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2. . ., . . -
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, . 7, 6, 2015, . 12211239.

21
 3. Aksenov A. A., Zhluktov S. V., Savitskiy D. V., Bartenev G. Y., Pokhilko V. I.
Simulation of 3D flows past hypersonic vehicles in FlowVision software // Journal of
Physics: Conference Series, Volume 653, No. 012072, 2015,
http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/Y2015.

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3. . ., . ., . . -

// . 2013, .6,
4, . 451-459.
4. Brickman, D. and Kelley, D. Development of convection in a rotating fluid:
scales and pattern of motion // J. Atmos. Sci., 19: 389405, 1993.
5. Brickman, D. Heat flux partitioning in open-ocean convection // J. Phys. Ocean-
ogr., 25: 26092623, 1995.
6. Boubnov, B.M. and van Heijst, G.J.F. Experiments on convection from a hori-
zontal plate with and without background rotation // Exp. Fluids, 16: 155164, 1994.
7. Kilroy G, Smith R. K. Tropical cyclone convection: the effects of a vortex
boundary layer wind profile on deep convection // Quart. J.R.Met.Soc., 141,714-726.
2015.
8. Sukhanovsky A., Batalov V., Teymurazov A., and Frick P. Horizontal rolls in
convective flow above a partially heated surface // The European Physical Journal B -
Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Volume 85, Number 1 (2012), pp. 1-12.
DOI:10.1140/epjb/e2011-20420-7.

44
 9. Sukhanovskii A. and Evgrafova A. and Popova E. Horizontal rolls over localized
heat source in a cylindrical layer // Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol.316, 2016,
Pages2333.
10. Sukhanovskii A. and Evgrafova A. and Popova E. Laboratory study of a steady-
state convective cyclonic vortex // Quart. J.R.Met.Soc., 2016, doi: 10.1002/qj.2823.

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1. Seiner, J.M., Ponton, M.K., Jansen, B.J., and Lagen, N.T. The Effect of Tempera-
ture on Supersonic Jet Noise Emission// DGLR/AIAA Paper 92-02-046.-1992.
2. Putnam, L. E. and Capone, F. J. Experimental Determination of Equivalent Solid
Bodies to Represent Jets Exhausting into a Mach 2.20 External Stream/ NASA-TN-D-
5553, Dec. 1969.
3. NPARC Alliance Verification and Validation Archive [ ]
4. FlowVision . , 2015

56
 5. Wilcox D. C. Turbulence modeling for CFD. - DCW Industries, Inc., 460 p.
6. . . -
//- -
2012, .13
7. Melissa B. Carter, Sudheer Nayani, Alaa A. Elmiligui, and Richard L. Campbell.
"USM3D predictions of Supersonic Nozzle Flow", 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics
Conference, AIAA Aviation, (AIAA 2014-2270)

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1. Drew Burkhalter, Mahesh Patel. Crew module water landing simulation methods
development for NASA // Altair Engineering Inc., 2011
2. .., .., .., .., ..

- // -
3(6), 2014. . 1421.
3. Sandy M. Stubbs. Dynamic model investigation of water pressures and accelera-
tions encountered during landings of the Apollo spacecraft // NASA TN D-3980, 1967.

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5,9 5,5 0 4,0 3,4 6,5 10,9 9,9

4,0 0 0 1,3 0 8,1 5,5 8,7

22,
5,6 35,9 32,9 50,0 14,5 9,1 12,4
0
21,
0 9,4 5,3 23,3 29,0 38,2 35,8
0

0,5 0 1,6 0 0 1,6 0 0


4,2 13,9 3,1 1,3 0 4,8 3,6 4,9

4,0 2,8 3,1 2,6 0 6,5 5,5 4,9

,
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79
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3
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0,25 0,00004 0,99996
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2,0 1899000 10
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5,5 5399000 10
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86
 103 - 104 -
0,25 10
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5


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1 0,50 3,4 1,0 45 16
2 0,25 3,2 1,0 45 44
3 0,25 3,2 0,1 46 29
4 10,0 6,4 0,1 46 18

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23 ( 105). FLOWVISION -
46 18,
2 %.

87
 105 4
-

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3
K , 1/ ;
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6.
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m = N m , (2)
f

m0 , , .

7.

88
 6


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0,25 3,2
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 9


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0,1 100
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1 - 4 -
10.

10

1 2 3 4
,
5,78 6,03 3,76 0,9

(V;12) 5,77 6,36 3,1 1,34

(V;13) 5,94 6,18 3,54 1,42

(V;14) 5,92 6,08 3,16 0,22
(V;15) 5,94 6,22 3,66 0,28
(V;16) 5,78 6,26 5,36 1,4

(VI;12) 5,9 6,28 3,3 1,58
(VI;13) 5,8 6,2 3,94 0,98
(VI;14) 5,95 6,04 3,44 0,36
(VI;15) 6,02 6,26 4,02 0,06
(VI;16) 5,84 6,24 5,44 1,92

5,886 6,212 3,986 0,87
,
, % 1,8 2,9 5,6 3,5

91

1 5,886 , 2 7,420 ,
3 3,986 , 4 0,870 .
-
:
S S
S = p f
100% , (3)
Sp
Sp , ;
Sf , .
-
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0,1 -
45 29, 3,4, 0,5 -
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92

SIMULIA ABAQUS
(REGIONAL USER MEETING
DASSAULT SYSTEMES SIMULIA)




.., ..
, . ,

( - ) -
, .
-, -
-
, , ,
,
. -
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.
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-
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,

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, -031[1] , -
7%, ,
2 3%, ,

, .


.

94
 , -
, 107.
,
.
, .
-
.
.

= 2.1107 /2
;
L = 60 ;
F = 870 2 ;
= 3.72 /3
;
2= 5108 /
;
=1.4107 /
;
= 0.04
.

107 -

, M = FL =194184 ,
K1 = EF/L = 3108 /. = 108 /,
1 = 3, 2 = 5.
, ,
107.
-
, -

95
 -
.
1. :
[]= 1 1 = 3 3 ,

1 1 +2 3 8
/2 0 m 0
[]= 0 / 2 = 0 m.

-
:
[ K M ] = 0 , (1)
- ,
,
.
, -
(1)

3k m
3k 3k =0 (2)
8k m

:
( 3k m )( 8 k m ) 9 k 2 = 0,

2 11 2 + 15 4 = 0 ,
k/m = 2 =1030 .
:
1 = 1, 6 2 = 165 0 ; 2 = 9 , 4 2 = 9 682 ,
f1= 6,4 f2 = 15,6 . -
.
,

U1
1 = ,
U2

96
 U1
(3k 1.6k, -3k) = 0.
U2
1
1 = U 1
0,47

, , =1, :
1 1

2 (1, 0,47) m0 1 = 1,
U
1
0m 0,47

=2,9103
1
U1 =
m 1+0,472

29
1 = 104
14
:

14
2 = 104
29

, -
Abaqus[2].
-
:

M T
i i
[K ] , i=1,2.
=
(3)
iT[K] i
~
K , -
. -

97
 B
2 = 100% =70%
2 K M
2
~
K :
~ 1K1 K 0,043 0,043 108 =
=
[K ]= 1K 1+ K 0,043 0,043+0,75
K
1 1 1 1 2 2
0,12 0,12
= 108
0,12 3, 62


:
0,12 0,12 29
0,12 3,62 14
(29,14)
= 3 29 = 43%
1 (29,14) 3

3 8 14
2 = 32%.
Abaqus -
.
-

. , -

,
, . -
,

.
= 2 f = 40,2 /
1 1
2 = 2 f2 =97,97 / =0,04 :
= 2 /( + ) = 2, 28 ,
1 2 1 2
= 2 / ( + ) = 0, 00058 ,
1 2

98
 97092 0 3
C = M + K = 2,28 +0,00058 3 108=
3 8
0 97092
3.9 1, 74
= 105

1,74 6,85
, -
, ..
3,9 1, 74 0 0 3,9 1, 74
= 1,74 6,85 105 + 0 1, 4 107 = 1,74 146, 9 105 (4)

-

= 2M(), (5)
,
, ,
, -
(/),
Z , -
. :
0 40,2 0
= 1 =
0 2 0 97,97
0 = 0,43 0
Z= 1 0 0, 32

0
2
97092 0
= () = 29 14
28157 13593 10-2
0 97092 14 29 10 -4
= 13593 28157

(5), :
39 10, 6
= 105 (6)
10,6 56


( ) (
4 6) , (1,1)
, ,
(2,2). -

99
 1
. -
2 .
1

B = B
2 K2 M

B 0 14% 28% 35% 42% 70%

7 7 7 7
0 0,2810 0,5610 0,7010 0,8410 1,40107
a1 = 2.6
a1 = max
- max a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = /2
max max max max
- 6,3/2 4,0/2 3,5/2 3,2/2 a2 = 1.2
15/2 max
/2
a1 = 1.7
max
-
a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = /2
max max max max max
15/ 2
6,3/2 3,5/2 2,9/2 2,5/2 a2 = 1.3
max
/2
Sim- a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = a1 = 2.6
- max max max max max max
15/ 2
6,3/ 2
4,0/ 2
3,5/ 2
3,2/ 2
/2

. a1 = 3.1
max

/2
20%
a2 = 1.8
- max
/2
-

-
4% 9,7% 17,6% 21,6% 25,6% 41,5%
-
-

100
 1 2 Abaqus

, 6,4 . -
50 , .
1. -
, -
70% .
1 1
2, ,
Sim .
20% -
, .
108 -
.

Direct
Integration
Modal
Dynamic
SIM
, /2

Modal 20%
limiting
2
3.14/

, %

108

2
Boeing 747 200 /c. -
1. , -
109.

101
 109 Boeing 747
2
( B = 70%)

2,6 /2

a1max 1,8 /2

20%- 2,8 /2

0,86 /2

a2max 0,79 /2

20%- 1,40 /2

,
Sim-
.
(
12%) . , ,
,

102
 ; , -
, ,
70% 57%.
,
-
. .
, ( ASCE 4-98 [3]),
20% , -
, ,
.
-
, 110, .

110 .

. -
, -
, -
( , -
).
(): bx=45%, by=44%, bz=33%.
7%.
, ,
, 4 100.

103
 0.001 , -
,
0.001. -
100.
111
20%- ,
, , -
c SIM , -
.
X X
40.0 12.0

Direct
Direct
35.0
Modal
10.0 Modal
SIM
30.0
SIM

8.0
25.0
Acceleration, m/s2

Acceleration, m/s2
20.0
6.0

15.0

4.0
10.0

5.0 2.0

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
0.0
Frequency, Hz
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Frequency, Hz

Y Y
80.0 25.0

Direct Direct

70.0
Modal Modal
20.0

60.0 SIM SIM

50.0
15.0
Acceleration, m/s2
Acceleration, m/s2

40.0

10.0
30.0

20.0
5.0

10.0

0.0 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Frequency, Hz Frequency, Hz

Z Z
40.0 18.0

Direct Direct
16.0
35.0
Modal Modal

14.0
30.0 SIM SIM

12.0
25.0
Acceleration, m/s2
Acceleration, m/s2

10.0

20.0
8.0

15.0
6.0

10.0
4.0

5.0 2.0

0.0 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Frequency, Hz Frequency, Hz

(=5%) (=5%)


111

104
 ,

, . -
.
,
, -
. -
: -
,
.
SIM , -
.

, , 100, , 20%- -
.

,
.
:
1. - ,
;
2. - ,
( ASCE4-98);
3. SIM Abaqus, -
-
-
. -
.

1. -031-01. .
, 2002.
2. Abaqus V13.1, Dassault Systemes SIMULIA CORP.
3. ASCE4-98. ASCE STANDARD. Seismic analysis of safety related nuclear struc-
tures and commentary. Approval 1992.

105




..
, . ,

,
, ,
- ,
, -
( 112, 113).
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:
2-
-1-011-89/97, 1- -
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, , -
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(), , -
-
, -
.
, -
, -
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-
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liftoff. , -
- -

106
 ( )
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)
)

112 -2006. -
(); (); ();
()

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Precont Cobef,
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107
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.

113
+0,000 [16]
, , -
-
-
.
-
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, .. .
-

,
( 114) [3]:

108
 ) )

114 () -
()

= N0((, rJ, ()X0 + N1((, rJ, ()X1 + N2((, rJ, ()X2 + + N7((, rJ, ()X7
= N0((, rJ, ()0 + N1((, rJ, ()1 + N2((, rJ, ()2 + + N7((, rJ, ()7 (5)
z = N0((, rJ, ()Z0 + N1((, rJ, ()Z1 + N2((, rJ, ()Z2 + + N7((, rJ, ()Z7

:

N0((, rJ, () X 10 Z1 Z0
X10
N1((, rJ, () = [ z] (6)


N7((, rJ, () X7 7 Z7
T
N0((, rJ, ()
N1((, rJ, ()
, -

N7((, rJ, ()
, , ;
X0 Y 0 Z0
X1 Y1 Z1
-

X7 Y 7 Z7
;
[ z] ,
, , .
, , -1 +1:
[1; +1]
[1; +1] (7)
[1; +1]

109

( 115) :
1
Ni= (1 ()(1 rJ)(1 (),i = 07 (8) 8

115

0 .
= 1, = 1, = 1. , 1.
, 0 :
1
N = (1 (1))(1 (1))(1 (1)) N
0 0
8
1
= (1 )(1 )(1 ) (9)
8
(8) (9)
1
N0= (1 )(1 )(1 );
8
1
N1 = (1 + )(1 )(1 );
8
1
N2= (1 + )(1 + )(1 );
8
1
N = (1 )(1 + )(1 );
8
: 1 (10)
N4= (1 )(1 )(1 + );
8
1
N5= (1 + )(1 )(1 + );
8
1
N6= (1 + )(1 + )(1 + );
8
1
N7= (1 )(1 + )(1 + );
8

110
 , (, rJ, (
, -
x, y, z . , (6)
(10), , , :
T
[[N((, rJ, ()]T[X]] [] = 0
T
1 T l
(1 )(1 )(1 )l
8
1 X0 0 Z0
(1 + )(1 )(1 )
X1 1 Z1 = 0 (11)
z
8
1 X7 7 Z7
(1 )(1 + )(1 +
l )J
l8 J
(11) 3- -
, (, rJ, (
, -
[6].
, (11) -
:
T
1 T
l
(1 )(1 )(1 )l X0 0 Z0
8
1 x ((, rJ, ()
(1 + )(1 )(1 ) X1 1 Z1
8 = y((, rJ, ()
1 X Z z z((, rJ, ()
(1 )(1 + )(1 + 7 7 7

l )J
l8 J
= [((, rJ, ()] (12)
[((, rJ, ()] ,
(, rJ, ( x,y,z -
, .
(, rJ, ( (11)
, (k-
1) (k-1) (k-1)
, , . ()
(, rJ, (,
(11) :

111
 ((k) = ((k-1) + (
rJ (k) = rJ (k-1) + rJ (13)
((k) = ((k-1) + (
(11) ,
, -
(12):
x x x
((k), (k), (k)) + ( + rJ + (
x x

y rJ
y
(
y
((k), (k), (k)) + ( + rJ + ( (14)
y y
rJ (
(k) (k) (k)
z z z
( , , )+ ( + rJ + (
z z
rJ (
(14) x, y, z -
(k-1), (k-1), (k-1).
(11) (14) , -
, .. -
x, y, z. -
:
x x x
( + rJ + ( =
x

rJ
(

y y y
( + rJ + ( = (15)
y
rJ (
z z z
( + rJ + ( =
z
rJ (
(15) ,
, :
x x x
l
rJ (
y y y
rJ ]= (16)
(
z z z
l rJ ( J
(15) ,
(15)(16):

112
 x x
( xl
rJ ( x
y y y
rJ = y (17)
rJ ( ( z
z z z
l rJ ( J
[]] [] = []
(
,[] = rJ .
(
:
[] = []]-1 [] (18)
,
(11)
(, rJ, (, -
(15) (17). :
|((, rJ, ()| < (19)
,
-1 +1 (7), -
:
((0) = 0
rJ(0) = 0 (20)
((0) = 0
(, rJ, ( -
(11) ( -
) (10) -
8- -
. , ,
-
:

Fx fx0 fx7
Fy [N0 N7] = fy0 fy7 (24)
Fz fz0 fz7

113
 Fx
, Fy , -
Fz
(2);
fx0 fx7
fy0 fy7 -
fz0 fz7
.
,
,
-
-
.


. ,
ABAQUS:
-
45948 -
+12,400;
+26,400; +30,600 ( 116-118);
-
186637 128 -
-2006 ( -
-2, (),
() ( 119, 120) [16].
-
:
= 39000 ;
() = 0.2;
= 0.001;
f = 0.05;
= 195000 ;
N = 11.4 (1162);
l = 0.006.

114
 116 45948
3- +12,400; +26,400;
+30,600
R22.85.
( 117) .
( ) 6
( 3- ). .
( 118, () ()) -

, (-
118, ).
, ( ).

) )
116 - -2006
45948 C3D8 () ( + )
()

( ) -
,
. , -
, 4- 8-.
, -
-
-
. ,

30% .

115
 117 Mises, ,

() ()

118 CF,
( , ) ()
( )

, - -
-
, -
. , -

, -
.
. , -

116
, , -
,
.

119 CF,
22.60

120 CF,
22.40

1. . , . .
./. . ., .. .: .
1974. 240 .
2. . . . / . . . . -
. .: . 1975. 543 .
3. . . . / . . . .
; . . . . .: . 1979. 395 .

117
 4. . . . / . . .
. . .: . 1983. 246 .
5. . , . . -
. / . . . . .; . . . . .: -
. 1982. 448 .
6. . , . . : .
2- ., . . - .: , 2003. - 304 .
7. . . . .
.: -. 2003. 560 .
8. . . .
1 .
244 2007
9. . . .
. .
-., : . , 1996. - . 8, . 150-155.
10. . . . -
-
-1000.
. . 4 .: , 2003. 184 .
11. . . . -
. ., -
: . .
1, 2010. .49-53.ISSN 1681-6560.
12. -001-97, -01-011-97 (-88/97) -
.
13. -010-98 -
.
14. -5.6 -
.
15. 1.2.2.01.999.00009-2011 1 16.04.2012.
- .
, , 2012.
16. - . -
, .
NW2O.D.120.010.RL.0016.

118
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ABAQUS..
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2. rn_tab 3. na
3. htf
4. atf ( ) 4. nh
5. h_tab
6. h0

121
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164
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168
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171
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173
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174
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175

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176
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177


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192
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193
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1. Fadeev A.V., Bazhenov V.E., Koltygin, A.V. Improvement in the casting technol-
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produced by induction crucible melting. Russian journal of non-ferrous metals. Vol 56,
Issue 1, Jan 2015, pp. 2632.
2. D.R. Li, Z.Y. Liu, Y. Yu, E.D.Wang. Numerical simulation of hot hydrostatic ex-
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