Государственные Образования Периода Гражданской Войны в России

1
1.1
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1.1.1
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1.1.2
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1.1.3
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1.2
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1.2.1
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1.2.2
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1.2.3
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1.2.4
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1.2.5
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1.2.6
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- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1
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1.3.2
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1.4
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10
1.5
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12
1.5.1
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12
1.5.2
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13
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13
1.6.1
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13
1.7
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14
1.8
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14
1.9
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16
1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
17
2.1
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
2.2
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18
2.3
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19
2.4
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19
2.5
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19
2.6
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19
1.3
1.6
ii
2.7
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19
2.8
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20
21
3.1
21
3.2
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21
3.3
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22
3.4
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22
3.5
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22
3.6
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22
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23
4.1
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23
4.2
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23
4.3
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23
4.4
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23
4.5
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24
25
5.1
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25
5.2
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25
5.2.1
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26
5.2.2
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
5.3
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26
5.4
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26
5.5
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27
5.6
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28
5.7
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28
5.8
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28
5.9
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29
5.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
31
6.1
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31
6.2
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31
6.3
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31
6.4
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32
6.5
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32
()
33
7.1
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33
7.2
1918
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
7.3
1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
7.4
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35
7.5
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35
7.6
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36
37
8.1
37
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38
9.1
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38
9.2
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38
9.3
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39
9.4
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39
9.5
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39
10 (19181920)
40
10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
10.2
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40
10.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
10.4
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40
10.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
11
11.1
44
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44
11.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
11.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
11.2 1990-
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45
11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
11.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
12
47
12.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
12.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
12.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
13 -
13.1
49
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49
13.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
14
50
14.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
14.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
14.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
14.2.2
51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
14.2.3 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
14.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
14.2.5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
14.2.6 19191920
53
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14.2.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
14.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
14.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
14.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
15
55
15.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
15.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
16
56
16.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
16.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
17
17.1
58
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
17.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
17.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
17.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
17.2
18
60
18.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
18.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
18.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
18.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
18.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
19
62
19.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 -
62
64
20.1 1919
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
20.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
20.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
20.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
20.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
20.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
20.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
20.2
21
67
21.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
21.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
21.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
21.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
21.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
21.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
21.3
22
22.1
70
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
22.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
22.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
22.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
22.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
23
72
23.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
23.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
23.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
24
74
24.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
24.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
24.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
25 (1918)
78
25.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
25.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
25.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
25.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
25.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
26 (1918)
79
26.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
26.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
26.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
26.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
26.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
26.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
26.4
27
27.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
81
vi
27.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
27.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
27.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
27.1.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
27.1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
27.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
27.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
27.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
27.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
27.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
27.2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
27.2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
27.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
27.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
27.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
27.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
27.6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
27.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
27.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
28
91
28.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
28.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
29
92
29.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
29.2 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
29.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
29.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
29.3.1
29.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
29.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
29.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
29.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
30
97
30.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
30.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
31
31.1
98
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
31.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
31.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
vii
31.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
31.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
31.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
31.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
32
32.1
100
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
32.2
32.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
32.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
32.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
32.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
32.4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
32.4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
32.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
32.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
32.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
32.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
32.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
32.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
32.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
32.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
32.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
32.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
32.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
33 ( )
111
33.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
34 (19181920)
113
34.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
34.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
34.3 18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
34.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
34.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
34.4.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
34.4.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
34.5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
34.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
34.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
34.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
34.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
viii
34.8.1 1918
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
34.8.2 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

34.8.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
34.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
34.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
34.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
34.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
35 -
35.1
121
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
35.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
35.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
35.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
36
124
36.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
36.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
36.3 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
36.4 -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
36.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
36.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
36.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
37
127
37.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
37.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
37.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
37.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
37.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
37.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
38
129
38.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
38.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
38.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
38.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
38.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
39
39.1
131
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
39.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
39.1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
39.1.3 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
ix
39.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
39.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
39.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
39.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
39.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
39.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
39.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
40
135
40.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
40.6 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
40.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
40.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
40.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
40.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
40.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
40.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
40.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
40.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
41
141
41.1 2930 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

41.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
41.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
41.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
41.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
41.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
41.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
41.2.5 -
41.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
41.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
41.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
41.3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
41.3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.3.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.4 1918 .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.6 -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
41.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
41.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
41.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
41.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
41.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
42
42.1
150
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
42.1.1 , . . . . . . . . . . 150
42.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
42.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
42.2 -
42.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
42.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
42.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
42.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
42.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
42.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
42.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
43 (19191920)
155
43.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
43.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
43.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
43.2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
43.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.7.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.8.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
43.8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
43.8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
43.8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
43.8.5
43.9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
43.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
43.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
43.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
xi
43.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
44 - ,
161
44.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
44.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
44.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
45 -
45.1
163
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
45.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
45.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
45.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
45.5 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
45.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
45.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
45.5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
() (. Azrbaycan Xalq Cmhuriyyti

(AXC), ) , [5] ( )[6] 28 1918
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13
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XX
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1.6.
23 1919 - 1.6.1.
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(118.320) .
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1.
Official Map Issued by Azerbaijan

Democratic Republic, 1919 (. 88)
100 1919

1918 . ,
14 [70] .
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1919 , , 1920
. 25, 50,
100, 250 500 [71][72] .
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, , .
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1917
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1917 I II (),
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.
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.
.

III (),
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- ,
3 4 1918 7 (. . , . . , . . , .-. , . . , .
. , . ) . [12][13] . 3 4 1918 ,

.
.
20 1919
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2.
, - , - [10] . : -. - ,
, , - 22 , 15 - . 3 .
. , , , , , - () 22
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, - 25
26
5.
. - 5.2.2. -
.

: () () (), 1917
, , 1919 .
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, , ,
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[18][19] .
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5. ;
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, . .
, , ,
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[16] .
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: 12 , ,
- , [24] .
. , : - , , 4547 20 1918
- [25] .
(
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[23] [26] .
5.2.1. 5.4.
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, ( 1918);
,
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,
, (
1918 20 1919).
,
, (20 1917
4 1918);
5.5.
27

: ,
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[30] 2) , 1922 ( . )
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16 1919 - [9] Alex Marshall. The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule.

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[1] Dunsterville Lionel Charles. The adventures
Dunsterforce. E. Arnold, 1920. P. 207.
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[2] Companjen Franoise. Exploring the Caucasus in the

21st Century: Essays on Culture, History and Politics
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i :
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[2] . . . 1919 . ( ). 1-. : , 2009. .
340 364. 636 . 250 . ISBN 978-5-85824184-3.
66
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21.6.
21.5.
[1] , 1931.
[2] ., 1931.
[3] . . (.) // . . .
: . , 2011. . 2.
. 151158. ISSN 0201-744X
[4] . .
(24.08.14).
[5] . . (
) .: , 1994.
69
. . (19171917-1922
.): . . . .
, 2005.
.
, 1974.
//
, 21 2014.
// Reibert.info
2012 (.)

. , , 1917
// (muzejunr.io.ua) 18 2014 (.)
[6] . .: 1992.
[7] . // 1897 .
.
Weekly. ISSN 17262887
[8] . (18831922)
// . ( 29
2013)
[9] . . // . 1971.
[10] A. A. . ,
1912.
[11] - // 1926 .
. Weekly. ISSN 1726
2887
[12] . , , // . 2329 1999.
42(263).
21.6.
.
19171920 .(
, ) (.) // . , 1931. 4.
., ... : //
, 7, 2006.
. .
// vybory.org, 13.01.2003.
. . :
// kobza.com.ua, 05.03.2006.
21.6.1.
1897 . . . . . . II.

, 28 1897 .
., 1905. XIII.
.
.
. 1922 ., 25 ,
. . 89. . . . : . . II. . 19211922. C. 8089.(
, )
1926 .
.: , 192829. .
9. . 3451; . 10. . 913; . 11. . 817;
. 14. . 616; . 15. . 813; . 16. . 812;
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11 , . , , , . 150 .
, .
,
1927
.[1]
22.5.
[1] . .
- . (26 2012).
[2] . . . .
, 1957.
[3] . .
[4] 18765. . 4.; . 5. . 82.
[5] . . . . . . . . . .
.. : .: ,, 2006 .. . .
255276.. ISBN 5-8071-0204-5.
23

1918 . .
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15 1918
. . , , .
23.2. . .
23.3.
[1] 1918
[2] . . . . : YMCA-PRESS. 1988. C. 598.
73
24

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1918 [1] )
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24.1.

[1] .
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[6] .
24.3.
[1] . . . // : . 5: . / .:
. . () . .
. .: - , 2008.
568 . ISBN 978-966-00-0855-4 . 435
[2] .. .
19171920. (8 2010). 5 2015.
[3] , . , . (1918) //
. . 2009.
3 . 218232
[4] . . .

(19181920 .) // ,
8. . .,
, 2005. . 1723
[5] .// . . .
. 2002. ISBN 966-96038-5-4 . 6875
[6] . . . // : . 5: . / .: . .
() . .
. .: - , 2008. 568 .
: . 978-966-00-0855-4 . 435438
[7] .
// . . . .
2002. ISBN 966-96038-5-4 . 5867
[8] . // . . .
. 2002. ISBN 966-96038-5-4 . 5257
[9] //
. . . 1983 . 310311
24.3.
[10] - 1920 // . . .: , 1983 .

309310
77
25
(1918)
8 1918
,
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II.
25.2.
1918 II
, 22 - 8 1918 .
1918 ; .
25.3.
25.1.
1918
,
- 22 1915 1918 ; . .

.
16 1917 , 30 1917
,
, 15 1918 .[2]
, 1918 ,
. 3 1918
,
, , 27 1918
.[2]
25.4.
[1] Kevin O'Connor, The History of the Baltic States, page
78, ISBN 0-313-32355-0
[2] The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik By John Hiden
25.5.
1917
78
Informations sur les Duchs baltes de 1918 sur

www.crwflags.com (.)
26
(1918)
(. Lietuvos Karalyst; ) 11 2 1918 , .

.

,
Mindaugas II
( II).
2 1918
, .
26.1.
1915

, .
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.

III 16961763 .
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1918 (13 ,
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80
26.3.
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II)
. , , , ( ). ,
. .
.
26. (1918)
. , .
26.5. .

26.6.
26.4.
. . Naujj laik Lietuvos istorija.

Chicago: Dr. Griniaus fondas, 1986. Vol. II.
P. 355359. ISBN 5-899570121.
. . Lithuania in European
Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 19181940 / Edvardas Tuskenis. Paperback. New
York: St. Martins Press, 1999. ISBN 0-31222458-3.
., (2007). Lietuvi istorik
politik valstybingumo samprata (19071918 m.).
Istorija. Lietuvos auktj mokykl mokslo darbai)
(65). ISSN 1392-0456. (.)

, : ,
, ,
,
. : , , , ,
, ,
, .
,
,
.

, ,
11 1917
.
. , ( Lietuvos aidas, ) .

-
. . War land on the Eastern Front:

culture, national identity and German occupation
in World War I. Cambridge University Press,
2000. ISBN 9780521661577.
. . Lietuvos valstybs
konstitucij istorija (XX a. pirmoji pus).
Vilnius: Justitia, 2005. ISBN 9955-616-09-1.
. . The Formation of the Baltic
States. Harvard University Press, 1959.
. . The Emergence of Modern
Lithuania. Greenwood Press, 1975. ISBN
0-8371-7780-4.
. . Antanas Smetona // Lietuvos
Respublikos prezidentai. Valstybinis leidybos
centras, 1995. ISBN 9986-09-055-5.
26.7.
World Statesmen
27
,
(. Republica Democratic Moldoveneasc,
, RDM;

)
,
(
) 2 (15) 1917 ,
24 (6 )
1918 ,
27
I 10
.

.

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: , .
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.
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. XX 20 %
, 11 % , 8 % ,
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[2] .
27 % , 23 %[3] .
27.1.2.

.
. - , . :
, . ,
[4] .
27.1.

27.1.1.
2 700 000 [1] .
, ,
81
82
27.
--
, . Republica
Democratic Moldoveneasc i Independent ( ) . , , . , Sfatul rii, .
, . ,
,
RM (Republica Moldova, )[4] .
[5] .
, 1918 -
.
27.1.5.
, , , .
.
27.1.3.
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, . .
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1917 .
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. 9 . .

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[5] . 150 105
, 15 , 13
, 6 , 3 , 2 ,
2 , , . [6] .
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27.1.4.
10 1918
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).

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[5] , . .
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27.2.
83
, [8] .
.

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, , ,
27.2.1.
,
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[7] .
,
. - - . - , 28 1917 .
. - 22 . ,
[7]
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. XX 50 % , ( )
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[9] .

27.2.2.
.
. . , 7 1917 , (), , - () .
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27.
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28 1917
. , ,
- . - (38).
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27.2.
85
27.2.3.
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[5] .
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86
27.
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30 .
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27.
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.
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. [5]
[5] .
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27 1918 .
. , ,
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[6] . .
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- 1940 .
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. 86 - 27.3.
, 3, 36, 13[5] .

- -
27.6.
89
[3] . . . : , 2006. 415 .

.
( 1918)
[4] // .
2006.
1917 1918
[5] .
= Istoria Republicii Moldova: din cele
mai vechi timpuri pin n zilele noastre /
. . -. . 2, . : Elan
Poligraf, 2002. . 182190. 360 . ISBN 99759719-5-4.
. . 1913
14
500 10 000,
712 , 19
%[14] .
.
,
[14] .
; .
[6] Gh. Cojocaru. Itinerarul Basarabiei spre realizarea

unitii romneti (1917-1918), in Marea Unire din
1918 n context european / Ioan Scurtu. Bucureti:
Enciclopedic, Academiei Romne, 2003. . 110
111.
.
, , .
.
[8] . .. : Tipografia
Central, 2002. . 272308. 480 . ISBN
9975-9504-1-8.
[7] .
. . -. . 2, . : Elan
Poligraf, 2002. . 182. 360 . ISBN 9975-97195-4.
[9] . .
(XIX XX ).

[10] .
,
. ,
, . . -. . 2 .
, . : Elan
Poligraf, 2002. . 183184. 360 . ISBN 99759719-5-4.
[3] . 9 1918
[11] . .. : Tipografia

Central, 2002. . 272308. 480 . ISBN
[13] .
9975-9504-1-8.
27.4. .

[12] . . : , , . : ,
1999. . 111. ISBN 5-88568-090-6.
[13] / . .. : , 2000.
[14] . . , . . . . 1992.
27.6.
27.5.
[1] Population of Eastern Europe // Historical Atlas.
[2] . . .
. , 1923.
27.6.1.
. .
// . ., 1956. . 57.
90
27.
. . . .
. 1917
1918. : ,
2000.
. . : , , . : , 1999. . 108112. ISBN 5-88568090-6.
. : , 1979. .
108110.
. . : ,
1982.
27.6.2.
Alexandru V. Boldur. Istoria Basarabiei.
Bucureti: Editura Victor Frunz, 1992.
Alexandru Bobeica. Sfatul rii: stindard al
renaterii naionale. Chiinu: Universitas,
1993. ISBN 5-362-01039-5.
Ion Calafeteanu, Viorica-Pompilia Moisuc. Unirea
Basarabiei i a Bucovinei cu Romnia 19171918:
documente. Chiinu: Hyperion, 1995.
tefan Ciobanu, Unirea Basarabiei : studiu i
documente cu privire la miarea naional din
Basarabia n anii 19171918, Universitas,
Chiinu, 1993 ISBN 5-362-01025-5 // Alfa, Iai,
2001
Gheorghe E. Cojocaru, Sfatul rii: itinerar, Civitas,
Chiinu, 1998 , ISBN 9975-936-20-2
Dinu Postarencu, O Istorie a Basarabiei n date
si documente (18121940), Editura Cartier,
Chiinu, 1998
Marin C. Stnescu, Armata romna si unirea
Basarabiei i Bucovinei cu Romnia : 19171919,
Ex Ponto, Constana, 1999, ISBN 973-9385-75-3
Mihai Tac, Sfatul rii i actualele autoriti
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Ion urcanu, Unirea Basarabiei cu Romnia : 1918
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27.7.
( )

28

2000 ,
, .

- 1919
, [2] . 1919
. 1919
, .
1920 ,

.
(4
1919).
: F. K. Rppnen, Paavo Pajula, Nestor L. Eskola, Juho
Kujala.
: Adolf Renvald, Pekka Supinen, Isak Julin, Jaakko Seise
28.1.

, , 15
1918
(
),
-
1918 [1] .

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[2] .
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2-
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1.
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2.
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(7.03.24.05.19)
29.3.

(16.02.24.05.1919)
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// (www.whiterussia1.
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Harold van Vechten Fay: Witness to Japans april
1920 offensive in the russian far east; reports of
Capt. Fay are used in the chapter Atamans exile
and White Russias last spasms (October 1920 November 1922)" of the book Jamie Bisher. White
Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian
2005. ISBN 0-7146-5690-9. (.)
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[4] . ., 2001, . 172.
[5] . ., 2001, . 155.
[6] . ., 2000, . 45.
[7] . ., 2004, . 110.
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[12] . ., 2000, . 46.
[13] . ., 2000, . 61.
32.13.
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[14] . ., 2001, . 215, 267.
[47] . ., 2004, . 24.
[15] . ., 2001, . 278.
[48] . ., 2001, . 195.
[16] Kurs, Ott Ingria: The broken landbridge between Estonia

and Finland // GeoJournal 33.1. 1994. . 107
113.
[49] . ., 2001, . 173, 197.
[17] . ., 2001, . 160.

[18] . ., 2001, . 163.
[19] . ., 2004, . 30.
[20] . ., 2001, . 215.
[50] . ., 2000, . 54.

[51] Nevalainen P. Inkerinmaan ja inkerilisten vaiheet 1900luvulla. S.248.
[52] . ., 2004, . 25.
[53] . ., 2001, . 239.
[54] . ., 2001, . 242.
[21] . ., 2001, . 289.
[55] . ., 2001, . 261.
[22] . ., 2001, . 217.
[56] . ., 2000, . 55, 56.
[23] . ., 2001, . 195, 196.
[57] . ., 2001, . 246, 247.
[24] Polvinen . Venajan vallankumous ja Suomi. 1917

1920. II. Toukokuu 1918 joulukuu 1920. Porvoo;
Helsinki, 1971. S. 240.
[58] . ., 2001, . 257.
[25] . ., 2000, . 50, 60.
[60] . ., 2001, . 259, 260, 261, 262.
[26] . ., 2004, . 123.
[61] . ., 2004, . 148.
[27] . ., 2001, . 158.
[62] . ., 2001, . 270.
[28] . ., 2001, . 161.
[63] . ., 2004, . 149.
[29] . ., 2001, . 162.
[64] . ., 2001, . 272.
[30] Ahti . Salatiiton aariviivat. Oikeistoradikalismi ja

hyokkaava idanpolitiikka 19181919. Espoo, 1987. S.
201
[65] . ., 2001, . 273.
[31] . ., 2001, . 169.

[32] . ., 2001, . 208, 209, 210.
[33] . ., 2001, . 167, 168, 170.
[34] Nevalainen P. Rautaa Inkerin rajoilla. Inkerin kansallaset
kamppailut ja Suomi 19181920. Helsinki, 1996. S. 81.
[59] . ., 2000, . 57.
[66] . ., 2001, . 274.

[67] . ., 2001, . 275.
[68] . ., 2001, . 276.
[69] . ., 2004, . 153.
[70] . ., 2001, . 277.
[71] . ., 2001, . 279.
[35] . ., 2000, . 49.
[72] . ., 2004, . 32.
[36] . ., 2001, . 175.
[73] . . ?
[37] . ., 2001, . 176, 177.

[38] . ., 2001, . 181.
[39] . ., 2000, . 50.
[40] . ., 2001, . 179.
[41] . ., 2004, . 23.
[74] Toivo Flink Eero Ilmari Haapakoski ja Inkerin lippu //

, 2012 ., 3 (078), . 3
[75] . . // , 2012 ., 3 (078), . 5
[76] Inkerilisten Viesti, 1975, . 8-11
[77] . ., 2001, . 271.
[42] . ., 2000, . 51.

[43] . ., 2001, . 186.
[78] . (
). 1992. . . 28
[44] . ., 2001, . 189, 194.
[79] . ., 2001, . 216.
[45] . ., 2001, . 202, 213.
[80] . ., 2001, . 196.
[46] . ., 2001, . 218.
[81] . ., 2004, . 126, 166.
110
32.
[82] . (19171939). , , 2003, .

160161/170. ISBN 5-87516-020-9
[83] . ., 2001, . 199, 213.
[84] . ., 2001, . 213.
[85] . ., 2001, . 197.
[86] . ., 2001, . 265, 266.
[87] . ., 2001, . 265.
[88] -
. ., 1990. . 1. . 158159. ( . :
. 3 .)
[89] . ., 2001, . 266, 267.
[90] . ., 2001, . 214, 273.
[91]
[92] . . . , , 2012, .
148, . 78. ISBN 978-5-904790-17-2
[93] . ., 2001, . 214.
32.14.
... . . The Ingrian Question as
a Historical and Political Phenomenon (.).
2000. . 153.
... . . XIXXX . :
-, 2004. 450
. ISBN 5-98187-031-1.
. . : . : , 2004. 52 . ISBN
ISBN 5-98187-005-5.
... . . . - (1918
1920 .). : , 2001.
362 . ISBN 5-86007-269-4.
32.15.
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. 18
1918 ., . . 29 41.
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1918 ., 2007 .,
ISSN 2308-4073
[4] . . , , .
19181920 ., ., .
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( VIII: )
[5] , 19171991: , , 2007 ., . , ISBN
9789949415984, . 182
[6]
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1918 .
[7] . . : .
[8] . . . .: , 2005. 415 . ISBN
5-9524-1400-1, .101
[9] , 2009, . 38.
[10] , 2009, . 39.
[11] . . ,
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[5] 4 (17).07.1918.
[6] . ., 1994.
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[9] . ., 2003.
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37.
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978-5-8112-3010-5.
4 1918 . //
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(oblastnichestvo.lib.tomsk.ru) ( 17 2013)
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(gornovosti.ru), 12.07.2013. 2801..
38

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Les Annales de l'Ukraine / ed. par le Ministre
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16 .; 24 . (Srie politique); .
952 {old.rsl.ru} ( 5
2015)
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[5] Volodymyr Kubijovy (ed.): Ukraine A Concise

Encyclopaedia I, p.744.
. , 2009 , 16
-
[2] (
1917 - 1918 .).
[3] Russian Centre of
Vexillologia and Heraldry last edited 11.1.2010
[4] . i- i
: , 2009.
[6] Encyclopedia of Ukraine

[7] 12.05.08
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(.) // . 2009. 3.
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[10] ,
. (.) // history.org.ua. 2009.
. 217.
[11] , , (.) // i
. 2006. 1. .
95.
[12]
// (kharkiv.unian.net),
16.02.2009.
42.8.
. - . .: , 2009. . 144-157. 384 . 4000 .
ISBN 978-5-9955-0033-9.
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160
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[19] . .
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[20] . .
43.12.
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. --:
, 2008. . 320-322. 416 . ISBN
978-5-9567-0443-1.
. ., . . . .: , 2007. 640
. ISBN 978-5-17-45470-9.
. ., . .,
. .
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. ., . . .
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1997. ISBN 5-88735-045-8.
. . . 1919 . (
). 1-. .: , 2009. 636 . 250 . ISBN 978-585824-184-3.
43.13.
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...
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45.3.
[1] Chapter Six: The Final War in the East. Kars,
page 211. // Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of
Ottoman Muslims, 18211922. Author: Justin McCarthy.
Princeton: Darwin Press, 1995, XV+368 pages.ISBN
9780878500949
(.)
The Muslims of Kars had unquestionably been a majority
before the war. Upon the Ottoman defeat, they formed a
Muslim National Council (the Shura) in Kars Province.
The British, who began a de facto occupation of Kars
on 19 April 1919, gave civil and military power in the
province to the Armenians, because it was expected that
Kars would become part of the new Armenian Republic;
the Muslim majority was not consulted on this issue. Muslims were disarmed and their weapons given to Armenians, so that in eect the only armed forces in the province
were Armenian bands and some Kurdish tribes.
[2] H. Pehlivanli, The Post Armistice situation on SouthWest Caucasia in Kars and Eastern Anatolia in the
Recent History of Turkey, Ankara, 1994.
[3] W.E.D. Allen, P. Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields,
Cambridge, 1953.
45.4.
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Rorsah, Addbot, Hayk.arabaget, Mortemus, Evgeniy E., Georgiano, - : 18
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%
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Abune, Vizu, Chath, Nickpo, , Parishan, Muradwu, Tretyak, EmausBot, Acebot, WikitanvirBot, Dausfield, Gipoza, Addbot,
Hayk.arabaget, Yusif 7788 : 3
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%
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Hamelia, 55, AVB, Nemets, , Vladlen666, EmausBot, Helgikroha, WebCite Archiver, Shogiru, TemirovBot : 1
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HOBOPOCC, Vladlen666, Scriber, Movses-bot, Baden-Paul, Nick Fishman, MBHbot, Addbot : 3
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_
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Yufereff, , Skokian, , Alex Smotrov, VolkovBot, Wanderer777, Glossologist, , TXiKiBoT, 1, X-Pilot, Daphne mesereum, Riwnodennyk, David.s.kats, Ivanchay, Alex717, Pamerast, , Sunpriat, Alexbot,
45.5. ,
167
, LatitudeBot, Jackie, Alecs.bot, , WolfDW, Dmitrij1996, (), Mamai2003,

, Alxalx, , Majuro, Vognejar, Sigwald, WindBot, Nikita Kozyrev, LimeBot, ,
VAP+VYK, RedBot, TobeBot, Sergeisemenoff, Vladlen666, UeArtemis, Pvladko, Catgirl, , VolodimerBot,
Wurzel91, AbiyoyoBot, LarBot, Dennis Fry, Pintg, Scriber, Mcowkin, Deniska47, KrBot, Nysandra, Kamolan, Ig2000, Kodskoy, Llecco,
RotlinkBot, Cathry, Quaerite, YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII, Misha motsniy, Addbot, Wikilangcor, TemirovBot, Alex NB IT
: 41
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%
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: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%
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, , , Yakiv Gluck, Apr1, , Dmitrij1996, MystBot, Rubinbot, D.bratchuk, HOBOPOCC,
Fauust, Charmbook, HRoestBot, Artemis Dread, Tchernow, 22, KrBot, Paulaner-2011, 91i79, Hunu, Senior Strateg, ,
BFPlayer 0, Stanislav-1969, Addbot, Victor Krym, Alex NB IT : 5
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Johnny Rotten, TXiKiBoT, Vizu, , SieBot, Silent1936, Nickpo, Andrijko Z., Eugene M, Zabaznov, Kwasura,
Tbma, Deevrod, TEZer, Lexovolense, , MPowerDrive, LatitudeBot, VlsergeyBot, Fastboy, Dmitrij1996, EL-259,
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Tutaishy, Homme, Seryo93, HOBOPOCC, Oled, LimeBot, TobeBot, , , Arbnos, LEGO Rus, ZroBot,
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Kotokot82, Stanislavovich, Sealle, 2007 , Inctructor, Geohem, DartRaiden, Istkart, Absconditus bot, Addbot, Kwestex,
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: 43
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EmausBot, VIbot, TEP 60, , Maks Stirlitz, Artemis Dread, MaxBioHazard, Paulaner-2011, ErmakBrun, User 699, HiWBot, Shogiru, Glovacki, , , Skelanard : 6
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%
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Pianist, Yakiv Gluck, AlleborgoBot, Zirnis, Nickpo, Nesteriuc., , Alexbot, Serg2, Tat1642, VlsergeyBot, ,
MystBot, Luckas-bot, Artm, Lunarian~ruwiki, Rubinbot, Obersachsebot, Alex:D, Estlandia~ruwiki, Vasyatka1, , Xqbot,
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Acebot, Courcelles, Artemis Dread, , Haffman, 22, KrBot, Rubinbot III, MBHbot, Vladimir2623, Vladimir0719, Gvozdik,
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: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%
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D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?oldid=74473588 : DimaU, , Saluton, Dmitrij1996, , Murza-Zade, Scriber, KrBot,
Semenov.m7, , Finland, : 1
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El-chupanebrej, H2Bot, Byzantine, 18mk, Kravtz, MBHbot, !, Ryanag, Dghor, TemirovBot : 5
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%
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:
DonaldDuck, , MPowerDrive, Vladlen666, Scriber, MerlIwBot, Senior Strateg, Addbot, BASant, 29.10.98,
Balabinrm : 3
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CommonsDelinker, TXiKiBoT, Worobiew, Max071086, Michael Kasprick, LatitudeBot, WolfDW, Dmitrij1996, 55, Mamai2003,
Bulatov dv, Luckas-bot, , Flagman 22, , DSisyphBot, , Shkottt, Migueletto, Vladlen666,
Scriber, Movses-bot, Max Shestera, Addbot, Kasprick : 8
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168
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GENVELES, Nickpo, Bortorix, Stoljaroff, Tbma, Macs, LatitudeBot, Dmitrij1996, Wanwa, Rubinbot, Obersachsebot,
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Paulaner-2011, WebCite Archiver, , INSARbot, Csskyfire, Shogiru, Niruku, Diademodon, Addbot, Kaiser Guglielmo,
TextworkerBot : 16
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Man, Elmor, Lehtman, Nickpo, , MPowerDrive, , Dmitrij1996, Rubinbot, Zemant, Maximalist, GAndy, U-bot,
Kolchak1923, Seryo93, HOBOPOCC, Dimetr, Pereslavtsev, , KrBot, , MBHbot, 84, Bartini,
, 91i79, Inctructor, , , AlexTref871, MarchHare1977, Hlundi, :
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EmausBot, AndyWerner, Hjalmar, H2Bot, , Movses-bot, Maqivi, MBHbot, Abuubayda, McZusatz, , Oleg-ch,
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TXiKiBoT, Silent1936, Nickpo, Monegasque~ruwiki, Mariluna, Eugene M, Stoljaroff, Tbma, , Serg2, Macs, LatitudeBot,
Permjak, Dmitrij1996, , EugeneKA, Wanwa, Piryur, Seryo93, JLincoln, , Suomen Joutsen, MotnahpBot, Kovako-1,
ArBelov, , Murza-Zade, Artemis Dread, LarBot, Stif Komar, Scriber, Paulaner-2011, WebCite Archiver, Sealle,
McLennonSon, , Semenov.m7, , Addbot, , Force majeure : 20
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Mc laudt, Mamai2003, ZZZico, MGPortal13, , Almabot, Kaiyr, Vladlen666, Kalendar, 67, Scriber, ,
KLBot2, MBHbot, Sealle, Barbariandeagle, , Cathry, Vyacheslav84, , DimaBot, Chorvador, RpycckeN, Fesyzz,
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, , UncleMartin, Velfr, HOBOPOCC, Vladlen666, Movses-bot, : 1
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Kmorozov, Zac Allan, Abune, HalanTul, Lvova, , NBS, Wer~ruwiki, Nicolay Sidorov, , Skrod, SassoBot, Master Shadow,
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IgorMagic, CodeMonkBot, OckhamTheFox, Andrs, Alghenius, Bektur, , Bocianski, Wiking, Escarbot, Thijs!bot,
JAnDbot, , EvgenyGenkin, Otto Magnus, CommonsDelinker, VolkovBot, Glossologist, TXiKiBoT,
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Gintaras8182, Luckas-bot, Wanwa, Artm, Rubinbot, Obersachsebot, ArthurBot, H-JAM, Berillium, Amherst99, Maarcinn,
Daemon2010, EmausBot, Petras Grigas, , Mekadva, Artemis Dread, WikitanvirBot, WebCite Archiver, Hunu, Gipoza,
Shal.george, Akaznachey, Qbek16, RasabJacek, Shogiru, YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII, Addbot, Glovacki, NicitOs,
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Wulfson, Butko, Skirienko, Yakudza, Alghenius, Sasha Krotov, Dmitri Lytov, , BotCat, , MaXOR,
Thijs!bot, , , Bogomolov.PL, Celest, Rave, VasilievVV, VolkovBot, DodekBot~ruwiki, Iurius,
Mitas57, Glossologist, Aleksandrit, Vizu, , , CheloVechek, Loveless, Pianist, Jo0doe, 1e0nid,
Nickpo, Andrijko Z., Monegasque~ruwiki, Eugene M, Indianer, Kwasura, Tbma, , , Deevrod, Ilya
Mauter, Klangtao, LatitudeBot, Tat1642, , Heffalump1974, Generous, Dmitry Logvinenko, Dmitrij1996, El1604, Tirray, AVB,
MystBot, Artm, Ptbotgourou, N sam, Renessaince, Obersachsebot, Stas-Adolf, KaiserAdler, Bechamel, Maximalist,
, San-ch93, A.Skromnitsky, Kolchak1923, V-Mark, WindBot, Kirsim, Glavkom NN, Seryo93, , HOBOPOCC,
VAP+VYK, Thecakeisalie.bot, EmausBot, Odessa novoross, ZroBot, Hydropotes inermis, Artemis Dread, Hjalmar, Wikifido,
45.5. ,
169
WikitanvirBot, Scriber, Mcowkin, 22, Movses-bot, KrBot, , , MBHbot, , , Btxo,

Smirnoff 80, , BAW, , BFPlayer 0, Rotlink, Stanislav-1969, Alexej67, Addbot, ,
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Dionys, Wulfson, Dark Magus, YurikBot, Butko, Okman, , Chobot, Yakudza, Alghenius, Sasha Krotov, Dmitri Lytov,
Valodzka, Unomano, Flagoved, , Qwertic, Danvintius Bookix, , , Obla4ko, Abune, Thijs!bot,
JAnDbot, EvgenyGenkin, Int27h~ruwiki, , Otto Magnus, CommonsDelinker, Aleksandr Grigoryev, Bogomolov.PL,
Alex Smotrov, Beaumain, Dim Grits, Elefante bianco, Deutscher Friedensstifter, VolkovBot, DodekBot~ruwiki, Wanderer777, Iurius,
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Государственные Образования Периода Гражданской Войны в России

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1

34.8.2 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

41.1 2930 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

() (. Azrbaycan Xalq Cmhuriyyti

9 1918 , , 27 1920 . 11- - 8- :

Official Map Issued by Azerbaijan

[4] Almanac of Azerbaijan Republic (Baku, 1920), p. 93.

[3] Anar Isgenderli (foreword by Justin McCarthy). Realities

[22] . liyev, E. Mhrrmov. Azrbaycan Respublikasnn

[47] Michael P. Croissant. The Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict:

[66] . . ( ). , 1998, .140-141

[67] Stefan Talmon. Recognition of Governments in

[72] Cuhaj, 2008, pp. 99-100.

[53] . : - , 1963. . 3, 1. . 171.

[71] , 1993, . 58.

[5] By Andrew Andersen and Georg Egge. Armenia in the

2005. . 721. ( : [ 35 .] / . . . . ; 2004, . 2).

[5] 3 (4) 1918 3 (4)

[35] . ., . . -. // : . : , 1996. . 324. 672 . ISBN

[40] . . . 19171922 . // , 2008 10, . 149

[42] . 100- // . 2013. 4. ISSN 16833554.

[33] . . .// (.)

3 [13] , 1921 . 79.

[16] . . IV // 19171918 . : , 1937. . 8. . 12.

10 1919 . - . 23 1919 . (24

16 1919 - [9] Alex Marshall. The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule.

[12] .ORG :: : , - 19921993 .

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[4] 28 1918 1918

[6] 1918 . , 2006, . 123125

[2] Companjen Franoise. Exploring the Caucasus in the

[10] - 1920 // . . .: , 1983 .

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. . Naujj laik Lietuvos istorija.

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[3] . . . : , 2006. 415 .

[6] Gh. Cojocaru. Itinerarul Basarabiei spre realizarea

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[14] . ., 2001, . 215, 267.

[47] . ., 2004, . 24.

[15] . ., 2001, . 278.

[48] . ., 2001, . 195.

[16] Kurs, Ott Ingria: The broken landbridge between Estonia

[49] . ., 2001, . 173, 197.

[17] . ., 2001, . 160.

[50] . ., 2000, . 54.

[21] . ., 2001, . 289.

[55] . ., 2001, . 261.

[22] . ., 2001, . 217.

[56] . ., 2000, . 55, 56.

[23] . ., 2001, . 195, 196.

[57] . ., 2001, . 246, 247.

[24] Polvinen . Venajan vallankumous ja Suomi. 1917

[58] . ., 2001, . 257.

[25] . ., 2000, . 50, 60.

[60] . ., 2001, . 259, 260, 261, 262.

[26] . ., 2004, . 123.

[61] . ., 2004, . 148.

[27] . ., 2001, . 158.

[62] . ., 2001, . 270.

[28] . ., 2001, . 161.

[63] . ., 2004, . 149.

[29] . ., 2001, . 162.

[64] . ., 2001, . 272.