70 (95)

2011
 H..

VI .,
.
,
, ,
.
, II,
575 578 . ,
,
.
. , , ,
,
.
, , , .
:
, , -
. VII .
: , , (),
.
There are two inscriptions from the second half of the sixth century where the
position of the doux of Cherso is either mentioned or reconstructed. This paper
analyses the chronology of this position, functions and responsibilities of its holders,
limits of the territory under their control, as well as the Byzantine administrative
system in Taurica in general and possible historical parallels to it. The administration
of the doux of Cherso was probably established in the last years of Justin II, between
575 and 578. This reform meant the creation of a military unit including Byzantine
cities of Cherso and Bosporos, as well as fortresses in the south coast of Taurica.
The doux was the commander of imperial troops in the peninsula. Fiscal aspects,
mint, and charitable institutions probably were out of his responsibilities; they were
managed by special officials. It looks like Byzantines not only kept municipal bodies
of Cherso, but also created several new positions. The administration of Cherso
had at least two levels: top was occupied by Byzantine officers, first of all, the doux,
though bottom by municipal and some other office-holders. The position of the doux
of Cherso was liquidated in the seventh century.
Keywords: Cherso, Bosporos, doux, Byzantine administration.

.
. II (565-578) 1 .
2 XII . 3 , -
1
. . // . 1906. . 18. . 121-
123. 37. : ..
// . 1986. . 47. . 213-214. 4.
2
.. . .,
1896. . 105-109. 99.
3
.: .. VI // . 1896. . III.
. 1-17.
37
, .. .. -,
(582-602),
590 .4 ,
.. 5. ,

- VI .
,
6. ,
, : " " (
). VI . ()
,
(magister militam),
7.
..
8 9,
, 10.
4
- .. ,
// . 1893. . 16. . 82-85; ..
// . 1894. . I. . 662-671; . ... . 106-108.
5
.. VIII . // . 1898. .
. 179.
6
- "" ,
- "" ( .: .. ,
- . //
I . .. - VI . .. . , 2004. . 538-542).
, , ,
.
7
Doux // ODB. . 659; Brhier L. Les institutions de l'Empire Byzantin / Le monde byzantin. P.,
1949. P. 109-116, 339; Jones A.H The Later Roman Empire, 284-602. A Social, Economie,
and Administrative Survey. Vol. I. Baltimore, 1992. P. 44,373,376,656; Treadgold W. Byzantium
and Its Army, 284-1081. Stanford, 1995. P. 9; Diehl Ch. tudes sur l'administration Byzantine
dans l'exarchat de Ravenne (568-751).N. Y., 1972.P. 143-147,149-150; Pringle D. The Defence
of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest: An Account of the Military History
and Archaeology of the African Provinces in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries. Vol. 1. Oxford,
1981 (British Archaeological Reports, International Series. Vol. 99). P. 58; .: Grosse R. Rmi
sche Militrgeschichte von Gallienus bis zum Beginn der byzantinischen Themenverfassung. .,
1920. S. 152-161; Shahidl. Heraclius and the Theme System: Further Observations // Byz. 1989.
T. 59. P. 213; . . ., 2005.
. 54, 64, 156-157, 172; .. .
491-641 . / Militaria antiqua. . X. ., 2006. . 24, 41-42.
8
.. ... . 670-671; . -
.. ., 1908 ( . . III). . 11-12;
.. . . .; .,
1959 (. 63). . 34-35; .. (IV . .. - XII .
..). , 1977. . 108; ..
// . 1993. . III. . 138; .
IV // . 1994. . IV. . 560; . .
(590-668 .) // . 2003. . X. . 362.
9
A.A. [ II] //
. 1927. . V. . 182.
10
.. . , 1999. . 132;
. ( VI - X .).
. . 1. , 2005. . 179, 185, 620; .
// . 2008. . III. . 206-207.

38
 , ,
: ; ;
, 590 . , -
. ,
,

.
, ,
11.
. 590 . ,
- () 12 .
"
". .. , ""
, " " - 13. .
"" "" ,
:
( )
().
tribunus civitatis. , "
, ,
"14. H.H.
"",
15.
,
-. ,
, , "" () - .
11
.: . IV-VI . // . 2000. 1.
. 62; H.H. ... . 532 .; .
VI . //
. . V ,
, 20-24 2004 . , 2004. . 381 .
12
. , ,
doukas doukos ( . ... . 176, 185, 620;
. ... . 200).
, - doux (
. 184 , , ).
, ,
- dux ( .
... . 176; . ... . 200). doukos
(), ,
.. .. .
.. , ,
(.. ... . 138). doukas,
(). , .. ( )
doukas, dux
( .. : 491-641 . ., 2006.
. 41. . 1).
13
.. ... . 671.
14
. ... . 184-186; . ... . 207.
15
H.H. : //
- . 2004. . 4. . 66-67.

39
 16 -
- .17
18,
. , , 1059 .
:
... )
...19 ,
.

. . .
,
: , - ,
20.
tribuni civitatis.
VI . - ,
. Tribunus civitatis
,
. Tribuni civitatis .
21.
I
, 22. ,
tribunus civitatis , ,
. ,
.
, - "
", - " ", "".
- , , , - 23.
, ,
- , .
, "" .
( ), ( ),
"". ,
.
16
., : Schlumberger G. Sigillographie de l'Empire Byzantin. P., 1884; Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art. Vol. 1-5. Washington, 1991
2005.
17
Les listes de prsance byzantines des IXe et Xe sicles / Ed. N. Oikonomids. P., 1972.
18
., , IV . .: Latyschev . Inscriptions antiquae orae
septentrionalis Ponti Euxini graecae et latinae. T.I. Petropoli, 1916 (2 ed.). P. 411. 450;
B.B. ... . 10. 7.
19
.. ... . 17. 8.
20
Grosse R. Rmische Militrgeschichte... S. 148 und Anm. 2.
21
Jones A.H.M. The Later Roman Empire... P. 760, 101; ..
VI . ., 1959. . 506-507; O.P. . .
., 2001. . 70; .: Diehl Ch. tudes... P. 114-116, 143.
22
Jones A.H.M. The Later Roman Empire... P. 656-657.
23
., : Liddell KG., Scott R. A Greek-English Lexicon / Rev. by H.S. Jones, R. McKenzie.
Oxford, 1996. P. 1652, s.v. ; A Patristic Greek Lexicon / Ed. G.W.H. Lampe. Oxford,
1968. P. 1262-1263; .. - . M., 1991. . 1160.

40
 ,
, ,
, .

, magister militimi. VI .
""
, ,
, ( ,
. - ).
, , 24,
25, .
,
, .. ,
, ,
, ,
, 26. ,
, ,
, ( ).
- .
.
,
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
27. ,
, I (527-
565) 28, 29.
, , ,
. , ,
30.
GuillandR. Recherches sur les institutions byzantines. T. I. Berlin; Amsterdam, 1967. P. 385-391;
GascouJ. Les grands domaines, la cit et l'tat en Egypte byzantine // TM. 1985. T. 9. P. 64 et
N. 362; Les listes... P. 296, 332; . : Bury J.. The Imperial Administrative System in the
Ninth Century. With a Revised Text of The Kletorologion of Philotheos. N.Y., 1958. P. 24.
DurliatJ. Magister militum- dans l'Empire byzantin (VIe-VIIe sicles)//
BZ. 1979. Bd. 72. P. 308, cf. p. 316-317, 319-320.
Yannopoulos P.A. La Socit profane dans l'Empire byzantin des VIIe, VIIIe et IXe sicles.
Louvain, 1975. P. 35, 37, 63-65.
.. ... . 521-522; . . :
... . 588-592.
O.P., .. . ., 2000. . 47-
48; Hierokles (2) // ODB. . 930; Jones .. The Later Roman Empire... P. 712-713.
Hieroclis grammatici synecdemus // Constantinus Porphyrogenitus. De provinciis regni Byzantini /
Ed. Th.L.F. Tafel. Tubingae, 1847.
.: .. ... . 543-544.

41
 590 . ,
31, ,
. , , I,
, .. ,
32.
33.
,
,
.
- ,
, , .

,
.
.
,
, .
I34, ,
VI .
,
, .

, "" ,
.. , "
"35. .. ,
XIV . - , , ()
.
,
( )36,
, , XIV . ,
. , , -
VI . .
, ,
- ,
(.: " ") [] ; .. ,
37. ""
() , , "", ""
31
.. ... . 105-109. 99.
32
De aedificiis // Procopius. Vol. III / Ed. L. Dindorf. Bonnae, 1838 (Corpus scriptorium
historiae byzantinae). P. 262.
33
.. // . 1997. . 57. . 195-201;
.. "" //
. , 1974. . 8-12.
34
.: .. ... . 532-533.
35
.. // . 1938. 4. . 253, 255; .
... . 176, 187-188; . ... . 200, 211.

S.A. An Anonymous Byzantine Geographical Treatise// REB. 2002. T. 60. P. 168-170.

37
Ibid. P. 171; 175. Note 67.

42
"" (" []") ""38. ,
"", "",
. ,
" " "-
". , (", ")
39,
" ", . 40.

""41. - , , -
ducatus ( : )
(), ,
. 42.
VI-VII . ,
43. , ""
.
.
, ,
II (565-578) 44 . .
550- 575 .45, ..
I - .
.. , I
( ,
).
,
, 549-565 .46
,
.
I47. ,
48,
38
Ibid. . 171.
39
. - . ., 1911 (
. . II). . 154.
40
. ... . 176-177; . ... . 200.
41
. ... . 177, 178, 180, 188, 620, 624; . ... . 200,
201,203,212.
42
Shahidl. Heraclius and the Unfinished Themes of Oriens. Some Final Observations // Byz. 1994.
T. 64. P. 357; A Patristic Greek Lexicon. P. 384, s.v. .
43
Doukaton // ODB. P. 658.
44
A.A. ... . 182; . ... . 34;
.. ... . 138; .. ... . 132.
45
. ... . 180, . . 620; . ... . 203.
46
.. ... . 362-363.
47
.. I // Vita antiqua.
2003. 5-6; M.I. 3 // -
. 2005. 1.
48
Theophanis Chronographia / Ed. I. Classen. T. I. Bonnae, 1839. P. 269-271; Georgius Cedrenus
Ioannis Scylitzae ope suppletus / Ed. I. Bekker. T. I. Bonnae, 1838. P. 644-645; Charles R.H.
The Chronicle of John (c. 690 A.D.), Coptic Bishop of Nikiu, being a History of Egypt before
and during the Arab Conquest. L., 1916. P. 141; Ioannis Malalae Chronographia / Ed. L. Dindorf.
Bonnae, 1831. P. 431-432; Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre Chronicle. Pt. Ill / Transi, by
W. Witakowski. Liverpool, 1996. P. 49-50.

43
 49 , .
,
, ,
50.
(tribunus civitatis),
51.
52. ,
-

() . ,

.
,
,
. II

575 . 53.
,
54, ,
. ,
II, 575 578 . ,
.
,
55, 575/576 .
, 579/580 . 580/581 . "
"56. , .
590 . ,
.
.
57 , ,
49
.. ... . 98-105. 98.
50
.. ... . 174; .. 3 ... . 31-32.
51
: Jones ... The Later Roman Empire... P. 760; ..
... . 506-507; O.P. ... . 70; Brown T.S.
Gentlemen and Officers. Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy A.D.
554-800. Rome, 1984. P. 56-58, 116; Diehl Ch. tudes... P. 114-116, 122-123.
52
.. . T. II: 518-602 . ., 1996. . 244; Diehl Ch.
tudes... P. 83-84.
53
Corpus iuris civilis. Vol. 3. Novellae / Ed. R. Schoell, W. Croll. ., 1912. P. 751.
54
.. ... . 213-214. 4.
55
.. ... . 133 .; . ...
. 179; . ... . 203.
56
Ex historia Menandri protectoris excerpta// Dexippi, Eunapii, Petri Patricii, Prisci, Malchi,
Menandri, Olympiodori, Candidi, Monossi et Theophanis historiarum reliquae, Procopii et
Prisciani panegyrici / Ed. .G. Niebuhr, I. Bekker, L. Schopen, G. Dindorf, L. Dindorf. Bonnae,
1829. P. 404, 337; : . ... . 173.
57
Doux//ODB.P. 659; Brhier L. Les institutions... P. 109 ff., 339; JonesA.H.M. The Later Roman
Empire... P. 44, 373, 376, 656; Treadgold W. Byzantium and its Army... P. 9; Diehl Ch. tudes...
P. 143-147, 149-150; Pringle D. The Defence... P. 58; . ... . 54,
156-157, 172; .. ... . 41-42; .: Grosse R. Rmische Militrgeschichte...
S. 152-161.

44
 .

. ,
, .
- , ,
58.
( ) VI . 59.
, .
, ,
. , .
VI . -
, , .
,
VI ., , ,
.
,
. ,
60. ,
,
. , , ,
61,

62.
, ..
, . ,
.. , ,
(), .. , "-
", , .
II,
, - .
.. , , ,
, 63. :
.
. , - ,
, 64.
, .
- , . ,
, , -
58
Jones ... The Later Roman Empire... P. 376-377, 386.
59
Doux// ODB. P. 659; JonesA.H.M. The Later Roman Empire... P. 656-657; BrhierL. Les
institutions... P. 112; .. ... . 24; .: . ... . 64;
Shahidl. Heraclius and the Theme System: Further Observations // Byz. 1989. T. 59. P. 213.
60
A.M. -//
. 2007. . XIII. . 137.
61
. ... . 157.
62
Jones ... The Later Roman Empire... P. 461-462.
63
.. ... . 214.
64
. ... . 185; . ... . 207.

45
 ,
65. VI . (clarissimus)
, ,
( ),
66. .
.
, :
.
VI . . -
( ) 800
(11,12 ) . ,
. {) 400
( :
6 ). ,
.
, 40
(2880 )67. ,
, , , .
,
68.
.
,
. ,
, .
,
() VI - VII .
, -
, ,
,
69. - ,
arcarius.
70.
, , arca ( -

. : .. ... . 8.
Koch . Byzantinischen Beamtentitel von 400 bis 700. Jena, 1903. S. 15-22; .
(- .).
: , , // . 1964. . 24. . 45-48.
Jones . The Later Roman Empire... P. 397-398, cf. p. 462.
. ... . 68-71; Jones . . The Later Roman Empire... P. 400,
676.
. VI - IX . // . 1991.
. 52. . 203, 206. 13.
..
// . 1908. . XIII. . 125-126; Jones . The Later Roman Empire...
P. 417; Idem. The Later Roman Empire, 284-602. A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey.
Vol. II. Baltimore, 1992. P. 1167. N. 12; A Patristic Greek Lexikon. P. 226, s.v. ; Du
Cange Ch. Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae graecitatis. Graz, 1958. T. I. Col. 118, s.v.
; .: Durliat J. De la ville antique la ville byzantine: le problme des subsistances.
Rome, 1990. P. 154. . 193.

46
), .. " ".
- .
71. , ,
. -
, . ,
, , ,
. IV -
V . ,
72.
, . ,
- , ,
.

VI . .. ,
X, ,
I II, "",
73,
74. , , ,

. ,
,
75. , VI .
.
, ,
() .
- ,
" " (sacrae largitiones),
76, , ,
.
-
VI - VII .,
().
, , , -
71
Johnson A.Ch., West L.C Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies. Amsterdam, 1967. P. 302-303,
cf. p. 249, 269, 290, 330.
12
.. ... . 322.
73
.. . ., 1983. . 112-113.
74
.. ... . 107; .., .
V - VI .: // . 1998. . IX. . 122;
. ... . 621, . . 178; . ... . 201;
.. ... . 362-364.
75
Hendy M.F. Introduction H Idem. The Economy, Fiscal Administration and Coinage of Byzantium.
Northampton, 1989. P. xi-xii; Jones A.H.M. The Later Roman Empire... P. 441, 445; . :
Hendy M.F. On the Administrative Basis of the Byzantine Coinage C.400-C.900 and the Reforms of
Heraclius II Idem. The Economy, Fiscal Administration and Coinage of Byzantium. Northampton,
1989; Harl K. W. Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700. Baltimore; L., 1996. P. 207 ff.,
250 ff.
76
.: Jones A.H.M. The Later Roman
Empire... P. 435-437; Hendy M.F. On the Administrative Basis... P. 131-132, 140-141.

47
 , .
77.
, ..
.

" , []
" ( ).
.. VII .79
" "
- .80
, 81.

- (), ,
. .
VI .
. , ,
- .,
. ,
VI ., , ,
, .
.
, IX X . ,
, VI . (
IV .), , *2,
, *3. ,
,
.
. -, , ,
,
.
, .
. ,
. -,
.
, . - -

.. ... . 206. 14-15.

Bury J.. The Imperial Administrative System... P. 93; Guilland R. Le Grand interprte// Idem.
Titres et fonctions de l'Empire byzantine. L., 1976. P. 17.
.. . III.
// . 1899. . III. . 23.
. / . .. . ., 1991. . 30.
Constantelos D.J. Byzantine philanthropy and social welfare. New Rochelle, 1991 (2nd ed.). P. 257-
269; Brhier L. Les institutions... P. 525; Dagron G. Naissance d'une capitale. Constantinople et
ses institutions de 330 451. P., 1974. P. 516; Patlagean E. Pauvret conomique et pauvret
sociale Byzance, 4 e -7 e sicles. P., 1977. P. 29 et N. 94; P. 193; Ptochotropheion// ODB.
P. 1756.
.. ... . 534-536.
. VIII - IX . // . 2002.
. XII. . 573.

48
. , , ,
.
.
- . -
- ,
-, ,
.

VI .
- , ( -
), ,
,
, , ,
. .
- -
. ,
, 84. VI .
()
(, , ).
: , 85.
. . ,
VII .
86. ,
,
, -.
. , .
,
, , ,
. , XX .
( ,
), " ", ..
. ,
.
, VIII . -
.
.
,
, , , ( )
,
87. II
VIII . ,
88. ,

Shahidl. Heraclius and the Unfinished Themes... P. 359, 363.

Hendy M.F. On the Administrative Basis... P. 135.
. ... . 208-209 . 1-2; .: . ...
. 186.
.. ...
. ... . 569-571, 576.

49
 , . . ,
VII .89 ,

, , , VII .90
.
VII .,
, , 628-636 . -
, ,
- 91.
, ,
, , ,

() VIII ., ,
.

89
. ... . 624; . ... . 210.
90
.. ... . 569.
91
Shahidl. Heraclius and the Theme System... P. 213, 215-216;
.: Idem. Heraclius and the Theme System Revisited: the Unfinished Themes of Oriens // The
Dark Centuries of Byzantium (7-9 ) . Athens, 2001. P. 21, 26-29.