1
2
4
3
2. 20.
.
3. , 2:7. .
4. , , 150. , .
5. : OA; OB; OC; OD; OE;
OF, :
EOA = 142 . ?
II. .
1. .
) ABC.
70
51
) ABC.
.
50
)
ABC, BD .
.
30
D
B
) : AB || CD.
.
60
50
A
C
) ABC,
BD .
ABC .
) .
EKC .
52
60
30
) : ABC, = ;
= .
: AD = CE.
2. 110. ,
, ?
3. 5:8,
18. .
4.
K, L, M , AK = BL = CM.
KLM.
5. ,
.
6. ,
.
III.
1. .
, .
53
)
B
B
D
C
)
D
)
B
C
54
2. , , 15
6 . .
3. : = 10 , =
= 14 . , : = 2:3,
, : = 2:5.
?
4. = 12, = 9; CN . : = 2:1.
D NM.
5. CD
1:2. AD = DC = CB. .
6. , = 5; = 6; = 7.
, , L , KL,
LM, MK , , . K, L ?
7. ABC AC = 48 ,
B = 600.
C , AB.
8. ,
,
, 60. .
( .)
IV.
1. .
) :
ABE = CBE .
: x .
129
52
55
51
) : MPT = TPK .
T
112
: x .
K
68
68
M
) : a || b.
: MOE = 90.
) :
: AB || CD.
) : AB = BC.
: a || b.
56
: CD = BA.
E
) : AB = CD.
A
: OK = OP.
P
O
K
D
B
) : .
: OA = OC.
O
57
) :
AB AC .
.O
: = .
2. .
,
, ?
3. . ,
, , . , 9, 8, 7.
VI.
1. .
2.
.
3. , .
4. .
5. .
6.
.
7. 19. , 1.
8. 19. ,
9 10.
58
VII.
,
, 7-
.
. ( .. ,
.. 5000 ).
1. M. D.
: ) D CBD; ) AMD CMD.
2. D =
= D. , = D = D.
3. .
D. D, :
) = 50, = 100; ) = , = ; ) = 130 ) = .
4. ;
D ; D = 150. .
5. , , .
, .
6. , , . = ; = 35;
= 15. .
7. , ,
. , = 70, = 80.
8. D , , , 48.
.
9.
, D .
, D = .
10. ,
= . = 75. = 60. , , = 3.
59
60
I.
2. 80 100.
4. 75 105.
3. 40 140.
5. BOA DOE ;
AOE BOD .
II.
2. 145 35.
3. 45, 63 72.
4. 60.
III.
2. 10; 10; 1.
3. 1:1.
4. 1:1.
5. 30; 60; 90 40; 60; 80.
6.
B
L
K
LMC ( );
LC = MC = X AM = 7 X ; BL = 6 X ;
BLK ;
BL = BK = 6 X AK = 5 (6 X ) = X 1 ;
61
K ;
= 1 = 7 = 4 .
: L = = 4 ; L = = 2 ; = = 3 .
AB = 5; BC = 6; AC = 7.
7. 24 .
8. 1) 40; 40; 100;
2) 80; 80; 20.
IV.
2. 60; 120.
V.
2.
A
K
D
o1
o2
E
62
P
A
AQ = AE = x (. 1, );
BQ = BT = y;
CT = CE = z;
x + y = 7 ;
+x + z = 8 ;
y + z = 9 .
2x + 2y + 2z = 24;
x + y + z = 12;
x = 3; y = 4; z = 5.
KQ = KP;
DP = DE.
AKD = AK + (KP + PD) + AD = AK + (KQ + DE) +AD =
= 2AQ = 6.
BNM = 2BQ = 8 ().
CLF = 2CF = 10 ().
: 6; 8; 10.
63
VII.
1.
: ABC, AB = BC, AM =
= MC; D BM.
: ) ABD = CBD;
) AMD = CMD.
.
1. BM D
), ABC , BM .
M
ABM = CBM,
BMA = BMC = 90.
A
C
2. ABD CBD:
M
AB = BC ( ); BD
; ABD = CBD ( .1). , ABD = CBD (
).
3. ADM CDM; AM = MC ( ), DM
; AMD = CMD = 90 ( .1). , AMD =
= CDM ( ).
.
B
2.
C
64
:
AB CD = O,
AC = AD; AB CD.
:
) BC = BD;
) ACB = ADB.
.
1. ACD (AC = AD ), AO ,
,
AO
.
CO = OD
CAO =
= DAO.
M
D
: ABC, BAK =
= KAC;
ABM =
= MBC ;
) A = 50, B = 100;
) A = , B = ;
) C = 130;
) C = .
: ADB.
.
1. ABD. ABD = 50, BAD = 25, ,
ADB = 180 50 25 = 105.
, BAD = , ,
2. A = , B = . ABD =
2
2
+
ADB = 180 = 180
.
2 2
2
3. C =130. BAD = x, ABD = y, , A = 2x,
B = 2y;
2x + 2y + 130 = 180;
2x + 2y = 50;
x + y = 25;
x + y + ADB = 180;
ADB = 180 (x + y) = 180 25 = 155.
65
x + y = 90 ;
2
= 155; ) ADB = 90 + .
2
4.
B
: ABC ; = ;
D = DC;
DA = 150.
: B.
:
ACD = D = ;
= 2, = 2;
+ 2 + 150 = 180 ( ACD).
3 = 30, x = 10;
= = 20;
= 180 40 = 140.
: = 140.
66
5.
B
C1
1
O
: ABC, 1;
1; 1 A; ; ;
1 1 = .
AOB1,
:
OB1A,
OAB1,
COB1,
OB1C,
OCB1,
COA1,
OA1C, OCA1.
A
B
( ); ABB1 =
( ).
2
2
2. ABB1:
B
BB1A = 180 A
= OB1A ( 2
);
A + B + C = 180;
B
.
OB1A = C +
2
3. AOB1:
A
AOB1 = 180
OB1A;
2
A
B A B
.
AOB1 = 180
180 + A +
=
+
2
2
2
2
4. :
C
;
OB =
2
B
B
;
OB1 = 180
= A +
2
2
1. OAB1 =
67
A B
;
+
2
2
A C
;
OA1 =
+
2
2
OB1 =
OA1 = 180
OA1 =
C
..
2
A
A
;
= B +
2
2
: OB1A =C +
B
A B
, AOB1 =
+
..
2
2
2
6.
B
: ABC,
AM BC = M; = M;
BAM = 35; AM =
= 15.
: A, B, C.
.
1. A = AM + CAM = 35 + 15 = 50.
2. ABM ;
BMA = MC + MCA ( );
MCA = 35 15 = 20.
3. B =180 A ( );
= 180 50 20 = 110.
: A = 50, = 110, C = 20.
68
7.
B
: ABC,
AK BC;
CN AB,
AK CN = M;
A =
= 70; = 80.
: AMC.
K
N
.
1. ANC: A = 70; N = 90;
CN = 180 70 90 = 20 ( ).
2. AKC: C = 80; K = 90;
CAK = 180 80 90 = 10.
3. AMC: AMC = 180 MAC MCA;
AMC = 180 20 10 = 150.
: AMC = 150.
8.
B
: ABC, AB =
= BC, AD, CE ;
AD CE = M;
AMC = 48.
: A, B, C.
D
M
69
.
1. A = C = ( ).
2. AEC: ECA = 180 90 ;
ECA = MCA = 90 .
3. ADC: DAC = 180 90 ;
DAC = MAC = 90 .
4. AMC:
AMC + MCA + MAC = 180 ( );
90 + 90 + 48 = 180;
2 = 48; = 24.
5. ABC:
B = 180 2 = 180 48 = 132.
: A = C = 24; B = 132.
9.
A
: ABC, AB =
= AC; B = C = 2A;
BD .
: AD = BC.
D
.
1. A = ; B = C = 2 ( );
A + B + C = 180;
+ 2 + 2 = 180; 5 = 180; = 36;
A = 36; B = C = 72.
2. ABD = DBC = 36.
70
: ABC; K
AC;
AB = AK;
ABK = 75, ACB =
= 60; BC = 3.
: AC.
.
1. ABK , AB = AK ( ).
, ABK = BKA = 75; BAK = 180 75 75 = 30
( ).
2. ABC:
B = 180 A C = 180 60 30 = 90. C,
ABC 30.
1
BC = AC ( ,
2
30).
AC = 2BC;
AC = 2 3 = 6 .
: AC = 6.
71
11.
A
: ABC, A =
= 90; B = 75, ADB =
= 2DBC; AB = 5, D
AC.
: DC.
.
1. ADB = 2DBC. DBC = , ADB = 2.
2. ADB BDC.
ADB = DBC + DCB ( );
DCB = 2 = .
, DCB =DBC.
, BDC , .. BD = DC.
3. ABC:
A = 90, B = 75;
C = 180 90 75 = 15 ( ).
, = 15.
4. ABD:
BDA = 2 = 30, A = 90.
1
AB = BD ( ,
2
30).
BD = 2AB;
BD = 2 5 = 10 .
5. DC = BD ( .2).
, DC = 10.
: DC = 10.
72
12.
B
a) : ABC; A =
= 50, C = 20; BH C;
ABD = DBC.
: HBD.
.
1. B = 180 50 20 = 110 ( ).
110
= 55 .
2. ABD =
2
3. ABD , ABH = 180 90 50 = 40.
4. HBD = ABD ABH = 55 40 = 15.
: HBD = 15.
B
) : ABC; A =
= 110, C = 50; BH
AC; ABD = DBC.
: HBD.
73
.
1. B = 180 110 50 = 20 ( ).
20
= 10 .
2. ABD =
2
3. AH = 180 110 = 70 ().
4. HB = 180 90 70 = 20.
5. HBD = HBA + ABD = 20 + 10 = 30.
: HBD = 30.
13.
K
C
c
: a||b; AC,
BC ;
|| a; AB CE =
= E; AB = 12.
: CE.
M
b
.
1. B = ; B = ; K = ; MB = .
2. 2 + 2 = 180 (
); + = 90.
3. = ( K); = (
MB).
4. AEC = ; EC = .
1
5. = ; = 6.
2
: = 6.
74
7-
..
- ..
76