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Authorized translation from the english language edition, entitled COMPJXTE MANUAL OF TYK)GWHY, THE,
1st Edition, 0321127307 by FELICI, JAMES, published by Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Adobe Press,
Copyright @ O 3 . All rights Itsenred. No p a t of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any Eo~mor by any means,
electm~ucor mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, witimut permis-
sion from Pearson Education, Inc. RUSSIAN lanbwage edition published by BHV- St. Petenburg, Copyright O 2004.
A~~opn30~a~ nepeBon
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ISBN 0-321-12730-7(~uuA.) 0 2003 by Adobe Press, Pearsons Education, Inc.

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L I ~ I Postscript H ATM ..............................................................
~ K ~ X I HLLIPI?+TJ, 138
I'apamypa a ee HaqepTaHaa ................................................................................ 139
~KPXIHLU HMEITaUIU OTCYTCTBYIOllIeTOIIXpII+Ta ............................................... 141
~ K P X I H L ILU~LI+TLI
~ +op~a~ TrueType
a ..........................................................142
K ~ OIIepauaoHHbIe
K CIlCTeMbI JTlpaBNfHIT LIIPM+T~MII .............................................142
H c n o p q e ~ ~ rupnclp~osb~e
b~e + a i i n ~........................................................................
~ 144
~0TepXHHbIeIIIpIl@oBbIe +*LI ..........................................................................145
& y 6 m p o s a ~ ~ bm 1 ep ~ + ~ o s bcl3aiin~1
~e ...................................................................
147
y6naposame HOMepOB ~ N + T O B ........................................................................ 147
B ~ e n p e ~ IJ.IpFi+Ta
ae B AOKyMeHT ............................................................................ 148
B ~ e n p e m eg a m rupx+~a...................................................................................... 149
ABTOPCKO~ npaBo B o6nacm I I I ~ H + T.......................................................................
~ 149

.
YACTb I1 KAK BEPCTATb TEKCT ....................................... 167
 & E I H H ~ I ~CTPOKH H ~ A ~ T H b lHf H
i TepAHHbRX ..................... . . ...........................160
n p 0 6 A e ~ b 1Y3KHX KOAOHOK .................................................................................. 161
B H 3 y a A b H b l e 3 + + e ~ T b 1 H n p 0 6 A e ~ b 1BbIPaDHHBaHHR ....................... . ............ 163
Jo~ep&e rnasy ............................. . ......................................................................
165

.
r n a ~ a9 l l I a p n ~ anonocax ~ a 6 o p a .
KerAb H EiHTepAEXHbRXC ..........................................169
&HHa CTpOKH NAH Q O ~ M ~KOAOHKN
T ..................................................................... 169
Kerhb N + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH ...................... . . ..................................................... 174
~ ~ ~ A I ..............................................................................................................
I H ~ X ~ 175
ABTOM~T~I'I~CKH H~H~T e p A H H b X X ...................... . ...................................................178
&T~~ANH~XX B TeKCTOBbIX p a M K a X ...................................................................... 179
~ Z ~ B H C H M O COTT~~ U B K UOT K W A R ............................................................................ 180
~ I H T ~ ~ A H H Ei
~ XOT~EIBKU
X ......................................................................... 182
C A B H ~AHHHH IIIpH+Ta .............................................................................................183
~ H T e p h H H b X XB BbIBOPOTKe ............................................................................. 185
ACIIMM~T~H H HYT eH
p A~HIH~b X~X B B m A e H T H O M ~ a 6 0 p e....................................185
k h T e p A N H b x ~B HeTeKCTOBOM ~ a 6 o p e................................................................... 186
~ I H T ~ ~ A ~ In H p H~~Ra x6 0 p B e HeCKOAbKO KOAOHOK ................................................186
Oco6b1e n a p a ~ e ~ p m b rp n Q ~ a.................................................................................. 188
~ I I K B K~e r ,A b H + O ~ M ~KOAOHKEi T ..................................................................188
POCT~ O Z I H ~ ~I YX K B............................................................................................. 188
O~IQZI.X I l I H p H H a 3HPKOB ....................................................................................... 189
H ~ C ~ I L ~ ~rrrrpHXOB H H O C.....................................................................................
T~ 190
r p o r e c ~K, e r s H msipnna ~ O A O C ~~ aI 6 0 p a...................................................... 190
ra~HHTYpb1 H H H T e p A H H b R X .................................................................................... 191
 Mecra paspb~aac r p o ~......................................................................................... 203
P e r y n q o s a ~ u en p o 6 e ~ ....................................
o~ ......................................................
204
PeryhuposaHue nepeHocoB ............................................................................... 2 0 6
3 o ~ b nepe~oca
1 ........................ .
. ..........................................................................
208
Cnoco6b1nepe~oca............................................................................................... 208
Bxnbl A ~ + U C O B ..................................................................................................... 209
C m u n e p e ~ o c o........................
~ ....... .............................................................
210
go6asneme B a o ~ a p nb e p e ~ o c o.........................................................................
~ 211
Bm-e +op~a~ n ao ~ o ~ca ~6 o~p a.......................................................................... 212
M ~ X C A O Bnpo6enb1 H ~ I ~ &i+naroabrii ~ a 6 o p............................................................ 212
Merncnos~b~e npo6enb1 11 BbIKAWYKa no + O P M ~ T ~.............................................. 214
& i a n a s o ~ bu~ s ~ e ~ anpomefi e ~ m .............................................................................. 219
h P 0 H XIpHHyAHTeAbHaX
~ BbIKAWsKa ............................................................ 220
npHeMb1 p a s p ~ q ~Hk npo6ne~b1i .........................................................................
222
M ~ M ~ HU~ ~HM HB HH~~ K O BB ~ O U ~ BC~ ICK A~ W ~ K .........................
H . . ...................223
.
.
l l p o a e p ~ aYCT~HOBOK+ ~ H K W E I n e p e ~ o c oH ~B ~ I K A W W H ..................... ............225
Y c r a ~ o ~nomp o n ~ m r .....................................................................................
o 225
Bbmsnemie ki ycrpaHe~uen p o 6 n e ~BepCTKH ..........................................................225
Pasperne~~m b ~ue c x a ~ ~~ Oe K ........................................................................
H 226
O T A W Kn~e p e ~ o c o.............................................................................................
~ 226
McIIpaBheHue npo6enoa .....................................................................................227
np06he~b1uweTa>>a63aua ..................................................................................... 228
Bucmne ~ O K .........................
H . . ........................................................................
230
Cnace~ue~ B ~ O B ................................................................................................
~ I D 231
I I o ~ o w b<<cupme>> ...............................................................................................
231
Bep~manbHoeBbIpaBHHBaHIle ................................................................................. 232
B ~ ~ T H K u ~BbIpaBmiBaHEle
Ho~ TeKCTOBOrO ~ A O .............................................
K ~ 234
Kopwopb~B TeKCTe .................................................................................................. 234
B c Tpamoro ~ ~ KPM ....................................................................................... 236
 M e a a pa3pbIBa c r p o ~ .............................................................................................. 203
Peryh~iposamenpo6eho.s ............................................................................................ 204
Peryhrposm~en e p e ~ o c o.......................................................................................
~ 206
30Hb1 nepe~oca .......................................................................................................... 208
Cnoco6b1nepe~oca................................................................................................ 208
Bx,qb~ne+acoa ........................................................................................................209
C ~ n e pHe ~ o c o....................................................................................................
~ 210
JI, 0 6 a ~ n e m eB choaapb n e p e ~ o c o......................................................................
~ 211
B m m ~ i e+ o p ~ a ~nohocbr a ~ a 6 o p a................................................................... 212
M~XC~OB H ~ I ~Fi +haX'oBb~ii ~ a 6 o p......................................................... 212
npo6enb1
Mexcho~xb~e npo6ehb1 Fi BbIKhlosKa no +0pMaTJ' ............................................... 214
&ma30Hb1 H3MeHeHPUI ~ ~ I I P o I I..............................................................................
I~~~ 219
hp0ll.I~ Fi IIpkmynMTeAbHaR BbIKAlosKa ........................... .
. ................................220
npFieMb1 pa3pWKH Fi np06heMb1 ......................................................................... 222
b ~ e ~ e mupm m e B H ~ K O BB nposecce B~IKAIOYKEI ................................................. 223
n p o s e p ~ a~ C T ~ H O B O +K~ H K ~ I I I In e p e ~ o c o~i~~ b ~ ~ n l o.......................................
wa 225
YCT~HOBKM no YMOAZI~HF~H) ..................;................................................................. 225
Bbm~heme~i y c r p a ~ e ~n~pioe6 h e ~sepcncn ........................... . . ......................225
Pasperne~~bre ~ l cxamxeh ~ CTPOKH ....................................................................... 226
O T A ~n K e p~e ~ o c o.............................................................................................
~ 226
M c n p a ~ h e ~npo6eno~
~ie ....................................................................................... 227
n p 0 6 h e ~ b <<riBeTas
1 a6aaqa ..................................................................................... 228
B ~ i c m ce r p o ~........................................................................................................
~i 230
C n a c e ~ ~Ni eB ~ O B ~ ................................................................................................
I, 231
n0MoIIXb <<CHpOTeB............................................................................................... 231
Bep~nKaAb~oe BbIpaBHFiBElHFie ................................................................................. 232
Bep~FiKaAbHoeBbIpaBHHBElHHe TeKCTOBOI'O ~ A O ..............................................
K ~ 234
Kopwopbr B T e ~ c r e.................................................................................................. 234
B c ~ e m p~saa ~ o r oK P ~ S........................................................................................... 236
r ~ a 12 .
~ aOTCTJ'IIBIEi BbIPSLBHWBaHHe ................................... 257
B W ~OI T ~ I ~ ~ .......................................................................................................
O B 257
O r c ~ y n. 6 y ~ .....................................................................................258
a ~ p ~ a6saqa
llomorm~b~e 0~erym.1............................................................................................ 259
B H C ~ Y~ HO~ K EIHn o c ~ o m m e0~crym.1........................................................... 260
A63am1e OTCTYII~I ............................................................................................... 260
A63au~b1Go ~ c r y n p +~n a r o s o ~na6ope ....................................................... 262
h a 3 OT a63aq~oroo ~ c ~ y n.............................................................................
a 262
OTcrynb~BTIDKICOG .............................................................................................2 6 3
&c?ynb1 no TOYKe EZhH 3H;LKY ................................................................................ 264
H a K n o ~ ~ KOAOHKH
b~e ~ a 6 0 pH a 0 6 ~ e ~ a ~..............................................................
ne 265
HaKno~~bre ~ A O K HTeKcfa ................................................................................266
npkmukmb1o 6 ~ e ~ ............................................................................................
m s 266
O ~ T ~ K~PXM0)TOhbHkiKOB
~ H H ~ ......................................................................268
O ~ T ~ KO ~~ H ~ ~H K ~Tnenpasmbnofi
O B + o p ~ b l.......................................................271
Bbxpa~misame~ Y K BH TeKCTOBbX ~ A O K O B................................................................272
C-rpa~~lua H cema r u p ~ l + ~....................................................................
a 273
T e ~ m o s a aPpaMa H ee BbIpaBHMBaHHe ..........................................................273
B~PH-I BepTElKaAbHOrO BbIpilBHuBXIHX .............................................................274
B b r p a s ~ ~ s a mnoe sepxy .....................................................................................275
Bbrpasmswne no uem-py ................................................................................... 276
Bbrpa~nmameno HH3Y ................................................................................... 277
B~lcsque3HaKPi .........................................................................................................277
B~3yahb~oe BbIpaBHHBaHEIe .........................................................................................278
Coaepma~ue XXl
XXII CoJepxanue

.
r n a ~ a14 CTPYICTYP~n0KyMeHTa
m npasmna ~ ~ n o r p a + m ~ u ....................................... 313
C-rpyr~qpm~e ~A~M~HT .............................................................................................
LI 313
~ ~ ~ O A O BrAElK HBLI ......................................................................................................315
~OA~WOAOBKM .........................................................................................................316
O c o 6 e ~ ~ oO m T ~ H B O KB 3WOAOBKaX .................................................................. 319
~ ~ T J T B~ 3WOAOBKaX
L I .........................................................................................
320
~ ~ ~ O A O BBK0H 6 0 p ~ y.............................................................................................
320
B L I A ~ A ~UHMH T ~~TI................................................................................................
~~I 321
P ~ X H c-rpyr~qp~x
M A o ~ p e m Ma orna~neaae..................................................... 322
00pMa XIpeACTaBAeHIvr CrpYKTJ'PbIAOKyMeHTa ................................................. 323
Ornasne~~ ...........................................................................................................
e 324
C p e ~ c m aH m ~ r a q ~..................................................................................................
n 325
H y ~ e p a ~ ~c lrrpr a ~ .....~ q ..........................................................................................
; 326
K O A O H T ~ ~............................................................................................................
ALI 327
C ~ p o npononmeHlUl
~a ..............................................................................................
328
Map~epbiKo~uaMa~epaana............................................................................... 330
H ~ ~ ~ B M TeKCTOBbIe
C H M ~ I3AeMeHTLI ~ .........................................................................
330
n o n n ~ Hc n~e r e a n ~................................................................................................
~ 331
CHOCKH .......................................................................................................................
332
kern^ II x m e p n ~ m r r xB C H O C K ~ X ........................................................................ 333
~ l e ..........................................................................................
B b ~ p a n m a a ~CHOCOK 335
Y K ~ ~ ~CHOCOK M
.
T ~ A.................................................................................................
r
336
B C I I O M O ~ ~ TyKa3aTeAM
~ A ~ H L I(MHA~KCLI)
~ ...................................................................
337
LUPII+T M kern^ AAX y ~ a 3 a ~ e n............................................................................
ei 337
C m u O T C T ~ ~ OyB~ a s a ~ e n ...................................................................................
ef 338
C ~ m Bb n o ~ 6 o p..................................................................................................... 339
CT~lnbC OTcTynaMM ............................................................................................... 340
np06ne~b1p a s p ~ ~ c-rpa~~lu aa B y~a3a~enrrx ..........................................................
340
~ ~ 6 n ~ o r p a + ~ s oe n c ~~ ocea ..................................................................................
~~e 341
 IIp06hem1 ~ H I I + I ~ ~ I I P O B ~ H H OIIOAXOAa
~O K IIOCTpOeHIIIo T ~ ~ A M..................
U 350
rapHHTYpa. KerAb H MHTepAHHbXX .......................................................................... 352
B ~ I P ~ ~ B M BB~~HaH6 X n ~ u .....................................................................................
ax 353
~TCT~IB I ~Xsef
I ax ~ a 6 m u b 1.............................................................................
354
P a s r p a m i ~ m e n ~ n~ m b ~r e i i ~B ~ a 6 n ~ u a............................................................
x 355
T e m k i ~ a~ a 6 o p ~a a 6 m 4............................................................................................
355
COTHOLII~M~ IlIMpPiH KOAOHOK ki npo6eno~MeXAy HHMM ....................................357
~ H T ~ ~ A H HB ~~ X aX6 n ~ u ......................................................................................
ax 358
~ I H T ~ P A~ I~I ~H~ ~~ ~ ~ H W Y H TAMHeeK ~ A L H.....................................................
~ I X 358
~ e q ~ p o s a mTiee~ c r aMemy n m e i i ~ a m..........................................................
i 361
Bb~paswi~awle 3WOAOBKOB H AXIHbIX .................................................................... 363
n p o 6 n e ~ b BbIpaBHHBmX
1 YHCAOBbIX naHHbIX ...................................................... 364
Bucswe ~ H ~ KB YMCAOB~IX M ~ a 6 n ~ q ...................................................................
ax 366
B~IP~BHMB~LHH~ 3 H Z O B BaAIOTbI ..............................................................................368
f i ~ e i6e3 i ~~~~ a ~ e m..............................................................................................
iii 369
kIMmpykre ................................................................................................................. 370
 .
rnasa 17 T e x ~ o n o mc ~ w n e i i .............................................. 385
Karc p a 6 o ~ a T ~HOAOITIX CTmefi ............................................................................ 385
eeX
Pacnesama ~a6mub1 c m e i i ................................................................................... 387
C'I'HAHCUMBOAbHbIe Li a63mb1e .............................................................................. 387
C m a uenyrouero a63a4a ......................... . . ................................................. 388
Cosname m a ............................................................................................................ 388
Hachenoaamie m e i i ..............................................................................................389
Co3ame ems Ha O C H O B ~cymemymuzero Te~cra............................................391
kTcno~b30same~a6-u cruneii .............................................................................392
Ynaheme m e i i ...................................................................................................... 393
Mow+nmpym~neY C T ~ H O B K...............................................................................
~ 393
EIcno~bsosanne m e i i CO~A~HFIX nepeonpeneneIMii................................394
~ I O n~3C aK~ em~ ae i i ..................................................................................... 3 9 5
~ e n c~pymypan o ~ y ~ e w.............................................................
A 6 3 a u ~ crunw ra 395
Phmopmpoaa~aem e i i ........................................................................................ 396

.
rnasa 18 npo6ne~axpa3peme~~ur
n p sd~sone
~ ......................399
I ' I p e v e m a sbico~oropa3peruem ....................................................................399
~ ~ K T Oonpenexmane
P~I, Y ~ T K q O n~ @ a npa n e ~ a m ................................. 400
nesam c M ~ K E I M p a ~ p e m e m .............................................................................
e~ 400
H36eraiiTe Men~oroKerm ................................................................................... 402
EIa6erah-e B~IBOPOTOK n Te~craHa +one ...........................................................402
H36eraiiTe na6opa non y r n o ~ Te~craKmxnoro Kerm ..................................402
3 ~ p a m ~ 1q i in + .....................................................................................................
~ 403
IIIpn+-rb~, qR~3 ~ p a ~ n onpencrasnemx
r0 ............................................................. 403
dpyfue cnoco6b1y A p m e m pa360p~moc~n Ha 3~pane ...................................... 405
Tmorpa+ma n ~ o s a rnay~nxia i ...................................................................... 4 0 7
b ~ ....................................................................................................408
l I e p c n e ~ m CSS
ZITO M O I ~ Tn e ~ a m~ a c ~ w w ~ e ..................................................................409
K o M M ~ H T ~ ~IIepeBOn9HKa
HH .................................................. 413
K rnase 1 ..................................................................................................................
413
K rnase 2 ...................................................................................................................
422
K rnase 3 ...................................................................................................................
424
K rnase 4 ...................................................................................................................
432
K rnase 5 ...................................................................................................................
434
K rnase 6 ..................................................................................................................
436
K rnase 7 ...................................................................................................................
439
K rnase 8 ............................................................................................................... 439
K rnase 9 .................................................................................................................
442
K rnase 10 ...............................................................................................................444
K rnase 11 .................................................................................................................
446
K rnase 12 .................................................................................................................
447
K rnase 13 ...............................................................................................................
449
K rnase 14 .................................................................................................................
451
K rnase 15 ...............................................................................................................
455
K rnane 18 ............................................................................................................... 456
 qpyrmn C A O B ~ M ~-, K ~ Knpo-
K ~ KU C T O ~ ,q06mbc~,
O
+ ~ C C M O H ~ ~~
~aH 6On p a Pi B IIepByIO
n B e p C T a T b TeKCT.
osepem, oxia nocamqeea rupucPry B nomrpa+m, XOTR
TCM, K T 0 ZIHTaeT TeKCT C 3 K p a H a MOHFiTOpa, BCe P a B H O
nymna ~ ~ l n o r p a + n s e c ~nao xn a e p m K a , n o c K o A b K y
B b I B o n rupe+~aH a 3 ~ p Hae 0~6 x o n m c f i 6e3 H e e .
K n ~ r aopram30sa~aT ~ K H M06pa30~,w o B ~ MO- I
me-re M C ~ O A L ~ O B ~ee T Lnaomo: ax ~ Y ~ ~ H K U OKT,O P ~ I ~ ~
cnenye-r r I m a T b OT KOPKU AO KOPKM, M K a K cnpanos-
H o e ~ ~ K O B O U C T B OK, KOTOPOMY 0 6 p a ~ ~ m cno 1 1M e p e
H~O~XO~MMOCTM.
TO PYKOBOACTBO nOCBffWeH0 H e CTUheBbIM OCO-
~ ~ H H O C T X rMu p ~ + ~(style
a guide), a ero n p n M e H e m m
(execution guide). B KHMre H e O ~ % B C H I I ~ T C XH,a n p M M e p ,
n o s e M y nywue ~ b 1 6 p a nr a p H m y p y Bembo, a H e rap-
~ m y p Garamond,
y a 06cyx,gae~crr,KaK E I C ~ O A ~ ~ O B ~ T ~
~b16paHHb1ji LUPU* Ha&keXaL4MM o6paao~. Xoporuati
,UM3alH H e B O 3 M O X e H 6e3 r p a M O T H O BbInOAHeHHOrO
~ a 6 o p rau p F i + ~ a .
n p m ~ l h ~al m
~ ~rpa+MKM
HeCKOAbKO C T O A ~ T I 38
~~~,
BTO BpeMff T e X H O A O ~ k CMAbHO
i M3MeHIlhACb, HO U e A b
y T H ~ ' I o I ' P ~ ~ M KOCTahaCb
M XIpeXCHek n p a B l z ? b ~ b 1 2 BbI-
60p n a p a M e T p o a ~ a 6 o p rupn+~a
a M sepcncn, ~eo6xo-
AMMbIX XlpMffl'HOrO M nOAe3HOI'O W e H M R . XOTR
B KHMre ~ ~ ' ~ R C H I I ~ T K
C aI K
I , IIpaKTUYeCKW nOAb30BaTbCR
COBPeMeHHbIMM K O M n b m e P H b I M F i CpeACTBaMU, R nFi-
cah npemne B c e r o o H e n p e x o n r r r r r M x n m H a x . C C ~ I A K ~
H a KOHKPeTHbIe n P O r P a M M b I CBeAeHbI K MHHHMYMY
(T~M
H e M e H e e , BO3MOXHOCTII 6 0 ~ b m m I aI p O l p M M
~ p M H M M a A M C bBO B H U M ~ H H ~ ~) . P O ~ P ~ MMeHHKlTCR,
M ~ I
HO y p O K H 3 ~ 0 f iK H H r E l 6 y n ~~ e i i C T B F i T e A b H b 1H A A a 20-fi BepCHEI nm6oii ~aIX.lefI I p O T a M -
MLI, K a K ~ Y A T O3 T a BepCHX BbIILIAa TOAbKO W O .
He BCe C # ~ Y H K U H O H ~ A ~B03MOXHOCTkl,
H~I~ KOTOpble O ~ C ~ X A ~ H ) T C eCTb
II, B K~X~OG
nporpaMMe m a onepawio~~oti c k i c r e M e , HO HH o n H a 113 HHX H e n p w y M a H a a p e a ~ ~ a o ~ a -
H a B TOM MnH WHOM n p H A o X e H H H . h 6 0 ~ TyX n ~ r p a C j I yHAH 11a60pw~~y OCTaeTCX TOAb-
KO H w e m c x , =froo,g~axcnb~ B c e OHH 06ae,g~~xrcrr B o n ~ o inip o r p a M M e . B TO x e B p e M a
a O n H c a A MHOXeCTBO IIpHeMOB, I I O 3 B O A ~ U @ i X~ 0 6 F i T b ~ Xf tO p O u l e r O aa6opa B CYUleCTBy-
K ) ~ H X n, o K a ewe H e y H m e p c a n b H b r x n p o r p w a x .
I h 3 p p e s H b I f i ~ a 6 o IIOAy%L€TCR
p TOAbKO npki I l p H C T U b H O M BHHMZLHHEI K M P i p I l W a M
~ e ~ b g a i i r u I ne~aheii.
ix OHC T ~ O ~ C nonqac I I H a AOMX K ~ ~ ~ A LEI H O ~ perue~uf,
COTHXX
cyuremesao B n E I a I o q H x H a ero r p a + ~ ~ s e c ~n poeen c T a B n e H H e . Ha6op urpaC#l~a H sep-
CTK~ ~ p e 6 y mK~a ,K O A H a X n b I H-CaA MOG K o M e r a , n p e a e A b H 0 f CTOGKOCTM,cnoco6aoii
IIpOTEIBOCTOXTb O ~ B H H ~ H H RBMH3AHUIHeM BHMMaHLIII K MeAOYaM.
MbI OnHCLIBaeM 3TOT IIPOLleCC, 0Tp;UKPH)T eAHHCTB0
TCXHHKH, T e X H O A O r H l i H OIILITL, HaKOllAeHHbIX 38
500 AeT, c T e x nop, K a K n o A y - r u n a c B o e p a s s m e cwc-
TeMa neqam EIorm~ar y ~ e ~ 6 e p r ao"c H o B a H H u H a
npuaxpine nonaaxworo rupa@a. 0 Y e n b M H o r o OTKP~I-
TIlti H ~ 3 0 6 p e ~ e mn fe in p e m e M y ~ c n o ~ b 3 CyK Px~ I -
T b I e B O ~ O A O Y KIIPEIBbIYHblX
~ CerOAHX KOMnLIOTePHLIX
H ~ ~ O P H ~c ImXx e M (H A r n e B c a ~ b r xH ~ ~ ~ H T X ~ ~ T ~ A L -
HbIX TeKCTOBbIX I I ~ O U ~ C C O ~ ~ X P) . OH ~ C ~ X A ~ H E I H
m p ~ + ~H ea0 6 0 h c b 6e3 CAOB, B KOTOP~IX e c T b KOP-
IM HeMeUKOrO, ( P P ~ I ~ ~ ~ c H
K KTaAbXHCKOTO
o ~ o X3bIKOB.
kI H e B 3 T Z - I H a MHOrOBeKOByIO 3 B O N O W H ) KHHrO-
n e s a T a m R , + y H A & f e W T a A b ~ b ~ e I I p H H ~ E I I I b IH ~ ~ O P H ~ I X
npoueccoa nerre B c e r o nom'rb, o 6 p a m r r r ~ cK ~cno-
co6y, KOTOpbIM ryre~6epr3CtAYMaA ~ a 6 ~ p I aU p~P ibc p ~ .
B 3~0fir n a B e ~ s n a r m c nO C H O B ~ IH ~ ~ O P H ~npouec-
I X
COB H HCTOPWI MX Pa3BIITIIX.

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If it had been intended to leave it in the discretion of the legislature to
apportion the judicial power between the supreme and inferior courts
accordine to the will of that body, it would certainly have been useless
to have proceeded further than to have defined the judicial power and
the uibvnatj in which it should be vested. The subsequent part of the
section is mere surplusage-is entirely without meaning-if such is to
be the construction. If Cangress remain* at liberty to give this court ap-
pellate jurisdiction, wherc the Constitution has dedared their jurisdic-
tion will be original, and original jurisdiction where the Constitution
~ e r n b6, MacTep-06pa3e~p,nn ~ e r n n11
If it had been mended ta leave it in the discretion of the legislature19 a p
portion the judicial power behveen the aupreme and inferior courts accord-
ing to the will of that bod", it would certainly havs been useless to have pro-
ceeded further than to have defvled the judicid power and the tribunak in
which it should be vested. The subsequent pan of the section is mere sur-
plusage-is entirely without meaning-if such is to be the construction. If
Congress remains at liberty to give this court appellate jurisdiction, where
thc Conatitution has dedared their jurisdiction will be original, and origi-
nal jurisdiction wherc the Constitution has dedared it shall be appellate,the

~ e r n b8, ~ac~ep-06pa3eU
~ n ~ne r n n6
If it had been intended to leave it in the discretion of
the legislature to apportion the judicial power be-
tween the supreme and inferior courts according to
the will of that body, it would certainly have been
useless to have proceeded further than to have de-
fined the judicial power and the tribunals in which it
should be vested. The subsequent part of the section
~ ~ e r n n11
~ e r n b8, ~ a c r e p - 0 6 p a s e~n
If it had been intended to leave it in the discretion of the
legislature to apportion the judicial power between the
supreme and inferior courts according to the will of that
body, it would certainly have been useless to have pro-
ceeded further than to have defined the judicial power
and the tribunals in which it should be vested. The sub-
sequent part of the section is mere surplusage-is entire-

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HOIIepBbIM H 3 3THX H 3 0 6 p e T e ~ H f iC T a h a I I H U l y I I i M MaIIIHHKa Remington. OH^ COeAHHH-
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72 Yacma I. Ocnosa~munozpa$u~u

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O T H o c m e h b H o n e s a T a I o w e r o ysna B nonoxcewze r o T o n H o c T H K nesam cnenyrowero 3 ~ a -
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1 34 Yacma I. O C H O B
munozpa@u1~u
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PHC. 2.1. H 3 0 6 p a x e ~ l l r rA w e - ~ M K M(picas)

e K ( B ~ P X H R R YaCTb PUCYHKB)
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(Postscript picas)
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15 aMepuKaHcKMx nMK (American picas)

C y r r I e C T B O B U 3 a A O A r O A 0 3 T O r 0 , eAMHOTO C T a H A a P T a ,

onpe,qmmero em ~owntii p m e p , H e 6bn0 AO 1883mas.

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p O M y P e I I I e H M I o : IIYHKT P a B H I I e T C I I TOYHO 0,0138 A&-

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Me, COOTBeTCTByIorrIEle KOMaHALI XpitHIITCX B IIyHKTe Bourgeois [9']
MeHm Preferences ( H a p a M e ~ p bno
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C T a a PaBHXTbCX 12 n y H K T a M - 3Ua.,4Ka, HO 3TOMY English [14']
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paswepa m p a + ~ aB nyHKTax (~ernx)
~ a 6 o p a( K P ~ T -
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PHC. 2.3. K e r h b XLIpxf$~a OAH- AXIoLUerO K a X A y I o ~ Y K B YXIpXMOyrOALHPiKa, ( c B ~ A ~ H H I ~

HaKOBO OIIpeAeAReTCII B M e T a h -
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Azam (agate), K a K U n H K a , - TepMUH, COXP~HHBIUH~~CII

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B ~MIO X e T e BCTPeTUTb a r a T b I , KOTOPbIe MCIIOAb3y-
KITCX K a K eAMHUUbI H3MepeHkiX BbICOTbI KOAOHOK (HAM
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eAMHHUa M3MepeHMEI COOTBeTCTByeT CTapOMj' ~a6opy
B 14 CTPOK H a A D ~ M .T ~ P M M
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a M a eAMHU4a CYHTB-
Bsrnnny~~a m 6 y m neqanxym crpa~wuy, B ~ I npex-
,
e ~ e (type). O O P Ma~nponop-
ne B c e r o , s a ~ e ~ azupu$m I
UMM ~ Y K B3 T O r 0 U I P U + T ~ 0Tpa.ZZiDT O C O ~ ~ H H O C TAM-
M
s a i i ~ a~ o ~ ~ p ezap~nu~myopa^^
i i (typeface). G a ~ ~ b r e
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a B u@u$rnoeo,u $ache (font), a3 KO-
TOpOrO CMcTeMa TeKcTOBOrO ~ a 6 o p Ei3BAeKaeT
a MH+OP-
M a u M m , H ~ O ~ X O A U M ~AM
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u xE pI ~
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T y p RBNIDTCR MCXOAHbIM C b I p b e M A M ~ a 6 o p TeKCTa.
a
B TOG r n a e o n p e n e n r r e T c a paanasae M e x a y rupa+-
M rapau'rypoii, a s a ~ neo ~
T O B ~ I M+ a i h o ~ ~ p o 6 pac-
~0
c ~ a 3 b x s a e ~ c ror TOM, PTO T a K o e r a p H m y p a urpa+~a
(typeface). B z ~ 4. noiine~p e g b o LUPHC~~TOB~IX Qaii-
nax (fonts).

T a K PaCTO nyTahtr - KOMIIAeKT AElTeP HAM I~~PEI+TO-

BOG + a h (font)M r a p H I l T y p a (typeface).LUPH+T ~ 0 0 6 -
me - TO C O B O K ~ ~ H O C 3T n~ a ~ 0 6(characters): ~ Y K B ,
UM+P, CUMBOAOB, B H ~ K O Bnpenwams M T. A., KOTO-
P b I e CIIpOeKTHpOBaHbI &AX COBMeCTHOrO IIpEiMeHeHEiR
TaK me, KaK, C K W e M , lTpUAZVKeHb1 apyr K A p y r y sac-
TU K~KO~O-nx60 C H a p m c e H a a . rapnumypa (typeface) -
3TO ILIPII+T COBepUIeHHO O l l P e A e A e H H O r O PUCYHKB.
A Kckuruelcm ~ u m e pupu$rnosoii
, @ a c (font)
~ - wo +u-
~ H ' I ~ C K O
B o~ n n o q e H H e MAU O n n c a H E i e r a p H u T y p b I
rupaCp.a: B K O ~ ~ P H E LK oXn a x , H a +morpa+mec~oG
PBC. 3.1. Cnosa font u opeface
o 6 0 3 ~ a ~ apa3HOe.
m ~ BA ~ B O ~ rupa+~osoh+aln (font) rapnnrypa wpu@a (typeface)
KOAOHKe np' IrCTaBAeH ~ e 6 0 ~ ; -
New
l l ~ l n r v n tNe*enNry*hihk-Eoman
I P I - A ~ O ~ F O ~u ~~-cI* e n t u i y s c ~ ~ b ~ - ~ m 001
a n na m
I~IOL; -5r -' nporpahlh..rioro t w r a t r o n b l Man O r l 9 0: ,s<5 i 9 S i
IIVMusr$r 3475147045
unotyp no ana,oi
i-s- II NIW ~ D N I I~ n r n m u o t1s L V I J ~ D I B01
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/v(r*on 1001 0 4 ) readonil del
Century
napaMeTpk.1 o ~ o 6 p a x e ~~YuK~B
TapHUTypbI New Century
n u ~ a r n em e w century ~ ~ u o ema
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m~
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SibrniWti r?sdurdy
Schoolbook
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Nndenln~wrbon lo3 dcl
mnderi~ne~birtnrr
end riadmly MI
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IPontTYpl l dCl
I l o n V * ~ V I Y I O O O I 0 O O D O I 0 OlleadYnlyd*
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KOTOPbIe I1 OnpeAeARIoT ee AU-
3aiiH

nneme ~ l B Mn eT~ m e . Font - TO + O P M O Y K ~ AM T e c -

a typeface - yro yme c o 6 m e ~ sbrnewca
Ta, ~o ( p ~ c 3.1).
.
Korna B b I BHARTe C T P W H U Y C TeKCTOM, T O M O m e T e
cnpocmb: & a ~ o i i3 T 0 XIIpH+T (KBKU r a p ~ ~ n n ) a ) ? wW
<<%!M ( K a ~ o f ri a p H I I ~ y p 0 f i )~ a 6 p T~KCT?,,
a~ HOB a M H e
I I p m e T B I'OAOBY CnPOCHTb: & a ~ o f 3TO KOMILXeKT AH-
T e p ( K a K o i i XIIPN+TOBO~~ +ah)?,, n O T O M y T O BLI BII-
A m e p e 3 y n b ~ na ~ e s a ~ ~ai ~e , Y C T ~ O ~ ~ C TH
B OC O C T ~ B KOM-
m e m a nmep ( r u p ~ + ~ o ~+oar hoa ) .
n y ~ a ~ H MeXCAy
u a 3TIIMH T e p M H H a M I l I I p O I I 3 0 U I A a
6onbmeii YaCTbW 113-3aIIPOTHBOPe'lIIBOrO IICIIOAb30Ba-
HHII T e p M H H a font ( L U P H ~ T O B O+
~ ~a h ) B KOMIIbIoTep-
H ~ D n( p o r p a M M a x , B ~ O ~ U I M H C TKOTOPLD(
B~ n p ~ i c ~ c m y -
e T IIYHKT MeHH) Font ( ~ P I I + T ) . XOTR CIIMCOK,
npennarae~b~ii
Memo, ocHoBaH H a nepewe m p ~ + -
TOBbIX + a f i ~ 0 ~AOCTYIIHbIX
, AAX IICIIOAb30BaHIIII
B A ~ H H On p~o ~
rpaMMe, ero B e p H e e 6 ~ ~ 6b1
x 0~ a 3 ~ a ~
Typeface ( T a p ~ qrupa+~a),
a n o c K o s K y OH BUW-
gaeT B ce6x HMeHHO H a 3 B a H H R r a P H M T Y p IIIpII+Ta, AO-
CTyIlHbIX A M ~a6opa.kI 3m T e M B e p H e e l T O HeKOTOp1,lC
E;\~Y~B~IM
nOHHTHeM K a K n H 3 a G H a XLIpEicpTa, T a K H
xmorpa+um B U e n o M X B N I ~ XxezemmzR (em square).
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,zar o a o p m o c b B n p e ~ b m p e i mi a B e , K e r e n L H a x cly-
7

X I I T O C H O B O ~A~ M UeAOI'O P X A a OTHOCHTeALHbIX eAH-

:Gill I13MepeHEE3, YbEl3HaYeHIIEI 3aBHCXT OT KOHKPeTHO-
ro Kernx acnonbsye~ororrrpu+~a.
~ H P H H 3HaKOB
~ I BbIPZlXaKTCIi B OTHOCHTeAbHbIX
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:iok B +Gne B c e r n a n p u H u M a e T c a
XLI~~+TOBOM co-
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:;erenbHarr. 3a BTHM c n e n y e T ~ a 6 n u u a~ H ~ K OuBHX
X U P H H ( B L I P ~ ~ X ~ H H ~3THMH
IX ~ A I I H H U ~ M H )n
. p ~ e p
It is time to
~ a o irna6~uy.a~
i ~ e m p u x(melricstable) CM. H a puc. 2.5. pause in our
B ~ T O Mcnyqae K e r e n b H a x C T a H o s u T c x O C H O B O ~ ~
:emu, H a KOTOPOG pacnonaramcx B c e ~ H ~ Kmpu+- H career to
TOBOrO ClXlkAa. n p a B ~ a eCTb
Jm 3a p a M K I l
,
IIAOuaKEi,
3HaKH, KOTOpbIe BMXO-
o6pa3ye~ofiK ~ ~ ~ A ~ H o C ,
review our
HO
TaKUX 3HaKOB HeMHOI'O. principles.. * *
PEIC. 3.2. A u a k r a r u p ~ + ~ aB ,~ I -
A e A e H H a X H a PkICj'IIKe, 0 6 b 1 ~ 1 1 0
B CTpOKaX O ~ ~ I Y H OTeKCTa
~ O BCe ~ Y K B L Ip a C n O A a r a m T - IIeBMAklMa. no 3 ~ 0 f ANIIklki
i BLIC-

IR H a H~BIIAEIMO%AMHEIH, K O T O P U Ha3bIBaeTCX A U H U ~ ~ T p a k i B a l O T C X 6 y l i ~ b 1 ,kl O H a CAY-

)ICUTOCHOBO~~AA~O~~~A~A~HMR
z(~pu(bma' (base line), K a K n o ~ a 3 a ~
H aopuc. 3.2. nono-
u ~ - r r e p ~ ~ e ~ r~ l ox ~a o, p b tpia in e 1 3
XeHEIe AMHHX LUPH+TB H a ~ e r e h b ~ o ii
IIAOIIlaAKe MOXeT
He connanan y p a 3 ~ ~ UIPH+TOB,
1x OHO onpenenxrcx
pHCYHKaMEl3HaKOB,KZLK UCOKa3aHO H a PMC. 3.3. O ~ ~ I ' I H O
A M Hm
~ p ~ + r apacnonaraeTca npxMepHo H a paccros-
HEIM 0 ~ ~ 0'I'peTEi
f i OT HEIXHerO KpaSl Kere~bHOfiIIAOUa,4-
KM. ,&W Tor0 yT06b1 pa3HbIe IIIpM+TbX MOXHO 6 b ~ CO-
0
OAHOG cTpoKe, nonomeHHe AHHMH r u p ~ l + ~ a
B M e u a n Ha
B npenenax ~ e r e a ~ onnorya,4mi
fi onpeaenseTca M 3 KO-
AOB rupa@oaoro + a h a . Ees 06ecne~1e~us nocromo-
ro nonomemix ~ U H E I M m p ~ + ~ a~ ,a 6 o p6 y n e ~= c a n
BBePX-BHM3, KaK B pa360~TaHHofi
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~eM
LeU
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c - ~ ~ o K ~T.M
rnep~uua~3tc"leading),BbIpaxcaeTca B nyHKTax u M3Me-
paeTcs OT AMHUM m p u + ~ aO A H O ~CTPOKM
~ AO AMHMM
m p a + ~ anpenmecmyrorrleii C'I'~OKM (PMC. 3.4). K p o ~ e
T O ~ O ,~ H M m
X p ~ + ~ a
nep~ofi CTPOKM CTpaHnubI SIBAX-
eTcx ~ i c x o n ~ oTiOi Z I K O ~ ~OT
, K O T O P O ~ HaYaHaeTcs
~ pa3-
Meryeme ocranbHoro TeKcTa n m ~ o KOAOHKM
i (nono-
C ~ ~I a 6 0 p a ) .

Kerns, BneZIaTneHMe 0 BeAMZIMHe mp~l+TaCO-

~OMMMO
o ~ CTPOZIH~IX ~ Y K B . TOT p a s ~ e p ,
s n a e ~ c ps a 3 ~ e p ero
o n p e n e n s e ~ ~K~~i iKpaccromxe OT AMHHM L U P H + T ~AO
 3.4.
all the glyphs in a font are cre H ~ ~ e p ~ ~u3Me-
DrreTcrr OT AUHIIII
l = m
m n c b ~ OAHO:
a
A .

14 nYmOB are glyphs that ex tend outside ~ o K ~ A o - ~ ~ P ~ J T ~ ~ P ~ A -

u r e c r ~ y m w e i i Ha
. p n c y H K e norca-
14 nYHnoB square, but these are rare. 3 a ~ b 1c y ~ e m s e ~ 200%
u e ~ pa3-
M e p b I N H T e P A n H b R X a , BKAIOYaJI
O T ~ U B K UM e X A Y TeKCTOM 11 3 a -

16 nywros III normal lines of type all the

14 npKToF3 an invisible line called the bas
14 ~ ~ H K T o B as shown above. he position

urpuQra N c p e ~ ~ exjii~ u e i CO-

i
CTaBAReT pOCT CTpOSHbIX ~ Y K B
BeprUHHbI CTPOYHO~ b 1 Ha3bIBaeTCX PoG~~ZOM
6 y ~ ~ <<XB,
cmpozlnalx snalcoe (x-height).hm, nponeneaaaa H a
3~0fiBbICOTe U IIapXAAeAbHasI AIlHkIU LUPII+T~,Ha3bI-
B a e T c s cpedneu"~unuez7(mean line) (pac. 3.5).
B nposecce a c r o p a s e c K o r o pa3nmm POCT CTPOY-
HbIX ~ F B HeOAHOKPaTHO MeHtL1CR. CYIITB~TCX, YTO
ILIPU+T c K ~ ~ ~ H L I M 6 y Yw
OYKOM ~ r a e~T c s nerqe, a H a
s ~ p a M~oeH m o p a n o 6 a s ~ e ~ n aex e o n H o r o nmcena
HeCOMHeHHO C ~ O C O ~ C T B YIIX
K POCTY CTpO'IHLIX ~ Y K B ~T
6 o ~ b m e pa360p~mocmi.
f np~l
~KP~HHOp
Ma 3 p e m e ~ m
K a X ~ b ~l fl uiK C e A OKa3bIBaeT CJ'WeCTBeHHOe B A M H M e .
M ~ I K C H M X A ~ H O3Ha.IeHUX
~O pOCT CTPOYHLIX ~ Y K B
DOC-
mr B cepeame 1960-x ronos, Hanpmep y rapHmyp
 Antique Olive n Americana, c Tex nop ~ a 6 ~ 1 o n a e ~ c
TeweHIJMR K er0 YMeHLUIeHHIo (PIIC. 3.6).

C n o ~ aKoTopbre
, ~ onacamx n 06-
M ~ nI c n o ~ b a y eAM
CyXAeHEW +OPM 6 y ~ ~R'B,ARHITCR CMeUIeHIleM TepMH-
HbIX ~ Y K BX npM OAHOM Pi TOM
x e 311ase~nnKerm. B ~epxriefi HOB K a K UCIIOTP~+MKM, TaK EI K ~ A A M T P ~ +IIM OR MBA, RB-
CTpOKe, IIaqMHaR C ~ Y K B A~ I UIHXCR B TeSeHHe C T O A ~ T WBE Pa3HLIX CTpaHaX.
( r a p ~ m y pTimes
a Roman), B ~ R - H e ~ o ~ o p b~r ea a 6 o n e eBWKHLIe TePMHHbI 06cyxfiam-
TO^ AAII CPaBHeHMR, IIpeACTaB- ca aanee, a caMLIe u s n e c ~ m ~ e
npenm-ranner-rbx H a pnc. 3.7.
AeHbI TPPHMTYPbI: Centaur
(Monotype), Bodoni (Linotype),
Janson (Monotype), Gillard 8epXHUR s u ~ o c ~ o A
3neMenr (ascender)
(1TC)x Americana (ATF).
LUpxct,~
- - 6e3 s a c e s e ~
BO ~ ~ o p o i i
CTpOKe, HaYNIiaH C G ~ K B MA
( r a p ~ r i ~ y pHelvetica),
a
CTaBAeH rapHMTypaMM Futura
npen- \
(Bauer), Gill Sans (Monotype), KOHLIeIOA

B/sFT
HMHUH BMHOCHOU u m p a (spur) 3neMeHT (termma[) XBonHK (tall)
3neMeHT (descender)
Univers 55 (Linotype), Avant

A
Garde Gothic (ITC) n Antique
Olive Medium nonyosan (bowl) nepennanu~a(crossbar)

paasunra (uotch) ' 1 '

OWOBHOR
urpnx (stem) mpU3O~lanbHMh
wrpux (bar)

PHC. 3.7.3~e~e1rrb1 ~ Y K BM NX CO~RMHUT~~~HM~~

Ha3BaHMII. H ~ K O T Pi3 O IIapa-

~~I~
MeTpOB, HanpMMep ~ 3 r a 6
(spine), XapaKTepHbI T O A b K O
AAR OTAeAbIILIX ~ Y K B(B ,Z(aHHOM
cnysae S), no G O A ~ ~ N H C T B ORB-
AXroTCR 0 6 4 M npHMeHMMb1
~ ~ ~ TwKa (dot)
KO MIIOI.&iM ~ F B ~ M
Q O P M ~ I ~ Y K B~ a 6 0 p ~ b xILIPEI+TOB,
x n o ~ o 6 ~ b xT ee M ,
K o T o p b I e BM c e h a c B u n H T e nepen m a s a ~ uxcnbrrana
,
CEihbHOe B N M H H e ~ Y K B BbInOAHeHHbIX
, K X pe340M, T X
H ~ a x a r p a + ~ r e cn~e pm
o M . n p r ? s e ~60nbruas sacrb
TOTO, ' I T 0 rOBOpHTCX 0 ~ Y K B ~ X ,
CBR3aHa HMeHHO C nOC-
AeAHHM cnoco6o~.
O6pasub1A M COBpeMeHHOrO LUpHcPTa 6bm~
nep-
BOHaYaAbHO H a n H C a H b I LUHPOKOKOHeYHbIM n e p O M , K a K PHC. 3.8. Q O P M ~ I 6 y ~ Facne- n
n o ~ a a a H~ aopac. 3.8. B ~ ~ B H C H M O C TOUT T O ~ O , K ; ~ Xnepo nosalxbr u 3 ~ a ~ n r p a C p nQop- u.
~ I Y K O T O P O ~IIBMeIIR-
M a ~ Y K B 0, ~
Y n e p X H B a I o T B P y K e H n O A KaKHM YrAOM O H 0 PaCnOAO-
eTCR TOAIuIlHa UlTpMXa, o~o6pa-
meHo K Gpare, n o n y Z I a m c x mrpma n e p e ~ e ~ ~TOA-
oji m a e T chea r u u p o i c o e o r x e s n o r o
UHHbI. ECAHT a K H M 0 6 p a 3 0 ~PHCOBaTb OKpYXHOCTb, nepa, K o T o p o e a B u x e T c x n p o -
TO AHHHX H3MeHXeTCR OT T O H ' I & L L I ~ ~ OI U T p H X a A 0 IIIH- THB S ~ C O B OCTpeAKki.
~~ H~XHM
p O K O r 0 H a I I A b l ~ a jEI H ~ O ~ O P O TT
. a~ax
M3MeHVHBOCTb cosnae~cx,K o r n a nepo s e p T u T
CaMJW LZIIIPOKY+OAAIIIIIO
TOAUHH~I mrpnxa 0npeAeme-r u a u o u ocu oaubualx
9 ~ e ~ e x r n o(stress).
s B e m r ~ H~a aK n o H a OCH s s n r r e T c a
X a p a K T e p H b I M I I P H 3 H a K O M O I I p e A e A e H H O r O CTHAX
m p a + ~ a ,o s e M pacc~a3b1~ae~crr A a e e B BTOG mase.
T ~ K H06pa30~,
M W H P H H ~ Iturnpuxos (strokes) 3 ~ a -
K a M3MeHXDTCR B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO, B KaKOM H a -
npEU3AeHHH A B H X e T C R nep0 - B B e p X HAH BHH3. ~ T H M
y T a K H X 3HaKOB C O ~ ~ I K H O B ~ H H O
O ~ ~ X C H X ~ T CIIOYeM)'
X,
anPIIMbIMH HOXKBMHD, K a K M,N H A, ~ O X B A R I o T C f f
m p a x pasaol
~ TOAUHH~I (PHC. 3.9).

PMC. 3.9. n e p b e ~ 0 CIIITPEiX

o s e m yam0 onpeaenzh OCHOB-
HYIO ~ $ O P M YMtIOrAX AaTMHCKBX
3acezlxuu (serifs) H ~ ~ ~ I B ~c nI eOr KT a p a c r u E i p r r I o q H e -
6)'~s.B naHI1OM C A y a e y 6 y ~ -
CX pOC'3epKH H a KOHUaX OCHOBHbIX T H X O B . CAOBO BLI M n s u x e H u e nepa a t r a a
s e r i f ~ e a c ~ o~ iTi E I M O A O ~HO,
, BO~MOXHO, OHO B O C X O A ~ ~ $ O P M A P Y ~ UIMPOKNe
T UITPHXII,
K A p e B H e H e M e U K O M Y CAOBY, 0 3 H a 9 a I O W e M Y <IIITpHX*. a n s n m e H u e nepa B n e p x - Y ~ K H ~
XOTRc a M n no ce6e sacesan nMeloT r o p a s ~ o6 o ~ e eA p e B H e e n p o u c x o X A e H a e : HX
H ab KaMeHHbIX HaAnACSIX G p e B ~ e f i~ P ~ L I I IOAHHM
MOXHO 0 6 H a p y ~ H ~ II. H 3 OCHOB-
HbXX IIpHHYIlIIOB K A ~ c c I ~ + u K ~ ~ L Fix H a I L I P U ~ T ~CI
HUHP E I ~ T O BRBASleTCII p a 3 A e A e H H e
s a c e s ~ (seriffed
a ~ ~ faces) u UIPM+TM 6 e 3 3 a c e s e ~IIocne~awe . B ~ H ~ A H ~ C KSOI M~ ~ I K ~
u e serif, 0 6 a e ~ ~ ~ a m Bu oe ~e s o i+pase
HOCIIT ~ a s s a ~ sans i + p a ~ r r y 3 c ~ o CAOBO
e sans
(~6e3w)Ei T ~ B T O H C K UK~ O~ p e H b serif ( < < U T ~ M X P ) .
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T 0I H e TOAbKO AeKOPaTkIBHbIe 3AeMeHTbI. O H H U r P a H l T BaXHJ'XJ P O A b
B BOCnPHRTUU UIPEIC$T~L, nOCKOAbKY nOMOralOT r A a 3 y OTAeAMTb OAMH 3HaK OT APYrOrO
H BbIRBHTb OTAeAbHbIe 6 y ~ ~ Bb aAAeRX
1 TOHKHX LUTPHXOB, KOTOpbIe 06pa3ym~c~1 CTpOKa-
MH o r o OHHT a K X e j ' I I O p ~ O Y H B Z - O T~OPE130HTCiAbH)'IO TeKCTYPY LUPII+-
~ a 6 p a ~ ~TeKCTa.
Ta, C03ABaR c ~ o e o 6 p a 3 ~ pp O X K y , KOTOpaR YBepeHHO B e A e T r A a 3 BflOAb CTPOKH.
AO
T ~ K 06pa30~,
~ M y U I ~ H + T O B C 3 a c e ~ 6onee ~ a ~ BLICOKaII
~ CTeIIeHb p a 3 6 b p ~ 1 ~ 8 0 ~ m U
(legibility), n nx nerse B o c n p n H n M a T b H p a c n o 3 ~ a ~ a I~I bo .s b r r u e ~ ~ pl ea 3 6 0 p s u ~ o m a ,
B CBOIO O Y e p e A b , nO3BOASIeT 6 b 1 c ~ p e eH A e r ' l e s M T a T b TeKCT, T. e. 3aMeTHO IIOBbICUTb
ydodbuuma~ocma(readability).
M~B~CTH O
MHOXeCTBO THnOB 3aCeBeK, KOTOpbIe CHAbHO OTAEI4aIOTCR A p Y r OT AP)Ta
no + o p ~ e p, a s ~ e p yH M a c c e . OHM C O B A ~ B ~ AB ~T Ce s~e m e C T O A ~ T H ~H~M
, Home ~ H + T ~ I
IIOAyWiAH CBOH Ha3BaHHII C p e T O M UMeHHO O C O ~ ~ H H O C3 aTC~e 4~e~K .

Ha~6onee113~ec-kb1 3ace~xuco c l c p y u e ~ u (bracketed

e~ serifs), n o c K o A b K y OHH ~cnohb3y-
IOTClI B ~ O A ~ L U N H C THB~~~ O P H ~IUPEI+TOB.
IX T ~ K3aCeYKH
H ~ C O e . 4 H H ~ T C XC OCHOBHbIM
IIITpUXOM 6yK~b1I I p U ( ~~H c . 3.10), K O T O p F MOXHO H a 3 B a T b
EIOMOIUH I I h a B H o f i K ~ U B O
cxpyuewea, m u c o n p ~ m e ~ u (fillet).
eu K ~ nKo ~ a 3 a ~ H aop ~ c 3.10,
. cTeneHL c K p y m e H H s ,
P H C ~ H O Ko s e m C H A ~ H Op a 3 m s a m c ~ y
p a s ~ e ps a c e s u~ 061~uii
~ 1 P ~ ~ H r~a p
I H
Xm y p .

3acevxu be3 cxljyz,ienu~ (unbracketed serifs) 06pa3ym~c OCHOBHLIM ILITPHXOM p e a ~ u i i

yron. C a ~ no u ce6e s a c e s ~ nMOT H M ~ T+ ~o p ~ y6onee HAM M e H e e TOHKHX ~ P Y C K O B
HAIl A a X e KAHHbeB. 0 6 u e e B n F I a T A e H U e OT 6 y ~ ~CbTaKHMH
1 3 a C e s K a M U - OTUeTAHBO
ymoBaTas +op~a.
Harnburgefons
a a w w co cKpyrnenueM: Riaito (DF)

TOB, c~xriam ~ BneYaTne-

06rrree
me OTmpn+~a,a a a c e ~ ~6e3
n

H
~ clcpyrnenmn: Trump Mediaeval (Linotype)
3 a w 603
CKp)TAeHnX, H ~ O ~ O ~ O T,
YCuhMsa-
wr qmocra. E i p y c ~ o ~ ab as c e w
6e3 crcpymeanx c o s n a m ~sne-

amburgef ons YaTAeHHe ~ e x m n r e c ~ o npo-

P
fOCr'U, a CO C K p y r A e H I l e M IlpMAa-
KIT O C O ~ ~ H I I Y KCMAy
) IIIpnC$)TaM,
KOTOpbIe Ha3bIBaIOT K A a p e H 4 0 -
~ P Y C K O B W3~ a w w 683 CKpyrneHuu: Memphis (Linotype)
7 HaMK, BKAloYaX IIOIIyAXpHylO
rapHKTypy Century. T O H K3a-
H~
CeYKM, O T A H ' i H T e A b H a R Y e p T a
HOBO^ BHTIIKBbI, C03Ba30T ( $ 0 ~ -
M a n b H o e B n e q a T n e H u e , B TO B p e -
MfI K a K KAMHOBIIAHbIe 3aCe'IKII
npmamT mpn+?y ~ + I + ~ K rpa-
T

H
6pyucosb1e3 a m w w cKpyrneHweM:Clarendon (Bitstream) BMpOBaHti5I

amburgefons

Hamburgefons
Bonocnue 3 a m ~Fenice
: (ITC)

H
Knmnosmnble 3 8 w ~ uMeridien
: (Linotype)

amburgefons
54 Yacma I. O c ~ o a a munozpa@ulcu
l

E p y c l c o s a ~ esacelllcu (slab serifs) A-

~ a s ~ a OTA~ALHOG
~ u e KaTeropMa r u p n + ~ a " . Y T a m x
UITpMXOB, OGLIYHO MCKAIOYeHLI KWAl3I'pa-
L U P I I ~ T O B ,MMeIOIQMX 0.ZJMHZlKOB)'IO TOAIIIMH)'
+ ~ r e c ~~ A~~ eM ~ H T LMMHIIM~AUCTCK&
I. au3aii~~ O ~ B O A Rc~oT3 a a ~ a -IIIPM+I
r~ 6e3
B L I ~ YAY4LLIaIOT y ~ o 6 o -
e T~W 3 a U M M EI ,4eKOPaTIIBHOCTEI, 3 a T O ~ ~ ~ C K O 3aCe9KM
~ ~ M C X HJ (O
sIITaeMOCTL, no3ToMy ~ P Y C K O BLIIPII+T T . ~ a 6 o p TeKCTOB.
L I ~ ~ 9 a C T o C A ~ X ~ TAASI a
NPII+T~I, O ~ A ~ L ( ~ I O I Q~PYCKOBLIMEI
M~ 3aCe'IKahlII CO CKp)TAeHUeM, Ha3LIBaIOTCR
l c ~ a p e n d o n u u ' (Clarendons).

O T A E ~ ~ ~gep~oji ~ ~ A TLa KH~ O

a s~~ ~~ s a enooou"
~ o ianmulcoal
i (modem), o n u c a ~ ~ o6onee ii
no,qpo6~oA a n e e B TOG m a e , IIBAXIOTCX o=ieHL T o H K N e o o ~ o c n a 3~ ea c e ~ ~(hairline
u serifs)
Ge3 C K p p e H H R .

K~K
CAeAyeT M3 Ha3BaHMR, ' K i l ~ F l 0 6 ~ d ~3aCeztlcU
ble (wedge serifs) IlMeIOT T P e Y r O h b H Y I o
+0pMy. T a ~ u x
~ U ~ H + T O BHeMHOrO, M OHM 0 6 ~ 1 9 Ha3bIBaIOTCR
~0 A U ~ ~ U H C X U(Latins).
A.~U~

K s e p x n u oalnocnaul. % t e & e n m u (ascenders) O T H O C ~ C RLIITPUXM CTPO~HLIX~ Y K B KOTO-

,
pLIe BLIcTynaIoT 3a cpensmm AMHMIO (mean line). H u x n u e oalnocnale 3 ~ e ~ e n m a ~
(descenders) - , m o p b I e o n y c K m c a m m e AHHMII IIIPM+T~. K ~ nK
TO gacm ~ Y K BK oKa-
3aHO H a PMC. 3.11, p a 3 M e p L I YlXX 3AeMeHTOB CMALHO Pa3AH9aHYTCSI Y Pa3HLIX UIPIIC#~TOB,
I I p M 9 e M BepXHEle BLMOCHLIe 3AeMeHTLI MOrYT ~ L I T LA a x e BLIUIe IIpOnMCHLIX ~ Y K BTOG
Xe raPHElTYpL1 M T o r 0 Xe KerAR.
B OThMYMe OT p O c T a c r p O 9 H L I X 6~ p a 3 ~ e pBLMOCHLIX 3AeMeHTOB O ~ L I Y H Ocnep-
xHsaeTcx npenenatm ~ e r e f i ~ o~ iAiO U ~ A K M
(em square), H a K O T O P O ~OHM
~ pas~ewm-
CX. BO B P e M e H a M e T V A M s e C K O r O IIIpM+Ta H e K a 3 U O C L CTPaHHLIM, eCAU IIIPM+T HMeA
A B a B a p M W a ~ Y K B :C KOPOTKllMM U AAMHHLIMM BLMOCHLIMM 3AeMeHTaMM, HO HM OAMH M3
T a m x III~M+TOB H e n e p e s e n e H B q ~ + p o ~ o+i io p ~ a ~ .
Bcrpesmca IIIPEI+T~IC 6 o ~ e AAMHHLIMM
e BLMOCHLIMM 3AeMeHTaMM, 9 e M 06~19~0,
B p e 3 y A L T a T e IIpM Y3KOM MHTePAMHLRXe B e p X H M e BLIHOCHLIe 3AeMeHTLI KaCaIOTCR
 PHC. 3.11. H a x s ~ ue B e p x H a e
BblHOCIIbIe 3AeMeI1TbI B P a 3 I I b I X
I I I ~ u @ T ~ xp a 3 A U g a t o T C R He
CTOAb CImbHO, K a K POCT CTPOZI-
IILIX ~ Y K B I10
, U OlIU 3HitYUTeAb-

- -

r O r 0 COOTBeTCTBHR M e X A y pOC-
TOM ~ ~ O I M C I I O %
6 y K ~ bU
1 AAHIIO%
B e p X H e r O BbIHOCIlOrO 3 A e M e I I T a ,
POCTOM C T P O S H O ~ ~GYKBLI u AAU-
ROE H U X I l e T O BbIHOCEIOrO 3Ae-
M e m a . B s e p x ~ e i rc T p o K e II~U-
M e p C CaMbIM AAHHRLIM BbINOC-
HMM 3AeMeIITOM U M e e T C~MLI:

I'lc~e3aIOILJkle 9AeMeHTbI: M ~ A ~ H ~ K pM O CGT IlPOIIHCIIbIX

~ Y K B . B 06eax CTPOKaX C A e B a
3aIIAbIBbI KPaCICH t r a n p a B o n p e n c r r a s n e I l L I o(ipa3-
U ~ CAeAyIOUtUX
I LUPU@TOB: New
O $ ~ C ~ T UHO~C KXa c I n e S a T b C T a a HaCTOAbKO COBep-
Baskerville (ITC), Caslon 540
rueaaofi, TO, ecmi H e T n e p e p h a x H e m R 6 p m , 11306- (Linotype), Galliard (ITC),
? a m e H u e m p u + ~ aH a o m e s a ~ a ~ ~c T
opiaiH a u e TOSHO Goudy Old Style (Monotype)
0 a II~S~THO
:OOTBeTCTBYeT TOMY, S T 0 6 b ~ H +OEP M ~ . M Raleigh (Linotype)

HOT a K 6 b ~ H
0 e BCerAa. n p e X H ~ f 3I I e S a T H b I e TeXHOAO-
.?iM T ~ ~ ~ O B H
U ~UK O T O P OKOPpeKUHEl
~~ AAR TOTO, YTO-
5b1AOCTMSb H A e a h b H O r O I L I ~ ~ C # I T O B O~~H
O3 a f i H a .
OAHIIM
H3 CaMbIX OYeBHAHbIX BMAOB I I p e A B a p H -
sannaloos
; e x b ~ o i i K o p p e K u w a 6 b w h-annnencamopa~
~
~;pach-u(ink well, ink trap). 8 ~ oyc o 6 e ~ ~ o cM~o mb H o
~ bMHOrNX LLIPW+T;~X, KOTOpbIe
3 6 ~ a p y X C ~BO 661~~1
~UEI+~OB~C
H PaHHEiX
~I 0 6 p a 3 u o ~ .K O M ~ ~ H C ~ T O ~ ~ M H
> \ y X a T YBeAHSeHHbIe 3 a 3 0 p b I B PElCYHKe ~ Y K B ~KOTO-
I,
p b I e C O ~ ~ ~ I O T cC TRe M p a c S e T o M , STO npa ~ ~ ~ O A H ~ H H H
ru: K P ~ C K O ~0 ~6 ,p a 3 y e ~ c x c c ~ o p ~ a n b ~ a+c o
~ tpt ~ a6yic-
SaUIe
BbI. K O M I I ~ H C ~ T O ~ ~ I BCerO B m H b I B p a 3 B H A K a X
'XITPHXOB Y TaKHX ~ Y K B K, a K v,A, W H N. B n e Y a T H b I X
 NEW ZEBRA
PEIC. 3.12. Y B ~ A U Y ~smo- HH~I~
PLI B p a a ~ u h ~ m
a xp n x o ~CAY-
,
X a H e KOMneHCaTOpaMU, KOTO-
pbIe cosna~mcaB p a c y m e Ha TO,
w o BTK 9aCTn ~ Y K B6 ~ 8 ) 3a- ~.
AUTI,I ~ p a c ~ oBi inpouecce ne- o6am~e~m
HXxMOXHO 3;tMeTHl7~, H e X e A U TOTO.
r a m . f i a ~ ~ a rrarp a u T y p a Bell I I e y a ~ bc T a a C T O A ~s e n ~ ~ o n e n ~ o i i , 3a3opb1 H e
YTO
Centential c n e u a a h b a o npoes-
3anOAHIIIOTCII K P ~ C K O ~KBK, O X H a a h O C b , A e A U 3aMeT-
TUpOBahaCb A M T ~ A ~ ~ O H H ~ I X
HbIMU 3TE1 A K J ~ O ~ ~ IHCKCiXeHW.
T H ~ I ~
CnpaBO9HUKOB
K O M I I ~ H C ~ T On o~ -~n Ip e X H e M y H C n O A b 3 y I o T C X
B IUPII+TBX, CIIeIJUahbHO npOeKTUpYeMbIX AAII T e A e -
+ O H H ~ I X CllpaBO'IHUKOB. XOTIIKaYeCTBO IIe'IaTPi BbICO-
KOe, 0.4HaXO OTrOrO, S T 0 LUPH+T OYeHb MeAOK, a6pa-
ra caMarr neruesax, K p a c K a , H a H o c a M a x H a O'IeHb
nu-
6 o n b r u o i i CKOPOCTH, p a c T e K a e T c x OT B ~ T ~ I B ~ HuW I
neHIix. Korna T a m e UIPM+T~In e Y a T a m H a BbIcoKoKa-
'IeCTBeHHbIX Y C T P O ~ ~ C T B ~TO
X , O ~ ~ I I ' I HnO
O A j Y a e T C X YTO-
a '1~06b1
TO B p o n e c K e A e T H o r o n p e A c T a B n e H H x ,
n o n j Y m n p e A n o n a r a e M y m Q o p ~ y ux
, cnenye-r neqa-
T a T b H a AeIUeBLIX J'CTPO~~CTB~X,KOTOPbIe 3anOAHXK)T
IIpeAyCMOTpeHHbIe 3 i l 3 0 p b I (PEIC. 3.12).

B~~norpaQ H e~ p e a~Ke
O TO, 'ITO K a m e T c x I I P ~ M ~ I M ,
u R e a e r n c R . XOTXp e M e c A o m o r p a Q u~ ~ ~
TaKosbIM
3 m e ~ c Hxa U ~ M ~ P ~ H Ko U
AH , a K o c m o no ce6e u c n o s -
sosame ~ m e i i KH e~B c e r A a IIPMBOAETT K xoporum pe-
3yAbTaTaM. ~ I M ~ HBU3yahbHOe
HO BbIpaBHHBaHHe ( K O ~ A ~
YKbM KCiXeTCX POBHbIM r A a 3 Y ) AOAXHO HM€!Tb IIPePlMy-
IUeCTBO H W YUCTO MeXaHklYeCKUM BbIPaBHUBaHHeM.
Hanpu~ep,p a H e e yme YIIOMHHahOCb, S T 0 ~ Y K B ~ I
6e3 H H X H U X BbIHOCHbIX 3AeMeHTOB P a C n O A a r a I o T C f l
-la A H H W LUPII+TB. TO CnPaBeAAMBO, HO TOAbKO uM
3HaKOB C POBHbIM HElXHEiM K p a e M .
B3rMA H a OKPFAbIe ~ F B M
uene o ~ chema
n
B H ~ M ~ T ~ A ~ H ~ I ~
0 6 ~ a p y x m' I,T 0 H a CaMOM
OnycKitIOTcx H n x e A n H n n m p n + ~ a .
CTPOYHbIe G ~ K B ~C IOKpyTAbIMM B e p m n H a M n T a K X e
mema ~ b r n y n a w r r3a cpenmm A ~ W W (pnc. 3.13). 3 ~ a
O C O ~ ~ H H O CHa3bIBiLeTCR
T~ CBUC(LHU8.U (overshoot).
nox
H e o 6 x o ~ n ~ o cCBIICaHHII
~b BbI3BaHa T e M , 'IT0 OK-
p y r A b I e OKOH'IaHElX ~ Y K B~ ~ ~ C + Y ~ C K oH c n a 6 n e ~ b 1 . HMH, OHM A O A X H b I BbIXOaHTb 3 1
To x e cnpasenmBo u O c T p o r o OKOH'I~HIIR, Ha- nx n p e n e n b I , KaK n o ~ a 3 a H
~ ao

n p n M e p y nponac~oti A. ECAH 6 ~ 1~ Y 3 K ~B UMeAU

~~I
pHcyme. T a ~ x eH a n o rroc~y-
naTb c~ ~ K B ~ M K y
MO,T O P ~ I XOC-
me BbICOTj', ' I T 0 I I UX COCeAEI, TO OHH K a 3 U H C b 6 b 1 He- T p b l e OKOH9aHHX, H a n p H M e p ,
CKOAbKO KOpOYe. A eCAH O K p j T A b I e 3H;UCH HOMeCTIlTb C ~YKBBMA A MAH v
TOYHO M e m y m n e t i m p ~ l + ~ a ac p e ~ ~ enmneii,
ii OHH
6 y n y Ka3aTbCR
~ MeHbIlIe II CAeI'Ka IIpUIIOAHUMaTbCR H a
mmieii mpn+~a,K a K n o ~ a 3 a ~H ao pnc. 3.14.

llonoxm B OCHOBY T E I I ~ O ~ P ~ + E I K Um o c u T e a m I e e m -
HIIqbI, H B I I I M IIpaBUAbHbIfi n y T b K TOMY, Y T O ~ IIpe.4-
~ I
CTaBASITb, K a K MeHReTCR B U a U I ~ H + Tn~p E i I13MeHeHUU
nox
PHC. 3.14. POCTCTPOYHOB6 y ~
B ~ oIT ~ K O B ,'ITO o H a p a c n o n o x e -
-

Kerns. O & H ~ K O
ABa MOMeHTa A e A a m T 3 9 TeXHElKY H e H a TOYHO H a AHHHM ~ U P N + T ~

O'IeHb H U ~ X H O ~ . H AOCTHraeT c p e ~ ~ eAMHHU.

g
Bp e 3 y ~ b ~ KZLXeTCR,
a ~ e T O 6y~-
Bo-nep~b~x, ILIPH+T, nponopqnu KOTOPOI-o ornu-
sa ~ y ~ b - q ny p~ mb o A H m a no OT-
M U b H b I A M YTeHUR npIl OG~IYHOM K e r A e ( n p F i ~ e p H 0 HOIIIeHMK) K CBOHM COCeARM H
B 11 VKTOB), CTaHOBmCR M U 0 P ~ ~ ~ O P Z I I I B ~eCAN IM, BbIrARAHT YYTb M e A b Y e , Y e M
ero C I I A ~ H Oy M e m m m b . HYXCHO

Bo-BTOP~DL, K o r a a K e r a m p a + ~ ap e n n r a a a e T c a ,
TO K a X e T C I , T O np06ea1 YBeANYIlBaKWCR 6 ~ 1 c ~ p e e
BH~KOB,a rro c o 3 ~ a Be n~e y a T n e m e oyem p a 3 p e x e n ~ e
ro ~ a 6 o p a( ~ H c .3.15). n 0 C A e f l H a R O C O ~ ~ H H- OAHa O ~ ~
u 3 npu'Im C A o x H o c r k l ~ a 6 o p mpn+~a.
a Eti y n e n f i e x x
Looser
Looser MHOrO BHMMaHMX B nOCAeAyIOIQMX W a B a X , oco6e~~o
Looser 6 ZJ. 70, p a c c ~ a a b ~ ~ a r n moe iBib I K n r n q K e M nepesoce,
Looser
M 6 Z j l . 7 7, KOTOPaX nOCBXI4eHa TpeKHHTY M K e p H E I H q .
Looser
&AX OTBeTa H a BOIIPOC 0 TOM, K a K BCe-TaKM + O P M ~
E::r 3 H m O B M3MeHXeTCX B SaBNCEIMOCTM OT KerAX, C A e A y e T

Looser 0 6 p a ~ m b K U I P M ~ T O B O M +aiiny.
c ~ ~

Looser
Looser
Looser K ~ yKK a 3 b I B a h O C b 6 2A. 7, K ~ X A K
~ e Ir A~b M e T U A M Y e C -
KOrO IUPEI+T~
H y X H O 6 b m o r p a B M p O B a T b CIIeUMahbHO.

Looser XYAOXHHK~M
UIPH+T~
M3AOBYMTbCX n p M
6 b 1 ~ 0IIPMBbIYHblM AeAOM T a K
p a 3 p a 6 o ~ ~PEICyHKa
e ILIpH+Ta, YTO-

Looser 6 b 1 AOCTMYb o I I T M M ~ A ~ H ~
r0 KWAX B OTAeAbHOCTEI.
o ~~~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ M A
B O
M KPXAO-
C T I I

6onee M e n m i x ~ e r n e iMi TO 0 3 ~ a ~yaenme-

Looser HMe pOCTa CTPOYHLIX ~ P B , T O A e n a e T CTpOYHbIe
BbI 6onee OTYeTAMBbIMM. K p o ~ TOrO, e M ~ A K M
ae~

IlIpMCPT
~
6y~-

n o n y s a e T 6onee m l i p o K M e ru~puxx,TO y B e n M s m a e T

Looser ero Hacalgennocma. TO n p M n a e T s ~ a M~e n Kao r o~

I.U~M+T~
H e TOAbKO ~ O A ~ U I Y I~O ~ ~ ~ o ~ Y M BHO
o TBK-
c T ~ ,
Xe 06ecnesusae~A y Y I I I e e <<UBeTOBOe*COOTBeTCTBMe CO
3HaKaMM 6onee KpyIIHOrO X I I ~ M + T ~ , K O T O P ~ I n~p~H M e -
HXeTCX COBMeCTHO C HMM. B p e 3 y A b T a T e 9 T a AOnOAHH-
T e n b s a x M a c c a M e n K o r o X L I ~ M ~HTe ~paapymae~r a p -
0 6 h a ~ aCTpaHMULI. H ~ K O H ~ I J ,
MOHEIm ~ p a + M Y e c K o r o
MeAKMe ~ Y K B L A
I e A a I o T YYTb-YYTb mzipe, M H e Q A a TOI'O,
Y ~ 0 6 b 1YBeAMYMTb TOAWMHY LUTPEIXOB, a Y T O ~ YBeAM- ~ I
YMTb MX B H Y T P ~ H H E npo6en,
I~~ K O T O P ~ I Ha3bIBaeTCX
~
~ n y m p u 6 j n ~ e ~ nnpoc~emw"
au (counter), T e M caMLIM
CAeAaTb PaCCTOXHHe M e X A y rUTpMXaMM 6 o ~ e e 3aMeT-
HbIM. C ~ P ~ K T M ~ ~ c TOYKM
K O ~ I 3PeHMX 3 T 0 o r p y 6 n e ~ ~ e
YepT c n o c o 6 c ~ ~ y e~
~ysIIlefi
IIe'IaTM, M OTHOCMTeAbHafl
OTKPbITOCTb 3HaKOB H e II03BOAXeT K p a C K e 3 a A M B a T b
TOHKMe n p o 6 e n b 1 (pic. 3.16).
 PMC. 3.1G ( p e ~ ~ ~ u r e Mac-
Times New
l ~ ~ b ~ i i
I I I T ~ ~ P) H
. C ~ H O K IIIpPI~TaTpa-
AHIIUOI~HO s a s ~ c e nOT K C ~ R .

Roman B STOM x a p a ~ ~ e p 1 npuMcpc

rapauTypa

pa, KOHTPaCTUPYeT C raPHHv-

10~
Times New Roman,

Times New poii Times New Roman Small,

AM ra~enrbrx
npen11a311a.1e~~oii
YB~AH-
CTOgHbIX O ~ % I I B A ~ I I M ~ ~ .

Roman
Small Text
FOR SALE One sllghrly used Monormc FORSALE Oor slightly uwd M o n o m r m o g machine
casting machine In impeccable working in i w b t e working o r b , inoludmg m&r aod a
order, Including matrices and a liletlmc hfeb31y of paper rape Manuals mmi caodl:ian.
8uppIy 01 paper Iapc. Manuals in mint m y Fardeudsuldpncmg.cnlt1301-555-6178
condition. hardly used. For derails and
prlcing. call 1-201-555-6278.

C H 3 0 6 p e I " r ~ H e ~ + o ~ o ~ a 6 o pYHCAO
a ~cnon~sye-
MLIX M a ~ ~ e p - 0 6 p a 3 9(master
0~ designs) rupu+~apa-
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63 7 95 - (delete) C T a H A a p T O M K O A H p O B a H H X 6 b 1 ~C T a H A a p T ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange -
PHC. 4.4. K O ~ n b l O T e Up A e H T U - ~ M ~ P H K ~ H Cc K 1 f i o 6 ~ e H~H a
~ aH~~~~a p T H bKOA +O~M~UU-
+%uupyeT ~ Y K B L Ino K O A a M , eG), KOTOP~IGHCIIOAbSOBaA TOAbKO KOAbI OT 0 A 0 127,
a~ KOAOB
H ~ S ~ H H I I OT 0 no 127
K a K IIOKa3aHO H a PHC. 4.4. ECAH TeKCT C O X p W e H B
y BCeX O n e p W U O H H b I X CHCTeM
CoBnaAam, 3T0 TaK ~asbrsae- ne 3 ~ 0 r o+ o p ~ a ~ ero
a , MOXHO n e p e A a B a T b H Y m a T b ,
Mas ~ a 6 ~ n ASCII.
ua Konbx OT He3aBEICHMO OT TOrO, ~ a ~ 0LLIPHC~)T
fi H K a K a R OIIepaUH-
0 40 31, H e n O K a 3 H H b I e 3 A e C b , O H H m CEICTeMa HCIIOAb30BUHCb A M 3aIIHCH, IIOCKOAb-
IIPUCBOeHbI H e n e S a T H b I M KO- KY K O A ~ I ,nepenamume T e K c r , MMemT c T a H , q a p m b l e 3~a-
MaHAaM, H a n p u M e p , return UAU
backspace. Ha6op B H ~ K O BASCII
Yearn.H a n p ~ ~ eASCII-KOA
p, 72 o 3 ~ a ~ 3aa reh ~a ~ H y r o
HaHeCeH H a 60nbmu~crseK O M - AaTuHCKyHI ~ ~ ' K BH.
Y
IIblOTepHbIX K A a B U a T y p , XC- C T ~ H AUnicode
~ ~ T p a c r u H p x e T KOaOByIO CXeMy,
nOAb3)TOWUX a H r A U f i c ~ U fR
i 3blK BKAIOYaX 3HaKOBbIe KOMIIAeKTbI AAX HeAaTHHCKHX
~A+~BUTOB. EOAX,IUEIHCTBO U I P E I ~ T O B ~ I+GAOB
X CTBH-
AapTa Unicode, H a n p a M e p , A n n ~ ~ H ~ T C K meorpa-
HX
+ a r e c ~ a xR B ~ I K O B ,d~yxbaUYm06ale(double-byte) H MO-
I ~ cTo A e p x a T b 6onee 65 000'' ~ H ~ K O B .

TOnbKO Win ANSI

~ ~ O U IlpHCBOeHHR
~ C C 3 H a K a M YHCAOBbIX 3 ~ a ' l e ~ H f i D ~ P ~ S
Ha3bIBaeTCfl ?C0dUp06altUe& (encoding). GO T o r 0 K a K ; i ) Z i 1 / 4 % x 1
Macintosh a Windows CTW n o n n e p r n n B a T b CTaHAapT
Unicode, OHH HCIlOAb3OBanH p a 3 H b I e KOAOBbIe CXeMbI
( ~ a 6 m ~ b 1 )T .a 6 m u b 1 C O B n w a h a B OCHOBHOG 'lacm ~ o n b ~MacRoman
o
KOMIMeKTa ASCII, HO p a 3 A U Y a h H C b B 3HaKaX, HMeIO-
IUHX KOAbI IIOCAe 128, T a K H a 3 b I B a e M b I e 3HaKEI cmap-
w u x p a 3 p ~ d o(high-bit).
~ ~ o ~ TO, r ~ no-
P e s y n b ~ a crano o TM~KO MacRoman, a a l n Symbol
KYMeHTbI, KOAUPOBaBuIIIeCZ H a O A H O ~K~O M ~ ~ I O T ~ P H O ~
M ~ T + o ~ MH~a , ~p)TofiO s e H b YaCTO o ~ o 6 p a r n a n a c b
HeKOppeKTHO.
kI A e n o H e TOSKO B TOM, YTO O n e p a u a o H H b I e CHC-
Unicode a c n o n b s o ~ a np ~a s a b ~ e
T e M b r AO c T a w a p T a
T ~ ~ A U KOAHPOBaHHR,
U ~ I a B TOM, 'IT0 OHH IIPHMeHtLZH PHC. 4.5.M3 6a3o~omKOMIIAeKTa
p a 3 H b I e IIOAMHOXeCTBa KOMIIAeKTa Latin 1 B KaZIeCTBe 3HaKOB, nOKa3iLHHOm H a PUC. 4.2,
CBOUX CTWAaPTHbIX KOMIIAeKTOB 3HaKOB. K rpynne ~ H ~ K OWin
B ANSI u ~ e -

K O M I I A ~ K TCHCTeMbI Macintosh (H KOAOBaX ~a6na- IOT ~ ~ X M O

AOECTYII TOAbKO npO-

~ aHa3bIBaeTCS
) MacRoman; a KOMIIAeKT CHCTeMbI AAX rpaMMbr Windows. K rpynne
CUMBOAOB MacRoman ahfem-r
Windows (a KOAOBaJi ~ a 6 m u aHa3bIBaeTCR
) Win ANSI. AOCTyII TOAbKO IIOAb3OB;tTCAIl
XOTZPaCIIPOCTpaHUTeAH IKIPH+T~ MOrJT
' IlpOAaBaTb Macintosh. Haxann rpynrra
OAHOHMeHHbIe U I P U ~ T O B ~+I a~h b 1 BAR o6enx IIAaT- MacRoman, + a h Symbol B K ~
+OPM, IIOAb30BaTeAEI CUCTeMbI Mac IIOAyYaT B E I p P i 4 - YaeT 3HaKU B O C H O B I I O ~T ~ ~ A E I I I C

TOBOM ClM.he O n H y I'pynIIy 3HaKOB, a IIOAb30BaTeAU KOnHpOBOK MacRoman, KOTO-

PbIe eCTb B KBXAOM IIIPII+TO-
CUCTeMbI Windows - A p y T y l o . Ha pHC. 4.5 IIOKa3aHbI BOM C@ahe Mac, XOTX H a CaMOM
3HaKH, KOTOpbIe A 0 n0XBAeHUX Unicode 6 b m yHHKahb- Gene OHR 3aNMCTBOBaHbI 113
HbIMU AAZ K ~ X A O GI I A ~ T + o ~ M ~ I . + ~aO
III~U+TOBO ha Symbol
 ~ O C K O A ~ KBCe
Y BTH 3 H a K H A ~ ~ ~ C T B H T ~ A
IIPHCyTCTBYloT
~HO B ILIPII+TOBOM
HeKOTOpbIe 6onee o~o6pame-
IIpOABHHyTbIe I I p H A O X e H H I i M O r F HCnOAb3OBaTb HX A X 4
HHX H a e K p a H e MAH AAR B b I B o A a H a nesam, name ecnti onepauaoaaa c H c T e M a H e npeno-
c T a m x e T n p r l i v o r o Aoc-ryna K HMM.
H a n p ~ ~ e AOKyMeHT,
p, ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ bH la fKiO M I I b I o T e p e PC, U M e l o I U e M ~ n e J l H a A b ~ b 1 f i
3 H a K A P O ~ E I'I4,
M O X e T 6b1-r~ OTKPbIT H a M a U I H H e Macintosh C n p a B H A b H b I M O T O ~ ~ ~ X ~ H H -
e M B T O ~A P O ~ HTOAbKO B TOM C A y Y a e , eCAH n p o r p a M M a , B ~ o ~ o p oAOKYMeHT fi OTKPbIBa-
eTCR, AOCTaTOYHO K C O O ~ ~ ~ ~ E I Y T T
~ OA ~~ ~ nono6pa~b
HI ~ ~ , C O O T B ~ T C T B Y ~ ~ ~3 H
U aHK~H OTO-
6pa311~bero. He B c e n p o r p a M M b 1 H a 3 ~ C0I I O C O ~ H ~ I .
a YX eCAH OAHH H 3 T a K H X Y y X e p O A H b I X 3HaKOB nOnaJJaeT B fiOKYMeHT, er0 M O X H O
IIePeHOCHTb B ,LipyrHe AOKyMeHTbI, A r n e eCAH H a A ~ H H O ~ ~~ T + O P M
~ A er0
~ HeAb3X Ha-
6 p a ~ bH a K A a B H a l Y p e . TO, KOHeYHO, +OKYC, HO H H O r A a OH M O X e T nPHrO&lWbCR.

~ ~ M M C T B O B ~ H H3 H
~ iIt K~ M Mac
O n p e ~ e A e ~ 3~H ab K~H eB K O M n h e K T e MacRoman 3aHMCTBOBaHbI H 3 LIIPEI+TOBO~'O + a f i A a
Symbol (CM. p ~ c .4.5). Korna BM p a 6 o ~ a e ~H ea K o M n b m T e p e Macintosh, TO K a m e T c s ,
9 T O 3 T I 1 3 H a K M RBAXIoTCR q a C T b l o K a X A O T O LLIpH+Ta.
H a n p ~ ~ ecpo s,e T a H H e K n a B M r u <Option>+<D>B c e r A a ab13b1~ae.r c ~ p o s ~ yrpeyec-
ro
KYH) ~ Y K B Yc(AeAbTa>) - 8. HO KOAbI, IIpHCBOeHHbIe BTHM ~ Y K B B MB K O A O B O ~~~ a 6 n ~ u e
K O M n A e K T a MacRoman, y K a 3 b I B a l o T H a n y c T b I e X Y e i i ~ l B
i ILIPII+TOBOM +aiine Mac. n p I I
BBeAeHHH BTHX KOAOB O n e P a U M O H H a X CMCTeMa 06pawae~cxK ~ P H + T O B O M Y + a f i A y
Symbol. TO, KCTaTH, O ~ ' ~ R C H X ~IIOYeMy T, 3aHMCTBOBaHHbIe 3HilKH H H K O r A a H e COOTBeT-
CTBYIoT CTMAK) LUPM+T~, KOTOPbIM BbI ~ a 6 a p a e TeKCT ~ e ( ~ C A HTOAbKO 3 T 0 H e rapHlWJ'Pa
Times Roman, H a OCHOBe K O T O P O ~IIpOeKTHpOBaACIi
~ K O M n A e K T Symbol).
3 ~ AaH ) ~ O I I ~ I T H CHTyaUHR
~X x a p a K T e p H a T o A b K O A X 4 Mac II TOAbKO 3 T O r O no-
Ae3HOTO K O M n A e K T a 3HaKOB.

O n e p a n ~ o ~ CHcTeMbI
~ b ~ e Windows (c n o M o r u b m ~ T H A I I ~Character
I Map) H Mac 0s
(C IIOMOlUbIo yTHAHTb1 Key Caps) lIO3BOAJiloT YBMAeTb KOMIIAeKT 3HaKOB U H + ~ O B O ~ O
+aha. k ' 3 3THX IIOAe3HblX I I p O r p a M M ( ~ M T )H e A b 3 R Y3HitTb TOYHO, KaKkIe 3HaKX1 CO-
AepXHT K O H K ~ @fiii.
~ I ~H e~K o ~ o p b n~ peE M o X e H w r CaMkl H a Y a h u n p e & k a r a T b n o f i o 6 ~ y l o
 PHC. 4.6. l l p o r p a ~ ~Adobe
a
InDesign H M e e T BCTPO~HHLIH
0603pesa~enbU I ~ H + T O B ~ I X
+aHnos, a pacKpbIsamqeecx
MeHKl AAX YCKOpeHIlR IIOEiCKa
3HaKOB B PaCUIkiPeHHOM KOMn-
A e K T e n 0 3 B O A X e T ~ b 1 6 ~ i p aOT-
m
A e A b H b I e KAaCCbl 3HaKOB. ~ T U
K A a c c b I O n p e A e n e H b I BHYTPU
UIpH+~OBOrO +aha, B AaHHOM
wyqae n p e g m a s A e H a raptmypa
Palatino B + o p ~ a ~TrueType
e

ychyry, nasm n o n b 3 o ~ a ~ enocTyn

m K pacmHpeHHo-
MY KOMMeKTJ' 3HaKOB CTaKAapTa Unicode, name eCAH
OnepaUFiOHHaS CkiCTeMa He HMeeT T ~ K O
BO~BMOXHOC-
m (puc. 4.6).

Y T ~ HCharacter
T ~ Map
(Windows)
Y ~ m m Character
a Map (ee MOXHO BbI3BaTb, ~ b 1 6 p a ~
nocAenoBaTeAbao: Programs I Accessories I
System Tools) o ~ o 6 p a m aBce
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mp~+ro~oro
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B B w e T ~ ~ A H U L I . n o M o u L r o YTHAEIT~IMOXHO BLIGP~TL H nepeHecTH 3 ~ UHa ~
rppny 3HaKOB B OTKPLITLI~~
A O K p e H T . H p P i BLIAeAeHIul 3 H a K a o ~ o 6 p a m a e ~ cKOA,
R no
KOTOPOMY MOXHO 0 6 p a ~ a T b c HK H e M y . &R ~ a 6 o p nm6oro
a 3HaKa 6e3 IIOMOIUEI YTNhPI-
TbI, H a n P H M e P H 3 TeKCTOBOrO IIpOIleCCOpa, MOXHO H a X a T b KAaBPiUIY H BBeCTH KOA
3HaKa; IIOCAe OTnyCKaHHR KAaBHLUEi COOTB~TCTBYK)IUII~~
3HaK IIORBHTCH B TeKCTe.
B aepcwrx Windows, KoTopLIe n o m e p m a n x Unicode, T a K m T e m o n o n i x p a 6 0 T a e ~
K m CO I l I p H B~KOAHpOBKe Win ANSI, TaK H CO lIIpH@aMH B KOAMpOBKe Unicode.
Ho B Unicode-q~+raxc noMoILZbIO K m B m m i 1
0
- M ~ K O 3 mK O ~ O B K M ANSI.
& J J T H e 3HaKII U A ~ H ' I X @ H U I I P ~ ~ O T CyXe R C IIOMOULK, I I l e C T H ~ 4 a T e p P i s H L I X( C M C T ~ -
M a cseTa, B KOTOPO~~ P ~ C ~ O A L ~ ~ KK Y p~oCMXe ux+p 0-9 H G ~ K B L I A-F) KOAOB Unicode.
B ~ O A ~ I L I E I H C TaBH~~ A O R 3 L I S H b I XB e p c & Windows Pi n p o r p a M M H L I x I I p U o X e ~ P i i ~i e o 6 -
XOAHMO B b I p e 3 a T b (Cut)H BKAeHI% (Paste)B A O K y h l e m H y X H b I e 3H;1KLI HeIIOCpeACTBeHHO
~3 ~ ~ ~ e p + e i~i cHa A ~ Character L I Map. B ~oaeiiruaxn p m o m e m x , K o T o p L I e H c n o n b -
~ ~ I n
Op eTw M y x u e c T s a n o n n e p x K H Unicode, M o m H o ~ ~ 6 P i p a Tr uL e c ~ ~ a n u a ~ e p x ~KOA
~ b r i i
s ~ a (~~ aa n p a ~ e02A5),
p, 3a KOTOPLIM c n e A y e T K o M a H n a <Alt>+<X>,n p e o 6 p a 3 p 1 ~ a x
KO& B C O O T B ~ T C T B Y K ) ~3HaK.
H~~ AOK~AP~~OB~H C IIu~l Windows H I I ~ H A o X ~ I M MO-
B eHp L %
r)py 0 6 p a w a ~ ~ cKHHeAaTPiHCKUM 3 H a K a M HeIIOCpeAcTBeHHO ( n p H YCAOBMM HCIIOAb30Ba-
IMX C O O T B ~ T C T B ~ ~ O
K IAU~~B~H~~ T Y P ~ I ) .
H o c r t o n b ~ yB IIIPP~@TOBOM +aiine c T m , q a p T a Unicode ~ o c ~ a ~ MoHso r~o BoH ~ K O B ,
TO y T I l A m a Character Map B ~ I B O A H TH a ~ K P ~n oHo s e p e A H o O n p e A e n e H H b I e r p y n n b l : Ha-
I I p H M e p , T e , KOTOpbIe PiCnOAb3YIOTCX AAR KOHKpeTHbIX R3LIKOB, HAH 9PiCAOBbIe SHBKII,
B K A I o r a R IIpOCTLIe ~ p 0 6 P fH 3HaKH AAX HX nOCTpOeHW3.

Y T H AKey
~ ~Caps (Mac)
YTHAHT~ Key Caps o ~ o 6 p a m a He ~a 3 K p a H e K A a B H a T y p y &AX TOrO, m-06~1
iIOKa3aTL, Ka-
KHe 3HaKH COOTBeTCTByDT OnpeAeAeHHLIM KhaBHILIaM. Haxame KhaBMIUPi <Shift>MeHR-
B a~m~ e T~ , H ~ K
~ ~~ Oe K ~ ~ L I K
eT~ 3 0 6 p a m eH A OHC T ~ ~ H LnIp P i ~ a m a ~ oKinia n H r u e . To me
npoacxonm n p H H a m a mrnaeami <Option>HAEI 06em KnaBPiru o,qHospeMeHHo.
M M ~ sRe T b I p e B a p P i m T a (6e3 H a X a T b I x K A a B u m , T O A ~ K O<Shift>, TOALKO <Option>
HAH o6e O A I I O B ~ ~ M ~ H H OO)n, e p a U M O H H a R CHCTeMa Mac 0s PiCIlOAL3yeT K a X A y I o
~ A ~ ~ B ~ H O - U H ~KAaBHLLIy
~ O B ~ I&AX
O AOCTjTIa K Y e T L I p e M KOMIlAeKTaM 3HaKOB. K ~ HK
B y ~ H m Character
e Map B c H c T e M e Windows, nce ~ H ~ K B
HL, I~P~HHL
B Io~K H e ~ H A H T L I
Key Caps, MOrYT ~ L I T Ln e p e H e c e H b 1 B AOKyMeIIT.
 O ~ ~ ~ ~ UCHCTeMa
H O H H 0s
Mac ~ IIpHMeHReT T a K X e H 6onee CAOXHbIe K O M ~ I I H ~ -
ICnaBHIII A M B b I 3 0 B a C n e I l H U b H b I X AHaKPHT?iYeCKHX 3HaKOB. ,@R 3 T O r 0 BaM H y X H O
Y A e p X H B a T b H ~ X ~KAaBHXUy
T O ~ <Option>,K O r A a H a X H M a e T C R KAaBHILIa AHaKpHTHYeC-
K o r o a ~ a ( a~K a T y n o r o ynapeam (grave), y M n R y T a
u e m a l ' ) : o c T p o r o y n a p e H m (acuteL2),
(dieresis), ~ ~ n b ~ b ~ ' " t i I d e~)n r ?u x p ~ p + n e ~ c(circumflex).
a 3 a ~ oeT a e~n b H b I M ~ e f i -
CTBHeM BbI H a X M M a e T e K A a B I ? T G ~ K B ~ HI ,W K O T O P O ~P~a C n O A a r a e T C R A H ~ K ~ E ~ T M Y ~ C K H ~ ~
~ H ~ K . T O A ~ K O T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ K ~ ~ H ~ ~ O R B A X ~ T C R ~ K U ~ H T H ~ O B ~ H H L
AM T o r 0 ~ ~ 0 6 Y3HaTb,
b 1 rae paCIZOAOXeHL1 3TkI aKUeHTHPOBaHHble 3HaKE1, HBHCMZITe
KAaBlvuy <Option> n p H OTKpbITOM OKHe yT&iAHTbl Key Caps. B ~ J'BI HAHTe, YTO n R T b
KhaBIlrU B OKHe O K p Y p e H b I CePbIMH p a M K a M H . TO H eCTb nHaKpFiTHYeCKHe 3HaKH. ECAM
B ~ Wenmuwe
I H a OAHOM u 3 HHX H o T n y c T m e K n a s I i m y <Option>, BLI pmme ~ ~ K B L I ,
HaA KOTOpblMH p a 3 M e W e H b I AHaKpIITHYeCKHe 3HaKH.

Mac OS ~ .Unicode
i

B O n e p a ~ H 0 ~ ~ CIICTeMe
0 f i 0s X - ~ ~ Z H C T B ~ H HK OOT~O, p U n0AHOCTbIo n O A n e p X H B 2 r -
c T a m a p T Unicode - TOT cnoc06 ewe Gonee y c n o m H I i n c a . B ~ no-npemae~y
I MoxrTe
~ c n o ~ b s o sya~Tbm q Key Caps, ~ ~ 0 6 YbB1W e T L BCe 3HaKH B IIIPH+TOBOM +ak\e. E:
B ~LHTAH%CKO%BepCIlkl O I ~ ~ P ~ L I I I O H HCHCTeMbI
O~~ B o ~ o 6 p a x e KAaBHaTYPbI
~~a OCTafCTCE
TOAbKO CHMBOhbI K O A O B O ~T~ ~ ~ A M MacRoman:
U ~ I AaTHHCKHe 6 y K ~ b 1H 3HaKH I13 LUF:I*-
TOBOrO + a h a Symbol.
B 3 ~ 0 f iOII~P~UIIOHHO%CHCTeMe BCe n p H A O X e H W 4 , KOTOpbIe nOAAePXHBaH)T C3;IL-
A a p T Unicode, B e A y T c e 6 H
~ e T a K , KaK T e , KOTOpbIe eTO H e IIOAAePXHBaIOT. H a n p t r \ i e p .
n p O r p a M M b 1 . KOTOpbIe H e npHeMAH)T U n i c o d e , H e M O r y T HenOCpeACTBeHHO HCIIO.\Ki.c-
B a T b IIIPH+T~I, OCHOBElHHbIe H e H a K O A O B O ~~~a b ' n ~ MacRoman.
ue Ha~6oneeH3Be-x-
MH 113 ~ T I I XXUPU+TOB R B ~ C Symbol
R EI Zapf Dingbats (HX ~ H ~ K memH KOALI U n i c ~ d e .
HO BHe , m a n a 3 o H a MacRoman). To me G Y A ~ Tc n p a s e n m o am ~10601-o Unicode-rnprf@-;.
H a n p u M e p , AM nro601-oa 3 t r a ~ c ~ o~r o 3 b 1 ~ a .
y I I ~ H A o x ~ H E ~KOTOPbIe
, H e IIOflAePHCHBaKlT Unicode, H ~ O ~ X O A N M06pa~zf1-=z~
O
K n o m International B A H a o r o B o M o K n e System Preferences AAR B b i 6 ~ i ; 3
~ p e 6 y e ~ oPfaiC K A W K H KAaBHaTj'pbI (o,L(HH YCTaHOBKM KaCilIOTCR CIICUH+EIKH R 3 5 Z c l
a A p y I X e - ~ n e I U i + r ? ~ F iUIPHQTOB~IX + ~ ~ A o B ) 3. a n a ~ H b 1 eYCTaHOBKH IlORBAXETL<
B p a c K p b I s a r o w e M c 9 M e m o n p o r p a ~ Key
~ b ~Caps. Hanpmep, ~ r 0 6 b 1Y C T ~ H O B E T TIIIPIIQT
~
Zapf Dingbat, H ~ O ~ X O A H MsOb 1 6 p a ~ bC o o T s e T c T B y I o w p K n a B H a q p y , H a KOTOPO~! z x
nonyqaeTe ~ o c ~ Ky nCHMBOA~M 3~01-o+ a h a c noivowbw Tex me KnasHru, K O T O ~ E
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I 92 Y a c m a I. Ocnoea~m u n o z p a ~ u x u

AAR~ ~ H A O X ~ HKOTOpLIe
H ~ ~ , IIOAnepXHBaIOT Unicode, H e T H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T nepe-
H
KAIOsaTb p a C K A a n K y KAaBHaTypbI, nOTOMy S T 0 T a K H e n p O r p a M M b 1 aBTOMaTIlYeCKR Ha-
CTPORTCR B COOTBeTCTBHH C B ~ I ~ P ~ H H LU
IMnicode-mp~~+~o~.
U n i c o d e - I U ~ H + T O B C paCILIHpeHHbIM KOMnAeKTOM 3HaKOB YTIMEITa Key Caps,
Kart H n o ~ 0 6 ~ aeiix B o n e p a u ~ o ~ ~coH ic Ti e M e Windows, 0 ~ 0 6 p a X a e To n p e a e n e ~ ~ b ~ i i
KAaCC 3HaKOB, IIOBTOMY H e T H y X A L I BCRKHG p a 3 IIpOCMaTpHBaTb BeCb KOMnAeKT.
K ~ HKWindows, onepauaoaaax c a c T e h . I a Mac OS X ~ O ~ B O A I Inepeaocan, ~T ~ H ~ K E I
sepes 6y+ep o 6 ~ e ~ ecnx a , TOALKO y sac ~ e a ~ r n o ~ s b o~n se p~a au nxo H H a x c u c T e M a
) oco6ax n o f i n e p x K a U n i c o d e - m p ~ + ~ o ~
(H H e n a T x H c K a r r p a c K n a n K a H a ~ n a s x a y p eHAM
B I I p U O X e H H H , nOTOMy T O 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0KAaBEIaTYpa I I O n A e p X U B a e T 3HaKH TOALKO K O A O B O ~ ~
T ~ ~ A E I I I LMacRoman.
I OAH~K OB c e r n a
BLI M O X e T e H a 6 p a ~ bKOA C T a H A a p T a Unicode,
y A e p X H B i M H ~ X ~ TKAaBHllIJ'
O ~ <Option>.Korna Bb1 O T n y c K a e T e KAaBHIUy, 3HaK IIORBAII-
eTCR B AOKYMeHTe.

c I I e I J H a A b ~ b 1 eHAH U b T e p H a T H B H b I e
~ U P H ~ T O B+afiAb1
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ao npmona c T a m a p T a Unicode H + o p ~ a ~OpenType
a ~oA~IUHHCTBO J.LI~M+TOB~IX
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IIOAb3OBaHHR T o r 0 EiAH IiHOrO LIIPH+TB.

kI3 O n b I T a H a M M3BeCTH0, T O HeKOTOpbIe J . I I ~ M C # ~ TYH-

~I
T ~ C heme, X v e M Apyrae. C o ~ e p m e ~
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B P ~ H E I Rm o r p a + m e c ~ o r oK a v e c m a B o c n p m H M a m c R
nerve, a A p y r u e T p y A H e e . TOT ax^ B c e r n a H m e p e c o -
B a h ~ ~ ~ H ~ I x - T E ~IIPOBOAHBIUMX
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IIpOTHBOpeYHBbIM BbIBOAaM. Aame 0 6 m e n p ~ ~ ~ ~ b r e
%be legibilitp of tppee', it
e'eeme', i$ largelp a matter
of $abit. El recent e'tubp
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tppefatee'eucb a$ Cloie'ter
@la& are jue't a$ legible
anb eae'ilp reabable as
roman tppee' to epee' @at
are accue'tomeb to @em.
PMC. 5.1. XOTXpacnpoc~par-~e-
HO MHeHEle, T O ( P p a ~ T y ~ HAM
y,
TOTEIY~CKHEUI UIPH+IT, T x x e n e e
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b
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I I p R M b I e LLIPM+TLI AOATO C Y m a h H C b 6onee yno609ma-
eMLIMH, Y e M KYpCEIBHbIe. B OAHOM HCCAeAOBaHHEI A a X e
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Ho nocnenymxuee ~ a y s e paspyrumo ~ ~ e 3TEI c T e -
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H E I H A 0 B T O P O ~M W P O B O ~ ~
IIOIIyAXpHLIM B ~ ~ ~ M ~ BnAOTL
(puc.
~ o i i ~ b 1 5.1). Bce c w T a m T , YTO n p x r H H a 6onee
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BO C~)P~KTJ'PHLIX
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BLIRBEI-
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~, K YTeHEIM
+ p a ~ ~ y pH e, OTAHYahaCb OT CKOPOCTEi 9TeHEIR Y TeX,
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~ o i ~iH T E I K B O ~ ~ .
ECAM HCKA~~EIT nnoxoii
L ~ u s a iIIi nnoxym
~ BepcT-
KY, TO HeCOMHeHHO, 9 T O ~ a ~ l 6 0 h eYe ~ O ~ O Y E ~ T ~ ~ M ~
LLIPM+TZ~MEI IIBAIIIOTCR T e , KOTOpLIe I I p E I ~ b 1 9 ~ e e ' .
( K o ~ e s ~ oTO, 3 a ~ n m q e ~ K~aicea e T c x TOALKO H a -
GOPH~IX, a H e a K W A e H T H L I X HAM AeKOpaTliBHbIX IJIpEI+-
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3aTpYAHRKlT 'ZTeHHe, He3aBEICMMO OT TOFO, HaCKOAbKO
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M e H e e , YTO c T e p e o m n H L I e n p e n c T a a n e H m o nhoxoii
~ A O ~ ~ Y H T ~ ~ M OFPOTeCKHbIX
CTEI H KYPCHBHbIX LLIPH+TOB
HesepHLr. M a c c o s ~ ~~iui s a i i au ~ ~ i n o r p a + ~ l r e cn ~p a Ka m K a A e n a m T TOT BLIBOA MCTMH-
HLIM, MCnOAb3YX U A M KHUr, M AAX X y P H a h O B , M AAX r a 3 e T U C K ~ S k I T e A L H On p R M L I e
~ M Q TCL3 aIC e P K a M U . kI nPMBbIKaSI, 4 U T a T e A U A P U I e BOCIlpMHMMaKlT MX.
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~ HYTeHUX,
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K OTMeYaAOCL, O ~ L I ~ H L IBUaOM
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TeKCT, XBAIIeTCX n p X M a R aHTMKBa. TO H e 3aKOH, HO 0 6 1 u e n p ~ i ~ m a s fIIpaKTHKa. XOTX
CTOPOHHMKOB ~ a 6 o p TeKCTa
a rpOTeCKOM MHOI'O M AOCTaTOYHO BhEIRTeALHLIX, M O X e T 6 b f l b ,
n OMA a p K O M A M rpOTeCKHLIX LLIPHQTOB C T a h O IIOXBAeHMe HaCTOAbHLIX
CaMbIM ~ O A ~ ~ I I M
M3AaTeALCKMX CUCTeM. Ha KaKOe-TO B p e M X ~ a n 6 o ~ 4ea Ce T O UCnOAb3yeMbIMU lupMc]?~a-
MM CTUU BapHaHTbI r a p H m y p Times Roman' ( r a s e ~ ~ a ~r Hi T E I K B ~M) Helveticit ( ~ e a ~ e c y -
I u M f TOT~CK). K a m n ~ ~npOM3BOAUTeAb
ii IIpUHTepOB M U H ~ ] ? ~ O B ~ILIPEI+TOB
IX PaCIIOAa-
ran c ~ o e i is e p c ~ e i iTUX ~ M + T O B , s a s a c ~ pBTMM M O r p a H M Y u B a h M c L . kI 133 a B y x
III~H+TOB Helvetica n o h y m a ~ a ~ 6 o ~ b rou~eoe6 p e a ~ i e .
~ ~ O T ~ C K JH. LLl ~I E~ f ( t ) ~ b I ~ a I u MCnOAL3JWT
e AAX OCPOPMA~HUR, H a n p M M e p , 3arOAOB-
KOB U TUTYAOB, a T a K X e B P e K A a M e , B CaMOM A e A e , I I e p B b I M M3BeCTHbIM IipOMbILUAeH-
HLIM IIIPN+TOM 6e3 s a c e ~ e C~O, ~ A ~ H H L I YUALXMOM
M K ~ ~ A O H (William
OM Caslon)
B H a Y a n e AeBXTHaAUaTOrO B e K a , ~ L I A P ~ K A ~ M IIIPH+TH ~ I ~ ~K W A X 14, K O T O P L I ~H ~a3BUM
Egyptian ( E r a n e ~ c ~ ~(He i i ~n)o.T o M y , YTO OH B L I r A n n e A n o - e n m e ~ c a~ n~p,o c T o B T e
B p e M e H a e r a n e T c K a x T e M a 6~1na oYeHL n o n y n R p H a , H Bce, H M e m u e e KacaTenLcTBo
K A p e B H o c T N MAN ee a p x a T e K - r y p e , nonysano I ~ M X ,C B X ~ ~ H HcOX~U ~ H L K I H a 6eperax
A p e B H e r O %ha.) C IIOXBAeHMeM CMeHHbIX AOCOK 0 6 ' b X ~ ~ e H l i B i i XIX B e K e AAII lupUc]?-
TOB 6e3 3 a c e ~ H e a~c T y n u A a nopa p a c u a e T a . a p y r u ~H ~ ~ B ~ HILIPM+TOB U ~ M 6e3 3ace-
YeK, K o T o p o e npmecna T a enoxa, c ~ a n o n p e ~ € ! 6 p e X U ~ e ~ b ~ 0~zfiomech-."grotesque).
e
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T o r 0 B e K a , K O T O ~ ~ BUAUMO,
I ~ ~ , C T a h O C H O B O ~AAX
~ FaPHEiTYpLI Helvetica, Ha3LIBaACR
Akzidenz Grotesque.
G ~ K B ~&M I I TORI, m 6 b 1 6 b ~ yao6~ee
0 sepcran WKCT
By 3 m ra3e-mb1~ KmoxiKax. A m,qaTehEi npumam J ~ rYap
q y , nmMy w o oHa n o s ~ o m Ba K O H O 6y~a1-y. ~
A n + a ~ m~ H T ~ C K HCXT P O ~ H ~ I X6 y B rapmmype
~ ~
am~apmoii> r u>k ~ p m 3a~mae-r
x npmepHo 13Kerea-
~ I X h. o c m e s ~ b mnpms~~e a n + a ~ m ous~c ~ p o m ~ ~
~ H ~ I C O B HeKmopbxx E I ~ B ~ r ~a pIx X m p no~a3a~bx
Ha puc. 5.2. Osearw~o,w o crpoKa y rapEMTypb1Times
Kopoqe, qeM y OCTWH~IX raprarryp, p e m e m i e m p u -
m~B H ~ K O BKOTOP~IX He T O ~ K OynFmaeT y ~ o 6 o w a e -
M O HO ~ ,n c03aam-r BneqaTnemie 6oamero npomopa
(open)Ha crpmme. %o BnevaTnemie ~ o s ~ ~ u6naro- cae~
Aapx cornomemno B ~ I C O T ~xupuea I u 6 o ~ e &e ~ ~ H H E , I X
TOK, xapamepHbnr w miur EI X ~ H ~ O CTPOKEI,
B . Ha-
6 p w ~ rap~xrypoii
e Times (pnc. 5.3),K ~ ~ T 6onee W I
C I U ~ I M UqeM , y O ~ ~ F M ~mnxibxx
I X rapmryp. A pac-
nonararr aocTaTombul r r p o c ~ p a ~ c m B crpoKe,
o~ saseM
CXMMaTb T ~ K C T ?
At many stages in the advance of humanity, conflict between
the men who possess more than they have earned and the
men who have earned more than they possess is the central
condition of progress. In our day it appears as the struggle
of free men to gain and hold the right of self-government as
against the special interests, who twist the methods of free
government into machinery for defeating the popular will. PHC. 5.3. B e p x ~ a Ia63a4 TeK-
m a ~ a 6 p raa ~p ~ m y p o i Times
j
Roman, Y 3 K H M Ta3eTHbIM
At many stages in the advance of humanity, conflict be- I U ~ H ~ ~ T OH
O MKajKeTCX
, IlpH Ta-
tween the men who possess more than they have earned K O AANHe
~ CTPOKH HeCKOAbKO
and the men who have earned more than they possess CXaTbIM. B HEIXHeM a63aue TOT
is the central condition of progress. In our day it appears Xe TeKCT ~ a 6 p raa~p ~ n ~ y p o f i
as the struggle of free men to gain and hold the right of Sabon, ero pa3~eureaueKmeT-
self-government as against the special interests, who twist CX 6 o ~ e eeCTeCTBeHITbIM, no-
CKOAbKY YBeAIlYeHHbIe WHPHHbl
the methods of free government into machinery for de-
~ H ~ K O60hbWe
B nonxonxT nAx
feating the popular will.
T ~ K O %AAHHbI CTPOKM
I
706 Yacma I. O c ~ o a amunozpa$u~u
~
I

Monotype Bembo B HacTosuee BpeMx r a p H m y p y Times y a q e , s e M

ATF Goudy Old Sryle A p y r H e I L I P L I ~ T L IIpHMeHRKIT
I, HeIIpaBMALHO. Hpo~~x
Linotype Sabon C O C T O ~B TOM, -TO B ra3e~axee O~LI,IYHOH e HC~OAL~Y-
KIT paxe B *Times)>.
ITC New Baskerville
CIIUCOK CaMLIX n0IIyAXpHLIX r a p H I l T y p IIpeACTaB-
ATF Century Expanded A e H H a PMC. 5.4. k3x ITOXOXeCTb H e BLI3LIBaeT COMHe-
Linotype Caslon 540 y
~ H f i , BCeX MMeKITCR 3aCe4KM, Y BCeX CXOXHe IlpOIIOp-
Adobe Gararnond UUH M O A U H ~ K O B L KOHTPaCT
I~~ M e X A Y OCHOBHbIMM El
ITC Galliard BCnOMOraTeALHbIMM IYTpHXaMH OTAeALHLIX 3HaKOB.
T a ~ o fyi ~ e p e ~ ~ b IKOHTpaCT
?I C03AaeT B M ~ ~ U L L H PUTM
LI~~
B CTPOKe, KOTOPLIG MeHReTCII, HO H e pa3Apit;ICWIIJe
p e 3 K O . C ~ ~ B H MCTPOKH,
T ~ H ~ ~ ~ Z ~ H HKL ~I P~ H H T Y P O ~
Baskerville, CO CTPOKBMM, H ~ ~ P ~ H H ~ IrBpHHTj'p0fi
MLI
T ~ onpeneneHHoro
I ~ a s ~ a s e - Bodoni ( p ~ c .5.5),u BLI pwwre, TO n o c n e n H x x 3a c s e T
HEX - ~ a 6 o p aTeKCTa. Y HHX Y e p e A o s a m i x s e p H o r o M 6enoro c o 3 n a e . r H a n p s m e H -
OTCYTCTBYeT ~HAblIb~fi KOH-
I HOCTL, O T C ~ T C T B ~ I O ~B~ nKeIp B o M n p a M e p e . T a ~ o fnpa-
i
TpaCT, POCT CTpOYHbIX ~ Y K B
AOCTaTO9eH, HO He CAHIUKOM MaTM3M A U e K O H e B C e r A a H ~ O ~ X O A E IBMAAEiHHLIX TeK-

BbICOK, II OHH He 11PHBAeKaH)TK c T a x , a r u p n + ~n y s l r r e B b I n o m x e T c ~ o m sanasy, e c m

I ce6e BHHMaHHX O C O ~ ~ I MIIapa-
H H a 6 p a H ~ L I f TeKCT
i <<3BysUT>> IIpHmyLUeHHO.
! MeTpaMH HAH H3bICKaMH an3aH-
Ha. ~ T IUpH9I'bl
M KOHCepBaTHB- There is an opinion that parties in free countries are use-
HbI H 3AeTaHTHbI ful checks upon the administration of the Government
and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty This within
certain limits is probably true, and in governments of a
monarchical cast, patriotism may look with indulgence,
if not with favor, upon the spirit of party But in those of
PHC. 5.5.E m cxepmamoe B I I ~ the popular character, in governments purely elective, it
Yamerne n p o u m o m TeKcr, Ha- is a spirit not to be encouraged.
6pa1m.G EIPHIWYPOH B a s k e d e
(~epxHHiia63a4, no CpaBIIeHHlo There is a n opinion that parties in free countries are use-
c rapm-rypofi Bodoni ( H H X H H ~ ~ ful checks upon the administration of the Government
i a63a.4). r a p ~ u ~ y pBaskerville,
a
and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within
3 ~ e r m a HnO T T ~ Y ~ I I N ~ UnoKa-
I,
certain limits is probably true, and in governments of a
3bIBaeT COAePXaHMe TeKCTa
I n p e w e Bcero, B TO BpeMx KaK
monarchical cast, patriotism may look with indulgence,
if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those
cmbao ~ H ~ O B ~ Hrapamy- H W
of the popular character, in governments purely elective,
pa Bodoni rrpmAeKaeT 6onbrue it is a spirit not to be encouraged.
~amarlm K ce6e
 Y H ~ ~ O P H ~LUPH+TOB
I X BepTPiKW&HbIe IIPOIIOpUPiPi T a K X e AOCTaTOSHO CAePXCaHHbI,
y HPiX C P ~ A H HPOCT
~ ~ CTpOSHbIX ~ Y K BPi BbIHOCHbIe 3AeMeHTbI H e 0 S e H b AAPiHHbIe Pi H e
a arpynne ( o ~ a
o g e H b K o p o m P i e . H c m m ~ e ~ Px iB eM ~e T c x r a p H m y p a Palatino, ~ o ~ e f i r u B
c o s ~ a B~ 1950a r.), y H e e p o c ~
CT~OSHLIX ~ Y K BB b I m e cpensero.

T p ~ a u u o ~ ~ cnoco6
b ~ f i CO3AaHUR T U I I O ~ ~ ~ + U S ~ C KBbIAeAeHPiR
O~O - PiCnOAb30BaHPie
nOAyXPipHbIX PiAH KypCUBHbIX I I I ~ P ~ + T o B . (AM CPaBHeHUR: p a 3 H b I e KerAPi O ~ ~ I Y HBOb I p a -
X a K W PiepapXHIO COAepXaHPifl, HaIIpPiMep, V A b I Kpj'IIHee 3iWOAOBKOB, KOTOPbIe B CBOIO
O S e p e A b KpylTHee OCHOBHOrO T ~ K C T ~ . ) flM BbIAeAeHHII BCe-TaKPi SaIIle PiCnOAb3yeTCII
Kj'pCPiB. n p P i ~ e ~ e ~ B~ IIOCAeAyIOIIlIiX
b 1 e p a 3 A e A a X peKOMeHAaUHPi H e CAeAyeT BOCIIpPi-
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MHTepBah M e q y I I p e A A O X e H m M A . Memay TeM, B np0-
npo6en CllpOeKTApOBaH
IIOpUHOHaAbHbIX I X ~ X C @ T ~ X
c yreToM paccroaHm M e q y npennoxeemm. ~ I M ~ H -
HO ~ O B T O Mn~~ o i i ~ onpo6en
ii B KoHse npeAnoxeHAa
CO3AaeT B T O K e ~ X V E T H ~ IIPOPeXEi
I~ (PUC. 6.1).

Regarding the disposition of the Hetherington contract, we

believe that our position must be clear. His attitude is
unacceptable. He acts naive, but he is wily. In no way must
we cave in to his definition of excess labor. Staff levels must
be maintained. Senior management must review the final
papers.

Regarding the disposition of the Hetherington contract, we

believe that our position must be clear. His attitude is
unacceptable. H e acts naive, but he is wily. In no way must
we cave in to his definition of excess labor, Stafflevels must be
maintained. Senior management must review the final papers.
122 Yacma I. Ocnooa~munozpa@u~u

Y nMLLIyWeG MarUMHKM eAMHCTBeHHbIM C ~ O C O ~ O 3Ma B e P I l I M T b CTPOKY II H a Y a T b HO-

BYH) R B m e T c x nepenon KapeTKa. TO BbIpaxeHHe n o - n p e x ~ e ~~yc n o n b s y e ~XOTR
c~,
HMKaKMe K a p e T K M yXe H e IIepeMeWaIoTCX, a B K 0 M n b K ) T e P H O M X a p r O H e OCTaAOCb
noHmMe return.
K o M I I ~ I O T ~ ~K
H O~ M
Xa H n a return H a CaMOM A e A e COCTOMT $53 ABYX KOMBHA: C O ~ C T B ~ H -
HO return ( ~ o a n p ~a ~a p e ~ N~line
~ ifeed
) (nepe~onCTPOKH). T e p ~ <u< ~ n e p e B o A CTPOKMN
n eHp )B b I X IIpMHTepOB, KOTOPLIe a y 6 n u p o ~ a n l ~r Y H K U E I EIIMIHyIUefi
OTHOCIITCR K A ~ ~ ~ C T B M I
MallIMHKH. 3 ~ K aO M a H A a 3 a C T a B A X A a MeXaHM3M I I P M H T e p a I I e p e M e W a T b G p a r y H a O n H y
CTPOKY B B e p X , IIpeAOCTaBARR MeCTO fiAX n e r a T M HOBOG CTPOKM. OH^ 110-IIpeXIZeMy Cy-
W e c m y e T B H ~ ~ O P H ~n Ip X
o r p a M i v a x (XOTR il CKPLITHO - TO OAHH ~3 H e n e s a T a e M b r x
CMMBOAOB K O A O B O ~T~ ~ ~ A H ASCII).
~ L I Haxa~~ e
KAaBHllIM <Return> (<Enter> H a PC)
B b I 3 b I B a e T I l e p e X O A H a HOBYH) CTPOK)', KOTOPBZ P a C n O A a r a e T C X H a POCCTORHMM, BKBMBa-
AeHTHoM y c T a H o B n e H H o M y unmefi+tunmq(!ine spacing, leading).
B C n e U U M 3 M p O B a H H b I X H ~ ~ O P H ~CMCTeMaX
I X CyuleCTBYeT HeCKOALKO KOMaHA OKOH-
YaHMR CTPOKII, N TOALKO A B e M3 HMX NCnOAb3YIOTCR B TeKCTOBbIX P e A a K T O p a X Ei n p 0 r p a M -
M a x BepCTKM.
nepsax, n p e A c T a B A f i e M a x u a s ~ l r u e i <Return>,
i RBnaeTca K O M ~ H A O K~oH~ u a a6saua.
A 0 6 4 ~ n1P M~3 H a K O M a6saqa RBAXeTCX O T C V H a n e p B 0 f i CTpOKe, 1103TOMY KOMPH-
na lconeg a63aga (end-paragraph) H e T O A ~ K Oa a ~ e p m a Tee~K y u y I o CTPOKY M (noche nepe-
B o n a CTPOKH) H a Y m a e T HOBYIO, HO T a K x e c o 3 n a e ~a 6 3 a u ~ ~ 1oiTic T y n o n p e n e n e H H o r o
pas~epa.
B ~ o p xas n~x e T c s n p o c T o K O M ~ H A OKoMya ~~ cnqolcu (end line), o H a s a ~ e p u a cyme- e~
CTB~IOW~IO c~po~ M yH a Y u H a e T H O B ~ I O ,HO 6e3 C O ~ A ~ H MI R I o B o r o a6aaua. ECAM nepeax
C T p O K a a6saua M M e e T O T C T p , TO K O M a H A a KOHUa CTpOKH CO3AaeT HOBYIO CTpOKY 6e3
oTcTyna, KaK n o ~ a 3 a ~ H ao purc. 6.2.
B HaCTOAbHLIX M3,L(aTeALCKMX CMCTeMaX, K O M a H A a KOHUa CTPOKEI Ha3MBaeTCH MR2-
K U nepecrodo~Kafiemlcu4 (soft return) M BLInOAHReTCR O ~ H O B P e M ~ H H L IH Ma X a T I i e M KAa-
BMLLIH <Return> H M O ~ ~ E I ~ M ~ KAaBHKIM, U ~ ~ I O0 6Lb 1~ ~ ~1 ~~(Shift).
0
 PBC. 6.2. C ~ B O A0 6~ 0I3, ~ a ~ a -
The network of hiking paths is extensive and very well IOIYHe KOM;tlIAbI KOHIla CTPOKH:
maintained, and it stretches from the Mediterranean to all 3aIIOAHeHHaX CTpeAKa - 003-
corners of "the Hexagon." 4 3 spam xapernm (retun),a q c r a x -
The birds of the Midi, in particular, may seem exotic to K o l r e u cmpo~u(soft return).

visitors from North America. The more commonly sighted KOM~H A ~ a63aya cosxae~
lcouga
O T C T ~B HaZiahe cneny~oweji
ones include: *.
npotcll, a KohxaH+aa?congacmpolcu
Magpie < 1
HawiHaeT cneny~o~uy~o C T ~ O K ~
Roller
6e3 06pa30na1m~IIoBoro a6saua
Blue-Cheeked Bee Eater",<-
Golden Oriole
Kestrel 4
Apart from the Magpie and Kestrel, these birds are
migratory, and only spend the summer months in the south.

M~zxuu'nepe~odh-apemxu (soft return) c o o T B e T c m y e T

K o M W e salx..iwzlamb cmpoxy do xonya o~eoo
(quad-left),
K o T o p p M o m 0 H* B Cn~IJEl~3MpOBaHHb~
I Xa 6 o p -
H ~ I XC n c r e M a x .
K B w p a ~ b I " (quad) B p F H O M ~ a 6 o p e- 3 T 0 np0-
6 e n b ~ b l e6 ~ 0 ~ x KOTOpbIe
3 , HCIIOAb3J'IOTCR AAH 3anOA-
H e H m Y C T b I X LlpOCTpFIHCTB B T e X CTpOKax, KOTOPbIe
T ~ K I06pa30~,
H e noxonm no K p a x nonocbr ~ a 6 o p a . ~M
K o M m a oa~x~wzlama
cmpoxy do xonya ~ ~ e (quad-left)
ao
IIpIlBOAUT K B ~ I K A W ~ KCTPOKII
~' I I 3anOAHeHIIH) OCTaB-
ruerocx n p o c T p a c T n a c n o M o w b m BHPTY~ALH~IXKBW-
PaTOB. TO II03BOhReT XeCTKO I I p H X a T h CTPOKY TeK-
cTa K rpamqe n e B o r o nom.
nono6abar 06pa30~K o M q a obluwllama cmpolcy
do h-Onya Enpa60 (quad-right)BbIKNOgafZT T e K p p 9 0 -
KY II XeCTKO I I P W X H M a e T T O K Y TeKCTa K r p a H I i l l e
npanoro nonx.
124 Yacma I. Ocuoaa~munozpa$u~u

PHC. 6.3. Bce KOMaHAbI, CBR-

3aHHbIe C n p 0 6 e ~ b H b l ~KBaA-
U
The traditional quadding commands give you a
p a T a M u , H a T m a m T H O B ~ I OCTPO-
number of line-ending options to choose from
KY 6 e 3 0 6 p a 3 o s a ~ ~EIOBOrO
x
a6aana. T ~ I-le
MMeHee, OHU CO-
without starting a new paragraph. The quad-left
3AaIoT P a 3 A U S H b I e BapUaHTbI command ends the current line and sets it flush-
BbIpaBHUBaHUrl CTpOKU, KOTO- left, like this line.
p p o m 3 a s e p u r m . EOA~UIAH-
CTBO I I P O r P a M M HaCTOAbIIbIX The quad-right command ends the line and sends
U3AaTeAbCKUX CUCTeM H e U M e - it flush-right, as shown here.
e T 3TAX KOMBHA, 3 T 0 3 H a S U T ,
T O AAX nOAy.IeHUR BapHaIiTOB Using the quad-center command breaks the line
I O~ K, ~ ~ ~ I I I H
B ~ I P ~ B H U B ~~ H E aJ X and centers it, which often creates a nice effect in
pliCyHKe, rpe6yel.c~IIOTpaTUTb justified text like this.
MHOrO B p e M e H U I? ~ C U U ~

The quad-middle command isn't very useful for

running text, but it's most useful in settings such
as menus:
Filet Mignon 825.95

K O M ~ Hyenmpupooama
A~ cmpolcy n p o ~ (quad-
~ ~ u
center) BLIKnIosaeT TeKyrrryIo CTPOKY H p a 3 ~ e m a ee e~
no seHTpy nonocLI ~ a 6 o p a( ~ e x n nonrrw
y CT~~HHWI).
H,HaKOHe4, KOMaHAa 6aLlcAlo'lamb C?7lpO?CyU3 tJeHm-
pa (quad middle) c o s ~ a npo6en
e~ B cepeAkiHe C T ~ O K H
(B TOM MecTe CTPOKH, K KOTOPOMY npHMeHeHa K O M ~ H -
&a)H pa3ABHraeT TeKCT A 0 rpaHHU IIOAOCLI ~ a 6 o p a( A 0
rpamu nonef) (PHC.6.3).
A 'IT0 KaCaeTCII ~ a 6 o p aB TeKCTOBbIX PeAaKTOPaX
H nporpaMMax BepcTKH (makeup programs), TO KoMaH-
AbI, CBR3aHHLIe C n p o 6 e ~ ~ ~ bKBaApaTaMH,
ulu B Hllx nOKa
He HCIIOAL3)WTCX. Y HeKOTOpLIX IIpOrpaMM HMeeTCR
BapHam KoMambI 6allcAm'lama cmpolcy u3 yenmpa (quad
middle), HO B UeAOM, ecAH BaM HyXHO UeHTpHpOBaTL
oTAenLHym CTPOKY HAH npkixaTL ee K OpyroMy ~ p m ,
H e X e A H O C T U ~ H O ~TeKCT, B a M IIpHAeTCR HCIIOAb30BaTb KOMafWy B O 3 B p a T a K a p e T K H ,
Y T O ~ OTAeAliTb
~ I HYXHYIO CTPOKY OT OKPYXalOLIleI'O TeKCTa, a 3 a T e M K BTHM CTpOKaM
I I p M e H I I T I . p a 3 H b I e KOMaHAbI BbIPaBHHBaHEIR (alignment).

~ H I U j W H eMaLLIHHKH OrPaHHYHBZlAH IIOAb3OBaTeAH ~ A M H C T B ~ H Hr O

a p~H~U T y p 0 % H eAHH-
cmeamm K e r n e M . Ha ~ a 6 o p ~ o - n ~ m mMe afr iu m w e IBM Selectric (c ~ ~ M ~ M ~ M ma-
L I M
POM IUPM~$T~) H ~ ~ O P L I I HyXe
K M O r MeHRTb fapHIITYpb1, HO BCe OHH ~ L I A M
TOALKO MOHO-
IIIHpHHHbIMU H TOAbKO C I Z a p 0 f i ~ e r ~ e-f ir a p H M T Y P b I Pica (10 3HaKOB KOTOPOG
I I O M e I U U H C b B OAHOM ~ l O f i ~ e - 10-pitch, YTO n P H M e P H O p a B H O K e r A I o 12) H Elite
(12 3HaKOB K O T O P O ~IIOMeLIIUHCb
~ B OAHOM ~ K l f i ~Te ,O n p I l M e p H O COCTaBNIeT K e r A L 10).
E e 3 BOBMOXHOCTII ~ b 1 6 0 p ar a p m r y p b I H K e r m H e K o T o p b I e m n o r p a + 1 1 Y e c ~ ~ enpa-
B m a c K a m H c b K M a m H H o n x c m I M . M~orkiea 3 HHX T a K x c e n e p e K o Y e B a n H B n e p B b I e
TeKCTOBbIe P e A a K T O p b I , KOTOpbIe 6 a 3 u p o ~ a n ~ H
c ab MOHOUIIlPHHHbIX ILIPH+TZX H 3 =TO-
MaTmecKm nocrnpo~~o-ne~amal~guxycrnpou'crno (line printers). H e ~ a ~ l p Ha sa p a 3 s ~ ~ ~ e
~ e X H 0 ~ 0 r HHf TeKCTOBbIX
i PeAaKTOpOB, 3m C T a p b I e MaIIIHHOnHCHbIe IIpHBbIYKH 6 e p e x ~ o
nepe~ecemrB CoBpeMeHHbIe ~ a 6 0 p ~ b 1n pe o r p a M M b 1 H m n o r p a + u ~ e c ~npaama.
~e

~ O C K O A ~ KHYa n H m M X MaLUHHKaX HeAb3R MeHIiTb IUPIICPT~I, TO n p H neYaTEi npa6era-

AH K UMEITaUHM T H I I O ~ P ~ + N Y ~ C K ACX~ O C O ~ OBLWeAeHHIi
B H IIOACBeTKH. B IIpaBUJiaX
~a6opoanponucMbliuu
b ~ i i o~o6pamae~crr
M a r r r H H o n u c H n o ~ y x ~ l p ~LIIPEI+T (all caps) ma
(underscore).HHTO,
noJ~eph-usanue~ e H C ~ O A ~ ~ ~B ~n o
HH A p y r o e O ~ ~ I Y HHO T~C ~Rr p a + x -
YeCKOM ~ a 6 o p e ,MCKAIOYU n p H M e H e H H e IIpOnMCHbIX ~ Y K BAAR ~ a 6 o p a3arOAOBKOB
(puc. 6.4).
L7oJuepxuoaxue H a I I H I U ~ e f MaLLlHHKe
i BbIIIOAHHe?.CR BO3BPaTOM K a p e T K H H a 3 a A PI
I I ~ O ~ H B ~ H 3HH~a KMa IIoAYepKIisaHEIR (-) nOA T e M Xe + p a m e H T ' 0 ~ TeKCTa. S H ~IIOA- K
YepKHBaHEIR c ~ G Y ~RBNIeTCXc YaCTbKI 6 a 3 o ~ o fTi P ~ A E I U ASCIIi
~I H H a K A a B H a T y p e KOM-
n b l O T e p a HMeeTCR K A a B H m a , KOTOpaR n e Y a T a e T 3HaK IIOAYepKHBaHHR I I p H H ~ X ~ T O KAa-
%
BHlUe <ShifD. K o ~ w ? aZ O & ~ ? P K U ~ ~ H U A B TeKCTOBLIX PeAaKTOpaX H I I p O r p a M M a X BepCTKH
HCnOAb3YeT TOT Xe 3HaK, Y KOTOPOrO H e T HCKOHHO T H ~ o I ' P ~ ~ ~ H Y ~ c K
3 KoB~HoB U e H T a .
 THE ISSUE
Investors are seeing our situation as a
problem rather than as an o~wortunitv.
As The Wall Street Journal pointed ouc
just last week, our industry is doing
well even if we aren't. Our job is to
transfer the gloss of the industrv, with
its good reputation, to pur own comuanv.

The Issue
Investors are seeing our situation as a problem rather than as
an opportuniq As The Wa//StreetJour~fpointed out just last
week, our industry is doing well even if we aren't. Our job is
to transfer the gloss of the indwny, with irs good reputation,
to our own company.

Ero II03HUHR OTHOCIlTeALHO AHHHA LUPU+TB onpenenx-

e T c s B K y T p a u r p ~ + ~ o ~ o+aGna,
ro u TO nonomeaue
M O X e T OTAH'laTLCR OT T 0 f i IIO3HUIIH, B KOTOPOG 3HaK
IIOA9epKHBaHHR IIeYaTaeTCR OTAeALHO.
H a n p o ~ P i B ,H ~ ~ O ~ H L I ~
CHCTeMbI nonsepKuBa-
HHR HCIIOAL3YIOT 9TO-TO B P O A e KOMaHfiLI do6acmma
~uxeu'xy(rule-fill), K o T o p a R p H c y e T AHHHK) o n p e n e n e H -
HOG TOAUIIiHLI H H a O I I p e n e A e H H O M PaCCTORHHH OT AH-
HHA I I l p F i + ~ a . 3 ~ IIOASePKHBaHHR
a ~ ~ a 6 . 4 ASCII
~ ~ ~ 1
O ~ ~ I ' I HT
OR X e A O B a T ~ ~ H H Ou eGA A A ChIlmKOM 6 ~ ~ 3 -
nepe9epKIiBatI mm-
KO p a c n o A o m e H K AHHHH LUPEI+T~,
H A e BLIHOCHbIe 3 A e M e H T L I ~ Y K B .T ~ i n o r p a + I i q e c ~ ~
6onee I I p O n B H H F L I e n p O r p a M M L 1 OIIyCKaIoT 3HaK IIOA-
YePKEiBaHHR H H X e BLIHOCHLIX 3AeMeHTOB, HO Ii 3TO He-
j ' T e I I l A T e A b ~ b 1 f i B a p H a H T , nO3TOMY T ~ K O G3 H a K AYILIC:
H e HCIIOAL30BaTL BOBCe.
 B MaIIINHOnNCH nodueplcuoa~ueB C e r A a IIpMMeHRAOCb A M yKa3aHMX + ~ ~ ~ M ~ H TeK-
T O B
CTa, KOTOpbIe C A e A y e T ~ a 6 M p a K
~ pbC U B O M ( c A J TIXepe'INCAeHbI
~H 6 ?A. 5).
Ewe OAMH I I e p e X M T O K MaIlIUHOIIHCHOrO sac-
C T U X COXpaHMACX N CTU IIOCTOXHHO~~
T~IO
06b1'1~0ii e c ~ o j i BHBKM n a d v e p ~ u o a u u(overstrike),
~ ~ l n o r p a + ~ ~ ~npaKTMKN: ~ nepevep-
lcusanu~(strike-through) HAM aa~zleplcusa~u~ (strike-out). B n o c n e n H e M cnyqae O ~ ~ I ' I H O
HaHOCMTCR AUHMX (B MCXOAHOM B a p M a K T e C e p H X A ~ + H C O B ) IIO +paI'MeHTj' TeKCTa, 'IT06b1
n O K a 3 a T b , ' I T 0 3TOT M a T e p N U A O A X e H 6bwb Y A a h e H B 6 y ~ p M3AaHHM
e ~ pyK0nUCEi
T a ~ o iBi a p H a H T 'IaCTO BCTpe'IaeTCX B IOpNAM'IeCKHX TeKCTaX, H a n p H M e p , B KOHTPaKTaX.

y n N I L I p e G MaIlIMHKN KAaBMUIa M O X e T 0 6 e c n e ~ ~TOAbKO

~ b A B a 3 H a K a : OAMH 6e3 l c A U 6 U -
ulu oepx~ezopezucmpa(Unshift), ~ p y r o Gc x,raauueu' oepxnezopezucmpa (Shift).Y nomrpa-
+HY~CKO~~
Oa6opa
3Ha'INTeAbHO 6 o n b m e e KOAM'IeCTBO SHBKOB, M n O A b 3 0 B a T e A U MaILIM-
HOK A O A X H b I MMMTIlPOBaTb ( ~ ~ ~ O A A ~ A ~ I BM
~ HTOLr U
De) U 3 HUX N 3 - 3 a O r P a H U Y e H H b I X
B O ~ M O X H O C3THX
T ~ GYCTPOGCTB.
~ M ~ o w M3
e TaKMX no&qeAoK (fakeries) CHOBa IIOXBAR-
IOTCII B TeKCTaX, C03AaHHbIX C nOMOIUbIO K O M n b I O T e p a , XOTX yXe H e T HMKaKOrO CMbICAa
CAeAOBaTb BTOG I I p N B b I S K e .

Ha n x r u p e i i M a r u m m e - T O A ~ K Oo n H a Y e p T o Y K a (dash):.qer@ic!' (hyphen). A c T a m a p -
T H 0 G ~ ~ l r r o r p a + M V e c ~ oY
f i ~ ~ T OX'BIMK
e TO
CX~
AAHHHOe ~ U p e " (em dash), KOTOpOe no
ILINPMHe COOTBeTCTBYeT 1 K ~ ~ ~ A ~(em)
H oMGHeCKOAbKO TOHbILIe, Y e M ,L(e+Mc. M a r u ~ ~ o -
n U C b MMMTEipyeT A M H H O e T M p e C IIOMOUbIO YnBOeHHOrO ~ e + U c a .
Kopomoe TNpe (en dash), IIOAOBMHa OT A A l w H O r O T H p e , KOTOpOe MCIIOAb3yeTCX
B KaYeCTBe C O ~ ~ H H H T ~ A ~ H
' I eOp T
? b~I B TaKMX BbIpa)fCeHHXX, K a K a 1 9 7 9 - 8 3 > > , 3 a M e H e H O
6 b ~ IIpOCTO
0 A ~ + U C O M . ,&+Mc T a K X e 'IaCTO IIpUMeHSeTCR BMeCTO 3 H a K a MUHYC (-),
K O T O P ~ I n~o~- n p e X H e M y H e BXOAMT B C T ~ H A ~ ~ T H ~ I X ? K O M n A e K T I I I ~ U ~ T O B O +~aOf A a
EI H a x o a m c B o e M e m o TOALKO B cnewiahbwx ILIPU+TOB~IX +Gnax (pi fonts),H a n p m e p ,
Symbol. B m o r p a + m e c ~ o~~a 6 o p ee i J m m e H H b I M n o B o n o M n p m e a a b ne+xc RBAX-
e T c x n e p e H o c CAOB (PHC. 6.5) M c n o m H b I e cnosa, H a n p m e p , <<strike-oub(aaseprursa~~).
3 ~ ne+aca a ~ M o m e T a B T o M a m r e c m i ~ 0 6 a s n m b c+~y ~ ~ u ~ rn ee pGe H o c o B B n p o r p a M M a x
PMC. 6.5. Hapan-anne s e p T o -
qeK. B nOpRAKe UX nORBAeHUR: This hard-hitting action film--the first by
ne+nc o6aenu~sie~cnosa n p a -
AeAReT YaCTU CAOB JAR n e p e H 0 - director Carlos Young--looks at the eastern
Ca B KOHqe CTPOKU; AAUHHOe
front during the war of 1914- 18, with winter
TUpe pa3AeAReT nono6ao ~ ~ 0 6 -
KaM UAU TOYKaM C ~ E U I X T O ~ ; action scenes filmed at temperatures of -10".
KOpOTKOe T U p e COeAUHRfX AUa-
n a 3 0 H AaT. &AX n0AHOTbl Itap-
THH~n I p e U c T a m e n H ~ C T O X W U ~ ~ BePCTKR, T a K 0 f i A ~ + H C nOAy'IHA H a 3 B a H U e i u ~ 2 K 0 2 0 "
3HaK MUIiyCa
deijuca (soft hyphen), OH H e 0 ~ 0 6 p a X a e T ~BXcnoee, ecnw
OHO H e nonaffae-r B KoHeu c ~ p o ~Au .ne+wc, ~ o ~ o p b ~ i i
BbI BBOARTe C KAaBUaTYPbI, Ha3bIBaeTCX COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO 3 1 ~ e c r n ~ ude&c
C (hard hyphen), ~ a ~ o~ (i ei+ u c ZBAX-
eTCZ H ~ M ~ M ~ H XYaCTbIO
~ M O TeKCTOBOrO
~ ~ IIOTOKB.

&.uToro w06b1 c o K p a m YXCAO m a B u u H a nwuyueii

MZiKlHHKe, TpaffUlJUOHHbIe lTOMfrpaC&'Ie~K~le O'lXpbDa-
m u n e n s a ~ p b ~ s a r o ~K~~pBi eL I Y K U("~ ~" w ' ') 3 a ~ e m n r i
H a APXMbIe B e p T H K a h b H b I e (N Ei "), TOG Xe IIpHYHHe
HeXBaTKU M e C T a (H MIlMIlKpkM n o & KAaBRaTj'py IIUIIIy-
meii M KC~H)O B H ~ .~~ ~ & K O F ( O B~~ a
~ ~ E I HO R6 n ~ ASCII
ua
C O A e p X I l T KklBbIYKEI, K a K Y ~ I L ~ L L I Y I MBLLIUHKU,
U~~ a He
I I o A U ~ P ~ ~ ~ R YK
~ ~C BK~I I~Y~K u - < < A ~ ~ KOTOPbIe
K E ~ ~ ) ~ ~R ,H O P
A a H a 3 b J B m T U3OZHymbLUU K U B b l U K W UCUT^)' quotes).
Twnorpa+c~we K ~ L B ~ I Y KEIMeIOTCX R~~ B AIO~OM
III~H+TOBOM +aihe (B pacruwpe~~ofi Y a c T n ~a6nwqb1
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r ~ a s 8.

H a n ~ w i eI M O T H b X H pa3peXeHHbIX T O K c03aa-
By a Faction, I understand a num-
eT n p o 6 n e ~ y<<weTa*Ha ~e6onbmnxy=racrKax TeK- ber if citizens, whether amounting to
cra, HO nono6~b1enpo6ne~b1o c o 6 e ~ ~3 oa ~ e m b 1Ha a majority or minority of the whole,
who arc unitcd and actuated by some
crpamrue, Korna o n m a63a4 XameTcx TeMHee a3-3a common impulse of passion, or of
MeHbIIIHX npo6eno~,seM OKpyXaIoWHe a6aaub1, HAM interest, adversc to the rights of other
citizens, or to the permanent and ag-
~ a o 6 o p o( p~~ c 8.1).
. gregate interests of the community.
There are two methods of curing
T a o e p a s n m ~ eccuBe?.aBHe 0 6 ~ 3 a ~ e h BAHXeT
b~0 the mischiefs of faction: the one, by
Ha y , ~ ( 0 6 0 s m a e ~ o cXOTII,
~ b , KOHesHO, He MOXeT He removing its causes; the other, by con-
trolling ics effects.
mAeKam. Korna Ha cTpaHHue BcTperaeTcx ~ a ~ o i Thm ~ I C again two methods of re-
moving the cauw of Faction: the one, by
a6sau, OH B O A ~ ~ ~ - H nPHTIIrHBaeT
~ B O A ~ BHIIMaHne.
~ d m y i n g the liberty which is essential
A ~TOI-o 6 b m He A O ~ POa ~. h ~ l ' I<<meram
~le mpn+~a m its adstenae;the other, by giving to ev-
ery ddzen the same opinions, the same
co34ae~BnesaTAeHMe HenocraTosHoro KoHTponx Ka- passions, and the same interem.
secma, Twamx AH onbma. T e ~ m ~b1r-n~ ~ e 6 p e x - It could never be more truly said
than of the first remedy, that it was
HO n Hepxmumo. worse than the disease. Liberty is to
faction what air is to fire, an aliment
P H C ~ H OUIpki+~a
K TaKXe BHOCHT CBOEBKAaA wirhout which it instantly expires. But
B <<wrn, crp-~, n o m q m&epy H ~ a 6 o p q it could nor be lcss folly to abolish lib-
erty, which is essential to political life,
(sepcxurmm$) cneaye-r m -man. H e ~ o ~ o p b ~ e because it nourishes faction, than it
rupn(PTb1, K ~ Kn o ~ a 3 a ~Hao pHc. 8.2, 6onee cBeTnbxe would be to wish the annihilation of
air, which is essenrial to animal life,
H MOT ~a6npa~bcri m m e e . B TO x e s p e w npymie because it imparts to fire its destruc-
tive agcncy.
rupn*~ 6 0 ~ e Tmex.Ie
e n TeMHbIe, m mix ~e06xom-
MO a60fime BOW~V,',d b 1 OHM He BbIThqqeAPi m C H y -
~ b mH,IIX <<wrn> He O K ~ ~ ~ AqCeXp e q p ~ H C ~ B H ~ IPMC. M . 8.1. T p e ~ ~a63au ii s a ~ e ~ -
HO T e M H e e , Y e M O C T a b H b I e a6-
3 a u b I . Y M ~ H ~ I I I ~ H nI p~ oL 6I e~~ b r
Plainly the central idea of seces- Plainly the central idea of seces-
sion is the essence of anarchy. A sion is the essence of anarchy. A A ~ ~ ~ C T B H T ~ A LAHe A
Oa l o T er0 Ha-
majority held in restraint by majority held in restraint by consti- c L x q e r l e e e , IIOBTOMY y H e r o He-
constitutional checks and limi- tutional checks and limitations,
tations, and always changing and always changing easily with CKOALKO OTAHYHLIG <U.XBeT*
easily with deliberate changes of deliberate changes of popular opin-
popular opinions and senti- ions and sentiments, is the only
ments, is the on1 true sover- true sovereign of a free people. PMC. 8.2. E O A L ~BO
K A~
a A~ B
eign of a free peopL. nl.l.Bm> lupli+~aBHOCUT PNCYHOK
Plainly the central idea of seces- Plainly the central idea of secession lupa+ra. LIIPN+T~Ic BLICOKNM
sion is the essence of anarchy. A is the essence of anarchy. A majori- p m c r p~o w b a 6 y UAU
~ m~rc-
majority held in restraint by ty held in restraint by constitution-
constitutional checks and limita- al checks and limitations, and al- CWIYAISiO MaCCUBHbIMII LurpUXaMEl
tiom, and always changing easi- ways changing easily with deliberate 6ynyr BLITW~TL 6o~eeTemmm.
ly with deliberate changes of changa of popular opinions and
popular o inions and senti- sentiments, is the only m e sover- Bce 4 npwepa I r a pacyme ~ a 6 p a -
ments, is g e onl true sover- eign of a &ee pcoplc. HbI OAUHaXOBLA4 K e r A e M N C OdR-
eign of a free peopL.
HaKOBLlM N I f R P A U H ~ e M
756 Yacma I. Oc~osalrnunozpagSuxu

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H
rJaX KHHXHOrO + O P M ~ T ~ AAII
, KOTOPOI'O 6 o ~ e eIIpHBbISHbI LLIpH+Tb1 C HOPMaAbHbIMEi
nponopuEisIMa.
H e p o ~ ~ b <<UBeTn
~ f i IIIPII+T~H e B c e r A a p e 3 y A b T a T pa6o~b1H ~ ~ O ~ W H
OHK M~O, X e T
IIOAyYEiTbCfi Ei H a IIOCAeAYIOLIJMX 3 T a I I a X nPOH3BOACTBeHHOrO UEiKAa. T e x ~ k i ~ e c ~Hu f i
X ~ A O X ~ C T B ~ H peAaKTOpb1,
H~I~~ KOppeKTOPbI M O r p B I I o c A ~ A H E MOMeHT
~~~ BHeCTH CBOEi
IIOnpaBKH, a 3HaSUT, li3MeHUTb KOAUYeCTBO CAOB B a63aue. & A X TOI'O Y T O ~H
~ eI M e H m
a 6~3 aI u~, ~a 3 T 0 BeAeT
BCH) BePCTKY, AOIIOAHHTeAbHbIe CAOBa BTEiCKEIBaK)T B O T A ~ A ~ H
K 3HaYEiTeAbHOMY YMeHbIIIeHHH) n p o 6 e ~ oY~ .H T ~ TXe,
~ A3 ~a M e S a X , T O a6sau HAIl pas-
A e A BbIaeMeTCfX CpeAH OCTahbHbIX, KaK n p a B H A 0 , BEiHUT B 3TOM H ~ ~ O P I U H K ~ .
H e ~ y X ~ b 1 <f <i U B ~ T O B O ~KOHTpaCT
~* M O X e T B 0 3 H H K H F b M e X A y HeCOpa3MepHbIMEi
TeKCTOBbIMH 3AeMeHTaMM H a CTpaHEiJJe, H a n p M M e p y pa3peXCe~~ofi
UUTaTbI B O K p y X e -
HUH IIAOTHOI'O TeKCTa, HAH M e X A y nAOTH0 H ~ ~ P ~ H H3arOAOBKOM
~ I M Ei 6 o ~ e pea 3 p e X e H -
HbIM OCHOBHbIM TeKCTOM. T ~ KI I H
e p e I~
IaAbI B BrJBeTeB L L I p l i + ~ a T a K X e B b I m m X T HeAO-
fHYHO Ei H ~ P I I I I I A H B O ~ .

~ A O T H ~BepCTKa
R (C O s e H b YBKHMH ~ I I P O I I I ~ M NM~e)I I I a e T YeAOBeKy paClIO3HaBaTb CAO-
Ba. ~ E ~ T ~ TAOAXHbI
~ A H YABaEiBaTb YCIiAUfi, 9 ~ 0 6 b y1 r a A a T b CAOBO HAH + p a 3 ~ , W O 3aMe.4-
AReT IIpOUeCC YTeHHR H BbI3bIBaeT p a 3 A p a X e H B e .
C O Y ~ T ~~ YHKHBm~ CAUBaeTCfi Ii B b I r M a E i T KaK m, COYeTaHHe ~1B b I r M g U T K a K d,
COYeTaHHe VV BbII'ARAUT K a K W , W O YaCTO C ~ H B C~ TOAKY
~ T Boo6rrre, B IlAOT-
WiTa~e~efi.
H O MIIpWBbIYHbIe I I O C A e A O B a T A b H O C T ~ Y K B KOTOPbIe
HO H ~ ~ ~ ~ HTeKCTe , O ~ L I S H O AWKO
BOCllPHHHMaK)TCfi, CTaHOBRTCH H e y 3 H W a e M b I M H , H SEiTaTeAb B b I H y X A e H BO3BpaWaTbCR
~FB
H a 3 a A Ei p a 3 6 a p a ~ b 38 ~Y
Y K B O KBK
~ ~ , H a HHOCTpaHHOM fi3bIKe (PUC. 8.3).
O ~ ,HYXHO ~ O M H ~ nonyanpom~!'
~ A ~ B H STO , -
(side bearings), TO ecTb npo6enb1
no ~ O K ~OTM ~ Y K B ~ TI a, K X e 5iBMH)TCH ee saCTbK), K a K OCHOBHbIe II COeAHHHTeAbHbIe
UITPUXH. ~ O ~ T O M ~ BbI A a X e He3Ha'IIITeAbHO H3MeHReTe M ~ X ~ Y K B ~ H nHpMo 6~ e ~ b 1
KOrAa
HO B TO
TO IIPH 3TOM H3MeHReTCX PHCj'HOK LUPII+TB.
(~UI~OLLW),
kI XOTR TO n p H B b I w m s
Xe
npouenypa npn ~ a 6 o p Tee K m a ,
BpeMfl U 0 9 e H b pHCKOBaHHa.X, ~pe6ymuax
carnal cloth
MaKCElMithbHOrO BHIUI2UiHR U OCMOTPUTeAbHOCTII.
Y r p o T e c x o B (sans serif faces) CAHIIIKOM I I A O T H ~ I ~ ~
~ a 6 o pCOCTaBAReT O C O ~ Y H ,n p o 6 n e ~ yS. a c e s ~CKOAb
~,
PuC. 8.3. n A 0 ~ 1 l b I f i~ a6op
6 b 1 OHPi HN 6 b 1 ~ P iM U b I , n O M O r a m T YIIOPRAOYEITb M a c - C 0 9 e I I b He3HaSNTeAbHbIMII np0-
CUB BHBKOB, KOTOpbIe +OPMUPYIOT c ] ? p a r ~ e H T TeKCTa. 6 e h a ~3 a C~T a B A R e T H3BeCTHbIe
OHHIIOBBOAXIOT B3OpY O T M e q a T b 6 o ~ e eYeTKO, rfie ~ Y K B B~ bII r A X A e T b AByCMbICAeH-

3aKaH9UBaIOTCR IUTpUX U A H ~ Y K Ei
B~ HaYHHafOTCR APY- HO. AASI0 6 b 1 9 H h 1 ~K e r h e f i H IIpH
0 6 b 1 Y H 0 f i CKOPOCTU YTeHHR CO-
r0fX IUTpHX UAH 6 y ~ ~] a\ I.? u I ~ B I u3THX
~c~ MaAeHbKHX
Y e T a H U a ~ Y K B , K a K B LtaHHOM
C H r H U O B , TeKCT, H a 6 p a H ~ b 1 f iT O T e C K O M , M O X e T Ka-
cAy.Iae, r p y n ~ o
pa306pa~b,YTO
3aTbCR YaCTOKOAOM OAUHaKOBbIX BePTElKahbHbIX T H - ~ p e 6 y eOT~ Y H T a T e A R YABOeH-
XOB, O C O ~ ~ H H 3OT 0 3 a M e T H O I I p H nAOTHOM ~a6ope HbIX y c H ~ P I f i
(PUC. 8.4). ECAUT O T e C K O M ~ a 6 ~ p AAHHHbIe
a ~ b TeK-
CTbI, TO U M e e T CMbICA C 0 3 A a B a T b 6 o ~ e epa3peme~~b1ji
~ a 6 o p9, e M o 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 ,T. K. TO n a e Trnaay 6 o ~ b r u m
e aH-
COB n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~3TH
b MaCCUBbI 'IaCTbIX ILITPHXOB
B o 6 p a a b 1 , KOTOpbIe M b l BOCnPHHHMaeM K a K CAOBB.
B UeAOM, ~ a 6 o prP0TeCKHbIMH LUPU+T~MH A O A X e H
6b1-1-b 6 o ~ e pea 3 p e X e H H b I M , 9 e M aHTHKBeHHbIMU.

I
The company's focus is on concurrentdesign engineering, and our
hand-pickeddesign team works with our clients to design
automatedassembly machinesand integratedsystems for
. fully
.

manufacturingdevices in three key markets: sensors, conductors, and

actuators; mobile and cellular telephone components; and pressure
sensors and relays.

The company's focus is on c o n m n t design engineering, and our

hand-pickeddesign team works with our clients to design fully
automatedassemblymachines and integrated systems for
rr~anufacturingdevices in three key markets:sensors, conductors, and
actuators;mobile and cellular telephonecomponents;and pressure
sensors and relays.
I

P u C . 8.5. ~ A O T H ~~ aI 6~ o~ p
IJ.IpU+Ta XBAHeTCH HOPMOG B
peume, HO d a x e T ~ M HeT OCO- PaTb, 3T0 OTHIOAb He 03HaYaeT, YTO OH He YPOAAAB
60G HyXCAbI Ha6EipaTb TaK CXa-
TO, KaK B BaHHOM CAFae. Ha-
60p Y3KHM LUPII+TOM C Y p b -
' ~ y ~~ ObA ~ L U N M npo6eha~n
U
coa~an6b1 6onee 6naronpum-
Hoe BIIe'IaTAeHUe
&IBHO BOIIIAO B MOAY aKLZAAeHTHbIe UIpAf$~bl
(display type) ~ a 6 A p a ~OYeHb
b IIAOTHO, o c o 6 e ~ ~ o
3T0
xapamepHo AM peuam.1. IIOCKOA~KY Tame pam me^-
T ~ OI ~ ~ I Y H0YeHb
O KOPOTKA, TO 3a6o~a 06 y ~ o 6 o ~ m a e -
MOCTA orpaHusmaeTcsi TOALKO ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ Y A B O C T ~
kI XOTR IIpA TaKOM CXaTElH TeKCT M O X H O KBK-TO pa306-
(PAC. 8.5). K ~ MbI K YBEfAMM B pa3AeAe, IIOCBXIUeHHOM
TpeKEiHIY A KepHHHrY (CA. 2.4. 7 I), AAR aKUMAeHTHOr0
u p ~ l f $ Y~ a~ K ~
M a~6 0 pnPH
, KOTOPOM COCeAHHe 6j'~Bbl
coeamxmca, He TaK ym nnox. Ho Korna cmame ~ p e 3 -
MepHO, T O TaKOe CTOAnOTBOpeHAe KaXeTCR O I I I A ~ K O ~ ~ .

P a s p e m e ~ ~ asepcma
x (c oYeHb ~ ~ I U P O K E ~ MaMn p o r n a ~ ~ )
mroraa BcqeraeTcx B mypaanax. 3To He osem ynaq-
~ b ~npaehl,
j i HO u s ~ a ~ e m n a6 m ero, nocKoAbKy OH Tpe-
6 y e MeHbIJle
~ P P H O ~ pa60~k.1 A N i YCTpaHeHWR n p o 6 ~ e ~ ,
BbI3BaHHbIX Y3KAMA KOAOHKaMU ~ a 6 o p a(PAC. 8.6).
CTpa~erm3 ~ 0 r onpueiva ocHosbIsaeTcrr Ha TOM,
YTO r ~ a 3 AerYe p a s n ~ r a epa3~y10
~ CTeneHb cmams
B nnoTHoM ~ a 6 o p e A ropa3~0 xyme - B p a 3 p e m e ~ ~ o ~ .

From the organic gardener's perspective,

the world is awash with artificial fertiliz-
PBC. 8.6. B AaHHOM TeKffeHe- ers that have become to farming what an-
C K O A ~ K OoYeHb pa3pexe~~b1x tibiotics have become to medicine: a virtual
CTPOK, HO OHU H e CAHIUKOM 3a- sine qua non. In truth, they argue, agricul-
MeTHbI, IIOTOMY 'IT0 H BeCb Ha- t u r a l yields w h e n using totally organic
60p B uenoM p a 3 p e ~ e ~TO . methods are indistinguishable from those
~ + ~ ~ K T M BnpUeMH ~ I ~MBCKH-
~ t h a t rely o n "chemical farming" techni-
POBKH, HO B IIPo+~ccuoH&~~- ques. In some cases, the organic approach
HOG BepCTKe He npUHm0 npff- comes o u t well ahead i n terms of yield
TaTb 6 o ~ e eYPOAAUBOe CpeAU per acre.
IIPOCTO flOAAHBOI'0
 r ~ a s 8.
a Ymo a e ~ a e mxopoluuu' na6op deu'cmsumuano xopoluu, a u o x o l - u o x u 759

J p y r u ~ aC n o B a M u , npu p a 3 p e r n e ~ ~na6ope o~ herue n o c T n u b o n H o p o n n o r o CaweTa,,

X I p a + ~ a , B e n b H a p a 3 p e X e H H O M OH^ 6onee pa3peXCeHHbIii H e CAULUKOM BbIneAXeTCR.
T~KCT, ~ a 6 p i U X ~ b 1TaK,
ii BbIrAXnEiT H e CaMbIM AYYILIUM 06pa30~, HO 0 6 n a ~ a AOCTa-
e~
T O Y H O nAJ3
~ npaKTElYeCKUX Lle~eGOnHOpOnHOcTbIo, TaKUM 06paso~, n p o 6 n e ~ b 1BepCT-
XEf CKPbIBWTCII ~OlIOAHUTeAbHbIMUnpo6ena~u. HOB M e c T e C T e M p a 3 p e X C e ~ ~ b l~i ia 6 o p
- TpeIIXTCTByeT p a 3 M e U e H U I O 6 o n b r u o r o TeKCTa, nOTOMy YTO ~ p e 6 y H e e~TOAbKO 6 0 ~ b m e

t
g
ZpOcTpaHCTBa, TO T a K X e H YBeAIlYeHHOrO UHTepAUHbIIXa, a 3TO YnAHHSeT rpe6ye~y1o
;IOAOCY ~ a 6 o p a .

g c I I e ~ U a h ~ 3 ~ p 0 ~ a . H~ ~a b6 I oe p ~ b 1I Iep O r p a M M b I MOIYT Y n p a B A X T b n p 0 6 e n a ~M~e X A y

F CnOBaMFi EI ~ ~ K B ~IIOCTpOYHO.
M H B 24. 70 nonpo6~o0 6 c y m ~ a e ~npouecc
cs ~OCT~OYHO&
BePCTICU, a 3AeCb fiOCTaTOYH0 CKa3aTb, VTO 3TUMU ABYMII I I a p a M e T P a M E i MOXCHO r U 6 ~ o
ynpaanm.
EcAU a n p O I U a M A a T b BOSMOXHOCTb nPOM3BOAbHO YBeAUYUBaTbCS HAEI y M e H b l l l a T b -
CS, TO CJ'UIeCTBYeT PUCK YMeHbIIIeHUX pa360p=za~ocm, T a K K a K y X y A u l a e T C R BOCIIpMXTUe
CAOB a y-rpawBaeTcs nerKocTb w e H a s . B ~ p a j i cnyqae,
~ e ~ mupuaa anpoma M o m e T

CAOBaMU U T a K H e CAUIIIKOM UIBPOKU.

k3 H ~ O ~ O ~ Oecna
T , B ~ xecmo
I orpaaasme H ~ M ~ H ~anpomeii,
H U ~ TO ~ a 6 o p ~ nap so -
r p a M M a CTaHeT 3aIIOAHSfl'b CTPOKII, U3MeHXX npo6enb1MeXCAy CAOBaMU, KOTOpbIe M O r p
CTaHOBEITbCII YPe3MePHbIMU H CO3AaBaTb aAbIpbI>>B CTPOKaX. B O ~ H N KBIIeYaTAeHHe,
~~T
YTO ~ Y K B B~ CAOBaX
I H a 6 p a ~ b 1V e p e c q y p m O T H O ( p a c 8.7). TO B e s H a X n p o 6 n e ~ Ba c e x
Y3KEIX r a 3 e T H b I X KOAOHOK.
E O P U ~38I qUCTOTY X a H p a M O r p B 0 3 p a 3 U T b , YTO B P p H O M ~ a 6 0 p eMOXHO AOCTUqb
I l p e K p a C H O r O p e 3 y J ~ b T a T a ,H e EI3MeHBX a I I p 0 I I I e f . 3 a ~ oMOAepHMCTbI y T B e p X A a I o T , YTO
eCAU 6b1 npMBepXCeHUb1 CTapbIX npkfeMOB IIOAyYHAIi BO3MOXHOCTb U3MeHXTb n p o 6 e n b 1
M e m n y ~ ~ K B ~ MOHM
U , 6b1 cpa3y em BOCnOAb30BaAaCb. k I ~ e a A 0~ ~a 6 o p aB c e r A a 6 b 1 ~
xoporuuji a u a e T > > ,a ynpameaae 6 a ~ a ~ npo6eno~
c o ~ M e x n y c n o B a M a a ~ ~ K B ~snna- M U
eTCR W S O M K er0 aOCTIIXeHIlIo.
PnC. 8.7. B AeBOM C T O A ~ U ~
TeKCT CBepCTaH c ~ R K C E I ~ O B ~ H - he results of the first round of The results of the first round of
HbIMa anporrraMu.g pe3ynbTaTe the elections shook the public the elections shook the public
rigid, as it seemed impossible rigid, as it seemed impossible
BO MHOrRX CTpOKaX C U h b H o y B e - that a candidate from the far that a candidate from the far
AHPnAHCb MemCAOBHbIe npo6e- right wing-who indeed had right wing-who indeed had been
been a Nazi Party member dur- a Nazi Party member during his
AbI. B npaaoii KOAOHKe npo6e- ing his youth-usted the cen- youth-ousted the center-left
, , a 1 ~ e m ~ y 6tc~-1eficandidate.Theoutcry
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ candidate.
~ ~ The ~ outcry
~ from ~ the
ffom the general public was general public was considerable
YMeHbLIIaTbCR UAR YBeAkI'IEIBaTb- considerable but also considera- but also considerably too late.
cs 1Ia 5')/0, Pe3YAbTaTe npo6e- bly too late. The ~ n - to ~ the
p The run-up to the election had
election had been se- been sedate-almost somno-
6 ob ~ e ep o B ~ b ~ e ,
AbI ~ O A ~ R A R C date-almost somnolent-and lent--and people learned too late
EI ne 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a h O ~Pepec'Iyp
b people learned too late that the that the ununaginable only seems
unimaginable only seems that that way when pcople fail to use
p a 3 p e X e H H b l X CTPOK way when people fail to use their imaginations.
their imaginations.

K ~ MLI
K ~ B U A H MB M. 9, K e r & ~ u p a + ~ aru.upr?aa
, no-
AOCLI 11 EIHTePAIIHLRX B3a11M03aBHCHMLI. k I 3 ~ e H e ~ H e
OAHOrO 113 HHX ~ p e 6 y H3MeHeHHII
e~ H OCTUbHbIX.
O6brwoG 0 m 6 ~ 0 i~iI i 3 $ H e p a EIBMeTCSI YCTaHOB-
K a r r o n o c b r ~ a 6 o p yepecyp
a m p o ~ o iAM i A a H H o r o Ker-
h~ H mrep-mmmica (MAXmaqe, K e r a H mephuHbxx -
CUlrUKOM MehKEle A ~ H H O ~nOAOCbI
? ~a60pa).B pe-
3 Y M T a T e CTpaKklUa BbITAXAKT K a K T y ~ ~ h bcepbl% & npX-
PkIC. 8.8. ,@a KOM+OPTHO~O MOJTOAbHHK, H KiUfCeTCII, 'IT0 CTPOKH T e K C T a TIIHYT-
3TeHMII L U P U + T ~ CTPOKN CARIII- H O 8.8).
CII ~ ~ C K O H ~ Y(PEIC.
KOM AANHHbI, ~ O M N M OB E I 3 y U b -
HOrO ~ e y n o 6 c r ~npu
a, ~ A U H H ~ D ~
CTpOKaX EI nAOTHOM NHTePAEIHb- No vicu are so hard to eradicate as those which are popularly regarded as vir-
xxce 3 u T a T e n l o T ~ ~ A Hnepeao-
O tues. Among these the rice ofreading is foremost. That reading trash is a vice is
generally conceded; but reading per re-the habit of r e a d i n p n e w as ~t is, a1-
CUTh B3rAR,4 OT IIpaBOI'O K p a R ready ranks with such seasoned h c s as duift, sobriery, early rising and regular
O A H O ~CTPOKU K AeBOMy K p a l o exercise. There is, indeed, something peculiarly aggesnve m the virmousness of
the seme-of-duty reader. By those who have kept to the humble paths of pre-
~ y x c ~ oCTPOKU.
ii Peuen~o~ cept he is revered as follomng a counsel ofperfection. "I wish I had kept up my
B ABHHOM CAy.lae RBARIoTCR 60- reading as you have," the unlettered novice declares to this adept in the super-
erogatoty; and the reader, accustomed to the incense of uncritical applause, not
nee ~ p y n ~ IIIPN+T
b ~ i N yBenn- unnaturally looks on his occupation as a noteworthy intellectual achievement.
' I e H ~ bN
l ~H T e P A I I H b l X
 r ~ a s a8. Yrno de~aernxopouui n a h p deicrnsurne~anoxopourn, a moxoG - nilOXU4 767

PEfC. 8.9. Kernb r t r p U @ ~ aB naH-

What is reading, in the last analysis, but an interchange between
writer and reader? If the book enters the reader's mind just as it HOM I l P H M e P e COOTBeTCTBYeT
left the writer's-without any of the additions and modifications LLIUpliHe KOhOHKII, HO BHTePhW-
inevitably produced by contact with a new body of thought-it
has been read to no purpose. In such cases, of course, the read- HbRX CAHrtrKOM Y30K. T ~ K C )T-T
er is not always to blame. There are books that are always the PBTZiA fOPH30HTaALHYH) TeKCTy-
same-incapable of modifying or of being modified-but these py, KOTOpaR 06blYH0 C03AaeTCII
do not count as factors in literature. The value of books is pro-
portionate to what may be called their plasticity-their quality of . i e p e a o n a r r m M C T ~ O K TeKcTa li
being all things to all men, of being diversely moulded by the im- npo6en1,soro npocrpasc-rsa.
pact of k s h fonns of thought. Where, from one cause or anoth-
er, this reciprocal adaptability 1s lacking, there can be no real YT~HH ~
TaKOrO CXaTOrO TCK-
intercourse between book and reader. CT5 - YTOMATeALtlOe 3BFIRTAC
A a X e GAR TeX OTBaXBbIX YUTB-
~ e ~ e fKOTOPLIX
i, H e CMYTHT
CTPOKH
60hb~~0fi
AAUHbI C Y 3 K W H H T e p M i H b B X e M CTOAb ~ e n p 0 r A ~ ~ H b~ laf 6i 0 p
H e a W T Y W a T e A H ) BO3MOXHOCTH YBePeHHO n e p e B O -
a H T L B 3 f A X a CO CTPOKH H a CTPOKY. Mexay CTPOKaMSi
HeAOCTaTOYHO nPOCTpi3HCTBa AAX TOfO, ' I T O ~ L I OHH H e
32UIOA3ahH aP)T H a APJTa, a B e a b I'IYCTOG rOPSi3OHTahL-
~ b l f npOMeX).rOK
i I I O a C T O K O ~ ~IIBAIIeTCX T P O ~ U H K O ~ ~ ,
no ~ o ~ o p oaanxe-rca
ii ~srnaa,nepexoax co CTPOKH Ha
CTPOKY. ELAH 3 T a TPOIIIMKB CAHIUKOM Y3Katl, TO B3mW
YHTaTeAX M O X e T A e r K O C ~ H T ~ C ICI IIyTU (PHC. 8.9).
Mah0 TOrO, T O IIAOTH~IGEIHTepAUHbRX C a M n0 ce6e
y c A o x m e T B o c n p m S i e U P E I + T ~T,a K OH erne npespa-
uaeT w e m e B TPYAH~IO pa60~y.

n p o 6 ~ e ~Y3KHX
b 1 KOAOHOK
r
rase?. n p o 6 n e ~ a06pa~narr,o n H c a H H a r r K ~ pa3
K B npe-
By a fiction, I understand a num-
ber if citizens, whether amounting to AbJ,4ymeM p a 3 A e A e : K W A b I.UpH@a ChElIIIKOM Be- A M
a majority or minority of the whole, KOAOHKH, T O B e C b M a 3aTPYnHIIeT n O A y Y e H H e XOpOIIIO
who are united and actuated by some
common impulse of passion. or of CB~P~T~,HHO
CTPPHHLI,bI.
$
interest, adverse to the rights of other
citizens, or to the permanent and ag-
c!)Tbn p o 6 ~ e ~ COCTOHT
b 1 B TOM, W O ~a6op~oG
CHCTe-
gregate interests of the community. Me, 3a,II0AHZIO~efi CrpOKIl TeKCTOM, I I P H X O ~ H ' I UT O - T O

By a fiction, I understand a num- neha-rr, c n p o c r p m m o M , o c r a ~ m c r Br c T p o K e noche

ber if citizels, whether amounting to ea6opa B ~ e iAi o n y C T u M o r o K o n u s e m a UOB. om
a majority or minority of the whole,
who arc united and actuatcd by some ~~06b106ecne9n mp a B E t h b e o e pameweme nocnease-
common impulse of passion, or of m chosa B c-rpoKe, ero pa36ma~r-r ,qm nepeeoca, HO naxe
interest, adverse to the rights of other
ciriuns, or to the pctmancnt and ag- H IIOCAe 3TOrO B T O K e OCTaeTCII HeKOTOpOe npOCTpZlH-
gregate interests of rhe community.m o . K y ~ em a n p ~ p o m B? n e p B y m o Y e p e A b M e w
cho~aim,HO moraa, e m o c r m ~ c l np06en f CAUIXIKOM
sehu~, TO H M e m y ~ ~ K B ~@HC. M N 8.10).T ~ 6M o ~ e YTO
e
PRC. 8.10. T e ~ c r o ~ b~~ai r6 o p
C PBaHbIM IIpaBbIM KpaeM ( ~ e p - H a K O p o n u l x c r p O K a X MeXCAOBHbEi n p o 6 e ~ o
M~a O , ncF
XHHG a 6 s a u ) n o ~ a 3 b l ~ a e ~ , TOM^ pacnpeneheme npocrpmma M e m n y HUM^^ n p ~ -
nycroro
CKOA~KO npocrpaHcrBa BOAHT K NX 9 p e 3 M e p H O M Y YBeAHYeHNIO. Cj'lLleCTBye~
ayxao pacnpenehmb Mexny HeCKOAbKO C I I O C ~ O B60pb6b1 C AHIUHUM "yC?btM IIpOCTpXl-
I a~am~oii
A ~ Y K B B M EH
C A O B ~ H
-OM, I M + ~ ~ M ~ I W 06
O ~ 8 u. 10 H 7 7, HO c p e
r n u.
cTpOKe AAR TOTO, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~o6ec-
1
nesnTb B ~ I K A K I 'no
IKY+op~a-
KEI CAaYEI K33eTbl (N 3KOHOMH9eCKHe + ~ K T O P ~ I )A e A m
TY ( H H X H N ~ ~a6sau). B na~aoir HeBbrroAHbIM n p m n e Y e m e cnemamcra AAX N c n p a m e -
CHTyauHM MOXeT nOM04b pX3- X s
KWI T ~ K I ~norpem~ocreii epm.
peureme npH nepeHoce ocraa- Y T ~ H YH3 ~K m KOAOHOK TeKCTa N3HYPReT, nOTOMy
AXTb Ha CTpOKe MNHNMYM A B e wo ~ 3 r ~ s -6 ie~c r r p e p b r ~ ~r rop b r r a e T OT ~ p a no
~ l pa^
G ~ K B ~ IB,eAb TOrna C T p O K a CTa-
9epe3 K a X A b I e HeCKOAbKO CAOB. TO - BCe PaBHO, 9 T O
HeT BMeUaTb 6ohbure TeKCTa, a
~ H ~ Y I I TpacnpenenxTb
, npnneT-
CAenHTb 3a 111p05B nNHr-IlOHT. C O ~ A N H H TY3KYIO ~ no-
CR MeHbmee nycroe npocTpaH- AOCy C Y e p e n y I o W H M a c R CTpOKaMN TO IIAOTHOrO ~a60-
CTBO pa ( c u c ~ e sanonerre~
~a q o K a non ~ ~ B I I ~ K TO
Y ) o, g e H b
p a 3 p e m e ~ ~ o r-o no npmsae, o ~ o ~ o p ToOfA ~ K O9 T O
rOBOpNAOCb -H Bb1 n o A y q u T e TO, W O O ~ ~ I ~H IHl p eOA -
craBhcIeT co6oii rase~a:o ~ ~ o p a 3 0 s sepcnca.
as A xo
H e TOT 06paseq KOTOPOMY CTONT CAeAOBaTb.
B BepCTKe ~oo61uenpeo6naaam~AOCTaTOYHO Y3-
KHe nOAOCb1 ~ a 6 o p a .O A H H M H 3 n e p B b I X n p H e M O B ,
K O T O IIOIfBIZhCR
~ ~ ~ B HaCTOAbHbLX H3AaTeAbCKHX CMC-
 r ~ a s a8. Ymo ae~aemxopouuUY ~ a 6 o pdeUYcmoume~axoxopowt~cr,a r~toxoi- UOXILIM 763

T e M a X , C T U O o ~ T ~ K ~ rH
p aM
+ E~i ~ M TeKCTOM, kI306pa-
X e H M e , HZUIpHMep + 0 ~ 0 r p a @ M I I , BHeApIIeTCX B KOAOH-
KY T e K c T a , erne 6onee cyxarr ee LUNPEIHY. 0 6 T e K a H M e
TeKCTa (XU0 Y p e 3 ~ b 1 s a f i ~n00 n y h J I p H b I M M MCnOAb3Y-
eTCII A 0 CMX IIOp, a p e 3 y A b T a T MOXHO YBMAeTb B MHO-
rOYUCAeHHbIX I I p M M e p a X CKBepHO CBepCTaHHbIX C v a -
HULI. n pa o 6 e ~ o-~ 3 T 0
npo6~e~ HenOCpeACTBeHHOe
CAeACTBHe Y3KMX nOAOC ( K ~ KI3 n p o 6 n e ~ a<<UBeTa*
I l I p E i + ~ a - CAeACTBMe CMeHbI LUMpMHbI KOAOHKM),
M eAUHCTBeHHblM C ~ O C O ~ O 6M0 p b 6 b 1 C 3TMM 3AOM IIB-
AIIeTCII ~ a c ~ p 0 f i Knpo6enoa
a Ha K ~ X A O GC T p O K e .
K s e M y n p ~ 6 e r a m~ ~p a i i p~e Ae K o .

K ~ yKK a 3 b I B M O C b 6 24. 1, KOMnbH3TePHbIe I I p O r p a M M b I n, but in a smdcr d-.

and Ipparznse have leu
CYHTmT, 9TO ~ m ~ b~ ~ f Bi ~ H 3HaK
Y K H ~ I PaCIIOAOXeH
~ ~ ng on Imvir pwchw; or
s whilc chc dctirc for rrylc
B IIPIIMOJTOAbHMKe ~ e r e h b ~IIAOUBAKH,
~ f i BbICOTa KO-
~ o p o i iC o o m e T c m y e T K e r n m ILIPEI+T~, a ruxpmia -
m p m e 3 ~ a (c~ no~yanpornami).
a K o r ~ Ba ~ ~I a 6 ~ p a e - md rirnpliciiy a p p d ro men more rhrn mere
T e TeKCT, TO K m e T C I I , T l W BbI p a 3 M e U a e T e 3HaKM B CTPC-
Ke, a H a CaMOM A e A e I I p O r p a M M a n p O C T 0 J'KAWbIBaeT
A P p 3a Ap)TOM EiX K e r e A b H b I e lTAOUaAKM. Ta~arrnoc-
AeAOBaTeAbHOCTb IIAOUZiAOK C03AaeT MHOXeCTBO BM3Y-
a h b H b I X ~HoMwG, M 3HaKII, KOTOPbIe BbI BMnFiTe H a PHC. 8.11. E y K s t l q a M A O A X H ~
c-rpmaue,6b1~a.10~ P a c n p e n e n e H b I H e T ~ KKaK
, cneAoBa- 6 b l ~ bB ~ I P O B H ~ H H O
noE A e B O M y
A 0 6b1. KOH~YHO,
MX K e r e h b H b I e IIAOUaAKM BbIpOBHeHbI ~ p m Ha . c a M o h 2 ache, Gyrcs~ua
npeBocxoAHo, nporpaMMa chenm 3a ~ W M ,HO r p a m q b I CABHHyTa B E p a B O H a IlIHpHHy
3TMX IIAOIUWOK H e 0~06paxmc11, M BCe, 'IT0 BbI BWM- cBoero noAyanpoma. T e ~ n o s b ~ e

T e H a crpamue, - TO ~306paxce~m
P e n a K T O p b I X XIpOrpaMMbl B e p -
~H~KOB.
CTKH ewe T O A b K O HLLYHHPlOT
Ha p ~ c .8.11 n p e A c r a m e H n p w M e p ~ u 3 y a h b ~ om
fie
BbIPaBHHBaTb T a K H e 6 y K ~ H 4 b no
1
MW. Kpyn~arrH a s a h b H a R 6 y ~ - ~ bylcauyaii
a (drop CBOHM K o H T y p a M , a Iie no rpa-
cap) - A O A X H a 6b1Tb TOYHO BbIPOBHeHa n0 r p a H M 4 e H M q a M ~ e r e n b ~ non oi l r r a n x c a
164 Yacma I. O c ~ o a a munozpa@u~u
l

neBoro nonx, H n p o r p a M M a y m e p m A a e T , YTO TO T a K ,

HO BbI-TO OTYeTANBO BHANTe, 9 T O 3TO H e COBCeM T a K :
6 y ~ s u u aC A B H H y T a B n p a B O H a HeCKOAbKO nYHKTOB.
~ ~ e B TOM, wo ee K e r e u H a ITAOIU~A-
0 6 a x c ~ e COCTONT
K a A ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ BbIPOBHeHa
A~HO no AeBOMy K p a I o , a CaMO
~ 3 0 6 p a x e ~~Y~Ke B CMeIUeHO
~ I OTHOCNTeAbHO r p a H N U b I
~ e r e A b H 0 ; nAOIUaAKN. A P Y ~ N M H CAOBBMH, 3 H a K CABM-
HYT H a UIHPHHY IIOAyaIIpOLUa, H n p E I KpYIIHbIX KWAXX
3 T 0 CTaHOBHTCII B e C b M a 3 a M e T H b I M . T I U a ~ e A b ~ b 1H2a -
~ O P W I I K( B ~ P C T ~ A L ~ I I KHAH
) , TOT, y KOrO e C T b B p e M I I
IIpOSBAIITb C T a p a H N e , KOHeYHO, ~ a i i AAII
~ e ~~Y K B I I I J ~ I
TaKOe IIOAOXeHNe, 9~06b1O H a C T a h a A ~ ~ ~ c T B N T ~ A ~ H
B L I P O B H ~ H H O ~(. K ~ ~K0 6 1 n - ~3C
TORr 0 , CA.6 2A. 72.)
ApyrZl5f n p o 6 ~ e ~CBII3aHHaX
a, C BH3YahbHLIM BbI-
P a B H H B a H H e M , n p e A C T a B A e H a H a PHC. 8.12. B ABHHOM
c A y Y a e ~ ~ ~ O A O B pOaKc n o ~ o m eno
~ u e H T p y KOAOHKH.
HOT ~ K C T O B ~ I ; ~ A O KH e BbIKAIoYeH no I I p a B O M y K p a I O ,
nO3TOMY 3arOAOBOK K a X e T C X HeCKOAbKO CABHHYTbIM
B n p a B O . ~ ~ ~ O A O B6bm
O K JJeHTpHpOBaH H e OTHOCEITeAb-
HO TeKCTa, a OTHOCUTeAbHO P~CCTOIMP& A 0 K p a e B IIOAOCbI
~ a 6 o p akI
. ROAyYaeTCSi, YTO BNANMOe 6 b 1 ~ UeHTPHPO-
0
BaHO no TOMY, YTO BHAHO TOAbKO YBCTHYHO, B P e 3 Y A b -
TaTe -H ~ C ~ U ~ H C H ~ O B ~ H H O C T ~ .

PHC. 8.12. y e q n p o ~ m a 38-

e Advertising to Men
rOAOBKa OTHOCHTeAbHOTeKCTB C
Those articles that should be considered with
PBaHbIM IIpaBbIM KpaeM BCerna
special reference to men are limited to such
'ipeBaT0 HeCtIMMeTPMYHOCTbIo.
things as are for his personal use or are con-
B naHHOM CAy.lae YaCTIIYHO 38-
nected with his business. But even in the former
IIOAHeHHbIe CTPOKH TeCTOBOTO
class, women's influence is always more or less
6 ~ o c~o san a m ~BneYaTAeHtIe in evidence. Clothing, £or example, is often
IIeKOTOPOrO CnBtITa 3arOAOBKa
bought at the suggestion of or with the advice
BIIpaBO OT I l e q a . B 3aTOAOBKaX
of some woman, or to make an impression on
KOAOHOK B ~ a 6 ~ ~YaCTO
4 . 3B03-
~ women.
HUKaeT T a Xe n p o 6 ~ e ~ a
E A U H C T B ~ H H O ~T, O OTAIlYaeT XOpOJJ.IyKJ B e p C T K y OT ~ A O X O ~-, ~ O A H L OTKa3
I ~ ~ OT Ha-
A e W b I H a TO, W O T ~ K C T O B P
~ eIA~a~K T O P aBTOMaTMgeCKH BCe CAeAaeT KaK CAeAyeT. O n b r r -
H b I e H ~ ~ O P U (H
B ~K
PCMT~A~UIHKH
AOBePRIOT
) CBOMM r A a 3 a M , a H e CBOElM ElHCTPYMeHTaM.
C ~ M ~ I YCneIIIHLIMH
MM B e P C T a A b U E l K a M I I CTaHOBXTCIi T e , Y KOrO X O P O I I I H ~ r~A a 3 O M e p
I1 g)'BCTBO M e p b I .
B e p c ~ a A b I I l I 1 KA O A X e H I I p l i H H M a T b ~ ~ C S E I C A ~ H MHOXeCTBO
HO~ peLI.Ie~Pifi A A S TOTO,
Y T O ~ ~CKOMnOHOBaTb
I rlpeBOCXOAHYIO C T p a H U U Y B A ~ H H Or A~a B
~ e TOALKO H a M e S e H L I
HeKOTOpLIe I13 HHX. BO MHOIXX CAYYaIiX ~ ~ ~ B M A B
L LH
I~O
~ PIB 0~ 3 M O X e H 6~aronapx
~ e 6 b r ~ a n o TOSHOCTH
fi II03MIJIIOHEIPOBaHUII, A O C T ~ ~KOMIIbKJTePHLIM
HO~ IIpOrpaMMaM.
H0 CaMbIM BCiXHbIM UHCTPYMeHTOM AAIi B e p C T a A b U I l K a XBAXeTCS K P I ~ T E ~ Y ~ c KI'Aa3.
H~~
B KOHUe KOHUOB, M a C T e p a P P H O r O ~ a 6 o p aC03AaBaAPi IIpeBOCXOAHbIe npOH3BeAeHHIi
6e3 n p o 6 e ~ Bo TbICIi9HYKJ
~ AOAH) K e I ' e h b ~ O f i , ElHTepAElHbXXa B AeCSTyH, AOAIO IIyHKTa El
r ~ rupx+~a.
A P O ~ H ~ I~X e ef
Em11 Bbl o 6 p a m ~ eIIpUCTaAbHOe BHEIMaHIte H a BePCTKY, KOTOPYK) BHAIiTe K a X n L ~ f i
AeHb, TO 6 y ~ e Pi3YMAeHb1,
~e K a K 6b1 BbIPa3HTbCX A I m A O M a T H s H e e , YHCAOM B03MOXHLIX
TM~O~~~QH Y AS~~ Z IC
~UK~H EX
HKOTOPLIe
I~~, H e CAeAaHbl. TO IIPOEICXOAUT E13-3a CIIeLUKEI,
H e B e X e C T B a , CKYnOCTEl ( M ~ H ~ A X ~ P OKOTOPbIe
B, H e XOTXT IIAaTHTb 3a 3 K C n e p T H y I o OUeH-
KY, 06pe~11e
11K O ~ O ~Aa ~q e c ~11~, wo
a) neYanbHee Bcero, as-sa OTC~TCTBXS n p o c T o r o
XeAitHEIII C A e A a T b BCe K a K M O X H O AySLLIe.
~ eC fT B ~ ICOBMeCTHO,
~T EI IIpaKTHYeCKH BCe T p H CBR3a-
HbI C ~ ~ P H K T J ' P O ~Eonee
~. ~ p y n H b 1 f iUIPIICPT ~pe6ye~
6onee r n ~ ~ p o ~noO A i io c b I ~ a 6 0 p a a, nNI r n ~ p o ~ ono-
ii
AOCbI ~ a 6 0 p aH y X e H 6 o n b r u a f H H T e p A H H b R X , YTO,
B CBOIO o Y e p e n b , ~ p e 6 y e ~
6onee K p y n H o r o rnpu+~a.
H ~ M ~ H3HaYeHIIe
IIB EIHTepAEIHbliXa, HYXHO KOPPeKTH-
P O B a T b H BCe O C T U b H b I e I l a p a M e T p b I .
H~CMOTPR
H a 3 T 0 , B m60G n p o r p a M M e CYUJeCTBY-
IOT YCTaHOBKEI IIO yM0A.IaHIIIo ( B ~ IB e n L H e C M O X e T e
Ha.IaTb ~ a 6 o pTeKCTa 6 e 3 KOHKpeTHbIX ~ H ~ Y ~ H EOT-
I ~ ) ,
HOIIIeHHR M e X n y HAMH H e B C e r n a IIpaBHAbHO OUeHHBa-
IoTCf?. ECAHB b I P a 3 m b C R MRrKO, TO OH&! YaLLIe BCerO
HeIIpaBHAbHO U C I I O A b 3 F T C R , H H e TOAbKO HOBHYKaMH.

A A M H ~CTPOKH
HAM + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH
0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 J.IIPHCI)T ~ a 6 ~ p a e KOAOHKBMEI,
~ca LLIEIpHHa
KOAOHKH Ha3blBaeTCR @0p&amoA4 IcOAO%lcU. XOTR CY-
WeCTBYeT NCKYIIIeHHe EICIIOAb30BaTb T e p M H H SUHU
cmpolcu (line length) B S ~ M ~@opaama H XOAO;IIXU~
(measure), HO OHH H e B c e r n a 0 6 0 3 ~ a ~ a 1 0o n~ H o II TO
x e . H a n p ~ ~ eKpo ,r n a B b I n o n H a e T c x 4 n a r o ~ b 1 f ~i a 6 o p
c p s a n a l ~n p a a a u x p a e ~(ragged right margin),
T. e. CTPOKH H e IIOAHOCTbIo 3aIIOAHRIOT LUHPHHY KO-
AOHKH, 8 A H H a K ~ ; K A OO~ T ~ ~ A ~CTPOKH
H O ~ H e PaBHReT-
Cli IIIkIPEIHe KOAOHKEI, 9 a C T b I O K O T O P O ~ XBAX€!TCX'
(PHC. 9.1). E m B T ~ K O MTeKcTe o ~ c y r m y mn e p e H o c b I
7 70 Y a c m a II. KUKsepcmarna rneltcrn
PHC. 9.1. B ~ ~ T U K ~ A L F I ~AH-
IMU
HHXMH OTMeWIiLI TPaHULIbI TeK-
CT080r0 ~ A O K OHU
~ , @HKCU~~-
IOT + O P M ; ~ T KOAOHKU. TO
UMeHHO TOT CA~%&, KOrAa AAU-
Ha CTpOKH U C # ) O ~ M ~ TKOAOHKH
He COBIIaAaIoT
PMC. 9.2A ( c ~ p .171). AAR
HeKOTOpbIX IIIPUQTOH CIIAOLU-
HOG 11a6op B y s ~ a xK O A O H K ~ X
(11 '/, n u ~ u o) s e m ynasea, HO
KpynHbIe npOIIOpLlUU rapHH?-y-
pb1 Sabon, H C I I O A ~ ~ O B ~ RH aH O ~ ~
pacyme, npu ~a6opeKerneM 10
no cxeMe 10/10 B b I r n w n m cner-
K a CXaTbIMU. B n e s a ~ n e ~ u e KOAEiqeCTBO TeKCTOBLIX KOAOHOK H a CTpaHEiUe Ei, HaKO-
YA~IIUUTCR, eCAH YBeAUrUTb
UHTepAUHbXX H a OAM1 IIYHKT
(10/11),a cxeMa 10/12 y x e H a w -
uaeT p m 6 m a ~ b~ a 6 o prxa noho-
CbI. TO M e CIIPaBeAAHBO AAX
H a 6 0 p a I I I ~ u + T o M KerAR 11.
OARA ~ H I I O $ KOAOHKU LUPH@T
KeLU 11 KaXeTCR BeAUKOBaT,
c o 3 n a n a s CTPOKU n c e r o B IIe-
CKOALKO CAOB U O'leHL p ~ a k I b l i f
xpa$. LLIparp~,H ~ ~ P ~ W HKW-
~ I $
AeM 12, 3aMeTkIO BeAHK, XOTX
echu e q npaasubao ua3~avm-b
HHTepAUHLXX, TO OH MOXCeT
OTAU'IHO CLIrPaTb B KaveCTBe
a K u w e I I n l o r o TexcTa
About twenty years ago, there lived a
!
singular gentleman in the Old Hall
$amongthe elm-trees. He was about
bee-score years of age, very rich, and
I
$ornewhat odd in many of his habits,
but for generosity and benevolence he
had no equal.
(YTO ~ L I B H
~ ~~ ~T ~ A KTO
o )~OALUIHHCTBO
, CTPOK OKXKeT-
Cli KOpOYe I I O A H O
UM~P
~H H b I KOAOHKII, T a K KZLK UCpOOrpaM-
M a H e M o m e T ~ A A I I H I I T CTPOKY
~ 3a cgeT q a c ~ e f CAOB,
i
p a 3 A e A e H H b I X IIepeHOCOM.
K O M I I L ~ T ~ ~ HII3AaTeAbCKUe
LI~ I I p O T a M M b I no-IIpe-
X H e M y H e I I M e l o T PaBYMHOrO XIOAXOAa K H A e e + O P M ~ -
T a KOAOHKII. B H e K o T o p b I x n p o r p a M M a x C H a q a - h a onpe-
A e n x e T c s + o p M a ~ C T p a H m l L I , 3 a ~ pea ~3 ~ e pnoneti,
H e q , PaCCTORHIIe M e X A y 3TIiMEI KOAOHKBMII'. BbI BbI-
H y X A e H b I O n p e A e A l i T L IIIIIpIIHy KOAOHOK MeTOAOM BLI-
umaHm. B TaKEix n p o r p a M M a x ELI H e M o m e T e C K ~ ~ ~ T L
<dixosy TPII KOAOHKII U I W P I I H O ~ ~14 n u K c npo6eno~
M e X A Y IIIIMII B 1 nIIKYw, XOTR. B T a K O M X e A a H I i E i e C T b
o n p e n e n e H H a R norma. LLIH~HH~ KOAOHKII H e A o n m H a
6 b 1 ~ bI I P O I I ~ B O A H O ~B ~ A H S H H O ~ee
, HyXHO 3aAaBaTL
R B H ~ I M06pa30~.TO K a c a e T c s i p a 3 ~ e p nonefir
0~ TO IIX,
eCAH H ~ O ~ X O A I I M OM, O X H O PaCCqEiTaTb CaMOCTOXTeAb-
HO, A 0 TOrO, K a K BBOAIITb 9 I I C A a C K A a B I I a T y p h I , CKAa-
A b I B U I UIIIPWHLI KOAOHOK II npo6eno~M e X A y HUMIl II
B L I ~ ~ C~ YRM.M 1 (Onpe~ene~~
~13XLIIIPIIH~IC T p a m i q b I .
C R nOCTpOeHUR ~ 0 a y ~ b -
3THX n a P a M e T p O B T P ~ ~ Y ~ TAAR.
nou" cemlcu cmpnnuybl, K o T o p a l i 0 6 c y m ~ a e ~ cDl iM. 72.)
172 Yacma II. K a x aepcmamb mexcm
It has been urged as an argument in favor of re-
chartering the present bank that the calling in its
loans will produce great embarassment and dis-
tress. The time allowed to close its concerns is
ample, and if it has well managed its pressure will
be light, and heavy only in case its management
has been bad. If, therefore, it shall produce dis-
tress, the fault will be its own, and it would fur-
nish a reason against renewing a power which
has been so obviously abused. But will there ever
be a time when this reason will be less powerful?
To acknowledge its force is to admit that the
bank ought to be perpetual, and as a consequence
the present stockholders and those inheriting
It has been urged as an argument in favor of
rechartering the present bank that the calling
in its loans will produce great embarassment
and distress. The time allowed to close its
concerns is ample, and if it has well managed
its pressure will be light, and heavy only in
case its management has been bad. If, there-
fore, it shall produce distress, the fault will
be its own, and it would furnish a reason
against renewing a power which has been so
obviously abused. But will there ever be a
time when this reason will be less powerful?
To acknowledge its force is to admit that the
bank ought to be perpetual, and as a conse-
It has been urged as a n argument in favor
of rechartering the present bank that the
calling in its loans will produce great
embarassment and distress. The time al-
lowed t o close its concerns is ample, and
if it has well managed its pressure will be
light, and heavy only in case its manage-
ment has been bad. If, therefore, it shall
produce distress, the fault will be its own,
and it would furnish a reason against re-
newing a power which has been so obvi-
ously abused. But will there ever be a
time when this reason will be less power-
ful? To acknowledge its force is t o admit
It has been urged as an argument in favor of re-
chartering the present bank that the calling in its
loans will produce great embarassment and dis-
tress. The time allowed to close its concerns is
ample, and if it has well managed its pressure will
be light, and heavy only in case its management
has been bad. If, therefore, it shall produce dis-
tress, the fault will be its own, and it would fur-
nish a reason against renewing a power which
has been so obviously abused. But will there ever
be a time when this reason will be less powerful?
To acknowledge its force is to admit that the
bank ought to be perpetual, and as a consequence
10112 X 18 nUK
It has been urged as an argument in favor of
rechartering the present bank that the calling
in its loans will produce great embarassment
and distress. The time allowed to close its
concerns is ample, and if it has well managed
its pressure will be light, and heavy only in
case its management has been bad. If, there-
fore, it shall produce distress, the fault will
be its own, and it would furnish a reason
against renewing a power which has been so
obviously abused. But will there ever be a
time when this reason will be less powerful?
To acknowledge its force is to admit that the
It has been urged as a n argument in favor
of rechartering the present bank that the
calling in its loans will produce great
embarassment and distress. The time al-
lowed to close its concerns is ample, and
if it has well managed its pressure will be
light, and heavy only in case its manage-
ment has been bad. If, therefore, it shall
produce distress, the fault will be its own,
and it would furnish a reason against re-
newing a power which has been so obvi-
ously abused. But will there ever be a
time when this reason will be less power-
 PMC. 9.25 (crp. 172). Korna +mp
It has been urged as an argument in favor of rechartering the MaT KohOlIKH IlpcBhIILIaeT 1 8 m , IIa-
present bank that the calling in its loans will produce great embar- 60p n o a e M e lO/1 1 m o u , u~r,013
rassment and distress. The time allowed to close its concerns is
TUZbKO BbMIpaeT Or O ~ I O l Y AOnOA-
l
ample, and if it has well managed its pressure will be light, and
heavy only in case its management has been bad. If, therefore, it Imam ny~mram m p ~ w m a ,
shall produce distress, the fault will be its own, and it would fur- urn u ne.voHnpnpyeT rrpmep w cxe-
nish a reason against renewing a power which has been so obvi- ~ o i 10/12.
r C H ~ ~ O A ~ U Mme- M
m o UOB~ n crpoKe 11a6op no c x e
Me 11/12 He E i L l m J 4 W T O~HOpOLWO
It has been urged as an argument in favor of rechartering the cepbm, a , x o n m m w u i I I ~ H K TK
present bank that the calling in its loans will produce great ernbar- m e p m m m c y ( c x e ~ 11/13)
a y m -
rassment and distress. The time allowed to close its concerns is Barn BIIe9PrAeIiMe B03AYIlIIIOCTlf.
ample, and if it has well managed its pressure will be light, and C KerAeM 12 U OAHKM A O ~ O ~
heavy only in case its management has been bad. If, therefore, it wm WOM m e p m m m a (cxe
shall produce distress, the fault will be its own, and it would fur- ~a 1 F 3 ) ~ d o frarmiacr
p B~I~M-
nish a reason against renewing a power which has been so obvi- A m TSK€AOtcaW R KaK 6yATa 3a-
10112 X 24 nUKU
x a m m B 3 a n * ~ l y l onpocrpanme.
~
H e c ~ c x p aHa TO, w o @pvar ~o
It has been urged as an argument in favor of rechartering AOHKU UIHOCXEJ&liO Y30K, KpYIIHb6
the present bank that the calling in its loans will produce Ker* ~ p e 6 y en o~n o n s m e s s o r o
great embarrassment and distress. The time allowed to close EpOCIpWCrea<WAXBZiAOW,, K U I D p
its concerns is ample, and if it has well managed its pressure o6ecnewae~ aeMa ttabopa ly14
will be light, and heavy only in case its management has
been bad. If, therefore, it shall produce distress, the fault
will be its own, and it would furnish a reason against renew- PMC. 9.2B. F.CAH @ P M ~ T KOAOHKU
ing a power which has been so obviously abused. But will )'Be?K.Msm TO mpAlEWD£CTax-
x e He A w e H a m a m . ropu30~-
T W H m T e K q a y TeK- ~a6pa~-
It has been urged as an argument in favor of rechartering ~ o r noo cxeMe 10111, He y ~ m y 6 ~ 1
the present bank that the calling in its loans will produce npu o ? n o c m t i o MUIHOOM m p
great embarrassment and distress. The time allowed to close mm.xxe A o n o m m ~ b Gqmx
its concerns is ample, and if it has well managed its pressure y p m m . x x a B ~ a 6 o p eno cxeMe
will be light, and heavy only in case its management has 10/1L p m ~ Memm o ~ e ~ co ra ,
been bad. If, therefore, it shall produce distress, the fault m o ~ ropawo m npUBneKaw
will be its own, and it would furnish a reason against renew- Hee. Ei ~ e ~ csa6prumbG
r, no a e M e
ing a power which has been so obviously abused. But will 11/12, m e ~ a m ~m H ~ E H O
TeMHLIM, B TO BpeMA K a TuMep K
cxeMe 11/13 0 6 n m a e ~6ahbmeii OT-
K ~ ~ I T O C I ~liK60nee
) dana~cupona~.
It has been urged as an argument in favor of rechartering H&p no aeMe 11/14 F e m i o ~ m -
the present bank that the calling in its loans will produce 0 3 Ye- pa3peXeHHbIM, HO
great embarrassment and distress. The time allowed to close M O J & K ~ r a p m q p a Sabon m ~ o c x -
its concerns is ample, and if it has well managed its pressure -
0 MaCCIIBHa, TO UT~IIBKP He Be-
will be light, and heavy only in case its management has A ~ TK WeAelmm CIPOK npyr OT
been bad. If, therefore, it shall produce distress, the fault ~ p y mY 6 o ~ e eC B ~ J & I X rap-
H,Ui l r r p u w C MeHbrUUM POCTOM
will be its own, and it would furnish a reason against renew-
rrp0-X ~ Y K B3TO MO)I(eT npnnec-
11/14 X 24 nUKU TM K Y F I ~ ~ M ~pa3peXeHHOCIU
~ H o ~
7 74 Yacrna II. Kalc aepcrnarna rnelccrn

B n p y r ~ xn p o r p a M M a x B ~M
I omeTe oYepTmb meXcmome PCU~KU(text frame), KOTO-
p b l e C A y X a T r p X H U a M H IIOAOCbI ~a6opa".C 0 3 a a B T a K H e paMKPi, BbI T e M CaMbIM O l I p e A e -
AReTe HX HCTIIHHbIe JJIHpHHbI, TO eCTb + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH, HO I I p H 3TOM IIpHXOAllTCR B p p -
HYH) CO3AaBaTb npo6enbr M e W y KOAOHKaMH C nOMOJ.4bH) TOYHOrO n03HLSIIOHHPOBaHHR
paMOK H a C T P m H U e . TO T O X e AOCTaTOYHO IIPHMHTIIBHO.
B n p o r p a M M a x B e p c m H onpeneneme n a p a M e q o B c ~ p m ~ ci 0u 3 ~ a HeKOTOpOe e~ no-
no6ae ~ o n y n b ~ ocieim H (page grid). H a n p ~ ~ eBp ~, k y MOXHO r o n p e n e n m o@esltou'
qSop~amC T ~ ~ E I (trim U ~ I size): p a s ~ e p q m ~ B ~ ~O T Ob B OK~H~m e HAM mypaane. Orxu
T a K x e o n p e A e n x m T + o p ~ KOAOHKH a~ HAH KOAOHOK H p a 3 ~ e p noheti, K o T o p b I e B c A y q a e
npocroii KHHXHOG c r p a H u U b r K a K pa3 H o n p e n e n s m T nonocy ~ a 6 o p a(text area).
Kopose TOBOPR, MCXOAR H 3 ( P j ' w a M e ~ ~ a A b H b Tl ~I I ~ O ~ ~ ~ ( P H ~I ~I ~C~KA HC XT ~ B A ~ H &
+ o p ~ aKOAOHKH~ c n e , q y e T o n p e A e A m npemne B c e r o .

K e r ~ bH + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH
Kez~a(point size) H + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH (measure) - TO ~ e p a 3 n y q napa.
~ a ~ Hanp~~ep,
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p b I e MOXHO p a 3 ~ e m Bb npenenax ~ E I P H H KOAOHKH,
~I a TO H a n p m q m ~ ~ B H C HOT
T
Ker.u.
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KHMH C ~ O C O ~ ~ MBOT o611i~eIIpHHUHITbI:
H . ~aa6onee
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H b I e 3HaKH a n + a ~ H T a (CM. PHC. 5.2);
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H e M COCTOm H 3 5 ~YKB);
M H H H M a b H a t I AAHHa CTPOKEI COCTaBAIIeT 27 3HaKOB, OIlTHMaAbHaR - 40 H MaKCH-
r r70.
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~ T IIpOCT, EI H e T
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, Kernrr 10 H a T o K e , pa^-
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KII H ~ B O ~ M O X H O Omomerne
~~. M e H b m e 1,5:1 - m yme
o n a c H o e c K o A m e r n e no TOHKOM~AW @MC. 9.2A-B).
Bce 3m c x e M L I npmonsrr K O A H O M ~H TOMY me
6 a 3 0 ~ 0 ~BLIBOAYy 06 OTHOUleHPiM M e X A y K e r A e h l
IJ.Ipr?+Ta M +OPM~TOM KOAOHKH, K O T O P L I ~rAaCEIT: YeM
AAMHHee CTpOKa, T e M K p j T l H e e A O A X e H ~ L I T LLUPII+T.
C ~ a ~ ~ a p ~ IHi ~b ~l O
f P H LK Ie r~A ~L AAR ~ O A ~ L I I E I H C T B ~
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k i n r n e p ~ u ~ a ~ 3 f(leading)
c' - %TO p a c c r o m M e B nyHKTax
OT AHHHII r u p P i + ~ a m60ii TOKH AO AHHHII m p ~ e a
PHC. 9.3. B H ~ ~ ~ ~ F X CTpO- H L I X
npemyrrleii q o m @MC. 9.3).Amn&c~oeHa3BaHMe K a X T e K C T a AMHMM I I I P H ~ P T CAe-
~
IIPOHCXOAEIT OT CAOBa lead, T O 3 ~ a ~ < ~m
C B M H I X O B ~ IA~a H L I BHAMMLIMH n A R TOrO, YTO-
I L ~ O H >B~ n~e.p H o A pyworo ~a6opac B m e I X McnoAb3oBan- 6 b 1 I I O K a 3 a T b B e A l l Y M H y MHTep-

cx r n x ~ Y K B ,a nmi ~ o r o~, 0 6 y ~ n 1 e m pac- AUHLRXia XAH PaCCTORHMC

M e X A y C M e X H b I M M CTPOKaMM
w m e , M e V crpo~arm~ O A K A ~ . Q n~o In oBc ~K y C B ~ M -
T e K C T a . 3 ~ P 3FIaYeHkiR
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U a (lead). I;OALIIIMHCTBO KOMIIbWTepHbIX IipOI'paMM
3Wa.RaTbCII KOHKPeTHLIM YHCAOhl
H C ~ O ~ ~ IT Ue Tp w line spacing ( M ~ ~ ~ ~ onpo6en).Y H L G T K T O B MAN C K A ~ L I B a T L C I I8 3
T~KCT,
H a 6 p a ~ H b 1 G&3 wno~w"solid), 0 3 ~ a ~ a e ABYX
~ B€!AMYHII: CTaRAapTHOrO HIT-

cmownou' ~ a @ y, K o T o p o r o mrrepmm.xx p a B e H K e r n l o TepAmILnma H ~ H ~ ~ ~ O

I A
I HHO R
~O
113 n a p a h x e ~ p orn6uBxa
o~ doa63a-
ya M ~ Motndi~axanocile a63aya. 3a-
r o n o B o K a T h e Grandfather, H a -
LESSON VI 6 ~ ; H 1 a~PaCCl'ORfMH 30 IIYHKTOB
30' GT npen~inyuiciic r p o K a . P a c m -
THE GRANDFATHER
milie nocne s a r o n o B K a c u a a b r B a -
Pronounce the following words in this lesson correctly. 23' e T c x 113 O T ~ U B K Wnocne a6saua,
Do not say . m k - i n for smok-ing; clear-in for clear-ing; 13' p a ~ H 0 f 13
i n j T l K T a M , I4 CTaIXnapT-
ktxh-in for catch-ing; turn-b for turn-ing; sp;n-n?nfor 13' HOrO M H T e p A H H L R X a CAe,5yf0~efi
spin-nin 3'
CTPOKM, P a B H O r O 10 n y H K T a M
176 Yacma II. Kale aepcmama mexcm

, a I I p I I M e p K e r A b I L I ~ I I + T ~12 EI HHTepAHHbXX, p a B ~ b 1 f12 IIyHKTaM. %O

L U ~ H + T ~H BbIpa-
XeHIIe (solid) I I p H w o I I 3 P y H O r O ~ a 6 0 p aT, O r A a I I p H CIIAOLUHOM ~ a 6 o p eo n a H pR.4 AM-
T e p yCTaHaBAIIBaACX HeIIOCpenCTBeHHO IIOA ApYI'EIM 6 e 3 nOIIOAHHTeAbHbIX LUIIOH"'.
B U U + ~ O B O M ~ a 6 0 p eC ~ A O ~ H~OaB6 o pCTbIKYeT K e r e A b H b I e IIAOrrIaAKM I I O ~ O G H ~ I MXe
06pa30~.g p y w ~ c n o c o 6 o ~onkicasIHrr ~ a 6 o p a6 e 3 LLIIIOH RBAReTCR 3aIIIlCb 72 On 72
( 72 na 12) E I 72/72.~
O T ~ N BCTPOK
K B I I O - I I p e X H e M y Ha3bIBaeTCR B ~ H ~ A X ~ C KR3bIKe OM adding lead (no6a-
B m b UKIOH, ~ Y K B ~ A ~~ H~ O0 6 a C b U ~ ~ECAH
~ BmH H ). Y TeKCTa YBeAIIYeH IIHTePAHHbRX IIO
CpaBHeHEiEO CO CIIAOLUHbIM ~ a 6 o p (solid), o ~ TO 0 H e M rOBOpXT KBK 0 H ~ ~ P ~ H H CO O M LUIIO-
HaMU (extra lead - < < ~ o I I o A H I I T ~ ~C~BH T )a ,K 0 ~ a 6 o p e
I I~HI~~I ~ > IIO CXeMe 12/13 MOXHO
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e pIa~
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f k1 point of lead,), O n p e n e A R R H a G o p KOAIIYeCTBOM LLIIIOHOB, A O ~ ~ B A R ~ M ~ I
M e X n y CTpOKaMII ~ 0 0 6 p a X a e M b 1AHTepHbIX
~ ~ A O K O B . TO 0 6 e c ~ y p a ~ a ~Taa K e ~K a,K
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0 n ~ 0 f AHHIIH
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BbIIIOAHeH CO LUIIOHOM
B 1 IIYHKT, 0 3 H a Y a e T , YTO PaCCTORHUe M e X n y AHHHRMH L U P E I + TYBeAHSeHO
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WTCR H a o6wef AIIHHII urpa+~a.
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fi A a X e 0Vlpu-
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3 H a Y e H I I s KerAX, H a I I p H M e p 66/60 IIAU 54/50 (pEIc. 9.4). T~KCT,
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i
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O AyYIIIe ( ~ e AAR
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HbIM, IIOBTOMY 11 n p u 6 e r m ~
K OTPIIUaTeAbHOMY 3HaYeHHIo.
K ~ PiK AAH p a C s e T a K e r A X I I p H Pa3AEIYHbIX + O ~ M ~ T KOAOHKII,
~ X CYIUeCTBYeT
HecKo-Ko C ~ O C O ~ OpBa c Y e T a n o n x o n a l r J e r o mrrepnaHbxxa. H c H o s a s npennosmam
~ H c ~ o B nOAXOA,
Liy
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KerAeM H
O C H O B ~ U I HH~ aI ~COOTHOrZIeHEIII
(POPM~TOM
KOAOHKH.
~ MeX-
AAIIT o r 0 YTO~LI
Fall Suit Sale!
O n p e A e A W T b , HaCKOAbKO C A e A y e T YBeAHYkITb HHTepAH- Prices Reduced
H ~ X X , npocro p a 3 ~ e ~ 1ai ~ ~ ea s e I~U ~~ IeI H ~~ IO A O C ~ I
~ a 6 o p a(B nmax) H a K e r n L r Z I p ~ l + ~ (B a n y ~ ~ ~ aOK- x).
by 50%
P y r A H T e p e 3 y A L T a T C TOqHOCTLK) A 0 0,5 IIyHKTa. 5 Days Only!
Eclll T e K c r ~ a 6 q a e ~KcUa~ H + T O MK e r m 11 H a crpo-
K e nmaoii 24 m ~ TO ,c h e n y e T n o 6 a ~ m K s ~ a ~ e m m PHC. 9.4. T H ~ M Y H B~ aIp H ~ a~H T
M H T e p M H b X X a 2 Il)'HKTa (24 : 11 = 2,18, OKPyI'hReM ~ a 6 o p aT e K C T a C O T p H l I a T e A b -
A 0 2), CheAOBaTeAbHO, CXeMa ~ a 6 o p a- 11/13. k m LUEI- HbIM M H T e P A H I l b R X e M : IIIPHQT

pma crpom H e npeBb1mae-r 30 nm, TO p e 3 y ~ B~~ ~I - a ~K W A R 22 1ia6paa C HHTepAHHbB-

XCeM 19 IIYITKTOB. y a K 4 H n e H T -
sHCAeHHX paBHXeTCX 2,5, a C X e M a ~ a 6 o p aCOCTaBkIT
HOrO UIPII+TB 6 e 3 HHXCHHX BbI-
11/13,5. a o p ~ y n aKOHeYHO, , Hfl K Y e M y BaC H e 06a3~1sa- HOCHbIX 3 A e M e H T O B 3 H a Y e H H e
HHTepAHHbRXa M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ b
ewe MeHbUIe

No detail in a person's "make-up" affects him

so much as the shape of his head. If he owns
a good shape, he will have sterling qualities
of character; if he has a poor shape, he will
lack the essentials of a man; and if he has, what
is most likely, a head of mid-way classifica-
tion, he will be someone of ordinary average
ability.

No detail in a person's "make-up" affects him

so much as the shape of his head. If he owns
a good shape, he will have sterling qualities
of character; if he has a poor shape, he will
lack the essentials of a man; and if he has, what
is most likely, a head of mid-way classifica-
tion, he will be someone of ordinary average
ability.
 B ~ O A ~ I ~ I H H C CAyVaeB
TB~ OIlpeAeAeHHX H H T e p h I l H b R X a AOCTaTOVHO TOVHOCTH
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TepAHHbXXa MeHee VeM H a 0,5 I I y H K T a M O X e T IIpMBeCTH K A~
H~oII~~BA~HH oO
~%~HOCTU
(puc. 9.5).

B KOMnbIOTepHOM ~ a 6 o p eCVHTaeTCR KCH HOMO^^, VTO HHTepAEXHbRX O ~ ~ I S H BO 1,2 pa3a

npeBbILuaeT 3 ~ a s e K ~ e ~r me. TO H e o s e H b nones~oenpasano, n o c K o n b K y XCHO, s ~ o
E l H T e P M H b X X A O A X e H H3MeHXTbCR C y.leTOM Q o p ~ a KOAOHKH.
~a n p a ~ ~3 aT 0, BOBAeVeT
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, B A H ) ~ O MC A y s a e C A e A y e T O K p y r -
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G e M e H T HYMepOAOrHH (1,2 pa3a) 6 e p e m ~ oC o x p a -
HReTCX B YCTaHOBKaX IIO YMOAWiHHIO ~ O A ~ U I H H C TTeKCTOBbIX
B~ PeAaKTOPOB H I I P O r P a M M
BepcmH, a HMeHHo B Q~HKUHH,
KOTOPW H ~ ~ ~ I B ~a0m(~~amu~lec1~uUY
~ T C X unmepmnwwc
(auto leading).
T ~ HM
e MeHee, aBTOMaTElseCKOr0 H H T e p A H H b R X a C A e A y e T u 3 6 e r a ~ b nOCKOAbKY
, OH
c n o c o 6 e ~BBeCTH B ~ ~ ~ A Y X AXOTR
~ H 6
Mb 1~IIOTOMY, VTO HeBO3MOXHO Y3HaTb, K ~ K O GHH-
T e P A H H b R X HCIlOAb3YeTCX H a CaMOM & e A e . Y KWAR 10 BCe IIpeKpaCHO: H H T e p h u H b X X
p a B e H ~ O B H O12 q n ~ ~ a iVvK. e r m 11 OH CTaHoBHTcx ~ ~ B H ~13,2
I Mr r y m T a , a y K e r m 12 -
14,4 IIyHKTa. P a 6 o ~ aC n p H p a r t J e H H R M H A a X e B nOArIJ'HKTa AOBOAbHO YTOMHTeAbHa, HO
IIOYTPi B C e r A a A a e T A O C T a T O S H ~
TOVHOCTb, IIO3TOMY H e CTOHT YVHTbIBaTb AeCRTbIe AOhIl
THKTa. K p o ~ TOrO,
e ewe H T e M , S T 0 eTO HeAO-
~ B T O M ~ T H Y ~ CHKHHT e~P~A H H b R X K O B a p e H
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Truthfulness Truthfulness
Aside from the moral aspect of the ques- As~de&om thc nloral dspccr of tilo yucs-
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, b h o ~ l j ( f hc tr~ltllfulmcrcIy
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 moisture that it could in itself when
it was hotter, and that moisture is
apt to affect the state of whatever
object it is deposited on.
Bumps in the Night
Perhaps we cannot be quite certain
that furniture cracks so much more
at night than in the daytime. For
one thing, there are another noises
that go on in the daytime that we
are more likely to be attending to.
Bumps in the Night
Perhaps we cannot be quite certain
that furniture cracks so much more
at night than in the daytime. For
one thing, there are another noises
that go on in the daytime that we
are more likely to be attending to.
Still, it is no doubt that furniture
does make strange noiscs at night,
and that it is not difficult to under-
stand is we remember that the air

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c u c r e M a x ~ a a b ~ s a e ~cdsuzm
csi AUNUU upu$mai3 (baseline
shift), 3aMeHElAO UHTepAUHbXX n M 3HaKa. COCTO-
UT B TOM, T O BMeCTO EIHTepAUHbXXa ,4WHOrO CMMBOAa
(UAU COBOKYIIHOCTU CEIMBOAOB) BBepX EIAU BHM3 C M e U a -
eTCX AUHUX rupaQ~aCUMBOAa (UAU B C ~ GC O B O K ~ O C W )
(pEIc. 9.9).
Roche onpenehem cnama ~UHI~E~ ~ E I + B ~ MO-
I
xme M e m u m e p m m x m BO BceM pa3nae, w m
COXPX-ETGI HerIpUKOCHOBeHHbIM, rfle 6b1Hki HaXOAHACII, no-
T O M ~w o OH OTHOCUTCX K mmm r.upu+rra 3 ~ a ~ aaH,e crpe
mi. ,D,pymm c n o B a m , OH H e B~BEICHT m m p m m m a .
C n ~ mhIIHEM UIPEI@a V C T B H T e h e H K EI3MeHeHUH)
K e r m qacp?.a, T ~ K K ~ XOH o n p e n e h R e T a ~GCONOTHO~~

PEC. 9.10. ~ O C K O A ~ KCABUr

Y
(PEIC.
B€AWD~HO~ 9.10). k U i MeKIIeTUI KerAb, TO
m
B(L,C AH-
AUHUH L U P X + T ~ galye onpene- HIM r.upu+ra y x e M o m m H e c o m m m o s a n eMy. Ile
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I XH, e OT- CKOAbKY C P m AliHPiH IllpEI+ 0 6 b m 0 MCnOAb3yeTUI &w
HOCUTeAbHbIX BeAHSKHaX, TO OH nepeMemem 3 ~ a H~a HOB^
a no- ~ ~ ~ o c m npy-
wao
YYBCTBATeAeH K H3MeHeHHIO
mx Z ~ ~ K O 6Bb, n 0 6b1none3~0,e m 6 b 1 w m M O ~ 6bn0
O
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~ RHKUe r~-
onpe~emim.CIIOCO~OM, H ~ ~ ~ B E I C E ~ M erm, - T~K,
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x Tepn-
eTcX, K o r n a K e r n b yMeHbuxaeT- w o 6 b 1 , H a n p H M e p , COXpXiliAOCb B b I P a B H E I B M e XI0 BepX-
cx no 36 (HUXHRX crpoea) HeMy ~POBHH),name echu a 3 ~ e ~ m sc ~x a s e ~ Kx eer m .
 C A B hElHUH
I ~ ~ XlIpFi@a, K m M 6b1 HeCOBePLUeHHbIM OH Hli 6 b m , IIO-IlpeXHeM)' RBNIeTCR
IIOAe3HbIM EIHCTpj'MeHTOM A M TOYHOfO BePTEIKaAbHOTO BbIPaBHEIBWIHR CHMBOAOB. Hanpa-
xep, ero MOXHO n p m e H m AM ~ a 6 o p a~ p o 6 e fanti M a T e M a m Y e c K u x +OPMYA. &ome
c n o c o 6 b 1 BbIpaBHPiBaHHX, OIJMCaHHbIe B 2A 72, OCHOBaHbI H a CABllre JZIlHEIIl X l I p I i 4 ~ a .

U~M@ T
B BbIBOpOTKe (reverse), TO eCTb n e Y a T b 6 e n b 1 no
~ YePHOMY, CAeAyeT ~ a 6 P i p a ~ b
C ~OSUIEIMII n p o 6 e n a ~ a M e X A y 6 y ~ ~U aCAOBaMH,
~ a o ~ae ne o ~ p o 6 -
Y e M O ~ ~ I Y H( O~ e 6 ~
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PixH3MeHeHEie HHTepAMHbRXa.
H ~ Y H ~C TOrO,
M YTO B ~ I B O P O T H ~TeKCT
I~ BCerAa YEiTaTb TPYAHee, n03TOMY HeB03MOX-
HO 3 a p a H e e CKa3aTb, KOrAa OH CTaHeT BOCnpHHliMaTbCR fiOCTOBePH0. ,@3 TOfO Y T O ~ 3~ TI 0
YXCHEITb, CAeAyeT CAeAaTb BbIBOPOTKY BLIBOPOTKM (EI IIOCMOTPeTb, K a K 3 T 0 6 y ~ BLIrNI-
e ~
33%B H O p M U b H O M npe.LJcTaBAeHaa - YepHbIM H a ~ ~ A o M I)I .p o 6 e ~ b 1M e m a y CAOBaMElH
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M M Ka3aTbCX CAULUKOM IlIkipOKMMII, 3TOM)' AOAXeH COOTBeTCTBOBaTb W HHTep-
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srHoroe Apyroe B m o r p a + m e , W e a n b H o e c o o m o r u e H a e H ~ B O ~ M O X H OH&TH H a s K p a H e ,
r o s K o 11p06~a5-1 nevam npa BJJCOKOM pa3pemewa n o K a m e T , K o r A a B ~ yI r a ~ a n ~ .

0 6 ~ BeCb ~ 0 B OTfieAbHOM ~ A O KH M~e e T OAMH Ii TOT Xe HHTepAMHbXX. B aKUH-

~ TeKCT
AeHTHOM ~ a 6 o p e(display type) 3 T 0 H e BCerAa TaK. PHC.9.11 EtlJdOCTpIIpYeT AaHHOe YTBep-
XAeHue. ~ O C K O A ~ KmY a 6enoro 3HaYliTeAbHO 6 o ~ b m npa e EICIIOAb30BaHMII KpyIlHbIX
KerAefi, PaCCTOXHEle M e X A y CTPOKaMa aKUEiAeHTHOr0 L U ~ M M
~ OTX e~T Ka3aTbCR HepaBHO-
MePHbIM. CTp0~a6e3 HUXHEIX BbIHOCHbIX 3AeMeHTOB, KaK H a PEICYHKe, C03,LlaeT BIIeYaTAe-
HMe ~ a 6 p a 1 i ~ oC fO T ~ I I B K O ~ CTPOKM
~. 6 e 3 IIpOnMCHbIX 6yK~M 6e3 B e p X H W BLIHOCHbIX
3AeMeHTOB I I p O U 3 B O A ~TOT me B++~KT.
CTOAKH~BIIMC~ c no~o6aoGcmyamef, C T a p a ~ e A b ~ b~I fa 6 o p w Ha a~w H a e T <<HrpaTb*
o ~ ycnoaaa, TO ~ o n y h b ~ a 5 - 1cema n o 3 ~ o n r r ae K~ U E i n e m o M y m p a + ~ y~ O K I I -
c ~ a 6 o p (npa
J a nm a p mmmo qac$-m). 3 q m e c m K p m e p a e M 3 ~ e c ab y m , a o m e H a e
TaKOlW EIHTepAMHbBXa, KOTO~LG K a 3 U C R 6b1 PaBHOMepHbIM He3aBEICHMO OT er0 WCAOBOrO
Nobody gets golf like s ~ a ~ e n~ om~ . o 6 ~~aac T p o i i ~MaO X ~ T n o ~ p e 6 o ~ a ~
MHOrO BpeMeHH, HOTOM)' T O eCAM HeAOCTaTOK OYeBM-
Garden Gate Links. If AeH, TO ~ 0 6 b ero
1 Hcnpasm, n o ~ p e 6 y m ~ ~c aH ~ Y H T ~ A
your game goes soul; H b I e YCMAkiR. ~ Y H K TTYAP HAM FIYHKT C D A a 3aYaCTyH)

talk to the GGL pros. npo6ne~bH

x e peIIIMT.

Nobody gets golf like

Garden Gate Links. If
your game goes sour,
talk to the GGL pros.
PMC. 9.11. Bce c r p o r t a B B e p x -
H e M a 6 3 a u e U M e l o T OAEKHaKO-
B ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ B KyI ~WaL 3I Xa ~ e KaK
BLIC N H T e P A U H b X X , XOTX BM3Y-
M L H O 3 T 0 H e TBK. OTCYTCTBN~
pemo 6bmae~HCKjUOYJiTeAbHO IIAOTHblM. B H e M 0 6 b m 0
BLIHOCHLIX 3 A e M e H T O B M e X A y
BTOPOC U T p e T b e G CTPOKaMU
3PUTeALHO YBeAHZiUBaeT U H T e p -
AHHLRX. B H U X H e M a 6 3 a u e UH-
T e P A U H b R X M e m y 3THMU CTPO-
K a M U YMeHLIlIeH AAR TOTO, W O -
6 ~ 01 6 e c n e ~ i n ~ BbH 3 Y a A L H O e
PaBeHCTBO ~ ~ C C T O R H UM
G e m y
BCeMH CTpOKaMH
B A ~ H H O M K o m e K c r e nemel~crnosa~ii( n o n - t e x t ) o s ~ a ~ a e
~ a 6 o Hp e CIIAOXLIHO~OT e K c r a (running-text),a ~ a 6 mcmc- ,
KOB, nepewefi u T. n., TO e m K p a m m nopwji HH+OP-
M m , KOTOPbEi n p 0 6 ~ e ~yb~ 1 o 6 o m a e ~ o TmE ,M -
ykmHaAbHbIe B W H b E i TeKCTaX, H e O C O ~ ~ H HBXKHbI.
O
m , H a PHC. 9.12, ~ a 6 o p
He-
6 o ~ e eK O p o l X H e CTpOKLI, COOTBeTCTBeHHO MOHCeT 6 b m
yMeHbureH M m r r e p m m . K ~ npasmo,
K B T ~ K M Xw F a -
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B H e C K O A b K O KOAOHOK
n p o 6 ~ e p~a aB H 0 ~ e p H 0 f TeKCIYpbI
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HOK. B e n b TeKCT H e PaCIIOAaraeTCR B BaKyyMe, U er0 TeK-
6enoro IIpOCTpaHCTBa
C T y p a AOIIOAHReTCR T ~ K C T Y P O ~
BOKPY. H a n p n ~ e pIUUpOKMe
, noM MOrYT IIPOTHBOPe-
YUTb TeKCTY C YBKUMM n p o 6 e n a ~M ~Y3KHM UHTePAMHb-
RXCM, A r n e K O r A a COOTHOIIIeHHR M e X A y K e r A e M , +0p-
MaTOM CTpOKU U UHTePAMHbRXeM B I l p e n e A a X KOAOHKM
K a X y T C R 6 n a r o n p ~ m ~ b L1U~U ~P O
. K H ~HOAOCLI ~ ~ A L I X
none% B o K p y r T a m x KOAOHOK C O B A ~ H I T B n e s a T n e H H e
nadzpobna~xm u m (tombstone), n o T o M y YTO ~ A O T H L I ~ ~
< < q s e T Brupn+~an p e s p a u a e T KOAOHKH T e K c T a H a crpa-"Text-only" manuscripts,
preparing, 98
~ a 4 Be cepbxe MOHOAUT~I. Thin space, 4, 23
KOAOHKH CHaVElAa BOCIIPUHMMBWTCII ~ ~ C T P ~ K T H ~ I Thin
- weight, 54
Tight-but-not-touching spacing,
MU r p a + ~ n e ~ K E i M U 3AeMeHTaMU, a yXe IIOTOM TeKCTOM
for display type, 52, 53
f i n s W e H a s . Korna nons H a c T p a H H q a x IUUPOKII, TO u Tilde, 66
Time
0 6 ~ ~<<qBeT*f i IIIpll+~a38 C g e T K e r A R U UHTepAUHbX- abbreviations for. 76-77
Xa A O A X e H UM COOTBeTCTBOBaTb. small caps for refLrences to, 78
~ O A O ~ H X ~i 0 6 p a 3 0 ~n p o 6 e ~ M
I?M a e~X A y KOAOH- Titles
capitals in, 77-78
KaMIx CAeiJyeT 6 b 1 ~ bB r a p M O H U U C T ~ K C T Y P OTeKCTa
~~ Ii +hlay faces for, 54
~UHPMHO n ~o~~ e f(PUC.
i 9.13).M C T P ~ H U UB~q e A o M AOA- 1 clung, 79
uotation marks for, 76
X H a 6 b 1 ~ bT ~ P M O H H S H O ~ a~ ,KOAOHKU COSeTaTbCX A p Y r ~ o ~ J defined,
e, 106
C A p y r O M A M TOrO, w 0 6 b 1 CO3AaBaTb B n e s a T A e H U e Top-alignment, 6 , 4 2 4 3
eAIiHCTBa, a H e COeI[EiHeHIiSl Pa3HOPOAHbIX 3AeMeHTOB.
PMC. 9.12. Y ~ a s a ~ e nnTn~ ~ A U -
6 o n ~ m eI I a n O M U H a I O T cnuc-
ULI
K U , q e M C I I A O U ~ H OT~e K C T , II03TO-
Business Leaders G e t MY U H T e P A N H b X X M O X H O Y M e H b -
Down to Business (at Last) 6e3 onaceHm ~X~ALIIUTL
~ U T L
y ~ o 6 0 ~ u ~ a e ~Bo 3cT ~O Mb Y. K a -
s a m e q u + r K e r m 10 n M e e T mr-
T e p x a i m , ~ ~ B H L9,5
G nyHIcra

PMC. 9.13. Ha r ~ p u s e n e a ~roa i-

THO% crpmnue npo6en~1 Mem-
Ay K O A O H K a M B C A U U I K O M IIINPO-
K N , IXO3TOMY K O A O A K U K B X Y T C X
C T O X w M M U O T A e A L H O APYI' OT
A p y r q BMeCTO TOrO, ~ 6 IIpeA~
- 1
C T a B A X T L ~ A U S ~ ~L AI O~ KT e K C T a .
Ecnn 6 y
~ 1T e K C T a 1 l p a B b 1 i i ~pa2
P B ~ H L I M TO
~ L I A , p e 3 y ~ ~~L ~I Aa ~
6 ~ ewe
1 xyme, n o c K o n b K y n p o -
6enb1M e K a y K O A O A K a M n C T U U
6 ~ ewe
1 mnpe
188 Yacmb II. K ~ sepcmama
K mexcm

E C ~ InI p o 6 e ~ M
~ 1e m a y KOAOHKaMM UMLLIKOM IUEI-
POKM, KOAOHKH BbIrARAXT OTAeAbHbIMH TeKCTOBLIMH
ECAH
~AOK~MH . npo6en~rCAHUIKOM Y3KM, TO 3 T 0 CKa-
3bIBaeTCR H a ~ ~ O ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ M O C T I I f ,A a 3 3 a X -
nOCKOAbKy
B a T b I B a e T TeKCT Ei3 C O C ~ A KOAOHKM
H ~ ~ BCRKM~~ pas, KOr-
aa A o c m r a e T K o H q a CTPOKH.

-
T m o r p a 4 M ~ a TO C m o m H b I e " e w > >~,~ T a w i c eHwUHO?,.
Type Sizes BCRM H ~ o P M B I ~ H RI ' I p e A b I A ~ H XP a 3 A e A O B TOG r A a B L I
OTHOCNTCX K + O P M ~ ~ A ~ H L I M
I I a p a M e T p a M , HO H PHCYHOK

Type Sizes m p H + ~ aTaKme cnoco6ea ~ ~ o r o o 6 p a Bs A~MoX T ~H a

OCHOBHbIe n a p a M e T p M : K e r A b , H H T e P N i H b R X H ~POPM~T
Type Sizes KOAOHKH.

Type Sizes AHTEIKB~,

KerAb

Type Sizes H + O ~ M ~KOAOHKH

T
K e r ~ bO n p e a e n n e T c X B ~ I C O T O~erenbnoii
~~ nno4aAm,
Type Sizes coaepxaxueii m p ~ + ~ o ~ 3o i~i a B~ npeaenax . Kerenb-
H O nA04a+??KH
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Type Sizes MeHRKlTCR O s e H b IIIZipOKO. Ha PMC. 9.14 l l O K a 3 a H b I n p U -

PHC. 9.14. Bce CTPOKU ~ a 6 p a -
HI,I OAHUM K e r n e M u c
KOBbIM UHTepAUHbRXeM.
S T 0 HaCbIU[eHHOCTb, IIINPUHB,
POCT IIPOnUCHbIX U CTPO'IHbIX
~ Y K BBAURIOT H a BOCnpURTUe
p a s ~ e p al u p u + ~ aH a c r p a H u u e .
M e p b I TaPHHTYP, H ~ ~ P ~ H H OAHUM
MX K e r A e M , XOTR B 3 T 0
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o f
Gpoc, HeAb3R OI'palIHYHBaTbCR TOAbKO U H ~ P O B ~ I M3NH a -
OAUHa-
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RCHO,
BOBMOXHO,CiWIOe 60nbLU0e BAHSHHe H a 3PHTeAbHO

n a p a ~ e ~ p b KOTOPbIe
1, IIOAXO- ~ 0 ~ ~ k m I i M a e M
p a b3 M
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ART AAX O A H O ~TaPHUTYPhI, CTPOYH~IX ~ Y K B POCT

. (x-height)~ Y K B - TO P a c c T o m M e
M O T H e rOAUTbCR AAB ~pyroH OT ~ I I H H ML U P H + T ~ (baseline) no cpea~eiiAHHE~H(mean
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~ Y K B , KOTOPbIX 0TC)TCTBYIOT BbI-
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~ analcoo (set width - < < m H p I i H a~ a 6 o p as~m) a e T H a ~ a r n y wca
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J.IIPEI~$T~I C03AaIOT B I I e Y a T A e H U e CKYYeHHOCTH, KiUKeTCR, W O CTpOKH AAHHHee, Y e M H a
CaMOM A e A e . d A S I T o r 0 Y T 0 6 b 1 KOMIIeHCHpOBaTb 3TOT ~++C?KT, Y3KHe I J I p H ~ T b 1C A e A y e T
~ a 6 H p a ~~ obA ~ I I I H M
K e r A e M HAM HCIIOAb3OBaTb M e H b U I y l o LUUPMHY IIOAOCbI ~ a 6 0 p aHe-
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KOTOPbIe KHMrHO LUPH+T~XIIpeAAaraHYT CIIpaBOVHbIe ~ a 6 ~ 1 l b 1B ,KOTOPbIX CPaBHHBaIOT-
CR l i p H H b I pa3AIIYHbIX ILI~H+ToB, H 3TEl AaHHbIe M O T IIOMOYb I I p H I I p e ~ ~ a p H ~ e h b ~ O f i
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~ A M KiUKAOrO KOHKPeTHOrO LUPH+TB.
O ~ H ~ H T U ~ OIIO
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, CYAXT 0 UIHPHHe J.IIPH+TB, RBASIeTCR AAUHa U + ~ B H T ~
CTPOYH~IX ~ Y K B6e3 n p o 6 e ~ o ~ p
(CM. ~ c 5.2).
. C ~ p o ~ ~U o+ ~fBiH T cmanaapm~ozo(standard)
H ~ ~ O ~ HI I IO Oa 3 a H H M a e T OKOAO 13 K e r e A b H b I X (ems). &R I I I ~ H + T K
p H~@ T ~ e r A R 10 A h H -
H a U + a B I i T a COCTCtBXT OKOAO 130 IIYHKTOB. n 0 ~ b 3 y R ~3b~ 0 f i~ e p o f i MbI , M O X e M y6e-
AHT~CII, TO r a 3 e ~ ~ b IIIPH+T~I,
1e T a m e , K a K Times Roman (Linotype), ~ e i i c m ~ ~ e n b ~ o
y 3 K H e , IIOCKOAbKy y I M X C T ~ O Y H O&~% C ~ ) ~ B HKTe r A R 10 3 a H H M a e T BCerO 118 W K T O B .
A ~ ~ a c c ~ s eH ca 6 0~p H~b 1ff ii ILIPH+T, H a n p H M e p , Garamond (Monotype), s a ~ ~ l ~ a e ~
127 IIYHKTOB, TOYHO IIOIIEtAasI B C T ~ H A ~ P T HA H~ aI I~I a~3 0 H . K IIIHPOKHM OTHOCRTCR T a K H e
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140 IIYHKTOB. TO A ~ ~ ~ c T B H T ~ AI I~I H PoO K H ~ IIIPM+T,~ H YKa3aHHj'IO O C O ~ ~ H H O CIIpH-T~
AeTCR K O M n e H C H p O B a T b I I p H ~ a 6 o p e .
~ O C K O A ~ KKHHr,
Y KOTOPbIe C O A e p X a T CTOAb IIOAe3HYIO H H ~ O P M ~ ~ E I0H LUUPHHe
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ILIPH+TOB, O Y e H b M U O , TO B a M C A e A y e T BbIIIOAHXTb 3 T H BbIYHCAeHHR CaMOCTOXTeAbHO.
Y 6 e ~ m e c b T, O O T K N O s e H b I CtBTOMaTHYeCKHe K e p H H H r H TpeKHHI'. ECAH AALIIIa CTpOYHOrO
790 Yacma II. K a x sepcmama meKcm

Linotype Raleigh Light a h + a ~ E i T a OTAHYaeTCX OT 13 K e r e A b H b I X 6 o ~ e eY, e M H a

Bauer Futura Light 5%,B a M c n e n y e T TO H i w e n B BUAY npti o n p e A e n e H t i t i
Bitstream Cooper Light KWAX U E P o ~ M ~KOAOHKU.
T~
ITC Garamond Light
ITC Novarese Book
ITC Garamond Book Ha 3PUTeAbHYIO O U e H K y BeAUYHHbl XLIpti+Ta TaKXe
O K a 3 b I B a e T BAHXHtie HaCbIUIeHHOCTb LUTpUXOB (stroke
PMC. 9.15. YPOBHH
HaCbIWeH- weight), U A a X e 3 p U T e A b H O e BOCIIpUXTHe H ~ ~ O P H ~ I X
HOCTM, KOTOPbIe XapaKTepU3Y-
U I ~ U + T O B (TO e C T b XLIPII+TOB, KOTOPbIe H e CYUTaIOTCR
IOT m p n + ~ ,YacTo He onpene-
HU IIOAYmJ.IPHbIMU, HII X U P H ~ I M U ) M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ b
pa3HbIM.
hRIoT UCTUHHYIO HaCbIWeHHOCTb
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HasepTaHue o n ~ o frapHnTypbx
i c L I r y e H H e e , Y e M H e K o T o p b r e < < c p e A H x e D( < c m e d i u m n ) tim
MOXeT 6bm HaCbqeHHee, YeM ~ H O P M W H b I e *(aregUl~N) ( ~ u c .9.15). Eionee HaCbIWeH-
H a v e p a m e cpemefi H a w e m i @ H b I e LUTpUXti nptiAiLIOT XLIPEI+T~M B n e Y a T A e H H e 60hb-
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HOG HaCbII4eHHOCIX ABYX rapHII-
mero K e r m , Y e M ux p e a n b ~ ~p~a iai~ e p~, O J T O M YK HEM
~yH p a caMoM Aerie o 6 n ~ a m H W O OTHOCUTbCX HeCKOAbKO XHaYe, Y e M K M e H e e HaCbI-
PXlHbIM a4BeTOMn I ~ I P U ~ WeHHbIM. MX C A e A y e T BOCnPHHUMaTb TPK, K a K eCAU 6 b 1
OHU H a CaMOM A e A e UMeAPi GOA~UIYIO HaCbImeHHOCTb.

r p O T e C K a CIIpaBeAAHBbI T e Xe BbIBOAbI, IT0 ti AAX

aHTHKBb1. XOTXIXpllAeTCX F e C T L TOT + ~ K T , YTO r p 0 -
T ~ C K H ~LUPEI+T,
IE H a 6 p a ~ ~ bO I C~ ~ I ' I H ~KI H
MU X H b I M K e r -
A e M , H e CTOAb A e r K O Y I l T a T b K a K aHTMKBY. npaB,L(a, pas-
H M y a H e ChilUrKOM BeAUKa, E w a Y e fpOTeCKHbIe XLIpti+Tb1
~ p H I U A O C L6b1 HCKAH3YtiTb ti3 O ~ C ~ X ~ C A ~ H H R .
OCHOBHO~
pa3AUYUe TeKCTypHOe. AHTMKB~HH
IIIPII+T~I C O ~ A ~ Ko~nTp e n e n e H H y m ~ O P U ~ O ~ ~ I , H YTeK-
X)
q y , KOTOpafI TXHeTCX B,L(OAb AHHEIH XLIpti+Ta M BeAeT
B 3 r W no CTpOKe. ~ P O T ~ C K H ~ILIPM~$T~M
IM 6onee npticy-
U I a BepluKaAbHOCTb, EI ~ a 6 o H
pe 0 6 n ~ a eTOG
r Te~crypof,
KOTOpaJI e C T b y BHTUKBbI. & l i H ~ b I e CTPOKEI K a X F C X
ewe A M H H e e , K O r A a ~ a 6 p a ~ rpOTeCKOM.
b 1
~ ~ O T ~ C m
Kp H
E I +~ ~ Ib 1~, K O T O p b I e YaCTO MCIIOAb3y-
KIT AAX ~ a 6 o p aT e K C T a ( ~ ~ P H E I T YFutura,
P~I Frutiger
Pi Univers), EIMeKIT AOCTaTOqHbIe IIINpEIHbI EI npo6e-
AbI, H e C 0 3 A a K I w E I e B I I e S a T A e H H X CXaTOCTH. T o H K E I ~
I i Y3KEIe r p O T e C K U ~ p e 6 y m6 o~ ~ e BeH U M a T e A b H O r O OT-
HOIIIeHEIX. The camp that night was a
merry one. They tit fires and
I T p a ~ k i n an o a c K a O I I T E I M ~ A ~ H O ~~ nonocb1
IIIEIPEIH~I burned the short scrub, which
~ a 6 o p aAASl FpOTeCKOB M O T 6b1m pa3HbIMM, HO BCe grew in thick masses around
them. They filled their pipes
OHH B K o H q e KOHUOB onpenemmx CTPOKY H a 10-20% and smoked the moss that grew
at their feet. Never before had
K o p o s e , s e M AAX a H a n o r K r H o r o ~ a 6 o p a~ H T E I K B O ~ ~ .
they been so happy.
ECAH~ a 6 E I p a T br p O T e C K O M TY me CTPOKY, T O Ei aHTU-
KBOE,TO C A e A y e T YBeAHYHTb K e F A b , IIO ~ p a f i ~ eMf ei p e , The camp that night was a
merry one. They lit fires and
Ha 1 IIYHKT. burned the short scrub,
which grew in thick masses
around them. They filled
their pipes and smoked the
moss that grew at their feet.
Never before had they been
so happy.
OW~BEIAHO,YTO OT r a p H ~ p b I 3 a B E I C U T~b160p
KWAX U
+ o p ~ aKOAOHKM,
~ HO TO me cnpaaenmao EI AAX EIH- PEIC. 9.16. E o n b u r o i i p o c ~
CrpO'IHbIX GYKB )'BeAU'IflBaeT BII-
TepAHHbXXa. K o r ~ MeHXeTCX
a K e r A b EI I $ o ~ M ~T
KOAOH-
3 y a ~ b ~ b 1pf a
i 3~ep
m p u + ~ a .Co-
KEI, A O N K e H MeHXTbCX EI EIHTePAMHbXX. HO Y rapHEI-
OTBeTCTBeHHO 3TOMY H ~ O ~ X O A M -
MO YCTaHaBAHBaTb UHTePAUHb-
fix. 0 6 a a6saua ~ a 6 p a H b 1
O A HE13~3 W a Y EIHTepAEIHbXXa - CO3AaHMe rOpEI- KerAeM 10, HO B ~ P X H Ha63au,
~~
~ a 6 p a ~ ~ brap~u'rypoii
1 f i Adobe
3 0 H T a A b H O r O IIyTEl AAX mas, IIO KOTOPOMY OHM B 0 3 B P a - Garamond, M M e e T MHTePAflHb-
IQaIoTCX K Ha%3AY CTPOKEI. f i E I 3 a f i ~ LUPEI+TB MOXeT X X 11 IIYHKTOB, a H U X H e M y a6-
B A H X T ~H a IIIEIPEIHY 3~01-onym. UIPEII$T~I
c B~ICOKMM say, H ~ ~ ~ ~ H Hr O
a pM
~ fYl ~ y p o f i

, anpMMep, O ~ ~ I S H~
POCTOM CTpOYHbIX ~ Y K B H Ope6y10~
Simoncini Life, n o ~ p e 6 o ~ a ~ c f i
U H T e p A U H b f i X 12 IIYHKTOB, 'ITO-
n o n o m e ~ ~ . ~EoI Ir1oT e p m m m i a @UC. 9.16).A c ~pyroii 6 6 1 AOCTfl'Ib T o r 0 Xe W B e T a , ,
CTOPOH~I, ILIPEI*I c ~ e 6 0 h b ~ l k POCTOM
1~ H ~ X , T ~ ~ T C XW ~ H + T ~
B CIIeUPiahbHbIX H ~ C T ~ O ~ ~3aK PiCKADYeHPieM
~ X , K p a f i ~ H xCAyYaeB, KOrAa T ~ ~ ~ Y ~PiH-
T C X
TepAPiHbXX yXe, ' I e M O~~I'IHO.
P a 3 ~ e p b BbIHOCHbIX
l 3AeMeHTOB T P K X e HaAO YYPiTbIBaTb. Y HeKOTOPbIX raPHPiT)'P
AOCTaTOZIHO AAPiHHbIe BbIHOCHbIe 3AeMeHTb1, ZIT0 A e A a e T ~ a 6 o p. 6 e 3 IIInOH)) HellpMeMAe-
MbIM, IlOTOMy YTO BbIHOCHbIe 3AeMeH"ibl O ~ H O CTPOKH
C M O T KaCaTbCX BbIHOCHbIX 3 A e -
MeHTOB ~pyr0fiCTPOKX.
B ~ ~ e p h P i ~ b XBNleTCff
f f X B a X H b I M UHCTPYMeHTOM YllPaBAeHPiB <<UBeTOM))TeKCTa H a
CTpaHPiue, I'lO3TOMy AhcI r a p H u T y p C 6 o n b r u e i i HaCbILUeHHOCTbi-0 IUTPHXOB T P ~ ~ Y ~ T)B
' eC
- R
A H Y ~ H H PiHTepAHHbXX
~ I ~ ~ AAX TOrO, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 OCBeTAUTb <<UBeT))TeKCTOBOrO ~ A O Pi
K CAe-
~
AaTb eI'0 M e H e e IlAOTHbIM. EAOKHTeKCTa AOAXHbI UMeTb OTYeTAPiBOe r O P H 3 0 H T U b H O e
a 3 e p ~ 0 ) ) ,a AAX T o r o , ~ ~ 0 6 0b 61 e c n e ~ ~
3TOT
~ b KT KT C I I O M O ~ b D6onee H a C b I 4 e H H b I X
I~IPH+TOB, H ~ O ~ X O A H MYBeAH'IHBaTb
O MHTePAPiHbRX.
Ilepenoc u s a ~ ~ ~ w n l c(hyphenation
a' and justification,
COKpaUJeHHO H&J) - +YHKUEIEI, KOTOPbIe MCIIOAb3YIOT-
CX K O M ~ ~ H ) T ~n~p H
o rO
p a~M ~ 0 f iA M BrOHKH TeKCTa
B CTPOKY. CaMbIe HeIIpIITR3aTeAbHbIe TeKCTOBbIe
p e A a K T O p b I p a C n O A X a I O T HeKOTOpbIM no,a061ie~3 ~ 0 %
+YHKIJMII, B e A b T a K MAM MHaYe CAOBa Pi ~ Y K B p~a 3
I Me-
WaIoTca B cTpoKe. OAHHM
~3 n o ~ a ~ a ~ eK~
aYe efc im a
IIpOI'paMMbI XBAXeTCX Y p O B e H b YnpaBAeHPiR 3TPiMH
npoueccaMPi. kI XOTR ~ O A L ~ H H C T B nOp o r p a M M B e p c T -
KPi0 6 e c n e ~ ~ AOBOAbHO
~ a e ~ CAOXCHbIe iVWOpMTMbI PaC-
CTaHOBKM nepeHOCOB M BbIKAIOYKEI, PiCCAeAOBaHUR no-
KasbIBaIOT, 9 T O OKOAO 90%I I o A b 3 0 ~ a T e A e fHHKOrAa H e
np2iMeHRIoT 3TM B03MOXCHOCTII, a CAenyIOT YCTaHOBKaM
no yMOAYaHIIIO, KOTOPbIe I I p l i X O A m BMeCTe C I I p O r p a M -
~ o f i HO
. npmqxn <<OAMHp a 3 ~ e pAAX B c e x n H a K o r A a
H e p a 6 o ~ a eu~o, c o 6 e ~ B
~ ~oP i n o r p a + u ~ e~. ~ H Hma-
M
B a nOCBRrrleHa TOMY, K a K IlPaBPiAbHO p a 3 M e r U a T b TeKCT
B CTpOKe.

B ~ ~ u w n x(justification)
a~ - TO npoqecc s a n o m e ~ l i ~
~ P U + T O M II n p o 6 e n a ~ ~ o n p e n e ~ e ~ ~AoA iMiH ~ I .
CTPOK
Ilepenoc c ~ o a(hyphenation) - TO cnoc06, n o M o r a m -
WMfi 6 o ~ e e ~ + + ~ K T I I B H O 3alTOAHkfl-b CTPOKY, COCTOR-
~ ~ H a 'iilCTM, YTO 0 6 h e r ~ a BbI-
4 M f i B p a 3 6 1 l e ~CAOBB e~
PaBHPiBaHHe n p a B O r 0 K p U CTPOKPi.
K a m ~ CTpOKa
u TeKCTa BbIKAIoYaeTCX no LUMpUHe
(HAM@ 0 p ~ a ? ynOAOCbI
) ~ a 6 o p a .TO npOTMBOpeYMBOe
 Even lines that don't y T s e p w e H k i e , nocKo&Ky UOBO 6 b ~ m w ~ e n n b(justified)
~ii
appear to fill their measure OTHOCIlTCX K TeKCTJ', B KOTOPOM K a X V W l cTpOKa nOAHOC-
TbIO 3 a n o m ~ e T
nOAOCy ~a6opa,OCTX3hRR POBHbIe BepTEI-
are in fact justified; it's just KahbmIe noM cnpasa H mesa. Ho n a x e ~ O K H KOTO- ,
that the ends of the lines p b I e H e 3 m O N W O T A 0 KOHUa nOAOCy ~a6opa, H a CaMOM
are filled out to the margin nene B ~ I K A I C I Y ~ C (PHC. SI 10.I), ~ P O C T Oo m A o n o m m T -
with space,When such text CcI n p o 6 e n a ~ (UU~I-). Korna Xe TeKCT BbIKXOYaeT-
crr c 0 6 p a 3 o s a ~ POBH~IX ~ e ~ no~efi,TO o c T a B m e e c x H e 3a-
is set with justified margins,
nomemoe T e K c r o M npocrpmmo pacnpenemmcx no
this space is distributed cTpOKe TOTO, ~ 0 paCTXH)Tb
6 ~ TeKCT A 0 r p W J l b I
among the word and letter n o n o c b r . P a c n p e n e n e ~ x l eworo npo6ena3 H s s h R e T c r r 3 a -
spaces on each line. naqeii ~ o ~ m b r n e p ~+ o~ Hi K i W H n e p e H o c a u B~~KNOYKEI.

PUC. 10.1. KZIXA~R

H ~ ~ P ~ H H ~ R
-
c T p o K a 3 a n o ~ ~ e ~K Ba L I K A H ) -
reEIan, H a pacyme npo6e~bsb1e
IIInaYIlU B b I A e A e H b I . Korna
T e K C T H ~ ~ H P ~ ~C TI ICp a R
BbIM IIpouecc n e p e H o c a H B~IICNOYKE~MOXHO P a c c M a q m B a n
P B a H b I M K p a e M , OCTaBUIUeCX K a K A H U O r B H W H K O M n b I o T e p a , KOTOP~IGIIPOHCXO-
npo6enb1~ ~ ~ ~ H O C RK TK OC HX4 y AHT, n O K a BbI ~ a 6 H p a e ~
TeKCT.
e &iZkA0r HaYHHaeTCX,
C T p O K H . Korna r p a H E i q b 1 n 0 A e G K o r n a H y m H o n p u ~ u ~ peuenue
a ~ b o b o ~ o p u e n u uxonya
B b I p a B H U B a l o T C R , T O 3TU npo6e-
A ~ PI a c n p e n e n R m T c x Memny
cmpoxu (end-of-linedecision). 403 ~ 0 r oM o M e m a , B CAY-
~ ~ K B ~U M UB a M U
CAO
qae npoc~efimeroc u e H a p m , n p o r p a M M a n p o c T o c m -
T a e T ITIUpEIHbI 3HaKOB H CKAaAbIBaeT HX, a CYMMY BblYH-
T a e T H 3 ILlkIpHHbI nOAOCbI ~ a 6 0 p a . H a C T p a e T MOMeHT,
Korna B ~ ~
I a6apae~
c en o ~ o K
, oTopoe He y M e u a e T c x
B O C T ~ B U I ~ ~ ~YaCTH
CII CTPOKH. ~ P H U I A OB p e M X P e m a T b .
Korna TeKyLLlU CTpOKa ~ a 6 u p a e C~PBaHbIMc~ Kpa-
e M (T. e. T e K c T y p a 3 p e r n a e ~ H
c~ non-
e 3 a n o m m b CTPOKY
HOCT~K)),3TOT f l H U O r y K p U CTpOKH M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bnp0-
CTbIM H KOPOTKHM. ~ A TRe K C T a , n O K a 3 a H H O r O
10.2, OH 3 B y 9 H T CAe.4YIOLLlHM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ :
H a pHC.
- CAOBO constitutes o Y e m , g n H s H o e H H e y ~ e r u a e ~ c a
B q O K e IIOAHOCTbK). ~ ~ P ~ H
B OO~ M
COX~H?
- H~T.
- BOBMOXHO
Mi E13MeHeHIle LLIElPEiH ~ H ~ K O B ?
- H~T.
- B O ~ M Ohu~mame
O MeXX.AOBHbIX P l / h H MGK~YKBw-
npo6eno~?
HbIX
- Aa.
- H ~ C K O AMOXHO
~KO CXEiMaTb MeXCAOBHLIe IIpO-
6e~1,1?
- Halo%.
- H a c ~ o h b MOXHO
~ o C X H M a T b M ~ X ~ Y K B ~ H Hnp0-
LI~
6e~a1?
- Ha3%.
- O c ~ a s a s c bB B T ~ Xnpenenax, M o m e T AH cno~o
constitutes y M e c T m c s H a c ~ p o ~ e ?
- H~T.
- C O X ~ ~ H S D ?n p o 6 e n b 1 HeI13MeHHbIMM, 3aKOHYEITb
C T ~ O K Ynocne a o s a which u n e p e h H a HOB~KJ
CTPOKY.

The unity of government which constitutes

The unity of government which j'

constitutes you one people is also
now dear to you. j
I

BO comlstitutes He yMeryaeTcFl B OT-

The unity of government which con-' senemoe Mecro Ha mporce. K x o e
stitutes you one people is also now n p m i p e~m e~~ ~~ ol epa3pb1-
dear to you. ~e crpom, ~a~ucrrr OT n a p a ~ e ~ p o ~
nepeHocoB u B ~ I K N O ~ ~ ~
 B ~ a 6 o p eC B L I K A I ~ Y K O no
~~ ~ P o ~ M(UAM~ Tno~~MptiHe)nM&AOr CTaHOBUTCSi 6onee
npMMepa, ~ 3 0 6 p m e ~ ~HoarpHC.
CAOXHLIM. &ff o 10.2, AH&AOr MOXeT HpOTeKaTL npu-
MepH0 TaK:
- CAOBO ~0nstiblte ~
OYeHL AAMHHOe M H e YMeUlaeTCffB CTpOKe. n e p e H 0 ~B O ~ M O X ~ H ?
- Ja.
- IIepe~ocB L I I I O A ~no chosapx, UAU no WOPK~MY?
- Paspemae~cxnepeHoc no cnosapm, nepeHoc no anropuTMy HeT.
- MOXHOp a 3 6 u ~ a ~ b
CAOBO constitutes?
- Aa: con-sti-tutes.
- CKOALKO cnoroB m m c A ~ + I I C noMecmn B OcTaBmeMcx npocrpascrae?
- OAUH CAOr n m c c ( ~ + H c p e m c r r 6e3 exam MeXCAOBHbIX M~X~YKB~HHLX
npo6eno~.
- Paspemae~cxAH cmaTue npo6eno~?
- Aa.
- H~CKOALKO
MOXHO CXUMaTL MeXCAOBHLIe npo6en~x?
- Ha 10%.
- Hac~ohb~
MOXHO
o CXHMan M ~ X ~ Y K B ~ H Hnp06en~13
LI~
- Ha 3%.

- OCT~BUTL npo6eno~M n p u 6 a s m ~ e + a c .CKOALKO

OAUH CAOr C O ~ L I S H ~ I M IlyCTOrO
IIpOCTpaHCTBa OCTUOCb B C T O K ~ ?
- 2,115 IIyHKTa.
- K ~ K OnopsaoK
B pacnpeneneam ocTasurerocrr n p o c ~ p a n c r ~ C
a ?~ a s a n aB Memcnon-
HLIe npo6enb1? CHaYaha B M ~ X ~ Y K B ~ H HnLpI o~ 6 e ~ ~ Pacnpenenm
1? paBHOMepH0
MeXAy TeMH U AP)THMH?
- C ~ a s a n apacnpenenm M e x A y CAOB~MM.
- H~CKOALKO MOXHO YBeAHYMTb MeXCAOBHLIe npo6en~1?
- Ha 15%.
 3 T 0 BCWO AMIIIb YIIPOUXeHHlUI IIOCAeAOBaTeAb-
HOCTb peXLleHMfi, HO O H a UAAmCTpMpyeT HeKOTOpLIe
CUTYaUUH, KOTOPbIe M O T B03HMKHYTb BO B p e M R pa-
60m1n p O r p a M M b 1 , BKAIOYaJI OIIpeAeAeHMe AHaIIa3OHa
U3MeHeHMR npo6eno~M e X A y CAOBaMM M ~ ~ K B ~MM M
nepeaoc CAOB.

~ P O U ~ CMC o x e T n o ~ a ~ a ~ CAOXH~IM,
b c x HO TOT KO-
P O T K U ~c~q e ~ a p ~TOAbKO
fi HAAIOCTpMPYeT, K a K IIpMHM-
MaeTCR peLUeHMe

HOCOB W BbIKAIO'IKM
06 O ~ O P M A ~ H H LKIO H U a CTPOKU.
40 TOrO, KaK BbI BBeAeTe I I e p ~ b 1 63HaK, Q~HKUUR
nepe-
yXe B O O p y X e H a M M ~H ~ ~ ~ O P M ~ -
~ C C O
Looser
qua, 6 o ~ b u r e iria C T b m K O T O P O ~BbI
~ MOXeTe y n p a B m r b .
H a n p a ~ e p s, ~ a ~ e mpeh-unza~ u e (tracking) 6 y ~ e ~
BAMIlTb H a np06es1 M e X A y BCeMM 3HaKaMU CTpOKU.
(Eonee nonpo6~oeo n H c a H x e T o r o , K a K A e f i c ~ ~ Typ e -~
KMHr M KaK MM YIIpaBARTb, C A . 6 U.
BBOAEIMOI'O 3 H a K a +YHKUEIR IIepeHOCOB M BbIKAIO9KM
u c n o ~ ~ s sy ~
17.) &U K a X A O r O

e ~a q e T~p e~K ueH r a Anrr nepepacse-ra WM-

I rahter
PUH BHaKOB, KOTOPbIe I I p O r p a M M a U3BAeYeT M3 IIIpM+-
PHC. 10.3. ECAXn p e n c - r a n m b
ToBoro + a h a . 3 ~ 0B, c B o m o r e p e n b , o n p e A e M e T 06- 3HaKH B IIX K e r e A b H b I X nAOIIJW-
~ U f oi 6 a e ITpOCTpaHCTBa,
~ KOTOpOe 3HaKU 3aHMMaK)T K a X , CTaHOBHTCX IIOHXTHO, K a K
B CTpOKe (PHC. 10.3). T p e ~ u H~er BAUReT H a +OPMY TpeKaar s n a a e T Ha n e p m y . no-
CMMBOAOB, a TOALKO H a 0 6 a e n~p o c - r p a H c m a , K o T o p o e
~ 0 X t t a ~ e A b H b l fTPeKkiIIr
i ~o6an-
AXeT n p o 6 e n b 1 M e X A y KereAb-
OHM 3aHUMaH)T.
HblMH IIAOUlaAKaMU, KOTOPbIe
K p o ~ TOrO,
e K a X n b G pas, K O r n a BbI BBOAUTe 3HaK, npa O ~ L I ~ H O ~Ma 6 0 p eIlpOCTO
(PYHKUMR n e p e H o c a u B ~ I K A ~ ~c T Ka Ip a~e T c x o6~apy- I l p l l M b I K a l o T A p y r K ApJTy.
m m b c o r e T a H n e 3 ~ 0 r o3 ~ a nnmc ~ a n p e ~ u r e c ~ ~ y m u e -n O A H H T e A b ~ I b l e I l p 0 6 e A b 1 H 3 M e -
r0 B T ~ ~ A H I J KC e p H U H r a I I I ~ u ~ T o B o I ' o QaHna. ECAM p r r l o T c a B A O A R X ~ e r e ~ b ~ ~ o f i

TaKarr napa 0 6 ~ a p y x u ~ a e ~TO c an ,p o r p a M M a u a ~ ~ e ~ a( e-m ) . & p X L ( a ~ e A b ~ b l f i T p e K H H r

3aCTaBAXW KereAbHbIe I l h O W W -
e T OTHOCUTeAbHbIe 3HalleHMR ( B ~ I P ~ ~ x ~ H H B
~ IA€ O
! MX
KN HaKAaAblBaTbCX A p y r H a A p y -
~ e r e a ~ o f pi a) c, c Y m L I s a e T ux a 6 ~ 0 A ~ m H b ~l e H ~ ~ ~ H E I ra,
R , 11 ~ H ~ K PI aIc n o h a r a l o T c s AH-
MCXOAR 1i3 B e m n m b I K e r m , M A O ~ ~ B A R TO ~ T3 ~ a r e ~ u e x e npyr K npyry
200 Yacma II. Kax aepcmamb mexcm
Calvin Coolidge said that the
business of America is busi-
ness. But these days, with po-
litical pressures mounting on
American businesses to be
more socially active, and in so
doing branching out well be-
yond their traditional areas of
expertise, we might well add a
corollary to Coolidge's aphor-
ism. To wit, "The business of
American business is busi-
ness."
PMC. 10.4. npll BepCTKe TeK-
CTa nOCTpOYH0, KOrAa He o6pa-
LUaIOT BHUMaHMIl Ha TO, KaK Ha-
nocne Te-
6 p a ~ b 1CTPOKN AO II
~yrye.iic ~ p o ~ n+ Y, H K U ~ X
nepeHocoB n B~IKAKIYKMM o x e T
TOAbKO YXYALUMTb AeAO.
B npennocne~~eii
cTpoKe npH-
BeAeHHOrO IIpPlMepa HeyAa'4HbIe
n p 0 6 e ~ b 1n n e p e H o c B nocne-
AHeM CAOBe. Ecnu 6b1 IIpOrpaM-
Ma y.1IITbIBaAa B IIpOLfeCCe Bep-
C T K ~Becb 863811, TO oHa Ixaruna
6b160nee n p u e m e M b I e saptraH-
TbI p a 3 p b I B a CTPOK (EISM~HIIB
n p o 6 e n b 1 M e X A y CAOBaMPi Pi
~ ~ K B ~ MIII rxIcnro'4ma
I ) yKa3aH-
HbIe IIOrpeLUHOCTH
KepHHHra K o61ueii IIIHpHHe 3 H a K a . ( K e p ~ u 6onee ~r
nonpo6so p a c c M a T p a s a e T c a 6 ZA. I 1.)
Korna CTpOKa 3 a n o n ~ ~ e TTeKCTOM, ca K O T O P L I ~OHa
~
J N ~ ~ 66lmMICU-
B COCTORHHH BMeCTUTL, ~ O C A ~ A Y I O L I TeKCT
aaerncfi (wraps) H a cnenymmyro CTPOKY. TOT npoyecc
lTpOclOhmaeTCX HeIIpepLIBHO H AHHaMHYHO, nOBTOMY,
K o r n a B ~ pIe n a K m p y e T e C T p a H H y y T e K c T a H no6a~me-
T e HAH YLKlAReTe + P ~ ~ M ~ TeKCTa,
H T A O C T ~ T O . I H ~ IYTO-
~~,
6 b 1 C ~ B H H ~c-rpoxa,
T ~ TO n p o r p a M M a M o m e T pearapo-
B a n H a 3 ~ c03 a n o 3 n a ~ ~Benb
e ~ . ~ a m n a czT p o K a a6saua
( H ~ C K O A ~ K MaX6 3 a u e ~ n) o n m H a c H o s a n e p e B e p c T a n c r r
cpeToM n e p e H o c o B H B~IKAIO'IKII.
EOALIIIHHCTBO
FIPOrpaMM BePCTKH OCYUeCTBAReT +YH-
KIJHIO n e p e H o c a u BLIKAIOYKH ~ O C T P O Y H O , H K o r n a 3a-
BepmaeT p a 6 o ~ yc o n ~ o i Ci T P O K O ~ ~T, me
~ T 3a6~1~ae
0 He& H HaYHHaeT H a We,L(yIOIIleji CTpOKe BCe CLI3HOBa.
r ~ l n o ~ e m s e c ~nap ro rr p a M M a , K o T o p a s o n u c a H a B npe-
ALIAyiUeM pasnene, p a 6 o ~ a nep~H M e p H 0 T a K . IIpo6ne-
M a Ta3COTO n 0 n X O g a COCTOHT B TOM, YTO YaCTO CTpOKa
H e M o m e T ~ L I T Lp a 3 ~ e m e OIITHM~ALHO
~ a B npenenax
B TaKOM CAJTae Y I l P O r P a M -
AOCTyIIHOrO IIpOCTpaHCTBa.
MLI ~,L(NHCTB~HH
BLIXOA:
~I~ HapYIIIHTL I I p a B H A a , ~ a 6 ~
p a CTPOKY ChllUIKOM p a 3 p e X e H H O HAM WHIIIKOM IIAOT-
HO (PHC. 10.4). Yame - p a 3 p e m e ~ ~Y0e,M nnomo.
Uporpa~~ MOa X e T T a K X e CBepCTaTL O n H y CTpO-
KY, HCnOAL3YR TOALKO MHHHMaALHLIe 3HaYeHIIR npo6e-
AOB (TBKIIM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ , IIOAyYasl OTHOCHTeALHO IMOTHYK)
C ~ ~ O K Ya) CAeAyIOIIIyIO,
, HCIIOAL3yR MaKCHMahbHLIe 3Ha-
YeHurr npo6enon (cosna~arro T H o c m e n L H o pa3peme~-
HYIO CTPOKY). ~ O C K O A L K YI I p O r p a M M a H e IIpHHHMaeT
BO BHHMaHHe TO, 9 T O A e A a A a H a IIpeab1a)'~efi CTpOKe, O H a H H e 3 a M e Y a e T KOHTpaCTa
CTPOK. O A H O P O ACTPOKH
H ~ I ~ TPYGHO IIOAy'IHTb, K O r a a KaXCaZ3 CTpOKa ~ a 6 ~ p a e ~Hce 3rar-
BUCHMO OT fiPyl3lX.
Y BaC M ~ K O ~a6saua,
O T B03HUKHYTb TPY.4HOCTH C I I O C A ~ A HC~T ~P O ~ eCAH 3 T a CTpOKa
KOpOTKa, H H O r a a CAHUrKOM KOPOTKa aha TOrO, Y T O ~ n~ eIp e K p b I T b OTCTYH B n O C A e a p -
WeM a63aue H YCTPaHHTb H ~ I I ~ H I ' A X A Hnpo6en. ~I~~ CXOAH~IM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~BbI M O X e T e 3an-
p e m n n p o r p a M M e n e p e H o c n o c n e n H e r o c A o n a a6saua (npu ~ C A O B H HTO
, TO nonyc~u-
MO), HO O H a 6 y a e ~B b I H Y X a e H a C n e A a T b 3TOT n e p e H O C n A X TOrO, ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 OCTaTbCII
B npenenax n p e n n E i c a H H b I x BenEivEia npo6enoa.
E A E I H C T B ~cnoc06
H H ~ I ~pa3peLIleHRR 3 ~ 0 fail l n e M M b 1 ( K ~ O M ~
PeXIIeHEiR n p o 6 n e ~B p P -
HYH)) - 3 T 0 HCnOAb30BaHHe IIpOI'pklMMbI, 'j K O T O P O ~ +YHKUUR
~ IIepeHOCOB H BbIKAIOYKH
YYUTbIBaeT OAHOBPeMeHHO HeCKOAbKO CTPOK.

~ ~ P ~ HI4 BbIKAIOYKa
O C C P e T O M HeCKOAbKIlX CTPOK
~ o A ~ I L I H H c T B on p O r p a M M HCIIOAb3yeT IIOCTpO'iHbIe IIepeHOC H BbIKNO'iKY, nOTOMy ' i T 0
3 T 0 A e r ' i e H G b ~ c ~ p e 9e e, M 0 6 p a 6 a n 1 s a ~ bHeCKOAbKO CTPOK OfiHOBPeMeHHO. B nocne-
AHeM CA)nlae IIepeHOC Pi B b I K N o Y K a CTaHOBSITCR ~ e o 6 b 1 4 a fHO
i CAOXCHbIM nP0UeCCOM. &X
Tor0 TOG~I ,4OCTEiYb OIIlUMahbHbIX npo6eno~BO BCeM a 6 3 a u e , n p o r p a M M a BbInOAHHeT
IIepeHOCbI K BbIKAIO'iKY, IIOCTOXHHO OrMfibIBaRCb, H e IIpeBbILIIeHa AU IIAOTHOCTb A~HHOE
CTPOKU no CpaBHeHHK, CO CBepCTaHHbIMH CTPOKBMH.
ECAHn p o r p a M M a , cnenyrr n p a B E i n a M n e p e H o c a u B ~ I K N ~ ~ KnHo n, a A a e T B TynHK,
H a n p u M e p , n o n y s a e T T e K y q y m CTPOKY H e c K o n b K o p a s p e r n e ~ ~ e e n n o T H e e npyrxx,
HAM
TO O H a BO3BpaWaeTCX H a s a n , ' I T O ~ ~H3MeHEITb
I 3HaqeHHR np06en0~ B npefibIfiyWHX CTPO-
KaX, IIepeBepCTbIBaII Fix, E i T e M CaMbIM YCTPaHUTb n p 0 6 n e ~ y BO3HHKUryIO , B ~e~yIIlefi
CTpOKe (pEic. 10.5).
T a ~ o Ae B H X e H H e B3a.A-BIIepeA ~ p e 6 y 3Ha.IUTeAbHOrO
e~ B p e M e H H H K0MnbX)TePHbIX
pecypcoa, s a ~ Ho p e 3 y n b ~ ropasno a ~ nysrue, s e M y n o c T p o r H b I x n e p e H o c a ~i B~IKAIOZIKEI.
Harpys~yKOMIIbroTepa MOXHO YMeHbIUHTb, Pery-hIIPYR A B a n a 3 0 H CTPOK, KOTOPbIe n p 0 -
r p a M M a IIpOCMaTpEiBaeT OAHOBpeMeHHO. & i a I I a 3 0 ~ 0 6 p a 6 a ~ b 1 ~ a e ~ bCTPOK
1x BCe B P e M R
MeHrreTcrr: H a n p z i M e p , n o n y u H B s ~ a ' i e ~ ~20 p a 6 o ~ a ec ~~ e ~ y m e f i
i eCTPOK, n p o r p a M M a
CTPOKO% IIAIOC 19 I I P e A b I L [ ~ H XCTPOK. APY~HMII CAOBaMU, O H a H e 0 6 p a 6 a ~ b 1 ~&UCK-
ae~
1 4 20 CTpOK, a ~ i u ~ a bpa3
P e T H b I e 6 ~ 0 ~ XI0 ~ f yCpeAH5IeT
i OTHOCIlTeAbHO ~ e ~ y I I l eCTPOKH
fi
3HaYeHHII npo6eno~ B IIOCAeaHEiX 20 CTpOKaX, KOTOpbIe yXCe CBepCTaHbI.
 n0CTpO.lHaR BblKJllO.lKa (H&J) MHOrOCTpOLiHaR BbIWIH)'iKB (HBJ)

If a box is square, it is obvious that it If a box is square, it is obvious that

cannot, strictly speaking, be more it cannot, strictly speaking, be more
square. Nevertheless, forms like full- square. Nevertheless, forms like full-
est, rounder, more perfect, etc., are in est, rounder, more perfect, etc., are in
general use colloquially. general use colloquially.

PnC. 10.5. B A e B 0 ~KOAOHKe n o ~ HeMHorHe

nporpaMMa sbInonHma nepe-
HOC U BbIKAIO9KY IIOCTPOYIIO,
IIO~TOMY nepBax C T P O K ~ nony-
qmacb cxa~oji,a ~ ~ o ppas- a~r
a nporpaMMbI npeAnaraIoT onncaa-
HYIo B03MOXHOCTb, HO pe3yAbTaT 3 ~ 0 gTeXHOAOrHH
CTOAb BeAHKOAeneH, STO, BOBMOXHO, OHa CTaHeT CTaH-
n a p ~ ~ oBOf i BCeX ~ P O + ~ C C H O H ~ L ~ ~HH~~~I OX P H ~CH
IC
X-

pexenixoi. n p o r p ~ H ~e aMO- TeMaX H IIPOrpaMMaX BePCTKH.

meT nepeaecTu CAOBO square
nAx ucnpasneHux cuvauuu, u
3T0 BbIHYXAaeT ee OCTaBUTb
crpo~yocna6ne~~oji. B npa~ofi
KOAOIWe BeCb a63a11B ~ ~ C T ~ ~ C H
n p o r p a ~ ~ oKafK enunoe ye- K o n ~ s e c ~CTPOK,~ o KOTOpOe CAeAyeT YCTaHaBAHBaTb
Aoe. 06pa6a~b1saxT O T x e AM o ~ ~ o ~ p e ~O e~~~~~o~f OnpeAeAXeTcaOi T K H , xapax-
TeKcT, oHa MerKa pa3pwu~a TepOM Te~YILtefipa6o~b1.OH0 TaKXe 3aBHCUT OT npo-
nepBym CTPOKY u nepeHecna rPaMMbI, Y KOTOPOG BepCTKa MOXeT 6b1~bOrpaHHSeHa
o n ~ oCAOBO, Y T O ~ ~~I y ~ b - ~ y TOAbKO
~b OAHHM a 6 3 a u e ~ .
cman ~ ~ o p yCTPOKY
ro npH BepCTKe KHHr, &AX KOTOPbIX XapaKTePeH eAH-
~ b ~+ iO iP M ~ T nonocbI ~ a 6 o p a ,+ ~ H K U H H nepeHoca H
BbIKAIoYKH pea.AH3yIOTCX CpaBHHTeAbHO npOCT0, IlOTO-
MY STO ~ 3 6 b 1 ~ 0 S ~npo6enb1
ble nerKo pacnpeAenxIoTc2
B A I ~ ~ ~ COICeXAHHX crpOKaX. B T X O M CAysae Aaana-
SOH M H O ~ O C T ~ O +)IWKUUH
SHO~~ nepeHocoB H B ~ I K A I ~ Y K H
(multiline H&J) MOXeT 6b1~bAOCTaTOYHO Y3KHM ( ~ e -
Hee 10 CTPOK),IIOCKOAbKY CKOAbSIIWee YCpeAHeHHe
npo6eno~BeneT K TOMY, STO ~1o6b1e 10 CTPOK nony.IaT
IIpHMepHO OAHHaKOBbIe npo6enb1. 10 CTPOK TaKXe AOC-
TaTOYHO AAX HCIIPitBAeHHX n p ~ r p a ~CTPOKH, ~ ~ f i B KO-
T O P O ~MOrYT
~ BOSHHKHJTb npo6ne~b1.
 nOCTpOqHa5l BblicnWKa (H&J)
If a box is square, it is obvious that it
cannot, strictly speaking, be more
square. Nevertheless, forms like full-
est, rounder, morepe$ect, etc., are in
general use colloquially.
PklC. 10.5. B AeB0ii KOAOHKe
nporpaMMa sLInonHuna nepe-
HOC U BLIKAIOSKY IIOCTPOSHO,
IIOBTOMY nepsax q o K a nony-
s m a c b cma~oii,a ~ ~ o p pa3- ax
p e m e ~ ~ o ini p. o r p a ~ H~eaMO-
meT nepeHecTH CAOBO square
Ann ucnpaBneHm cuvauuu, u
3T0 BbIHYXAaeT ee OCTaBUTb
c ~ p o o~cyx a 6 ~ e ~ ~Bo npanoii
ii.
KOAOtlKe BeCb a63aq BepCTaACX
n p o r p a ~ ~ oKi aiK enuaoe se-
A O e . 0 6 p a 6 a ~ b 1 s a nTOT me
TeKcr,oHa werrca paapmuna
nepByIo CTPOKY N nepeHecAa
OAHO CAOBO, '4T06b1 SyTb-SyTb
CXaTL BTOpT CTpOKy
MHOrOCTpOqHa5l BblKnIorKa (H&J)
If a box is square, it is obvious that
it cannot, strictly speaking, be more
square. Nevertheless, forms like full-
est, roundel; more perfect, etc., are in
general use colloquially.
n o ~ Hae M H o r H e nporpaMMLI n p e n n a r a m T onucaa-
HYIO B03MOXHOCTL, HO p e 3 y A L T a T 3 ~ 0 %
TeXHOAOI'HH
CTOhb BeAHKOAeIIeH, YTO, BO3MOXH0, OHa CTaHeT CTaIi-
HH
A a p T H o f i BO BCeX I I ~ O ~ ~ C C U O H ~ L ~ ~~OIPXH L I X
CUC-
TeMax H nporpaMMax BepcmM.
~ ~ a l l a 3 0M~HbO1r O C T p O ~ H b I X
nepeHoca a B ~ I K A ~ Y K M
K o n ~ l r e c ~CTPOK,
~o KOTOpOe CAeAyeT YCTaHaBAHBaTL
a x 4 o n ~ o ~ p e ~ eO ~~ ~~ ~o ~i iO TO nKp He n,e n x e T c s xaparc-
T e p O M T ~ K Y L U ~pGa 6 m b 1 . OHOT a K X e 3aBHCMT OT np0-
rpaMMLI, Y K O T O P O ~B~e p C T K a M O X e T 6 b 1 n O r p a I I H Y e H a
TOAbKO OAHIIM a63aue~.
~ P BM~ P C T KKHHr,
~ AAEI KOTOpbIX X a p a K T e p e H eAH-
HLIG + o p ~ an o~A o c b I ~ a S o p a +, ~ H K U I I H nepeHoca u
BLIKAIOYKII peUU3yIOTCEI CpaBHIITeALHO IIPOCTO, IIOTO-
MY 'ITO M ~ ~ L I T O npo6en~1
~ H ~ I ~ nerKo pacnpeAenamTcs
B A I O ~ ~ ICOCeAHIIX
X CTPOKBX. B TaKOM C A y Y a e A H a n a -
3 0 H M H O ~ O C T P O Y H O+yHKUUU
~~ IIepeHOCOB U BLIKAIOYKII
(multiline H&J) M O X e T 6 ~ 1 AOCTaTOYHO
n Y3KHM (Me-
Hee 10 CTPOK), IIOCKOALKY CKOAb3RWee YCpeAHeHUe
npo6enoa n e n e T K TOMY, YTO A I O ~ L I10
~ CTOK n o n y q a T
I I p H M e p H O OAHHaKOBbIe npo6en~1.10 CTpOK T a K X e AOC-
TaTO'IHO &AX MCnPaBAeHElEf I I ~ o ~ ~ ~ M M
CTPOKM,
o G B KO-
T O ~ O GM O T BO3HNKHYTL I I ~ O ~ A ~ M L L
 B rase~axH mypsahax, H a n p o m B , A p w e n c n o n b s o s a m 6 o ~ e me ~ l p o ~ ~n~anasoa.
l i i
ECAHKOAOHKH Y ~ K H TO
~ , +~HKUUX nepeHocoB H nbIKnmsKn HMeeT orpaHHreHHbIe ~ 0 3 -
MOXHOCTU s b 1 6 o p a BapHaHTOB p i t 3 6 ~ e H H f lCTpOK. BTOT~ b 1 6 0 p3aBHCHT OT TOrO, MOXHO
AH n e p e a o c m CAOBO H r,4e IiMeHHO. T ~ ~TY H K U M RA O A X H a PaCCMaTPHBaTb 6onee IUH-
p o ~ &~ u a n a 3 0~ ~O K ~ , 0 6 b H&H
1 p e m e H u e B c T p o K e , ~ o ~ o p aa rb lr s b ~ n a onaceme.
e~
B T ~ K H X C A ~ ~ X ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ O H O T ~ ~ A O ~ ~ C T P O K ~ ~ ~ A ~ O ~ T ~ ~ T
E c r e c r s e ~ ~ oom, m a h b H o e s ~ a q e n~l r ~
a ne
asosa 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 ~ ~ B H C I TOT
T AAHHLI a 6 3 a -
ua, IIOCKOAbKy n p o 6 n e ~ b BepCTKH
r CTPOK M O T 6 b m p e I I I e H b I TOAbKO B I I p e A e A a X a63a-
ua. T ~ HMe M e H e e , K O r A a lJ,eAbIO M H O ~ O C T P OBbIKAXOSKH
~ H O ~ R B M e T C R EICKAIO9eHIle np0-
6 n e B~e p c r K u C T p a H H u b r ( T ~ K M ,H a n p m e p , K a Kp a 3 ~ e w e ~~ ~~ Oe A O BB nocnen~eii
K ~
CTpOKe KOAOHKII), TO PeKOMe-pTCff 6 0 ~ b ~ u u3Ha'IeHHR
e AHaIIa3OHa, nO3BOAfflQnlHe
+YHKUIIII IIepeHOCOB H BbIKNOYKH n o 6 a ~ m NAN
b Y A U U T b HeCKOAbKO CTPOK EI3 KOAOH-
KH. n p a B n ; t , T a K H e n p 0 6 n e ~ b 1H e COBCeM OTHOCXTCR K KOMneTeHUHH +YHKUEIU n e p e H 0 -
COB H s b m m m a , a c K o p e e K +- B Z + I ~ B H U B ~ X U / (vertical
~eprnul~ailb~o~o I jusbiication),
K O T O P O ~IIOCBffUeH
~ OAMH H 3 I I O C A e A ~ I U U Xp a 3 n e A O B A ~ H H O ~
rAaBb1.

~ P O ~ ~ M M ~ IPaCl'IOAaI'arOT HeCKOAbKHMH 3HaKaMII, KOTOPbIe AOnYCKiteTCff

BePCTKH no-
M e w a T b B KOHUe CTPOKH. Ha~6onee9aCTo EiCIIOAb3pTCR npo6en H n e + ~ K
~ p. o ~ 3TO-
e
ro, ewe B c T p e q a m T c x :
0 nnHHHoe THpe (em dash);
13 Koponcoe m p e (en dash);
s e p T a (virgule, slash m n solidus).
~ocm
K o r ~ 3m
a ~ H R B M ~ CB R
~ O
H ~ K KOHUe CTPOKH, n p o r p a M M a m a e 6e3
3 a ~ a ~ ~ CTPOKY ~
ne+Hca. 0 6 p a ~ m BHHMaHHe,
e 9 T O H e BCe I I p O I p a M M b I C Y H T a m K O C p Y e p T y AOIIYCTlr-
MbIM MeCTOM p a 3 p b I B a CTPOKH, XOTR TaKOBa TpaL(H4Hff TMIIO~B+NKEI. Pa3pb1~M O X e T
IXpOHCXOnHTb IIOCAe ~ o c o iYepTbI,
i HO Ha9EIHaTb C 3 T O r 0 3 H a K a CTPOKY HeAb3R.
no HeKOTOPbIM n p H Y H H a M y BaC M O X e T BO3HHKHYTb X e A a H H e H e p a 3 p b I B a T b B KOH-
ye CTPOKH BbrpameHm, conepmauwe 3m ~ H ~ K E~OALIIIHHCTBO
I. nporpaMM npennaramT
+ ~ H K U H H ) H e pa36'U~amb(no break), K O T O P ~ R ~ O ~ B O A R~ ~b T1 6 p a ~ b pam me^^ T e K c T a H
yKa3aTb, W O er0 HeAb3R p a 3 6 ~ s a ~ b
B KOHUe CTPOKH (PIIC. 10.6). C I I p a B b T e c b B PYKOBOA-
cme same2 n p o r p a M M b 1 , c y u l e c r B y e T AH y H e e TaKarr + y ~ ~ y m .
204 Vacma II. K a x sepcmama mexcm

The activator mechanlsm Is extremely Ecna B ~ xI o w e npenoTBpam p a 3 6 1 i e ~ ~+pa-

e
sensiUve and must be calibrated. Stock 3LI H a MeXCAOBHOM npo6ene, TO HyXHO HCIIOAb3OBaTb
nepa3pa~ena~E npo& (nonbreaking space). Ta~ofinpo-
6en RBAReTCff VaCTbH) IUPU+TOBO~O I+tka H paBeH no
The activator mechanlsm la extremely Ero HCnOAb30BEiHEle IIOfiaepXHBa-
UlIipHHe O ~ ~ I S H O M Y .
sens~tweand must be callbraled. Stock
calibratlon equlpment cannot be used.
eTcff oneparpio~~oii
C E I C T ~ M Oa~ ~BTO T om
, 03~aZIaeT,
Speclfy only SlgmaUcs' tool number B B O a a 3TOr0 3HaKa CYWeCTBv CTX-XAapTHbIeKAaBHa-
GOCalIla calibrationtool for this task
Typnbxe KOM~UHBUUII. Ha KoMmmTepax Macintosh -
a B 0nepauElo~~ofi
BTO <Option>+<npo6e~>, CMCTeMe
Windows - 3TO <Alt)+<0160> (XOTS HeKOTOpbIe np0-
rpaMMbI M O T HMeTb 0c06b1e K O M ~ E I H ~ U E IKAaBHIU).
EI
Tor0 Y T O ~ IIpenOTBpaTHTb
~ I p a 3 6 ~ e BbIpa-
~ ~ e
x e H m , CoAepxaUero ne+nc, H C ~ O A ~ ~ ~nepa3pble-
~ T C X
~alu'de$uc (nonbreaking hyphen), 6onee nonpo6~b1e
c s e n e m o mnax n e + ~ c o nGM, duee B dannoE uaee.

Y +YHKUHH BBLMWUKU no $ o p ~ a m yOCHOBH~IMMeTo-

n O M ffBAReTCffH3MeHeHHe npo6enoa MeXAy CAOBaMH.
&OCTOHHCTBO ero COCTOHT B TOM, VTO XapaKTepHax
ECAH
+ 0 p ~ aCAOBa OCTaeTCff H ~ E I ~ M ~ H H O ~ ~H
. 3MeHXTb
npo6e-I Memny ~ ~ K B ~ (anpomki), M H TO noffsMeTcff
PHCK H c K a x e m i x + O P M ~ I CAOB, YTO CmixaeT yno60~1~l-
TaeMOCTb. , & ~ ~ c T B H T ~HeKOTOpbIe
A~Ho mnorpaQb1 He
nonycKm H M ~ I U o TOM, wo anpomi MOXHO B npm-
qxne H ~ M ~ H XGpyme
I-b. nonycKam TaKoe H ~ M ~ H ~ H
T O A ~ K Onpx + n a r o a o ~~ a 6 o p e(ragged-margin).
~ Cy-
WeCTsyK)T H Te, KT0 y 6 e w e ~V ,TO npH +AWOBOM Ha-
6ope HeAb3ffEl3MeHXTb El MeXCAOBHbIe npo6enb1.
3 T U B3mXabI OCHOBaHbI Ha w e e Cj'IUeCTBOBaHWi
cxeMbx uecrecTBeHKbIx~npo6enos, H ~ O B T O M Ynpo6e-
AbI MeXny ~ Y K B B M E IEl CAOBaMH, IIPeAyCMOTPeHHbIe
mqero iIAOXOr0 B TOM, w 0 6 b 1 n p o 6 e ~ MeHEIANCb,
1 He
'IPTbCx npo6enb1 Mexny chosa-
MU U ~ Y K B B M UnpUBepCTKe TeK-
yMeHbruarr pa360p'1moc. a ~ ~ O ~ O ~ ~ T ~ ~T eMK O m aC, T E CTa.
I YCTaHOBKu AeBOji
a 3TO 3 H a W , YTO CyJ4eCTBj'K)T H e K O M p b I e n P e A e A b H b I e KOAOH,~ ,
,ec~~,e, pe-
3 ~ a q e ~ KmO,T O P ~ IH~SSX
~ ~ P ~ B ~ I L U ~ T ~ . 3yAbTaTe IIOAyqUAUCb CTpOKU
C 3~0fi4 e A b I O XOPOLUNe I X P O T a M M b I BepCTKU no- H ~ ~ ~ B H O MnAOTHOCTu.
~ ~ H O ~

3 B o m w r onpenenmb nsanasoa, B npenehax K o T o p o r o

'oAee nu6epanbHbxfi Aua11a30a~
KOTOpbIfi U~nOAb30BaIiB npaB0c
n~06ea1 Memy cAoBmu MorYT H3Memb- KOAOHKe, CnOC06CT~ye~ nyqme-
cX (pat. 10.7). h m r 0 O ~ ~ N H YOK a 3 b I B m C f l T P H npu
MY p e 3 y ~ b ~ a ~ y onpenene-
BeAxlYliHbI: MIIHIIMahbHaSI, A 0 K O T O P O ~MOXHO ~ yMeHb- HHU BTUX 311aYe~UfiA O A X H b I
IUHTb np06ea1, OI1TIIMUbHU4, K O T O P O ~ ~XeAitTeAbHO YyHTbxBaTbCli cPOpMaTnoAocbl
B c e r a a n p m e p m m a n c I i , Ei M a K c u M a b H a , no ~ o ~ o p o i i
~~~~p~ oco6eHHomu rupu*a

So long as free land exists, the op-
portunity for a competency exists,
and economic power secures po-
litical power. But the democracy
born of free land, strong in
selfishness and individualism. in-
tolerant of administrative experi-
ence and education, and pressing
individual liberty beyond its
proper bounds, has its dangers as
well as it benefits.
So long as free land exists, the op-
portunity for a competency exists,
and economic power securespoliti-
cal power. But the democracy born
of free land, strong in selfishness
and individualism, intolerant of
administrative experience and edu-
cation, and pressing individual lib-
erty beyond its proper bounds, has
its dangers as well as it benefits.

" ., .
i Word space: ~etterspace: i
1 Minimum 90% Minimum OX 1
optlmum lW% optimum 0% 1 optimum IW% optimum 0%

I M ~ a m u m (10% Maximum 0% Maxtmurn 150% Maxlrnurn 5%

206 Vacma II. K a x sepcmama mexcm

npo6e-I MOT 6 b m YBehllSeHbI. Bce 3m B e m s m b I 3 a u a m KZ ~ o n p e n e n e ~ ~ ~npo- rii

u e H T OT n @ , u M b n o 2 0 (normal) npo6ena.
H o p , u u b n b ~ U Y M ~ X C A O B Hnpo6en
~ ~ H M e e T UIUPHHY, K O T O P U O n p e A e A e H a B IIIpx+-
TOBOM +she aaxnoro rupu+~a.JASI anporueii n o P , u r u b n a ~ u "o 3 ~ a s a T e a~K o e paccroa-
mie M e X A y ~ ~ K B ~ MKEOIf A, a HX K e r e A b H b I e IIAOIUaAKH ~PEiMbIKLUOTApJT APYrY 6e3 3a30-
p O B n n e p e x A e c T o B . U ~ M ~ Hn~ p oH6 eHn o~~B p e 3 y A b T a T e T p e K H H r a H K e p H I l H r a
p m m a m c r r nporpm~oiiB nocnenarom o s e p e n b .
C ~ m a p m o r ocnoco6a onpenenexm s ~ a ~ e mMiaiK c H M m H o r o , O I I m M m H o r o 11
M I I K I I M m H o r O npo6enoa H e CyiIIecl-ByeT. Hanpmep, H e K U n p o r p a M M a o n p e , 4 w e T 3Ha-
semie n @ , u u b n o z o M e x c n o B H o r o npo6ena KZ loo%,H o H a me AM n@,uaAanozo anporua
~ p e 6 y HYAeBOfO
e~ 3HaYeHUR, C 3TUMH 3 H a ~ e H l W M UOHa H IIpOEI3BOAWT paCYeTbI. Aorusec-
K M HenOUeAOBaTeALHOCTb COCTOHT B TOM, W O B T ~ K CXeMe,
O ~ T O ~ L I pa3peIJlEiTb M e X -
CAOBHOM~npo6eny p e m r u a T L c a H a lo%,c h e n y e T B B O AM
~mMahbHoe s ~ a ~ e mpea ,-
Hoe 90%,a w 6 b 1 Mme cmoe p a 3 p e m anpomy, HFHO B B s~ase~ne,
O m ~m m a h b H o e
paHOe -10%. 3a pX%XCHeHU%h4H 0 6 p a u a k r e c b K pyIcOBOacTBy IIpOrpaMMLI.

I l e p e ~ o c b-~ TO ~ e ~ 3 6 e x ~~AoO eOHH. npenmcmym CKOPOCTEI W e H m 11 q e n o c T a o c -

TEI B O C ~ P H ~ X,L(a
. n ~ e + u c HZ nepe~oca)~ e n i s sc s m a n y K p a l u e m e M CTPOKH.
B T e K c T e , BbIKNOSeHHOM + o ~ M ~ T J ' CTPOKH,
, KOTOPbIe 3aKaHYMBaKITCII A ~ + X C ~ M N
u C03AaKIT y r h y 6 h e B~ POBHOM K p a e n o n o c b l ~a6opa, K ~ ) K ~ T C cnema
R HenomoueHHbIm.
C npyroii CTOPOHLI, Y e M 6 o n b r u e n e p e H o c o B u c n o n ~ a y en p~o r p a M M a , T e M 6 b 1 c ~ p e e
OHa C M O X e T A O C m Y b OnTMMahbHbIX npo6eho~, B e A b B CI'pOKaX, KOTOpbIe 3aKaHSHBaIOT-
cx Y a c T b r o U o B a c A~+IICOM, H e OcTaeTcX m r u H e r o npocrpmcma. O A H O 113~MHorEix
~
e p e H o c o B 6e3 smemoro yxynxue-
3 w a s ynywxemix s e p c T K u x s N i e T c r r M E I H E I M U ~ ~ U EnI X
mi54 npo6eno~.H e ~ o ~ o p IbI p~O rep a M M L I A a m T B03MOXHOCTb BbIPaBHHBaTb CTPOKH ripe-
EiMpleCTBeHHO 3a CYeT n e p e H o c o B B p e p 6 P e r y A H p O B K e npo6enoa (I1 ~ a o 6 o p o ~ ) .
OAHUM I13 CIIOCO~OB )'IIpaBAeHII.R ~ ~ C T O THepeHOCOB O ~ ~ XBAReTCX O I I p e A e A e H l l e MH-
HMMahbHOrO KOAWIeCTBa ~ Y K B
p a 3 6 m a e ~ o r oCAOBa, KOTOpbIe MOXHO OCTaBETTb B KOHUe
CTPOKH nepen A~+HCOM. k m ~ o n y c m r nb e p e H o c nocne o ~ ~ o~ ~i iK B (L~I a n p m e pa-boue),
,
TO, e c T e c m e H H o , n o c n e A y e T ~ e n p e p b ~ s K~a cbKea A CTPOK c n e p e H o c a M u . ECAM
MHHHM~
COCraBXT ABe ~ Y K B (~HI C U I ~ H M ~de-part),
~, YHCAO n e p e H o c o B YMeHLluIlTCX, HO H e 3HaYEI-
TeAbHO. O ~ L I Y HMHHEiMYM
L I ~ ~ P a B e H T p e M ( H X I ~ F ~ pre-pare),
M ~ ~ , XOTX B Y3KIlX KOAOHKaX
 PHC. 10.8. XOTXnporpaMMe
Your Tropical Paradise Rendezvous Dream Cruise will npeAnncaF10, OCTaBASITb He 60-
Ace AByX IIOCAeAOBaTeAbI3bIXne-
be a vacation you'll never forget. Unlike other popu-
lar cruises, your custom Dream Cruise has you spend- peaocoa, A~IIHLII a6aau conep-
xm nmb. I I o s e ~ y I?I p a s u ~ aB
ing most of your time on land, in the fascinating jet- TOM,YTO nepeHoc B ~ p e ~ b e i i
set venues we're famous for. They're all the most col- CTpOKe BbI3BaH HaAN'IlleM XeC-
orful places you could imagine, and a few we're cer- TKOrO ~e@llca,BBeAetIHOrO C
tain you couldn't. Aruba, Trinidad, and St. Kit's are KAasuaTypbI, a nporpaMMa y w -
all at your disposal. TbIBaeT TOAbKO ~ C + M C L I , KOTO-
pbIe oHa caMa paccTaBnna

nse 6 y ~ ~M b o1r p 0 6 e c n e ' f ~ ~Ayqmee

b pacnpeneneHne
nyCTOr0 IIpOCTpilHCTBa B CTpOKaX.
~ O A O ~ H ~0 I6M p a 3 0 ~M O X H O YnPaBARTb MHHH-
M U b H b I M Pa3MePOM YaCTH CAOBa, KOTOp,YIO MOXHO
nepeHocmb Ha cnenylowym c r p o ~ y .0 6 b 1 ~ ~MHHH- 0
MUbHOe 3HaYeHHe PaBHXeTCX TpeM. BTO3HaYeHWe
m m c TPH ~ ~ K B nepen L I n e + n c o ~npenxTcTByeT nepe-
HOCY CAOB KopoYe mecTa 6 p ~ .
Pefyh~poaamienepeHocoB npenycMaTpHnaeT T ~ K -
me y ~ a 3 a ~ xKonmecTsa
e nocnenosaTeamIx CTPOK
C fie+HcZiM~. TO BbI3BElHO 3CTeTHYeCKHMEi IIpHYHHa-
MH:6 0 ~ b m o eYHCAO B H ~ K O BnepeHoca p a a ~ p a m a mYH-
TaTenx. Han6onee no&xonnwuM ~ H ~ Y ~ HMOXHO H ~ M
CYHTaTb 2 CTPOKH, HCKAIOYW Y3KHe KOAOHKH, B KOTO-
p b ~ x3 C T ~ O K Hc nepeHocaMR C I I O C O ~ C T B ~ T6 o ~ e eo,q-
~ o p o ~ ~BepcTKe.
oii
O s e ~ bBBXHO IIOAYePKHJ'Tb, YTO ~ O A ~ L I I H H C T B O
nporpaMM YqmbIsaeT T O A ~ K OTe ~ H ~ KnepeHoca H (ne-
+IIC~I), KOTOPbIe A O ~ ~ B A c~ZH~ M ~ IOnporpaM~o%.
~ TO
3HaqHT, YTO OHM He FHTbIBam 3cecmKue ae@ucbl (hard
hyphens), KOTOpbIe BBOAXTCX C KAaBHawbI. 9 ~ OCO- a
6 e ~ n o c mMoxeT n o p o n m M x o x e m o nocheAoBaTe*
HMX nepeHocoB, n o ~ o 6 ~ bnpmeneHHbIM
ur Ha p ~ c .10.8.
b m m e ~ ~ pemewie o e - BHuMaTeaHa KoppeKTypa.
208 Yacma II. Kalc eepcmama melccm

B AOKyMeHTe C IlpZtBbIM !$A~WOBLIM s a 6 o p o IlpOrpaM-

~
MbI BepCTKH 0 6 ~ 1 9 ~ n03BOAXH)T
0 OIIpe,4eAHTL 30Hy
nepenoca (hyphenation zone). T~PMEIH HeMHoro Henpa-
BHAb~blfi,nOCKOAbKY Ha CaMOM AeAe 3T0 He CTOALKO
3 o ~ aCKOALKO
, r p a ~ u u aycTaHonneHHm
, Ha onpeaenea-
HOM PaccToxHmi OT npaBoro nom, c rzenbro perynupo-
BaIiLHILII r h y 6 ~ ~ PBaHOrO
b1 Kpm.
K o r ~ an p o r p m a pa3~ecrunawosa, Ko-ropbIe ue-
NVCOM ~MeClTAHCL Ha CTpOKe, To AahbIIle, nepeflTeM KaK
pa36~ipa~bcff co w e a y l o w CAOBOM, oHa C M ~ I I T ,rae
PIIC. 10.9.Eo~eempo~arta o ~ a pacnonomeHa sosa nepeaoca. E m TO UOBO HawwaeT-
nepeHoca (sbnene~acepbm use cx hesee rpamim~BOHLI (PEIC. 10.9), nporpaMMa nomapa-
TOM) C03AaeT 6o~eeH ~ P O B H ~ I ~ ~eTcx BbInomwm nepesoc. Ewul w o ~ HaYuHaeTcx o npa-
~ p 3a lcseT yMemureHux quc- see, TO nporpaMMa nepesocm Bce woao Ha w e n y r u y o
ha CAOB, KOTOpbIe pa36~isaro~-
ca nepeHocoM. Paa6u~am~ca CTpOKy. 6b1~b TOYHbLM, TO 30Ha AOA3KHa Ha3bIBam-
TOAhKO Te CAOBa, KOTOPbIe Ha- cn ~ O H hO3~ nepexoca - nonhyphenation zone.)
vHHamTcx neBee OHM Y ~ yme M 3 o ~ nepesoca,
a TeM oxomee nporpaMMa
BbInonmeT nepeHocbr u 6onee y3~0iinon)nIaeTcx nono-
Ca HepOBHOrO Kpaff. ECAHVeAbH) BepCTKH SBASeTCS
yMesbmemie wcna ~ O c KnepeHocaMa, TO cneAyeT
p a c m i p m 3 o ~ ynepesocoa. H~CKOALKO - 3 a ~ ~ cOTm
Ker- mpa+a. A y x e c m mupma ~ O H nepeHoca ~ I pa-
IureTCX CaMOMy AAkiHHOMY CAOBY B TeKCTe, TO ~ZUbHefi-
mee penHseHEie ~ O H L He I oKameT m a K o r o s m m .

E O A ~ ~ ~ Cn pToBr pOm npemaraeT Ass cnoco6a nepe-

Hoca: no uosapw H no uzopum/uy (algorithmichyphenation).
~ ~ o ~ H- T3T0 M IlpOUeAypa,, KOTOpaSI aHUH3HPYeT
CTpyKTypY CAOB H 0 6 e c n e ~ ~ nOHCK
~ a e ~I I P ~ B H A L H O ~
TosKn HX pa36ae~un. TOT cnoc06 Bceraa p a 6 o ~ a e ~
 A O B O A ~ H Oy c n e m H o , u ero saqac~yron p e n n o Y m a l o T ,
no cnosapm. K co-
n o T o M y STO OH 6 b 1 c ~ p e en e p e H o c a
XaAeHUIO, a A r O p U T M y HeAb3R AOBePRTb TPK, KaK CAO-
B a p l o , nO3TOMy AyYIUe B b 1 6 p a ~ bI I o c A ~ , ~ H U
BapHaHT.
~~
npennaram He-
H n e a h b ~ pbe r~u e~H u e M , K o T o p o e
KOTOpbIe n p O r p a M M L I , RBAReTCR npUMeHeHEle 0 6 0 ~ ~
cnoco6oa. n p o r p a ~ c~Haa s a n a 06pawae~csK cnosa-
pm, a s a ~ nepexonm
e ~ K a n r o p m y , e c n H He Haxo-
AHT cnona B cnoaape. 0 6 p a w e ~ K ~ anropkimy
e 6onee
IIOaXOC[EiT A M TeXHUYeCKUX TePMUHOB, UMeH C O ~ C T B ~ H -
HbIX, UHOCTpaHHbIX CAOB (XOTR AAR ISpaBHAbHOrO
IIepeHOCa UHOCTPaHHbIX CAOB AyYUIe MCnOAb3OBaTb aA-
r o p m ~KOTOP~IG
, pacno3~ae-rnpasma c~o~oo6paso-
BaHUR AaHHOI'O R 3 b I ~ a ) .

Except in unusual circumstances,

it's unnecessary to manually kern
B IIpOI'paMMaX BepCTKM IXpkIMeHReTCR HeCKOAbKO P a 3 - type at common text sizes (e.g., 10-
, 1 I-, and It-point).
HbIX BHAOB A~($NCOB.
xecmlcuu' de$uc (hard hyphen) (HAH x e c r ~ ~ne-
ii
~ ~ H O BBOAFiTCR
C ) C KAaBIlaTYPbI H CTaHOBIlTCR HeH3MeH- Except in unusual circumstances,
it's unnecessary to manually kern
~ 0 YQCTbm
% TeKCTOBOrO IIOTOKa. type at common text sizes (e.g.,
gpJT06 BMA ne*kica - B ~ ~ M ~ H H OH
L Ino6as~a-
~ ~ , lo-, 1 1-, and 12-point).

e T c s 113 c A o B a p x n e p e H o c o B HAH a n r o p r n ~ nporpm-

o~
MI,: II H e 0 ~ 0 6 p a x a e ~ c 1 1 e
, c m CAOBO H e n o n a , a a e T
B KOHeIJ T O K E I . T a ~ o iBi I Q Ha3bIBaeTCR d ~ c l ~ p e ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ b L A . d
Je#ucu (discretionary hyphen), HAH ~ 4 8 de@ucw 2 ~ ~
ECAUn p o r p a M M e H e
(soft hyphen) ( M R ~ K ~nepe~oc).
?
y a a e T c a n p a B u s s o p a 3 6 u ~ bCAOBO AAII nepeaoca, TO
nOAL3OBaTeAb M O X e T BCTaBEITb B CAOBO AHCKPeUUOH-
~ b 1 fA
i ~ + H C , K O T O P ~ IB~e~n e T ce6x K a K B p e ~ e H ~ bne-
I t
PeHOC H 3 CAOBaPR. TO 3HaYUT, YTO T ~ K O HA ~ + I I c
R e CTaReT O T O ~ ~ ~ X ~ T KOT&a
~ C R , B R e M H e T RYXAbl,
ao n o x B m c s , K o r n a CAOBO nonsepme-ccx n e p e H o c y .
B ~T Ia K X e MOHCeTe KIpHMeHXTb , U H C K P ~ ~ U O H H L,4e+uc,
I~~ KOrna HyXHO yKa3aTb IIpOrpaM-
Me 6 o ~ e ne p e n n o w m e n b a L 1 e M e c T a pa36ne~~frr
c n o B a , name ecnxi n p a s H a H L I T e , KOTO-
p b I e ~ 3 6 p a n na p o r p a M M a . 806aaneaue A H c K p e u a o H H o r o ne+wca - +YHKUNR n p a K n a n -
HOG XIpOrpaMMbI, a H e 0 n e p a 4 ~ 0 ~ ~CHCTeMbI, 0fi II03TOMY KAaBHUIH, KOTOPbIe n03BOMXYT
BBOAHTb 3TOT 3HaK, B Pa3HLIX I I P O r P a M M a X H e COBnaAaHIT.
n o c n e n ~ ~ lsfHi n - TO u e p a s p a ~ ~ n ~ t Je$uc z'i (nonbreaking hyphen) ( 3 ~ H0 e S H ~ Kne-
pesoca), K O T O P ~ IB~L~I ~ A R ~ ~ EKaK P T x e c ~ ~ HO ~ fHi C, ~ O A ~ ~ ~TOALKO
~ T C RB TOM cnysae, ecnw
noche H e r o HYXHO H e n o n y c ~ m bn e p e H o c a H a npyrym CTPOKY. Ha pac. 10.10 n o ~ a 3 a ~
C A F ~ , K o r n a 6e3 H e p a 3 p b I B H O r O n e C l ) H ~ aH e O ~ O ~ ~ T H C L .

CTHAHnepeHocoB
~ o A ~ I L I H H c T B on p a B H A n p H M e H e H H X ~ ~ + H c o BnHKT)'eT KOPpeKTOP, a H ~ ~ O P I I I H K Y( B e p -
C T ~ ~ ~ W I I KHY~ )O ~ X O A E I MTOAbKO
O Y s e C T b HeCKOAbKO ~ H ~ ~ a l J l l f i .
O A H-~ n e p e H o c nocnenHero cnosa a6saua. a ~ o r o~ e A o n y c K a T L HH B K o e M
n b s x
C A y s a e . 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 ~ O A ~ U I H H C T BIOI P O r P a M M H H e AOnyCKaHIT 3 T O r 0 , HO MHOrIJa B npene-
A a X YCTaHOBAeHHbIX I I a p a M e T p O B IIepeHOCa enHHCTBeHHbIM c n o c o 6 0 ~~ a 6 o p npeAIIOC-
a
n e ~ ~ eCfTi~ O K Ha6aaua x s n x e T c x p a 3 6 ~ e ~ nn oec n e n H e r o chosa. ITPO~P~MMLI, KoTopbIe
HCnOAb3yloT MHOrOCTPO'IHLIe aArOpHTMb1 n e p e H o c o B Ei BbIKNO'IKB, O ~ ~ I Y HHaXOAXT
O
pemeaae. Bpys~yron p o 6 n e ~ aYCTPHReTCX YCTBHOBKO~~HOBOrO p a 3 6 a e ~ CTPOK ~ s a63a-
ua (YTO n p o B o u H p y e T nepe~epcmf T ~ K C T ~HAH
) n p H M e H e H H e M T p e K m r a a63aua (TO
BO3BpaIIIaeT g a C T b CAOBa H a IIpe.I(LI~YWYI0CTPOKY HAH BbITahKMBaeT CAOBO UeAEIKOM H a
nocnenaroro CTPOKY).
fip)TaR COCTOMT B IIORBAeHHH B CAOBe A B O ~ ~ H O I ' O
A€?+IICP. C O C T ~ BCAOBO,
HO~ COnep-
XaIIIee m e c T K H f i ne+Fic, M O X e T OKa3aTbCR B KOHUe CTPOKEf EI IIOAYYHTL B T O P O ~A~~ + I I C
KaK 3HaK n e p e H O C a . ECAHnPHCBOEfTb 'IBCTRM CAOBa n O 0 6 e CTOpOHaM
~ ~ OT X e C T K O r O
ne+~icaa ~ p a 6 yue~pasbueama, n p o r p a M M a BbIHymneHa 6 y n e ~p a 3 6 w s a ~ bT a K o e c n o ~ o
TOAbKO TBM, r A e CTOHT X ~ C T K M A
~ ~~+ H c . fiB0fiH0fi A ~ + H C M O X e T nORBHTbCR, eCAH
B CAOBe eCTb H e p a ~ p b ~ B H bneQEfc
~fi (He 3HaK I I e p e H o c a ) , Ei +YHKUHH ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ? H OUC6btMWZIKU
OB
B b I H y X A e H a HCKaTb npyr0fi U O r A M p a 3 p b I B a . 3 n e c b CHOBa C n a C a e T npHCBOeHHe CAOBy
Heapasbueama.
a~pa6y~
AART o r 0 ~ 0 6 b IIpeAOTBpaTUTb
1 IIepeHOC C A O B - C O K ~ ~ I I ~ ~KOTOpbIe
H H ~ ~ , IIOXOXEI H a
0 6 b 1 s ~ b 1 eCAOBa, CAeAyeT 3iiIIpeTUTb n e p e H o c CAOB, H ~ ~ P ~ H H ~ I X
IIpOnMCHbIMH ~YKB~MH.
K o r ~ nap o r p a M M a H e B COCTORHMM n p a s M A b H o BbInoA-
ero H ~ O ~ X O A H M O
H m b n e p e H O c K ~ K O ~ O - A E CAOBa,
~~O
~ 0 6 a B~ CAOBaPb
m n e p e H o c o B . %A O ~ ~ B A ~ HHHOr-
MR
A a COXpaHRloTCR B OCHOBHOM CAOBape n p O r p a M M b 1 , HO
same B c e r o - B A o n o A H m e n b H o M cnoaape, HAU CAO-
sape uclc~lovenuii(exception dictionary). K TOM^ AO-
IIOAHMTeAbHOMy C A O B a p l o n p O r p a M M a o 6 p a u a e ~ c ~
B n e p B y m o s e p e a b n s b 1 6 ~ p a TOT
e ~ B a p x a m nepeHoca
CAOBa, K O T O P ~ IYCTaHOBAeH
~~ BaMM, a H e ee C O ~ C T B ~ H -
~ b 1 2 .( H a n p ~ ~ eBp~,P H T ~ H C K O H M aMePMKaHCKOM Ba-
p H a m a x a ~ r m j i c ~ o Ir o I ~ ~ Ipasable
K ~ npasma nepe-
HOCa MHOrMX CAOB, I I O 3 T O M y s a C T 0 lIpMXOAHTCR
OTMeHRTb ~b160pI I p o r p a M ~ b 1 . )
Korna BbI ~ 0 6 a ~ A S i e TChOBO
e B CAOBapb n e p e H o -
COB, T P ~ ~ Y ~ TOCn pRe A e M i T b IIpMOpIiTeTbr B03MOXHbIX
nepeHocoB B C o o m e T c T B m K npeanosma-
c TeM, K ~ BBI
eTe n e p e H o c m b ,qmaoe CAOBO (PMC. 10.11).
~IPOI'PBMM~I,
KOTOpbIe n03BOARHIT CO3AaBaTb AO-
IIOAHUTeAbHbIe CAOBapM, MOrJ'T MMeTb MX HeCKOAbKO:
O T d e f i H b I e CAOBapM nNI pa3HbIX p a 6 0 ~MAR pa3HbIX
s a ~ a s s m oY~ s. a m m p~a 6 0 ~ 1 u crpym AOAXH~I 6 ~ 1 %
YBepeHbI, YTO OHM UCl7OAb3YloT OAHM N T e Xe CAOBBPM,
eCAU XOTSIT AOCTIIPb MAeHTMSHbIX Pe3YAbTaTOB.

PHC. 10.11. AoGasnrrx c n o ~ o

- -- - -
-- .- .r
.----.=,
--
- ----
-
.:.-_-Add Word t o User Dictionary z-=-"--=--:= B CnoBapb nepeHocoB, cnenyeT

I
Word: MOM--no-type
Dictionary: 1- HOM CApae OAHa TnAbAa YKa3bI-
BaeT aan6onbmnI-i npXOpUTeT.
Add: Q As all lowercase Tpn TIlnbAbI YKa3bIBWT H a npa-
Q Wactly as typed B H A ~ H ~ I I - ~HO
, ae oqeHb xena-
T ~ A ~ H ~IIepeHOCIG
2 72 Yacma II. K ~ sepcmama
K mexcrn

Korna CAOBO IIepeHeCeHO C HCnOAb3OBaHHeM CAOBapR H C K A I O Y ~ H H MeCTO

~~, IIepeHO-
Ca COXpaHReTCJ4 B AOKYMeHTe. ECAM
T e I I e p b OTKPbITb C[OKYMeHT H a n P ) T O M KOMnbIOTePe,

y KOTOpOI'O H e T 3 T O r 0 CAOBapR, I I p a B k i A b ~ b Gn e p e H O C COXpaHMTCR.

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AAHHbI, TO A I O ~ F L S
I I p O r p a M M a , A i w e ~ e ~ C T 0 B bPfe iA a K T O P , B COCTOIIHHM AOCTHYL PaBHO-
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~ 1
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,&ace npH + n a r o a o ~~ a 6 o p e(c H e p o a H b I M n p a s b I M ~ p a e n~o )n e s ~ op a s p e m ~ ~npo-

b
r p a M M e H ~ M ~ H I IMTe m
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. ~ e c ~ e
c n e p e H o c o M CAOB wo 0 6 e c n e w a e ~ ~eneepsanatu"~cpau"(tightrag), K o H e w o , H e p o B H o c T b
c o x p a I u r e T c x , HO H e CTOAL pes~arr(pnc. 10.12).B y 3 ~ m
K o A o m a x T a K a x BepcTxca npen-
nowmeAbHee, ~ O C K O A ~
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KU H 0 6 ~ e r ~npouecc
a e ~ W e H m . JAR U I H P O K O ~~~O A O - T\T hen you prepare a manu-
. for an incompatible
script
computer system or program, or
C ~ ~I a6opa ozlena psana~u' xpaC (wild rag) n o n y c ~ ~ ~ , when the target computer is un-
IlOTOMy YTO C A e r K a H ~ P O B H ~~ Ip~a f iB b I U R A H T K a K known, you should produce your
manuscript in a universally recog-
~ a 6 o p~, e 6 p e m B~ ~o I K A W Y ~ H Hno~ +op~a'I'j'.
I~~
nizable file format. A writer pre-
B KOHUe KOHUOB, CMbICA pBaHOI'O K p a R COCTOHT paring a manuscript for an unspec-
ified publisher would work this
B TOM, Y T O ~ ~n pI x A a m +OPMY u rpa+mec~ym B ~ I - way. So would an author who posts
pa3MTeAbHOCTb IIpRMOyI'OAbHbIM I I A a I u K a M TeKCTa. a manuscript on an electronic bul-
letin board that can be read by any
Pi B T a m cny.rm KaK pas H e x e n a T e a H o y M e n b m a T b kind of computer. Most computers
HepOBHOCTb K p U . O T K A W Y ~ H U+YHKUHH
~ IIepeHOCOB and programs need formatting in-
structions written in their own
CAOB HAEI y s e m s e H u e B O H ~ n
I e p e H o c o B n o M o x e T AOC- particular way.
TUYb 6 0 ~ b m e i iHepOBHOCTU K p a R nOAOCb1 ~a6opa.
~ O C K O A ~ KpYB a ~ b 1 GK P ~ G- 3 T 0 3 A e M e H T POCKO-
LUX, norhouamu& O c T a B I u U e c x n p o 6 e n b 1 H a ~amnoii
w. en you prepare a manu-
script for an incompatible
computer system or program, or
CTpOKe, TO MOXHO n03BOAHTb ce6e n O A P a T b YAOBOAb- when the target computer is
unknown, you should produce
CTBMe OT MeXCAOBHbIX npo6enoa, eCAH OTPaHHYKTb your manuscript in a universally
A H a n a 3 0 H Ilx U3MeHWlBOCTU. C ~ e n e H bOI'paHHYeHNR recognizable file format. A writer
preparing a manuscript for an
3itBHCWT OT TOTO, HaCKOAbKO HepOBHbIe K p U ~pe6ym- unspecified publisher would work
CII. ~ H a n a 3 H3MeHeHHX
0 ~ MeXCAOBHbIX npo6eno~ this way. So would an author who
pocts a manuscript on an electron-
B IIpeaeAaX 10%OT OITTHMaAbHOTO 3HaYeHEIE1, paBHOrO ic bulletin board that can be read
by any type of computer. Most
loo%, A a e T nporpaMMe c a o 6 o ~ yneiic~sn$,n o 3 ~ o ~ x
computers and programs need
y A a Y H 0 3 a I I O N I I l T b CTpOKH H B TO Xe B p e M R C o x p a - formatting instructions written in
their own particular way.
~ m YHCTOTY
b ~ a 6 o p Ba C A O X H ~ I XCExTyaUHRX.
B OYeHb Y3KIiX KOAOHKaX M O X e T OKa3aTbCII, S T 0
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me 60% OT H C X O A H O ~BeAUYHHbI,
~ H H a Y e OHU CTaHYT IlpaBOrO KpaX, B HUXHeM -
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p B a H o r 0 K p w M O T ~ L I T LCTpO-
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p o r p a B~ e~p
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CIIpiIBbTeCb B PyKOBOACTBe K B a ~ ~ eI If piO r p a M M e .
 Whathassincefollowedareburna~ral
consequences. With thesuccessoftheir first
movement. thissmall fanaticalDam beean to
arquiresnength;and wtththat,robccomc an
obiect o f c o u n ~ h ~ pborhgreac
r o - panics
. l'hc
necesraryconsequence was ahinher increase
ofpower, and agradual taindngoftheopinions
What has since followed are but namral
consequences. With the success of their
first movement, this small fanatical party
began to acquire strengrh; and with that,
to become an abject of courtship to both
great parries. The necessary consequence
was a funher increare of power, and a

eTCR YAoXUTbCX npeAehhl AM- TeKCT, B KOTOPOM OHH YBeAIlYeHbI H a 50%.0 I I p e ~ e h ~ ~

e H o c o n M B~IKAIOY-
~ I I ~ ~ O Hn eOp B
A H a I I a 3 0 H I13MeHeHHR M e X C A O B H b I X I I P O ~ ~ A O B 3, a T e M
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omM6KypeAMYeHHs npo6eAoB C T ~ ~ G T ~ C H~y X H O r O Ka'IeCTBa ~ a 6 o p aEIX
no61i~a~bcx

PHC. 10.14A ( c T ~215).

. Bce T e K C T b I ~ a 6 p a ~ IIO
b 1 C X e M e 11/12 U + O P M ~ T ~K O A O H K H 11% IIHKM.
npo6enoa M e m y C A O B a M M IT 6 y ~ n a mA A X K W O T O n p M M e p a I I p M B e A e H b I
h a l T a 3 0 ~ b 1M 3 M e H e H H X
I I O n H H M H , N H O P M a h b H b I e ) > 3 H a Y e H W f , K O T O P b I e O n p e A e A e H b I B I I I P M C & T O B ~ I Xf $ ~ - k X ,PaBHXIOTCX 10o%I.
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npeACKa3yeMbI: 6onb11meA M C n p O I I O p l X M M B npo6enax M e X a y C A O B a M n . B nenoi K O A O I I K e B e p X H e -
r0 P X A a , y K O T O P O ~C~ ~ M L IIU~N P O K M ~ A H a l T a 3 0 H , B e A M Y M H b I npo6enoa MeH5IK)TCII O Y e H b C M A b I I O .
BO B T O P O M P X A Y Te X e n M a n a 3 0 H b I M 3 M e H e H M X M e X C A O B H b I X npo6enon A O I l O A H e H b I A X a n a 3 0 H O M
M 3 M e H e H M X a l T p 0 I I I e i H a *5%. Pe3yhbTilTb1 3 a M e T H O A ) n I I U e , T e K C T B ~ e ~ T p U b E 1 0 Kf Oi A O H K e 3 T O T O
P X A a ~au6oneey f l a Y ~ b 1 X i O T X M CO 3 H a Y M T e A b H b I M , HO H e 3 K C T P e M U b H b I M p a 3 6 p o c o ~B e A H Y M H
npo6e~on.B H x x H e M p x ~ y~ n a n a 3 0M ~~ M ~ H ~ Hanporuei M X p a s e H *lo%.XOTX OH c 0 3 ~ a e6ohee ~
e C T e C T B e H H b I e r1po6enb1M e X A y C A O B a M U , a n p 0 I I I H K Z K y T C X H e C K O A b K O C X a T b I M U H a B C e X n p Z I M e -
pax, B n p a B 0 f i K O A O H K e 3 T O T O P X n a , y ~ 0 ~ 0 O~T 0~ ~%I I U Y ~ H fHl MLa I I~a 3 0 H M 3 M e H e H M R npo6enoa
M e X A y C A O B a M M , A O A X H b I IAN 6 b 1 C + O P M U P O B ~ T ~ C IH e C K O A b K O C X a T b I e C T P O K M , a 1 1 0 A y Y U A M C b
AocTaTowo p a 3 p e ~ e ~ e b 1 e
Harmt~ny, liberal intercourse
with all nations, ate rccotn-
mended by policy, humanity, and
intcrcst. But cvcn our commcr-
cial should hold an e q d
2nd impartial hind; neither seek-
ing nor granting exclusive f~vors
or prcfcrcnccs; consulting thc
natural cnurseof things; diffusing
and diversifyingby gmtlc m a n s
the streams of commerce, but
forcing nothing; establishing
min opt max
npo6enbl 50% 100% 200%
anpowu 100% 100% 100%
Harmony, liberal interu~urse
wit11 all nations, are recom-
mended by policy, humanity,
and interest. But cvcn our com-
mercial policy shouId hold an
equal and implrtial hand; nd-
[her seeking nor granting exclu-
sivc favors or prcfcrcnccs; con-
sulting the natural course of
things; &ffusitig and divrrsifying
by genle means the streams of
commcrcc, but forcing nothing;
min opt rnax
npo6enu 75% 100% 150%
anpowu 100% 100% 100%
Harmony, liberal intercoilrse
with all nations, are recnm-
metlded by policy, hrlma~uty,
and intcresr. Rut even our wm-
mcrcid policy should hold an
equal and impartial hand; nei-
ther seeking nor granting rxclu-
sive favors or preferences: con-
sulting thc natural coursc of
things; diffusing ~ n ddiversify-
ing hy grtrrlr mcai)s thr strams
of commerce, but forcing notli-
min opt max
npo6enw 90% 100% 125%
anpoutu 100% 100% 100%

Harmony, liberalintercoursewith Harmony, liberal intercoursewith Harmony, liberal intsrcourss

all llations, arc rcco~nrncndcdby
policy, humanity,and interest. Hut
even our commcrcial policy
should hold an equal and impar-
tial hand; ncithcr sccking nor
granting exclusive favors or pref-
rrmces; consulring the natural
course of things; diffusing and
diversifying by gentle means the
streams ofcommerce, but forcing
nothing; establishing with pow-
rnin opt max
npo6enb1 50% 100% 20OoA
anpowu 9556 100% 105%
all nations, arc rccommcndcd by
policy, humanity, and interest.
But even our commercial policy
should hold an equal and impar-
tial hand; ncithcr sccking nor
granting exclusive favors or prcf-
erenccs; consulting the natural
course of things;d i i i n g and di-
versifying by gentle means the
streams ofcommerce, but forcing
nothing; esthlishing wilh pow-
min opt max
npotjenw 75% 100% 150%
anpotuu 95% 100% 105%
with all nations, arc rccom-
mended by policy, humanity, and
intam. But cvrn our commercial
policy shoilld hold an equal and
impartial hand; ncithcr scciung
nor granting exclusive Favors or
prefermco; consirlting rhc natu-
ral course of things; d i h i n g and
diversifying by gende means the
streams of comrnercc, but forcing
nothing; esablishing with powers
min opt rnax
npo6enb1 90% 100% 125%
anpouru 95% 100% 105%

Harmony, liheral intercomewith Harmony, liberal intercoursewith Harmony, liberal inrercourse with
all nati~~ns,
we reu>mmendedhy all natic>nmare reconrmetded by all nttilms, are rcu~mlnelldcdhy
policy hitmmity, andinterat. Bot policy, humanity, and interesr. Bur policy, hhumaniry,and interest. But
cvcnour commcrcial policy should crcnour commcrcid should even our commercial policy
holdanequal and impartial hand; holdan equd and impartial hand; should hold an equal m d impar-
neithcrsekingtt~~rgrantin~exclu-neither seeking nor granting ex- tial hrnd; neitlier seeking nnr
sivc favors or preferences; con- clusive 6avors or prefrrences; cun- granting exclusive f;~vorsor prrf-
sultingthcmrural wurs~ofthin~s: sulringthcnatucll coursc ofthings: crcnccs: consulting thc natural
dimLFinganddivcrsifj4ngbySC"tlc diffusing and diversifying by gcntlc ~ourscof things; d i i i n g and di-
means the streams of commerce, means the streams of commerce, versiFying hy gentle mrans the
but forcing nothing; rstablishing but forcing nothing; rstablislung strruns of conmlercr, but forcing
with powers so disposed, in order with powers so disposed, in or- nothing; establishingwith powers:
min opt max rnin opt max min opt max ;
npO6~bl 50% 100% 200% npo6enb1 75% 100% 150% npo6enb1 90% 100% 125% '
anpowu 90% 100% 110% anpowu 90% 100% 110% anpou 100% 100% 110%
Harmony, liberal intercr)urse with all natir~ns,are
recotiimmded by policy, hunlanity, and interest.
But even our commercial policy should hold an
cqud and impartial hand; ncithcr sccking nor grant-
ing exclusive favors or prefcrcncec; consulting the
natural u~urseof things; diffusing and diversifying
by gentle means the streams of commerce, btit forc-
ing nothing: establishing with powcrs so disposed,
in ordcr to givc to tradc a stablc coursc. to dtfinc
the rights ofour merchants, and to enahlc the p v -
ernmrnt to support them, co~iventionalrules of in-
tercourse, the best thar present circumsrimces and
mutual opinion will pcrmit, but tcmporary and li-
able to be from time to time abandoned or varied,
as experience and circumstances shall dictate; o n -
scantly keeping in view, that it is folly in one nation
to look for disintcrcstcd favors from anothu; that
it must pay with a portion of its indcpcndcncc for
whatwcr it may acccpt undcr that character; that
min opt max
npo6enbl 75% 100% 150%
anpowu 97% 100% 103%
MaKCUMYM IlOCJlWOBaTWlbHblXnepeHOCOB 3
Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are
recommended by policy, humanity, and intcrrst. But
even our commercial policy should hold an equal
and imp& hand; neither seekingnor grmting ex-
clusive favors or consulting the natural
couusc of things; diffusing and diversifying by gcntle
means the streams of commerce,but forcing noth-
ing; estlhlishing with pnwers so disposed, in order
to give ti, t r d e a stahle course, to define the rights
of our merchants, and to enable the government to
support thcm, convcnciond d c s of intcrcoursc,thc
bcst that present circumstanccs and mutual opin-
ion will permit, hut tempnraryand liable to he From
time to time abandoned or varid, as experience and
circumstmces shall dicmte; constantly keeping in
vicw, that it is folly in one mtion to look for disin-
terested favors from another; that ir must pay with
a portion of its it~deprndencefor whatever it may
accrpt undu that char~ctet;that by such acceptance,
min opt max
npo6enbl 85% 100% 125%
anpowu 95% 100% 105%
MaKCUMYM I l O C I l ~ O B a T W l b H b l XnePeHOCOB 3
Harmony, liberal interu)urse with all nations, are
rcwrnnlended by policy, h~rmanicy,and interest.
But even our commercial policy shoulld hold an
cqud and impartial hand; ncithcr sccking nor
granting aclusive favors or preference; consulting
the naturnl ulurse of things; diffusing and diversi-
&ng by gentle means the streams of commerce, but
forcing nothing: cstablihing with powcrs so dis-
posed, in ordcr to givc to tradc a stablc coursc, to
define the rights of our mcrchants, and to cnahle
the government to support them, conventional
rules of intercourse, the best thar present circum-
stances and mutual opinion will pcrmic, but tcm-
porary and li.ible to be from time to time aban-
doned or varied, as wcpcriencc: and circunlstanccs
sball dictate; constaxtly keeping in view, that it is
folly in onc nation ro look for disintcrcstcd favors
from anothcr; that it must pay with a portion of its
independence for whatever it may accept under
min opt max
npo6en~ 85% 100% 125%
anpowu 9756 100% 103%
MaKCLtMYM nOCne,CPBaTenbHblXnePeHOMB 3
Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are
recommended by policy, humanity, and interest.
But rvrn our commercial policy should hold an
equal and impamd hand; neither seeking nor grant-
ing exclusive favors or pafirmcrs; consulting the
natural course of things; dimising and divcrsihng
by means the streams of commerce, but forc-
ing nothing; establishing with powers so disposed.
in order tn give to trade a stahle course, to define the
rights ofour merchants, and to ctrable die gtoverii-
m a t to support them, conventional rules of inter-
counc, thc bcst that prcscnt circumstanccsand mu-
tual opinion will ycrmit, but temporary and liablc
to he from time to time ahandoned or varied, as ex-
puience and circ~~iiistances shall dictate; constantly
keeping in vim, rhat it is folly in one nation to look
for disintcrcstcd favors from anothcr: that it must
pay with a portion of its independence for whatever
it may accept undcr that character; that hy such ac-
min opt max
npo6enu 90% 100% 110%
anpowu 95% 100% 105%
MaKCUMYM llWe&OBaTenbHblXllepeHOWE 3
 PMC. 10.146 (CTP. 216). IIpa
Harmony, liberal inrerwilrse with all nations, are recornrnmded by + O P M ~ T KOAOHKH,
~ PaBHOM
policy, I~unw~ily, and inrcrzrt. BIILeven our cornmercia1policy shoiild 17% n&iKH, 1 1 p o 6 n e ~ b 1BepCTKI?,
hold an equal and impartial hand; nei~l~er seeking tlor gran~irigcr-
KOTOPbIe 6 b I A t i 3aMeTHbI H a ripe-
clusive favors or preferenus; consulting the natural course of things;
A b U y L t t e M PPiCyHKe, CTaHOBXTCX
diffusing and diversifying hy gentle means the streams ofcommerce,
M e H e e O U I ~ ~ I I M ~ I MBUA
. ~BOG
KO-
but forcing nothing; establishing with powcrs so disposcd, in ordcr
AOHKe B e p X H e r O P X A a BCe T O -
to givc to tradc a stablc coursc, to dcftnc thc rights of our mcrchants,
K a caepcramr 6e3 ~apymeHIlii 3a-
and tn cnablc thc govcrnmcnt to support thun, wnvcntional rules of
rnin opt max AaHHbIX A N a n a 3 0 H O B npo6e~oa
npo6enb1 85% 100% 125% M e X A y c h O B a M I l U ~ ~ K B ~ MHO
M ,
anpowu 95% 100% 105% Y p e 3 M e p H O U I H P O K M ~A~H X I a 3 0 H
AAX npo6enoa M e X A y CAOBaMH
Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are reconmended by c 0 3 ~ a en p~ o 6 n e ~ b 1C u B e T a n
policy, humanity, and interest. But even our comn~ercialpolicy should U I ~ I ? + T ~ .C T ~ O KCHY ~ T B ~ P T O ~ ~
hold an equal and inlpartial hand; neither seeking nor granting aclu- A0 B O C ~ M O GH a 6 p a ~ b 1C X a T O EI
sivc favors or preferenas; consulting the natural course of things; dif- BblrMAXT 6onee TeMHbIMII, Y e M
Fusing and diversifyingbygendc m a n s the strcams of commerce, but npyrxe 6onee pa3pemen~bre
forcing nothing; establishing with powers so disposed, in ordcr to give CTPOKM. B npa~oGKOAOHKe B e p -
to tradc a stablc coursc, to d&nc thc rights of our mcrchants, and to mero pwa cyxeeue naanasoaa
cnablc thc govcrnmcnt to support thcm, convcntional d c s of intcr- AAX npo6e~oaMeXCAy CAOBBMH
min opt max 6e3 pacruapexrm A a a n a o a a ~ 3 -
npo6en~ 90% 100% 110% M e H e H u a anpomeii coanae~ MHO-
anpoluu 95% 100% 105%
ro p a 3 p e x e ~ ~ b 1CTPOK.
x Ae~m
KOAOHKa B HEIXHeM PRAY R B M -
Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, arc recommended by
policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy eTCX n p e K p a C H b I M n p U M e p O M
should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor grant- KOMnpOMUCCa: o6wai BMA n p O -
ing exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of 6 e n o ~I4 XUBeT, I I I ~ I I + T ~AOCTa-
rhings; d i % i and diversifying by gentle means the streams of corn- TOYHO p a B H O M e p H b I e . B~~BBOG
mace, but forcing nothing; establishing with powcrs so disposed, in KOAOHKe HIIXHeTO P R A a O r p a H H -
order to givc to trade a stable course, to dcfmr. the rights of our mer- Yeme manaxma npo6eno~M e x -
chants, and to enable the government to support them, convrnrional ~y cnosama a a e T npueMneMbre
rnin opt max pe3YAbTaTb1, HO 38 CYeT 6 o ~ b m e -
npo6enbl 9056 100% 110% r0 KOAUYeCTBa IIepeHOCOB
anpouu 97% 100% 103%

Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by PMC. 10.14B. IIpa + o p ~ a ~KCFe
policy, humanity, and interest. But even our wmmzrci;tl policy AOHKkI, PaBHOM 24 IIMKaM, ~ a 6 o p
should l~oldan equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor grant- K e r A e M 11 A a e T x o p o ~ ~ ~ pe-
xfi
ing exclusive favors or preferences; cnnsulting the natural course of
things; diffusing and divers$ing by gentle means the srrams of
ulmmrrcr, hut forcing nothing; rstal~lishin~ with powers so dis-
posed, in order to give to trade a stahle course, co define the rights of
our mcrchants, and to cnablc thc govcmmcnt to support thcm, con-
rnin opt max
npoSenb~ 85% 100% 125%
anpoluu 100% 100% 100%
2 78 Yacmb II. Kalt sepcrnarnb rneltcrn

YBeMYeHHeM, a H e YMeHLLLIeHHeM. B e n H Y w ~ fal H a n a 3 0 -

H a 3 a B H C H T OT AAHHLI CTPOKU H K e r h f i LLIPH+T~.
Ha puc. 10.14 (A-B) n p e A c T a s n e H L 1 HeKoTopLIe npn-
MepLI.
K o r ~ +a O ~ M ~KOAOHKH
T HAeaAeH A M K e r A Z IIIpH+-

T a ~ o i iA H a I I a 3 0 H A O A X e H C # ~ O ~ M H ~ O B ~ T L TeKCT
C M U H H M U b H L I M KOhElYeCTBOM A ~ + E I C O B H 6 e 3 ~ o n e 6 a -
~ P ~ B H L I Xq 0 K a . x . ECAH
~ I l i<i < w e T a *L I I P E ~ + T~a BLI HC-
n O A b 3 y e T e Y ~ K & LLIPH+T, TO MOXHO H3MeHIITb 3HaYe-
HHZ TaK: 90%, 100%Pi 120% COOTBeTCTBeHHO. M ~ o r o e
pe BO BTOPOM PRAY c B e p x y yxe- 3aBHCHT OT raPHHTJ'PLI IIlpr?+~a, H lpe6ye~cx
HeKOTO-
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6 ~ 1
M e X A y CAOBaMA 3 a C T a B A X e T
A H T ~n p n e M A e M L I e ~ H ~ Y ~ H HIIPH
R . o Y e m IIIH~OKO~~
I I p O r p a M M y OCHOBbIBaTbCX 60-
Aee H a anpornax, YTO npmonm
nonoce ~ a 6 o p UX
a MOXHO ewe YBeAHrHTb.
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~ T~KCTB. ~ P O ~ P ~ M MBePCTKM
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3 u a ~ ~ b I1I aep a M e T p b I T e K C T a 06pa30~,'ITO~LI OHH IIOACBeYHBaAH CTPOKH, KOTOpLIe
np0-
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6 e ~ ~a o~c r a ~ o s c~~ oo 6i o ~ b 1 ,
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.iyp p a 3 p e X e H H b I M H . n p N ~ e p
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r op,
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B a e M ~ e p H b 1 Gn y T b K Y P O A A I I B O ~BepCTKe
~ Pi K TpyAHO-
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Xe H ~ C T P O ~ ~ aKnHp 0 J l I e f i
COCTOEiT B TOM, w 0 6 b 1 TOALKO A a T b BO3MOXHOCTb np0-
r p a M M e OTbICKaTb OnTUMZlAbHOe MeCTO p a 3 p b I B a CTPO-
KII. k I ~ e Z l A b H b 1IIpeACTaBAXeTCX
~ T a K O e II3MeHeHHe
n p o 6 e ~ o K~ o, T o p o e ocTaeTca n p a K m r e c K H ~ e 3 a ~ e ~ -
HbIM. ~ T O ~Aer=Ie
O BCerO A O ~ I I T ~ C Xn p I I AOCTaTOYHO
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T ~ HAM IIOAOCLI ~a6opa.
K o r ~ aXe KOAOHKa Y3KaX (KBK B r a 3 e ~ a ~TO) , 3 T 0 MO-
X e T OKa3aTbCX II BOBCe HeB03MOXHbIM.
B K H I I X H O ~C?pOKe, ~ ~ e m a ~ 60-70
o ~ e SHBKOB,
f PMC. 10.15. , b X 3 a X KOAOHKa Ha-
H ~ M ~ H ~ anporueii
H I I ~ Ha 5%n a e T n p o r p a M M e eme OKO- 6pa11a 6e3 p a s p e m e ~ ~ a~a 3 ~ e -

A 0 2 IIYHKTOB 3 a I l a C a r116~0cm (IIowII IIOAOBMHB LUX- anporuM. B p e 3 y n b ~ a ~no-

e
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o ~ enonysxna Ha-
K a T b MeCTO n e p e H O C a , KOTOpOe MeHLIUe IICKa3XT IIpO- 60p c 6onec paBIIOMeptrbIMX

6 e s 1 M e X n y CAOBaMII (PEIC. 10.15).kI n o ~ p e 6 y e ~ c x npo6ena~~i

: When you prepare a manuscript for an in-
compatible computer system or program, or
when the target computer is unknown, you
should produce your manuscript in a univer-
2 sally recognizable file format. A writer pre-
paring a manuscript for an unspecified pub-
lisher would work this way. So would an au-
: thor who posts a manuscript on an elec-
tronic bulletin board that can be read by any
kind of computer. Most computers and pro-
- grams need formatting instructions written
in their own particular way.
When you prepare a manuscript for an incom-
patible computer system or program, or when
the target computer is unknown, you should
produce your manuscript in a universally rec-
ognizable file format. A writer preparing a
manuscript for an unspecified publisher
would work this way. So would an author who
posts a manuscript on an electronic bulletin
board that can be read by any kind of com-
puter. Most computers and programs need
formatting instructions written in their own
particular way.
220 Yacma II. K a x aepcmama mexcm

an-
OYeHb OCTpOe 3 p e H H e , w 0 6 b 1 3 a M e T H T b p a 3 A U s A e
p0IIIeii B 5%. (Ha PAC. 10.15 OCHOBHOe p a 3 ~ ~ = 1 a M
e eX-
ny I I p u M e p a M H COCTOHT B )'MeHbUIeHHH MeXCAOBHbIX
npo6enoa, a H e anporueii.)
,&iana30~H ~ M ~ H ~anpo~efi, H H ~ p a ~ ~ b r*lo%,
i i OKa-
3 b I B a e T 6onee CHAbHOe BAARKIle H a BepCTKy, A H a 3TOM
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c 6onee YBKI~MH A M e H e e Y ~ K H M Aa n p o r u a M A . ~ O B T O -
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p H m ~a6opa ITAO?ZIOMy (BO~MOXHO, C~ ~ 3Ha-
s e m i e M - 9574, M ~ K C ~ ~ H- ~ 11% I M name 11596,
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ki~ornaa r c r u l n e ~ ~ ~LLIPHC@T
b~ii ~ a 6 ~ p ca Cm ~ ~ yse- H O
Clovis State Bank AAYeHHbIMH npo6ena~u M e X A y ~ F B ~ M I I . TO nposecc

Wants to Help You ~a3b1sae~c~pa3p~dlcou (letterspacing).

'" B6 0 n b m ~ c m e
I I p O T a M M BepCTKH H e T H y X A b I CneI&H&AbHOAAR 9TOrO
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Your Savings ~YKBWEI. BM~CTO
3 T O r 0 CAeAyeT ACIIOAl3OBaTb K O M m -
ny npu~ydume~mou" (forcejustify). OH^ amo-
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HIlX 8 ~ ' T f l e A b ~ ba6sw,
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p e X e H H O C T u 3 ~ 0 CTpOKU.
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Ka a 6 s a ~M T OB~C~~ G
a O X e T 6 b I T b rpOTeCKH0 P ~ C T I I H ~n0 Shall the Town Council need voter
CTpOKe. EcAH n p O r p a M M a H e IIO3BOncIeT OIIpeAeAHTb approval before spending
budget surpluses?
30HY BbIKAIOYKU, A y Y u I e IIpHHyAHTeAbHyIo BbIKAIo9KY
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[3 Yes No
K crpoxe, cocromeG scero a 3 UOB, M O ~ qOa -
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p b r e n p o r p a M M b I 11pemara~~fpa3J~uzawguzl' n p 6 ' ~(flush
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222 Vacma II. Kalc oepcmamb melccm
PHC. 10.18.B 0 6 b 1 9 ~ TeKCTe 0 ~
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6en n p H M e p H 0 p a B e H IuEipEiHe
npo6ena M e x A y cnoamn. Ho
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n p o 6 n e ~ ypeIUaeT KerehbHblfi
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T ~ A ~ HPaCTX-
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sanornmb CAOBOM BCH) CTPOKY.
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 PMC. 10.19. B BepXHeM n p u M e -
pe anpouru p e h u r e H b r paaao-

Angel's Hair MepHo, HO B O K P Y ~ anoc~po+a

0 6 p a s o a a n o c b U ~ ~ ~ T I - O Ynpo-
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ro
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=1~06b1 AOCTII'I~ 6 o ~ e y
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semoMy n ~ 3 a k e p yH ~ a M m p a + yr e p ~ a m yuan+y
(Hermann Zapf).
A o m a m r o nofixofla 6e3ynpes~a.EM H a T o K e
p a 3 b f e ~ a e ~ 70
c x ~ Y K BH 7-8 MeXCAOBHbM npo6eno~, 3TO
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e
224 Yacma II. K U Ksepcmama melccm

tunpn~as u a ~ o s100% uupuwa ~ 98-102%

H ~ K O B

The word advtrtiring is derived The word advertiring is derived

from udwrr, which means "to turn
the mind toward." In a broad
sense, therefore, advertising is
turning or drawing attention to-
ward something, and in this sense
any means used to draw atrention
toward any purpose is advertising.
In commercial wage, the means is
anything that secures publicity, and
thepurpose is to sell somerhing. The
"something" is usually an article of
merchandise.
from adwrt, which means "to turn
the mind toward." In a broad sense,
therefore, advertising is turning or
drawing attention toward some-
thing, and in this sense any means
used to draw attention toward any
purpose is advertising. In commer-
cial usage, the mum is anything that
secures publicity, and thepurpwe is to
sell somerhing. The "something" is
usually an arricle of merchandise.
J

Ha 3 ~ 0 i ic T p o K e OKOAO 70 anpomeii, n p a B n a , Ha-

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I
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G M O X e T U3MeHEITbCR
npIlMepH0 H a '/4 K ~ X A ~ H YTO
O ~ ~AOCTaTOYHO
, MHOFO.
K ~ HK n p o 6 e n o ~M e X A y CAOBaMH EI ~ ~ K B ~ M H ,
BaM ~ e o 6 x o n k i ~ o
OnpeAeAXTb MHHEIMkUbHOe, 0nTIIMa.G-
H o e H MaKCHMaAbHOe 3HaYeHHR AAR EI3MeHeHIIR XIIMPUH
3H~KOB,O~PaHUYMBaRMXOTKnOHeHEIRA~COXP~HeHklX
eCTeCTBeHHbIX n p O n 0 p ~ E I f i~ Y K B .
 K comaneaaro, o n a c a H H a R Q~HKUHR C y x u e c T B y e T T O A ~ K OB n p o r p a M M e Adobe
InDesign, HO n o c K o A b K y ee n p H M e H e H u e ~ ~ M ~ Ty nHy sOr u a e T Ka-iecrBo aepcmu, noxo-
x e , 9 T O CKOPO OHa CTaHeT 06u~enpa~mofi.

Y u a y ~ MLICAL
u - B c e r A a U M ~ T Lnon pyrcoii T ~ C T O B L AI ~o~K y M e m n.u nposeprtu ycrmo-
B H e r 0 CAeAyeT BKMO9EITb 0 6 p a 3 q b 1 BePCTKH
BOK + ~ H K I J H U IIepeHOCOB El BLIKAlO'IKU.
AAX HeCKOAbKUX + O P M ~ T O B IIOAOCbI ~ a 6 o p aC BbIKAIOYeHHbIM U Q A ~ ~ O H B ~~~I OM~ O M .
nepen H a s a n o M pa6o~b1npwc~oiiTeA o K y M e H T y ~ p e 6 y e ~ b 1 ri ui p u + ~u ~ a n e ~ a ~ a k e
HeCKOAbKO BapSiaHTOB, UC~OAL3Yff YCTaHOBKN +~HKUMIIIIepeHOCOB N BbIKAIO9KU. CO-
xpaxiewe BTUX P a c n e q a T o K 06ecne911~B a c u ~ + o p ~ a u ~ l eO i ni p o m b ~ ~
x ac~poii~ uax
C3KOHOMUT MHOrO B p e M e H H B 6ynyu1e~.

BePCTKIi
~ P O ~ ~ M M ~ In0CTaBARH)TCff C O n p e n e A e H H b I M ~ a 6 o p YCTaHOBOK
o~ n0 yMOAYa-
HUH).Cpen~ HHX u n a p a M e T p b 1 n e p e H o c o B H B ~ I K N O ~ K HB, Y~CTIIOCTN, B e m m n b I nuana-
30HOB H3MeHeHUR npo6enoa MeX,lly CAOBaMU Pi ~ F B ~ M H . Hu O a H a U 3 3TMX YCTaHOBOK
IIPaKTU9eCKIl H e WCXIOAb3yeTCR, n03TOMY, H e 3 a A y M b I B W C b , KX C P a 3 Y Ha&O OTKnIOgaTL.
YCT~HOBKII
nepeHOCOB H B b I K A W W MOXHO BCTpLWBaTb B C l K U i (O~LIYHOOHEl OTHOCXP
ur K n a p i t M e ' r p a M a63aue~), n o v r o M y B ~ MI o m e T e y c n e r u H o npuh4emm-b xopomo 3 a p e ~ o ~ e ~ -
J o s a m e c e 6 pmee ~ ~ C T ~ O B K (6ohee
II n o n p 0 6 ~ y ~UH+OPM~UUKI
1 o cx-mxx a.6 U. 7 7).

Jaxe co c ~ p y n y ~ e 3n o~ ,0q o 6 p a ~ x ~ x
~~Hu~ ~ ~ H U nXe pM
e HAo c o B u B ~ I K A ~ Y KnUp o r p a M -
MbI BePCTKU U H O r a a (POPMHPY~OT
H ~ Y ~ ~ ' IMHa KLe T
~ CTpaHNULI. B o 3 ~ u ~ a m ~ ~ e
HeflOZIe-
3 1~ ~ I B ~ L
ABYX K a T e r o p ~ f i :T e , KOTOPLIe BANXIOT H a CTPOKY UAH V Y I I I I b I CTPOK, U T e ,
H ~ T
SOTOpLIe BNIHIOT H a BCH) CTPaHUUY. H ~ K O TI IO
p O~
T a~
MMI b~I paCIIOAWaK?T MeXaHll3MOM,
226 Yucma II. K ~ sepcmama
K mexcm

Pazipeme~~bre
HAM CmaTbIe CTPOKN
C ~ Mp aOC n~p 0 ~ ~ p Z l H e ~ npo6ne~oii
~Ofi B e p C l X H RBAReTCR H M 9 H e CTpOK, KOTOpbIe no
TOG HAH HHOG n p H r H H e H e M O T 6 b 1 ~ b~ a 6 p a ~ b 1 6 HapyIIIeHHR
e 3 naanasoaa MeXCAOB-
HLIX np06eho~H aIIp0ILIeG. ~ P O ~ P ~ M M0L6 Ib 1 9 ~ 0 HaCTpOeHbI T a K H M 06pa30~,9 T O
B BTOG CHTyaIJHH CTPOKH g a v e OKa3bIBaXITCR 6 o ~ e pea 3 p e X e H H b I M H , 9 e M IIAOTHLIMH.
EOA~ILIHHCTBO I I P O r p a M M BePCTKH I I P e A A W a X I T 4 3 ~ ~ 4 1 IIOACBeTKH
1 ~ ) IIPO~A~MH~IX
CTPOK, I4 BBM C A e d y e T BCe B p e M R A e p X a T b 3TY ~ Y H K U H H )~ K T H B H O ~YHCAO
. IIOACBe9eH-
HLIX ~ ~ O ~ A ~ M H ~ RBAReTCR
CTpOK I X G a p o ~ e ~ pnOKa3bIBaIOUrHM,
o~, HaCKOAbKO y A a 9 H O
~ b 1 6 p a H b 1n a p a M e T p b I n e p e H O c O B H BbIKAIOZIKM. ECARBbI HeAOBOAbHbI ~ O A ~ L U HKOAH9e-
M
CTBOM nOACBe9eHHbIX CTPOK, TO H e CAeAyeT BHHH'l% B 3TOM n p O r p a M M Y .
n p ~ r p a ~OAHaKO, ~ a , H e CTaHeT n O n C B e W i B a T b ) % ~ A H . I ~ H Hnpo6en, ~I~~ eCAH er0 3Ha-
9 e H H e IIOnaAaeT B Y C T ~ H O B A ~ H H ~I II pGe A e A . y BaC 3 a 0 9 e H b I I A o T H o ~ ~(HO A O ~ ~ C T H M O )
C T ~ O K OM G O X e T CAeAOBaTb O 9 e H b p a 3 p e X e H H a R (HO L[OIIYCTHMO)CTpOKa, H OHH H e 6 y n y ~
IIOACBe9HBaTbCR. 6 0 ~ e IIAOTHLIee CTpOKH CpeAH 6onee p a 3 p e X e H H b I X A e r K O OTMe9aIOT-
CR BBrARAOM, nOTOMy 9 T O OHH BbIrAXART T e M H e e . ~ O A O ~ H L I 0M6 p a 3 0 ~ , 6onee pa3pe-
m e H H L I e C T ~ O K HB ~ I ~ M ~ H~ aXc TT p m H u e K a K 6onee c s e T & r e ~ ~ M ~ T K CHm. y a m i r ? , no-
A O ~ H 3THM,
~ I ~ S i t m e B C e r O X a p a K T e p H b I AAR y 3 K H X KOAOHOK, KOTAa I I p O r p a M M a
B b I H y X A e H a UCnOAb3OBaTb 3HaYeHHX, OTAHYHbIe OT OIITHMULHbIX.

Ecna I I a p a M e T p b I IIepeHOCOB H BbIKAIOSKH IIpHeMAeMbI, TO O C H O B H O ~I ~I P H ~ H H o~~ e~ y ~ a 9 -

HbIX npo6eno~ B CTpOKe RBAXeTCR OTCj'TCTBHe OIITIlMahbHbIX IIepeHOCOB. kI B a M CAeAyeT
YCTaHaBAIlBaTL HX B P P H Y I O , eCAH YX I I p O r p a M M H b I e YCTaHOBKH H e AaIOT YAaVHLIX p e -
r r r e ~ ~ iH
i .a n p x ~ e p B, nporpaMMe s a n a ~ oo r p a H H r e H H e K o m q e c T s a C M e x H b I x CTPOK
C IIepeHOCaMH, KOTOpOe H e nO3BOAReT eG P e U I H T b C A O X H ~ ICAY&,
~~ B O ~ H H K L U HB~TeKY-
~
meii c T p o K e . II y M e H b m e m i e K o n x r e c T s a B H ~ K O BAO H nowe n e p e H o c a n o M o m e T o 6 e c n e -
9 U T b AY~ILIHGB a p H a H T OKOH9aHUII CTpOKH.
Korna ~ e ~ e p ~n ebp e~ Hfo ci CO3AaeT n p o 6 ~ e ~My ,C ~ O A ~ A~H cYK ~~€ !Ru E ~ o H H ~ In~ ~e + ~ c
p a 3 6 ~ ~CAOBO
(H HHKOrAa X ~ C T K NA~~ C ~ I N C ) ,~ 0 6 b y1 6 e ~ m IbI p O r p a M M Y b TBM, r A e B a M
~ a k e ~ cn sp ie n n o w m e A L H e e (PHC. 10.21).
 a e p c ~ ~na p
, e ~ o x e ~ n~ pa onr p a ~ ~ o i
What has since followed are but natural
consequences. With the success of their
first movemen6 this small fanatical party
began to acquire strength; and with that,
to become an object of courtship to both
great parties. The necessary conse- I:
quence was a further increase of power,
and a gradual tainting of the opinions of
both of the other parties with their doc-
trines, until the infecrion has extended
over both.
,~06aene~~
n er ~ o nepe~oca
ro
What has since followed are but natural
consequences. With the success of their
first movement, this small fanatical par- ::
ty began to acquire strength; and with
that, to become an object of courtship to
both great parties. The necessary conse-
quence was a further increase of power,
and a gradual tainting of the opinions of
both of the other parties with their doc-
trines, until the infection has extended
over both.

PHC. 10.21.n p u ~ e Bp n e ~ o iKO-

i
AOHKe MMeeT HeyAa.IHyIo CTpO-
C ~ p o ~~ao,~ o p acnyqako
rr o ~ a s a n a c b6onee Ilnn Me- KY OH^ n o ~ e ~ e ~Haiinx a ) . ub-
Hee nnomoii, s e M oKpymaIomue CT~OKII, ti KOTOPYK) ~ep1ia~uBllb1ii pa3pbIB CAOBa
He yAaeTca Hcnpasm c ~ e ~ oMecT i i nepesocoa, 06b1s- B n p e n b ~ ~ y u i eci i~ p o (~Ke~ Kno-
HO n 3 n e ~ n ~ a e TpemroM.
~cx O C O ~ ~ HecnPi H OB, Aeno ~ a s a B~ npaaoii
o KOAOHK~),
CTPOKY.
BOBAeYb M CTPOKEI, OKpY3KilH3UDie IIPO~A~MHYIO M O X H O UCnpaBUTb 3Ty IIOI-PeIII-
H O ~XOTR . H O B ~ nepeHoc I ~ He
T p e m (KOTOP~G nonp06~o0 6 c y x w a e ~ c6~ w. 17) BnrteTcR OIITHM~JG,H~IM (pa36u-
H3MeIureT 11p06e-I BO BCeM cppar~eme TeKCTa, Pi HHOr-
enue c h o s a a3 nmu 6 y He~ ~
A a MOXHO C + O P M N P O B ~ T ~ CTPOKY EiHaYe (T. e. U3Me- ono6prre~cx),o6wuii pC3yAbTaT
HMTb MeCTO pa3pbIBa cT~oKM)
AaXe HesHaYPiTeAbHbIM 3HaSUTeAbHO APIIIe
m i e ~ (PEIC.
~ s ~ e ~ e TpeKMHra 10.22).
TO U3MeHeHNe COBCeM ~ e 0 6 x 3 a ~ e IIpPiMeHIITb
~b~o
K ~ 03HPiKAa npo6ne~a,AOCTaTOs-
CTpOKe, B K O T O P O ~ B
HO npIIMeHuTb TpeKkmr K npyr0fi crpoKe, Z I T O ~B~ 3
I ~0fi
cTpoKe npo~isomnacMeHa MecTa p a s p b r ~ aCTPOKU.
T p e m 06bmo B b I p m a m B KerehbH~fi,
M
~ O ~ ~ C nporpaMM
T B O em^ KerehbHyIO Ha 1 mnonefi
(3a TOYHOEM H ~ O P M ~ I 0I 6Ep~a ~m~~~e c b
K PYKOBOACTBY
AAXTOTO 9 ~ 0 6 bYMeHbIIIUTb
~ ~ 0 enfpiO r p a ~ ~ b 1 ) . 1 Tpe-
~ k mHr a 103'0, c h e w o n p e n e m ero s ~ a s e m Ke ~ -100.
K
AAXTOTO Z I T O ~ ~YBI eAMYMTb TpeKHHT, UeAyeT 3aAa-
ISaTb IIOAOXUTeAbHbIe 3Ha9eHUX.
228 Yacma I1 Kax sepcrnama rnexcrn

eepcma, npennoxeHHas n p o r p a u ~ o i ~ 0 6 a e n e ~MsrKoro

Character is not expressed very
definitely by means of a person's
ears. Nevertheless, there are a few
indications worth noting. Seeing
that ears are primarily intended for
purposes of hearing, it will be fit-
ting to commence with a descrip-
tion of what is termed the musical
ear.
~e nepeHoca
0 Character is not expressed very def-
initely by means of a person's ears.
Nevertheless, there are a few indi-
3 cations worth noting. Seeing that
ears are primarily intended for pur-
poses of hearing, it will be fitting to
commence with a description of
what is termed the musical ear.

PHC. 10.22. B A ~ B KOAOHKe

O ~ &GI EICIIpaBAeHuII npo6eno~ CEtpa.ihTcbYAepXIlsaTb
nepnax u YeTnepTax cTpoKa nriana30~Tpemmra, p a ~ ~ b x*5%f i (T. e. rt50/1000 KereAb-
o g e H b p a 3 p e m e ~ b 1 .Y ~ e ~ b m e -
HMe T p e K H H r a 8 B ~ P X HCTPO- ~ ~
~ 0 f i )ECAH
. Y BaC IIOAyZIHAaCb CTpOKa CAHWKOM IIAOT-
K e 06ecnesuno n e p e M e q e H u e HOG ma, H ~ O ~ O pa3pexemoii,
~OT, B ~ pacKyeTe,
I pe-
OAHOrO CAOra CO BTOPOH CTPO- WHB OnHY n p 0 6 n e ~ y ,IlOAyZIHTb npyryro - CTPOKEI,
KM, n b 1 3 n a n n e p e n e p c T K y ncero y KOTOPbIX ~ ~ O ~ ~ A L I ~ O~TAMEiY~aIOTTCHR OOT OKpyXa-
a 6 3 a u q TO YA~YUIUAO BW n
IOUHX, HO y x e no ~ l ~ on ipim m e .
Y ~ T B ~ ~C T O K~M , a
T ~O saoa~o
ACKAlOWiAO R HeAOnYCTUMO
KOPOTKYKI (BMCR~YIO) nocne-
AHIOlO CTPOKY

C ~ M ~ I PaCIIPOCTpaHeHHblMEI
MH IiCTOgHUKaMEf XUBeTO-
BOrO, KOHTpaCTa MeXAy a 6 3 a u a ~RBARIOTCR ~1 HeyMe-
PeHHbIe PyZIHbIe H ~ C T P O ~ ~ K I ITO
. OYeHb 3aMeTHO Ha
CTpaHIinax H C ~ P H ~ A aO npwzma
B, c o c ~ o mB TOM, YTO
B I I O C A ~ A HM
KO~MeHT AeAiuoTCR peAaKTOpCKHe IIpaB-
KEI. K o r ~ aBepCTKa 3aKOHYeHa, TBOpYeCKaR rpyrrna He
AOAXHa pa3peIIIaTb PeAaKTOpaM MeHSTb ~ ~ o - r n 6 ( ~0 a -
npaMep, neham a63ay AnwHHee ma ~ o p o q e )noToMy ,
YTO ~ro6oeEI3MeHeHIle B AAIlHe TeKCTa OTpaBIlTCR Ha
BCeX IIOCAeA~loWIlXCTpaHEIUaX, BOSMOXHO, CO3AaBaZ-I
HOBbIe n p o 6 ~ e ~ BePCTKH
b1 IlhM ,4eAUl CTaTbIO CAHIII-
KOM AAXHHOG xm KOPOTKOG ~ A Somenemoro I eG Mema.
230 Yacma ZZ.Kax sepcmama mexcm

ECAH3 T a n p o 6 n e ~ aBO3HHKAa no BHHe p e A a K T 0 -

POB, TO pe3OHHO ~ O T ~ ~ ~ OI I eBp e~n H
T c aLT b TeKCT a63a-
U a T a K , 9 ~ 0 6 b 1OH OCTZUCX B npeaenax IIPHHXTbIX YCTa-
HOBOK (HAU npIl CaMbIX H e 3 H a . I m e A b H L I X U3MeHeHHRX
'I'pe~llHKi).EUH 3 T 0 HeBOSMOXHO, TO CTOHT nonpo6o-
BaTL H3MeHHTb T p e K H H r H e B OAHOM, a B HeCKOAbKIIX
a6aaqax, 9 ~ 0 6 II3MeHeHHe
~1 <'uBeTa, KOCHYAOCL II CO-
CeAHIlX a 6 3 a u e ~ .~ O C M O T P H TT~a K X e , HeAL3X AH KO-
POTKJ'IO CTPOKY BTXHYTL H a IlpeAbIAYUIJ'IO UAH, ~ao60-
POT, Y a c T b nnonxoji CTOKU nepeHecTH H a c n e A y m a y r o .

Ecnn IIOCAeAHXX CTpOKa a6aaua O s e H b KOPOTKU, OHa

Ha3LIBaeTCR @ U C R Y ~C~ ~" P O K O ~ -
? 46d060u"* (widow).O A H ~ -
ABe CTpOKH, OCTaBAeHHbIe H a CaMOM B e p X y UAH B Ca-
MOM HH3Y KOAOHKII, C9UTaeTCR BUCRYUU CmPOKaiUU -
ccupomaiuuu (orphan) ( p ~ c .10.24).

His story contains a moral, worthy of

PI3C. 10.24. Ase CTOKU B ca-
MOM HU3Y KOAOHKU, < < ~ P o L L ~ ~ H -
HbIe CUpOTbI* BbIMWXT COBCeM
OTOpBaHHbIMU O T O C T ~ A L I X O ~ ~
saCTU CTpaHUULI. Echa no6a-
BUTS, XOTX 661 ewe OAUY C ~ O -
KY, T O 3TOT ~PP~~M~HT CTaHeT
6onee BeCOMbIM
the attention of all little bids and little
boys, warning them to keep to those
refmed and intellectual pursuits that
raised him to so high a pitch of popu-
larity during the early part of his career,
but to eschew a l l tendency to that gross
and dissipated indulgence that brought
this mistaken little bird to an untimely
end.
The Rabbit's Tale
I t is a seldom appreciated fact that a
 E C J W H ~ O ~ X O A E I MCOX a T L A O I I O A H X T ~ A ~ H
TeKCT
~I~~
m I I P a C T X H p J ' K o P o ' ~ ~ H H ~a63a9,
I ~ ~ TO eCTb B e p H p b
a6aauy HCXOAHyIo ~~, T a K X e IICnOAL3yIoT T p e K W .
Phorga ~mofi< < ~ ~ ) ~p a c r a m m npo-
~ I B oKI oY m
C T M CAJ'Y&~OCT~, Ei BnOAHe BO3MOXH0, TIXI ~ i t ~ 0 f i - T O
a6sau H a c T p a H u u e C T ~ A6onee p a 3 p e x e ~ ~ m b ru~60-
nee c x a ~ b u l u 3 - 3 aT o r o , TO n a p a M e T p b 1 n e p e H o c o B u
BbIKhloYKH npOCTO AOIIYCKaWT 3 T 0 . XOTR<<UBeTOBOen
pasnusue M e x n y a 6 3 a u a ~ uB WOM cnysae H u K o r A a
H e 6 b 1 ~ a CTOAb
e ~ pa3EiTeAbHbIM, K a X npli H e y A a s H b I X
YCTaHOBKaX TpeKFfHra.
B A I O ~ O Mc n p a e , ChEirUKOM C ~ a ~ HJW
b s CJWIII-
KOM p a 3 p e x e ~ ~ b 1a63a4
fi B cepenme C T ~ ~ H H Us b~u Ie -
NieTCR KaK 6 e n b ~ 0H a r A a 3 y ( ~ H c .10.23).

The break-in occurred sometime between

1:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m., and the intruder re-
mained for at least an hour, according to In-
spector Lombardo. "It would take at least that
long,'' he said, "to go through so many files
with such evident care."
This fact has led investigators to suspect
that the intruder had knowledge of the routines
of the security guards, who pass by the office
every 90 minutes. Police are interrogating six
members of the security staff looking for evi-
dence of collusion.
l h e investigationis centering on WIlliamW
Lombard0 (no relation to the chief investigator in
the case), who has both arecord of robbery convic-
tiom as well as political ties to those. who would PHC. 10.23. T ~ K Cno6asnea-
T,
profit by knowing the contentsof the stolen files.
11b1g B IIOCAeAHH3K) MUHYTY B
Spokesmen of both parties deny any mal-
TpeTNii a63a4, 6 b 1 CXaT
~ AAII
feasance, either by dint of involvement in the
break-in or by having anything to hide in any TOTO, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1
COXPaIINTb SUCAO
of the office's files. Political insiders, though, c r p o ~B
. p e 3 y n b ~ a ~nonyslm-
e
believe that both are dissembling, at the very CII 6 o ~ e Te ~ M H N~nnon3b1f
I ~ a6-
least. Neither party has been forthcoming with 3au, KOTOPLI% BLIAeAReTCR Cpe-
any details. npyrxx a63arre~
 BUCR'I~SI
CTPOKa-aBAOBam 6 b 1 ~ a CTOAb
e ~ K O P O T K O ~ ~9, T O OCTaBIIIeeCIi n y c T O e MeCTO
~ a ~ oCTPOKU
fi c03nae~Bne'IaTAeHHe O T ~ U B K UM e m a y a 6 3 a u a ~K~ o. r ~ nono6aax
a c~po-
Ka - IIOCAeAHRR B KOAOHKe, TO K m e T C H , 9 T O 3 T a KOAOHKa KOpO'ie CBOUX coce~efiH a
~e~yLllefi
m U p
('ITo e ~ e H) a CM~XHO; CTpaHHLle. ECAUB TeKCTe IIIUpOKUe a 6 3 a u ~ b 1 e
O T C T F b I , CTPOKa-<<BAOBa* H e C M O X e T XIepeKPLITb a 6 3 a u ~ b 1 ; OTCTJTI, ~ ~ C ~ O A O X ~ H H ~ I ~ ~
. y x C T ~ O K - ~ B & O B >n )o,I i B x B m M x c x
non ~ e f iA 113-3a n e p e H o c a c n o r l a c n p e n b ~ n y r u e f ci ~ p o -
KH, c n e n y e T ~ 3 6 e r a ~
~mb 6 0 f ueaofi.
i
B x c I i ~ CTPOKU-<<CIiPOTbI*
~ e p a 3 6 1 i ~ a mMOHOAUTHOCTb
~ +OPM H i t 6 p a H H b 1 ~KOAOHOK.
O H I C~ O ~ ~ ~B n
We qTa T n e H H e pa3np06ne~~oc~1.i
c B e p x y ma C H H ~ YKOAOHKU. C~po~a-
<<CUpOTaBB B e p ~ ~ e'IaCTH
f i KOAOHKU, 38 K O T O P O ~C~A e n y e T 3arOAOBOK IZhU I l 0 ~ 3 a T O A O B O K
(C HX OT~HBKBMLI), - 3 T 0 A B O ~ ~ H~ O~ ~A C T B H ~ .

ECAU BUCIi%lX CTpOKa-<(BAOBa>)COCTOXT H 3 OnHOrO KOPOTKOrO CAOBB (ABe, T p H HAH name

9 e T b I p e ~ Y K B ~ I TO
) , MOXHO IIOnbITaTbCR u 3 6 a ~ m b c l f OT H e e , BTHHYB H a I I p e n b W y I J l y l O
CTPOKY. C T OU ~
~ M ~ H I IMT e~m a n e p e H o c a B n p e n b w y r r r u x c s r p o K a x , y c T a H o B x B , r,qe ~ 0 3 -
MOXHO, AHCKPellHOHHbIe ~ ~ + I I cn ~
0 HII .U U T e CAOrEi U 3 O ~ H O ~ ~ - A~BP~BX, KOTOPbIe M O X -
HO B e p H y T b H a npenbwyruue CTPOKU c H a , 4 e X ~ 0 f i , wo B ~ An e p e B e p c T K u noiir[e~go aB.40-
ee H a CTPOKY B b I m e . MOXHOT a K m e n o n b I T a T b c r t c x a n T ~ K C T ,a e r K a
B ~ I DH n e p e H e c e T
YMeHbIIIIIB T p e K H H r .
O n u c a ~ ~ bcnoco6
~ f i 6 0 p b 6 b 1 co CT~OKO~~-<<B,I(OBO&
H e roAklTcIi, e c n U o H a pacnono-
X e H a B I I ~ ~ A e f i H eCTpOKe
fi KOAOHKH, B e a b YCTpaHeHHe CTPOKH-<<BnOBbI%IIOPOnHT CTPOKY-
NcapoTyn. B ~ a ~ ocmyauxu
ii MoxeT 6b1n A p w e crnannm BneyaTnemie, H ~ O ~ O ~ O T ,
BCeMepHO YflAUHHB CTPOKY. M T ) T CHOBa M O T IIOMO9b HOBbIe llePeHOCbI II H ~ C T P O ~ K ~
T p e K U H r a (UAU TO H n p y r O e B M ~ C T ~ HO
) , BbI AOAXHbI OTnZlBaTb ce6e OTYeT B TOM, 9 T O
B T e K F e M a 6 3 a u e M O X e T H3MeHHTbCSI <<UBeT* IIIPEIC#JT~.

~ ~ O R B ACTPOK-uCUpOT>
~HH~ BbI3bIBaeTCX OIIIH~KPMII BepCTKU (layout), a H e n ~ o 6 n e ~ a ~ 1 i
~ a 6 o p a(composition), C T p o r o rOBOpIi. O Y e H b P e a K O CT~OKY-*CHPOTY)>MOXHO n O n p a -
BIlTb 3 8 CYeT YCTWOBOK ~ a 6 o p a0 . ~ ~ U03 TaKUX% ~ E i T j ' a ~ H f IiBAReTCIi
i <<CHPOTCTBYK)IJliLII
B n o s a n (widow orphaned) B s e p x ~ e i9i a c T H KOAOHKII.
Ap)ToG C A ~ KGO r,n a B p e 3 y A b T a T e U3MeHeHIlX MeCT n e p e H O C a H / E ~ ~ HT p e K H H r a
y a 6 3 a a c nomoii ~ l n nu o w nomofi nocnen~eficrpo~oriq ~ o p ~ q y en~o rc r~o m i esaarr
232 Yacmb II. Kalc aepcmama m e ~ c m

CTpOKa B KOAOHKe (KOH~SHO, H e C T P O K ~ - c < ~ n ~ ~ E

a *o) .A ~ L uH ~a PTO
~, MOXHO HaAeXTb-
CX, - H ~ ~ ~ eT 4EeI OAHy LlOlTOAHHTeAbHylo CTPOKY B KOAOHKe (KOH~PHO, eCAH 3TO B03-
MOXHO). OX e T XBaTUTL &AX TOrO, S T O ~ L I CTPOKa-NCUPOTaW U 3 H N X H ~'IaCTH
~ T O ~M O ~
KOAOHKH n e p e T e K A a H a CAeAyIoIUylo KOAOHKY ElhH CTPaHHlly. TO T a K X e 6 y ~ CTPOKa- e ~
n e + e ~y x~e M e H e e s a ~ e ~ e ~ .
( < c u p o T a n , HO
BooGwe, co c ~ p o ~ o ~ - n c ~ p Oo ~~ ~oI iYrH~COn~ p a B n n m T c x c H O M O I Q ~ M I I e p e B e p c T K H
IlAH p e n a ~ ~ ~IIpaBKH.
p ~ ~ ~ f i
T e ~ c ~ o s b preen a K T O p b I U I I p O r p a M M b I BepCTKU YCTpPHXlOT BHCXSUe CTPOKH C IIOMO-
w b m ~ T P U ~ ~ TH
Oe B
ompblaamb om c~eaywg4ezoU A a ~epa3fialsambab3ay (keeps). ~ T aHT p u -
6 y ~ b ~PHCBaHBaIOTCII
1 AAX TOTO, ' I ~ 0 6 b 1CTpOKH a63aua H e p a 3 p b I B a A H C L n p U nept?XOAe
H a HOBYM CTPaHUIlY UAH KOAOHKY.
H a n p a ~ e pMOXHO
, o n p e n e A w T b , 'ITO n o c A e n H H e nne (TPH HAH 6onee) CTPOKH a63a-
U a H e AOAXHbI OTpbIBaTbCX OT a6aaqa, IIO3TOMy OHH H e C M O Y 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ CTPOKY-
b
<<CHPOTY*. B b 1 T a K X e M O X e T e O n p e A e A H T b , PTO KOHKPeTHasI CTPOKa ( ~ a n p H ~ e CTpOKa
p ,
s a r o n o ~ ~Hae) A o n s a a o T p b I s a T b c a OT a 6 3 a u a , K O T O P L I ~ c n e n y e T 3a ~ e i iIIOBTOMY
, oHa
H e C M O X e T CTaTL ~ H c X s e f CTPOKOH
i B KOHUe KOAOHKH.
3 T H CPeACTBa H a p y m a m T 6 a h a ~ KOAOHOK.
c %CTO BepcTKa ~ p e 6 y ew06k.1
~, BCe KO-
CTpaHHIJe (HAM KOAOHKIl H a P ~ ~ B O P O T ~~ L
AOHKM H a MHOI'OKOAOHHO~~ ) U HO A H I I ~ K O B O ~ ~
BLICOTLI, TO eCTb 3 a K a H P H B U X C b H a 6 Xe AHHEIu l u p H + T a a . HOOnHOBpeMeH-
0 ~ ~ H0TOG
HO B L I & e p X H B a T b 6 a n a ~ cKOAOHOK H HCnOAb30BaTb +YHKUHM <<Hep a 3 p L I B a T L a6aa1.1~
HeBO3MOXHO. GARA0CTEI)KeHXM KOMIlPOMHCCa I I P O r P a M M a A O A X H a M3MeHHTL HHTepAH-
H b X X T a K , 'ITO~LI CTpOKH PaCTRHYAMCb H a BCH) BbICOTY KOAOHKM. Ta~m
~ a c T p 0 f i Ha3bI-
~a
BaeTCR B e p T H K U L H b I M BbIpaBHHBaHUeM ( m c ~ ~ i p o ~KOAOHOK).
~ofi

n p H oepmulcubnu4 aa$aanuaanuzc" (verticaljustification) nnrr T o r o , Y T O ~ AOCTHPL

~ I AF-
IIleG KOMnOHOBKM CTPaHHIJLI, H 3 M e M e T C R HHTePAHHLRX. ~ P ~ B H A ~ BHe pO
T H~K i U b H O e
B b r p a e H m a m e O ~ L I Y H OH C I I O A L ~ ~ ~ T CTXO A ~ K OB n p o r p a M M a x c n a ~ e m ~ oo@abomxoii
G
C ~ . U H U(batch-pagination),
~ B KOTOPbIX CTPaHMUbI aBTOMaTMYeCKki BePCTaH3TCR B COOT-
BeTCTBHH C IIpeflYCTaHOBAeHHLIMH n p a B M h a M H .
B TaKHX CMCTeMaX BbI AOAXHbI I I p e n y C M O T p e T b BCe B03MOHCHbIe I I p 0 6 A e ~ b 1 ,KOTO-
PLIe M O T BCTpeTElTbCR B IIpOUeCCe BepCTKM KOAOHKaMM Pi CTpaHEIUaMH, HpH
I'H
IlX
"l MepLI
no HX YCTPaHeHMH). Hanpmep, X e h a T e A b H O H e AOrKj'CKaTb BHCFlIIX CI'pOK UAH 3WOAOBKOB
B caMoM sepxy KOAOHOK n ~ ~ ~ O A O B K Opacnonaram-
B,
WHXCX PXnOM B COCeflHHX KOAOHKaX.
,@a T o r 0 S ~ 0 6 b 1u 3 6 e m a ~ bBCeX 3THX npo6ne~,
CHCTeMa A O A X H a 6 b 1 ~ bB COCTOIIHHH H3MeHffTb HHTep-
AHHbRX TaK Xe, KBK H3MeHRH)TCR npo6en~rM e X n y
CAOBaMH H ~ Y K B ~ MBE IIpOUeCCe
I ~ O ~ H ~ O H T U BbIK-
~ H O ~
AXOYKH, kl: B a M c n e n y e T n p e n n H c a T b c u c T e M e ( T ~ Kme
K a K C$YHK~HU n e p e H O c O B H B~IKAIOSKU), me ~ e o 6 x o -
nHMO BbIIIOAHIlTb H3MeHeHHe H K a K HMeHHO.
C H C T ~ MM~O X e T H3MeHIITL HHTePAIlKbXX B nBYX
cmyaumx: B no~ocaxo m . 6 (vertical
~ ~ ~ ~space bands) H
M e X n y CTPOK TeKCTa. OT~EIBKII
O ~ ~ I Y HC03AaK)TCR
O
B O K p Y 3arOAOBKOB, K O r A a B A ~ ~ O
CAy.Iae
M YBeAHYEi-
BaeTCX HHTePAHHbRX. O H H T a K X e MOrYT ~ L I T LH a n U
non S e p T e H t a M u , c x e M a i m , rpa+mca~u,u n n m c T p a u u -
XMEI HAH BbIfleAeHHbIMH UHTaTaMU ( ~ B ~ A H Y ~ H H ~ I M U
+ ~ ~ ~ M ~ H T T~~M
KC ) a, 3 M e W e H H b I M H B C P ~ A H ~ ~
E TI ~ P
Y a c m KOAOHKH.
Korna BO3HUKaH)T n p o 6 n e ~ b 1KOMIIOHOBKH, np0-
r p a M M a BO3BpaLUaeTCR K KOAOHKe, Y T O ~ BbIXCHUTb,
~ I

simple text. Through the miracle of modern programming,

though, some programs (especially desktop publishing pro-
grams) can now create pages that are so complicated-filled
with illustrations, color, and photographs--that you can't even
fit one of them on a diskette. That's progress.
PMC. 10.25. B TOM +par~e~-
T e T e K C T a C B e P T U K U b H b I M BbI-
Don't Be a Cheapskate
P a B H U B a H U e M n p o 6 e n b 1 MeXCny
Cheap diskettes are no bargain. You have to rely on a diskette CTPOKBMU, f l 0 6 a ~ h e ~ ~ b I e np0-
to record faithfullyand durably.Cheap diskettes may fail wth- r p a ~ ~ o inio,n c a e s e a b r . C a ~ b ~ e
out warning, and one day when you put your crucial archive ruElpOKHe N3 IINX - B O T ~ U B K B X
diskette into your computer,you may get the hair-raising mes- H a A U n O a 3aFOAOBKOM. K ~ o M ~
sage, "This disk is unreadable." Toro, cnema penaqea umepnu-
H b X X BO BCeM T e K C T e
r f l e M O X H O H3MeHHTb H H T e P A H H b B X . ECAHn p o 6 n e ~ yCOCTaBABeT BHCXsaR CTpOKa-
acHpoTa,, ~ w 3 KOAOHKH,
y nporpaMMa mITaeTcR nouzpama (feather) s ~ a s e ~ HHTep-
a ~ ~ u
AHHbRXa, Y T O ~ ~
BLI ITOAKHF B H C X Y F CTPOKY B C A e A J W W ~KOAOHKY (PIIC. 10.25).
ECAMHeAb3B P e U I H T b 3TY I I ~ O ~ A ~OCTaBaSlCb
M ~ , B I I p e A e A a X 3a,4aHHLIX BaMH HaCTpOeK
BePTHKahLHOI'O BbIpaBHHBaHHR, OHa BepHeTCR H a 3 U H E e p e B e p C T a e T n p e A L I A y W y I o KO-
A O H K ~ma c ~ p a ~ u (MAX
u y H e c K o n L K o m p a ~ u u )npeaynpemaax
, nofisherne II~O~A~MLI.

E;OA~IIIHHCTBOI I P O r P a M M BepCTKH, KOTOPbIe IIOAAePXFiBaIClT B e p T H K U b H O e BLIpaBHHBa-

m e , npuMeHrrx0-r ero T O A ~ K OB npenehax o n H o r o T e K c T o B o r o 6 n o ~ a(frame), HO 3~01-o
AOCTaTOSHO, Y T O ~ L IB K p e C a ~ p a 6 y ~ Heop a~3 p b l 8 a m 7 , a63ag CIIpaBHTbCR C BHCRZIHMH
CTPOKaMH. B TaKHX I I p O r p a M M a X BLI BbIAeAReTe P a M K y TeKCTOBOrO 6 n o ~ H a OIIpeneARe-
T e , HaCKOALKO H y X H O H3MeHHTb I i H T e P h I l H b R X H OT~IIBKU. kI K O r A a I I P O r P a M M a IIpHMe-
HHeT 3 7 +YHKUEUO K BbIAeAeHHOMY ~ A O K Y ,O H a T a K H3MeHReT IiHTepAHHLRX H O T ~ U B K M
MeXny a 6 3 a s a ~ uZ, ~ T O ~ LTeKCT
I 3 a n o h m ~ A O KCBepXY AOHH3Y.
ECAHB ~ nI p H c B m a a e T e a ~ p ~ 6 yH- re pa3pa~aamaa63ay, TO n o s B n n m a R c x B H ~ KO-
Y
AOHKH ( m F i ~ ~ M K H BHCXsaSl
) CTpOKa 6 y ~ BbITOAKHyTa
e ~ B CAeAyIoWyIo KOAOHKY (HM
P ~ M K Y ) ,OCTaBlzB T e K w F KOAOHKY H a CTPOKY K O p O S e . B e p ~ ~ l ~ a A BbIpaBIIHBaHHe
b ~ o e
BOCnOAHXeT 3TY IIOTepIo. B ~ ~ T N K U L BbIpaBHHBaHHe
HO~ B I I p e A e A a X OAHOG T ~ K C T O B O ~
P a M K H M O X e T T a K X e HCIIOAL3OBaTLCX JAR paCTRr?lBaHHR TeKCTa ( ~ H c . 10.26).
H ~ A O C T ~ Tnm6oro
K O M B e p T H K a h b H O r O BbIPaBHHBaHEllI XBAXeTCX CABEIT TeKCTa C HMe-
l o I 4 e f i c R CeTKH A H H U ~U~I ~ U + T ~ T
~M We
., AHHUH L U P W + T ~B COCeAHHX KOAOHKaX H a OA-
~ 0 fCTPaHHUe
i AOAXHLI 6 b m b OAHHaKOBLI (TO eCTb T M , me TeKCT A O A X e H 6 b m b IIPHBR-
3 a H K CeTKe A l l ~ H f IUPH+TB),
i IIpHMeHXTb B e p T H K a h L H O e BLIpaBHHBaHHe HeAL3R.

KOPEWOPLI'~ (rivers - N P ~ K E I D ) BOBHHKBIoT TOTAa, K O r A a MeXCAOBHLIe n p o 6 e n b 1 P a C n O -

narawrcrr npyr ~ a , 4~ p y r Bo c~M e m a L r x c T p o K a x , cos,qa~axB n e s a T n e H H e T p e U r u H t I
B TeKCTe (PHC. 10.27). KOPHAOPLI BO3HHKiUQT B ~ a 6 0 p e c A y ~ a f i ~ a0 n, p o r p a M M H o e o6ec-
IIeYeHEie eUle H e HaCTOALKO H H T e M e K T y a A L H O , 9 ~ 0 6 b 1O ~ H ~ ~ Y X H BHX, ~ T HLe rOBOpR yXe
o TOM, ~ ~ 0 H e6 A o~n y c1 K a T b HX. K o p ~ l n o sawe
p ~ ~ B c e r o n o x s m I o T c R B r a 3 e m 0 ~~ a 6 o p e
EfhH T a M , fae MeXCAOBHbIe npo6en~1 CHAbHO PaCTRrHBLiIOTCR, H O'3eHL P e n K O B KHHraX
C UIPipOKHM + O P M ~ T O M IIOAOCLI ~a6opa.
 Free DisasterdProofing!
To insure against anything that might take
some of the fun out of your vacation, we also
have a free loaner program for anything you
might typically need during your trip. Camera
fall overboard? No problem! We have a range
of loaner replacements so you don't miss a
single photo op. Find a gravy stain on your
favorite silk tie minutes before dinner! No
problem! Our Instyvalet will be there pronto
with a replacement to fit your taste and your
outfit. Ask for a full list of loaner vacation
accoutrements.
Free Disaster-Proofing!
To insure against anything that might take
some of the fun out of your vacation, we also
have a free loaner program for anything you
might typically need during your trip. Camera
fall overboard? No problem! We have a range
of loaner replacements so you don't miss a
single photo op. Find a gravy stain on your
favorite silk tie minutes before dinner? No
problem! Our Insty-Valet will be there pronto
1
with a replacement to fit your taste and your
outfit. Ask for a full list of loaner vacation
accoutrements.

0 fall the great rivers of the world, none is as inniguing as

the Pearl. Short by world standards. tt epttomizes the
old expression that good thmgs come in small pack-
ages. Though the Pearl measures less than 50 miles in total
length from its modest source as a cwl mounmn spnng to the
screaming cascades and steamng estuary of its downstream
reaches, over those rmles, the river has in one place or another
everything you could possibly ask for. You can roam among
lush temperate ran forests, turgid wlute water canyons, con-
templative meanders among aisles of staid aspens (with trout
leaping to slurp all the afternoon insects from tts calm sur-
face), and forbtddmg swamp land as formidable as any that
Humphrey Bogart muddled through m The African Queen

i
a 3r
raav1 p - x a - - r . 0 1 *
. %- 4- .mp-+- PEIC. 10.27.M o l u ~ b r i ~opunop
i
-r'a =-, -*
w' %a--.bm -3~- r & *a npOXOAUT yepea a a ~ ~ ba6sau ~ i i
IIpaKTHYeCKA C B e p X y n O H U 3 y .
sq++rC.XSY*-hk*'*"*-d * * X i*X *-4 w
M-ii-r r* OH B 0 3 H U K a e T C A Y ~ ~ ~ ~ er0
H O ,
A~BOBMOXHO n p e n y r a n a T b , ero
M O X H O TOAbKO UCnpaBMTb.
Ha H H X H e M PUCyHKe B + + ~ K T
Pa3MbITUR I I p U M e H e H B A S TOrO,
9 ~ 0 6 b 1KOpkIAOp CTith, r o p a 3 a o
3aMeTHee
236 Yacma 11.Kalc oepcrnama rnelccm

Q o p ~ a c, o 3 n a s a e ~ ap s a H b I M K p a e M T e K c T a , H e c o B c e M cny'IaGaa. Em MOXHO c n e r K a
ppaBARTb. K ~ pOMMH&AOCb
K pasee, O n p e n e A R a , HaCKOAbKO 6 ~ x 3 K~ llpaBOMY
0 Kpam
D O A X H a l l p O X O ~ k l T b3 0 H a XIepeHOCa, BbI T e M CaMbIM BAWXeTe H a C T e n e H b HePOBHOCTU
KpU. B K O H 4 e c ~ 0 e f9nOXU
i CIIeUMahII3IIpOBaHHbIe H a 6 0 p H b I e CMCTeMbI H a 9 a M 3KCnepM-
MeHTbI C 9CT'eTU~ofi PBaHblX K p a e B f l M TOrO, I I T O ~ ~AOCTMYb
I O n p e n e A e H H O r O PIITMa KO-
POTKMX M AJiUHHbLX T O K . TO O K a 3 U O C b CAOXHbIM EI H e HaIIIAO IIpHMeHeHUR B n O ' T y M p -
H ~ X nXp o r p a M M a x B e p n m .
I I p M s I i H o f i p p a B A e H E 3 ~ P O P M PBaHOrO
OCHOBHO~~ O ~ ~ K p m RBAXeTCR X e A a H I I e ~ 3 6 e -
X a T b 0 I I p e ~ e A e ~ ~ +0Of Pi M ~ I , KOTOpaR O T B A e K a e T OT C O n e P X a H I I R , K a K IIOKa3aHO
H a PMC. 10.28. O ~ ~ I Y H O TOAbKO n e p e H O c b I ( ~ a n p x ~ eMCIIOAb3yR
EI3MeHIIR p, AHCKpeUEIOH-
m e n e + n c b ~ ) , MOXHO n o s n m b H a K O H T ~ Pn p a B o r o ~ p a x .
Psam~fi~ p a f 6e3 i o n p e n e n e ~ ~ o4f io p ~ b (random-looking)
1 R s m e T c s u e ~ b mA
, axe
eCAM 3 T a eCTeCTBeHHOCTb AOCTHraeTCR IlCKYCCTBeHHbIM C ~ O C O ~ O M~. C K N O ~ ~ H EMO-
I ~ M
X e T 6 b 1 ~ bU ~ H T P H P O B F ~ H HTeKCT,
~ I ~ ~ K O r A a HeCKOAbKO C A ~ Z I ~ ~pa3OpBFlHHbIX
~ H O CTpOK CO-
3naIOT H e 0 4 e H b npMIITHOe BIIeYaTAeHEIe. ~ e H ~ p I i p 0 B a H ~ bTeKCT
Ifi - 3TO ~ A I I H C T B ~ H H ~ I ~
cnyqaii, K o r n a n p e n n o w m e n b a e e noBonbHo onpeneneHHaR +op~a.
C A ~ An 3~6 e~r aT~ bc A e , q y I o ~ E I xBMAOB c A y . ~ a f i H b I xQ o p ~ :
17 n n ~ w ~nepsaxm c T p o K a , 3a ~ o ~ o p oGizie n y e T ~ o p m a x o, H a s b u e u m c r r 3 a c Y e T
npo6ena nepen T e K m M H a mofi c T p o K e M npo6ena B Kame ~ m p o iTOKE i (PHC. 10.29);
e c h M n e p B U CTpOKa a6saua KOpOTKaR, TO IIyCTOe npOCTpaHCTB0 B KOHUe CTpOKU
B COgeTaHUM C IIYCTbIM IIPOCTPaHCTBOM B KOHUe YaCTEIVHO ~ ~ I I o A H ~CTpOKM
H H o ~H~M
~ e fpio m n a e T 6 o n b m y m ~ b ~ yp n yp a B o r ononx (ECAM nocnenmrr c T p o K a npenbmy-
W e r O a 6 3 a u a , ~ ( O C T ~ T O Y HAAMHbI,
O~~ TO n p o 6 n e ~ aH e B O ~ H E I K ~ ~ T . ) ;

Both c l e i r w e and CoolT e use
the same technical trick--called c o g anti-
allasing-which only works well on liquid-
crystal display (LCD) screens like those in
laptops, palm-tops, and flat-display desk-
top morutors. On cathode ray tube (CRT)
monito19-the ones that look like N pic-
ture tubes-the effect is much the same as
the iraditional grayscale anti-aliasing
(usually called "font smoothing").
Hete's how color anti-aliasing
works. LCD pixels are perfectly square,
and each is divided horizontally in three
rectangular zones of red, green, and blue.
Normally, all of the intensities of the three
colors are adjusted so when seen ensemble
they create the impression of a single hue.
C l e a r w e and Coolllpe treat each one of
these color zones as if it were a pixel itbelf,
turning it all the way up to create white (or
nearly white, anywa ) or turning it all the
way down to create %a&. This allows bit-
maps on screen to be built up of whole,
one-third, or two-third pixels. Planned
gixel-splittingcan effectively triple the
orizontal resolution of the monitor.
0 Korna npennocnenHxR crpoKa a6saua
a n0CAeAHRR ewe K O p O Y e , CO3naeTCR OI'POMHaR
AbIpa y n p a B o r o KpaR;
0 A I O ~ ~ nOCAefiOBaTeAbHOCTb
JI nAHHHbIX CTPOK, CMe-
I u r e M b I X MHOXeCTBOM KOPOTKHX (HAM H ~ O ~ O P O T ) ,
+OPMHPYIOT HenpHBAeKaTeAbHYIO reOMeTpHYeC-
KYIo +OPMY OTCTylIa.
H ~ K O T nOH 3~a f~i ~Ie ~
p b 1O s e H b CTapaIOTCfi,
n p a ~ b ~~f ip a i nonpancx
i M n e a n b H o POBHMM,
TMYeCKM, eCAM BbI n p O C T O o 6 p a ~ BHMML3HHe
~~e
BYIO r p a H M u y M MCnpaBMTe XOTR 661rpy6b1e A ~ + ~ K T ~ I ,
TO TeKCT 6 y ~ Beb I r~A X A e T b B n O A H e A O C T O ~ ~ H O .
HOB ~ 0 6 C 0A F~a e COXPL3HHTb E I C ~ ~ ~ B A P~B aH- H ~
~ b 1 f~
i p a iCAeAyeT
i TOAbKO B ~ a ~ b 1n f0 iC A e ~ ~ MMOMeHT,
A H a Y e m6b1e H3MeHeHHR a6saua M O T B e p H Y T b BCe B
HCXOAHOe COCTORHMe.
1
PHC. 10.28.rb2p~bGa 6 w weer
e m e ~ ~ b OGpa30~amid
G , uy-
Y~%E.TM 0 6 ~ x 3 0 p13-G
~ ~ p da,
BIDPo~~ llOAY'4UACS KaK HEIA)'I%G
B T O M n a p y c , ~ T O A O ~+OPM&
HU
K P ~ RnoAocLI OTaheKam, u m o i i
a6w.u xenamIzo nepesepcran
BepCTK8, npONlMeHHaU I ~ P O Q ~ M M D ~
Perhap black wplnuc is the but of the
hudwoads. bs gnin is u~udiystright, and
when prrfatly dry it is not nruly u hud m
cut u &or maple. In the g r w i n l tree is m
outer layer ofmpwood that ir quite u good
u mnplc.
This white llycr i n good.aiwd trrr msy
be an inch or more i n thicknu', m d ir
rharpiy cancenttaedwith the humood. In
the l w n b r ~ p r dwhere blndr unlnur is kept.
it ir .hen p v i b l c m find b a d or bwk u
that hwc both kinds ofwmd in them, and i f
they ue W C i n~ carving, this narunl mnmrr
in the solor of t h e wood may be wed to very
prrtry effecu.
HsMeHenne npasom KpeR aprinym
Perhaps binckunlnvr is the bast of the
hudwwds. lu p i n is usually straight, m d
KopoTKax, whcn pcrfenlydry it is not nculy u hud to
cut Y O& or mapic. In tho gmwing rrcc is an
outer layer of lapwoodthnr L quire u gwd
u mqle.
This white iayct in 1 good-siudtrcc
may bc .n inch or more in thidinraa, m d L
sharply mnccnrrarcdwith the h u r w o o d i n
a. lumbcryudwhcrc black dillnut is kept,
it is ohrn po.ribic to find boards or M.r
tha hzve both iondr ofwood an then, m d if
rhcy arc used i n w i n k chis narud contrast
in the color of thc w w d may bc wed to very
pxny cffcscr.
Y T O ~ ~ I
a npaK-
H a npa-
I ~ ~
fi
B ~a6ope H BepCTKe TeKCTa ~ o 6 mMeAOYb OYeHb
MHOrO 3HaYUT. C p e A H HHX - ABe CaMbIe MeAKHe Ha-
C T P O ~ ~ K UKOTOPbIe
, CABHraIOT UAM OTAeARIOT ~ Y K B OT-
~ I
HOCHTeAbHO A p y r A p y r a . kI 06e OYeHb B a X H b I . XOTII
OHH 06e BAHSIOT H a n p o 6 e n b ~ o IIpOCTpaHCTBO,
e HO Up-
HUH2 (kerning) OTHOCHTCX TOAbKO K BbIAeAeHHbIM na-
p a M ~ Y K BB
, TO B p e M I I K a K ~ P ~ K (tracking)
u H ~ - K BbI-
A e A e H H O M y + P ~ ~ M ~ H T eY
KCTa, name K UeAOMY
AoKyMeH-ry. H~OAO~H
B p~
oAMe track
~ I , kerning H range
kerning, O~~I'IHO
n p H M e H X m T c x n p o r p a M M a M H , KOTO-
P b I e H e YMeIOT K a K C A e A y e T BbInOAHflTb KePHHHr,
a XOTHT n o ~ a 3 a ~ 9bT,O C ~ O C O ~ 3TO
H ~ ICAeAaTb.

XOTXK e P H H H r H TPeKHHT' HCnOAb3YIOT AAII H3MePeHUR

OAHY eAUHHJJY, K a K IIpaBHAO, TbICIIYHbIe AOAH K e r e A b -
HOG, HO s a ~ y aHUX~ p a~s ~ b ~ e .
H a s ~ a q e ~ Kxeep H H H r a W p e C H O : OH H3MeHXeT np0-
6enb1 M e m n y onpeneneHHbIMH n a p a M u 6 y AAX
~ HC-
~
IIpaBAeHHX a H 0 ~ a A H fn
i p o 6 e ~ oBbI3BaHHbIX
~, HX +OP-
MOMH, H T e M C a M b I M 3 P H T e A b H O p a 3 A B H r a e T UAH
c 6 n a m a e ~HX. T e p ~ kerning
u ~ nponsorue~OT c T a p o -
+ p a ~ y y 3 c ~ o r cnoaa
o carne, YTO 0 3 ~ a q a e<~< y r o ~ *
(B T e AHU YHMYHXUTeAbHOe X a p r O H H O e CAOBO, KOTO-
poe M o m H o MRrKo nepesecni K ~ ~rryn~ua>>). K Bp y q ~ o ~
~a6ope,CAOBO kern osaa.rano Y a c T b o n p e ~ e ~ e ~6 ~y o~ f- i
B ~ IB, ~ I X O A I I L Z3Za~ n~ p~ e A e s I m e p b I , H a KOTOPOG o H a
p a s ~ e m a n a c b .K o r ~ aT a m e B H ~ K Hn p e 0 6 p a 3 y m ~ c x
240 Yacmb II. K ~ oepcmama
K me~cm

B ~ I I C ~ ~ P O B Y+OPMY,
IO K e P H b I BbIXO.4IIT 38 r p a H H U b I BHp-
~ y a n b ~ o~i ie r e ~ ~n n~o uoa in Ki H (PHC. 11.1).
Ha3HaseHHe T p e K m r a MeHee anpecso: OH OAH-
HaKOBO B A H R e T H a BCe a n p O u I E i B B b I n e A e H H O M +par-
M e H T e TeKCTa. TP~KM O ~HL I Z~I H OHCnOAL3YeTCII n A R
T O r O , ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 YCTPaHMTL n p 0 6 n e ~ y n p o 6 e n o ~BhI3BaH-
,
HYIO C M ~ H O %K e r A X u I p H + ~ a ( o c o 6 e ~ y ~ Oo Y e H b M e A -
K O r O H O Y e H b K P Y n H O r O ~ I P H + T O BOH ). T a K X e n p H -
PRC. 11.1. Apo6aax 9 e p T a ns- MeHReTCa HCnpaBAeHHR Q p a r M e H ~ T
a eKCTa C H e
AXeTCX 3HaKOM C KePHOM. CA~- O Y e H b YAa'IHbIMH M e X C A O B H b I M H Ii M ~ X ~ Y K B ~ H H ~ I M H
s a n p e A c - r a s n e H s ~ ~3
n IIIPH+-
TOBOrO p e A a K T O p a . K e r e ~ b H a s
npo6e~a~~.
IIAOIlJaAKa 3 H a K a r O p a 3 A O YXe, T e p ~ lmpe~cunz
l~ (tracking) caasaa c n e p ~ o i+OTO-
i
9 e M CaM 3HaK, M 9aCTIl 3HaKa, ~ a 6 o p ~ oMi ~i L U H H OPhoton,
~~ B ~ o ~ o p~o3i 0 6 p a ~ e ~ ~
K o T o p b I e B M X O A ~ T3a ee npene- ~ Y K BCO3AaBaAMCb H a + O T O U ~ H K ~ BCIILILLIKO% A y z I a
AbI, H a 3 b I B m T C X K e p H a M H .Ke- c s e T a , npoxonauero sepes c H c T e M y AMHS H IIpM3MY.
X A b H b I e RAOLUaAKH COCeAHHX
3HaKOB I I P U M b I K a W T TBK, 9 T O
n p ~ l a pacnoharanacb
~a H a 3y6sa~ok ~anpa~hrrmmeii,
K o T o p a r r nepe~ezyuaca(tracked) H a p a c c T o x H H e m n p x l -
npo6aaa g e p T a HX n e p e c e K a e T .
a p o 6 b cnpasa ~ a 6 p a 6e3
~ a scn- H ~ 6 I y ~ ~ bB 1 .H a c T o r r m e e B p e M r r s T a H a n p a s A r r m m a r r
KOrO M3MeHeHHR a I I p o I I I e % , H a - H eI MCnOAL3YeTCII,
~ O A ~ U ~ HO T e p M H H < < T P e K H H r ) >
A o x e H u e BII~KOB - TO cnen- (tracking) coxpaaancrr.
CTBMe H a A H 9 H X K e p H a y npo6-
HOG 'IePTbI

Ha PHC. 11.2 IIpeACTaBAeHLI H e K O T O p b I e n a p b I 3HaKOB,

KOTOPbIe HYXfiaWTCII B K e p H H H r e , a T a K X e HX B H n IIOC-
A e IlpOIJeAypLI K e p H H H r a . CMLICA
KepHHHra COCTOHT
B TOM, 9~06b1
MeXAy 3TMMH3HaKaMH npo6en (anp0LII)
K a 3 a C X T a K H M Xe, K a K B 0 K P Y X a K ) U I e M TeKCTe. A BOB-
C e H e B TOM, ' I T O ~ L IYMeHbUIIlTb npo6en HaCKOAbKO B03-
MOXHO.
O G ~ I Y H OK e P H H H r BbIIIOAHXeTCR l I p 0 r p a M M 0 f i B e p -
CTKH HAH ~ a 6 o p ~ oCiHi C T ~ M OaBT0MaTUYeCKH.
~~ kI3Me-
H e m e npo6eno~o c H o B L x s a e T c r r H a ma&uyax ~epnunza
(kerning tables), BCTpOeHHbIX B UIPU+TOBOG + a h . 3~~1.
~ a 6 n n u b 1C O A e p X a T CIIHCKH nap 3HaKOB II U ~ M ~ H ~ H U G
npo6ena M e m a y HEIMU, B L l p a m e H H b I e B ~onrrxK e r e n b -
HOG. YaIJle 3TU 3HaYeHHR OTpUUaTeAbHbI, 3 T 0 0 3 H a V a -
e T , YTO AaHHbIe 3 H a K U A O A X H b I CTaTb 6 ~ 1 1 x eflpYI'
K APYl")'. HO B HeKOTOPblX CAYZYYBIIX, 3HaYeHUR IIOAO-
X H T e A b H b I I4 YBeAEIYNBaK)T npo6en MeX.4)' 3HaKaMU.
K O A H Y ~ C T B OB O 3 M O X H b I X nap U 3 228 3HaKOB
U I ~ H ~ T O B O+~ aOi i ~ aOrpOMHO. (Ecna BbI H e 60a-
PHC. 11.2. n a p b ~B I ~ ~ K O KOTO-
B,
T e C b MaTeMaTUKU, TO YUCAO MOXHO IIOAyYMTb T a K : pbIe nOYTll BCerAa HyXAaIOTCX B
228 x 227 x 226 x ... x 3 x 2 x 1). H c s e p n b ~ ~ a mnon- ~ ~ e Kepewre, TO c 0 4 e ~ a ~ tnpo- ie
HaR ~ a 6 m u aKOHeYHO,
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cTBO C O ~ ~ T ~ ~HYI KI B B~ c T p e s a e T c r r p e a K O HAH noo6me

me 6 y ~ n bAl 311a~anpenaearrax.
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B H n e a A e 3HaYeHUX, KOTOpbIe IIPHCBaNBaK)TCff 3TNM
n a p a M , AonmHbI o n p e n e n m b c r r caMuM n ~ 3 a i i ~ e p o ~ .
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Truth Truth
244 Yacma II. Kalc sepcmamb melccm

I I e p ~ o npasmo
e pyworo K e p m i m a -He H a y m a n ero,
n O K a TeKCT OKOHYaTeAbHO H e C B e p C T a H H H e 3 a K O H Y e H a
PMC. 11.5. B cnone ~axiieG
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M CYMMH-
6 b IIpUMeHeH
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npaaaa, Y T O ~ A~ OI C T U Y ~p a s p e m e ~ mc a M o r o CKPOMHO-
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Hoa PHC. 11.6.
Aviation
on pen en^^ K n m s e B y I o napy, nepexonme K K e p -
H H H I ~OCTULHLIX. ECAHo r c a m e T c s , YTO T ~ ~ ~ Y ~Ha-
T C R
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Aviation
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What's the meaning of rnanzj?

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Falstafs comic aspects

PMC. 11.7. Memo nepexona OT

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A e H H e OT ~a60pa: O Y e H b nAOT-
Hb1S AAR r a P H U T y P b 1 CeIltLlry
Feral Cats
Expander ( s e p x ~ x xc ~ p o ~ a ) ,
9y-m 6 o ~ e ep a 3 p e x e ~ ~ b 1A 1h a
raPHHTYPbI G0Lldy Old Style
( c r p o ~Ba uetrrpe) H ewe 6onee
p a 3 p e x e ~ ~ b 1 AAX
ii rapHaTypbr
Feral Cats
Bodoni

PMC. 11.14.
cTa H a
( H M X H ~ Xc r p o ~ a )

A A R YTeHUR TeK-
s ~ p a n~p em e p e A n s a -
Feral Cats
BaTb TpeKHHr. eCAH TeKCT
cmaxea (anti-aliased), K a K no-
Ka3aHO H a pHCyHKe, ~ Y K B ~ I
C 1 I O P M a h b H b r M T P e K H H r O M (Ae-
B U KOAOHKB) CAUBaKlTCR A P ) T
C ApjTOM. no C T a H A a p T a M IIe-
Y a m n p 0 6 e ~ b 1B n p a ~ o KOAOH-
c
K e K a X y T C R YPe3MepHbIMI4, HO
AAR Y T e H H R H a 3 K p a H e OHH
BIIOAHe I I p H e M A e M b I

H O P M ~ ~ ~TPeKMHr
H M ~ Ha
~ 3KpaHe p a 3 p e ~ e H ~ bTPeKMHr
lfi Ha 3KpaHe

Low-resolution presentations d s o Low-resolution presentations

pmfit from Imser tmcking. This is
because the larger pixels in these
displ:lys nlake precise letter spac-
inn impossible. As likely as not,
two ~~ctjoining letters nlay hlenct
into a single foml, with pixels from
one chqracter leaning u p against
pixels fionl its neighbors.
alsn profit fro111looser tracking.
This is because the larger pixels
in these displays make precise
letter spacing inipossible. As
likely ns not, two :Idjoining let-
ters inay blend into a single
form, with pixels from a n e ch:~r-
acter leaning up a p i n s t pixels
from its neighbors.
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YBeAMYeHHOrO T p e K M H r a . K p y n ~ b ~IIHKCeAbI
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~ AHX eTH ~
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AAR
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b , MAH TO H ~pyr0e)HAM I I a P a M e T p b I BePCTKM, TO CAeAyeT
IIPMHMMaTb PeAaKTOPCKMe PeIIIeHHX. U p e 3 ~ e p ~ KOAH'ieCTBO
o e TeKCTa - 3T0 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0
n p o 6 n e ~ apenamopa, a H e ~ ~ 3 a f i ~Me Hpea~ H n o r p a Q a .

P ~ K o I I M c H ~IlIpM+TbI
I~ OYeHb T P ~ ~ O B ~ T ~K An ~
p oH 6~ eI ~ a T~a K
, KaK n O W H BCe ~ Y K B L I
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CAeAyeT 6 b 1 ~ bOCO-
~ ~ H HBHMMaTeAbHbIMM
O n p M OIIpeAeAeHHM 3HaYeHEIR T p e K M H r a A M TaKMX IIIPH+ToB,
Y ~ 0 6 b 1COXPaHHTb COeAMHeHHR. Y HeKOTOPbIX PYKOIIMCHbIX IIIPM+ToB MOXHO C A e f K a
YMeHbIIIaTb TPeKMHr (PMC. 11.15),HO IIOZrrH H e T LUPMQTOB, KOTOPbIe II03BOMAM 6b1 er0
YBehElYMBaTb 6 e 3 OIIaCHOCTH OTOPBaTb 6yKBb1 AP)T OT A p y r a . B c I O A ~ , We TOAbKO B03-
MOXHO, CAeAyeT OCTaBhRTb p y K o I I M ~ ~ b 1IIIPH+T
fi 6 e 3 HBCTPOGKM T p e K M H r a .
B cAy=Iae, K o r n a ~ Y K B PyKOIIWCHOrO
~ I IIIpMCt)Ta H e HYXHO COeAMHRTb ( H ~ I I ~ M M ~ ~ ,
Y
IIpOIIMCHbIe CO C T P O ~ H ~ I M L I ) BaC IIOBBAReTCR B03MOXHOCTb BbInOAHMTb He3HaYMTeAb-
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i HO ~oo611leB TaKMX ZUPM+T~XOYeHb T W a T e A b H O BbIIlOhHReTCR
p a 3 ~ e q e ~ x~ eY K BB K~II?A~HoG
I I A O W W K e , II03TOMy AyYUIe 0 6 0 f i ~ H ~6 eb 3 TaKMX Ha-
CTpOeK.

B TeKCTe, p a 3 M e q e H H O M H a M C K ~ M B A ~ H H OAMHHM
G I I I ~ H + T ~0, 6 b 1 9 ~ 0Ha3bIBaeMOM nlelc-
c m m oa0,t.blcoHmypa (text on a path), y 6 y C o~x p a~x i x e T c x n n o c K o e oceoaaaue, o c o 6 e ~ ~ o
y IIIMPOKMX ~ F B , IIOBTOMY HX TPYflHO p a 3 M e U a T b . ~ M p 0 ~ M ~ Ye K B H ~ aI B ~ I I I ~ K A OAM-
$
HHM I I I P U ~ TKBXYTCR
~ H~YCTOGYMB~IMH,
KaK H a K a ' i e M X , a H a B O ~ H Y T OAMHHM
~ YaCTb
~YKB
KaK 6b1 IIpOBahl2saeTCR. Ta~w
06pa30~,BCe 6 y K ~ b 1OTICnOH~HYTCROT BepTIIKaAbHOrO
254 Tacma II. Kah- aepcmama mexcm

PMC. 11.15. Bepx~rrsc T p o K a

o ~ o 6 p a m a e ~p y K 0 n M ~ ~ b 1 f i
IIIpM+T 6e3 H3MeHeHIISI TpeKUH-
ra. I l o c ~ o n b B~ Ky ~ K O ~ ~ - crene-
TO
rn s h e M e m I 6 y nepecexm-~ ~
CR Ap)T C ApFOM, TO A O ~ ~ M O
H e K m p o e yMeHbrueme Tern-
ra (crpo~aB s e q e ) , HOecm
C W H O YMeHbIIIUTb T e K m , TO
~ Y K B CTW)rI.
~I He IIpMMbIKaTb, a
nepeKpb1sax-b npyr npyra. H m -
HE3 T O K a nOKa3bIBaeT, KaK )'Be-
AHYeHMe TpeKHHra p a 3 p b I B a e T paBeHCTJ3a CO CBOMMH COCeARMM (PEIC. 11.16). TO CAY-
CBX3H M e m y GYKB~MU
U npeBpa-
'IaeTcs B TOG m n MHOG CTeneHEi C A I O ~ ~ I M MCKPEZBAeH-
II
WaeT TeKCT B Pa30PBaHH)lO UeIIb
HbIMM AMHMJIMM IIIPMCPTB, HO 3 + + e ~ T CTaHOBMTCR 60-
Ace B b I p m e H H b I M , K O r A a KPMBH3Ha K O H T f l a 6 0 ~ b m e .
Y 3 ~ ~UIPM+T
ii pacnoAaraeTcx Ha a c ~ p ~ l ~ n e ~
AHHHH UIPM+TB ropaano nprue, s e M ruapo~wii,y3~1le
OCHOBilHHX ~ Y K BA e r Y e IIOBTOpRIoT KOHTYP, n 0 3 T O M Y
B T a K u x C A ~ U Xp a 3 y ~ ~ Ue Ce ~ O A ~ ~ O B c~mT aI ,m e rap-
HEITYP~I. Y ~ M
KpyYe K ~ U B U , T e M 6onee p e u a r o u t r M
~ ~ K T O P O CTaHOBIlTCR
M ILIHpHHa ~ Y K B .
K p o ~ TOrO,
e M C K p M B A e H H U AHHMII LUPH+TB o6ec-
nesnBaeT npo6enb1 M e m a y ~ ~ K B ~B M+ M
op ~ eTpane-
UEIII. TO 0 3 H a Y a e T , YTO H a BbIIIyKAOM KOHTJ'Pe BePLUU-
PHC. 11.i6. npH
BMAUMOG AM- H b l ~ Y K BCAMUIKOM 0TOABEiH)PTbI A p y OT ApJTa, a Ha
HUH IIIpHClJTa 3aMeTH0, HaCKOAb- BOIXyTOM - CAEIUIKOM I I p I w c a T b I ApyJ? K ApjTy. Ta~oii
KO HeYKAIOXe paCnOAOXeHb1 H a
~a6op
CTaHOBIlTCR KOIIIMapOM A M K e p H M H r a , IIOCKOAb-
~ e f6J'KBbl.
i E y K B a I B BepXHeM
KY M3MeHHAWCb 0 6 b 1 ~ ~ b lOTHOILIeHMR
e MeXAy + 0 p ~ a -
nonyrcpymbe na,qaeT ~ ~ 1 1 no- 3 ,
TOMY ZIT0 COCeAHHe 6yKBb1 CKa- MM 6 y ~H~~ K
. O T O PCAOXHbIM
~ I M I I a p a M M O X H O IIOMOYb
TbIBkUOTCX C B ~ I I I J ' K A o ~AHHHH
~ U3MeHeHMeM KPMBH3Hbl AHHEiM ILIPM+TB, a AAX HeKOTO-
IIIpH+Ta. B HMXHeM IIOAYKPY- PbIX n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ bA 1 e~ ~ ~ C T BTOAbKO
HR ycyry6~1110~ npo6ne-
mbe cnpasennnso 0 6 p a ~ ~ o e ) MY (PMC. 11.17). T ~ K C 113TCTPOYH~IX ~ Y K Bc UCKPUB-
a HMeHHO G Y K B ~ M I M Nnposa-
A ~ H H O n n~ ~~ ~ i eI L
i iI ~ M + T ~
a O C T a B N t e T MeHbILIe XAOIIOT,
A H B ~ T C Xnon A H H M urpa+~a,
~
c o 3 n a s a r r BneYaTAeHne, 6 ~ 4 ~ 0 Y e M TeKCT, ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ b TO1hibiK O IIPOnMCHbIMM, IlOTOMy
6 y ~ I~p aac n o n o m e H a BbIrue ' I T 0 CpaBHMTeAbHO M a h o e YLICAO B e p X H I l X BbIHOCHbIX
3AeMeHTOB YMeHbLUaeT OCTpOTy n p o 6 ~ eB~b I,3 B H H b I X
TpanerJMeBMAHOCTbH, npo6eno~M e X A y ~ ~ K B ~ M M .
Ha BbInyKAbIX AMHHRX UIpM+Ta HeKOTOpbIe 6 y ~ -
BbI M O X H O n O A B e p r H j ' T b KePHMHrY M I l p M 6 h M 3 l l T b MX
TaKMM 06pa30~,m o 6 b 1 H a AMHMM LIIpH+Ta OHM KaCa-
AHCb A p y r ApyI'a, 06ecnesu~arr.T e M CaMbIM p a 3 y M H b I e
n p e A e n b I Aria npo6eno~M e m y B ~ I C T Y X I ~ I W M IB
I Bepx
YaCTXMH. ( 3 ~ a0P r Y M e H T B n O A b 3 y n p M M e H e H M X
rpOTeCKHOr0 lrrpM+Ta B ~ O A O ~ H CHT)'aYHRX,
~ I X T a X KaX
BbI M O X e T e 0 6 e c n e ' l ~ ~ O'IeHb
b ~ A O T H ~ I ~G a 6 o p6e3
H a n o m e H m 3 a c e r e ~ p y Hr a ~pyra.)H a n p m ~urpa+~
,
H a B O ~ H Y T OAMHHH
~~ IIIpM+Ta H ~ O ~ X O A H MpO
a3ABHraTb,
u 3~6Ie m a ~ bCAMIlaHMX B e p X H M X 3 A e M e H T O B .
'ITo~
B 0 6 0 CAY'IaSIX,
~ ~ CAeAYeT C H a ' I a A a BbIIIOAHEiTb T p e -
KHHr, a 3 a T e M 6onee TOYHO P ~ H O G KepHEIHI. (AM KO-
TOpOrO pa6om1 H ~ B ~ ~ O B O ~ O T ) .
T ~ K CH T a B ~ I ~ ~ K AAEIHMM
O G UIPM+TB O ~ ~ I ' 'IM- IHO
T a T b A e r Y e , Y e M H a B O ~ H F O ~ ~HO
, CAeAyeT a 3 6 e r a ~ b
paCIIOAOXeHEiX T e K C T a H a OKPYXHOCTM, nOCKOAbKY
'IaCTb er0 BbIBOAEITCR KBBepX HOI'BMM,.
T p e 6 o ~ a ~ aK a~ a 6 o p yTeKCTa H a E I ~ O T H Y T OAM-
~~
HMH XIIpMcfl~a - TpUeAMHbI:
PHC. 1 1 . 1 7 . IIOYTU K a x a a a
napa ~ Y K Bp0XflaeT n p o 6 ~ e ~ y
K e p H H H r a , K O r A a AUHHX IIIpkicp-
Ta USOTHYTB. B B e p X H e M I I p H M e -
pe, 6e3 Kepamzra, s a ~ e ~YTO
~ o ,
BbIIIyKAU CTpOKa YepeCYyp pas-
pexeaa, a BorH>.ru - sepecqyp
IIAOTHa. B HHXHeM IIpHMepe C
nOMOI4bH) PyYHOrO K e p H U H r a
YAahOCbA O ~ I I T ~ IIpaKTUYeCKH
CR
on-
O A H H ~ K O B ~ InXp o 6 e h o ~XOTX
,
pe.qeAexHbIe napbI, HanpxMep,
CoqeTaHue TV, O C T ~ A H C Heno-
~
~ ~ X A ~ H H ~ I M M
HaSopmmcs ecerna noceamana MHoro BpeMeHH ne-
peMeweHmo sero-~u6ynb~yna-nu60:n u c o s n a ~ uom.
s
cmynos (indention) nepeMemann nons, a AAS o6ecne-
Y e H M s saipaenueanu~(alignments) - nepeMerrlanH
~YKB~I.
IIBMIOTCII HCTOYHMKOM MHOI'EIX npo6ne~,
O~crynb1
nOTOMy YTO llPOrPaMMbI HaCTOAbHbIX H3AaTeAbCKHX
I Oo6pasuy
CHCTeM 06b19~0C K O p e e ~ ~ ~ C T B ~no T TeK-
CTOBbIX PeF[aKTOPOB, BeM CTPeMEPrCR BOnAOTHTb TPa-
nuuuu pysHoro ~ a 6 o p a .
B ~ I P ~ B H H B TaKXe
~ H H ~MOXeT BbI3bIBaTb 3aTpYA-
Hema, nocKonbKy nna ero 06ecnesesua ~am~eiiruyro
ponb EirpaeT s p m e n b ~ o eBocnpwame, a nporpaMMb1
He TO'IHO o ~ o 6 p a x a m ~
pe3yAbTaTbI HaCTPOeK.

O T C T ~ I I-~ TO
I ~ y ~ a 3 a ~ AAX ~ a m a n aOHH
e n ~ . cHrHa-
AU3EIppT 0 HOBOM a6saue, YCTaHaBAEiBaIoT HepapXMIo
~ A O K O BTeKcTa, onpeAeMroT HasHrauEiro no cTpaeaue.
k i ~ o r a aax npocTo H am
C I I O A ~ ~ ~Toro,
~ Y T O ~ pac-
~ I
CTaBIlTb ~ A O K HTeKCTa CBOHM MeCTaM, OTAahElTb
TeKCT OT rPaHB9bI T ~ K C T O B OP~a~M K H HAH 0 6 e c n e ~ ~ ~ b
lTPOCTP2lHCTBO ,4M HAAIOCTPWIIH.
M o m ~ oBbIAenuTb 'IeTbIpe OCHOBHbIX BHAa OTCTY-
IIOB ( ~ H c . 12.1):
nocmoxuwa~u'omcmyn (running indent), K O T O P ~ I ~ ~
cnsHraeT CoBoKynHocTb CTPOK c n p a a , chess HAH
c 06eux CTO~OH;
0 ((Icpacna~cmpoIca,, (first-line) HAM a63ayua1UY
omcmyn2 (paragraph indent), ~ o ~ o p bBhHseT
~fi
258 Yncma II. K a x aepcmama mexcm

~QCTO~H
OTCT'
H ~jnI ~ ? TOAbKO H a nt?pB)'Kl CTPOKY n O C A e B 0 3 B P a T a KapeTKM
The more upright and narrow an
arch is, the more directly does the
HAM K O M a H n b I KOHUa a63aua;
mass of it resist any pressure fmm omcmyn omnw~ou"'~, o @ a m n b i u " omcmynJ (hanging
above. kr fact, if an arch is narmw
enough, it is almost the same as a
shai ht pillar or column,
indent) - B a p M a H T nOCTORHHOr0 OTCTjTIa, ~ o ~ o p b r i i
whi& resists the weight of HaYMHaeTCX iIOCAe O A H O ~MAN
~ HeCKOAlKEiX CTPOK,
anything upon it. On the
other hand, if the legs of
the arch are far apart, they
npuncaTbrx K r p a H u u e n e B o r o nonx ( m u , no
can't resist as well.
~ p a i i ~ e Mi ie p e , pacnonomeHHbIx hesee B c e x
a63aq~blUOTCTyfl OCTaALHbIX CTPOK a6saua);
In fad, if an arch is nanow
enough it is almost the same as a 0 omcmyn, o w p o a n e n n b i u " no m o w e uu no Gyxoe (indent
straight pillar or column, which re-
sists the weight of anything upon it. on point ma indent on character) - BMA o T c T y n a ,
On the other hand, if the legs of the
arch are far apart, they cannot pos- onpene-
r ~ y 6 r ? a aK o T o p o r o o n p e n e M e T c r r nos~uaeii
s~blyresist so well, but will be
farced apart from each other more AeHHOrO 3 H a K a H a ~ ~ ~ A L I I ~ C T B ~ CTpOKe.
I O X L I ~ ~
easily, and the arch will break.

OTCTyn BT~XKOA
An arch is a c w e d masonry con-
shuchon for spanrung an open-
ihg consisting of a number of
wedgelike stones, bricks, or the
like, set with the narrower ride
toward the opening.
OTCTyn, BblPOBHeHHbll n0 TWKB
Arch- A culvcd masonry constmc-
;ion far s p m g an open-
mg, consisting of a number
of wedgelike stones, bricks,
or the like, whose n-wer
sides face the opening.
Korna T e K c T O ~ T ~ K X T(wrap) r p a + m e c ~ ~ HAM
ii
M H O ~3 A e M e H T , M O X e T IIOAYYMTbCIi K a C K a A CTPOK,
y ~ a m n o iI13
i KOTOpbIX C B O C~ O ~ C T B ~ H H LOTCTY".
I~~
B ~ O A L L I I N H C T Bn~p o r p a M M OTCT~IILIH a 0 ~ ~ c 0~ p%o -
K e CKAaAbIBaIoTCX, TO eCTL OTCTYnLI KYMY-kRTHBHL1.
H a n p ~ ~ eepc h, M B ~ onpenemnx
I n e ~ b o~ ~f c ~ 18
y nn y ~ -
KTOB N a63au~b16OTCTj'n B ~ A N % ~ H o18 ~ ~UYHKTOB, TO
H a Y U O n e p B 0 f i CTPOKH a6saqa OTOABMHeTCX H a 36 n y H -
KTOB OT ~ P a H M U b A
I e B O r O nOAZ.

PMC 12 1. g e ~ b ~ O
p CeH O B H ~ I X
B I m a 0TCT)TIOB ~ O C T O X H H OT-
~I~
C T y n O T U A B H r a e T C0BOK)'IIHOCTb
C f p O K OT OAHOrO l&\M O ~ O E I X
IIO-
EOALIL~MHCTBO
nPOrPaMM BePCTKH, CAeAyX 3a TeKCTO-
h e 6 H a OA&iHdXOBOep a C c T 0 X H l l e . BbIMM P e A a K T O P a M M , CYMTBWT O T C T P ~ T P M ~ ~ T a63a-
O M
A63am~1Gmcryn 06~1sao mnn- Ua. Ha CaMOM A e A e , 3TO H e TBK. O~cTyn- 3 T 0 a ~ p ~ 6 y r
o B o r o a63aua.
erca y r t a 3 a ~ e n eH ~ CTPOKM. TO CAOXHO IIOHIITb, n O T O M y r T 0 , K O r n a TeKCT
O~P~THOM
OTCTyIIe I I e p B a X
L T O K a EIcLW%HdeTCa OT r P a H I I U b I
nepesepcTbIsaeTcR nplr O ~ T ~ K ~ H T
E eIKHc T a , KTO ~0xe.r
xenoro I I O A ~ a, o m a n b I z b I e c r p e CKa3aTb, me CTPOKa H a W i H a e T C R M FAe ~ ~ K ~ H Y M B ~ ~ T c
XH a6saua CABHI'aIoTCX ~ A Y ~ H - T o r 0 ~ ~ 0 6 YCTaHEiBhllBaTb
b 1 OTCTynLI nOCTpOY-
H a O l C l y I I a , BbIPOBHeHIlOrO I I 0 HO, B ~ (HAM
I YTO 6onee aaxao, sama n p o r p a ~ ~AOA-
a)
rosKe, oIlpe.qenxeTcx B nep~06
CIPOKC, a oTcTyn saxsa~b~sae~
XHLI npenenax
K ~ K - T O o n p e n e n x T b H o M e p a CTPOK B

I I O T , 1 P 3 ~ T 0 U I HCTPOKH
~ a63aua NAH TeKCTOBOrO ~ A O KC
~ .~ ~UM~AEI~N~
~ a 6 o p ~ b 1n pe O r p a M M b I BbInOAHRAEI 9TO C nOMOIUbl0
CIIeUEIahbHbIX KOAOB, KOTOPbIe, HWIpEIMep, M O r N l lTpeA-
n e T b I p e CTpOKH C A ~ B O GBbIKAWY-
IIEICbIBaTb: c c ~ a 6 p a Y
KOG, B CAeAYK)IUUX T p e X CTpOKaX BbInOAHEITb OTCTyn
BAeBO H a 18 IIYHKTOB, a O C T U b H b I e CTPOKEI a 6 3 a u a Ha-
6 ~ 1 p aC
~Bb ~ I K A H ) ' I K O ~BAeBO>>.
~
Ta~ofiIIOflCseT CTpOK EI OTCTYnOB H e BbInOAHlleT-
CR HEI O A H O ~E13
~ IIOIIYAXPHbIX HaCTOAbHbIX EI3AaTeAbC-
KEIX I I p O r p a M M . OTCT)'~,
OAHaXnbI a6-
II~EIcBo€!HH~I~~
3 a U y , H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bOTKAIOYeH HeCKOAbKEIMEI
CTpOKaMEI H H X e 6 e 3 KOMaHAbI KOHUa a63aua, a O H a H e
MomeT He co3,qa~a~b
H O B ~ aI6~3 a~u .
H p a B ~ a ,CYJlIeCTBYloT O ~ X O A H ~
V IE~I , KOTOpbIe
IIO3BOARIoT + O P M I I P O B ~ T ~ ~1060fiBNA OTCTYna UAEI
ceprnro OTCTYIIOB, HO B c e OHM ~ p e 6 y r o6 ~0 ~ b m epa6o-
TbI, Y e M T o r 0 CTOIIT. ~ T E CI I I O C O ~ M OIlElCaHbI B n o c A e A y -
I O ~ E I Xpasaenax.

These acids eat away at the rocks, and the

weaker ofthe rwo-sarbonic acid-is prob-
ably the more important in this respect. It
ficmoanna~e omcmynw (running indent) n e p e M e w a r o T gradually melts the hard granite on which
the rain falls, and so transforms
rpamuy noneii cnpma HAM cnesa H a o n p e n e n e H H o e it, first into sandstone, and then
into sand. This process goes on
PaCCTOIIHEIe OT T~KCTOBO; PBMKEI. O ~ ~ I YI IH
p OOrpaM- very slowly, but it gocs on very
.%I B e p c m u c ~ m EIX u EI npaabudu (right)
m ~ e 6 b u (left) certainly; and in both of these
respects it resembles the greater
OTCTynaMEI. kI nOCKOAbKy OTCTYII CYMTaeTCX a ~ p u 6 y - number ofnature's most impor-
tant processes. The two acids in
TOM a 6 3 a u a , TO n e s b ~ f EI
i n p a ~ b ~ of ~
i c r y n OTHOCIITCH
b ~ rain are still more important in their rela-
tion tolife; the carbonic acid, as we already
KO BCeM CTpOKaM a63aua. know, and the nitric acid are both part ofthe
ECAM
B a M 3 a x o s e ~ c 1 10 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~o bT c T y n B c e p e a x - food upon which most all green plants live.

He a6saua, TO IIpEIAeTCR 1 1 p E I 6 e r H y ~ b K XUTpOCTEI

(PEIC. 12.2): H ~ O ~ X O ~ E IpMa 3O 6 m b a6sau H a +par~eH- PHC. 12.2. C O B ~ ~ Mnpo-
~ H H ~ I ~
TbI EI H a C T p O m b EIX T a K , Y T O ~ ~OHM
I BbIrAXAeAH KaK rpaMMblHe n03B0AxK)T C033a-
260 Yacma II. Kah- oepcmama mewm
-

BLIKAIoYKa no + o ~ M ~ T ) ' , TO ~ e o 6 x o n u ~IIpUCBOUTb

o napaMeTp ~ ~ I ~ H ~ ~ ~ I
B~IKAIOYKH(force-justify), S T O ~ L IIIOCA~AHRRc T p o K a s a n o m u ~ O
aTB~A~HH+
L Io~ p
~ ~a~.
ECAHa T a cTpoKa s a ~ a ~ ~ u ~nae + e x~cco ~a ,KOTOPLIG o n p e a e m A a r r p o r p a M M a , TO
ero c A e n y e T ~ ~ M ~ H Um Te cLT K u M n e + s c o ~ .
0 1 3 3 ~ e K H T bn a p a M e T p L I HOBOF0 a63aua TaKMM 06pa30~,Y T 0 6 b 1 MCKAIOYHTb 3 H a 9 e H H R
O T ~ U B O K80 a6saua H n O C A e a6saaa ( e c m TaKOBLI ~ L I A U ) .
Ci I l p a c n o n~a ~p a~M e T p L I o T c T y n a HOBOMY a6saay.
~ O C K O A ~ KYY K a 3 a H H M TeXHOAOrMR UCnOAL3yeT KOMaH.Liy KOHQa a6aaua (U B 0 3 M O X H O
mecmoro ,qe+wca) B cepeame acaaua, TO c A e A y e T u M e m s B U A ~ e: c m nnpyr n o ~ p e 6 y e ~ c a
n e p e s e p c T K a T e K c T a u K o H e u CTOKH n e p e M e c T m c R , BLI n o n p m e M a c c y x h o n o T .
B I I p O r p a M M a X , KOTOPLIe II03BOARH)T IIPWBR3aTb + P ~ ~ M ~ THe K
TC T a UAU r p a C t ) ~ Y e ~ -
KYIo P a M K Y K TeKCTY (IIOBTOMY OHH nepeMeLLlaIOTCR BMeCTe C OCHOBHLIM T ~ K C T O M ) ,BbI
M O X e T e CO3AaTL ~ O C T O X H H L IOTCTyn
~ n y T e M l l p U K p e I I A e H U R ~ Y C T OT ~ K~ C T O B OP~a M K I l
K TeKCTY. E o A e e I ~ O A P O ~ H Y HZIH+OPM~UEIK)
) 06 3TOM 6.44. d u e e B 9m0u' ZAaoe.

~ O C T O R H H L I OTCTynbI
~ lTOAYepKUBaIoT ypOflAUBOCTL BMCRYHX CTPOK ( u H + o P M ~ ~ U I ~
0 BHCRYUX CTpOKaX C&. B 2.4, 10).11 eCAU n p H UOAHOM + O P M ~ T CTPOK ~ ABe-TpU BUCRYMe
CTPOKU CMOTPXTCR n p U e M n e M o , TO OHM Xe, 0 6 h a ~ a xC OTCTYIIOM, BLIrARART, IT0 MeHL-
XI& M e p e , CTpaHHO ( ~ U C . 12.3). K o p o ~ ~U ~ Y i~ iK I ~? A~ O K HT e K C T a H a B e p X I H H e KOAOHKEI
k i c K a x a m T CUMM~TPMK) ~ O A O C L I~ a 6 0 p a
( o c o 6 e ~ H~aoOAHOKOAOHHO~~ c T p a m u e ) . ][.lcKama-
loIUEIii 3 C t ) + e K ~ yCImUBaeTCX, e C m B KOHUe B U C R s e r O TeKCTa C OTCTYIIOM eCTL O T ~ E I B K ~ .

POALa63aynozo omcmyna (paragraph indent), HAEI <<xpacnou'cmpolcu)) (first-line indent), co-

C T O B~ TOM, Y T O ~ L I0 6 0 3 ~ a ~ a 7 -Hb a ' I a n o a6saua. ~ O C K O A ~ KHOBOMY
Y a63auy O ~ L I Y H Onpen-
LUeCTBYeT HeIIOAHa/l CTpOKa, TO H a Y m O HOBOrO a6saya H a CTPaHEIUe U T a K 3aMeTHO. KO-
HeYHO, EICKhHIYeHUeM RBAXeTCR B e p C T K a C n p a B b I M + A ~ ~ O B L I MH ~ ~ O ~ Onptl M , KOTOPOM
He3aKOHYeHHLIe CTpOKLl XBAXHITCR H O P M O ~ ~EI, n03TOMY H e B C e r A a KOpOTKaR CTpOKa, B Ca-
MOM nene, R s N i e T c a n o c ~ e n ~ eqi io ~ o ia63aua.
i A ~oo61uea63au~b1eo T c T n L r H e o6x3a-
TenLHLI. Ho OHU I I p w a w r XOTX 6 ~ M1H m M a h b H o e rpa+imec~oeH n c H x o n o r w i e c K o e pas-
~ o o 6 p a s CTpaHEIUaM,
~e KOTOpbIe M H a W BbIrAHAeAU 6 ~ CAHIIIKOM
1 0 8 ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 ~EI 0CepO.
 PRC. 12.3. Bncxsne CTPOKH
( U C H ~ O T ~ IB~B)e p X y CTpaHkiUbI
Storage Systems 143 Y X a C H t I , IIOTOMY ZIT0 XBAXmTCR
n 0 C A e n H l l M l l CTPOKaMU CXIMCKa,
which computer stores information, keeping an index K O T O P ~ IO
~+OPMA~N c OTCTY-
of which sector holds what information on that disk.
noM. OH^ ~e T O A ~ K OC o w a m T
Macintoshes and PCs format disks differently-they BnegaTAeIine OTopBaziHoro
create different patterns of sectors on the disk. This means
two things: (1J a diskette from a Mac won't work on a PC + p a r ~ e s ~Tae K c T a B ~epx~~eii
(although Mac8 can read PC-formatted diskettes), and (2)the YaCTEl CTPaHIIUbI, HO T a K X e pas-
capacities of diskettes formatted on the two machines arc 6 n ~ a mUeAbHOCTb
~ nOAOCbI Ha-
slightly different.
When you buy a blank diskette (or a new hard disk), 6opa. E ~ M H C T B ~ HCHp e~AI- M
your computer has to format the disk before it can use it. For- CTBOM HCUeAeHHB IIBAReTCII ne-
matting divides the disk into sectors, which are like file draw- peKOMnOHOBKa CTpaIiMUbI
ers in which documents and pieces of documcnte are held for

PMC. 12.4. O y e H b I L I n p O K a R
To get a photograph into a computer, the image has to be digitized-turned nohoca ~ a 6 o p annmc rhy60~nH
into a pattern of numbers that represent the light and dark aspecw of the pic-
a 6 s a q ~ b r im
i c~yn cnoco6c~~ywr
ture. The most popular way to do this is with a scanner. You can also manipu-
late images recorded with a video camera or with the new generation of elec- o 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ n sncxsnx
m CT~OK.
tronic cameras, which store their images on small diskettes instead of tradi- n o c h e n ~ x ac T p o K a nepeoro a6-
tional film. But neither of these latter alternatives achieves the image quality 3 a U Q CAIlIIIKOM KOPOTKB, HO ee
of a scanncr. HeAb3X C q N T a T b B I I O A H O ~M e p e
A scanner consists of a band of sensors called datgc-couplcd ~ticaseii.n p o 6 ~ e BO3HllKaeT
~a
dmicu, or CCDJ. Thcse sensors, arranged in a fine grid, each look at a minute
113-38 TOTO, YTO O H a BCe-TBKH He-
portion of the page and read how much light is reflected from it. 'This bright-
ness level of each tiny sample--orpixcl- is then recorded as a number. As AOCTiLTOYHO BAMI3Ila AAR TOrO,
the image being scanned moves past the row of sensors (or as the sensors move q~06b1n e p e K p b I T b a 6 3 a q ~ b 1 i i
past the image, depending on how the particular scanner works) the entire o ~ c ~ ycheny~orunii
n, 3a ~ e i i3,T 0
page is samp/cd, mapped onto a grid whose squares are all assigned numbers. M c o s n a e ~O ~ I O M H ~ I6pocam-
~ ~ ,
4
~ n i i c xB rha3a p a 3 p h I B M e W Y
a63aua~a
A63aume c r r c r y n ~Y a c r o a 3 ~ e p a m c Ba K e r e s -
HLXX(em), u o ~ c ~ By onn H y K e r e A b H y r o cosnae~BneYaT-
AeHEle n y C T O r 0 K B M p a T a . AAfI BeAUqHHbI a63aumur
OTCTYIIOB CTpOIXX npa.BHA H e CjTIleCTByeT, eCAH H e CYH-
TaTb, T O m 6 b 1 e K P ~ O C T I IIIAOXEI. MU~HLKU~
u rpa-
a63aqm1ii c r r q H e B b m o n m e T c ~ o e isi ~ a r HII
+mecm, HH ~ + O P M ; ~ I ~ I I O H H O .A 6 3 m f i mcryn, KOTC-
pb6i CNiZLMOM BeAEiK, M O X e T B b I f W e T b OPMIXHahbHO,
262 Yacmb II. ICax eepcmama m e ~ c m

HO OH C ~ O C O ~ C T BO~~~P T~ ~ O B ~ H BEICRYUX
EIIO CTPOK, KOTOpbIe B IIPOTHBHOM C A F a e EIMeAM
6 b 1 nOCTaTO'-IHYfO flAEIHY, ~ ~ 0 6 IbI e1p e K P b I T b CAe&YfOIUyIO 3 a He% CTPOKY C OTCTJTIOM
(PEIC. 12.4).
B KOHeYHOM CZleTe, BeAHYHHa a 6 3 a y ~ 0 1 - 0OTCTyIIa n 0 A X H a r a p M O H H p O B a T b C $ 0 ~ -
MaTOM KOAOHKEI. ~ H P O K ~ IIOAOCP
J I ~ a 6 o p OT
a my6o~oroO T C T p a TOAbKO BbIMTpaeT. Bce
3aBEICEIT TOAbKO OT UX COOTHOLUeHHR. A 6 3 a u ~ b 1 %OTCTYn, P ~ B H L I3~KWeAbHbIM,
~ - KaK
p a 3 TOT OTCTYII, K O T O P ~ I % O ~ ~ I S H B
Oc T p e S a e T c R B KHUXHOM ~a6ope.
Kpac~ymCTPOKY AYqLUe BCerO H a 3 H a Y a T b C nOMOI4bIO KOMaHAbI OTCTJTIOB, KOTOPbIe
MOrYT 6b1Tb BKAmYeHbI B O n s c a H E I e CTUAR (6onee nonpo6s~f0 E I H ~ o ~ M ~ u M0 I OCTHARX
CA4. 6 zn. 17). I 3 3 6 e r a h e HCIIOAb3OBaHEIR KAaBEIIUM <Tab> ( O C T ~ B ~ee T ~AAR p a 6 0 ~ b 1
C T ~ ~ A H ~ ~U M HEIKOTAa
H ) H e I I ~ M M ~ H R %AART ~ CO3AaHEIR OTC.r).na CepMlo n p o 6 e ~ o(EIx ~
KIIEIpEIHbI M O T MeHRTbCR B I l p O q e C C e B~PCTKH)'. He CTOHT T a K X e 3 a A a B a T b a63a11~brfi
OTCTF ~EIKcEI~oB~HH~n I MpUo 6 e ~ a( ~K ~ ~1~ ~ A ~ H ~XIM 3aEEICKAlOYeHEI-
I OEAIJ ,' K ~ ~ ~ A ~ H ~ I M I),
e M KOPOTKUX p a 6 0 ~nOCKOAbKy
) n o ~ p e 6 y e ~ c OYeHb
ri MHOrO BpeMeHEl EI Y C H A H ~AAR ~ UX
XOPPeKTHPOBKA BO BCehl AOKyMeHTe I I p U CMeHe I I a p a M e l p O B KOMIIOHOBKEI EI ~ E I 3 a k a .

O r e H b Y A O ~ H OOIIpeAeAXTb a 6 3 a q ~ b r O
e T C T p b I KaK n a p a M e T p a 6 3 a u a , OHH CO3AamTCH
~ a x c ~pas,
~ ~Kio ri n a H a m H M a e r c r r KnaBEzrua <Return> (<Enter>).T ~ cosnae~ca
K H O B ~ I ~ ~
a6saq y KOTOpOrO IIepBaJr CTpOKa aBTOMaTHYeCKM I I O A p a e T O T C T F .
HOMHOrfla B a M HYXHO H a Y a T b HOBYfO CTPOKY 6e3 O ~ P ~ ~ O B ~ HHOBOTO EIR a63aua, H a -
npaivep, AAR c n x c K a B cepenme a6saua. B T a m x c ~ p a x xM, o m H o u c n o ~ b s o ~ am- a ~ b
~ u unepeooa
' cmpoxu (soft return). C ero n o w o u b m HOB= c T p o K a Q O P M H P ~ ~ T C R6e3 o6pa-
S O B ~ H E I RH o B o r o a 6 3 a q a (PEIC. 12.5). Bce n a p a M e T p b I a 6 3 a u a OCT~IOTCR B c m e nocne
p a 3 p b l B a CTPOKEI, IIpOCTO O H a H e RBAReTCR I I e p B o % , II03TOMY B HI?% OTCj'TCTBYeT OTCTYII.
K n a ~ a a T y p ~ cb o~Kep a a e H u x M x r K o r o n e p e B o A a CTPOKEI y p a 3 ~ b 1 xn p o r p a M M p a u u -
SaIOTCR, HO BCe OHM A~%CTBY~OTOAEIHBKOBO.
 The halftone screen densities that are ap-
plied to photographs vary according to how the
images will be printed. The higher the quality of
the job, the higher the screen density Here are
some common line screens and their uses:
65-85 lines: letterpress newspapers
100,120, or 133 lines: offset newspapers
a 120,133, 150 lines: magazines

200 and 300 lines: fine color reproduction

The paper used for the job also affects the
choice of screen density, as fine or coated paper
can reproduce a fine dot pattern better than un-
coated, more absorbent stock.

EOA~LUHHCTBO IIpOrpaMM TpaK'IYIOT OTCTyn B T E I X K O ~

(hangingindent) KaK BapHm a63au~oroo~cryna"XOTH
3TO HeBepHO. OTCT BTRXKO% AyzfuIePaCCMaTpHBaTb
KaK ~ O C T O E I H H ~ IO%T C T F , 3HaseHHe KOTOpOrO 6onbme
OTCTFa lTpeAbIAJWHX CrpOK. XOTXTaKaSl OpraHH3a-
UHH CTPOK morna H ~ ~ ~ I B ~ obpamtlu.t ~ T C I I omcmynoA
(reverse indention), sawe Bcero ee H ~ ~ ~ I B ~IIpOCTO K J T
BTRXKO% (outdent).
EOA~ILIUHCTBO IIpOTilMM n03BOAReT OIIpeAeAHTb
o ~ c ~ yKnO, T O P ~ IHasmaeTcx
~~ Ha B T O P O ~cTpoKe
~ a63a-
ua H npononmaeTcs ~o ero KoHua. I'Ipouecc CO3AaHHSl
TaKOrO OTCTFa COCTOHT B IIpHCBOeHHEl OTpHUaTeAbHO-
ro s ~ a s e ~a m 6 3 a u ~ o ~OyT C T Y nI Ip~ o. r p a ~ ~
Core1
a
Ventura Publisher no3~oASle~ HasaTb OTCryn B T R X K O ~ ~
Ha ~1060% CTpOKe, XOTSl OHa TOXe OIIepMpYeT IIOHHTH-
eM *~FiUaTehb~b& OTcTy"*.B HeKOTOPbIXlTPOTl)a.MMaX
264 Yacma II. Kalt sepcrnama meltcm

cAeAyeT n p H c B o m b s ~ a ~ o Tec T~y n a~B cee M y a6saqy npexne, s e M nporpaMMa nos~o-

AI~TnpHcBoMTL O T p H u a T e n L H o e 3 ~ a ~ e n~e up ~eo fc T p o K e .
~ ~ M C B O ~
OTPMqaTeALHOrO
H M ~ 3HaYeHHX K p a c H o f i CTpOKe (HAH HeCKOALKHM IIepBLIM
CTPOKaM a6saqa) 3 a C T a B N i e T BCe OCTaALHLIe CTpOKM a63aua O ~ P ~ ~ O B L I B O~ ~T TCLV 6 e 3
~ a ~ o r o - AHX M n~e pOe M e u e H H x . TO xoporuee pexueaae, HO OHO nurueao CMLIcAa. OTPH-
u a T e n L H o e s ~ a ~ AM e ~nepaoi~ e CTPOKH ~ O A X H O B L w B H r a T L H a Y a A o nep~ojiCTPOKH
BAeBO 3 a r p a H H U y T ~ K C T O B OPaMKH,~ a O C T ~ A L H OTeKCT
~~ a 6 3 a u a IIpM 3TOM 3 a H H M a e T
nOAHyIo IUHpHHy XIOAOCLI ~ a 6 o p a(KCT~TEI,HeKOTOpLIe BeKTOpHLIe I I p O r p a M M L I T a K Fi
IIocTYII~IOT). HCTEIHHLI~
O T C V BTEIHCKO~~
&OAXeH O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B L I BnPHCBOeHFieM
~ T ~ C R Onpe-
AeAeHHOI'O (IIOAOXHT€!ALHO~O)
OTCTyna HMeHHO T e M CTPOKBM, KOTOPLIe AOAXHLI CTaTL
Kopose.
B ~ O A L I I I H H C T B ~n p O r p a M M , eCAH BLI XOTHTe C03AaTL O T C T BTIIXKO~~,K O T O P L I ~ ~
HasuHaeTcX H a ~ p e ~ ~c Tep oi Ki e a6saua anx A a A e e , B a M w e n y e T cosnan HOBLIEa6sau H
nPHCBOHTb e M y C O O T B ~ T C T B ~ I O I U OTCTYII.
H~ E C A H B a U a I I p O r p a M M a IIO3BOAIIeT npMCB0-
I ~a IIOAOXeHHFi TOYKH HAM ~ Y K B L B
UTL O T C V , O C H O B ~ H H L H I I I P ~ A L u ~ c T B ) ~ I oCTpOKe
~~~~
(CA c~ledyw2yutipa3dd e ~a ~ ~ o z
z~l "a s a l ) ,TO BLI M o x e T e HCIIOAL30BaTb 3 7 TeXHOAOIUH) AAII
cosnaanx o T c T y n a BTIIXKOG H a ~1060ji c T p o K e no x e n a H m .

~ O A ~ I I I H H C T BHCIIOAbsyeMbIX
O O T C V O B B T I I X K O ~ ~OnPefleAXIOT r ~ y 6 1 1 OTCTyna
~y no TOY-
K e HAM s ~ a ~ ~~ Oo Bi Hi ~ H(indent H on point) H a npen~1~yr4eii c T p o K e ( p ~ c .12.6). BLI
o n p e A e A x e T e 3 ~ TOYKY
y BCT~BKOG0c06oro H e n e q a T a e M o r o 3 ~ a B~HYXHOG a ~ O B H U H HH a
CTPOKe, a BCe IIOCAenyIOIUHe CTPOKH IIOAYYaT OTCTyn B n p a B O OT TOG TOYKH.
MOXHO~ c n o n ~ s o a aTOT ~ b BHA O T c T y n a B K a s e c T s e ~ ~ M ~ oHT cLT y I n a B T ~ ~ X K O or-
~,
A a H ~ O ~ X O & M MHaYaTLO O T C T F H e CO B T O P O ~CTpOKH
~ a63aua. npo6ne~a B AaHHOM WY-
Y a e COCTOHT B TOM, YTO n o A o x e H F i e T a K o r o o T c q m a B c e r n a ~ ~ B H C HOT T IIIHPMH G ~ K B .
AP~~HM C AH O B ~ M M ,BLI H e C M o x e T e O n p e n e A u T L s H c n o B o e s ~ a ~ nnrr e ~~ O~~ He ~ OT-I I H
C T a . K p o ~ TOrO, e HeBO3MOXHO OnpeAeAEiTL TOYHOe n O A O X e H H e OTCTyrra B CTpOKe: BLI
BLInOAHXeTe BCTaBKY 0c06oro 3 H a K a , M eCAM TeKCT M3MeHlleTCR, TO H MeCTOIIOAOXeHHe
= O r 0 3 H a K a CTaHOBMTCX APJTEIM. T a ~ o fO i T C T A p U l e BCerO MCIIOAL3OBaTb C03Aa-
HMX OTCTYIIa B T X H C K O ~ ~ K,O T O P L I ~BH3YaALHO
~ BLIPaBHHBaeTCIi no YeMy-TO ( T O X ~ BHAMMO-
MY) B npe~ruec~aymueii cTpoKe.
 ARTICLE21
Section 1 The eighteenth article of amendment to
the Constitution of the United States is
hereby repealed.
Section 2 The transportation or importation into
any State, territory or possession of the
United States for delivery or use therein
of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the
laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section 3 This article shall be inoperative unless it
shall have been ratified as an amend-
ment to the Constitution by convention
in the several states, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from
the date of submission thereof to the
States by Congress.

H ~ K A O HKOAOHKH
H ~ I ~ ~a6opa
H O ~ T ~ K ~ H H ~
Halclon~alenos (skewed margin) - STO HOAR, y KOTO-
P b I X rPaHIIULI - n p R M b I e , HO H e B e p T I i K U L H b I e AIIHHII.
A n o u , K o T o p L I e LIeMem H e n p s M L I e r p a e t r m r , H ~ ~ L I -
s a m c a @uzypnbuu (shaped margin) (pac. 12.7). Chi-
V p H b I e HOAR, KOTOpbIe CAeAyIOT KOHTJ'PaM AP)TOSO PMC. 12.7. c P l l ~ y p ~ x b nonrr
re (~ep-
3 A e M e H T a CTPaHIIULI, Ha3LIBaK)TCR O ~ ~ X U H U(wrap).
~ & XHU% n p ~ ~ eOp~ L)X W I O~ 0 3 ~ a m -
cs n A R ~ O r o ~, r o 6COOmeTCTBO-
~1
H a m o ~ ~ noM o 6 ~ e ~ MOXHO
b ~ eLIe a ~ m paCCMaTpliBaTb s a ~ KOHTYPY
b rpa+u'~ec~~oro
cne-
KaK B W ~ IO T C T ~ O B ,B KOTOPLIX OTCT~I-ILI ( c n p a r t a , u s o 6 p a x c e ~ 1 i xIxacrpmaue. Ha-
sa am c o6em CTOPOH) M e m m I i H a ~ax,xojic r p o K e . K A O H H b I e n 0 A R ( H U X H H ~ ~IIpM-

~ O M U M O3 a 6 o ~ b 10 TOM, X a K C 0 3 A a T b HOAR T a K m
~ e pMMeIOT
) IIpXMbIe, HO H e B e p -
TMK&lbHLIe I'PaHMUbl. H~KAOH-
K O H ~ H ~ Y ~ ~BU
a MU CAeAyeT
~ , 0 6 p a ~ ~ iCaMOe
~ b Hpki- H b I e ROAX I i e CO3AaEOT O C O ~ ~ I X
CTaALHOe BHElMaHHe H a TO, K a K BepCTaeTCIi TeKCT, no- npo6neh.r npu B e p C T K e , a TeKCTO-
C+ I I ~ ~ H ~ I M
Bblii ~ A O K r l OHM M k i
C K O A ~ K Yn a p a M e T p b I + ~ H K U U H n e p e H o c o Bn BLIKAKJ~-
M O X e T MCKaXaTbCR N3-32 CTPOK,
KII (H&J) aas~~ecrn OT + o p ~ a ~n oan o c t I ~ a 6 o p a BLI
, K o T o p b I e H e n p e p b I B I i o TO y B e A a -
B c T y n a e T e H a terra incognita B C I I T ~ ~ U I I I IK, o r A a A A a H a 'IMBaIOTCR, TO Y M e H b I l i ~ I O T C R
266 Yacmb 11 Kalc oepcmama melccm

A
text CTpOKH H e n p e p b I B H O MeHReTCR, O C O ~ ~ H HOOn a C e H TOT
setting
in which MOMeHT, K O r A a CTPOKH CTaHOBSTCR O S e H b KOPOTKHMH
line lengths
get m shot7 is ( p ~ c 12.8).
.
almost impossible
to compose well. O A ~HHTOT me ~ a 6 o pn a p a M e T p o B H e c M o m e T pa-
With luck and lots of
s m l l wards, you may be ~ O T ~ T EH. a BCeM A H i m a 3 0 H e AAHH CTpOK, IIOBTOMY no-
able to make such a setting
work, but the odds arc clearly ~ p e 6 y e ~ c6onburoii
x o 6 a e p~ y s ~ o i pa6o~b1
i AAR T o r o ,
against you. Ideally, programs
should allow you to set h&j parame- Y T O ~A ~ OI C T U Y ~o f i ~ o o 6 p a 3 ~npo6enon.
x M ~ o r ~TOI'O
~a
ters on a curve, as you can with Irack-
ing adjuolmcnts. This would provide the
program with vdable guidelines to follow
as line lengths change within a single hams or
columa. We don't have anything re-
motely kkb thatyd.Ulough.

PHC. 12.8. H y x e ~T a h a H T CO- H ~ K A O H~ H

A O~KIH~
TeKCTa H e CO3AaIOT n p o 6 n e ~AASI
YHHMTeAR, ~ T O ~ LIIPAAYMaTb
I
BepCTKH, K O r A a r P a H U U b I none$ napaAAeAbHb1. no-
T e K n AAS Y3KIIX II LUIIPOKMX Sa-
CKOAbKY BCe CTPOKU UMeIOT OAUHBKOBYIO AAMHY, TO
m& 3TOTO KOHyCa PI PaBHOMep-
HO e T 0 pa3MeCTIITb. CTPOKM, TeKCT KOMnOHYeTCR T W Xe, K a K e w u l 6 b 1 V a H H U b I 6 b m
p a c n o A o x e H H b r e H a nHKe KOHY- BepTPiKaAbHbIMH.
ca, npenenbao KOPOTKII. IIo CA~AY ~ T 06pawa~bBHPiMaHUe H a m y 6 ~ ~ y
TOAbKO
M e p e TOTO, KaK CTPOKR Y,~AIIHX- ( n p a ~ ~BO
a 6 3 a ~ ~ b 1OTCTYIIOB
x a ,UMR COXpaHeHHR re0-
XOTCX, npo6enb1c r a ~ o ~ m cBscie
M e T P H U HaKAOHHOrO ~ A O C
KA~e A y e T HX ~oo6ryeE I C K m -
nporpm-
ecrecrBeHHee, T ~ K ~ K
WWb). K a m ~ a a
C T p O K a B HaKAOHHOM TeKCTOBOM ~ A O K ~
M a BePCTKU nOAyYaeT LUaHC OC-
TaTbCX B npeAeAaX YCTaHOBOK mxeeT i HHOG O T C T Y ~no o T H o r U e H x m K npenwe-
~ o iUAU
A h a n e p e w o c o B H B~IKAWIKM ~1060;a 6 3 a ~ ~ b lOTCTyn
c T J 3 y I O w e f CTpOKe, II03TOMY ii
M O X e T OKa3aTbCR AOCTaTOSHbIM AAR TOrO, 9~06b1 TeKCT
n O A y Y U A U3AHUIHIOIO CT)'neHYaTOCTb.

@ H ~ Y P H ~~ IA~O K I IT e K C T a - ~ O P O X A e H U eKOMnblOTeP-
HOE 3nOXEi. B H a S a A e ABaAUaTOrO B e K a ~MIIoI'pacpb1-
KOHCTpyKTMBUCTbI C 0 3 A a B a h l I YAHBUTeAbHbIe B e w U B M e -
TaMHYeCKOM ~ a 6 0 p e HO
, TOAbKO K O M n b I O T e p n p M H e C
~ H 3 a G ~ e CpB aO ~~O A Y ,He,ZIOCTHXHMyIo B M U p e B ~ I C O K O ~
neYaTli. Tenepb BO3MOXHOCTII AAR CO3AaHHR H e B b I p a -
BUM0 Y p O ~ A H B O r O~ a 6 0 p IIpaKTHYeCKH
a 6e3rpil~IIY~bl.
--
PMC. 12.9. Hyxea 3aKOH, 3aIl-
French soccer fans were shocked when the country's finest team--0lympique
Marseille-was accused of rigging games by bribing opposing players. Not since the p e I 4 a l o 1 l r ~ f i TaKyIO BepCTKy.
infamous Chicago Black Socks scandal broke open the corruption rampant in the B flm1OM CAYqX TeKCT He TOAbKO
American professional baseball leagues in the 1920s has a sports scandal so shaken a
nation's confidence in fair play. According to sworn testimony, several membels of o 6 ~ e ~rpa+nrecnoe
ae~ n306pa-
an opposing football club were given cash bribes by officials of Marseille
--known simply as IS-to play at "less
than their best" in a I e that Marseille
needed to win in orde to secure the national
championship. All French soccer fans are
shocked, but none
from Marseille. After years of
vainly supporting a mediocre team.
they had seen their blue-clad heroes
rise suddenly to
league, thanks in
money lavished on salaries that lured
so many top players to this gritty Medi-
terranean port tow Butjust as fast as OM
rose, it has fallen. having been banned
from representing n an important interna-
tional competition, the team has now been stripped of its
league title as well. One of the problems in this &air seems to have
bcen the reaction of French team owners and French league authorities, who in the
opinion of many failed to investigate the case in a timely and energetic manner. The
lackadaisical approach taken to the investigation reminded many commentators of
the stonewalling by the American government during the initial phases of the
Watergate scandal. But like Watergate, this was not a problem that would simply dry

@ M ~ H b l ~e A O K E I - 3TO CaMbIe H 3 0 I U P e M b I e B W b I
BepCTKH. C H a Y a h a B a M H ~ O ~ X O A H MpOa 3 p e l r r H T b np0-
6 n e ~ b KOMIIOHOBKEI,
1 ~ O M X H j T b I eP a H e e H BbI3BaHHbIe
TeM, W O OAHH ~ a 6 o YCTaHOBOK
p A M nepeHOCOB H BbIK-
AIO9KH H e M O X e T CIIpaBElTbCX C TIOCTORHHO H3MeHXIO-
mHMEICX ,4AHHaMEl CTpOK. c?I"Ip,ue~y ~ o 6 0 s m a e ~ o c ~ b ,
T aoM , rae
oco6e~~ 06TeKaHEIe BbIIIOAHeHO 6 e 3 n y ~ ~ o .
~ O A ~ L I I H H C T BHOe y A a s H b I X IIpHMepOB O ~ T ~ K ~ H H pe-
X -
3 y A b T a T IXAOXO~
KOMIIOHOBKH CTPaHHLXbI, HO A a X e H
~ a ~ ochpaii
ii MOXHO cnacm xopomei m o r p a + ~ ~ o i .
XOTX,KOHeYHO, BCTpeYaIOTCX EI 6 e s ~ a n e m ~ b 1BapEI-
e
aHTbI (PHC. 12.9).
~OIIOXBA~HMX~~O~~~MMB~PCTKHAMO~T~K~HHII
E l C n O A b 3 0 B W CepHKl O C O ~ ~ IOXT C Y O B , C03AaBaBLUHX
~ I ~ H Y X H O ~+ O P M ~ I ,
+ E I I ~ ~ HIIOAX a 3AeMeHTb1, KOTO-
 0 6 ~ e ~ aPa3MeXUaAllCb
p b I e TeKCT e~, I103Xe. B I I p O V a M -
M a x sepcmw a c x o n ~ b r iKO-
i O ~ T ~ K ~ H E(runaround)
IR
(060p~a7) c o a n a e ~ co n~p e n e n e H E i e M s ~ a - i e ~ omcmy-
11~
nu a.m casuza (stand off) T e K c T a OT 0 6 % e ~ ~ KOTOP~IG a ,
O ~ T ~ K ~ ~ THe3aBIlCMMO
C R , OT TOrO, q T 0 3 T 0 - QpaI%feHT
T e K C T a lUI1wao6pameme. T% yCT2WaBAHBaeTCR np0-
6ehb~m3 0 H a (gutter),B KOTOpYIO K e r e A b H b I e IIAOIUWKFi
~ H ~ K Oo B K p y x a m m e r o T e K c T a H e n o n W a r o T . B cnyqae
0 6 ~ e ~ mrpa@KPi8,
m n p O r p a M M b I 06b19~0 l'lpeflAaI'aKvr
PMC. 1 2 . 1 0 . 0 6 ~ e ~Tae K~ m~ae ~ b 1 6 0 pTIlnOB O ~ T ~ K B H L ITeKCTa
R B 0 K p ) T CaMUX 11306pa-
Ha pacyme o n p e n e A a e T c R +op-
rneauii MALI~ o ~ pHX y rr a 6 a p ~ ~ ~ pb a1Mxo K (p11c. 12.10).
MO% r p a + u ~ e c ~ o r~o3 0 6 p a x e -
H M R , a H e ero r a 6 a p F i ~ a ~ l i .
Kpax y m a ~ o s n e ~ ~npo6esaoii
oii o6~ac~ (stand
a
r a 6 a p ~ i ~ Hp aaM~ K a He o 6 ~ 3 a - off) C A y X a T K a K 6 b 1 ~ P ~ H N S H ~OO~ A O C OGAR ~ TeKCTa.
TeAbHO AOAXHa 6 b n b nPRMOY- ~ P O ~ P ~ MB M
e P C~T X
K H n 0 3 B O A R K ) T I13MeHRTb QOPMY
T O A ~ H O % ,IIPOrPaMMbI BePCTKU DTOGn o A o c b I , e c m p a 3 ~ e ~ a npyroii
e ~ c ~rpa+usec~uf
n03BOARloT CO3naBaTb KPYrAbIe
061.e~~. ~ ~ X U U T H n~ORA O C a COCTaBAeHa Fi3 O T p e 3 K O B
li OBahbHble PLMKM, a TaKXe
PaMKM-MHOr0)TOAbHliKM npOM3-
npaMbxx, ~amnbxii113 K O T O P ~ I X MOXHO n e p e M e u a T b .
B O A ~ H O H+ O P M ~ I MOXHOT a K X e A O ~ ~ B H6onbrrre
T ~ OnOpHbIX TOYeK
B O q e p T a H H e nOAOCbI, 4 ~ 0 6 b 1IXOAySHTb BCe 6 o ~ e MeA-e
m e O T ~ ~ B K I11I c IIX n o M o m b m T o w e e 3 a n a ~ bK O H T ~ P
0 6 T e K a H I 1 R 0 6 1 . e ~ ~(PHC.
a 12.11).
0 6 T e K a H P i e B b I m R a H T Ay.lrue, K o r n a PiCnOAb3yeTCR
BbIKAKl9Ka no + O ~ M ~ T YA. eCAH HCIIOAb30BaTb ~ A B T O -
Bb1fi ~ a 6 o pT, O M O X e T n O K a 3 a T b C X , S T 0 TeKCT BOBCe I1
He 06TeKaeT A ~ H H ~ o
I ?~ ~% ~ K T .

A e r ~ eB c e r o CO3AaTb 0 6 ~ e ~ a ~IIpRMOJTOAbHbIX
11e KOH-
~ y p HAHo ~ p a M o K . K ~ BKc e r n a , nep~efrueiisana~eii
RBAXeTCR .L(OCTHXeHHe PaBHOMePHOCTIl npo6enos B 3a-
Y X e H H b I X CTPOKBX.
B ~ TMa K X e C A e n y e T CKOHUeHTpPipOBaTb B H H M m e
Ha npo6enbno~IIpOCTpaHCTBe M e X A y O ~ % ~ K T O IM 1 06-
T e K a I o U E I M TeKCTOM. ~ ~ O C T
O nO
p e f~i e A e H E t e OAHHaKO-
 The wines of Bordeaux have a flavor that sets
them apart from all others. It's origin? Some
say it's something as prosaic as the roil. Others
argue lor more mystical influences. But what-
ever it is, it's made these wines from western
France a benchmark of quality for centuries.
Although they're mostly composed o l Cab-
ernet grapes, and the blends used there are
no rnyatery, no one else has that
a i n p l a r flavor that eome characterize
as lead-pencil shavings-a descrip-
tion that seeme bizarre, but is actu-
ally quite apt when you

r0 o 6 a e ~ ~Taa,M IIOAy%iH)TCSi OLWHaKOBbIe OTCTYIILI. TOSKM

B & O A ~K o H T y p a - 3T0
AH a 11IIOA O ~ T ~ K ~ ~0 6M' h~e I~ M
~ o HHTePAMHLRX
M TeK- e T O O n O p H b I e TOSKM, K O T O p b l e

CTa M O X e T U3MeHSiTL LUElptlHY ~ P ~ H H V HIIOAOCLI

O ~ ~ MOXCHOnePeMewaTb * TaKnM
06pa30~U 3 M e H R T b KOHTJQ 06-
OTT pE a~ 3
B~ ~ B H C ~ O C ~ e ~ q er p~am+ a ~ e c ~ o roo6 a e ~ ~ a TeKaHUl. c I I p a ~ a - pe3yAbTaT
OTHOCHTeAbHO h ~ ~ ~ l f i
II.I~EIC$IT~' O ~ T ~ K W U TeKCTa.
~ ~ ~ O 06TeKwulrpa+,ugecKOrOH306-
K ~ nKo ~ ao pMCYHKe (CM. PEC.
~ a 3 a H 12.12), nOA0- paxexaa
2 70 Yacma 11.Kah- sepcmama meh-cm

PHC. 12.12. B A
rpa+urec~uii~ A ~ M ~ H
H ~ H H L no
~ B KOAOHKe
O ~
B ~TI P, O B -
I ~ ceme A H H U ~mpu+-
T a , o6pa3ye~s o ~ p y c
r e6~ rpa-
HH'IHYIO nOAOCy H ~ O A U H ~ ~ K O B O ~ ?
UIHPUHbI H3-3a BAHIIHIIR UHTeP-
AUHbSDICa 06~e~amwer0
B npaBol?
UIUpUHbI
TeKWP.
KOAOHlCe YPaBHliBaHUe
n p o 6 e ~ b ~ onOAOCb1
ii
A O C T U ~ H ~ T O3a C Y ~ TC M e L u e H m
_--

.....

.
pn.tlCarubjecr L&J nuL wbhu, clii~ik

..
.uprire, with modcl;

lbllgniodcrarely
to ai ~inan

.mother to gradual1
b.~brfrom the tire
_. . .ha.falkn;,hor~u~
use ~iiodcrrtio~~
prcwnr. I srra in cr
or rqu,vocarr--I w'ill nor cucuse-I \
inglc inch-and I u~rilhe l,~.xrd.Slie a
re%I
ae moderate
u,l~ure

the lrnrids of ilie ra

in
.

.
, O n thissubjccr Ldnar,rwirh turhink

,
nrirc, wirl~rnodec:~rion.No! no! Tell a
h o u x is on fire, o

modcrrrcly rescuc
rile hands of tllc r
tmorhrr n, gradua
babe hum tile fin

u e moderarian i~
yrerenr. I acn in e
pat rquivocare-l will not excuse-I v
single incll-riad I u d l l r iicard.'I'lic. a
xopb.ir rnougl~ru nrakr every ntarur peaple ii rnough to makc rvery sraur
rpa+usec~oro s A e M e m a c AU-
HliU U I ~ U + T U~ U 3 M e H e H m UIU-
p-I m q n ow
~ o6~e~amwe- BePXHHX BbIHOCHbIX 3AeMeHTOB B T O P O ~ CTPOKH
~ 06~e-
r0 TeKCTa CO BCeX T p e X CTOpOH
K a I o q e r o TeKCTa. ~ O A O ~ H ~0 6I pMa 3 0 ~ , HHXHIoIO rpa-
HHU~ r p a Q n ~ e c ~ o ~r o3 0 6 p a m e ~Hm~ X H O~ b x p o ~ m b
no AXHUH HXXHHX BbIHOCHbIX 3AeMeHTOB IIPeAIIOCAeA-
H ~ G
CTPOKH CABHHj'TOr'O TeKCTP. TO 0 6 e c n e ~ u ~
BH3Y-
u b ~ poa B H b I e n p o 6 e n b 1 HU H no4 ~ 3 0 6 p a m e ~ u e ~
~ O C 3AT O~r 0 OCTaeTCX TOAbKO A O ~ U T ~ C PI I ~ B H O ~ ~
LUHPH-
Hb1 BepTPiKZlAbHbIX OTPe3KOB npo6enb~oGIIOAOCbI IIO
OTHOIIIeHHK) K rOPH30HTahbHbIM.
Ha pHC. 12.13 A B e KOAOHKH C P B a H b I M I I p a B b I M
K p a e M O ~ T ~ K ~I I pI X~M O
T yrOAbHOe ~306paxe~ae.
Ha n p H M e p e cnesa ~ B ~ H ~~ pI aGof 6 ~ e ~ ~a3 e0 6~p a x e -
PHC. 12.13. He COBCeM yna'I-
H o e AByCTOpOHHee 06~e~anue
U3-3a TeKCTa C (PAXOB~IM~a60-
POM. Ha npmepe chesa ~ B ~ H I , I ~
IIpa~bIfi pal? A ~ B O
KOAOHKH
~
O ~ T ~ K X Trpa+u~y,YTO cosna-
e T HenpPIIITHyH, a C U M M e T p U I 0
C POBHbIM KPBeM n p a B 0 i KOAOH-
KU no npyrylo CTOPOH~ OT ~306-
pWKeHUR. B b ~ p a B ~ m a m3 e~ 0 i i
samu TeKcra ( n p u ~ e pcnpa~a)
n e n a e T sepcncy 6 o ~ e ~oruwoii,
e
XOTX U 38 CYeT H 3 M e H e H W T U n a
BbIKAIOYKEI B A ~ B KOAOHKe
O ~
KOAOHKH A e A a e T n p o 6 e ~ b ~ ynohocy
m c A e B a OT ~306-
p a X e H H X 3HaYIITeAbHO UIHpe. kI 3TOT P B ~ H ~ II GC p G
I I ~ o T H B o ~ ~ ~~ U
O TB H rOp a~H H
~ Lle H a I I ~ O T H B O I I O A O X H O ~ ~
cTopoHe 0 6 ~ e ~ a e ~ uoa ro o6 p a r n e ~ ~ l Perue~ue
s, ripen-
CTaBAeHO B lTpaBOM l T p H M e p e , B KOTOPOM CTPOKH, 06-
T e K W U H e PHCYHOK CAeBa, BbIPOBHeHbI. M XOTX AOrH-
YeCKH 3 T 0 H e COBCeM IIOCAeAOBaTeAbHO, HO 3 a T O
B e p C T K a BbII'rlAHT A y W J I e , a PHCYHOK O K P Y X e H npa-
BHA~HO
H ~P O B H O ~I I O A O C O ~IIyCTOrO
~ IIpOCTpaHCTBa.
B e h u s u ~ an p o 6 e ~ b a o ITOAOCbI
f MeXCAy TeKCTOM H
O ~ T ~ K ~ ~o M6 ~a I eM~ 3aBUCUT
~ o ~ OT ~ T ~ o I I o ~ Cu TH a~-
H H U ~ IM p a 3 ~ e p a0 6 ' b e ~ ~ aAM
. T o r o s ~ 0 6 b 1CO~AIOCTH
IIOCTOXHCTBO, BCe 0 6 ~ e ~ a e ~ b06'beKTbI
1 e B AOKyMeHTe
A O A X H b I I l M e T b OAHHaKOBbIe n p 0 6 e n b ~ b l e IIOAOCLI,
IIO3TOMY B ~ I ~ P ~ HIlIHPIlHa
H ~ R A O A X H a 6b1Tb KOMIIPO-
MHCCOM M e q y nonocoii , q r l c a M o r o 6 o n b r u o r o o 6 a e ~ -
Ta (~o~opbxii 0 6 b 1 4 ~ 0~ p e 6 y Ae ~M H e e OTHOCElTeAbHO
60nburefi ILIMPHH~I)H c a M o r O MaAeHbKOrO 0 6 ' b e ~ ~(KO- a
T 0 p b 1 f M O X e T Ka3aTbCX IIOTepXHHbIM, eCAH O K P Y X I l T b
ero C A U ~ K O Mr u ~ p o ~ onipi o 6 e ~ b ~ ononococ)
ii .

O s e H b YaCTO K a X e T C X , YTO 0 6 ~ e ~ a r n ~TeKCT

u ~ i iCOnpO-
TEIBAXeTCa KOHTYPY 0 6 b e K T a , K O T O P ~ I OH
~ ~ 06TeKaeT.
PxC. 12.14. K ~ nKo ~ a 3 a ~Hao
n p a s ~ l ~ TaO I ' O n o ~ a 3 a ~H aa PHC. 12.14. XOTXnpo- PHCYHKe, He IUPHCPT CAeAyeT
rpaMMa B cocToxHHa T O ~ H OB ~ I X B H TKOHTYP
~ rpa+n- KOHTYPY T P ~ H H Y H O n~p~o 6 e n b -
s e c K o r o H ~ O ~ ~ ~ X ~ OHH H Xe , Y q U T b I B a e T + O P M ~ I
a H HOG nohocbl ~ o ~ p rpa4usec-
yr
~ Y K B ~, O ~ T O MKY O q p 0 6 ~ e ~ a r n ~OeTrcoT y n a OIIpe- KOrO 0 6 b e ~ ~aaer0, KereAbIIble
.4eAaeTcX H e PaCCTOXHHeM OT ~ Y K B A 0 0 6 a e ~ ~HO a ,PaC- UAOIQanKH. B ~ I A ~ A ~ TeKCT
IIH~I~~
n03BOAXeT YBIlAeTb KereAbHLle
CTORHHeM OT HX K e r e A b H b I X IIAOUaAOK A 0 o 6 a e ~ ~ a .
nAOIQ2lAKH U TO, YTO TeKCT AH-
Bcne~crsnesero morns K a x e T c a , TO IUPH+T r y A x e T xce B c e r o K KOIITYPIIOG AHHUH
B ~ O A n H~H a H 0 6 T e K a H E l ~ 3 H c o 3 n a e ~B n e s a T n e H u e B TCX MecTax, rAe o ~ r nowti
a sep-
H~~oBHo~II~o~~A~Ho~~IIoAoc~I. TUKahhBa
2 72 Yacrna II. Kax oepcmarna m e u m

PHC. 12.15. ~ P ~ H H U MKOTO-

,
p b l e onpeneAnloT oTcTyn nm
O~T~K~K)LU
TBKCTB,
~ P O BLWeAe-
HbI, Y T O ~ ~nOKa3aTb,
I YTO AAR
Kpyra ( n p u ~ e cpn e ~ aco3nae.r-
)
CR H a CaMOM n e A e KOHTYP 06-
TeKaHHR O B ~ A L I I O (POPM~I.
~
~ A TOTO
R ~ ( ~ 0 6 b0 l6 e c n e ~ n ~ b
BnesaTAeHne oKpyxxocTa,
c j ? O p ~ yV a H H u b I OTCTyIIa o6~e-
K a m m e r o TeKcTa I i y m H o c n A D
UHTb CBePXY U CHU3Y. TO no-
3BOAReT BHaHMOMy I l l ~ E i c j ? ~ ~ ,
a H e HHTePAHIIbRXY HAM Ke-
EAbHbIM IIAOUanKaM c j ? o p ~ H -
POBaTbKOHTYP O ~ T ~ K ~ H H R

B ~ H I I ~ r p a + l i K He e I I p e p b I B H O W O - H U ~ ~ BAb I~p a B H U B a -
E ~ K BBbIPaBHHBaKlT
IOT OTHOCHTeALHO = I ~ ~ O - H H ~ Y C ( L . ~I
BAOAb AHHHH UIPEI+T~. C T ~ O Ka6saua
H BbIpaBHHBaIOT
B ~ O A Lr p a ~ ~ r l rnoneii.
, ~ KOAOHKH T e K c T a H a cl.pmuue
BbIPaBHHBaIOT IIO B ~ P X H ~CTpOKe.
G O y e H b YaCTO IIpH-
Y H H O ~H~e y n a 9 ~ 0 i iBepCTKH HAH H ~ C ~ ~ A ~ H C U P O B ~ H H O
TFi XBASIeTCX IIpOCTOe 0TC)T'CTBHe BLIPaBHHBaHHR.
OCHOBO$ A ~ G o GX O P O U O C B ~ P C T ~ H O CTPaHHULI
$ XBAffeTCII H e B W H M a S i CTPYKTJ'PB, KO-
Toparr ~ a s ~ ~ ~ aA eO ~J YcJr~r~ cemxoi
O~ (grid). OH^ 0npenenxe.r H a c T p a H U s e nonoxesne
ohacmu naGopa upugma (type area), H a n p n M e p , c a ~ o inpoc~oii i nonocL1 ~ a 6 o p a B mine
n p r r M o y r o n L H m a ( c ~ a x eT~e K, c T a p o ~ a ~ an)o. ceme saaae~crrnoAoxeuue u y ~ e p a y u u
(folio). OH^ y n p a B M e T n o A o X e H a e M ~0AoumumyAa~~ (running head). Cema o n p e n e n r r e T
CTpyKTyPy KOAOHOK, BKhK)'IaSi UX UIXiPIIHhI H BeAEIYHHY npo6eno~- cpednuxoa" (gutter) -
M e m a y HHMH. OH^ T a K x e o p r a ~ a 3 y ecemxy ~ nunui upugma (baseline grid), K o - r o p a s
0 6 e c n e ' 1 ~ ~ apacnonoxesae
e~ CTPOK T e K c T a .
K o r ~ CeTKa
a A E I H I I ~~~Z I P H + TXeCTKO
~ QIIKCHPOB~HP,
TO K a X A a x CTpOKa TeKCTa BbI-
PaBHHBaeTCII IIO 3TUM AHHUZIM. ECAHB3rAXHJ'TL H a MHOrOKOAOHHYIO CTPaHkiUY, TO M O X -
HO 3aMeTIITb, W O COOTBeTCTBYIOUHe A P Y r apYrY CTPOKH KOAOHOK PaCIIOAOXeHbI H a OA-
HUX U T e X Xe AXHHRX I J . I ~ H + T ~ " . B ~ a ~ 0BepCTKe fi HHTepAXiHbsX HeAb3X I13MeHHTb T a K ,
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2 74 Tacma II. K a x aepcmama mexcm

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aBTOMaTHreCKH AOCTUYb 3TOrO TPYAHO, eCAH TOAbKO
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ONLY $4999
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PMC. 12.19. B n p e n c ~ a ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ o i i
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2 78 Liacmb II. K U Ksepcrnamb rnexcm

We go forth confident that we shall win. Why? Be-
cause on the paramount issue of this campaign there
is not a spot of ground on which the enemy will dare
to challenge battle. If they tell us that the gold stan-
dard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform
and tell them that their platform pledges the party to
get rid of the gold standard and substitute bimetal-
ism. If the gold standard is a good thing, why ay to
get rid of it?
We go forth confident that we shall win. Why? Be-
cause on the paramount issue of this campaign there
is not a spot of ground on which the enemy will dare
to challenge battle. If they tell us that the gold stan-
dard is a good thing, we shall point to their platform
and tell h e m that their platform pledges the party to
get rid of the gold standard and substitute bimetal-
ism. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to
get rid of it?

PMC. 12.22. Ae+Ncbr CO~A~WT ~ ~ H K T ~ ~ I J U BEfcsYaH

IO.) ~ ~ ~ T ~ K T ~ ~ u T UHOrAa
E I E I ' ' MCnOAL3y-
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103.2%
Totol Investm~nt~(o) $ 82,Wl BCerO BUCRsPfe 3 H a K B BCTPeYaIOTCR B T ~ ~ A U -
(Coa$83,985)
UPX, B HUX 3HaKkI CHOCOK ( ~ B ~ ~ A O Y KKpeCTUKU
U, U T. n.)
Othwkjetj ond Lidilitier (Nst) (3.2%) (2,574)'
O ~ L I Y H OBLIHOCHTCII H a I I O M MAX B n P O M e X Y T O K M e X -
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MbIX Y a ~ ~ eCTpOK,
f i T a K M He3anOAHeHHbIX (PIIC. 12.24). nOcepeAAHe
KoAo'iKn TeKcTa

Slugs and Furniture Slugs and Furniture

Thick leads are called slugs. This term
is usually applied to all sizes from 6-
point up, as 6-point slugs, 12-point
slugs, etc. Slugs thicker than 12 points
are seldom used. When spaces of two
or three picas are to be filled, two or
three slugs are used. Pieces of metal
exact picas in width and depth, known
as metal furniture, are used to fill larger
spaces.
Thick leads are called slugs. This term
is usually applied to all sizes from 6-
point up, as 6-point slugs, 12-point
slugs, etc. Slugs thicker than 12 points
are seldom used. When spaces of two
or three picas are to be filled, two or
three slugs are used. Pieces of metal
exact picas in width and depth, known
as metal furniture, are used to fill larger
spaces.
~ A O KUeHTpIlpOBaHHOrO TeKCTa OYeHb 9aCTO H e BbIrAXAHT TaKOBbIM H3-3a TOrO, 9 T O
B YCAOBMEIX CHMMeTpEiIi r ~ a A3e r K o ee 6 a n a ~ c .
3 a ~ e q a neM~e H H o TO, STO H a p y m a e T
Han6onee 9 a C T O B C T ~ ~ ~ W I Q n~p ~
HW~ C
i ~X
0 f HapyUIeHHX
i 6 a ~ a ~ XBMIOTCX
ca OUIH-
6 0 9 ~ b 1 MeXCAOBHbIe
e n p o 6 e n b 1 . n p H H R T 0 CO3AaBaTb n p a B H A b H 0 UeHTpHpOBaHHbIe C T O -
KII C IIOMOIIlbIO XeCTKOrO MnH MXIXOrO p a 3 p b I B a CTPOK, a He B pe3yAbTaTe ~ C T ~ C T B ~ H H O ~
BepcTKu. HOK o r A a B ~ TIa K p a 3 p b 1 ~ a e ~Ce~ O K M TO
, ogeHb herKO nepeHecTu u npo6en,
C KOTOpOrO T e n e p b HaYHHaeTCX CAe,Z(yIO~aX CTpOKa, a ~ O A ~ U I H H C T B IOI p O r p a M M H e
B C O C T O H H ~n~o m b , VTO npo6en B A ~ H H O Mcnygae H e Y e H . ( T ~ n o r p a + ~ ~ ~
r o lB eo -c ~ ~ ~
PX, H e T H ~ O ~ X O A H M O C T I HaZIIIHaTb
I HOBJC-0 CTPOKY C MeXCAOBHOl'O npo6ena.) B TaKHX
C A y Y U X , CTPOKH BbIrARaIIT HeIJeHTPHpOBaHHbIMH, IIOTOMy T O OHH ~eu"CmC?~mt?Ablt~
BHe
uempa KOAOHKH (PHC. 12.25).
~ e H l ' p H p o ~ a H H bK)'PCHBH~I~
6 3arOAOBOK H a TeKCTOM, H ~ ~ P ~ H HnPXMbIM
~ I M IIIpH+-
TOM, T a K X e M O X e T BbIrARAeTb CMeIUeHHbIM OTHOCHTeAbHO U e H T P a , IIOCKOAbKY 3aTOAO-
BOK HaKAOHeH BIIPaBO. EAHHCTB~HHO~
CpeACTBO - T O ~ H ~ Ir AGa 3 , K O T O ~ ~G
OIIpeFIeAIIT
OXlTEi'leCKOe IIOAomeHEie U e H T p a . AOCT~TO'IHO
CaBHHYTb T X O ~ 3arOAOBOK H a HeCKOAbKO
V K T O B BAeBO, ' l ~ 0 6 bOH~ C T U 6 b l ~ A ~ a e mIleHTPEIPOB2LHHblM.
b
 kI HaKOHerr, U e q I I p O B a H H b I e CTPOKII, KOTOPbIe Ha-
s m m u m ~ ~ K W I I B ~ C I rI p a + ~ r e c ~uaa 6 b 1 ~ 1 1 request the honor of your presence
at the marriage of their daughter
3HaKaMII ( ~ X M T ~ I M I KaBbIqKaMII,
I, T H p e , MHOTOTO'IHRMH Melinda and Mr. Joeiah Kennicutt
m ~ B ~ ~ A O W ~ MTIoI m) e H e C O ~ ~ I I O BT n e s a T n e H m qem- at two-thirty in the afternoon
on the twenty-fifthday of May
P ~ J O B ~ H H ~ (PUC.
IX 12.26). Cna6~1e3 ~ npww m 90- at The Long Acres Chapel,
K ~ M
He 6 o ~ ~ B~e cua , eq e M npo6e~,HO C A B ~ ~ X Y9 T o ~ y Whitinghurst-on-Waye
B A P F O M HXIpZlBAeHXH, A r n e e M OHa r e O M e T p U ~ e C K I I
T o r 0 U e q I i p O B 2 i H a . ~ T O ~ ~ I ~ ~ C T ~CTPOKY
L B ~ T
BbITM-
I % PHC. 12.25. I'Ia~aac T p o K a
AeTb A€!~~cTBHT~A~Ho
u ~ H T ~ I I ~ o B W I H BaM
O ~ ~H, ~ O ~ X O J W M O B TOM n p t i r n a m e t r t i x ZBHO B ~ I -

UenaTb ~ e 6 0 ~ b mofxi q n , c~@mamLUllji

~ O K KYKPW A e n a e T c s , XOTX B c e CTPOKH npo-
r P a M M H 0 UeHTPMPOBaHbI. M O X -
n o n o c b I co CTOPOH~I ua60ro 3 ~ a ~ a .
HO IIpeAIlOAOXklTb, YTO I I p H s H -
H a KpOeTCZ B TOM, 'IT0 X~CTKIIH
n e p e H o c CTPOK y B A e K ~a cneay-
K)UYIO CTPOKY PI M ~ X C A O B H ~ I ~ ~

K O M I I ~ I O T ~ ~ H ~ I €I l!p O r P a M M b I BbIpaBHIlBaKJT ~ Y K B IIO

~ I
npo6e~
r p a H u u a M IIX K e r e f i H b I x XIAOIU~AOK(bounding boxes).
K o r ~ a6 y ~ ~ CWHO
b 1 y B e m m R , n p 0 6 e ~ b 1M e x A y
IIX 1 1 3 0 6 p a m e ~ uU~KpCMMII
~ ~ HX KereAbHbIX IIAOWa-
~ P E R E N C ELIBRARY
AOK (TO e c T b IIX no~yanpomw)T a K m e p e A u r H s a r o T c s %IS SERIESOPT ~ m o o a DESIGNED
s
II CO3AaIOT n p o 6 n e ~ yAAX BbIpaBHIIBaHUR. H a ~ G o ~ e e Fon HOMESNDYAND SELF-GUIDED
EDUU~ONALCOURSES-
OseBIlAHO 3 T 0 - Ha IIpEiMepe ~ ~ K B I I UKOTOPCM
~I, IIC- M ~ n c u m u D~sloNeD
s~~ AND
EDITKD-IsPARTONEOF
n o n b s y e ~ c xAAR y K p a m e H x x H a s a n a a 6 3 a q a . A ~ I N G D O N ~XNS~TUTB's
LLE
UAR T o r 0 ~ ~ 0 6BbIrARAeTb
b1 B ~ I P O B H ~ H Hno
O ~B~e p - CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM

~PiKLlAbHofiH a I I p a ~ A R I 0 ~ e (fH
i a n p I I ~ e p BepTHKLlAbHO-
,
MY XIOAIO C T P ~ H H U ~ I A 6
) ,I O ~ C M y ~ ~OKaHgIIBaIOWCMCII
a,
nmoM ( ~ a n p ~ ~6eyp~ ,s aW)ma o ~ p y r n o c ~ b(Ha- m
IIpIIMep, 6 y ~ ~ 0 b 1UAII C), A O A X H a BbIXOAIITb 3a 3'Iy
B e p T I I K a A b ( ~ H c . 12.27). I I O A O ~ H L3AeMeHTbI
I~ OseHb
c n a 6 b 1 B r p a + z i s e c ~ oOTHOLUeHIIII,
~ IIOBTOMY 6 y ~ ~ a
6y~m Ka3aTbCJl B~IPOBH~HHOG TOAbKO TOrAa, KOrAa B e p -
T%iKLlAbHaR AIIHIIR B ~ I ~ Z ~ B H I I B Z ~ H I IUpRo f i ~ qepe3
e~ T~AO
6 y ~ ~ (c&. b 1 o 6 3 m m 8 2A. 3). C ~ Y K B B M M Y , KOTOpbIX
I I A o c K I I ~ ~K p a f i , IIOCTyllaXJT IIpOIUe: IIX BbIPaBHUBaIOT
 wing full weight to rcspondcnt'r con-
tcntian with rcrpcct to ibred in thc
B HaCTOAbHbIX H3naTeAbCKMX CEiCTeMaX AOBOAbHO
somplste canrinvity ofthe "rmunof
T p Y n H O AOCTHgb BbIpaBHHBaHMR K ~ ~ I I H o ~BJ ' K B H U ~ I .
commerce" by ruron ofmpondcnt'r
mululcmrmg opsndonr, thc hcr re-
maim that thc smpp%gcof those op~mdomby indul-
,&lXe IIpOTpaMMbi, y KOTOpbIX e C T b +YHKUHR KBMCR-
uid smfe would have a most scriaw effectupon in- gas IIYHKTYaLlHR>> ( 3 ~ 0
3 H a Y H T , YTO OHH 06nanaro~
tcntltc commerce. In view ofrapondent's &-flung
activitia, it is idle to uy tha the effect would bs in- 0 r l p e A e ~ e H H o iIIpOHMUaeMOCTbH,
i T a H E l U TeKCTOBbIX pa-
&cct or rcmote.
h l ~ ~ n) o, ~ p e 6 y r n3HaYEITeAbHOTO
~ B p e M e H H AAX O I I p e -
iving hrll weight to mpondcnt's con- AeAeHEIR HYXHOTO CABHTa ~ Y K B H L I ~ H I . ~ K O T np0-
O~~I
tendon with rcrpcct to a beak in thc
complctc continurty of the "rmmof r p a M M b I nO3BOARH)T HCIIOAb30BaTb O T C T y n B T R X K O ~ ~
commerce" by revon ofrapondent's
rmnufacrunng apcndom, the hct rc- (hanging indent), 9~06b1 n e p e M e w a T b ~ Y K B H U YBAeBO.
rminr tha the stoppage ofthosc opcrrdolu by mddr-
eial r d e would havc a most redow effectupon in- TO BbI3BaHO T e M , YTO, XOTR ~ Y K B E I U PH M e e T POCT
tentarc commerce. In view ofrupondcnt'r &-flung
activiticr, it is idle to s y that the e 6 c t would be in- B H e c K o A b K o TOK, TeM H e MeHee, o H a P a c c M a T p m a e T c x
direct or remote.
n p o r p m ~ o iKi a K Y a c T b nep~oiiCTPOKII. B n p o r p a M M a x ,
K O T O p b I e AAlf TOTO, ' I T O ~ ~ III O A y g H T b B ~ I c T ~ I I ~ H , I U
PHC. 12.27. G A R T o r 0 ~ ~ 0 6 b 1 I I e p B p CTpOKy, o ~ R ~ ~ I B Z U BaC
O T CO3flaBaTb I I O C T O R H H ~ I ~ ~
6 y ~ s eC O K p y A b I M 3AeMeHTOM
o T c T y n cnesa ,qm ~ c e iKOAOHKH,
i B ~ McAeAyeT c c a M o r o
BbIrARAeTb B ~ I P O B H ~ H HII0 O~
rpmuue s e p x H e r o nom q a ~ u - H a q u a o n p e n e m w b 6onbmyro m u p ~ KOAOHKM.
~y
U ~ I ,ee H ~ O ~ X O A U M nOe p e M e c - B HeKOTOpbIX n p O T P a M M a X eAHHCTBeHHbIM CIIOCO-
THTb TBK, 9~06b1OHa CAerKa 6 0 0 ~6 e c n e q ~ IIpaBMAbHOe
~ b BbIpaBHHBaHHe 6~KBPiLlbl
BbIIIIAa 3 8 AHHUIO BbIPilBHHBa-
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M e H T a , a H e K a K qaCTEl TeKCTa. % 0 6 p a m e ~ ~CeH a Y a h a
H ~ H H O ~eCAH
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~a6opa B a T b +~'HKYMIO O ~ T ~ K ~ H TeKCTa.H X B ~ O A IH ~e M A e -
IpH
~ b x i cnoc06.
i
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((JP~TIIMII CAOBaMII, BCe, W O H e BKAXOYeHO B KOAOBYK)
~ a 6 h ~ ASCII).
uy CIIeIlPiahb~b1
T a~K~H e 3HaKH Ha3bI-
BBXOTCX AIlLUb IlOTOMy, YTO KOMIlbIOTep CYIITaeT IIX
rpaXAa.HLHaMII BTOpOrO COpTa.
K ~ H~~
K 3TII 3HaKH, HaIlHCaHO 6 2.4. 4. B A ~ H H O G
r n a B e M ~ PI a c c M o T p n M , wo aenam c HHMH, e c m B ~ I
yme H a w H HX.

~ O A ~ L U U H C T B LUPII@OB
O C O A e p m HeCKOAbKO COTeH
S H Z O B , XOTX O T A e A b H b 6 LUPII+T M O X e T BKNOYaTb H
TbICXSH. B IIOCAeAHHe rOAbI HeKOTOpOe KOAHseCTBO
rup~c@-o~brx Qaiiho~+ o p ~ a wTrueType
~ II OpenType,
C O A e p X a W H X OrpOMHOe YHCAO 3 H Z O B , 6 ~ 1 CO3AaHO
~ 0
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MH - +IIPM~MH Microsoft ~l Adobe. Ho n o K a TO Ae-
MOHCTpaUUOHHbIe 06pa3~b1,II MbI H e 3HaeM, KaKHM
6 y ~ UIPH+T
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K o A O C c U b H y I o pa6o?y, B A O X e H H p B C o 3 ~ a m qe I I + -
T a C T~ICIIY~%
BHaKOB, CTOMT IlAaTHTb HH3KYK) U e H y ,
a n O A b 3 0 B a T e A H COrAaCHbI I l O A A e p X H B a T b ~ O A ~ L U H ~
~H~AHOT~KH III~HQTOB.
O w a ~ noxoxce,
o wo mome 0 6 u r e ~ 3 ~ e c ~ CNM- ~ b r e
BOAbI, KOTOPbIe yXe C j T U e C r n F B Apylwc. U I ~ N @ T O B ~ D ~ '
+&%ax H BKnmYeHbI B ~ a 6 m u y Unicode ( ~ a n p a ~ e p ,
PHC. 13.1. I I o s ~ uB c e s ~ o
YrOAHO M O X H O HGTU B KOMII- KanUTenb U 6 y ~ s bC
l p4aKpUTUWCKUMU 3HaKaMU

A e K T e CIIeUUahbHbIX U a h b T e p - B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q ~ S ~ M ~ D E P
HaTUBHbIX 3HaKOB. Hau6o~ee AAjriixk9&fi&giif
yRbb6ijBg*deii$yi
0~06pa-
U3BeCTHbIe 3 A e M e H T b I
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qu(t)pb~ cTapom c r u n n u sepxuue u w e K c b l
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1 1 2 1 3 L 2 6 4 1 6 1 3 6 2
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Vz 343 Y3 l/4 3/4 =% % 3/s 5/s7

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O B ~ I XSymbols k ~ ITC
B I L I P E I + T +&ax ~ lZapmingbats),
nepeKogyroT B U I ~ E I ~ T O B +op~a~a
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ki ~ A ~ T ~ ~ H ~KOMIIAeKTLI
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+ a h (font).
 C p e ~ nBCerO ~ ~ o r o o 6 p a 3A
mOnOAHuTeAbHbIX
aAbTePHaTEIBHbIX BHBKOB, KOTOPbIe BCTPeYaDTCR
B IIIPM+TOB~IX +ahax, 061uenpa~mb1cnenymwie
(puc. 13.1):
KanmeAb (small capitals);
0 AononmenbHbIe nxraTypbI (extra ligatures);
0 npocTbIe npo6u (fractions);
a n + p b ~AM BepxHEiX EI =mix w e K c o B (superior
and inferior numerals) M S H ~ K NAAII nocTpoeHm
~po6eii;
nOpRAKOBbIe YEICAEiTeAbHbIe (ordinals);
CHhIEOAbI&W BepXHm W e K C O B ( ~ ~ p e r icharacters);
or
6 y ~ s bc
1 pocsepKaMa (swash characters);
THTbHbre CEIMBOA~I(titling characters);
0 ahbTepHaTxBHbIe B H ~ K E (alternative
I characters);
0 LIEI+P~I
cTaporo CTW (old-style figures);
0 6 y ~ ~ e ~ KOHUOBKM
~ b 1 e (finials, terminal letters);
0 opHaMeHm.1EI + A ~ P O H ~ (ornaments
I and fleurons).
B MHpe KOHKYpeHUEIEI EI M ~ ~ o ~ ~ E I ~ ~ np0-
I A ~ H ~ I x
AaX U I ~ E I + T ~YBeAnYeHEIe KOMIIAeKTa 3HaKOB MOrAO
6b1C ~ O C O ~ C T B O BP~OT
CT~J' UeH EI IIOAJfYeHHH, AOIIOAHEI-
pacnpoc-rpa~x~e~eii.
TenbHbDc n p ~ 6 b w e fAAX B nm- PMC. 13.2. K a I I E i ~ e h b ,creaepw
6 0 ~apse noxome, w o U I P H + ~ . I 6 y ~ npoAoAmaTb
y ~ p o s a H H a a n p o r p a ~ ~(B o sepx-
i
paCUIHpRTb KOMIIAeKTbI BHaKOB, XOPOUIO 6b1 H e yes- ~ e CfT p O K e I I O M e Y e H H a R K a K
lIO,Z(AeAKa -fake) - 3 T 0 IIpOCTO
MepHO, a BM 6y,qe~eBbIHYXAeHbI HCnOAb30BaTb EIX.
y M e H b I U e H H b I e IIpOIIHCHbIe. Ta-
KOe YMeHbIUeHMe A e A a e T IIITpH-
XM V e p e C V y p CBeTAbIMIl B CPaB-
~ YMK B B M H
HeHHH C O ~ ~ I Y H ~ I M
~orcpyrnee. MCTHHH~S (true) Ka-
Kanume~a(small capitals AH small caps) - TO KOMII- IIr??.eAb B H R X H ~CTpOKe
~ np0-
e K T H p y e T C X C n e U H U b H O , Il Ha-
AeKT YMeHbUIeHHbIX IIpOnUCHbIX. O ~ ~ I ' I OHEI H OEIMeIQT
CblWeHHOCTb ee I U T P H X O B ,
p a s ~ e pCTPOYHbIX G ~ K B( 3 ~ BHa'iHT,
0 YTO EIX POCT AOC-
a o T c m A a M MX a u B e T p , npercpac-
nlraeT T O A ~ K Oc p e a ~ e AHHIIII
f - mean line),XOTR Emor- HO raPMOHHPylOT C IIPOIIHCHbLMH
&a OHM 6 b m m li BbUUe. OCHOBH~SI PO* KallMTeAEI - ~ ~ K B ~ M H
288 Yacmb II. Kax oepcmamb mezcm
For Viet Nam War veterans
organizations, the issue of
paws and MIAS is still a sore
point in their relations with
the U.S.government.
For Viet Nam War veterans
organizations, the issue of
rows and MIAS is still a sore
point in their relations with
the U.S.government.
PBC. 13.3.B o6oax cnyram Ka-
nuTenb creHepxposaHa npo-
r p m o . B B e p m e M a63aue o H a
HeCKOAbKO C B e T A e e O K p y X a I O -
W e r O TeKCTa. Kanmenb B HNX-
HeM a6aaue 0 6 ~ a n a e~yvrueii
~
H a C b I U e H H O C T b l O , IIOTOMY ' I T 0
r e a e p a p o a a n a c b a3 n o A y x q H o -
ro H a Y e p T m a x TOG x e rapemy-
PbI. 0 6 p a ~ m Be H N M a H I l e H a TO,
' I T 0 COKPaWeHHX, TaKEle K a K
NATO, H e n M e m w u e T o q e K , Sa-
CTO H ~ ~ H P ~ D T C
K aRI l H T e A b K ) ,
a c o K p a r u e m~ O A O ~ H ~ I ~ US.,-
O ~ ~ I ' I H ~ JI ~MI P U ~ T O M
3 a M e l y e H a e IIpOIIklCHblX ~ Y K BB T e X CAY'IaRX, K O r A a
nocheanue uamyTcsi CAUUKOM FPOMO~&KUMUn
, anpu-
M e p , C p e A H CTpO'IHbIX ~ Y K B H O MT a ~ u e
B O ~ ~ I ' I TeKCTe.
~ Y K BTaKHce
~ I YaCTO ~ a 6 ~ p a I o ~Bc3Ia rI O A O B K a X H a p I I A y
C IIpOIIUCHbIMK.
Kanlrrenb - 3 T 0 H e XIPOCTO Y M e H b W e H H b I e npOIIHC-
H b I e , XOTX MHOrMe I I p O r p a M M b I C 0 3 n a I O T HX ~ O A O ~ H ~ I M
06pa30~.Hac~oauaaK a n U T e A b ElMeeT Y H I l K a A b H b I e
nponopuwu, K a K n o ~ a 3 a ~H ao pec. 13.2. K a n I i ~ e ~ b ~ b
~ Y K B HeMHOrO
~ I UIIlpe YyTb-'IyTb HaCbILUeHHee, ' I e M
IIpOiIHCHbIe, YMeHbrUeHHbIe A 0 ax p a 3 M e p O B , I4 TaKaSl
H a C b I m e H H O C T b KIpIifiaeT EIM T O T WCe a U B e T * , ' I T 0 U
y IIpOnElCHbIX, K O r A a OHLI IIOIIBAXIOTCII PXAOM. Eonee
BHyrUHTeAbHbIe R p O I I O p u H H T a K X e I l O M O r a m T KaSIEITe-
AH r a p M O H U Y H 0 BXOAtlTb B TeKCT M 6b1~b~ A O ~ O ' ~ I M T
~ o igame
i npa o s e m M e n K a x K e r A s x .
K a n m e ~ bC, M ~ C I H T ~ ~ H ~ O B ~IlpOSpaMMHO,
HHU BbIr-
AIIAUT CAUrUKOM T O H K O ~U~ C B ~ T A O ~ECAH
~. B a M IIpuXO-
AIlTCR EiCnOAb30BaTb 3Tj' TeXHOAOrIIIO, TO I I O C T ~ P ~ ~ ~ C
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T a H H e , IIOCKOAbKy T a K a J I K X l H T e A b 6 y ~ Ay'IrUe
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BeTCTBOBaTb O K P Y X a I o ~ e M YTeKCTY (PMC. 13.3). XOTR
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E c J ~B pyKOnUCEi MHOrO C O K P ~ L U ~ H HTO ~ ~ EiMeeT
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p O C T a CTpO'IHbIX ~ Y K B . TO n O M O X e T
CKOAbKO 6 0 ~ b m e
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HanpaMep, B coKpameHaa <<imagesetterRIPS, 0 6 b 1 ' I ~ a ~
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HbIMEI, W a T e A b H O CAeAIiTe 3a n p o 6 e ~ a B ~ MeCTaX
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6epy~cxE13 p a 3 H b I X LUPU+TOB, I'IOSTOMY H e h b 3 I I PaCC'Ia-
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T b I B a T b H a ~ B T O M ~ T I I Z ~ ~KePHElHr
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K p o ~ eToro, n a x e B r u p a + ~ o e o+~a i i ~ e ,conepxa-
q e M KanuTeAb, ~ a 6 ~ u KepHuHra
ua MomeT H e BKAIO-
saTb I ~ o A H ~~ aI 6~ o~ p
nap l7pOl'IIiCHbIXEl KanllTeAH.
PMC. 13.4. ~ O C K O A ~ K KYa n M -
T e A b M n p O n M C H b l e B3RTbI M3 p a 3 -
ElbIX U I ~ M ~ T O B ~ ~I ~X G A o BTO
,
B MecTax nepexona OT OAHUX
POAb KilIEWehIl B TeKCTOBOM ~ a 6 o p -
OCHOBH~SI e 3aMeHa ~ Y K BK A p Y r M M 8 0 3 I l U K a H ) T npo-
IIpOIEiCHbIX B C O K P ~ e H U I 1 X no-0
. WOr0 C~eC'I'B)'eT 6 ~ e ~ K
b e 1p H M H r a , H a n p H M e p ,
He T ~ M
K H O T~~ ~ L U I W O H H ~ IX
chyYaeB n p m e H e m . OAIM nocne 6 y T~ M F
~ B sepx~eii
143mix - 0603~a=iemeumopmecmx yxa3a~eheii, HanpIi-
CTpOKe. B H U X I I ~C~T p O K e A A R
HeyUaYHbIX nap B b I n O A H e H PyY-
Mep, B.C. (before Christ - <<noP o m e m a Xp~crosaw), HOG K e P H M H r
B.C.E. (Beforethe Common Era -<<no ~arueiis p b ~ ~A.D.
),
(anno Domini - a~arueii9pb1)))Pi T. A. kI XOW KOrAa-TO
cyuremosano rrpmmo coKparrJem AM nepeou" nuoou.
n u cymolc (antermeridian) w smopou" noAoaun.bl cymolc
(postmeridlan) ~ a 6 q a mK ~ W K I (A.M. u P.M.), ceii-
sac O m 'IaCTO rMIE)TCI1CTpOYHbIMEl GYKBW, HaIIpHMep
am. up.m. B o6om c ~ ~ a r~oYt K BH~ 3I ~ a mnpemamw
~ a 6 u p m c uumno
x (closed up), 6e3 rrpo6ehoa.
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O
6upam~cxKanmeAbm. OH^ noneaaa B T ~ ~ A H ~ H3a-~ I X
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nponHcHble. KanmeAb~b~e
~ Y K B TaKXe
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a CAOB a6aaua, cnenymrrrxx
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T U B H ~ I X~ ~ K B H UCM. auee a aaltnoz7 uase.
~ X

qH+pb1, KOTOpbIe BbI BEIAHTe B ~ O A ~ U I H H C TTBeK

~CTOB,
annrrmTcx O ~ ~ I Y H ~ I m
MH+ p a ~ (lining
~ i numerals), OHH
BbICTpaHBaloTCR no AHHHH LIIPHC~~T~
Ii HMeK)T OAMHa-
290 Yacma II. Kalc aepcmama melccm

K O B L I ~POCT, a T a K X e ILIiipHHy n A R y n o 6 c ~ s aBbIpaBHH-

PkiC. 13.5. 06b1YHble UH+pb1
(BepxHSiX C T ~ O K ~HMeloT
) OAH-
H a K O B P BbICOTY, PaBffbIe IUH-
PHHbI H Bb1PaBHMBaK)TCII IIO AH-
HIrH LUPII+T~.Cpe.411 UH+P CTa-
p O r 0 CTHAX (HRXHIIII CT~OK~)
BaHHH B H ~ a 6 o p ~ b IIIPEI+T~I
~ a 6 n u u a x .~ O ' I TBCe re
BKAI04aHIT T a K H e UII+PM.
~ l cmapozo c m u a (old-style numerals,
C p e ~ yu$p
lowercase, hanging figures) OAHH EtMemT T e me nponop-
UHH H n o A o m e H u e , 'ITO H 06b1S~b1e UH+PLI, a y n p y r H x
npu BbICOTe, P ~ B H OpOCTj' ~ CTpO'IHbIX ~ Y K B e, C T b H H X -
H H e BbIHOCHbIe 3 A e M e H T b I (PHC. 13.5). C M ~ I CUA pHMe-
HeHHX T a K i i X UH+P TOT me, T y K a n H T e A H : OHH A y S -
OH

6
T O A ~ K Oq ~ + p b ~ n 8 nMemT me COseTEUOTCX C H ~ ~ O P H ~TeKCTOM
I M (PIIC. 13.6) ki y
OAHHaKOBbIe C 0 6 b 1 9 ~ b I ~uH+-
H e m e p e c H b I e + O P M ~ I . IJu+pb~c T a p o r o CTUAR
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PahfH IIpOIIOpLIHU M BbIpaBHPiBa- O~~I'IHO
AOCTj'IIHLI TOAbKO KZlK a A b T e p H a T H B H b I e 3HaKH.
HHe. O C T ~ A AOCTHraIOT
~H~I~ C o ~ p e ~ e H~e n~p Ho mei i e u ~ + pcraporo C T ~ B03-
R
T O A ~ K O~ ~ O B H CTPOYH~IX
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H IlMeIOT HIlXHHe BbIHOCHbIe
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Hanpii~ep,~a6nnub1 r 0 n O B b I X OT'IeTOB H e O'IeHb HaCbI-
I U e H b I SHCAaMH, K O T O p b I e 3 a T e M CYMMHPYI0TCH B CTPO-
K e <<HTOTOB.B M ~ C T3O
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3 a B H C H M b I M 3Ha'IeHii€!M, OTAeAeHHbIM npo6ena~~
C B e p X y PI CHM3Y. B TaKHX C A F i t P X OTCYTCTBHe BbIPaB-
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T~KM M
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PHC, 13.6. K ~ HK TeKCT, Ha-

6paHHb1ii IIpOIIHCHbIMH, YHCAa, C T~ UO~ A
q ~ @ p bCl T ~ ~ O 06blq~ble4 ~ @ p b l

e ~ ~ I Y H ~ IUM
Ha6paH~bIO U +HP ~ - Bermuda is an archipelago Bermuda is an archipelago
MH, BbI.4eARIOTCX B CIIAOUIHOM consisting of some 3 50 consisting of some 350
TeKCTe, 6y~y.n1CAHIUKOM BbICO- islands located 580 miles islands located 580 miles
(934 kilometers) east of (934 kilometers) east of
KHMIl Cpe.4H CBOHX CTP09HbIX North Carolina. Settled in North Carolina. Settled in
coceneii. ~ H c A ~ a, 6 p a H ~ b I e 1612, it became a British 1612, it became a British
u ~ + p a ~c Tua p o r o
c T m a , nyq- colony in 1684. Its current colony in 1684. Its current
rzIe COYeTaloTCX C TeKCTOBbIM population is about 60,000. population is about 60,000.
IIOTOKOM
 fi fl ff ffi ffl
/'l~ZamJJpa (ligature) - 3T0 pe3yAbTaT O ~ % ~ A H H ~ H H R
ABYX HAM HeCKOAbKElX CMMBOAOB, CAUTbIX B OAHH H Ha-
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HO (PIIC. 13.7). B ~ O A ~ I I I H H C T rpOTeCKHbIX
B~ UIPM~TOB
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KOTOpbIe EIX COCTZBAIIIOT, H e CNIBaJOTCII, T e M Gonee, YTO PMC. 13.7. B sepx~eiic T p o K e
HX O ~ ~ N H KO A H r a x y p m H H e OTHOCm. K p o ~ e3TED[ npencTasAeHa nocnenosaTenb-

, m I , f l a m e B , a o n o m e a m x KOM-
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u - P TO m a T y p b 1 , K o T o p b I e TYPbI C03AaK)TCR AAR CYXeHHR
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r a p H m y p y Trump Mediaeval HAH M c n o ~ b 3 0 ~ +pm-
a ~ b
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AAR s b e 2 - m i 6 0 p a 6 o ~ b 1
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m a y p b I N T p a K m B a T b m. 3 a ~ ~oO ~ I I I U H C T B On p o r p a M M B e p m B HacTomuee B p e m yMe-
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 AUraTypbl ff, ffi EI ffl M O X H O H&TU TOAbKO Infighting Plagues
B AOnOAHUTeAbHbIX K O M n A e K T a X I l I p U + ~ i l UAU IlIpU+-
TOBbIX + a h a x CO Cl'leUCUMBOAaMU, n a p b 1 3 H a K O B , A A a
Both Major Parties
KOTOPLIX peme ~ c n o ~ b s y A~x ~r a T~ycp bnI , - TO coye- InJighting Plagues
~YKB C t , St U ft. Bawa I I p o r p a M M a M O X e T 3 a ~ e -
TaHUR
HXTb UX H a A U r a T Y P b I UAU HeT. TO 3aBUCMT OT TOTO,
Both Major Parties
K a K 3 H a K U KOAUPOBaHbI BHYTPU LUPM+TOBO~O
( M H o I ' U ~ A U r a T y p b I H e U M e I o T KOAOB C T a H A a p T a PHC. 13.8. H e c ~ o ~ pH xa TO,
YTO pamrne CYIIT~AOCL1 1 e 0 6 x o -
Unicode), a T a K X e HaCKOAbKO U H T e M e K T y a h b H i l , UAU
UHMbIM H ~ ~ C T ~ ATHLr a T Y P B aK-
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3nah.u cpocvepxmu (swash characters) - TO O ~ ~ I ' I H O

IlpOnUCHbIe, K O T O p b I e UMeIOT RPKO B b I P a X e H H b I e KaA-
~ U r p a + U ' I e c ~ U eY K p a I l I e H H R ( ~ U C . 13.Y),n O 3 T O M y UX
M H O r A a H a 3 b I B a I O T 3HUh.U C 3a8umlCmU (flourished
Qturns of the 'i3ay
characters). T a ~ l aeK U C A e A y e T UCIIOAb3OBaTb ~ p a f i -
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H e OCTOPOXHO, IlOCKOAbKy UX M U e H b K U e P O C g e P K H PEC. 13.9. ~ P B C ~ ) CT POCYePKa-
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294 Yacrna II. Kax sepcrnarna rnelccrn
PXC. 13.10.0 6 b 1 ~ i ~ b 1KflCMB-
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C T ~ O ~ H ~ I ~
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nernbulu s n a x u u (finials,terminal characters), n o c K o A b -
KY OHM I I p e A H a 3 H a ' I e H b I A M p a 3 M e L U e H U B B KOHUe CAO-
B a HAEI CTPOKM (PMC. 13.10). ~ Y ~ B H A H OYTO
, 3TM 3HaKEI
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B e p x n u u u n d e l ~ c u u(superiors) Ha3bIBaK)TCX YMeHb-
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OT 50 A 0 70%p O C T a O ~ ~ I ' I3HaKOB.
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PklC. 13.14. C T ~ H A ~ ~ T H O ~
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..
The war. is over once and for all. The war-that dreadful thing-is
We hope never to see the like of it .
over. . .We hope never to see the
again. Neither in o w lifetimes nor in ..
like of it again. .
o w children's lifetimes.
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BaIOTCX B c e r o OAHMM-ABYMII, O ~ ~ I Y HTOAbKO
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n p a M e p o M p a 3 ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ o r pi-LUPH+T~
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drop cap). Eyxsuua ~ H ~ Y E I T ~6 0~ aHmOe no pazi~epy,Y e M TeKcT, K O T O P L I ~o~H a npensa-
pae-r, w p a c n o A o m e H a H a AHHUH m p u + ~ aO A H O ~113~ CTOK B H ~ T P Ha63aua. ~ ~ u n o d ~ a r n a a
tiyxsuya (standing initial capital, standing cap, pop cap) - TO T a K m e y s e m r e H H a r r 6 y ~ -
sa, HO P a c n o A o x e H H a J I H a A E ~ H I ~uMp n + ~ an e p ~ o i CVOKH
i a6saua.
EyKBI1Ila U r p a e T B a X H p POAL: O H a p a 3 p b l B a e T ~ e I I p e p b 1 B ~ b l nOTOK
fi TeKCTa Pi CMr-
~ a n u s ~ i p oy HOBOM
e~ pasnene. r a s e ~ 1b1 myp~anbr
~ Y a c T o u c n o ~ b s y r oee~ B M e c T o noma-
rOAOBKOB. O A H ~ K O 6 y ~ s ~ IIpHMeHSieTCR
eCAH ua TOAbKO C A ~ K O P ~ T E I B HUeAbH),
O~~ TO O H a
M O X e T Pa3PYIIIUTb CMbICA TeKCTa. M O C T ~ ~ F B OE
H ~ O ~ X O A HIIpHMeHeHElJ3 n pI
e nU
e A a e~
T -I
CR Pe&aKTOpOM.
A BOT PeIIIeHHe, K a K 0 f i BeAI1YliHbI 6 b 1 ~ b~ Y K B I I U ~-, 3 T 0 IIOAHOCTbH) I I p e p O r a T E l B a
nnsafi~epa.U O ~ E I TT~oCr oR, Y T O ~ o~ HI a B L I r n x A e n a n p a a m b a o , - sanasa mnorpa+a.
kI 3 T 0 H e T a K IIPOCTO.

A p x m ~ n ~ i ~ e c6~ya~r~r1 1 n
y ao ~ a 3 a H~aap ~ c .13.21. OH^ c ~ e m e a H aa HecKoaKo CT~OK
H H X e H a Y a A L ~ o f CTPOKM
i a6saua, I1 BbIpOBHeHa IIO AIlHIlIl BePXHUX BLIHOCHLIX 3AeMeH-
TOB I I e p B 0 f i CTpOKEi a6saqa. OH^ T a K X e BbIpOBHeHa IIO AeBOMy K p W IIOAOCbI ~ a 6 o p a .
C A e n y e ~OTMeTEITb, YTO IIpPiBep(e~Hb1fi I I p U M e p HeTEtIII1YeH, T a K K a K AklHHilX 6 y ~ s n u a
COCTaBAReT OTfieAbHOe CAOBO. TO A a e T HeKOTOPYIO ~ H ~ K O C B T ~
OIIpeneAeHElH npo6ena
M e X A y 6yxs11yefi I1 IIOCAeAyIomHM TeKCTOM.
06b1'1~0fin p o 6 ~ e ~ o~FBUULI fi RBAXeTCR TO, q T 0 ee + 0 p M a MOXtceT yBeAI1YIiBaTb
PaCCTOSHEie no O C T ~ B I U ~ ~YaCTEl ~ C X CAOBa. 0 Y e ~ YaCTO b T a K H e 6 ~ ~ Bb1IIaflaH)T
b l I13 nep-
BOG CTPOKH. 3 + + e ~y c~m m a e T c R IIO M e p e ysenesexiws p a o ~ e p a6 y ~ s b 1 .&a corcpa-
WeHkiX npo6ena (HAM YBeAHYeHHII 6 y ~ ~ b YitCTO 1 ) EICIIOAL3YH)T ~ 3 ~ 1 lLfU i P E I ~ Tn .O c K 0 A b -
KY ~ O A ~ I U I I H C T B Oy3mx UIPU+TOB R B M ~ T C H r p o T e c K a M u , TO K HE~MY a c T o 11o6parrramrcx,
TeM 6onee YTO OHI1 0 6 ~ a n a CpaBHHTeAbHO~ ) ~ CHALHbIM ~ ~ ~ ~ H Y ~~ 0c 3 K n e If i~~ TMB U e ~
(B KOHIJe KOHQOB, 6 y x ~ n 1 ~ -a3 T 0 I1 A ~ K O P ~ T I I B H~~AI ~~ M ~ HA6sau,
T). K O T O P L I ~HPYHHa-
~
 PMC. 13.21. E y ~ s u u a ~o~oparr
,
HAVE, SENATORS, believed from the first COCTaBNieT OTAeAbROe CAOBO, -
that the agitation of the subject of slav- PeAKOCTb. npli 3TOM H e HYXCHO
ery would, if not prevented by some ~ 0 6 a a a ~ nbp cu e~i w n e M o r o COOT-
timely and effective measure, end in dis- HOlIIeHUB ~ B ~ A u Y ~ H ~H Yo K
~ ~B C~ I
union. Entertaining this opinion, I have, OCTaTKaMU C O ~ C T X ~ H H OCAOBB.
~O
on all proper occasions, endeavored to call C A U ~ K O6 0Mh b m o f i npo6en
the attention of both the two great parties MeXCicpy6 y ~ ~ u u e Ui i T e K C T O M
which divide the country to adopt some meas- MOXCeT IlpUBeCTH K TOMY, YTO YU-
ure to prevent so great a disaster, but with- T a T e A b T e p R e T CBR3b MeXCAy
out success. HMMU

eTcR c 6yKBHqb1, ~ p e 6 y Oe T~~ H B K Hnepen co6ofi. Tex-

72.
HHKa BbIpaBHIlsaHEUr ~ Y K B H U0 6 c y m ~ a n a c b6 2.t.

H ~ K O T GO~ ~K ~ B ~0I 6I~p a 3 y m ~~ Y K B H U ~AIF L U e , ZIeM

J p y r H e . H a ~ i ~ y q r aua ~ Mm ~ T~c nr r T e , y KOTOP~IX 6 o ~ e e
TeCHbIe OTHOJJleHHR C II0CAeAYH)UJHM TeKCTOM. K HHM
OTHOCRTCR 6 y K ~ b 1 ,HMeloUJHe I I p R M O ~ O A b H b I eIIpOIlOp-
~ H H : H , N , MU,, E , F , I , Z .
Te 6 y ~ ~ b y1 ,K O T O P ~ I X3AeMeHTbI <<BbIABHFalOTCRn
B CTOPOHY A P T H X ~ Y B , T a K X e MOrj'T CTaTb Y n a q H b I -
T,I I :
MH ~ ~ K B H ~ ~ M C, G, K, Y,v,w.A BOT 6 y K ~ b 1 ,
3AeMeHTbI KOTOpbIX aYKAOHRKlTCII>>OT IIOCAeAyIOIUeFO
I ML,I B,
TeKCTa, CTaHOBRTCR ~ ~ O ~ A ~ M H ~ A, I : R, 0, D.
~ O A O ~ H ~
0 6I pMa 3 0 ~B HeKOTOpbIX ILIPEI+T~X XBO-
CTHK 6 y ~ ~ Q
bM npo6en
1OX~T c 0 3 ~ a ~ b Memny ~ ~ K B H -
~ e fHi a 6 3 a u e ~TeKCTa. OHT a m e M O X e T CBHCaTb HEime
.UiHHH IUPEI($TB, 3aCTilBMR OIIyCKaTbCR 6 y K ~ ~ IHEIXe,
l y
Y e M OCTahbHbIe ~ Y K B H U B
~ IA W O M flOKyMeHTe. Ta~xe
noMm-re, wo6 o ~ b m m III~H+TOB
o n p e A n a r a e T npo-
IIHCHj'IO ~ Y B Y J C H H X H H M BbIHOCHbIM 3AeMeHTOM,
KOTOpaR M O X e T CO3AaTb ~ Y K B U U Y ,PaCnOAOXeHHYH)
HeCKOAbKHMH CTpOKilMH H M m e A p p X ~ Y K B E I UH a ~0fi
x e c ~ p a ~ u r rTee,M C ~ M L I M ,H a p y m a x nponopuuu.
3 70 Yacma II. Kalc aepcmama meKcm

&i3G~epb1 pa3pa60~anaMHOXeCTBO T ~ X H O A O ~ ECO-

PHC. 13.22. Cnoco6b1, KOTO-
PbIe II0MOraK)T CBII3aTb ~ F B U - C ~ ~ H I ' Y ~ H ~KIpMa e M TeKCTa. ~ O M M M O3 T O r 0 HeCKOALKO
Uy M TeKCT ( H B S A H B I I CBePXY
cnesa no sacosoir c ~ p e n ~ e ) :
cAsMr nepsoir q o K a FnMxce K
6 y ~ ~ n uticno&30smne
e, Kann-
TeAU A M HeCKOAbKMX CnOB Ha
nepsoir crpoKe a6saua, c x a m e
~%
6y~-
3&(aHMfi BFi3yaAbHLIX I4 Aora=IeCKUX c B f i 3 e f M e m y
s u ~ e iMi n o c A e a p u p m T e K c r o M . C a M ~ lH
e ~ B ~ C T H La I3~
13.22.
HkiX n O K a 3 a H b I H a PMC.
I I e p e ~ e m e ~ unep~oii
e c q o m T e K c r a BAeBo ~ A I I
c03aa~ax6onee e c r e c T s e H H o r o npo6ena M e m a y 6 y ~ -
BkXIJeG I3 TeKCTOM R B M e T C R CaMbIM Ei3BeCTHLIM CIIOCO-
6 0 ~E. ~ MOXHO
o a c n o ~ b s o s a ~ecna
b, ~ ~ K B M ~I aJ 6~ p a -
H a B He3aBMCMMOM TeKCTOBOM ~ A O K ~ B BMae
MAX
rpa(jXFrec~or0
a 3 0 6 p a m e ~ l l r r ,IIOCKOAbKY aBTOMaTU9eC-
KOe CO3AX-iEle ~YKBUL:H e a a e T BO3MOXHOCIM YnPilBhfffb
CAOB n e p B 0 G CTPOKM YaCTO ~ a 6 a p a m ~anmeAbK).
A o ~ x r e c pa3smas
~a M n e m ~ e s a s a c m o i~i ~ K B W L I ,
MOXHO 3 a c r a ~ m TeKCT 0 6 ~ e ~ +OPMY a ~ b ~~KBIIWI.
E m wo c,qenmo, TO npo6en M e m y 6yrcsaseii a nep-
~ 0 iCTPOKOG
i TeKCTa AOIVKeH 6 b ~ MeHbIIIe,
b 9 e M MeX-

~ ~ ' K B I I L 06~eKaHMe
I~I, ~ ~ K B E I L I ~ fly
I 6y~saueGa IIOCAeaJGOIL(HMEI CIpOKaMPi. Eclul IlpO-
TeKmOM CTpaHCTBeHHLIe OTHOIIIeHElX BCeX CTPOK M ~ Y K B ~ I U ~

n the banks of these nvers were UTTHE OUINCUNX of heaven runs

0 drvcrs sorts of fruits good to

cat, flowers and trees of such
varrctscs as were suffic~entto
make ten volumes of herbals, we re-
lrevcd ourselves many times wlth the
frulu of the country, a d sornct~mcsw ~ t h
fowl and fish
fter these two noble fruits of
frtendship. (peace in the a5
low and tls tlme t o close the
f~veports of knowledge We
are un\rllllng to spln out our
awaking thoughts Into the phan-
tasms of Sleep which often contlnu-
eth precogltatlons making cables of
cobwebs and wilderness of hand-
some groves
o he went on, and Apollyon met

1% fections, and support of the

judgment.) followeth the
last fruit, which is like the
pomegranate, full of many kernels I
mean aid and beaflng a part in all ac
tions and occasions Here the best way
to represent to life the manifold use of
hun. Now the monster was h d -
eous to behold: he was clothed
w ~ t hscales like a fih (and they
are Ius pnde); he had mngs hke
a dragon, feet We a bear, and out of
h s belly came fue and smoke; and
h s mouth was as the mouth of a hon.
~ ~ C O A I O T H OaNHaKOBbI,
O TO CMbICAOBaSI CBX3b n e p B 0 2
CTPOKH c 6 y ~ s ~ ~6 eyi i~ y'repma
e ~ H 6y~~aq a
nepe-
CTaHeT Ka3aTbCX YaCTbKl TeKCTa.

B AANHHLIX T e K c T a x npunodn~ma~ 6j~auya(standing

caps) NCIIOAb3yeTCR He'IaCTO, ROTOMy 'IT0 OHa C 0 3 A a e T
~ : 6o~brue6 y ~ -
OT~OMHL* npo6en M e x A y a 6 3 a y a ~VeM
Bpiqa, T e M 6o~brue npo6en (ecnu T O A ~ K On p e A m e C T B y -
H)W& ~FBEIUY,
a 6 3 8 4 He O ~ T ~ K X T a AOCTNSb XOPO-
ruero 0 6 ~ e ~ a B~c ae r aA a AOBOALHO T P ~ H O ) . T a~ae
6 y ~ ~ p i u 0b 61b 1 9 ~ 0n p ~ i 6 e p e r a m
&AX H a S a n a m a b I mu
~ y p ~ a n b H LC
uTt ~T~G
n p. N n O a m b 1 e ~ Y K B I I U ~NMeIOT
I
Te x e n p o 6 n e ~ b BbIpaBHIIBaHIUI,
x T O N O ~ L I V H L I XOTX
~,
OHPI NHOrAa ~a61ipamcaC a 6 3 a ~ a ~ 1 h .Or T C T F O M , VTO
cnerrca YMeHbIUaeT npo6ne~y.
nycrb~eCHE13Y ~ Y K B ~npeACTaBAXIOTI oco6b1e TPY.4-
HOCTII, e w m n p m e m B K a q e m e n p m o n m u c
6 y ~ ~ aTame u . 6 y ~ ~ b K1 ,~ P, K F, Y c 0 3 a m H e M m y e -
npo6en M e w co6oii N MehKIlM TeKCTOM, K O T O ~ L ~ ~
w e A y e T 3a HEIMN. Y ~ e ~ b m e m rrpo6ena i e T a m e BLITM-
y
1 ow when they were come to the
beautiful stream of the river, where truly were the
H e n e n o , K ~ 6ymo
K e ~ no^ nepe-
c r p o K a s ~ m o n 3 a 113- udailme - water welled urr free
cisterns.. and brieht
from beneath, and flowed past, enough to wash
e a m T e n u B K a q e c T s e nepexona
Ba. k l c n o n b 3 0 ~ a ~ p iK the foulest garments clean, there the girls unhar-
nessed the mules from under the chariot, and
K O~LIVHOMYT e K q MOXCeT nOMOYb B 3 ~ 0 CKIYLUIUIIIEI. 2 aiming them loose they drove them along the
banks of the eddying river to graze on the honey-
B OTAH9Ile OT O ~ ~ I ~ H L InpEinOflHIITbIe
X, 6yK~114b1 sweet clover.

YaCTO ~a61iparo~ T e M Xe LIIPII+TOM, W O I1 XIOCAeAyIo-

~ N f TeKCT
i (PMC. 12.23). Eonee TOrO, AAX IIpHIIOAHX- PBC. 13.23.XOTII npxnoAHmax
TbIX ~ ~ K B I I LMOXHO
I. NCnOAb30BaTb 6yKBb1 II3 O 9 e H b 6 y ~ s a u aHbIrARAkIT BLI3LIBaH)-
IIKUPOKNX rapHETTYP. me, ~ m o r p a + ~ s oaa
e c ~oqeHb
~
npoma. Barrreii r ~ a ~ ~saaaqeii
oir
x emay 6y~-
Us-sa 6 o n b m o i i p a 3 m q b 1 B p a 3 ~ e p a M
06ecneseHkIe KepHHH-
RBAReTCX
B H y a M N N I K O C A e a ~ W k i MTeKCTOM, B a M CAeAyeT n 0 A -
ra Memay 6 y ~ s u u e iM 6ohee
B e p r a T b T W a T e A b H O M y PYVHOMY K e P H N H r Y npo6en MeAKMM TeKCTOM, CAeAYH3LIIMM
M e X A y HNMN. 3a ~eii
Tanorpa+wecKoe o+opmeme n0Morae-r sarare-
AH, n o m b C T P ~ K T Y ~ Y norcpema. Hanpa~ep,c M e H a
rup~+raa K e r n r r 0 6 ~ a p y m s aae e~p a p m ~ a c r e iTeK-
i
ma. Ttmorpa4a~aT a K m e a r p a e T B a m H y m r p a + i ? s e c -
~ y m
P O A ~ ,onpenenm B 3 ~ a s m e ~ b ~ menem
o G BUSY-
W b H p IIpZiBAeKaTeAbHOCTb CTpaHklqbI, OHa M O X e T
CAeAaTb W e H M e I I p ~ l f f n r o f iI I ~ o ~ ~ A KaOM~O~X, e T ki 6e-
TOM C IIpeIIRTCTBHRMII. K p o ~ eTOrO, ee IIOMOLUbK) CO-
3AaH)TCII A O p O X H b I e BHBKEI, no KOTOpbIM MLI OPMCHTH-
p y e M c a , ny+remecrByrr no c-rpaHHsaM.
eCAH OCHOBHbIe PeIUeHPM 0 TOM, KaK A O A X e H
BbIrASfAeTb TeKCT, IIpHHHMaeT ~ ~ 3 & e pTO , BCe O C T U L -
Hoe o ~ p a m a e ~ m o r p a + a s e c m~i ep a a a m aB H e m e
O ~ C T O R T ~ A ~ C T3B ~~
. r naa B a n o c s x w e H a OCHOBH~IM me-
M e H T a M TeKCTa H a C r p a H u r l e 33 I I P a B t i n a M T I ~ o ~ ~ ~ @ E I -
KH, KOTOpbIe C HHMIl CBRSaHbI, a T a K X e c n o c o 6 a ~HX
p e a n a 3 a u ~cpe,qcT.saMu
~ ~a6opa.

PHC. 14.1. T ~ n s s ~ aopram-
rr
3 a 4 m 3arOAOBKOB C YPOBHIIMH
A, B N C. 3 ~ a s e s~a r~oen o ~ ~ a
yposm A s a s ~ c mOT menem
CMbIClOBOrO p a 3 p b I B a IIOCAeAy-
mluero T e K m a . Y p o B e H b A 060-
e ~ ~p aa3 ip b 1 ~B noc-
3 ~ a s a se ~
Ae.4OBaTeAbHOM U3AOXeHIM, HO
3TO M O X e T 6 b m If H e IIOAHOC-
T b m c ~ M o C T O I I T ~ A ~pa3AeA.
H~I~~
Yp0BeHb B NMeeT OVeBHAHOe
n o m e m e , HO mn o - n p e x H e r q
CMTHU CMeHbI TeMbl HAM aK-
sema. I I o n 3 a r o n o ~ oYPOBHII
~ dots per inch, and most Windows PC have a resolution of 96 dots
C, Ha6paHHblfi B non6op, A H m b
T - T b BbILLIe YPOBHeM, 4 e M
3aTOAOBOK CnACKa, n 0 3 T O M Y
n o a e H e r o MOXHO o m m a T b H e
6onee OAHOrO-AByX a 6 3 a s e
TeKCTa
-
Type Faces Its Big Screen Test
Practicing typography on the Web today is like practicing cabinet-
making with a stone axe. The tools for producing legible type in
Web documents are frankly neolithic. But the Web stands poised
on the brink of the typographical Iron Age, and a new generation
of more type-sawy Web design tools are close at hand.
N o Shortage of Shortcomings
Typographically speaking, there are three main problems with
the Web: limited screen resolution, limited typographic control
over the appearance of the documents you create, and limited
control over how your documents appear on readers' computers.
Resobtion Most Macintosh screens have a resolution of 72
per inch. Right from the start, this makes print-like typography
impossible. And it will remain so until some technological
breakthrough (or business decision) substantially increases the
resolution of computer screens.
~
H e p a p x n s e c K o r o cTaTyca oTnenbHbIx pasneno~T e K c T a
I I a A a e T H a 3WOAOBKH H IIOA3arOAOBKH. O A H OB3rAR-
~O
A a H a 3arOAOBOK AOAXHO 6b1~b
A O C T a T 0 9 H 0 , Y T O ~ IIO-
~ I
m,n o , q Y H H x e T c x AH n o c ~ e n p ~ l T~e K~ c. TGTOMY, YTO
6bm npemne, p a s e H AM OH e M y no B~XHOCTEI E ~ A HH ~ Y H -
H a e T c s H O B pasnen
~ ~ ( p ~ c .14.1).
Tah.~,me BCe p a 3 A e A b I T e K C T a EZMeIOT O n H H a K O B O e
3 H a . I e H H e ( H X I p l i ~ e p ,B IIOBecTBOBaTeAbHOM n p O H 3 B e -
A~HIIEI), ~1o6b1epaane~eanrr,K O T O p b I e ~ O T P ~ ~ ~ I O T C R ,
MOrYT 6 b 1 ~ bC 0 3 A a H b I C IIOMOWbIO H e g ~ p a ~ b H b I x
C p e n C T B , He3aBMCHMbIX OT CTa?yCa, H a n p H M e p , ~ Y K B E I U
OHMOTAeARHYI. p a 3 n e h b I 6e3 y ~ a 3 a ~ m - 1
ElnH OT~IIBOK.
HepapxnsecKorop a s n ~ s ~M xe m n y HHMH. H a n p ~ ~ e p ,
B xcyp~ahb~oii
m a n e 6e3 ~ e p a p x ~ s e c ~no pi i y ~ v b ~
PeAZlKTOp MOXCeT BKAIOZIHTb E I H ~ O P M ~ U I ~ O H
nOHA~pIa~3 -
A e A b I IIpOCTO B K a Y e C T B e <<TOYeKB X O A a B TeKCT, AAR
TOrO, - 0 6 ~ 1 I I p E l B A e K a T b YMTaTeAR K T e K C q C nOMO-
WbIo p e n a K T O p C K H X I I p H M a H O K , name eCAH OHH H E l r e r O
He K IIOHHMaHUm CTPYKTYPLI Bcero npo-
np~16aenrrm~
II3BeAeHMII. Tame nOApa3AeALI M O T MrpaTb B W H Y I O
P O A L B BepCTKe CTPaHHU, HanpHMep, B ra3eTaX
(CA. 2A. 70). nO~pa3~eAb
TaKXe
I IIOMOraIoT BHeCTU
pa3~006pa3xeB cepym, 6e3 ~ m n m c ~ p a s u CTP~HIIUY.
ii,
B KHIIXHOM MHpe CAOBO murnyA (title) O ~ L I S H O 03-
~ a ~ TUTYA a e K~H x r x , a He sazo~oaonzAaoat (chapter
heading). B npenenax rAaBLI MOXeT ~ L I T LMHOXeCTBO
pa3AeAOB, KOTOpbIe IIMeIOT CBOH C O ~ C T B ~ H K 3aZOA08-
~I~
n u p a s J e ~ o o(section headings). H ~ m Be xepapxmi cne-
AyeT MHomec-rBo noJsazo~oonoa(subheadings, subheads,
side heads). B ~ H LH Ie CTOALKO IIX H ~ ~ B ~ H HCKOALKO X ,

K O ~ ~ ~CylJleCTBOBaAO
-TO IIpaBUAO: LUPU+T 3arOAOBKil
rAaBLI A O S U e H 6 ~ KPj'IZHee,
m SeM Y OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa,
HO He HaCTOAbKO, Y T O ~ ~ero I 3 a m e s a ~ b XOTX
. TaXaSI
MoAa npomna, HO onpeAeneaErLre npasma ocTanncL. Despite Tough Talk,
~ ~ ~ O A O BrAaBbI
O K SaCTO ~ a 6 ~ p a e T~OcAbxKO np0- Diplomats Doubt
nucHLIMx UAH Kanmenbm. I I o c n e ~ ~ ~c ini ~i a ixaparc-
i Military's Resolve
TepeH AM m y p ~ a ~ t ~BepcTKn
oii (Go~eenoJpoGuyw U H -
@ o p ~ a y u wo nunurnem CA. 8 z ~ . 73).Korna 3 a r o n o ~ o ~ When the going gets
rnaBLI ~ a 6 p IIPO~HCHLIMM
a~ U CTpO9HbIMII ~ ~ K B ~ M I I , tough, take five...
I 6 b 1 9 ~ 0HCIIOAb3YH3T 3UZOAO-
AAS er0 O + O ~ M A ~ H E I I 0
eovnuii c m u b (up style, headline style), B KOTOPOM PHC. 14.2. B ny6-
arirn~liic~ax
Bce a ~ a . ~ a r ucnosa
~ e nnruyTcs c nponac~of~ ~ K B L I . ANKaUIIRX 3 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ' 4 1 1bl~
CTNAL
B H ~ ~ H ~ A U ~ ~ C~ aK 6OoMp e9aUe B C e r O EiCIIOAL3yeTCX CVHTaeTCR 6onee ~ O P M ~ A L H L I M
o G u v ~ u u c" m u a (down style, sentence style), T. e. c npo- N BLIA~AHTeAbIILIM ( B ~ ~ x H N ~

n ~ l c ~ o~iYi K B L InumeTcsz T O A ~ K OnepBoe CAOBO, K ~ K n p a ~ e p ) a, O ~ L I ~ I I LCTNAL

I ~ ~
(IIHXHMG n p ~ ~ e - p )M e H e e
B OG~I.IHOM npeAAOXeHIIH. ~ ~ ~ O A O BBK0H6 ~ 1 4 C~ TII0
- ~
+OPM~ALHLIM M Y C A O B H L ~ I .Tei:
Ae MOXHO BCTPeTEiTb B XCypHaAbH~iiBepCTKe, eCAM
H e MeHee, BHe ~ H ~ . \ o I I ~ ~ : Y ~ - : : T :
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e :: -
HOrO O ~ W ~ H I I (PKC.
R 14.2). poii sapaam
3 76 Yacrnb II. Kax aepcrnamb rnexcrn

THE20 BESTWAYS B 3arOAOBKaX, ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ TOAbKO

b1x IIpOIIMCHbIMM,
BMeCTO UM+P C T a p O r O C T H M IIpeAIIOYTMTeAbHbI 0 6 b r s -
TO BEAT THE
H b I e U E I ~ P M ,IIOTOMY ' I T 0 OHH A y Y I I I e COYeTaIOTCR
TAXMAN IN zoo3 C OKpyXaIOIIlMMH ~ Y K B ~ M(PIIC.
H 14.3).
B TEiTyAaX H KPYIIHbIX 3 a r O A O B K a X A W ~ O ~BHAa
O

THE20 BESTWAYS ( ~ ~ r n qr aa x3 e ~ ~ b L1 Ue ~ ~ K I Ic )n e A y e T ~ 3 6 e r a B~ cbm e c -

KHX IIepeHOCOB. fi HaCTOXTeAbHO PeKOMeHAyeTCSl IIepe-
TO BEAT THE B e p C T K a CTPOK, eCAH 3 T 0 B 0 3 M O X H 0 , A M T o r 0 9~06b1
TAXMANIN 2003 IIOAHOCTbW HCKAIO'IEiTb AaXCe X e C T K M e a e C t ) P i ~ b B
~ KOH-
ue CTPOKM.
PHC. 14.3. B a a r o n o ~ ~ a Ha-
x,
~ P B H H ~ ITOAbKO
X IIPOIIliCHbIMH
IlhH IIPOIIHCHbIMM C KaIIIITeAbH),
JJli+pb~ CTapOrO CTIlhR TePXIOT-
CX. B e p x ~ uIIpMMep
i nOKa3bIBa- C TOYKH 3PeHMR ~ M I I 0 r p a ~ l ly~IIOA3arOAOBKOB
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b$ Pi YKa-
A a H a 3 b I B a H ) T ~ V l p 0 ~ F l b l 4 4 ~ 3 b I B a T b H a OTHOCEiTeAbHYIO B a X H O C T b TeKCTOBbIX +par-
(lowercase numerals). B HHX-
MeHTOB, KOTOpbIe OHM IIpeABapRIOT.0 6 b 1 g ~ B0 A D ~ ~ I X
HeM IIpliMepe O ~ L I ~ JJHClJpb1 H ~ I ~
( l i n i n g f i g u r e s ) He K ~ U K ~ T C xX ~ y - pa6o~axAOCTaTO'IHO T p e X Y ~ O B HIIOA3afOAOBKOB.
~ ~
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Pi 3arOAOBOK BbIrARAHT ITapMO- B IIaMXTU TaKYKJ CTPYKTYPY.
HMYHO kI XOTX cnoco6b1 BbIAeAeHMII ~ ~ o B HB ~I l eGp a p x H H
P a 3 t I e A O B MeHRWTCR OT A O K y M e H T a K AOKyMeHTy, MX
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B AOKyMeHTe C HeCKOAbKMMM 3Ha'IHTeAbHLIMH M
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~<CHMIITOMLI)) H
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r~ (HAM K ~ I I M T ~ A ~ XM) BbI-
)
POBHIPTb IIO U e H T p y Ii, B O 3 M O X H 0 , MCIIOAb3OBaTb K P P -
HLIG K e r A b , 6b1~b,
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B noKyMeHTe co M H o m e c T B o M pasne~ony p o s H a A pas-
AMYHe M e X A y ~ P ~ ~ M ~ HTeKCTa,
T ~ M KHO T O p b I e OHM OT-
LWhtiHIT, CTaHOBIlTCR M e H e e O'ICBHAHbIM, IIOBTOMJf CaMEI
nOA3arOAOBKEI M O T O'IeHb HaIIOMHHaTb O + O ~ M A ~ H M ~
TeKCTa K a K K e r A e M , T a K EI APYI'EIMEI T M I I O ~ P ~ C ~ ) E I Y ~ C K E I M
xapaKTepacmKaMn. Kopose, OHEI 6onee noxoxu Ha
n O n 3 a O A O B K H P O B H X B, KOTOPble M O T EICnOAb30BaTb-
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r o ~ o p r ~r m o r p a + H r e c ~pasnwr~e
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TBMU, K a K IIpaBEIAO, rpOTeCKaMU, IIOCKOAbKY OHU H3-
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B 3arOAOBKaX EICIIOAb3YeTCII H ~ ~ O P H ~ I ~
IIIPH+T, TO
O ~ ~ I V H0O6 p a ~ a m ~Kc HaCbILIleHHbIM
~1 HaSepTaHEIRM.

We the people of the United States, in order to form a

more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote
the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty
to ourselves and o u r posterity, d o ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United States of America.
ARTICLE I PWC. 14.4. OGpaseu cepbeaso-
r0 AOKyMeHTa CAepXLWHOrO CTR-
Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vest- AR ( T ~ K C T KOHCTUTYUEIU). ~ O A -
ed in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a
p a s n e ~ypouHa A npencTaBnaeT
Senate and House of Representatives.
OCHOBHOe neAeNRe TeKCTa. ~ o c ( -
Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed p a a ~ e n i yr p o u ~ xB oyeHi CKPOM-
of members chosen every second year by the people of the HLI R ~ a 6 p a ~BbnonGop 1 (nun in).
several states, and the electors in each state shall have the
Becb TeKCT, RCKAMYafI n p e a ~ 6 y -
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous
branch of the state Legislature. Ay, ~ a 6 p a aOnHHM U TeM X C
IUPR@TOMU KerAeM
PRC. 14.5. ~ ~ T O A O B K BU IIOA-
60p - 3 T 0 C a M b I e C K P O M H b I e 3 a - else thinks the pages are finished, they should be printed and
sent to the proofreader. Only when the proofreader has given his
TOAOBKU, K O T O P b I e M O X H O CO-
or her 0.k. can those pages be considered truly finished.
3 ~ a ~ OHM
h . npeKpacHo noaxo-
ASIT AASI O T A e A b H b I X a 6 3 a u e ~U Reading the Text
O Y e H b HaIIOMUHaKIT CIIUCOK. As you read the text, create a style guide to assure that stylistic
Ha P U C y H K e 3aTOAOBKU B n o a - aspects of the text are consistent. For instance, if the text starts
out calling a person Dr. Rarnos, he shouldn't become Mr. Ramos
60p mnorpa+uqec~uw e m r - a few paragraphs later. Likewise, if unusual words are put in
H M n p e A m e c T B y m m e M y 3a1-O- italics in one part of the text, they shouldn't appear in quotation
AOBKY, K O T O P ~ Ip~a c~n o A o H c e H marks later on.
H a C ~ M O C T O X T ~ A ~ CUl O
p O~ K e . As you read the text from beginning to end, looking for text
~ O C 3Aa T~O A O B K O B B non6op errors, also check the following:
%efaces Are they used consistently and properly? Keep a log
CAeAYIOT npo6e~b1B OAHy Ke-
of how italics, bold and bold italics are used and make sure
reAbHyI0 they're used when required and as required.
Proper Spacing Look out for bad kerning and awkward spac-
ing. For instance, the last letter of an italic passage of text may
collide with closing parentheses or quotation marks set in ro-
man. Even roman ascending characters can collide with paren-
theses if they're spaced too closely.
Logical Sense Read everything, including drop caps, for logi-
cal sense. It's easy to end up with a drop cap followed by a re-
dundant first letter of the word it belongs to. Likewise, make
sure that subheads and running heads make sense in the con-
text of the surrounding text.

A BbIPa3HTeAbHOCTb 3WOAOBKOB 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 f i HaCbWeHHO-

CTU 3aBHCUT OT KWAR: OHM A O A X H b I 6 b 1 ~ b
KPYnHee n o -
AYXIIPHbIX.
H H O ~ &
IIpOCTOrO
~ Ei3MeHeHEW HaCbIIIIeHHOCTH MAU
K W A X HeAOCTaTOYHO, q ~ 0 6 b 1OTAUYHTb OAWI YPOBeHb
OT flPYrOrO. Ecnn XI0 P a 3 H b I M IIpHYHHaM p a 3 A H 9 H R
B K e r A R X HeAOCTaTOYHO, TO H W O n p w 6 e r a ~ bK & p y r U M
c n o c o 6 a ~ Hanpu~ep,
. 3arOAOBKU YpOBHR C Hepe&KO
~ a 6 n p m c 1 1noJdbp2
8 (run in), T. e . H e HMeIOT C O ~ C T B ~ H -
~ o i CTPOKM.
i EZ ~ a ~ osiai r o ~ o ~o ~oa~m e ~ c Tr nl n o r p a -
c p H 9 e c w l n 0 A W e H H b I M BHeILIHe EiAeHTHYHOMy 3arOAOB-
KY ~ P O B H RB, ~ ~ M M ~ K I L L I ~ M
CBOIO CO~ ~ C T B ~ H H ~CTPOKY
IO
(~Hc. 14.5). ~ ~ ~ O A O B BK nHo ~ 6 o pO ~ ~ I V HElMeIOT
O TOT
Xe KerAb, T O H OCHOBHOGTeKCT, HO A M KOHTpaCTa
 Y ~uO B H HA
3arono~~ ~ 0 4 ~ B1c1
erAa p a s ~ e u ~ a r Ho a~ c ~
O ~ ~ e A b H oCTpOKe.
fi ~ I 3a~a4efi
x HBMeTCH BU3yaAbHaR
nyHKTyauELtl, aT a m e y ~ a 3 a m eH a conepmaHEie noc-
AeAyIoIUerO + ~ X M ~ H T ~ TOrO,
A M . M
9 ~ 0 6 b 1AOCTIl9b
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K e TeKCTa. flAH 9 I i T a T e M 3TO - 3HaK <Stop>>. kI 3AeCb
~ p e 6 y e ~ c 3r r~ a y m e h b ~ ~ ~ X O A O B K u,
O Tm~ I I B KAO ~ B03-
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~, O T ~ I I B KHe-
~
o 6 x o ~ ~BCerAa,
i ~ a IIOCKOAbKy U I P I I ~ TCMeHH-
e ~ c 6onee
s K P Y ~ I M , a ym T e M 6 o ~ e eecnu
, ~pe6ye~c~
BbIAeAHTb 3arOAOBOK TaKOrO ~'PoBHx.)
3 a r o n o ~~O~B ~H I IB n p I l m a m a m T 9 E i T a T e n R cae-
A a T b n a y 3 y , HO H e 0 6 ~ 3 a T e A b H 0A M TOrO, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1OT-

box should line up with the mcender line of the neighboring line of
type, the imaginary line to which ascending letters of the line reach).

Spacing between Elements

As a proofreader, you should be given a set of master page grids that
show the correct posidoning of major page elements-how they are PklC. 1 4 . 6 ( ~ M ~ H ~ I I I ~ HMHa~c -I G
positioned on the page grid, and how they should be positioned rela-
tive to each other. These positions are generally expressed as baseline m a 6 ) . K o r ~ as a r o n o ~ ~Kup y n -
H e e , 9 e M O C H O B H O ~T e K c r , TO T p e -
~YIOTCH O T ~ U B K U , KaK A 0 3 W O -
AOBKB, TaK N nOCAe Hero.
box should line up with the asccndcr Line of the neighboring line of
type, the imaginary line to which ascending letters of the line reach). Ha p U C y H K e TeKCT~ a 6 p an O~
c x e M e 10112, a s a r o n o ~ o- ~
Spacing between Elements 12/24. B B e p x H e M n p u M e p e s a -
As a proofreader, you should be given a set of master page grids that rOAOBOK A B B U T H a I I O C A e n y I o -
show the correct positioning of major page elements-how they are ~ U f TeKCT,
i a B H U X H e M IlpUMe-
positioned on the page grid, and how they should be positioned rela-
tive to each other. These positions are generally expressed as baseline
pe A a s n e m i e y M e H b r n e H o 3 a c s e T
OT~IIBKU, P ~ B H O3 ~IlyHKTaM
BePHYTbCff H 3aHIITbCff IIPHrOTOBAeHUeM 6 y ~ e p 6 p o ~~a . P OTCYTCTBHU
H B TeKCTe 3arOAOB-
KOB S O B H X C 3arOAOBKU YPOBHII B H e HYXHO CAHIUKOM IIOnYepKHBaTb. ECAM
OHM pas-
MeUJaIOTCff H a O T , ~ € ! A ~ H OCTpOKe
~~ (YTO T P ~ ~ ~ H ~ U O H HTO
O )I I, e p e A HHMH T a K X e ~ p e 6 y e ~ ~ f
O T ~ N B K B ,IIpu K e r n e s a r o n o ~ ~K ap y n H e e , seM y T e K c T a , ~ o ~ o p b r 3i ai HHMH c n e A y e T ,
O T ~ H B Kn O
~ A X H a 6 b 1 ~ bU nOCAe H e r o , eCAH TOAbKO 3 T 0 p a 3 A H Y H e H e PaBHXuIeTCff 1-2 rIJH' -
KTaM (PUC. 14.6).
~ ~ ~ O A O BB Knon6op
H (run-in) M O T BOCnPUHWMaTbCff YaCTbIO TeKCTa, a H e pa3AeAU-
TeAbHbIM SAeMeHTOM, IIOBTOMY UX C A e n y e T BbIAeAUTb K ~ K U M - h U 6 0 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ . n0 3 ~ 0 f i
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aw~ KyPCMBHbIM I I I P U ~ T O M . ECAU
, UX CAeAyeT OTAeAUTb OT TeKCTa n p o 6 e n o ~
OHU H e 3aKaHYHBaX)TCff T O S K O ~ ~TO KaK MUHEI-
MYM B OaHY K e r e A b H y I O (em space). ECAH3arOAOBOK ~ a 6 p Kj'PCHBOM
a~ 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 f i HaCbI-
LUeHHOCTU, TO A y I U e STOT n p o 6 e ~ peAHYUTb.

~ ~ ~ O A O ByPOBHII
O K A YQCTO BbIPaBHUBaeTCff no AeBOMy KpaIO, U a63a4, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b 1 f38i HUM
I ~ Y U T ~ CBOeMy 3arOAOBKy, H ~ ~ U P ~ ~6 T
CAeAyeT, Y T O ~ ~ I O ~ ~ C ~COOTBeTCTBUe e 3Ca63a1.1~0-
X
r0 O T C T p a . TO ewe OnUH cnoco6 n O K a 3 a T b , T O U M e e T MeCTO 6 0 ~ b m 0 f ip a 3 p b I B IIOTOKa
TeKCTa. ~ ~ ~ O A O By Kp 0U~ H e f i B H C M O T CAeAOBaTb, a M O r p U H e CAeAOBaTb BTOMY
npUMepy. ~ O A Y H H ~ H H
3arOAOBKU
~ I ~ YaCTO ~ a 6 u p a m ~ Cc aOTCTynaMU, Y T O ~ L IH e npOTH-
BOPeYUTb OTCTynaM B IXOCAeAyIoweM TeKCTe.
~ H H ~ I0 6~b 1 4 ~ 0XOPOKXO COYeTZUOTCff C a 6 3 a q a ~ n Y
~ ~ H T ~ H ~ o B3arOAOBKU , KOTOPbIX
O T C p C T B y I o T a 6 3 a u ~ b l eOTCTjTbI, nOCKOAbKY OTCTjTbI, eCAH TOAbKO OHH H e OYeHb M U b I ,
3PUTeAbHO CnBElraIOT U~HTPEIPOBCU-XH~I~~
3arOAOBOK.
non6op
~ ~ ~ O A O BB K U M O T C03AaBaTbCX KaK C a 6 3 a u ~ b OTCTynOM,
1 ~ T a K U 6633 H e r o ,
HO BCer,L(a XOPOIUO, eCAU CBepXY eCTb O T ~ U B K Koraa
~. B TeKCTe MHOXeCTBO TaKUX 3 a r 0 -
AOBKOB U BCe a 6 3 a u b 1 , B K A W Y U T e , KOTOpbIe HMeIOT 3arOAOBKU, H a 6 p a H b 1 C OTCTjTaMH,
TO C T P W I J P BbIrAff,4EIT 6 o ~ e eO P ~ ~ H E I ~ O B ~ H H O ~ ~ .

3azuoexu e 060pxy (cut-in)pacnonarmcx B o T c T y n a x T e K c T a BHWU a6aaua ( p ~ c .14.7).

OHH0 9 e H b YaCTO HCIIOAb3yIOTCff B TeXHUYeCKHX TeKCTaX H C A y X a T C B O ~ O ~ P ~ ~ H ~ I M
3arOAOBKaMH yPOBHR D, KOTOpbIe OTpa3ICaH)T CMbICA C O A e p X a H H f f OIIpe&(eAeHHOrO a 6 3 a -
JJa. OHM
T a K X e YaCTO IIPUCYTCTBYIOT B r a 3 e ~ ~ 0 BepCTKe,
fi H a I I p U M e p , HeKOTOpbIe CTaTbH
I I O A P a l O T 3 a ~ e p ~ ~ l l H H bBI TeKCT
fi 3mOAOBOK &~anaa OVERTHE YEARS,
the autumn InnoGraphics
H O B O C T ~ ~ (UAU
~B ~ T O - H E I ~ Y ~AO~ A O ~ H O eCAU
~ ) , 3TU 3a- conference has been the place where revolu-
tionary products and technologies have been
MeTKU CAMluKOM c y 6 a e m ~ b HAU
1 CIIeKyMITEBHbI, f i N I unveiled (or at least announced), but this
year there were no revolutions
T o r 0 Y T O ~ CqHTaTbCI1
~ I ~ ~ ' ~ ~ K T E Z Bp eHn ~ O pI T
Ma X e M . eO"oroncs in sight. This is goad news for
~ ~ ~ O A O BBOOK ~ O P K YBepCTaeTCX KaK H ~ ~ ~ B U C U M Summaly:
~ ~ those of us who wouldn't mind
D~~ x i if the technology slowed down
T ~ K C T O B ~3 IA~e M
~ e H T B 0 ~ n e A b H 0 f iT ~ K C T O B O P~a~M K e , a little so we'd have a chance to
catch up. But this calm for consumers bans-
KOTOpYTO 0 6 ~ e ~OaC H e O~B H O ~TeKCT
~ (6onee nonpo6ayro lates into severe nervousness for manufac-
turers and vendors, who keep looking for
M H ~ O P M ~ U E I H06) O~T~?KBHEIE T Ie K C T a C&. 6 ZA. 72). another miraculous money maker to save
AJTlue T a K U e 3arOAOBKIl I I O M e u a T b B TeKCT, K O r n a their bacon.

BePCTKa IIOqTli rOTOBa, UAH UCnOAb3OBaTb lTpOrpaMMY,

KOTOpaSi n03BOAXeT XIpUBI13bIBaTb paMKE1 3XOAOBKOB PnC. 14.7. S ~ ~ O A OBBo6op-
OK
KY PaCnOhOXeH B AeBOM OTCTY-
K OCHOBHOMY TeKCTY TBK, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1npn ~1060fi
nepeBep-
ne B H ) ~ Ia6aaua.
PB J,M Toro YTO-
CTKe OHH nePeMeLI&IAIlCb BMeCTe C TeKCTOM, n 0 c A e - 6b1er0 BbIAeAKTb, MCnOAb3yeTCR
nma + y ~ ~ s ax aap a K T e p H a K ~ K
n A a TeKcTosbIx penarc- K O H T P ~ C T H ~II ~~ I~ P M ~ T
(np0nMc-
TOPOB, T a K U a A R CneUU&AU3HPOBaHHbIX I I P O r P a M M Hbre MAU nponwcable M Kann-
n o ~ o c ~ oBepCTKE1,
fi KoTOPbIe BblllOAHIIKYI' ;tBTOMaTMSeC- ~ e n b )sacTo
, TOG me rapan.rypb1,
YTO M OCHOBHOG TeKCT
KYIO BePCTKY CTPaHElU B COOTBeTCTBElU CO CAOXHbIM
~ a 6 o p IlpaBUA.
o~

@ ~ ~ I ' M ~ ~HUTT U p y e M O r OTeKCTa ( M H O ~ O C T P O Y H ~ I X

BbI-
n e p x e ~ )H, a 6 p a H H o r 0 O C O ~ ~ I0M6 p a 3 0 ~CpeAU OCHOB-
H O r O TCKCTa, H a 3 b I B a e T C f f B ~ L ~ ~ A ~~umamoi?"
HHO~?
(extract) (pac. 14.8). C p e c ~ ~ ,qsa y e OCHOBH~IX
~ cno-
co6a4 ~ a 6 o p aTaKIlX UUTaT. OAHHE13 HIlX - ~ a 6 o p
K e r A e M H a 1 IIYHKT MeHbILle OKPYXalOUIeI'O TeKCTa Pi
H a I I O A H ~ ($IOPM~T
I~ CTPOKU. 8pyr0fi - ~ a 6 0 K perAeM
OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa, KO C OTCTYIIOM no o 6 e CTOPOHBM. ~ ~
n p U ~ a 6 o pC e O T C T p a M U BOBMOXHO T a K X e UCllOAb30-
BllHHe m p u + ~ aM e H b I U e r O KerAX.
ECAUm r o H e aenan, TO ~ e 0 6 x o n m Oa ~ I Z B am K ~
T o r o , w 0 6 b 1 o w e m m a T y OT T e K c r a . Benmma OT-
6 m ~ 3u a ~ ~ OT c m+ o p ~ a ~ a
KOAOHKU, HO M U H K M ~ A ~ H ~ I M
322 Yacma II. Kax aepcmama meltcm

PkIC. 14.8.B b I n e h e ~ ~ b yma-

le
TbI 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0H ~ ~ U ~ ~ I OCTgBY-
C R Webster's rhetorical questions that day may not
CTOPOHHUMU OTCTyIIahlU U OT- have changed many minds, but they crystallized
~ U B K ~ MOT
H OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa. an argument that had taken many forms over the
B TaKOM C A y q a e HCnOAb3)QOTCR previous decades:
OTCTyrIbI 1,5K ~ ~ ~ A ~U 0H 'o 6G~ ~ - This leads us to inquire into the origin of
KH no 0,5 UHTepAUHbRXa this government and the source of its pow-
er. Whose agent is it? Is it the creature of
C B e p X y U CHUBY. ~ O C K O A ~ K Y
the state legislatures or the creature of the
4 U T a T a OTYeTAUBO BbIAeAeHa, people? If the government of the United
KaBb19KU H e HYXHbI States be the agent of the state govern-
ments, then they may control it, provided
they can agree in the manner of control-
ling it; if it be the agent of the people, then
the people alone can control it, restrain it,
modify, or reform it.
Casting the debate in these terms made Calhoun
and his states-rights allies sound distinctly less
than democratic in their intentions, but the pros-
e." of thus enraging his opponents was never
nown to encumber Webster.

K ~ yme
K y~aabraanocb,p e x u cmpyxmypa~ (outline)
o ~ o 6 p a m a eH~e p a p x m o , q o K y M e H T a . lIo n p a s w n a M
cTpyKTypa + o p ~ ~ p y e npemne ~ c a B c e r o 3a cseT abxpaa-
HHB~HIIG N O T C V O B , H B r O p a 3 A O ~eHb111efi C T e n e H H

6naronapa pa3~006pa3~10 II K o H T p a c T y LUPII+TOB H

~ e r n e i iO. r ~ a s n e ~ O~ ~i ~e I Y HCTPOHTCII
O c ~cnonb30~a-
H H e M TII~oI'P~+IIY!~cKMx
IIapaMeTPOB. OHWH e T O A b K O
IIPOXCHRIOT CTpyKTj'pY AOKyMeHTa, HO n e A a I o T OrAaB-
AeHIIe 6onee IIpHBAeKaTeAbHbIM, o c o 6 e ~ ~e CoA H OH0
fiOCTaTOYH0 AAIIHHOe.
 I. General Introduction
A. Acknowledgements
B.Introduction of the Board
L m ~ a ssa ~ a q anpx O T O ~ ~ ~ X ~ H Ec I~I Z
p y ~ ~ y AOKY-
p b r 11. Summary of Third-Quarter Results
A. Manufacturing Division
MeHTa - BCe IIPaBEMbHO BbIPOBHIITb. J.4X 0603~aqe- 1. Household Durables
HIZII CTPYKTypHbIX 3AeMeHTOB (~XOAOBKOB, pa3.4e~o~) 2. Household Disposables
3. Light Industrial Equipment
O ~ ~ I Y HHCnOAb3YfOTCR
O ~ A C ~ ~ ~ B I ZMnEI
T H ~'IEICAOBbIe
I ~ 4. Automotive Supplies
EIHnIIKaTOPbI. K TaKkUl IwAEIKaTOpaM MOXHO OTHeCTIi B. Finance Division
1. Consumer Credit
p m c m e S E I C A ~ (I, II,III ...), n p o m c H b I e A a m c m e 6 y ~ - 2. Leasing Program
BbI, a p a 6 c ~ 'IMCAa
~e (1, 2, 3 ...), CTPO'IHbIe AaTHHCKEIe 111. Fourth-Quarter Projections
GY-KB~I EI C T p o g H b I e p J m c K k i e w c A a (i, ii, iii ...). K o ~ e s - A. Manufacturing
1. Domestic Sales
HO, A e r q e B c e r o B b I p a B m i B a T b 06b1~m1e a p a 6 c ~ ~~i ex + - 2. Foreign Sales
P b I , IIOCKOAbKY OHEI UMeIOT OAEIHaKOBbIe IUHPIZHhI, no B. Finance Division
1. Macro Economic
~ p a i i ~ eMi eip e , no TOG n o p b I , n o K a H e ~ ~ O C T ~ABY-
H ~ T Considerations
3HaqHbIX BeAEI'IEIH. 2. Foreign Exchange
Considerations
PHC~HOK
14.9 n o ~ a 3 ~ 1 s am en ~l i s H y m c ~ p y ~ ~ y p y 3. Consumer Credit Outlook
AOKyMeHTa CO CAOXHbIMEi OTCTyIIaMEI E i BbIpaBHEIBaHN- 4. Leasing Prospects

XMEI. Ha np0-
CTpaHHIle T a K U C T p y K T y p a BbImSIaEIT
CTO, HO A h R ~ a 6 o p a- 3 T 0 CYW& KOLUMaP. Ha CaMOM PMC. 14.9. T a ~ a xn p o c T a s
C T p y K T y p a CKpbIBaeT M H O X e -
Aene, ee nywue B c e r o ~ a 6 a p a B~ sme
b T ~ ~ A I Z UJMI
~I.
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~ ~ ~ A C T ~ B A ~ H
CTHPOY$X T b I M O X H O ~ a 6 ~ p PEIMC-
a ~ b
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b ~1b 1 K A I o q K o f iBIIpaBO
K I l e 'IIICAB B KOAOHKe C B ~ I K A I O ' I K O ~BIIpaBO,
~ a TeKCT, B KOAOHKe T ~ ~ A U U ~~ I~ .o I I H c -
K O T O P ~ ICAeAYeT
~~ 38 qEICAOM, -B C O C ~ A KOAOHKe
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C B ~ I K A I O ' I K OBAeBO.
~~ 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ , HO B ~pyrofiKOAOHKe.
17epexod~guecmpolcu (turnover lines), TO e c r b BTO- T ~ K C ~To, ~ o p b ~C nf ei A y e T 3 a
~ ~ ~ ~ C K YNU CMA ~NM H , A O A X e I I
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6 b 1 ~~
a 6 p Ba c~0efi
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B p e 3 y A b T a T e BePCTKH, B b I P a B H H B ~ T C Hn o & nep~0fi HOG KOAOHKe C O T V O M IIO TOY-
C T ~ O K OAeBOMY
~ K P W . ( ~ T MCTPOKaM 'IBCTO n p H - K e & A x TOTO, Y T O ~ ~I l Ie p e x o A x -
c B a k i B a e T C I I 0 6 p a T ~ b 1 i iOTCTY".) W H e CTpOKN ~ ~ I AIIpaBHAbHO
R

Ha c h e n y I o m e M y p o B H e k I e p a p x u k I n p o n u c H b I e 6 y ~ - BbIPOBHeIIbI. 3 a M e ~ b ~ I 2S ,T 0 IIe-
p e x o A x u u e CTPOKN H M e I o T NH-
BbI C T O Y K O ~~~a 6 x p a m ~ cC X O ~ ~ B CBO-
B ~ I K A M ~ KBIIpaBO
TePAUHbSIX H a 1IIYHKT MeHbLUe,
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CTPYKTYPbl
324 Yacrna II. KUKoepcrnarna rnelccrn

Ouas,tenueJ (table of contents, TOC) m n R e T c X O T p a X e H H e M CTPYKTYP~IA o K y M e m a ma

KHMrM. ECAH 3arOAOBKH H IIOA3arOAOBKH KHMFH O C $ O P M A ~ H ~ I C nOMOI4LIO ~ T l i ~ e fTO i,
nporpaMMa MomeT c o s ~ a ~ oar ~
n abs A e H a e a B T o M a m r e c K E i . (30,tee nodk06~ymun@o$,ua-
ZjUlO 0 CmZURX C A . 8 ZA. 7 7.) OH^ M q e T B AOKYMeHTe BKAIOYeHBX KOHKPeTHbIX C T H A ~ ~
I3 K O I I H p y e T TeKCT, MMM O T C $ O P M ~ T H P O B ~ H H ~ I B
~ ~OI'AaBAeHMe.
, B p e 3 y A b T a T e 06pa3ye~ca
CnUCOK BCeX 3arOAOBKOB M lIOA3aI'OAOBKOB K H H r U C H O M e p a M k i CTpaHMU. 3 a ~ BbI e OIIpe-
~
AehEleTe, K a K OrAaBAeHMe A O A X H O BbIrhElAeTb, IIpMCBaHBaX K a X A O M y IIYHKTY UIPH+T
M OTCTYII. MOXHOT a K X e Y K a s a T b , K ~ K YOp O~B e H b IIOA3arOAOBKOB A O A X e H 6b1~bI I p e A -
CTaBAeH B OrAaBAeHUM. BO MHOrMX CAyYaSfX 6 b r ~ a efiOCTaTOYH0 ~ TOAbKO 3arOAOBKOB
r A a B M n O a 3 a r O A O B K O B YPOBHX A.
O ~M~ Ia Z I H~a611pam~cx
O r n a ~ ~ e ~ O 0 f l ~ 0 6 K O A O H K O ~C~+ A W O B O ~ B
~~IKA~OYKO~~. ABYX-
KOAOHHOe O r n a B A e H M e 60hbme J I O X O X e H a y K a 3 a T e A b . ~ ~ ~ O A O Br K
A aUB B OrAaBAeHUM,
K a K I I p a B I m O , T H I I O ~ ~ ~ ~ M Y BbIAeAeHbI,
~ C K H OTAMYSICb OT O C T U b H b I X CTpOK KeTAeM,
HaCbIIUeHHOCTbIO M, M O X e T GbITb, ~ ~ P H H T ~ P OHU
o ~ . MOIYT TOYHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb AM-
3afi~yp a 3 A e A O B H n O A P a 3 A e A O B B KHMre, XOTX H e p e A K O 3arOAOBKU r A a B B OrAaBAeHHM
nonyYaloT yHHKanbHoe ~ ~ n o r p a + ~ s e cB ~
o noA eo m e H u e ; ~ ~ ~ O A O BpKa M
s ~ o r oYPOBHX OT-
AHYaloTCX OAUH OT A P Y r O r O TOAbKO B ~ A E I S E I H OO~T~C T y n a ( ~ M c . 14.10).
B OrAaBAeHHPi H a n 3aI'OAOBKaMM r A a B b 1 C A e A y e T ~ 0 6 a ~ m b
OT~WBKII, T . K. 3 T O r 0 Tpe-
6 y e ~6onee ~ p y I I H b 1 f iK e r A L IIIPM+TB. K ~ 3arOAOBOK
K r A a B b I p a 3 p b I B a e T TeKCT, T a K OH
p a 3 6 ~ ~ Ma OrAaBAeHMe,
e~ Y T O ~ er0
~ I M O X H O ~ L I A O3aMeTMTb C OAHOrO B3rAXAa.
O ~ ~ a h b ~IIYHKTbI
b I e OrAaBAeHMX 0 6 b 1 ~ KOpOYe ~0 M BbIpaBHHBaIOTCX IIO AeBOMy K p a I o ,
M H o r A a o Y e H b A a n e K o OT H o M e p o B C T P ~ H H U ~(page
I number, folio), K o T o p b I e n p n H m o
BbIPaBHMBaTb no I I p a B O M y K p a I o . &R T o r 0 9 ~ 0 6 b 1 0 6 e ~ n e Y U TBb H 3 y U b H y I o CBR3b M e X -
A y 3TMh3M 3AeMeHTaMEI, B OrAaBAeHkIM O ~ ~ I Y H IIpHMeHRlOTCII
O O?TOYUR (PHC. 14.11).
0mmovue6 (leaders) - TO cepm ~ H ~ K O Bawe
, Bcero, ToseK, K o T o p b I e C O B A ~ I O TT ~ O ~ M H -
KY AAX B 3 r A X A a IIpM n e p e X O A e OT T e K C T a K HOMePY. OHMT a K X e 0 6 a e ~ ~ ~CTPaHE14Y,
alo~
 PEIC. 14.10. B o r n a s n e l i m Bce
I. The State of the Art and How We Got Here 12 n o c T p o e n o ria oTcTynax: 9 e M

The Building Blocks ofType 13

H m e paw-, TeM 6 o ~ ~ l o~c.rya.
ue
Type Design as a Function of ~ i z c rq
B AaIIHOM CAyYae TOAbKO HOMe-
The Typewriter: The First Desktop Publishing Tool 16 pa CTpaHHu rAaB BbIPORHellbI n0
npaB0My KpaIO, a HOMepa CTpa-
Escapement 18
Monospaced Type 19 HUII IlOA3BrOAOBKOB OTneAeHLI
Proportional Type 11 OT H ~ ~ B ~ HnUpX0 6 e ~ 0
B~onriy
Monotype: Counting Character Widths q KerenLayIo. TO c 0 3 n a e ~9eT-
The Changing ~efinitionof "Font" 16 KYIO BH3YULHYIO CBR3L MeXAY
Photographic Fonts 27 3aTOAOBKOM H HOMepOM CTPLHU-
Electronic fonts 30 ~ L 6Ie 3 OTTOZIH~
Desktop Publishing Alters the Rules 31
The PostScript Model 33
Raster Image Processing 36
Device Independence 39
PostScript Fonts 40

~ ' H E I + H ~ U ~ YTeKCTOBOe
II IIOAe. B HeKOTOPbIX OrAaBAe-
1. The State of th. M md How W e Got Here
HKRX H O M e p a CTpaHHIl I I O A y Y a m TOAbKO 3arOAOBKH 13
14
rAaB, a IIOAYHHeHHbIe 3WOAOBKH IIpeACTaBMIOTCR IIpO- 16
18
CTbIM CIIHCKOM. T ~ K+ oO ~~M ~HTe OYeHb y ~ o 6 An54
e~ 19
21
23
HCKAK)YaeT ~ e 0 6 -
IIOAb30BaHUR O m a B A e m e M , HO 3 a ~ O 26
27
XOAHMOCTb B O?TOYHRX. ~ l r d r o n ifonb
t ..................................30
~ e s k o pPublishing Aiten the Ruler . . .....
32
me ..........
s e m r i p t ~0d.1
Raster Image Prorerring
.................
.
...................... .
...................
16
...........
39
....
Devirc Independence.
Postscn~lFonu . .
...........................
lmaglng Porstrlpt Fonts
. ............,........
.. - 40
42
45
omput ~ e ~ o l u t i oand
n lyp. auality 46
The Dark Side of WYSIWYG ............................................
48
Near-WYSIWYG .......................
................. 49
Ihr shadow of the Word Processor SO

CYW~CTB
T a~
K IX~
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UbI H AOKyMeHTa, KOTOpbIe M O X H O H a 3 B a T b CpenCTBa-
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HUKOM UAH Y ' I ~ ~ H I I K O M , CTaHOBHTCR HeBbIHOCMMO
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32 6 Yacma II. Kah- sepcrnamb mexcm

B AaHHOM p a 3 A e A e MbI PilCCMOTPHM OCHOBHbIe CpeACTBa HaBHTaIIHH: H Y A ~ ~ U ~ U W

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lines). Y x a s a m e ~ u(indexes) o n H c b I n a m T c s B O T A e n b H o M pasgene A ~ H H Omaam
~

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HO (cne~yrowarrc~panuua),
HO CUMBOA n p o A o m e H m , ing the contents of the stolen files.
Spokesmen of both parties deny
T e M H e M e H e e , BnOAHe YMeCTeH, IIOCKOAbKY OH II03BO- any malfeasance, either by dint of
involvement in the break-in or by
M e T 3 a ~ e p m U T bKOAOHK)' B KOHUe a6saua U y6eamb having anyihng to hide in any o f
T e M CaMbIM YUTaTehR, W O TeKCT H e 3aBepLUeH. kIcn0Ab- the office's files. Political insiders,
though, believe both to be dissem-
3YEI 3 T 0 CPeACTBO, B a M CAeAyeT IIpUMeHcITb Alaplcepbl bling, at the very least.
KoHya &amepuua (end marks)(m.c~edymz&uu'p a 3 d e ~ )
AAEI TOrO, Y T O ~ TOYHO
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 those who would profit by know-
ing the contents of the stolen files.
Spokesmen of both parties deny
any malfeasance, either by dint of
involvement in the break-in or by
having anything to hide in any of
the office's files. Political insiders,
see "Invesh'gation,"page 6 6bm ~ a K 0 i me, i
those who would profit by know-
ing the contents of the stolen files.
Spokesmen of both parties deny
any malfeasance, either by dint of
involvement in the break-in or by
having anything to hide in any of
the office's c u t l d a paga 4
PMC. 14.14. , 4 ~KnaccnqecKnx
a MeHRHYrCX B X C Y P H ~ A ~ HBepCTKe
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Adobe Garamond Semibold, 717
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Eve word. should be subtnacd fmm the total number permissible, as de-
termin+ by one of the recedin methods. In double-column advenire-
menu, SIX to a f t wor& shodd% d o w ~ for d uch paragraph used; in
triple column a vcnirement., From eight to twelve words.
ne- Palatino, 718
zOrdinarily, for each paragraph in single-column advertisements,
four or five words should be subtracted from the total number
permissible, as determined b y one of the preceding methods. In
double-column advertisements, six t o eight words should be al-
lowed for each paragraph used; in triple column advertisements,
from eight t o twelve words.
CBeTAbIe UAU TOHKHe I I I P U ~ H
I e IIOAXOAIIT. n0~J'Xlip-
m I e mpuCp..~MOT xoporuo B b I n o m 3 7 ponb, HO
HaUA>"IIIIUX P e 3 Y A b T a T O B C A e A y e T O X U a a T b OT IIIpu+-
T a , OCHOBaHHOrO H a ~ac~ep-06pa3ue K W A X 6, IIOCKOAb-
KY er0 H a C b W e H H O C T b , UIUFlUHbI 3HaKOB U UX O'IKO A)"I-
rue npucnoco6nesb1 nnrr H C ~ O ~ ~ O B ~ cH MU eXm i u M u
K e r m u .
%kEphu~bS?X
3ClBUCI1T OT C ~ ~ O P MKOAOHKU,
~ T ~ XOTX
T p ~ U u I l O H H OC H O C W O ~ L I Y H O ~ a 6 u p a m ~ c 1AOCTaTO'I-
1
HO MOTHO: u m e p A m i m x qaao p a e H Kerm. OTHO-
meme xerm CHOCOK K Q0p~az-yKOAOHKU, noAxoAx-
Uee AJM I I I p H + T a o6b1s~oro
TeKCTa, W CHOCOK B C e f A a
cosnae~6onee nnomrii ~ a 6 o pHo . CHOCKU a T a K noc-
TaTO'IHO TPYAHO W T a T b , XI03TOMY H e T H Y X n b I H a K a 3 b I -
BaTb W T a T e m ewe u y M e H b m e n x b m u m e p m m a m e M ,
o c o 6 e ~ ~ex,
o m AOCT~M'IHO n p m e m o w m e T C H ~ .
 T A U74.
~ Cmpyxmypa
~ d o x y ~ e w m au n p a e u a munotpa$uxu 335

~ o I I o A H U T ~ A O~TH~ H
~ B K BM e X A Y CHOCKaMN ~e0683a-
O~XOAIITCEI
T e A b H a , H A O B O A ~ H O~ ~ C T O Bnpo-
6e3 H e e .
q e M , nYHKTa ABa H e IIOMeUIaX)T, eCAH n 0 3 B O M e T CeT-
Ka~ ~ l mrupa+~a.
ii
Ha CTpaHUUaX C KOHUeBbIMM CHOCKaMM CHOCKH
MOXHO hem0 O T ~ I I B ~AT P~ y OT A p y r a . 0 6 b I q ~ b I CHOC-
e
KU pa3MeIUaIOTCX BHH3Y CTPaHEiUbI H a OrPaHH'IeHHOM
IIOAe, a CTpaHHUbI A M KOHqeBbIX CHOCOK P a C n O A a r a -
IOT P(OCTaT09HbIM IIPOCTpaHCTBOM. CHOCKU
He ~ Y A P
B b I T M A e T b TpYAHOIIpeOAOAflMbUIH H MOHOTOHHO CepbI-
MU, eCAU IIX p a 3 A e A U T b OT~IIBK~UIIIB IIOAOBMHY CTPO-
m u ~ A U ~ K U MKU BTOMY ~ H ~ ~ ~ H H I O .
KI~

B ~ I ~ ~ B H MCHOCOK
B~HH~
CHOCKU
O ~ ~ I P HBhIpaBHUBaKYfCSl
O C OTCTYIIOM I I e p ~ 0 2
CTPOKII, MAeHTUPHbUI I I p m O M Y B OCHOBHOM TeKCTe.
C k T j ' I I H e A a e T AAHHHbIM TeKCTaM CHOCOK BbU'AJfAeTb
CAWUKOM M O H ~ O H H OM n o M o r a e r q m a T e m 6 b 1 q 0 ne-
pexonm K n y m ~ CHOCK~M
m ~ (yca3am.w CHOCOK K ~ P -
K o r ~ aCHOCKU ~ a 6 p a ~cba6-
CEI c o B c e M KPOU~~SH~IMYI). 1
sa-IM OTCIYIIOM, MOWUIO 0 6 0 h c b 6e3 ~ I I B O K .
T e ~ cUIoCOK
r ~ ~ 0 m6c x~e ~0 a 6 n p a C~ db p a ~ ~ b I M
OTcTynOM, OcraBNIIl LIJt+pb1 NAU 3 H m H a AeBOM H M e .
C ~ e n yoe 6~ p a m B m a m e H a TO, nu npu TOM B~XHO
COXpaHUTb BbIpaBHkIBaHHe TeKCTa II0CIY)IMHbIM IIpH nepe-
H a om02 EI T& me crpamiue
xone H o M e p o B y~asa~eneii PHC. 14.18. B CHOCKaX BbInOA-
OT OAHO3Ha'IHbIX K A B Y 3 H a m I M YHCnaM (PMC. 14.18). HXeTCX BbIpaBHUBaHUe CTPOK
TOme Kacae-rcx H K o m e s b I x CHOCOK. TeKCTa no HOMepaM. B AaJfHOM
cnynae q u + p o ~ b ~ yxcasaTeAa
e
IIepeXO&(XT OT OAII03HaYHOTO
K aBY3HaYHOMY PUCAY, U 3 W a -
na COCrOUT B TOM, n m 6 b 1 Coxpa-
HUTb T ~ K C T O B ~OTCTyn
I~~ HeU3-
IQTotalsinclude extraordina income items: sale of Duquesne MeHHbIM N BbIPOBHXTb =IUCha
plant, Harrison bequest, 1v98 IRS settlement.
y ~ a 3 a ~ e ~no
e in ip a e o M y ~pam
336 Yacma If. K ~ aepcmama
K mexcm

ECAUCHOCKH BbIPaBHUBaIOTCR no AeBOMy K p a I o , a s U C A a H e BbIABHI'amCR H a IIOAX,

AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bYCTaHOBAeHbI AOnOAHIITeAbHbIe O T ~ H B K UB HeCKOAbKO IIYHKTOB M e X A y
CHOCKaMU AAR TOrO, S T O ~ ~OHM
I P e T Y e OTAeARAUCb A P p OT A p p a .
~ O C K O A ~ KBCe-TBKH
Y MHOrHe CHOCKU AOCTaTOSHO KOPOTKU ( C O ~ ~ ~ ~BI+O+ ~
TK T ~ A O K
C P B a H b l M n p a B b I M K p a e M B H H x H ~ VaCTkI
~ ~ C T P ~ H H I J ~ I )TO
, CHOCKH, Y KOTOPbIX TeKCT
3 r w l M a e T HeCKOAbKO CTPOK, HHOrAa ~ a6upm
T a m e C PBaHbIM l l p a B b I M K p a e M . Bo6we~
C A V a e , CHOCKH IIOBTOPRKW cnoc06 BbIpaBHEIBaHWI, IIpIfHXTbG AAX OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa.

~ H ~ K Hn ~
p x" m b I e AM CHOCOK (reference marks), B b I p a s m s a m c x no sepxy,
y~a3ame~eUY
6e3
KBK B OCHOBHOM TeKCTe, T a K H B H a S a A e TeKCTa CHOCKH. O H H H ~ ~ U P ~ K I T C I I npo6ena,
XOTR B 0 6 0 cnyqaxx
~ ~ ~ e ~ 0 ~ 0 p bpJY~0fi
l f i KepHHHr M O X e T n o ~ p e 6 o ~ a AAR
~ b cTOfO,
~
Z I T O ~ 3HaKH
~I H e O K a 3 U H C b paCnOAOXeHHbIMH 9 e p e C g Y p 6 ~ x 3 K~ OCHOBHOMY
0 TeKCTY.
O A H H O YHAH
H ~ I~ ~e C f 3 0 p ~ a A b ~ bCHOCKH
Ie M O V 0603~a--1a~bcx H ~ U H + P O B ~ I M H3Ha-
(*). B
KaMU, HaIIpEZMep, ~ B ~ ~ ~ O Y K O $ IIpOH3BeAeHHRX C MHOXeCTBOM CHOCOK MnH B H a p -
HbIX MnH TeXHHSeCKIlX pa60~ax,CHOCKH B KOTOpbIX IIPeACTaBARIOT 6 0 ~ b I I I e f i9aCTbKI
6 ~ 6 n ~ o r p a + ~ r CCbIAKH
e c ~ ~ eH a ApyI?le p a 6 0 ~ b 1 ,UH+poBbIe y ~ a 3 a ~ 0e6 n~ 3~ a ~ e A b ~ b 1
~ P H B ~ ACTaHAapTHYIo
~ M nOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTb H ~ U H + P O B ~ I X 3HaKOB n A X C A y ' i W ,
K o r n a HX OKa3bIBaeTCR H a CTpaHHUe HeCKOAbKO. Tame E i e p a p x W I I l p H r O A H a nAX ~ a 6 m u ,
B KOTOpbIX H e IIpHMeHRWTCX U I I + P O B ~ I ~ y K a 3 a T e A H . ~ O C A ~ ~ O B ~ T ~ A I~I pH
HMO eC
p HTO~
TaKOBa:
3Be3A09Ka (*);
o KpeCTHK (dagger) (t);
0 ~ B o i i ~ oKpeCTHK
fi (double dagger) (1);
naparpa+ (section mark) (§);
K o H e u a6aaua (paragraph mark) (I)'".
~ ~ ~ K T H Y ~ ceCAH
K H B
, a M HYXHLI K ~ K A ~ - A H3HaKH
~O IIOMHMO A B O ~ ~ H OKpeCTHKa,
~O TO
nyqme ~ c n o n b a o s a u~ ab + p o ~ b ~ye ~ a 3 a ~ eT
n a~o. G S H ~ K K naparpa*,
, ~ K B s ~ o ipi o n ~
BbIrAXAHT H e OZIeHb n p H B A e K a T e A b H 0 . ECAHno K ~ K O $ - A H ~ OI I p H S H H e UII+P~I He M O T
HCnOAb3OBaTbCX, TO Ay"Wle npOCTO YABOEiTb IIpHBbFIHbIe 3HaKU: **, tt, $1.
TeKcToB, conepmawux y ~ l + p o ~ by~~e a s a ~ eny.lme
n ~ , B c e r o n p w M e H m b rapsu-
TYPbI, B KOTOpbIX n p e A C T a B A e H n 0 A ~ b I f ~
i a6oU
p U + ~ O B ~ I XBepXHUX HHAeKCOB. Bepx~xe
UHAeKCbI, r e H e p H p Y e M b I e IXpOrpaMMHO, M O T 6 b 1 ~ bn 0 9 T k I HePa3AHSHMb1, T a K KaK n p H
nesam MOT 0 3
a 3 ~ e p B
o ~ a 3 a ~ b pc x ~ nymTa.
 Ciaaa 74. Cmpyxmypa ao~y.uenrnau npaswa munozpa@uxu 33 7

PMC. 14.19. Ha6op y ~ a s a ~ e n a

B ~ ~ C n
T pKe ~
w ,~ w t e t i ~ a ~ fl06aBne~blBpy'4Hylo C PBBHbZM I I p a B b I M K p a e M II03BO-
nporpa~MoA xecTKue paapblsbl CTPOK A R e T A e r K O HCIIpaBUTb H e y A a Y -

Umlaut, 66 Umlaut, 66 I I b I e OKOIIYaHUR CTPOK. B~opaa

Underscore character, rules and, Underscore character, CTpOKa B A ~ B K
OO ~A O A K ~O K a 3 a -
39 rules and, 39 ~ a c mape,
b YeM ee coceaa, no-
Underscores, for graphic Underscores, for graphic
3TOMY H O M e p CTPaHUUbI nOBUC
emphasis, 39-40 emphasis, 39-40
Upper-and-lowercase copy, Upper-and-lowercase copy, O T A ~ A ~ HCO T
~~ O KB
O UCIIpaB-
~.
between rules in tables, 4& between rules in tables, neHau Taxme EIyxnaeTcs nepe-
47 4647 HOC I I O C A e K O p O T K O r O T a p e .
Up style, defined, 77 Up style, defined, 77
Utility characters, 43 Utility characters, 43 B npa~oiiK o n o H K e x c e m u i pa.3-
P b I B B 3TUX CTPOKaX Y A F U I U A

O T & ~ A L H L ICraTLEI
~ H H , ~ ~ K c $ ' (BCIIOMOIYLT~A~HO~O
F a -
s a ~ e d "O~LI'IHO o ' I e H b KOPOTKH, ~ O B T O M YT p a m i r I u -
OHHO HHAeKCLI BePCTaK)T B &Be KOAOHKEI. K ~ EIKB CHOC-
KaX, KOpOTKHe CTPOKH B y K a 3 a T e n x x r p e 6 p . r PBaHOrO
IIpaBOrO K p U , K O T O P L I ~y~M e H b I l I a e T BepOXTHOCTL IIpO-
6ne~ BepCTKM. KOAOHKH, BLIKAIO'IeHHbIe IIO + 0 p M a -
TY,T o m e MOT n p E I M e m L c x , ecnx TOALKO n p ~~T O M
H e noxsmcx p a 3 p e r n e ~ ~ b 1CTPOKII.
e @ n a r o ~ b ~~
f ia 6 o p
n03BOAlleT IIpOH3BOALHO YCTaHOBEITL MeCTO p a 3 p L I B a
CTPOKEI, K a K I I O K ~ ~ ~ HHaOpxc. 14.19. n e p e ~ o cCAOB
BOBMOXeH, HO MH&eKCLI BOCIIPEIHHMBIOTCR A y r I l I e , KOr-
&a 3 ~ +aY H K ~ E I R O T K n m r e H a .
PIIC. 14.20. B npuMepe Bcno-
MoraTe,u,Horo y ~ a 3 a ~ e nnorta-
rr Red hunts, 856,858,910-1 1
3m0, K ~ ~K O K cH+pasoG usee Referendum, Progressive reform, 682
also,, O+O~MAXKITCX KYPCHB- Reform movements, 562-7 1,580-596; 20th Century,
HbIM LIIpRcp.fo~.ECAUOHU OT- 623-4 1,755 K See also Abolitionists; Progressive
HOCXTCII K o n p e a e n e n ~ KAHF
b~~ movement; Prohibition; Temperance; Woman
4eBbIM CAOBaM, 3TU CAOBa Ha- suffrage
~H~F~IOTC IlPIIMblM
JI I~IPU+TOM,
Reformation, Protestant, 16, 3 1-5
KBK OHR npeACTaBAeHb1B CIIUC-
Religion, 7, 13-16, 34, 67, 119-121; post-
Ke. Koraa x e OHH oTHocxTCa
independence, 133-36,2 19-20,244,307;
K 0 6 0 6 1 u a m ~ qC
~A~OBBM, KSWC
B IIOCAeAHeM npHMepe, TO BCX
contemporary, 1014-22, 1089. See also names of
+pa3a o + o p h m r l . e ~K~~~C H B O M individual denominations.

XOTR HeKOTOPLIe r a p H ~ p L MOIYT

I n o ~ p e 6 0 ~ ayBe-
n
A n v e H n x HHTepAHHLRXa. r a p ~ n ~ y pT aa me, s ~ no
Y OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa.
gmi +pas, T a K m KaK <<seealso, ( < c u t . m a x ~ e ~ ) ,
O ~ ~ I S H MCIIOAL3YeTCR
O KYPCHB. K o r ~ aT a K W CCLIAKa
IIpXMO y K a 3 b I B a e T H a A p y r y I o CTaTLH) HHAeKCa, Ha3Ba-
H u e CTaTbH ~a611pae~cx
IIPRMLIM ILIPU+)TOM. E c n CCLIA-
~
K a HanpaBmieT v m a T e m i K KaTeropmi M ~ H
COBOK~~HC-
crnnpyrnx cra~eiiy ~ a s a ~ e h~sc, r +pasa
r AonmHa 6 b 1 ~ b
o + o p ~ n e ~Kay p c n B o M (PMC. 14.20). Qpasa .see also,
'IaCTO 3aKaHYIIBaeTCR TO'IKO~~,IIOCKOALKY 3 T 0 IIOAHOe
npennomemie. B cranxx a m e K c a , KoTopLre y~as~raa-
IOT H a E i ~ C T P P 4 J i I 0 ,H O M e p C T P a H I i U b I P a C T O O@OPM-

~~OAYXNPHLIM~~CPN@TOM.
AZ~TCX

B X w e K c a x u w z l e e b l e c A o a a (keywords), TO e c r L OCHOB-
H b I e CCbIAKH, I I P I I B O ~ R T C R B XA+)~~BIITHOMIIOpXAKe,
~ O ~ H L I M~ H~ K B ~( eMu n
H TO H e m e H a C O ~ C T B ~ H H L I ~ )
H BbIpaBHHBaIOTCR IIO AeBOMy K P X O . B IIPOCTbIX CTaTb-
RX 3a m v e B L x m i CnoBaMx cneAyeT s a n m a ~npo6en
,
I4 3 a T e M H O M e p Cl'paHMqbI. C T ~ T ~ HUIWeKCa
) H e CAenY-
eT s a s e p r u a ~ bT O S K O ~ ~ .IIoduulteltnale cmamau
(subentries), o T H o c x u u e c x K K A I O ~ ~ B O Mcnony,
Y o+op-
MAXIOTCX T a K Xe: CAOBO, 3aIIXTa.X, H O M e p CTpaHMUbI.
H ~ I H
~ o A ~ H H ~ HCTaTbIl ~ ~~HP~IOTC X
OTCTyIIaMII,
O ~ ~ I Y Hp aOB H b I M I l 1 ~ e r e A b ~ 0 fKi . ~ K y 6 o ~ oO T c l y n a -
m
wr nepexonmue y a m q o m (runover MAH tunover),
3ilBEiCEiT OT C T W o+o~MA~HELX IIOAWiHeHHbIX ~ T a ~ e f i :
B nodbop (run-in)m u c omcmynom (indented).
PBC. 14.21. B y ~ a 3 a ~ e mc-OT-
1~
CTyllaMU ( A ~ B ~KOAOHKB)
X KaX-
B W e K c a x , ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ Bb non6op,
u r Bce nonsIiHeHHbIe Ablc ~ O A Y U H ~ H H ~3AeMeHT
IG
3AeMeHTbI CAeAylGT 38 W Y e B b I M k i CAOBaMN N pa34e- H a w a m c x c HOBOG CTPOKU. 06-
panwe BHuMaiue, TO nepexo-
m C C 3aWiT06
X TOAbKO T O ~ K O ~ ( ~ u c14.21).
. B ~a.Kofi
ASI4aR C'l'pOKaKNO~~BOG CTaTbU
sepcrxe nepexonmue TOM u M e m 0 6 b ~ ~ b xcrrclyn
ii
UMeeT ~ O A ~ I I I OTCTyn,
U ~ ~ 4eM
- 1 K e r e a H a x . B HeKoTopr,rx y ~ a 3 a ~ e K . 1n r~o s~e B b I e u IIOA'iHHeHHbIe 3AeMeHTbI. B IIH-
~ O A 9 H H e H H b I e CAOBa 3aBepCTbIBaIOTCX BMeCTe. E c ~ E ~ neKce B non6op (npa~art KOAOH-

KAIOqeBbIe CAOBa ~ a 6 u p m c r H r a OTAehbHbIx CTpOKax, rca) Bce noa'imennbre eneMeHnr

~ a 6 p a ~ HenpepblBHO,
b1 HO pas-
TO ~ 0 6 HX ~ H1e n y r a n c nepexo,qmmu CTPOK~MA,
AeAeHbI T O ~ K O GC 3aIIXTOG. ROC-
nocnenxixe ~a6upawrcac OTCTY~OM B 2 K e r e n b H b I e A ~ A H U GTEUIy~a3a~em-1 ropa3no
(a B HeKOTOPbX CA)"IaJM I I C ~ O A ~ I U I I M OTCIYIIOM, ' I e M KOMnaKTHee, HO TpyAfIee AAX
y IIOAYUHeHHbIX ~ A ~ M ~ H T O B ) . VeHnx

cOTCT~~~MH B noa60p
Roosevelt, Theodore, 112, 154,407-410, Roosevelt, Theodore, 112,154,407-410,
551 551; Spanish War, 553, 558-9; post- 1889,
Spanish War, 553, 558-9 571-75; foreign policy, 561; domestic
post-1889, 571-75 policy, 577-81; post-1908, 584-90; 1912
foreign policy, 561 campaign, 612-16; post-1912,622,
domestic policy, 577-81 631-33,655
post-1908, 584-90
1912 campaign, 612-16
poSt-l912,622, 631-33, 655
 ~ H O C TB~non6op COCTOHT B TOM, T O OHH
~ ~ H B A ~ K ~ T ~ A UHAeKCOB 6onee KOMnaKTHbI
U HX A e r Y e ~ a 6 n p a ~ ab HX
, HenOCTaTOK - B TpyAHOCTFi YTeHHX H CAOXHOCTH ~ ~ I C T P O T O
IxoHcKa.

B yKa3aTeAXX, O + O ~ M A ~ H H ~ CI X
OTCTynaMH, BCe IIOngHHeHHbIe CTaTbH P a C n O A O X e H b I H a
OTAeAbHbIX CTpOKZlX ( T ~ K HH ~
W e K C b I HHOrAa Ha3bIBaIOT ylcU3UmeA&UU C ~ O C ~ ~ O V F L ~ U
3 ~ e ~ e n m u-uentry-a-line). B c n o m H b I x HHnexccax, y KOTOP~IXn o A s k i H e H H b I e 3 ~ e ~ e
TbI HMeIOT CBOM IIOASHHeHHbIe CTaTbH, ~ a K 0 f CTHAb
i 6 o ~ e YeTKO
e O T p W a e T CTpYKTpY.
Bo B c e x cny~axxy ~ a 3 a ~ e c
n oTc?ynaMH
u B o c n p H H E i M a m c a nerse.
T P Y ~ H OCC
OT3 a~
WX HHC(eKC0B C OTCTyllaMEf COCTOMT K a K p a 3 B CaMUX OTCTyIIaX.
A M T o r 0 9 ~ 0 6 b 1B y K 3 a T e A e YeTKO O T p i l X U a C b CTpyK?ypa, BCe nepeXO.LJXLUHe CTpOKH
AOAXHbI H M e T b OT-bI Ha 1 KereAbHyIO 6 o ~ b m e (W K~KYIO-nu60
HHYIO 6a3o~y10 Be-
AHYEIHY), 9 e M IIO,I(SHHeHHbIe 3AeMeHTbI HH3LIIerO P O B H R . ECAH 6 a 3 o ~ aB e~A H g H H a CO-
CTaBNIeT 1 KereAbHYIO, a HHneKC H M e e T ABa P O B H X IIOAWiHeHHbIX 3AeMeHTOB, TO BCe
IlepeXOnXLLWie CTpOKH AOAXHbI OTCTynaTb H a 3 KeI'eAbHbIX.
~ O C K O A ~ KBCe
Y KAIOSeBbIe CAOBB H nOA9HHeHHbIe 3AeMeHTbI B TaKHX y K a 3 a T e A X X
M O T 6 ~ 1 % CBepCTaHbI OTAeAbHbIMH a 6 3 a u a ~ ~ +1 U, K C H P O B ~ H U ~OTCTynOB B CTEINIX H e
T a K YX U O X O , K a K M O X e T IIOKa3aTbCX. K a X ~ b ~Pi Oi B e H b 3AeMeHTOB M O X e T W e T b
C B OC
~O~CTB~HH ~ I ~ ~ B K A I O Y ~ I O ~KaK
CTHAb, U ~ 3Ha'IeHMe OTCTyna CaMOrO 3 A e M e H T a , T a K H
s ~ a s e ~ onTec T y n a AAX nepexo~aueiiC T ~ O K H . Eonee n o r [ p o 6 ~ pm + o p ~ a u ~ ? r oo CTH-
M X CA. 8 2A. 7 7.

llp~ 0 6 p a u e ~ a aK H a s a n y n e p ~ o i iKOAOHKH H a HOBO^^ C T p a H H g e H m e K c a s m a T e A m

6 b 1 ~ aqey~ , q ~no o m b , B ~ a ~ os ai ci m y ~ a 3 a ~ OH e nH ~a x o n m c s . B &iHC(eKcax c oTcTyna-
MU B H a s a e nep~oii KOAOHKH c n e n y e T n o B T o p m b n o c ~ e ~ [ mHiai n p e n b w y r r r e i i c T p a s n -
U e 3AeMeHT 6 o ~ e eBbICOKOrO p O B H X (CO CBOHM O T C T ~ ~ OUAH M ) I ( N O Y ~ B O ~3 ~A e M e H T CO
C A O B ~ M H(continued, UAH cont.) ~ n p o n o n r n e ~ u eO>+~O) ,P M A ~ H H ~ KI ~~ ~ C H B O MB. y ~ a s a ~ e -
MX, H ~ ~ P ~ H H Bn ~ oI ~X6 o pI,I p e f l b ~ a y r r ~ HK i A e M e H T IIOBTOpXeTCB H O+OPMAR-
i iA I O s e ~ o f 3
eTCX T a K W me 06pa30~.3 A e c b H e T H ~ O ~ X O ~ ~ H M O B C TcU
nOBaX C M . n p o A o A X e H H e *
B KOHYe I I p e & b ~ y r r l e f KOAOHKH,
i IIOCKOAbKY 3HaKH n p e n H H a H M X AaIOT nOHXTb, 3aKaH'IH-
BaeTcR sne~em
H a ~ e ~ y r r r ema
ii npoAonmaeTcrr Ha cne~yroueiic T p a H n q e .
 B E i m e K c a x o s e H b A e r K o ~ O A ~ Y I IBTE ~I C R ~ ECTPO-
I~
KEI, IIOCKOAbKY YaCTO IIepeHOCRTCR + p a r ~ e H T b I KAHI-
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HAEI B
AJKJI4jTO KOAOHKY. K o r ~ EIHAeKCbI
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IIpeAILIeCTByIorrJIIX CTPOK, Y T O ~ ~ I A O ~ ~ ewe
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~ ~ ~ C I C (bibliography)
~ U ~ A U O Z ~ ~ $ U onuca~ue"!' O ~ O~~IYHO
~ a 6 ~ 1 p a e 6onee
~ca MenKMM K e r n e M , s e M O C H O B H O ~ ~
TeKCT U C OT~IIBKPMH M e X A y IIYHKTaMEI. k l H ~ e p h E I ~ b -
R X AOBOAbHO ~ o T H ~ HO
I ~H e~ 06113aTeAbH0
, paBHb1G
KWAHI (solid),IIOCKOAbKy + O ~ M ~ CTPOKEI,
T KaK IIpaBEI-
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~ E I ~ A I I O ~ P ~ + E IKBK
H I , EI CHOCKEI, BepCTa-
HIT B OAHY KOAOHKY. OT~UBKH
MOrYT 6b1Tb EICKAHI9e-
H ~ TaM,
I rAe cepm C C ~ I A O KO T H O C ~ C RK OAHOMY II TOMY
Xe aBTOpy (pEIc. 14.22).

Harrison, Bentley k A Con& History of

fipographicalFom. Boston: The Manuzio PZIC. 1 4 . 2 2 . 3 ~ e ~ e 6
m~x 6~x0-
Foundation, 1951. rpa@usec~oroo n a c a H u R O~~IZI-
Omstead, Walter. The apesetter's Companion. San HO 0TAeARK)TCX A P y r OT A p y r a
Francisco: Almond Press, 2001. O T ~ I I B K B M M , B AaHHOM C A y Y a e
.- A Primrr on ape. New York: McKinley
0,5 n m e p n u H w i r n a . Hcmrose~a-
Press, 1999.
-. 'A Kerning Desire." The Typesetter's e M XBAXeTCR CepIlR 3AeMeHTOB,
JoumI, August, 2001: 64-71. OTHOCXUrElXCR K OAHOMy a B T O p y .
Venable, Millicent. Of GpeandMm. Los B T a K U X C A y V a R X NMR a B T O p a ,
Angeles: Letter Press, 1977. K a K n p a B N A 0 , H e nOBTOpXeTCfl,
W~lliamson,Karl. The Printed Word:A History. a 3aMeHXeTCR T p e M R AAUHHhIMH
London: Havisham &Sons, 1960. TMpe
342 Yacma II. Kalc aepcmama mexcm

Echa CHOCKU O ~ L I Y H O~ a 6 ~ p a n ~CrBLIpaBHUBaHNeM

cx no AeBOMy KpaH, I4 C OTC?yrra-
MU, TO 6 ~ 6 ~ u o r p a ~ n ~OMCaHIle
e c ~ o e - C OTCTynaMH B T I I X K O ~ ~B OAHY KerenbHp.
~ T O P L IU peAaKTOpbI MOIYT O+IOPMAIIT~ 6 1 1 6 ~ 1 1 o r p a ~ ~ ~CCLIAKMe c ~ ~ ipa3HbIMH
e
cnoco6a~u.AAX Tor0 9 ~ 0 6 M ~M1eTb H ~ K U GCTBHABPT, K O T O P L I ~nOCAyXIlT O C H O B O ~AAS
~
~ u c ~ y c cC ~HUiM
i U, npUBeAeM npUMep TOrO, KaK AOAXHa ~ L I T Lo p r a ~ u 3 0 ~ m O~aL I S H ~ J I
6 n 6 h u o r p a ~ ~ r e cccbmKa:
~a~r

Omstead, Walter. The Typesetter's Companion. San Francisco:

Almond Press, 2001.

MMEI aBTOpa MOXHO O T ~ O P M ~ T P ~ P O B ~ Tpa3HLIMM

L C ~ O C O XOTII
~ ~ M ero~BcerAa
, Ha-
6~pam npRMbIM ( m o r ~Arne a ~ O A ~ X U P H L I MIUPU+TOM.
)
Hassame K- ~ a 6 u p a e ~ KYPCHBOM,
cs a chenoM ~ a s ~ a H~~uA e~ T ~ A L C-
TBnpa-
~
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H cTanx, TO ee ~ a a ~ a mO ~e ~ I Y
HO ~ a 6 ~ i p a e npXMLIM
~ca I U P U ~ T O MB KaBLFIKaX, a Ha3BaHUe XypHaAa - KYpCUBOM:

Omstead, Walter. "A Kerning Desire". The TypesetterJsJournal,

August 2001: 64-71.

npU IIOBTOPHLLX CCLIAKaX UMII aBTOpa MOXeT ~ L I T L3aMeHeHO TpeMII AAUHHLIMU

TUpe BO BTOPOM U IIOCAeApUeM YIIOMUHaHUSIX. y 6 e ~ m e c bT, O BLI acnOnb3ye~ea p e
m ~ p u ~ oBi Kerenmyro
i nnoqUIcy AAX Toro, ~ 0 6 npn
~ 1nomope n o n p u a c r , Henpe-
PbIBHaR AUHUR:

Omstead, Walter. The Typesetter's Companion. San Francisco:

Almond Press, 2001.
-. A Primer on Type. New York: McKinley Press, 1999
-. "A Kerning Desire". The Typesetter's Journal, August 2001: 64-71.
 QAaroBbIfi ~ a 6 o p- c c ~ a 6 o pC O ~ H O C T O ~ O HBLIKAIO'IKO~~
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T ~ ~ A HH UIIO a p y T W M IIpI1YHHaM, T. e. + O P M H P O B ~ H U ~nOAOC 3aHOBO. n p W MeTahAW-
YeCKOM ~ a 6 o p eH + o ~ o ~ a 6 0 p3TO
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m~mcTpaq~lfi w T. n.)* (MWA~YWH, 261-262).
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p H C A O B O C O Y ~ T ~ HCHH~~~~ O A L I I I H M E
nOIIOAHHTeAbHbIMH
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B KOAOHKe, HAW H a Y a h b H a J l CTpOKa a6saua, C T O R K i U H a IIOAOCe (B K O A O H K ~ )IIOCAe-
n ~ e f iT. e x ~ m e c ~ Wn peW H A a BepCTKH H e AOnyCKiuoT O ~ O M XBHPOB BHCIIYHX CTpOK,
nenarr MCfC"rIOYems m m KOPOTKHX ~ O M aKT e M a m Y e c K x x paccyxqemii M e m y
+ o p ~ y A a M H H n A X BHCIIYWX CTpOK B r a 3 e T a X , X Y P H a h a X , W3AaHHIIX I I H ~ O P M ~ I J I I O H -
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T a K X e H e M e H b I I l e 2/3 + O P M ~ T ~
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a H e n o A ~ a rK
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KOAOHKa COAepXCWT TeKCT, OnH-
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Miller, MO
350 Yacma II. Kale aepcmama meKcm

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 1stQuatter 2nd Quarter
2000 2001 2000 2001
OEM Sales
EastemRegim $ 617,995 $ 788,500 $ 694,605 $ 880,005

Midwed Reaon 746,831 677,498 529,775 671,774

Sou!hemRegion 553.880 99 5,640 901,442 705,644
WestanRe@m 1,876,034 2,880,769 1,705,970 998,777
Total $3,794,740 $5,342,407 $3,831,792 $3,256,200

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First-Half Sales by Division, 2001 vs. 2000

OEM S a l u
PHC. 15.7. kiepapxuvec~ueo-r- Eastern region S 617.995 S 788,500 S 694,605 S 880,005
nourexinx B B ~ ~ O A O B K peura-
~X Midwest region 746.831 677.498 529.775 671,774
IOTW C IIOMOUbK, o 6 ' b e ~ n ~ e ~ - Southern region 553,880 995,640 901.442 705,644
Western region 1,876,034 2,880,769 1,705,970 998.777
H b I X 3 a r O A O B K O B (XPYCOB),
B ~OKOBUKB - C nOMOL4bH) BbI- Total $3,794,740 $5,342,407 $3,831,792 $3,256,ZW
n e A e a m u or cry no^. OCHOBHO~~Retail Sale#
3arOAOBOK B ~ O K O B N Kna6pa.n
~ Edbtcm region $ 26,995 $ 38,960 S 35,332 $ 36,719
n o ~ y n r a p ~ b u
r r
~pa@~o~, Midwest region 56,831 58,422 61,666 66,044
anoaquHenme - c OTCT~~IOM. Southern region
We~ternregion
117,051
206,774
121,942
286.008
112.545
210,115
112,528
210,773
ITonyxupme c r p o ~ n~Totalr
wMexoT ewe 6o~,buruiicrmyn,
Total S 407,651 $ 505,332 $ 419,658 S 429.064
mo6b1O T A H Y wx
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PMC. 15.9. B BTO% ~ e 6 o n b m o i i Rated Speed, Time blwem

~a6nuuen o ~ a 3 a ~ bB rc e B H A ~ I Produd and
In Pages p Repairs, In Womnfl
Manufodunr
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SpotFlash 300 8 10.25 Electronics 1
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UeHTpUpOBaHUe JlUHUU L u ~ u @ T ~
-
3 O M e p B 3TOM - eAUIiCTBeHHOe Fees payable
noncnopbe. C u
nponucabxMn
Ue r K O CnpaBUTbCX, a
U U + ~ ~ MA
eWIl TeKCT COCTOUT U 3 n p 0 n U C -
UeHTpUpOBaHUe JlUHUU npOnUCHblX
HLIX U CTPOYHbIX ~ Y K B TO
, BBM -
C A e n y e T ypaBHOBeCUTb npo6e-
ALI H a A BepXHUMU BblHOCHbIMU
Fees payable
3 A e M e H T a M H U c p e ~ H e 6AUHU-
elCnpo6e~a~ u HUXHMMU
IIOA
---- -.--- --*-

BbIHOCHbUlU 3 A e M e H T a M U U AU- BUJyaJlbHOe UeHTpUpOBaHUe

~ u e i ir u p u + ~ a . 3 a ~ cea M~
--
TeKCT IlOACKaXlCeT, K a K er0 CAe-
n y e T U e H T p U p O B a T b , UCXOAX 113
Fees payable
pocra CTpOqHbIX ~ Y K Bkl A A U H ~ I ----------
BbIHOCHbIX 3AeMeHTOB
H m ~ BM3yahbHOe
e BbIpaBHHBaHUe H e HCIIOAb3yeTC54 T a K YaCTO, K a K B T ~ ~ A E I U&~ HXH. ~ I
3XOAOBKOB MeHIIIOTCR, UIHpUHbI KOAOHOK OThllYaWTCII, p a 3 M e p b I AXXHbIX p a 3 H b I e , U BCe
nponmmo npo6e~am.Ees P ~ H ~ H
I aXc T p o e K osem ~ p y g ~ oo6 u ~ b cnrprn e M n e M o r o
BbIpaBHHBZlHXW.
Bb1paB~u~aHM
AaHHbIX
e nOA 3arOAOBKilMH KOAOHOK - OAHa 113 TaKIlX HeIIpHXl'HbIX
IIOBCeAHeBHbIX 3 W a Y . ~WOAOBKH, BbIpaBHEIsaeMbIe no AeBOMy K P m H m A m H b U I H ,
BbIKhIO'IeHHbIMEI T m e BAeBO, M O T BbITAHAeTb IIAOXO, eCAM AaHHbIe 3 H a m e A b H O I I I U p e
3XOAOBKOB. L & ? H T p k i p o ~ a ~ ~ b I e 3XOAOBKH H a AEtHHbIMH m6oro B W a BCeraa Bbm-ST
HeMHOrO CABklHjTbIMH OT U e H T p a ( K ~ O M ~
PeAKHX MHOrOCTpO'IHbIX U e H T P H P O B m H b I X TeK-
CTOB) (PHC. 15.16).
B CaMOM A e A e , K O r A a 3arOAOBOK KOAOHKH COCTOMT H 3 ~ A U H C T B ~ H HCTpOKH,
O~~ 'IaCTO
A y q r u e H e CTapaTbCII BblIIOAHMTb BbIPaBHIIBaHUe KBKUM-TO O C O ~ ~ H H ~CIIOCO~OM.
IM 06b~10
OH BbITjUIAUT IIpeKpaCHO, K O r A a K a X e T C R UeHTpHpOBaHHbIM OTHOCUTeAbHO AaHHbLX,
PaCnOAOXeHHbIX IlOA HHM, HO I I P O v a M M H a t I KOM-a P e n K O BbIIIOAHReT 3TO K a K CAeAy-
eT. T a 6 ~ u w Aa.HHhIe
~e ~a6upawrno- BCerAa BbIKJdOIeHHbIMU I I 0 AeBOMy K p W (T~KCT)
wul no I I p a B O M y K p a W ( Y H C A ~ ) .B m 6 0 C~A p a e , CTapZlXCb U e H T p U p O B a T b 3arOAOBKU,
H a 0 y ~ U T b I B a T bH e TOAbKO TeKCT, HO U npo6e~b1, KOTOPbIe 3aIIOAHIIHYT KOAOHKY. &X
T o r 0 T O ~ ~ I ~ X O A O B O KK a 3 U C 5 4 UeHTpHpOBaHHLIM, CAeAyeT a K l U B H 0 UCIIOAb30BaTb OT-
crynb~cnpasa H mesa.
%O M O X e T n q e 6 0 ~ a K
~PbO ~ O T A U B OH~ ~ C T P O ~ ~ KMeTOAOM
I~ npo6 H OILIH~OK,IlOTO-
MY W O K O r A a BCe AaHHbIe H e O A M H ~ K O B O ~~
LUUPHHbI (XOTX 6 b 1 I I ~ H M ~ ~ HTO
o )H,e T OCHOBbI
ghEI ~ e H T p U P O B ~ M IECAU
I. 3 T 0 TBK, TO, K a K U I l p H UeHTpUpOBaHHH 3XOAOBKOB H W TeK-
CTOM C n p a B b I M + A ~ ~ O B ~ H U .72), B a M CAeAyeT O n p e A e A U T b B H 3 y a h b H b I e
I M~ ~ O ~(GA.
O M
v a H U U b I KOAOHKH H OTHOCUTeALHO HMX UeHTpHPOBaTb 3aTOAOBKH. IIOCKOALKY P B a H b I e
Kparl B T ~ ~ ~ A U Y H ~K
KOAOHKaX TOpa3A0 pa3~006pa3~ee,
VeM B O ~ L I Y H O MTeKCTe, T a K O e
B H 3 y a h b H O e BbIpaBHUBaHHe M O X e T CTaTb I I O W HeB03MOXHbIM. T ~ yX
T HYXHO nPHHH-
M a T b KOMnPOMUCCHbIe PeLUeHUII.
Boo61ue, BbIPaBHHBEtHUe 3arOAOBKOB A e T S e , K O r A a OHM I I I U p e HAU yXe c p e ~ ~ emfUi -
PUHbI AEtHHbIX B K O A O H K Z , TOI'Aa Y BBC eCTb H ~ K O T O P ~IIPOCTOP
I~~ npo6 H O I I D ~ ~ O K .
K o r ~ aIIIUpUHbI 3arOAOBKOB H AEtHHbIX IIYeeK O s e H b 6 - 3 ~ ~ ,~ a h e f i l l ~ OTKAOHeHHII
~le
cpa3y ~ ~ M ~ T H L I .
364 Yacmb 11. Kale aepcmamb melccm

PEIC. 15.16. E ~ a r o n a p s060- Algeria, population by region (cont.)

3HaYeHHbIM npo6ena~M e X n y Population
KOAOHKaMU (BB~PXHSR T a 6 h M - Region Population per kma
ua) BbI MOX€Te 3 a M a T b CyLUe- Ech-Cheliff 1,260,000 145
C%
l 3yIOUHe n p o 6 n e ~ b BbIpaBHH-
r Laghouat 354,427 3.1
s a H n x . B STOM c n p a e ~ y ~ r u ~ l Batna 1 646,330 43
cnoco6 gOCTkiYb PapMOHA'IIIOTO Bejafa 600,320 174
Bislaa 615,015 5.6
BbIPaBHMBEIHEiX MeHcAy 3arOAOB-
BCchar 174,568 I 0.48
K a M U M KOAOHKaMM AaHHbIX - El-Boula~da 1,041,487 281
S T 0 H a C T O H T b nillXHbIe TaKWM Bouira 412,225 93
06pa30~,~ 0 6 b OHM
1 Ka3ELAMCb Tamanrasset 57,852 0.1
OTQeHTpkipOBaHHbIMU OTHOCA- Tebessa I 392,188 23
TeAbHO CBORX 3aTOAOBKOB
Tiimein 620,540 66
Tizi-Ouzou 959,640 28
(HAXHSIX ~ a 6 ~ n u aECAM
) . BbI-
P a B H H B a H U e IIO A ~ C X T U Y H O ~
TOYKe CO3AaeT HePOBHOCTb, K a K
B C ~ M IOI ~~ ~ KOAOHKe,
B o ~ npU-
Algeria, population by region (cont.)
n e T c s n o 6 n ~ a ~ b c6aha~cnpo-
c a
Popuiatfon
BaHHOCTU n O n O A H U T e A b H b I M U Region Area Population per kmz
H~CTPO~K~MM
Ech-Cheliff 8,676.7 1,260,000 145
Laghouat 112,052.0 354.427 3.1
Batna 14,881.5 646,330 43
Bejai'a 3,442.2 600,320 174
Bish 109,728.0 615,015 5.6
Bechar 306,000.0 174,568 0.48
EI-Bouldida 3,703.8 1,041,487 281
Bouira 4,517.1 412,225 93
Tamanrasset 556,000.0 57,852 0.1
Tebessa 16,574.5 392,188 23
Tiimein 9,283.7 620,540 66
Tizi-Ouzou 3,756.3 959,640 28
 ~ H c A B KOAOHKaX
~ O ~ ~ I P H BbIPPBHHBaIOTCR
O ?lo
Jec~muunou"mozllce (decimal-align). TO s ~ a s m ,TO nce
AeCXlWYHbIe TOYKH B KOAOHKe 06pa3ym~B e p T H K a h b -
HYKI A H H H ~ a, UIIC&P~Ip a c n p e A e n x m T c x no 06e CTOPO-
HbI OT H e e . K o r ~ ay 'IHCeA OAHHaKOBOe KOAHYeCTBO
3HaKOB nOCAe TO'IKII, OHII 'IeTKO BbIpaBHHBaIOTCR no
npaBoMy Kpam. (Ha c a M o M A e n e , HX MOXHO n p o c T o
BbIPaBHHBaTb no I I p a B O M y K ~ ~ I O . )
0 6 p a ~ BHUMaHHe
~ ~ e H a TO, ' i T 0 BbIPaBHHBaHMe IIO
~ ~ C ~ Y H O ~ T O Y K ~ H C ~ O A ~ ~ ~ ~ T C I I T O A ~ K O T O ~ ~ ~ , K O ~ Q ; ~
BCe 3HaYeHIIR B KOAOHKe HMeIOT OAHHaKOBYIO p a 3 M e p -
H O C T ~( ~ a n p a ~ enpe ,~ e m ~ y mECAH
) . A ~ C X T M Y H ~TOY-
X
Ka B 0 ~ ~ I0I Y2e f i ~ eOTHOCHTCX K AeHbraM, a HHXe
B I I ' I ~ G KK~ APYrHM Pa3MePHOCTXM ( H ~ I I ~ H M
K TeM-
~ ~ ,
nepaype m u s e ~ y - n u 6 0npyro~y),TO T a K H e a ~ a s e -
HEIS HaAO BbIPaBHHBaTb MHaYe: no AeBOMy KPaIO, I I 0
I I p a B O M y K p a I O HAkl no U e H T p y . B b l p a ~ H u ~ a H t IIO
i e Ae-
CZTIIYHO~~
TO'IKe n O A p a 3 Y M e B a e T , ' I T 0 BCe 3HaYeHHR B
KOAOHKe CPaBHHMbI (PHC. 15.17).
n p 0 6 ~ e ~ C
b ,1L ( e C ~ H Y H b l MBbIpaBHHBaHHeM M O T
B03HHKHYTb B I I p O r p a M M a X , KOTOpbIe CTPOIIT T ~ ~ A H -
UbI, HCIIOAb3YII TeXHOAOrHIO 3AeKTpOHHbIX T ~ ~ A H U .
T a ~ u eE p O r p a M M b I TPBKTYIOT KaXAYIO X Y ~ ~ K )K' a K

High-Season Weather, Velros Beach

June July August September
Average high 74O 86' 91' 81"
temperature
Average low 55" 7lR 74- 68'
temperature PkfC. 15.17. Ecnn YXCAOBbIe
Average number 19 26 27 17 A a H H b I e B KOAOHKe X a p a K T e p H -
of sunny days
3 y m p~a s a b l e + t i s a q e c ~ ~Bee n x -
Average relative 45% 32% 25% 53%
humidity YHHbI, KBK B STOG T ~ ~ A N HX
U ~ ,
Average rainfall 2.3" .8" .2" 3.7" H e BbIpaBHMBaIOT It0 A ~ c I ~ T H ' ~ H o %
TOYKe
OTfieAbHyIo TeKCTOByIo PaMKY, K O T O P O ~ ~
MOXHO IIPUCBiLIlBaTb CTUAH KaK B TeKCTOBbIX
pe,qaKTopax. EI B ~ HI e M o x e T e n p o c T o n a n y ~ a 3 a ~ un peo r p a M M e - B ~ I P O B H X T ~B c e
R ~ erul
f no A ~ C R T H ~ HTOO s~K e . BM~CTO 3TOr0, B W H ~ O ~ X O , ~ I I M O
IlPHCBaEiBaTb 3TOT aTPH-
6yr ~ a x n o iai s e k e . A nepen ~ T U MK a x n o e 3 ~ a s e B~K~a meA y I O x s e i i ~ yc A e A y e T snec-
TH BpYqHYIO. MOXHOI l P U C B O W b a ~ p n 6 y ~ Cb T1m I O , W O ~ L IB b I p a B M B a T b 6 b ~ Aer=Ie,
0 HO
n O X O X e , S T 0 3 a T e M IIpUAeTCR CO3AaBaTb OTAeAbHbIe CTIlnH A M KXKAOZ? KOAOHKU B ~ a6-
AHUe, S T O ~ ~YgeCTb
I YHUKahbHyIo UIHPUHY RW!GKU H AAUHy AaHHbIX B HeG.
3 ~ n paO U e A y p a 3Ha'IUTeAbHO CAOXHee, 9 e M AOAXHB 6 b 1 6 b 1 ~ b ,U OHa M O X e T OKa-
3aTbCSI c A o x H e e ( ~ hnl lo ~ p e 6 o ~ 6onbme
an B ~ ~ M ~ Hsue )M, KOAUpOBa3IUe, IIpUMeHReMOe
B CIIeUHahE13UPOBaHHbIX CUCTeMaX, KOTOpbIe IIpeAIIOWiTaeT ~ O A ~ I L I U H C T B O
U3Aa~eAef?
AAR ~ a 6 0 p aCAOXHbIX T ~ ~ A U U .

EUU W C h a ~a6kiparnc116e3
A e C m ' I H b I X TO'IeK, TO HX BCe p a H O MOXHO B b I p a H E i s a T b XI0
~ e c m s a o iTio s K e , n o c K o N x y B ~ T O Mw p a e n p o r p a M M a c w a e T , s ~ IIO3ULIMR
o aecms-
HOG TO=IKH - n p a e e senoii s a m sucna. %o 06ecnesaaae~c B w c a m e H a nom m6oro
s ~ a ~~ ao ~, o p b rchenym
i i 3a ~ H C A O M( p ~ c .15.18).Tawe B H c r r w i e ~ H ~ KY aUm 0 ~ c n o h b 3 y -
DTCR B UH+POB~IX ~ a 6 m a xo, c o 6 e ~ ~ Bo + U H ~ H C O B ~ I XAoKyMeHTax. K HHM OTHOCRTCR
C K O ~ K H(&AS OTPHUaTeAbHbIX BeAFiYUH, H a n p U M e p , Y~LITKOB), y K a 3 a T e A U CHOCOK U npo6~.
h 6 b 1 e 3HaKU, ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ IbI p1a Be e e A e c m H o f i TO'IKH ( H ~ ~ ~ B M C I I M
OTO M T O , eCTb OHa
+amsecrul m u H ~ T ) ,O T O , ~ B ~ ~ ~ K Y H
TC n p a B o e npo6essoe nohe KOAOHKU.
aR
H p a B n a , H e COBCeM ~ 1 o 6 b 1 e .Hanpmep, B e p X H I i e UHAeKCbI, C03AaHHbIe IIPOrPaMMHO
AASI y ~ a 3 a ~CHOCOK,
m n p o r p a M M a c0sTe-r npocro c n e ~ y m u e isn+poii
i yMeHbmeHHoro
p a 3 ~ e p aH npunon~moiiHW ~ m x e i rupw+~a. i T a ~ u eB H ~ K UH e 6 y n y ~CABUH~TLI H a
nons, ecnu we 6 y ~ nee ~ c m ~ w o i TOYKR,
i T. X. n p o r p a M M a CoYTeT ZIX q a m m U e A o r o
YHCAa. n o A o 6 H b 1 ~06pa30~,e c A H B ~ coanae~e I n p o 6 b y M e H b m e H k I e M p a s ~ e p aw + p ,
I I p O r p a M M a IIpUMeT, no KpZLffHeG M e p e , WiCAUTeAb (a M O X e T Ii BCIo ~p06b)3a 'iaCTb
UeAOrO U H e CABUHeT er0 H a nohe. B 3AeKTpOHHbIX ~ a 6 h ~ ~~0 a0 6 x uH ee T BO3MOXHOCTH
B ~ I H O C U T~~ H ~ K H aHnom.
ACHO,wo ~a~lnyrruIlii cnoco6 n e p e ~ e r y Ye U~C A~O~B ~ I Xs b ~ p a m e ~ n(npo6eG
ii HAM
y ~ a ~ a ~ e nCHOCOK)eii H a nom - TO n p m e H e m e c n e u H a n L H b r x B e p x H n x u HzimHEix UH-
AeKCOB, KOTOPbIe UHOrAa BXOAXT B COCTaB ~ P U ~ T O B ~+I ~XA O B . HO B ~OA~ILIHHCTB~
UIPU+TOB O M OTcyrcTByKm, n 0 3 ~ O ~PEIXOAEITCR
~ y n p u 6 e r a ~ bK XW~OCTRM. Hanp~~ep,
p a 3 M e U e H H e UeAbIX 3 H a s e H H i i C B ~ I K A I ~ Y KBIIpaBO
EIX O~~ B OAHOG KOAOHKe, a BHCRsHX
 Net Assets Consist of:

Paid-in capital $ 4,539,294

Undistributedinvestment income 0
Undistributednet gain (loss) (1,892,592)
Net realized appreciation (depreciation) (31,857)*
$ 2,624,845

PHC. 15.19.T e ~ c r o s b x~ se e c ~ u
B Y M C A O B O ~K O A O H K e O q e H b

3HaKOB -B Ap)Tofi OYeHb ~ 3 ~ KOAOHKe

0 2 C BbIKAIO'I- CO-
TPYAHO T 0 9 H O BLIPaBfIUBaTb.

K 0 f i EIX BAeBO. ECAHM e X A y HUMU H e T npo6e~a,TO PaC-

KpaqeHue <<N/A**nBO ~ ~ o p o i i
KOAOHKe H ~ O ~ X O A M MBLIPOB-
O
CTORHUe M e X d y UeAbIM SEICAOM U BUCRYUM 3HaKOM
HXTL T ~ K ,9 ~ 0 6 ~~Y1K B L I~ L I A E I
CTaHOBUTCR ~ A H ~ K I I K
M eCTeCTBeHHOMY. M IIOCKOAbKY BLIPOBHeHLI no I I p a B O M y K p a m
~ e - 3 B~ ~ I I I O A
K e~p ~H m r sepes r p a n u u b l KOAOHKU, quceh. &si 3 ~ 0 r ox q e i ~ e11eo6-
KaKM-TO lTOCAet[OBaTeAbHOCTb 3HaKOB 6 y ~ Ka3aTbCX
e ~ XOAUMO I I ~ ~ C B O E I oco6~1e
T~ na-
n n o ~ ~ o fai ,K~KM-TO pa3peme~noii.3 a ~ oy ~ a 3 a ~ e ~ paMe'rpb1.
n K p o ~ eTOrO, AaHlIaX
~ a 6 n u u aCOACPXHT u Apyrne
CHOCOK II ~(p0611 B b I r M A R T BeAUKOAeIIHO.
C A O X H b I e CA)"-IQU BMCIIqUX 31m-
PUC~HOK 15.19I'IOKa3bIBaeT ewe OAUH 0 ~ 0 6 b i i iCAY- KOB U B ~ I P ~ B I ~ U B ~ I AI H
a X~ e,
'I&I l p F i M e ~ e ~ l iBMCRYEIX
H 3HaKOB. BO B T O P O ~KOAOHK~
~ B CHOCKaX

Not k l r s and Rrvonurs

Outside
368 Yacma II. Kati cepcmama meticm

B H ~ KCHOCKEI B BbIpameHEiU aN/A**,, M O X e T 6b1'rb He-

IIpaBIlnLHO BLIpOBHeH, IIOTOMy T O B R S e f ~e OTCVCTBY-
T aO1 1 4 e E ~ a~
IOT SUCAOBLIe AaHHbIe, ~ ~ M ~ H3 H pe6ye~
oco6oro CTUR, K O T O P L I ~TPYAHO O ~ ~ C ~ ~ S UnOCKOAL-
T L ,
KY OH H e CBR3aH CO CTEIAeM AAR SUCAOBLIX AaHHLIX B
B L~I l lxe EI H U X e .
R Y ~ ~ K HOT a K K a K 3 T 0 eAkIHCTBeHHaR
S f q e g K a B KOAOHKe C BEICRSNMU 3HaKaMII, TO, M O X e T
6 b 1 ~ b ,B AaHHOM C A p a e A e r S e BLIPOBHRTL BCIO KOAOH-
KY no IIpaBOMy KpalO, a AAR 3Be3AOSeK CO3aaTL OTAeAb-
H p KOAOHKY C BLIpaBHIleM IIO AeBOMy KpalO, EICIIOAL-
3YX TeXHOAOI'kllO, 0nEICaHH)rIO P a H e e .
~ O C K O A L K Y~ A ~ ~ O H T
H~ L
~ AI E~I I I LOrpZWUSIIBaIOT
I
n w I e npenehmu c~oeCimekx, BLI H e c M o m e T e nohy-
Y l f E BUCRSUe 3HitKH CHOCKU, KitK B I I p a ~ 0 KOAOHKe
f ~a6-
AIUlLI H a PHC. 1 5 . 1 9 . 3CBUCaIOrrJEle
~~ 3Be3AOSKEI CAeAye?.
~ a 6 p a B~ w
b e n t ~ 0 fKOAOHKe, KOTOpW Hi3XOnMTCR BHe
HOMUH&HO~ ILIUPHHLI ~ .BLI y n m e AU-
~ a 6 m 4E~ m
~ e Mkm e e K WOE KOAOHKU, TO Bce, n-o O c r m e T c X OT
Hee Ha nevamof CTpamiUe, - TO B m z m H e 3~m.

Net assets by class:

Class A Shares $1,309,853 B C~~HHBHCOBLX ~ a 6 m u Caw~e C T B Y e T IIPEiBliAO: AeHeX-

Class €3 Shares $ 201.774 HLIM CYMMBM A O A X e H IIPeALUeCTBOBaTL 3HaK BaAIOTbI.

Class C Shares $ 147.033 TOT 3HaK 3aHEIMaeT CBOe n O A 0 X e H U e H a HeKOTOpOM
Class P Shares $ 119,358 PaCCTOXHHM OT CaMOrO ILIMPOKOrO W C A a (O~LISHOB T O -
Class Y Shares $ 87,614 Ke <<Total,),KaK n o ~ a 3 a ~
H aop H c y m e 15.20.
Total $1,865,632 B Weahe T ~ K 3HaK
O ~ BahIOTbI A O A X e H pa3MeIIJaTL-
CR C IIOMOIIJLKJ +EIKCMPOB~HHLIX I I ~ O ~ ~ A OPaBHLIX
B,
PHC. 15.20. S H ~ AOAAapa
K LlIMpUHe LIII+P AaHHOrO IIIPII~$TB. K ~ x A L I E npo6en
B I I P ~ B OKOAOHKe
~~ RO3UUUOHIl- M e m A y ~ H ~ K OHM~ E I C A O Mp a 3 ~ e n ax
~ e H~ a xuup~~y
pyeTCR C nOMOIIpl0 n p o 6 e ~ o ~ ,
PaBHbIX LUIlPIlHe UX+P, Il TOH-
OAHOEUU~$PLI. A T a M , I'Ae ~ p e 6 y e ~ c3HaKOMeCTO
a AAR

KIlX npo6enoa, PaBHbIX IlIApIlHe 3 H a K a IIPeIIEIHaHEIR ( ~ B I L F I T OEIAIl

~ T O ~ K H ) ,UCIIOAb3YeT-
sanx~oii cx TOHK& npo6en.
 ECAH B a M HeAOCTylIHbI T a K H e n p 0 6 e A b 1 , MOXHO HCnOAb30BaTb CepHlO UH+p AASI
J303HUHOHHPOBaHEIR 3 H a K a BahIOTbI. 3 a ~ e M
BbIAeAHTb 3TH QHCf3pb1 H IIpEiCBOEfTb EiM NOT-
CyTcTBHe q ~ e ~ (none),
as ecm, K o H e w i o , n p o r p a M M a p a c n o n a r a e T ~ a ~ oCif i3 y ~ ~ ~ I i e i i .
He n p ~ ~ e ~ R i 6ie Tn be1 f i UBeT, ecnn Bbr H e y a e p e a b r , YTO T ~ ~ A H6 Qy ~~ nee q~a T a T b c s H a
6enoii 6 p a r e (6e3 UBeTHOrO OH^). ECAHnpHCyTCTByeT U B ~ T H O+OH, ~ ~ MOXHO npHCB0-
HTb U I I C ~ ~ P ~ MUBeT +OH&
a p y r a BO3MOXHOCTb
~ - IIpHMeHeHHe 3KPaHHbIX AUHeeK, lT03BOASIK)wHX YBXaeTb,
me o K a x e T c a n e ~ b ~~ipi a i si ~ a B~a n Iao T b I B c T p o K e ~ T o t a l n .3 a ~ BeT e~x aseii~ax,me
~pe6yel.c~ OTAeAHTb 3HaK BahlOTbI npo6ena~u,M e X A y 3HaKOM B U l O T b I H YHCAOM p a 3 -
MeCTUTe M ~ X C A O B H ~npo6en I~~ Ii 3 a ~ a G ~ B eS I Y e f i ~ eIIpHHyAHTeAbHyIO BbIKAIOYKY n0
C$O~M~TY (force-j~stify). TO pa3ABHHeT 3HaK B U f O T b I H YMCA0 I I 0 ~ P O T H B O I I O A O X H b I M
CTOPOHaM I I Y ~ ~ ~ KHN~ . K O HI ~ I Y
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B aMepHKaHCKOM B a p H a H T e R3bIKa LJAR UEITaT L J B o ~ ~ HKaBbI9KH

~I~ HCIIOAb3yIOTCII BMeCTO
OLJHHaPHbIX, a OLJHHapHbIe I I p H M e H R ~ C 5 IAAX UHTaTbI B H m H UHTaTbI:

"She called him 'weird', and I agree."

B ~ P E I T ~ H C K OBMa p B a H T e IIpaBHAO npOTHBOIlOAOXHOe:
'She called him "weird", and I agree.'
0 6 p a ~ u BHHMaHBe,
~e YTO BO BTOPOM CA)Tae 3HaKH IIpeIIHHaHHII CTaBRTCII BHe KaBbI-
YeK, eCAH TOAbKO OHH H e RBARH3TCR 9aCTbH) UHTaTbI.
B aMepIlrtaHCKOM B a p H i W T e TOYKa HAH 3aIIHTaJI CTaBRTCR BHYTPH KaBbIYeK:
"I really must be going," she said.
The senator said the legislation was "dead."

"I really must be going", she said.

The senator said the legislation was "dead".
 3 78 Yacma II. Kalc eepcmama melccm

T O Y BKCOKpXUeHHOM
~ CAOBe 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0y ~ a 3 b l s a e me
~ , CAOBO o 6 p b m a e ~ cM~ ,CI.lrHELIH3H-
p y e T , YTO npononmems ero H e 6 y n e ~ e p ,rnisc.). T ~ HM
( ~ a n p ~ ~cont., e M e H e e , B aMepM-
KaHCKOM ~ H ~ A & C K O MIIPUHXTO ~ 0 6 a ~ TOYKY ~ r nTaM, r A e OHa KrWeTCR H ~ H Y X H O ~ ~ :
Mr., Mrs. a T. A. B ~ P E ~ T B H C K O M
B a p U a H T e R3bIKa B TaKMX CAy%i.XX TOYKP H e CT~BUTCR:
Mr, Mrs, Revd, Dr H St.

n p H0 6 0 3 ~ a 9 e mT e~M n e p a T y p b I B aMepIlKaHCKOM CTUAe H a 6 U p a e T c R BCe B b I p r W e H H e

6e3 npo6eno~:12 "C,212 "F. ~ ~ U T X I C Kme U ~
CTkClb
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YeHReM ~ e ~ n e p a ~ y p r u~ ~o ai ni H
b o~c T a s h c r e T M e m a y HHMH M 'IMCAOM T O H K U ~UAU
~ ~epaa-
b ~ f i 12 "C,212 "F. H e p a s p ~ m ~ bnpo6en
p b ~ ~ ~npo6en: G H ~ O ~ X O A MAAR
M Toro, ~ ~ 0 6 6 1

I B b I p a X e m e H e p a 3 p b l B U O C b B KOHUe CTPOKM.

ki3 BCeX ~ B ~ o I I ~ ~ c K
X3bIKOB
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P~E ~I H I J Y ~ c KR3bIKa
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anrnkiiic~oro.B OCHOBHOM ~ T UOTAMYUR K a c a m T c x CIIOCO~OB pac-
B c e r o O T A H Y ~ T C ROT
cTaHoani npo6enoa. K p o ~ ne e p e w c A e a a b l x nanee O T A M Y N ~ ~B, c e O c T u L H b I e n p a B u A a
B ~ H ~ A H ~ ~ CU
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K O MC0BII;WaHIT.

K ~M
KB ~PUT~HCKOM
Bapname a ~ r n uCfK O ~ On a r u y T c R 6e3 TO'IKH COKpaLLIeHHR, T a K H e
KaK: M (Monsieur), Mme (Madame), St (Saint) EI T. a.
 K O ~ O T KT HOp~e O ~ L I Y H OHCIIOAb3YeTCX TBM, r A e B ~ H ~ ~ I ~ G C -
K OAAHHHOe,
M HO ne-
pea KHM H IIOCAe H e r D CTaBHTCX MeXCAOBHbIe n p o 6 e ~ b 1 .( & W ~ H H OTEipe
~ T O X e HCnOAL3y-
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npo6enoa.) BM~CTO KOpOTKOrO T H p e , KOTOpOe B ~ H M H ~ ~ C K O HCIIOAb3YeTCII
M AAH BLIpa-
m e H m f i u a n a s o ~ amcen, n p a M e I i r r e T c s ~e+~c:

M ~ o r o ~ o ' I H eHCnOAb3yeMOe
, AAX y K a 3 a r u l X p a 3 p b I B a B IIOBeCTBOBaHHH HAH BbICKa-
3bIBaHHH, ~ a 6 H p a e ~ c6X
e3 npo6e~a,II03TOMY MOXHO B TaKHX CHTYaUHRX BBOAHTb Cne-
U H & l b ~ b e 3HaK (...). ~ O C MHOrOTO'IHS?
A ~ CTBBHTCX M ~ X C A O B H ~ I npo6en:
G

Film sur le cinema, sur sa folie, sur ses travers, sur son cauchemar ... ce qui confirme
ce qu'on savait deja: Rossi est un explorateur hors pair de l'imaginaire.
K o r ~ aHMX HMeeT c ~ ~ + A cTO, OH COXPaHXeTCX TlPH COKPaIUeHMRX, Il03TOhl)'
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( x a x~ a Pycco)
~ nnrueTcx K~KJ. Rousseau. T a ~ ~HlHeH U H ~ A ~ I
~ a 6 u p a m ~ 6e3
c x npo6e~a.

BO ( P ~ ~ H u ~ ~ c KTeKCTaX
Hx IIpHMeHIIeTCX ~ H ~ A H G C K HCTIlAb G UIlTHPOBaHHX, a HMeHHO eTO
~ P I T T ~ H C KBHa ~
pH~ a H T . XOTXBMeCTO ~ H ~ A U ~ ~ C KaBbI'IeK KHX IIPHMeHXH)TCX KaBbIYKH-
4eAOYKHD (0) (guillemets). OTTeKCTa, K O T O P ~ IOXBaTbIBaH)T, ~~ OHH OTaeAIIHYI'CX HAH TOH-
KHMH n p o 6 e ~ aHAH ~ ~ H, e p a 3 p b I B H b l M H n p o 6 e ~ a ~ a :
<< C'est une mode n, estime-t-il.
H H ~ I I p e n m a H U X B UHTaTe T a K X e a H U O r H Y H 0 ~ P H T ~ H C K O M Y .
~ c I I o A ~ ~ o B ~3H2lKOB
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~IcKAICIWZIU~M
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B OCHOBHOe n p e & A O X e H H e . B 3TOM C A p a e , OKOHYaTeAbHaX TOYKa, KOTOpaR M O X e T IIpH-
H a A A e X a T L ti UEiTaTe, T e M H e M e H e e , BbIHOCIlTCX 3 8 I I p e A e A b I KaBbIYeK, IIOCKOAbKy CsH-
TaeTCX, ' I T 0 O H a - 'IaCTb n p e & A O X e H H X , KOTOpOe BKAKJVaeT YHTaTY:

Le sommaire a dit que son nouveau film est un << psycho-thriller au feminine
qui mele habilement la romance et l'horreur. 11 s'est forge une reputation d'ceuvre choc .
380 Yacma I1 Kalc sepcmama rnelccm

<< C'est un gouvernement de proche de Jacques Chirac,

souligne Francois Hollande, et en matiere d'ouverture,
je ne crois pas que ce soit le meilleur syrnbole. ,,

Elle regarda, malgre, le siege arriere.

- I1 n'y a pas de monsieur.
- Mais si, dit-il. Ou on met les bagages. Tu sais bien.

!
*, H A P F e 3HaKH, HCIlOAb3YeMbIe AAII 3HaKOB CHOCOK U HHAeKCOB.

'
- (KOPOTKO~THpe, KpOMe CAy.IaII, KOr&a3a HHM CAeAyeT TOSKa, KOTOPaR ~ a 6 a p a e ~ -
crr 6e3 npo6e~a).
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'IaT O
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MH IIpOnHCHbIMH ~ ~ K B ~ M H .

B0 EPPPHLIY~CKOMR3bIKe Ha3BaHHR MeCHUeB, 3 a IICKAIo'IeHHeM HCTOPElYeCKHX AaT, HaYH-

H a m c s i co CTPOYH~IX 6 y ~ ~ :

7 3 j ~ i l l e (t 0 6 b 1 9 ~ Ua a ~ a )HO
, 14 Juillet (&HL B3SiTIIX 1;ac~EmHH)

B a p e c e C n p o n u c H b I x 6 y nHLLIyTcII
~ ~ TOAbKO I l M e H a C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ I ~ :
14 boulevard Paul Bert

B 3aIIMCII 'IHCeA B KaYeCTL3e ~ ~ ~ c I I T M ' I TO'IKII

H o ~ ~ HCnOAb3YeTCR 3 a n R T U . A TBM, me
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X3LIKe HCIIOAb3YeTCII TO'IKa:

1.000.000.00
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IIpeIIHKaHHII ( ~ Z t n p M ~ e B
p ,O ~ ~ O C M T ~ A ~ H ~UCIIOAb3YeTCII
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n o c n e ~ p m ~ lnpo6en
ii coxpameTca npemmM.
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c n e A y e T ~ e m ~ h o ~npo6en. i x e anoc~po+c l e n y e T 3a cornac~oii(d'italiano), TO
npo6en H e CT~BUTCII.

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Bce c y r r z e c r ~ m e ~ b ~~ ab 6~ ~e p a l o ~ccnrpro n E i c H b I x ~ Y K B .
k i c n o ~ b 3 y e ~ cHeCKOAbKO
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!xt" + Ist-line
indent

custom h&j
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386 Yacme 11. K U Kaepcmame mdltcm

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PEC. 17.2. A l i a r p a ~ ~ nao,K a - Text Title

3 b I B m W m O'rHOLUeHEISI M e m y
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PHC. 17.3. Cosna~xreCUMBOAL-

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A l t k e ~ SimultaneOusl~
the Style-0-Matic" dialog box.
AOCTUCH AOKyMeRT CO CTEAHMH, KOTOPLIe BbI H e Ha-
M e p e H b I NCnOAL3OBaTb H n t l XOTElTe IIePeCMOTpeTb, TO nocne npuMetieHMn a63au~orocTnns
M O X e T e YAaAHTb BCe H e H Y X H b I e C T U H . Holding down the Ctrl and the
E C A H B a r n TeKCT - flOKYMeHT B ~ P O P M TeKCTO-
~T~ Alt key simultaneously opens
B u r 0 P e A a K T U P a (T. e. IlpOCTO A A H H H J ~TeKCT, ~ a 6 p a ~ - the Style-0-Matice dialog box.
HLIG K a K OaNH ~ A O K ,I l e p e x o ~ H J 4 & CO CTpaHHUbI H a
~ T p a w l ~ yTO) , 3 T 0 CAeAaTb AerKO. B b ~ e n m BeCb e TeKCT
B A o K y M e m e N n p H c ~ o i i T ee M y C T M ~no
~ style, a s a ~ e ~
y , g m T e B c e c T a p b I e emu. C P o p ~ a r n p o s a ~ ~e
JOKY-
M e H T a COXpiWITCR, XOTX I I ~ o N ~ o % Z p~a ~
3 pTL I B CBX3II
C T H A ~C ~TeKCTOM, N BbI M O X e TbTelS&
%
ly CTHAH 6e3
BCHKUX nocne~mxii.
EcAM 0 6 c y x ~ a e ~ b 1 AOKyMeHT
ii CO3aaH B I I p O r p a M -
M e BepCTKH, TO CAeAyeT CHaYaAa BbIAeAHT% BeCb CIIAOlu-
HOG TeKCT AOKyMeHTa H IIpNCBOHTb e M y CTElAL I20 style.
TO OCTaBHT BCe T H I I o ~ P ~ * H ' I ~ c K HYCTaHOBKN
~ HeH3-
MeHHbIMH, HO HCKNO'INT CBH3H C OIIpeAeAeHHbIMH CTH-
MMN. S ~ T BbI
~ MM O X e T e BOCIIOAb30BaTLCR *YHKUH~~
IIOHCKa H 3 a M e H b I ( K O T O P ~ XM O X e T OTbICKaTb TeKCT IIO
IIpHCBOeHHOMy CTW), H~
'ITo~ ~ ~I T TeKCTOBbIe
I I 3Ae-

CTHMH e O X B a T b I B W T BCeX I I a p a M e T p O B +OPM~THPO-

BaHHR, KOTOpbIe M O X H O ItpHMeHXTL K AOKYMeHTY.
BO MHOlMX C A F a R X , C IIOMOIUbH3 c ~ m e i BbI
i TOAbKO
~ a 6 p a c b l ~ a ~eH~PeO K E l M N
M a 3 K a M H O Q O ~ M A ~ HTeK-
N ~
CTa, a 3 a T e M B p F H y I o BbIIIOAHXeTe IIIANCPOBKYMeA-
KHX ~ e ~ a h e jCi n
. e u ~ + m e c ~ t lnea p a M e T p L 1 , K o T o p b I e
 onpeaensmcrr ~ p y s ~ y Hm~, ~ ~ I B ~ I O~odup5ugupymgu-
TCR
AU ycrnalloenuu (overrides) HAM n e p e o n p e d e ~ e ~ u u u ,
OHH H3MeHRIOT YCTaHOBKH HAH I I a p a M e T p b I , KOTOPbIe
HMeIOTCR B CTHARX. ~ P O T P ~ M M06b14~0
~I yKa3blBaK)T
HahElYHe TaKHX M O ~ E I ~ E I ~ H ~ ~ YCTaHOBOK
I C J ~ M X C IIOMO-
mbIO 3HaKa f, CAeAyIoWerO 3a UMeHeM CTHAX, K O r A a
KYPCOP HaXOAHTCX B "PeAeAaX TeKCTa, OT@OPM~TI~PO-
BZLHHOTO 3THM CTHAeM (PEIC. 17.5).
n p a ~ ~Kaa K, H e H3MeHeHHR CTHAX KPOIOTCR 38 T a -
KUM nAIOCOM, MOXHO TOAbKO AOraAbIBaTbCX. ECAMBLI
CaMH H e IIOMHHTe, 4 T O OTMeHRAU, H H e T HHKaKHX BH3Y-
a h b H b I X IIPH3HaKOB, TO O 9 e H b TPYAHO Y3HaTb, W O HMeH-
HO H3MeHElhOCL B TeKCTe B p e 3 y A b T a T e 3 T O r 0 PY4HOrO
~ O P M ~ T X P O B Z L H E I R~ . A I O CM O X e T 0 3 H a Y a T b , 4 T O ~ L I A U
KaKHe-TO PYYHbIe H ~ C T P O ~ ~ nKaH
p a M e T P O B I I I P H C P T ~( ~ a -

PHC. 17.5. B TIIIIuYHo% IIaAHT- npaMep, T ~ ~ K I I H ~ ~ ) . BOSMOXHO,a 6 3 a u ~ b 1 i Ci m A b ~ L I A

pe C T H A ~ElMX
~ ~ CTIIAR COIIPO- H a A O X e H H a C H M B O A ~ H ~ II I~P~U, C B O ~ H H ~9 Ia~C~ m a 6 3 a -
B O X A B e T C R 3HBKOM +, KOrAB ua. K p o ~ eTOrO, HeKOTOpbIe a 6 3 a r r ~ b i en a p a M e T p b l
B npeneAax
KYPCOP H ~ X O A I I T C R
B YaCTH a63aua M O r A I l 6 b l ~ bU3MeHeHbI BpY9HYIO.
+ p a r ~ e ~T e~K caT a , K O T O P ~ I ~ ~
T o r 0 YTOG~I O n p e A e A U T b 06nac-m TeKCTa C p F -
~ L I AO T ~ O P M B T I I P O B B H K B K
C IIOMOIUbH) C T I m R , T a K II B p y Y -
HLIM ( P o p ~ a m p o ~ a ~ p a~3l ~e e~m, m e~ y p c o pB H a Y a -
HYH). TO n a e T BOSMOXHOCTL ne a63aua H n e p e ~ e ~ a ero k e CHMBOA 3 a CUMBOAOM,
o n p e a e n g i n , TO B ~ ~ H H OZrac-
% n O K a H e IIORBHTCR 3HaK + B n W T p e C T H A ~HAH, ~ ~ Ha-
TII T e K C T B IAN BLIIIOAHeHbI O ~ O P O T ,n o K a H e H C Y ~ ~ H E ~Tcm . OH ~ 0 0 6 m H e e 11cqe3a-
p y . I H b I e YCTBHOBKII, H B I I p t I M e p ,
eT, TO M O ~ E I ~ H ~ E I ~ Y I OYCTaHOBKa
ILI~R KaCaeTCR BCerO
TpeKkiHrB

&AX TOT0 9 ~ 0 6 b 1H 3 M e H e H m b IIIPN@TOBO~ O @ O P M A ~ -

HHe, IIOAgaC ~ p e 6 y e ~ c0 9a e H b MHOrO BPeMeHH. K ~ u K -
n b l f i p a 3 BbI Bb1H)'XAeHLI IIpOCMaTPHBa3-b CIIHCOK B MeHIO
I I I ~ H @ ' O B ,H a 9 T O YXOAST CCKYHAbI, KOTOpbIe MOTAH 6 b 1
COKpaTHTb B p e M R p a 6 0 ~ b 1 .
 ~ O S T O M YnOAe3HO C nOMOIIJLI0 c T H A ~ GBBOAHTb p i - 3 H a ~ HH CneUCHMBOAbI. CTHAH
y c ~ o p mnpouecc ~ a 6 o p Ka a n m e u m , + o p ~ a m p o ~ aM~a m p x e p o B CHOCOK, ~ b 1 6 o p asa+p
l ce T L l x npo6ef c n o i v o w b r o c n e u w a n b -
c T a p o r o CTHM H M H o r o r o ~ p y r o r oI. I o c ~ p o e ~n~p o
HLIX C T H A ~ AAR
~ ~ Y H c A H T ~ AH~ ~ 3 H a ~ e H a ~ e A eCTaHeT
G TaKHM Xe IXPOCTLIM, KBK ~ a 6 o p
O~LI~HLIX u~+p.
n p O C T a R 3 a M e H a IIpRMOrO 1 l l p H + ~ a KYPCHBHLIM 6 o ~ e e~ + + ~ K T M B H O BLIIIOA-
HReTCR C IIOMOIIJbW CTMA&, 0 Y e M rOBOpHTCS3 B CAeAyIoILlehl p a 3 A e A e .

&AX T o r 0 Y T O ~ L IB AAHHHOM AOKYM2HTe ~ 3 6 e x a Y~TbO M H T ~ A L H O3aMeHbI

~ CTHA~G,CTOHT
HMeTL CTHAH A a X e AAR MHHHMaALHMX P I ~ M ~ H ~~ H
OM~ M~ ~~ T M ~ O B ~ H aM
IIp
IHI M
, e p , CMe-
HLI UpBMOrO L l l p H + ~ a H a KYPCHBHLI~.B CaMOM A e A e , nOAe3HO HMeTL A a X e HeCKOAbKO
CTlUefi, BbIIX0NIIIK)IIlUX OAHO H TO Xe. TO AaCT B03MOXHOCTL B I I O A H O ~M e p e BOCnOAL30-
BaTLCR C $ ~ H K U H ~ ~ IIOHCKa H 3aMeHbI ~ e f i OYeHL ~ ~ I C T P O I ' O+OPM~THPOB~HHII.
H a n p ~ ~ enpeACTaBLTe
p, KHHTY, n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ yTOG,m B K O T O P O ~Ha3BaHHR KAaBHLll O+OP-
M n e H b I KYPCHBOM: "Then press the return key". H e ~ p y n ~A oo n y c T m b p a 3 s ~ ~~ 0 ~6 e~ 1 -
TI&, npki KOTOPOM B A P ~ Tn o ~ p e 6 o ~ a nsa c
a ~~ e K~y pac a s a H a n o n y x ~ p ~ b~ ~Hi i+ T :"Then
press the return key". Ecaa B K H H R K ~ ) K A ~+ I~~ X M ~TeKCTa H T KYpCHBHOrO H a s e p T a -
HEfH ~ L I AO T ~ O ~ M ~ T E I P O BC ~IIOMOIUbIO
W CTEmR, TO 3 T 0 0 4 e H b n p O C T a R I I p O U e A y p a -
IIpoiiTPi no BCeMy AOKyMeHTJ' C nOMOIULro C~)YHKUMEIIIOHCKa H 3aMeHLI AAR TOrO, 9~06b1
peIIIHTL B KaKOM C A y Y a e H y X H O H3MeHRTL CTImL, a B KaKOM H e T ( ~ e . KypCHBOM
4~ MOrYT
BbIAeARTLCR H e TOAbKO Ha3BaHHR KAaBHLU B K H H ~ ~ ) .
T a ~ o eA ~ G C T B HKaXeTCSI
~ MeAOYblo, HO K O r A a B a M IIpEiAeTCR B e p C T a T L KHHrY
B 500 CTpaHMY, BOSMOXHO, BLI CTaHeTe AYMaTL HHalle.

A 6 s a u ~ b 1 eCTHAH - 3TO H e TOAbKO Y A O ~ C T B O~ O P M ~ T E I P O B ~ H HOHPI

X. T a K X e HBAEIXOTCB
MeTKaMH, O T O ~ ~ ~ X ~ I ~ I I JHH
e pM
a pHX H s e C K y K ) CTPYKTYPY AOKyh'leHTa. ECAHBbI CTaHeTe
I I X TBK PaCUeHHBaTb, TO OHM IIpHHeCYT MHOrO IIOAb3LI.
CTEIAH A M 3arOAOBKOB H nOA3arOAOBKOB, H a n p H M e p ; M O T Y CTitTb H A ~ H T E I C ~ ) M K ~ -
TOpaMH, no KOTOpbIM I I P O r p a M M a aBTOMaTHYeCKH CO3AaCT OrAaBAeHHe. ~ O A O ~ H L I M
0 6 p a 3 0 ~CTHAH n o ~ n ~ c eIIOMOryT
H CO3AaTb CIIHCOK M M I O C T P ~ L I H ~C
~ . A O BO~T, ~ ~ ~ O P M ~ T H -
Glossary, AerKO H3BAeVb AAH CAOBapH, XOTH BHeUIHe OHH
pOBaHHbIe, H a I I p H M e p , CTHAeM
HIlYeM H e ~ Y A Y TOTAHYaTbCH OT OKpyXaIoLLlerO TeKCTa.

ECAH BbI HMlTOPTHPYeTe CTHAb C TaKHM Xe H M e H e M H 3 OAHOrO AOKyMeHTa B A p y r 0 6 , TO

L ~ H ~ M O X ~ 6Tb 1 ~ b ,
yme C ~ U X ~ C T B ~ I O LCTMAb.
~ O A ~ L U H H C T BnOp O r p a M M IIpOCTO 3 a M e H R e T
BaM 6 y ~ I Iep e~A A O X e H O H3MeHHTb MMH CTHAR H a A p y r O e , HO, K a K IIpaBHAO, BLI HMIIOp-
T H p y e T e O A H O H M ~ H H ~CTHAb
I~ HMeHHO IIOTOMY, ZIT0 HOBLIG AyZIIUe TOrO, K O T O P ~ I %
yme eCTb.
Korna BM HMIIOpTHpYeTe CTElAb, B a X H O , ' I T O ~ ~OH
I 6 b 1 HCXOAHbIM
~ (POAUT~A~CKHM),
a H e OAHHM H 3 IIOTOMKOB. k i ~ a BbI
~ eIIOAy'IHTe ~ e n 0 ~ ~ bCTHAb,I f i K O T O P L I ~OCHOBbIBaeT-
~
CII H a CTHAe, H B A R I O ~ e M C R3AeMeHTOM COBCeM APYrOrO AOKyMeHTa.
K a s e r T s o ~ a 6 o p reacra
a ~ ~ B H C HOT
T Y C T ~ O ~ C TH
Ba~ ,
KOTOpOe BbI BbIBOAIITe TeKCT. 9 e M BbIIIIe pa3peLLIeHHe
BbIBOAHOrO YCTPO~CTBB, T e M T O Y H e e 0~06paxe~~e
IIIpH+Ta H Y n P a B A e H H e n03HUHOHHPOBaHHeM K a X A O -
ro a ~ a ~no
a .M e p e yMeHbmeHurr pa3pe111e~~x B A H R T ~
H a n p o 6 e n b 1 BCe T p y A H e e . ~ ~ ~ C T B H T ~ AK~o H
r nO
a ,
LLIpHCllT, n p e ~ H a 3 H a Y e H ~ bAGM Y C T P O ~ ~ C T B
C~BbICOKHM
p a s p e r u e ~ ~0e ~~ 0, 6 y c ~ p o i i c ~ ~c aHxH ~ -
p a X a e ~H~a E
KHM p a 3 p e r n e ~ a e BaIIIH
~, ero y n y s m e H H m
~ C H A H I Ino
npmecyT T O A ~ K OB p e n . Pa6o~aco XLI~H@OM maparno-
3aBHCHMa, I4 3 T a r A a B a PaCCMaTpHBaeT, YTO H e o G x o -
AMMO A e A a T b , AAR T o r 0 Y T O ~ ~ I
YYeCTb 3T0 OGCTOR-
TeAbCTBO.

Y ~ BbIIIIe
M pa3pemeeae y c ~ p o i i c ~ sKOTOpOe
a, o~o6pa-
X a e T IIIPH@T, T e M MeHbLUe TOYKH, H 3 KOTOPbIX CTPO-
IITCR ~ Y K B E aM
~I In p 0 6 e h b 1 M e X A y ~ ~ K B ~ M c n ,e n o s a -
TeAbHO, T e M AyYIIIe BbIrAXnHT TeKCT. K ~ yXe
K
0 6 c y m n a ~ o c ba 2-4. 1 , p a 3 A H Y H b I e TeXHOAOrHH peIIp0-
AyUHpOBaHEIR I I p e A A U a H 3 T pa3AIFIHylO C T e n e H b TOYHO-
CTEl n p H OAHHaKOBbIX pa3peUIeHElrrX, HO, B o 6 4 e ~YeM ,
sbIme paspemea~e,T e M nprue.
n p H p a 3 p e r r r e ~ ~CBbIIIIe
H 1000 TOYeK H a , 4 I O h I (dpi)
nahb~eiirueey s e m Y e H H e p a 3 p e r u e m r r H e C~MIIIKOM cKa-
~ ~ I B ~ ~wa T TOYHOCTH
C R onpenenearn npo6eno~.T a o e
p a 3 p e L L I e H H e 3KBHBaAeHTHO 14 T O Y K a M H a nYHKT,
a 1/14 n y H K T a - 3TO AOBOAbHO M ~ A K H3 A~ e M e H T .
400 Yacma II. Kalt oepcmama meltcm

B eAHHHUaX K e p H H H r a npo6en T a K O r O p a 3 M e p a AAR ILIpH+Ta K W A R 10 C O C T a B M e T OKO-

o f i TO M e H b r u e , Y e M 0 6 b 1 ~ ~ 0I Iep H p a l 4 e H H e K e p H H H r a H M e H b I I I e
A 0 0,007 ~ e r e ~ b ~(em).
IIOAOBHHbI CaMOrO MeAKOrO 3HaYeHHR, KOTOpOe BCTpeYaeTCR B ~ a 6 ~ ~ Kue paH HxH r a .
C T O s K H S P e H H R T H I I o ~ ~ ~ + H K HO ,C H O B H O ~I I P H ~ M H OIlpHMeHeHMR
~ p a 3 p e U I e H K R CBbI-
rue 1 000 dpi a s n R e T c a mename y ~ y ~ r Kua q~e c T~ B bo p a c ~ e p ~ 3 a um~pua + ~ a ,o c o 6 e ~ -
HO I I p H MeAKHX KerARX. ~ O T O H ~ ~ O aBTOMaTbI
~ H ~ I C ~ p a 3 p e L L I e H H e M CBbIIIle 2 000 dpi
C 0 3 A a H b I AAR BbIBOAa r p a + H ~ H , IIOCKOAbKy KaYeCTBO P a C T p H p O B a H H R + 0 ~ 0 r p a + H f i H
UBeTHbIX ~ 3 0 6 p a r n e ~3 a~MieiT H O yAyYL.laeTCX n p H ~ a A b H e & L l e M pOCTe pa3peLUeHHR.

@ ~ K T o ~ OIIpeAeAXIoWHe
~ I , 'IeTKOCTb ILIPHC~~TB
npn neYaTn
~ ~ T K O C
ILIpH+Ta
T ~ - 3 T 0 H e TOAbKO +YHKUHX pa3pemeHHR. B 3TOM OTHOIUeHHH M e p H -
AOM K a Y e C T B a M O X e T C A Y X H T b + O T O H ~ ~ O P H ~ IaBTOMaT,
~% +H
EICIIOA~~)~IOLU O ~T ~O ~ A ~ H K Y
AAR C03AaHHR n 0 3 H T H B H O r O HAH H W a T H B H O r O ~ 3 0 6 p a m e ~P~az3. ~ e p3 e p H a CBeTOYyB-
C T B M T ~ A ~ H3MYAbCHH
O~ H a n A e H K e II03BOAReT ~ O P M H ~ O B
XeCTKYIO
~ T ~ TOYKY (hard dot),
II03TOMY ~ 3 0 6 p a X e H H IIOAyYaeTCR
e P e 3 K H M H TOYHbIhl. ~ P U H T ~ IP I ~~ IR M on ~e Y a T H , H e -
nOCpeACTBeHH0 I I e Y a T a I o W H e H a G p a r y , CKAOHHbI ~ O P M H P O B ~ T TOYKY
L C MRrKHMH K p a -
RMH, H ILIPH+T IIOAyYaeTCR H e T a K H M YeTKHM.
60AbLLI)TO P O A b H r p a e T T a K X e Gpara, IIOCKOALKY ee LIIepOXOBaTOCTb H BIIHTbIBaIO-
wax c n o c o 6 ~ o c MOT
~ b L a p a c T e K a H H e M a T e p H a h a ( O ~ ~ I Y Hs Oe
B A H ~H ~ h~ o ~ e p a ) ,
p ~ ~m
YTO T O X e Y M e H b I I l a e T Pe3KOCTb TOYeK. LLIPH+T H a +OTO+OPM~, KOT0PZi.X BbIBeAeHa
H a ~ O T O H ~ ~ O ~ aBTOMaTe
H O M C BbICOKHM pa3peLLleHMeMl T e p R e T CBOIo YeTKOCTb I I p H nesa-
T H H a M X ~ K O ~ ?~, ~ I ~ P O X O B H
~ TA W
OK ~ ~ r u l T b 1 ~ a I o I U6ep~a r e . ~ ~ Y ~ T H H ra3eT
~O K H H TeAe-
+ O H H ~ I X CIIpaBOYHHKOB H e T p a T m CAHJIlKOM GOA~IIIHX Y C M ~ ~H ?a nOAy=IeHHe I I I p H + T a
BbICOKOrO K a W C T B a , nOCKOAbKY HH3KOe KaZIeCTBO 6 p CBOAHT
~ Ha~ H e T BCe YCHAHR.

K o r ~ nae s a T b B b I n o n H r r e T c x c p a 3 p e r u e ~ H~ me u~e 600 dpi, c n e A y e T n p H 6 e r H y ~ bK HeKO-

TO
T O p b I M KOMneHCaTOpHbIM H ~ C T P O ~ K ~ M . O C O ~ ~ H HHO~ O ~ X O A H M OK,O r A a T a K O e BbI-
BOAHOe Y C T P O ~ C T B O HCIIOAb3YeTCR AAR IIOAyYeHHR +OTO+OPM~I, C ~ 0 ~ 0 CO3AaIOTCR
~ 0 %
+OPMLI AAR o+ce~aoiin e s a - r H .
4 nyHma @ 300 dpi PklC. 18.1. Ecna ILIPU+T, Hane-
Z I ~ T ~ H H ~ CI Bp a 3 p e I I I e H N e M

Srna.11type
6 nYHKTOB @ 300 dpi
I .L
300 dpi NAN 600 dpi, y n e m w T L ,
TO CTaHOBHTCX XCRO, ZIT0 AAX
O T O ~ ~ ~ X C ~ H3IIaKOB
IIR NCIIOAb3y-
e T c x H e CAUILIKOM M a o r o 3 ~ e -
MeHTOB. LUPN+T AAX 3HaKa

Small type
CHOCKU, ~ a 6 p a ~ ~ bK Ie rHn e M 4,
B b I m X A I I T OZIeHb IIAOXO, XOTR N
NHAeKCbI, ~ a 6 p a H H b 1 K
e erAeM 6,
T o x e He nyqrue
9 IlyHKTOS @ 300 dpi

Small type
4 nyHua @ 600 dpi

Small tvtx
6 nYHKTOB @ 600 dpi
# I

Small type
9 nYHKTOB @ 600 dpi

Small type
H p H HeBbICOKOM p a 3 p e I I I e H H H ILIPH+T A O A X e H 6b1Tb C A e r K a K p y I I H e e , Y e M 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0 .
CHOCKH, H a I I p H M e p , AOAXHbI H ~ ~ H P ~ TK~e rCA eXM , 60nee ~ A M ~ K HKMK e r m OCHOBHOrO
ILIpH+Ta. T a ~ m TeKCT e B ~a6nuqax A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bI I p H M e p H O p a B e H OCHOBHOMY KerAW).
Y K ~ ~ ~CHOCOK, T ~ A gHCllpb1
H BepXHHX H HHXHEIX HHAeKCOB AOAXHbI H a 6 H p a ~ b c H TOAbKO
3HaKaMH, C I I e ~ H a A b H O&AH 3 T O r 0 CnpOeKTHPOBaHHbIMH. ECAH I I P O r P a M M a 3TH 3AeMeHTbI
CO3AaeT yMeHbIIIeHHeM 0 6 b 1 s s o r o I l l p H + ~ a , TO HX nOYTH HeB03MOXHO 6 y ~ npOYeCTb, e ~
K a K ~ Y A T OOHH ~ a 6 p a ~ K b e1r A e M 4 HAH 5. 3 ~ nap o 6 ~ e o ~ ca o 6 e ~ ~OCTpa o AAR KypCHBa.

E o A b I I I H e 3 A e M e H T b I ~ 3 0 6 p a m e ~ (TOYKH)
~ r l n p H H ~ ~ o A ~ L L I opMa 3 p e r u e A
~ e~A a~I o T BbI-
BOPOTKY I I P ~ K T H Y ~ C K H ~ ~ C I I O AHCKAIoYaR
~ ~ H O ~ ~ , OSeHb K P Y I I H ~
TeKCT.
I ~ ~ M e n ~ H BHYT-
e
p H 6 y ~ ~ e H ~ nbpIoe6 e n b r H TOHKHe COeAHHHTeAbHbIe IIITPHXH 6 y ~ 3pU H T b I K ~ ~ C K OHG ,
~ Y K B OKaXJ'TCH
~ I PBaHbIMH. ~ O C K O A ~ KP Y
a C T p H p O B a H H O e ~ 3 0 6 p a X e H H eC03AaeTCR A 3
6onee r p y 6 b 1 x TOYeK, Y e M T e , KOTOpbIMH p a c n O A a r a e T ~ O T O H ~ ~ O PaBTOMaT,
H ~ I ~ ~OHH
6 y ~ Mye I~I I a T b YTeHHH) TeKCTa, PaCIIOAOXeHHOI'O H a 3TOM OH^. A TBM, r A e 6 e 3 TaKO-
r0 UBeTOBOrO P e U l e H H X H e 0 6 0 f i ~ H ~ C
bA, e A y e T HCnOAb3OBaTb r p O T e C K HAH n O A y X H p -
HYK) BHTHKBY.

o6ec-
B ~ I ~ C O A e p X a T C n e q H a A b H b I e I I O A n p O r p a M M b I , X U l l m b L , KOTOPbIe
~ ~ H ~ $ T o +aGAb1
newtsaIoT 6onee npaswlbHoe 0~06pame~ r u~pea + ~ an p H H H ~ K O Mpa3pe111e~~a (6onee
n o ~ p o 6 ~ H~H1+aO P M ~ ~ H K )06 3TOM C&. 6 ZA. 7). 3 T U IIOAIIpOrpaMMbI O C O ~ ~ H HBOa X H b I
n p H negam H a O + H C H ~ I X C T P ~ H ~ IwX l n~ a s e p a b ~ nx p H H T e p a x . K c o m u e H H m , OHH nno-
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XO p a 6 o ~ a r oeCAH , AHHHH ILIpH+Ta KOTOPOrO O T A H Y a m -
CR OT B e p T M K U H HAK rOPH30HTahM. f l 0 ~ I I p 0 ~ p a ~ h CYMTBIOT,
lbI YTO AHHEiEl LLIPH+T~CO-
BnaAaloT C C ~ T K O
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T ~ K H0 6Mp a 3 0 ~ ,TeKCT, ~ ~ c I I o A o X ~IIOA
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KOTOpbIe MOrYT A a T b XHHTbI, H IIIPM+T IIOAySaeTCX M e H e e U a A K H M , Y e M M O r 6 b 1
6b1Tb (PHC. LUPH+T 6 y ~ Beb I r~h X A e T b
18.2). HOB~PHYT~IG TaK Xe YeTKO, K a K H er0
~ O P H ~ O H T E ~ A3 ~
KHB H~BI U~ e~H T , TOAbKO n p H AOCTaTOYHO BbICOKOM p a 3 p e I I I e H H H , CBbI-
rue 1 000 dpi.
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e BOCXMTUTeAbHU cao60na. T ~ M ,
KT0 OVeHb 0 3 a 6 0 ~ BIIeYaTAeHMeM,
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KaXeTCH, YTO IIOAyYHTb ~Op0lLIMfiI I I P I ~ ~
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p a c c n a 6 ~ ~M
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B HaCTOH~eeBpeMH HeKOTOpbIe Y C T ~ O ~ CHa-
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150 dpi, HO noKa eKpaHHoe pasperuea~eHe AocTMrno
300 dpi, cepbesab~eKOMIIpOMMCCbI B OyeHKe KaYeCTBa
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PHC. 18.2. n o n a n a ~ x eB cemy

p a C T e p H 3 W H H CTaHOBHTCX V y A -
HbIM, K O r d a ~ Y K B I~I O
I BePHpbI
OTHOCHTeAbHO H e e . npll HBKAO-
H e B e p T H K a A b H b I e H rOPH3OH-
B~IBOA TeKcTa H a ~ C T P O ~ ~ C T BcOp a 3 p e m e ~ u e72
~ ma
T a h b H b I e AHHHH IIOAyYaKlT CTy-
96 dpi B nyqrueM chyqae r a p m p y a n p u 6 h ~ 1 3 ~ ~ e ~ bn -e H q a T o n b , a B c r p o e H H b I e XHII-
HbIe aIIpOUM, IIOCKOAbKY OW M O T M3MeHXI'bCHTOAbKO TbI nepecTaIoT p a 6 0 T a ~ b .
Ha mipmy uenoro muccena. PI Kep- no- H~BO~MO- MHOX~CTBO IIHKCeAOB B IIOBep-
H F O ~ 6 y ~ npOH3BOASIT
~ e Brie-
XeH, MCKAIOY%3,KOHeYHO, O'IeHb KPJTIH~G
UIPH+T.
V a T A e H H e XaOTHZlHOCTH
KOPP~KTHPOBK~ aIIp0IUefi MOXeT 6b1~b YaCTMYHO
06ecneseaa 3a cYeT ~ u 3 a i i ~r ua p ~ + ~ acneyxanb-
,
HO IIOIJrOTOBAeHHOrO AAR BbIBOAa H a 3KPaH. XOPO-
ruae npxMepbI - IIIPH+T~I Georgia (c s a c e ~ ~ a ~ u )
M Verdana (6e3 s a c e s e ~ ) c
, o 3 n a ~ ~ b 1~e~ 3 a i i ~ e p o ~
M. K a p ~ e p (Matthew
o~ Carter) u C B O ~ O A H OPaCnpOcT-
paIuIeMbIe ~ I I P M OMicrosoft
~ ~ (PHC. 18.3).
404 Yacma II. KUKsepcmama meltcm

PHC. 18.3.~ P I I + T npHHXTb1g

,
no y M o n s a H n m A A X Web-
6pay3epo~,T i m e s Roman (sep-
x ~ n i a63au),
i nnoxo n o a x o A m
AAX 0 ~ 0 6 p a X e H H XH a 3KpaHe.
H a n p o ~ H B ,l u p a + ~Georgia,
C n e u a a n b H O ~ 0 3 a a ~ ~ AAX
b 1 k
~ T O Hu e n H ( H H X C H H ~a ~6 3 a u ,
~ a 6 p a ~ H b l Tf ei M XCe K e r A e M
H C TeM H H T ~ ~ A H H ~ x X C ~ Ae-
M),
MoscTpupyeT npeKpacHoe pac-
n o n o x e a u e ~ Y K B ,~ p y n ~ b 1 6
POCT H 0AHOPOAH)W HaCbIIIIeH-
HOCTb
Recognition of the fals~tyof maenal weahh as the standard
of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the
false belief thEd public office and &hpohicalposition are to
be valued only by the standards of pride of place and
personal profit; arrd there must be an endto a conduct in
banh-g and inbl~lllessvhkhtoo often has given to a
sacredtrust the hkartess of callous and selfish wrongdoing.
Recognition of the falsity of material viealth as
the standard of success goes hand in hand with
the abandonment of the false belief that public
office and high political position are to be valued
only by the standards of pride of place and
personal profit; and there must be an end to a
conduct in banking and in business which too
often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of
callous and selfish wrongdoing.

K a p ~ e pC O 3 A a B U 3TM IlIpM+Tb1, HaYHHaR C ~EITO-

B ~ I XK a p T o n p e A e n e H H o r o p a a ~ e p aB, K O T O P ~ I X OH c T a -
P U C X A O c l u Y b M ~ K C H M ~ A ~YeTKOCTEl
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K e r A x x , %KT0 H C n O A b 3 y e M b I X B Web. 0 6 b l Y ~ 0IIIpH+-
T b I IIpOeKTEIpYIOTCX K a K B e K T O p H b I e KOHTYpbl, IIpHrOA-
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~ 0 fC
f T a BKPBH, K a p ~ e pM H a Y a C 3KpaHHOI'O LUpM+Ta
6b1
ki A B M r a C X K PHCYHKY ~ Y K B ,K O T O p b I e B b I m R A e A M
xopomo u n p ne9a-m.
~ ~ ~ O T ~Verdana
C K PI a m E i K s a
Georgia - UIPM+TI;I r + o p ~ a ~True a Type.
OCHOBHO~ AOCTOMHCTBO T a K O r O nOAXOAa n p O X B M -
e T c s B TOM, YTO nonyanpom~y BTUX LUPH+TOB T O ~ H O
C n p O e K T H p O B a H b I TaK, YTO K a K MHHHMYM OAHH nMKCeA
+0pMMpyeT npo6enb1 M e m a y ~ Y K B ~ M HH ,e A O n y C K a R
A O X H b l X A H r a T y p , KOTOpbIe YBCTO BO3HHKaKIT H a 3 K P a -
H e M O H H T O P B . H e y ~ a Y H b ~a Iel p O I U H - 3nHAeMHR,
 rilaaa 78. I7poGile~~a~pa3peweuu~
npu oa~oode 405

BCnbLjulBaIOWart BCRKHG pas, K o r a a ~ ~ Y ~ T H ILLII ~GH + T

HCIIOAL3yeTCH A M BKPaHHOTO IIpeACTaBAeHHR, H 3TO
oseHb s a r p y n ~ x =rreHEie
e~ Ha 3 ~ p a ~He
e . roaopx y x e
0 TOM, W O CitM 1IIpH@ BbE- AOCTaTOYHO Y~OAJLKBO.
Ta~m
C H T y a U m 3aCTilBAReT pa3AeAHTb I L I ~ H + T ~ I
H a r p y n n b I : OAHM - AM nesaTwut p a 6 o ~a, A p y r H e -
I l p a ~ n aBLI-
T O A ~ K OAAR 3 K p a H H o r o n p e n c T a s n e H m . ,
60p 3 K p a H H b I X LUPII+TOB AOCTaTOYHO 6 e ~ e@~ ~. i p ~ a
Microsoft H A p y r H e p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ s ~n p~e A
u n a r a l o T He-
CKOALKO AeCSiTKOB TaKIIX IUPHC~)TOB, HO MHOrHe I13 HHX
moxo B L I r M A m H a neqam, n o c K o n b K y OHH H e n p e A -
I 0 r oK
~ H L3 ~
H ~ ~ H ~ Y AAH . ~ nKp a B E m o , +OPMLI ~ H ~ K O B
y 3 K p a H H b I X I U P H ~ T O B4 p e 3 8 b l Y a G ~ 0j'IIpOIlleHL1, TaK
K a K 6 b 1 n a HCKAIOYeHbI MeAKHe A e T U H , B p O a e TOHKHX
IUTPIIXOB, MeAKEiX 3aCeYeK, T. e. BCe TO, YTO HeB03- Small wonder that confidence
MOXHO nepenan H a 3 ~ p a c~m e 3 m pa3perneme~. languishes, for it thrives only on
honesty, on honol; on the sacredness
~ P E~ bI 1 6 0 p en e Y a T H O r O U I P E I + T ~A M 3KpaHHOTO of obligations,on faithful pmtection.
n p e A c T a B n e H E u I H m m e LUPH+T~Ic KPYIIH~IMH 3 n e ~ e ~ - on unselfish performance. Without
them it cannot live.
TaMH: BbICOKIiMH ~ P O I I H C H L I M H~ Y K B W E I , AAHHHLIMH
BepXHMMH H HI13KHUMH BLIHOCHbIMH 3AeMeHTaMU, K P Y - Small wonder that confidence
HbIM OYKOM CTp09HLLX ~ Y K B . Y C T O ~ Y HrpOTeCKH
B~I~ languishes, for it thrives only on
honesty, on honor, on the
YaCTO A p I L I e B b I r M A R T H a 3 K p a H e , Y e M aHTHKBa C ee sacredness of obligations, on
MeAKHMH AeTahRMH, YXY,L(LUaloWHMH P ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ E I B O C faithful T ~ . protection, on unselfish
C A e n y e 3aMeTHTb,
~ YTO TeKCT H a 3 K P a H e H e CAEiLUKOM performance. Without them it
cannot live.
y~o60smae~.

C ~ M ~IIpOCTbIM
IM PeXIJeHHeM n p o 6 n e ~ ,BbI3BaHHbIX
HHBKHM p a 3 p e r n e ~ u e R~B, M e T c x yBenEiYeHHe m p ~ + -
Ta, H TO o m p o n o M o r a e T (PHC. 18.4).Aeno H e T O A ~ -
KO B TOM, qTO H a KaXC[)rIO ~ Y K B YOTBOAHTCR ~ O A L I L I ~
n m c e n o B AAR nysrueii p a c ~ e p ~ 3 a u(rendering),
~s
406 Yacmb 11.K a x aepcmama m e ~ c m
PklC. 18.5.XOTXTeKCT CO CTAa-
XCUBaHHeM ( H H x H U ~ ~8 6 3 8 4 he-
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BbII'AXAPiT W e , YeM TeKCT H
HHM ( B e p ~ ~ l la63811
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1
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npaoii K O A O ~ H6
XCUBaHUeM (HHXHIIII
npxmepax
y ~ ~ co crha-
b 1
C T ~ O K ~ )
O n p e A e A e H H O BbIUI'PbIBaIOT,
IIOCKOAbKy IUHpHHa Pa3MbITHR
MeHbIIIe 6pocae~cxB r n a 3 a OT-
y x e IIIMPMH~I
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1 MOT H X A e T K O p a C n 0 3 H a B a T b
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TO, T O T a K U C T p a T e r W l C O K p a I U a e T KOAEI'IeCTBO T e K -
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6pame~xrrMCnOAb3YeTCII LUPR+T K e r A B 1 4 . TO B b M Y X -
A a e T YMTaTeAII same AMCTaTb CTPaHMUbI, HO B 3 a M e H OH
n o n y s a e T n p n e ~ ~ e ~y pb o ~e eiH ib p a 3 6 o p s ~ ~ o c m .
a p y r p~e r~u e H x e M xBAIieTcIi c m a x P i s a H u e (anti-
aliasing): ~ Y K B L IO K p Y X a I O T C I I ayp0fi C e p b I X IIUKCeAOB,
c M x r s a m m n x MX C T y n e H q a T b I e K p a x , s ~ yoA y s m a e T
BOCIIpMXITie ~ Y K B(PMC. 18.5). O A H ~ KCO A, ~ J T oCTO-
%
POHbI, C r A a X E l B a H M e B b I 3 b I B a e T H a n p R X e H I l e mas. no-
CKOAbKY C e p b I e nMKCeAb1 A e A a I o T ~ Y K B C~AIe T K a p a 3 h l b I -
TbIMM, r A a 3 a B C e B p e M I I lTbITaIoTCR I I o G M ~ TP~e 3 K O C T b .
06b19~b1fi+ M H U - Y C T U O C T b EI pe3b B ma3aX. %LC-
T M ~ H ~ IpM
emeHHeM xnnxeTca yBeAr?seme 3 ~ a s e ~ ~
noporoBoro Kernx, npIi KOTOPOM C r n a m M B a H x e BKAIO-
9aeTC53, OCTaBARII T e K C T K H M X H O r O K e r M P e 3 K M M M CTY-
I l e H Y a T b I M Pi IIpEiMeHIIR C m a X M B a H M e AHLLlb A M K p y I I -
HOrO TeKCTa.
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a
HIoaHCbI anpoIII€!fi UIPH+TOB, I I p e A H i t 3 H a Y e H H b I X AAfl
Small wonder that cantantdenre
languish, for it thnve only
on h t y , on h a m *on the
sacrednss d obl&atians, on
faithful prdection, on unselfish
perkun-mue
S ~ n a lmrnclcr
l t11.dcr111tiilcl~cu
only
I . ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ka
nu h o n ~ t y n
~ i it. htliri\.c%
r s , on iy
, tt h~rncrr, tllc
s x t u l n r s s irt ,>bli+itiLat%LUI
f a i t h h ~pn,ttrtii.l~i,
p~~~~rn~~u;ru
l t l ~ iu~isr.Ifisli
only
 Stripped of the 1w-eof pmfit by which
to induce our people to b l h w their
false leadelship, they have m o r t d to
exhnrtatim, pleading tearfully for
restored cmfide~xe.They know m t y
the rubs cd a genemtiar~of self-seek-
ers. They have nn visial-Land when
there is no vision the people perish.

Stripped of the lure of profit by S ~ r ~ ~ y~i d l ~ u eoi proill try

which to induce o u r people to
follow their false leadenhip, t h y
have ~esortedto ex horta tiom,
pleading tearfully for restared
confidence. They know only the
rules of a genera tion of self-seekers,
wllle
\VIIIL-II rn i n d ~ l sxir
c ~ pooplc to
ir.llow tlwr hlx Ir,~dcrslup,t h ~ y
l ~ ~t.witc..d~ t to ~c\I~ortnI I ~ I I S ,
t ~ k ~ i l d utensfitll\*
~g far ~t._ctot.e>ri
CDII~IL~CIICPTl~cybi.ro\r only tlw
r u k s uf n Xe1ic.t tinix ot selt-scck~rs
C?

They have IW vision and when Tlwv I~nvcno \-IsLon, and when
there is no vision the people perish. ~ ~IIO YISIOJI lho p e u p l ~k'?cr~?-il
l l i t s 1.4

X ~ H H L I6naronap~
~~ ~ a 6 o pMomeT C K P L I T ~
TpeKHHry ~ P I ~ +)iCnOAL30BaTL
T A A x BLI-
BOna
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H~KP~HHL T 3TOr0. He-
TeIK~CT B UeAOM BbIPWpbIBaeT O
sepxaax a6saqax 0 6 e t r x KOAO-
KoTopoe p e n t i y e m e anpoureii noMoraeT neme rmaTb HOK (B - yepao-6cAbli
408 Yacmb 11.Kah- sepcmama meh-cm

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cmo HX y A o B n e T B o p m e n b H o e , pa36op p a c c b I n a w T no asefirca~K a c c . P a c c ~ ~ npo-
n~y
BOAXT BHMMaTeAbHO, T a K KitK OT TII&aTeAbHOCTti BbInOAHeHHR BTOG OIIepiUElki 3aBM-
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i Tpynoe~~oCTbp a c c b r m x c o c ~ a s n r r ne p~a M e p H o
OAHy T p e T b TpYAOeMKOCTIl ~ a 6 o p a (BOAKOBB,
~ 344).
 6 y ~ s ya n o ~ p e 6 n x e B~ cH ~a Y a n e n e p B o r o cnosa n p e n n o m e H m nocne TOYKM, B Haqa-
A e C O ~ C T B ~ H H OMMeHM
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O~
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r rm e nnz ~ a 6 0 p Ba L I A ~ A ~ H Hsamasxfi,
~~, 3arono~-
KOB, KOAOHTHT~AOB M T. A.D (MHALYMH, 316).

28 a B mnorpa+x~e~ H ~ Y P ~ T ~ A ~L OHAOL I I I ~Y,e M B IIpMKAaAH0fi r p a + ~ ~B Oe O ~ U I ~c K, a -

3bIBaeTCR BAEiRHMe TeXHWKA, TOYHOCTb M HOPXAOK. B TIIIIO~~~+M
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I~~
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B KOTOPOM HaXOAXT peILIeHMe n p o 6 n e ~ b 1 QOPMLI,,
(Py~ep,14).
30 MOHOTH~ r p y n n L I A B y X a n n a p a m b I x H ~ ~ O P H GYKBOOT-
- 3 T 0 ~ H a 3 B a H I l e60~bmofi ~ I X
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m He p m i i , CO-
o m e T m p w u x 3HaKaM H np06ena~,a T a K x e a n ~ o n m - m e c ~ & noncser L U E I ~ H H ~ I
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AOB CTpOrO 0 I I p e ~ e A e H ~ 0IIIHPHHLI
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MOG. H3 OTAHTLIX 3 A e M e H T O B +OPMHPYIOTCII CTPOKH 3 a A a H H O r O @ o ~ M Z L T ~ ,
COCTaBASIeMOFO B V W K H H a npHeMHOM CTOAe MaLUHHbI* (E~cHH,
173-1 74).
31 , M o ~ m m e A m m u a - sawo, o n p e a e m w e e m p m y m e p M o H o m n H o r o LUPH+-
T a AaHHOrO CeTa. CO~T~BA R ~Y Ta a b 3 M a - LUMPHHbl C ~ M O GILIHPoKo% AZfTepbI
1/18
AaHHOrO IIIpH+Ta> ( E a c H H , 174). C ~ - T <<IIOHXTHe,BBeAeHHOe B MOHOTHIIHYXJ CHCTe-
MY HBMepeHHX AAR CPaBHeHHR OTAeAbHbIX I L I P H ~ T o B h 4 e X A y co6oG. C ~ - T 3 T 0 BFAH-
4 H H a 3 M a ( c a M 0 G lIInp0~0fi AHTepLI K O M ~ A ~ K TB~b)I ,p a X e H H O r O B aIXm0-aMepHKaHC-
KHX ITYHKTaXP ( ~ ~ c H H 292).
, 3~ - XIIIHpHHa c ~ M o GW E ~ ~ O KAlcrrepLI O ~ ~ T o r 0 MnH HHOrO
K e r A R H raPHWI'ypbI MOHOTPKIHOTO IUPM+TP. 3 M AeAlrrCR H a 18 PaBHLIX Z I ~ C T ~ H Ga,-
3bIBaeMbIX MOHOTHIIHbIMH eAHHHUaMHD (E~cHH, 379).
- d~ ~ a 6 0 p ~ aCTPOKOOTAHBHaR
32 ~ H O T H fi MaUIHHa C K P F O B L I M ABHHCeHHeM M a T p H U ,
I I p o ~ y K U ? i e % K O T O P O ~XBAReTCR M ~ T Z L I A H ~ ~ C1ia60p K H ~ B BHAe MOHOAHTHLIX CTPOK.
I T p ~ ~ u pa6o-1~1
nn a a m ~ o s a e ~ Bc xc n e n y m w e M : M a T p M u b I p a 3 ~ e x q a m B~ Kc a~w a n a x
~ a r a s ~n p~HaH;a x a m H KA~BHILIH~ a 6 0 p ~ oarnon a p a T a C o o T n e T c T B y m w a r r M a T p H u a
C B O ~ O A H OI I a A a e T B MeXaHH3M I3 BepCTaTKy. Mem.4~
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34 B ~ I C OnesamK ~ - <(cnoc06nesam, n p M KOTOPOM n e s a T a m q u e ~ A ~ M ~ H ATa~mIq, n e
O'ITHCK H a 6 y ~ a r e H p a c n o A o m e H H b I e 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0B O A H O ~IIAOCKOCTEI,
~ B03BbILUarOTCB
H a A n p 0 6 e ~ b m ~ k~ 1A ~ M ~ H T n~ eMs a H ~ ~ o+ jOiP M ~ I . K + O P M ~ M B~ICOKOE nesani OT-
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nesam - <<cnoco6
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MI1 IlpOUeCCZtMII, IIPOIICXOARUIIMII M e X A y M a T e p I l U a M I I + O P M ~ I I1 BeWeCTBaMI1,
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y ~ KP~CKO~ a ~Ap,)I'Tie ( n p 0 6 e A b H b l e ~ A ~ M ~ H KpaC-
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K m o c ~ o inesam
i omocmca ~morpa+m,o+cemax ne-
yam, +OTOTM~HR>> (Eacm, 236).
36 O + c e m a ~nesam - cnoc06 nesam, < < O C H O B ~ H HH~aI n~ ~e s a T m m c nepenaseii K p a c -
KIIc nesamoii + O P M ~ I H a 6y~a1-y sepe3 ~A~CTIIYHYIOn p o M e x y r o s H y m nosepmom.
O+cemm nesam n M e e T s ~ a s m e n b ~ nbp ~e HeM y r r r e c T s a nepen n e r a T a m e M c H e n o c -
PeACTBeHHbIM KOHTaKTOM 6 y ~ a m C + O P M O ~ ~ OCHOBH~IMII
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meme 113~oca nesamoii + O P M ~ I 6 n a r o ~ a cpo~n p m o c H o s e H m n o s e p x H o c m nocne-
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fi
3 H a Y m e A b H O e IIOBbILUeHHe CKOPOCTM IleSaTaHHR; B03MOXHOCTb IIe9aTZWIIR n p I I OT-
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( K p w i e ~ c m f1,

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~ JJBepeHHOCTbB TOM, YT0 BaXHbIe 3AeMeHTLI OnkICaHkfR LUPkf+Ta
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X O K TeKCTB, 3BTOAOBKOB, +OPMYA,
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erA H TA H a M a H a (4),
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, IIe9aTHb1fi CTBHOK, OTAEIA IIIpII+T aHTPIKBa, 11306-
pen B e n e H e s y m Gpary, ~ 1 3 nAas~e cepm n p o ~ 1 3 s e ~ e+~ p~ m i i iu y s c ~ ~nxca~eneii;
x
n b e p q a ~ u y fal E I ~ 0yCOBepILleHCTBOBaA CAOBOAElTHOe Pi 6 p a x ~ o IlPOEI3BOACTB0, e
O c ~ o s a A6 p a x ~ y 1 +0 a 6 p ~ ~B y~ C C O H H ~( K ~ I I r o s e ~ e ~ E172). ie,

c<rapHKIyp - 3TO KOMIIAeKT. Q o ~ MXCeHCKOrO

~ POAa -~ ~ K o - I I ~ o ~ ~ c c E I o H ~ A ~
TepMIIH. n p I I IlOAb3OBElHIIEI EIM H e 0 6 ~ 3 a T e A b H 0~ 0 6 a ~O ~
n p era enA e H I I e (Fap~klTypa
ULpu$ma), T a K K a K r a p H K I y p a ( ) - 3 T 0 EI e m H a 6 0 p ~ b I f iLUPM+T, ~3m1fi B KOHKPeT-
HOCT~Iero p H c y H K a EI C o c r a B a no B H ~ K ~ MK e, r n m , H a y e p T m m . K a x ~ a rza p H x T y p a ,

0 6 n w a e ~C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~EIMeHeM.
IM OHOM O X e T TOBOpMTb 0 C 0 3 A a T e A e ( r a p a ~ o ~Pic- ) ,
TOPEIEI y n o ~ p e 6 n e ~ (Taii~c),
n~ c m e ( E . . ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ T L I KHOCHK K PU~ )T,H O ~O~C O ~ ~ H H O C T I I
( K o M ~ K T~~O C) T, O N H C T s e( Y H I I ~ ~H~ acy) ~, l ~ H a J x bIIpMH2iAAeXHOCI'EI
~~fi (TOMW~~),
n p e n ~ a 3 ~ a ~ e( ~Km ~i A ~ x ~ w~o sBa pc~K a x ~)a, c c o y l l a m B H o M K a s e c r s e (Bxsanb-
AH) m p P i + T a > > ( K P E ~ Y ~ B C1,36).
KM~~,
 BM~CTO
3TOr0 TepMIIHa T e n e p b 9aCTO H C n O A b 3 F K a A b K y C a a r n I I f i c ~ o r 0- <<6a30-
B ~ S IAMHIIX~. - nep.

4 <<~H~K
K~I IH A A W 3 e C K O F OEI AaTIMCKOrO U + ~ B UHa3blBaeMbIe
T~, T a K X e ~ Y K B ~ M E9I , 0 -
mca H a o c a o B e Tpex OCHOBHHX r e o M e T p u s e c K u x +OPM HAM EIX K O M ~ I I H ~ U E Inpmoy- ~?
r0Ab~0fi (UH ~ ~ ~ p a m oof ~i p) y, r ~ oIIfTi p e y ~ ~ b ~ 3 T~k if+iO.P M ~ I 06pa3ym~cszulmpU-
X U U , KOTOpbIe ~ ~ I B ~ HOCHOBHbMU
) T (06b19~0B e p T H K a A b H b I e , 6 o ~ e eT O A C T ~ I ~ II)
c o e d u ~ u r n e ~ a n a w(06b19~0
u rOPII30HTaAbHbIe, 6 o ~ e T e O H K H ~ ) .B Tpe)TOAbHbIX C]?OP-
M a x OCHOBH~IMUH H U C X O ~ LUT~MXOM R ~ ~ C y m a e T c f i ~~p~lfi cne~a-c~epxy-~npa~o-
BHII3, a COeAHHIITeAbHbIM I l n H BoCXO~~UJU - I I A ~ L U E ICAeBa-CHM3Y-BnPaBO-BBepX.
~~
B IUTpEIXaX, 06pa3yrowtix O K p y r A b I e + O P M ~ I , C a M m TOACT= ZIaCTb HaSbIBaeTCR H a -
OaGc c e K OCHOBHOMY I U T P I I X ~ ~(E+HMOB,
nilaloo,a II n p n p a B H m a e T c x no B I I ~ Y ~ A ~ HM
1996, 2, 16).

6 E~~CKO B ~ I ~<<lIOXBUMCbB ~ ~ A MB IH aI Y a A e XIX B. Pi IIpEIMeHfiAEICb CHaYa-

IIIpII+Tb1
A a K a K T A b H b I e , HO B XX B. OHII 3aBOeBahEI IIOIIyAXPHOCTb K a K TeKCTOBbIe IIIpIICt)-
TbI MaIIIEMHOFO ( O C O ~ ~ H HrOa 3 e ~ ~ o r~
o a) 6 o p a0. 6 b 1 9 ~ 0B 3THX I I I P I I C ~ ~ T ~KOHTpaCT
X
MeXC.4)' OCHOBHbIMII I I AOIIOAHIITeAbHbIMM LUTpIIXaMII ~ e 6 0 ~ b m o (HAM
f i er0 BII3YFiAb-
HO BOBCe H ~ T )II M O U H b I e IlpfiMOjTOAbHbIe 3aCe9KII. E P Y C K O BIIIPEI+T~I
~I~ 6 e 3 KOH-
T p a C T a Ha3bIBaH)TCR TaKXCe eFImeTCKEIMLI, I I I P I I + T ~ I C H ~ ~ O A ~ L U IlpXMbIM
IIM KOHTPaC-
TOM I I 3 a C e 9 K a M I I , CKpYrAeHHbIMII B M e C T e IIPIIMbIKaHIIX, - LUPEI+T~MII T u n a
K h a p e ~ A o HL
, U P H ~ CI O ~ P ~ T H ~KOHTpaCTOM
IM - HTaAbXHCKIIMIID (E+IIMOB,m ~ e -
nesa, 2001, 1, 28).
7 dk!p~blGLUPII+TTaKOrO T m a nOA Ha3BaHIIeM K ~ a l j e f i d o n6 b n CO3AaH B ~ ~ A I I M
B CepeaIIHe XIX B. OH
K a K a K q I I ~ e ~ b 1 ~ IlpeACTaBAXA
. ~060%
aHTHKBY HOBOFO CTPI-
AX C YCIlheHHblMII 3 a C e S K a M I I M COeAIIHEITeAbHbIMII IIITpEIXaMIID (E+EIMOB,
mMeAe-
sa; 2001, 1, 29).
 ~ a 6 o p eB H a Y a n e XX B. K p o ~ Te o r o , K TOG x e nonrpynne MOXHO omecm TeKc-ro-
BbIe IL~PEI+TLI I I C ~ B A O K A ~ C C M ~ ~+OPMM,
C K O ~ ~ C03AaHHbIe H a pyGexe XIX-XX BB. Pi
no- B b I r u e n m H e 113 y n o ~ p e 6 n e mH a 3anue. O A H ~ K O
B Poccw~ 40 H e n a B H e r o B p e -
M e m o A H a ~3 T a m x r a p H m y p - Aumepamypxa~,~ L I B ~AW a r n u x ~ ~-a ~~ L I Aca-~
MbIM paCnpOCTPZlHeHHbIM TeKCTOBLIM ~X~II+TOMP (E+MMOB, n e ~ e ~2001, a , 1,29).

l1 H ~ C ~ I W ~ H H O CIIIPEI+T;~
TL - <cOAPiH M3 IIpH3HaKOB H a q e P T a H M R IIIpM+Ta. H~CLIW~H-
~ e p e ao m o m e H z e T O A W H ~ I
H O C T ~n o A n a e T c x Y H C A O B O M ~B L I p a x c e H u m , H a n p M M e p ,
OCHOBHOrO LuTpMXa IlpOIIEICHOr0 3 H a K a K ero pOC'ly. B n p o ~ eO~+,O ~ M I I T ~ A I OIIeYaTM
AOCTaTOYHO CAOBeCHOrO OnpeAeAeHWK. mpMf$T, YLX HaCLIWeHHOCTb OTAHYHa OT CPefi-
H e f i ( H O ~ M ~ A L H OHa3LIBaIoT
~~), CBepXXFipHbIM, 3fCEIPHLIM, IIOAYXEIPHblM, CBeTAbIM MnM
CBepXCBeTAbIM. B HOpMaALHOM HaYepTaHHM LLIpM+Tbl pa3HLIX arpHET
IPJ' M O T pa3-
n n r a n c x no H a c b w e H H o m , T a K TO nepeYscneHHLIe o n p e n e n e H m nonpaape~a-
IOT H e CTOAbKO ee aGcon10mym M e p y , CTOAbKO O T H O C M T e A b H F -B PXA.Y p a 3 H O H a -
CbImeHHbIX ~ a Y e p T a ~ P iOf iA H O ~
arpHH
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pL
J'1B ( K ~ H v ~ B c K1,H79).
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l - a ~ e p ~ a ~ ~mep a + ~ a- < < r p a + ~ r e c ~P a~ x ~HOBIWHOLT IIIPM+T~
~ B npenenax o n ~ o f i
rapmqp.1, p a 3 n ~ s a e ~ anor r ~AOTHOCTII ( r u ~ p a ~o eY )K a ( H O P M ~ ~ H Oy a~ ~, o em, q o -
KOe H a Y e p T a H X X L U ~ M + T ~ ) ,no IIOCTaHOBKe (H~KAOHY)OYKa ( I I ~ x M o ~KypCMBHOe,
, Ha-
KAOHHOe HaYepTaHMX IIIpHCPTa), IIO HaCLIUeHHOClX OYKa ( C B ~ T A O ~IIOAyXMpHOe,
,
HcMpHoe H a s e p T a m x m p a + ~ a ) n (MEIALYIIH,
226).
H a Y e p T a H M e lXpM+Ta - ccOTAH9MTeALHW H L~ ~ O ~ H
OCO~~HHOCT O ~ O BXOAX-
lIIpM+Ta,
W e r O B raPHFiTJ'pY. ~ P H + TK~KOTO-AMGOHaYepTiLHMEI 0 6 n a A a e ~KOMnAeKCOM G a 3 0 -
BbIX CTImHCTNYeCKMX 9 e p T M OAHMM HAM HeCKOAbKMhfM BLIAeAEITeALHLIMM n p M 3 H a K a -
MM.K IlOVLenHMM OTHOCHTCX HaCLIWeHHOCTL, IIAOTHOCTL, HaKAOH LUPII+TB, a T a K X e
n p ~ 3 K~y pac m~a , ~ e fOG~IIK,
i nomanyii, ~ a n 6 o n e ec n e ~ ~ + B~c sp aee H~e H x a c n p y -
 rMMM HaYepTaHHXMM. P~~AHY HaYHe p~T aIT~e A b H b I e n p H 3 H a K M M O r j T COYeTaTbCII
H. a n p ~ ~ eBO3MOXeH
B Pa3HbIX K O M ~ H H ~ U H R X p, IIIPMQT ~ O A ~ X H ~ Y
H ~~K H
X GI~I Ha-
,
K A o H ~ b l f iOAHOBpeMeHHO, ( K P M ~ ~ B c l,
KH ~~,
80).
l3 E ~ C K ~ P B H-MG ~ H ~ A H % c KneYaTHMK,
H~~ C03AaTeAb III~HC&TOB HOBOrO CTHAX, HOCII-
WHX ero MMX. B 1750 OCHOBU B E n p ~ m r e mnorpa+~Io
~e B M e c T e co c n o ~ o n m e i i
M G p a x ~ o i~enbmiueji.
i B 1757 noasmcx ruenesp E a c ~ e p s w a- c o s t i H e H m Bep-
~ A M I I , H a n e Y a T a m b r e H O B ~ I M HLUPII+T~MH E a c ~ e p s ~ ns ean n ~ o n e n ~ osiei p ~ o i i
~ p a c ~ o ~i i3, r o ~ o s n e m no
o f ero peuenv, M H a G p a r e , ~ o ~ o p oOH
i i n p H A a n oco6yro
TAWKOCTb M ILleAKOBMCTOCTb, IlpOIlyCKaII AllCTbI M e X A y H a r P e T b I M H MeAHbIMII B U a -
MM. IIocne c M e p T u E a c ~ e p s m n aO ~ O ~ ~ A O Bmnorpa+m
~ H M ~ n p ~ o 6 pE
e o~ ~ a p r u e
(1779), O C ~ I U ~ C T B H B ~IIIPHC$IT~MM
~~IG E ~ C K ~ ~ B3HaMeHHTOe
H A A ~ KeAbTCKOe H3AZlHHe
Bonb~epa,,( K H X C O B ~ A ~ H M3~1).
,

15 <<Hasape n e p e c ~ p o i Mi ~K~o o n e p a m B H o r o AsIIrneHnsi, H ~ F ~ I IK a T a n o r IIIPH+TOB

cyxoro n e p e B o A a OAHOG + H P M ~ I , II O ~ H ~ P Y X H AIIOA 0 6 p a 3 ~ 0ILlpH+Ta
~ T a i i ~ Tc a -
KYIO noanacb: T a i i ~ H c o s b ~ i PHMCKMH.
i IIoemo, w o c o c T a s m e n a KaTanora He no-
A 0 3 p e B a A H , YTO Roman ~ o - ~ A H ~ ~ c0 K 3 HI aIY a e T < < ~ ~ I I M LII~M+TB,
oG B OTAHYMe OT
KypCMBa, M K r O p O A y P M M3TOT
~ T e p M I I H H M e e T B e C b M a O T A U e H H O e OTHOLUeKIleB
(E+HMOB,
1999,94).

BOKPF ce6a 3HaTOKOB r p e Y e C K O r 0 SI3LIKa M C T U rOTOBHTb II3AaHkIR A p e B H e r p e Y e C -

KMX ~BTOPOB. B 1499 133~a-Aa B o f i ~ yc H a 14 A ureaesp
I ~ ~ B-H ~ KHHronesaTHoro ~ c ~ y c -
cma, B KOTOPOM M H o r o v n c A e H H b I e r p a B I o p M H a A e p e s e M n p e K p a c H b r e U I P H + ~ ~ I( a~-
T M K B ~ ) 06pa3yro~r a p M O H M Y H O e eAHHCTB0. B 1500 M a ~ y u ~Oi Ci H O B U < < H o ~ y ~ o
aKWeMHIon (no n p H M e p y ~ A ~ T O H O B C K Os~A~e)H, b 1 ~ 0 ~ 0 C~OCOGCTBOBUH
~ 0 % ~06Hpa-
HHIo M M3jTeHMIo P Y K O ~ H CaHTI?YHMX
~ ~ aBTOpOB, BeAH TIUaTeAbHyIO TeKCTOAOrMYeC-
K T IIOArOTOBKy n e 4 a T a e M b I X C O Y H H ~ H H C
~ ~1501
. Ma~yunfiIIpHMeHMA ABa HOBOBBe-
f l e w . &O M 3 A W - EiAbAkmbI CTahEl BbIXOAlTB +OPM~TOM B 1/8AIlCTa M rIe9aTalV.ICb
K>7?CIIBOM - geTKMM I I eMKHM IIIPII+TOM,IIOApaXaBILlHM HaYepTaHEIIo AOKyMeHTOB
n a n c ~ o i iK a H u e n a p m . K H H ~M~ aI ~ y q ~ Br r~ I ~ ~ I B n~o A
n pM
axaakix H noaaenwi.
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i T U IIpMMeHXTb T E i I I o r p a + c ~ y I O M a p K y - neAb+MH, 06-
s ~ s a m u ~mioip b > >( K ~ P i r o s e n e ~ 33).
~e,

17 4TTepeym K H m y K ~ C M B H ~ IILIPM+TOM
M O T n e Y a T a n B 1501 r. BeHeuMaHerr. A n b Ma- ~
~ y r ~(1447149-1515).
~ i i TOT IIIPM+T coanan no ero n o p y Y e H k i m c P p a H s e c ~ Ao a Eono-
HbX (~PII++o)> (TOOTC, 28).
18 K ~ P C H-
B c < ~ a 6 0 p ~ b 1LUPI?+T,
fi OCHOB~HH~
H Ia~X~a p a K T e p H b I x n p ~ i 3 ~ a M3XUHOTO
~ a x
IIMCbMa OT P Y X . Ero M O X H O PaCCMaTpMBaTb K a K KOMIIpOMMCC M e m a y Pj'KOIIIlCHbIM
M C O ~ C T B ~ H H <<IIeYaTHbIMD
O IIIPM+ToM. BO BCXKOM C A p a e , KYPCMR H e BOCIIPOMSBO-
AMT conpaxea~ii6 y B ~W o ~ ~ o6paaeu MMeHHo <<ConpX-
B e . Ero c o 3 ~ a ~ se 3n ~m 3a
X ~ H H ~ IIOYepK,
I ~ > HO B TO Xe B p e M X T P e 3 B O YYAM B03MOXHOCTII TeXHIMM M3rOTOBAe-
HMX AMTep Pi TeXHMKM MeTaAAMYeCKOrO ~a6opa,> ( K P E I ~ ~ B C1,K60).
H~~,
l9 c&pacMebrii K p C P i B , B n e p B b I e BIIOAHe C O ~ A ~ C O B ~ HC H ~ I ~ ~
ZNIWKBO~?, 0+0pMkin GOA
r a p a M 0 ~B
. n o c n e n m P i n KO BCeM LUPMC$T~M aHTIIKBb1 ~ ~ I A C03AaHbI
E I KYPCPiBbI; K p -
CMB C T ~ P M H H OaHTHKBbI
~~ OTAIIYaeTCX OT KYPCHBa HOBO^^ a H m K B b 1 Pi T. A. B HaCTOR-
Lqee B p e M R KypCFiB AAX ~ a 6 o p Ia~ ~ A o KHPiTPi
I? ~ ~ I O T ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~p &
T Ce X
P e a K O ; BCe me
ero ponb B o + o p ~ n e a mnesambrx ~ l a ~ a ~o s~e Hl bi Bi e n a K a n (Too~c,28).
"' H~KAO U lH
p M + ~ a , ElnM IIOCTaHOBKa OYKa U~PEI+TB, (stance) - <<OAMHI13 IIPPi3HaKOB
HagepTaHEisi r r r p ~ + ~ nonomeme
a, ero OCHOBH~IXUITPHXOB no O T H o m e m m K sepm-
K a n u . no n o c r a H o B K e o r K a rupn+~ap a 3 ~ ~ r a r n c x
UIPH+T n p x M o r o HasepTaHPix
(6e3 HaKAOHa OCHOBHbIX UITPLIXOB), K p C M B H O r O HaYepTaKEIIi ( O C H O B H ~ IIJlTpPiXM
~ Ha-
KAOHeHbI CIIpELBa H U e B O C B e p X y BHPi3, M y HeKOTOPbIX ~ YCOeAPiHHTeAbHbIe
B 3aBHT-
KM MMHTHPyIOT P ~ O I I M C H ~I II $o Y ~ ~ K )HaKAOHHOrO
, H a Y e p T a H k u I (C TaKPiM me, KaK
y KypCPiBHOrO HaYepTaHPiX, HaKAOHOM, HO 6e3 COeAMHHTeAbHbIX 3aBIITKOB 6 y ~ ) ~
(MHA~YHH, 298).
<<KypCMBHbIeLUPM+T~IOTAMYaIOTCX OT HaKAOHHbIX T e M , T O B HMX MHOrPie 3 H Z M
( 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0CTPOYHbIe, HO MHOrAa H YaCTb IIPO~IIICH~IX)MeHXIOT CBOm +OPMY, IIPEI~AM-
maxcb K (E+MMOB,
P~KOIIHCH~IM ~ 1996, 16).
'' <<OAIIH H 3 K ~ J T I H ~ ~ I aMepEvcaHCKHX
H x LUpHI$ToBbIX A H ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~MOPPHCP O B , ~ A A ~ P
E~HTOH, B H a Y U e C B O ~ %K a p b e p b I 6 b ~ IIpNrAaLUeH
h B KaYeCTBe I'AFiBHOrO XYAOXHEIKB
B H O B p I $ ~ M American
Y Typefounder (ATF). B ~ a ~ a OH h e A O A X e H 6 b 1 K~~ K - T O
xaacc~+ayrxposanM H o r o s u G z e H K a I e ~ H + T M ,A o c r a B m x e c x ATF OT npexmx ma-
AeAbUeB. C p e ~ IHMXi ~ ~ I A O
MHOrO I I O X O X l l x A p F H a @Fa. ~ H T O H PaCnOAOXHA
TaKEle IIXpH+'I'bI B I I O P W K e HapacTaHEE? HX HaCbIWeHHOCTH H o G % e & m llx
~ 0 6 a k l ~
assa awe^. T ~ BKO ~ H H K ~IHI O H ~ Rr a p H m y p a UIPH+T~ (Type Family, T. e. mp~(#l-
TOBOe c e ~ e f-0)
i AAff V y r m b I I ~ ~ ~ E I + T
~AoH
B~,K E I HO
X , 0TAWIaX)LIIHXCX n0 H a C b I a e H -
HOCTM, IIPOIIOP4HXM ELhH HaKAOHY>> (E+EIMOB,
1996, 3).
25 <<OCHOBH~IM
K p m e p H e M y ~ 0 6 0 4 m a e ~ o c ~m
kA1ffeTcff 6 e 3 0 m 6 0 ~ ~ 0 c B~ O
b c ~ I p m m
~ Y K BH 3HaKOB npu qTeHHM CBX3HOrO TeKCTam ( T e x ~ M s e c ~ P
o eeA a K T H p O B H H e , 61).
~ K p m e p my ~ 0 6 o ~ m a e ~T eoKm cra I $ O ~ ~ ~ ~ O BUM
BeKaMu. I l eC~~a m r i~i I I ~ KCAP,
a63au, crrpaxinqa H M e w r C A O X H B I U H ~ C ~o6pa3,
BO, n p e A A o x e m i e , ~. c T e p e o m n BOC-
npmmx, ~ o ~ o p a rmi iT a T e a x o r e T p a c n o 3 ~ a s a ~nemo,
b 6e3 H e H y m H b I x & o n o n n u -
TeAbHbIX yew\*. Ha6op H B e p C T K a AOAXHbI CO3AaBaTb T ~ K O %o6pa3, a H e p a 3 p y m a ~ b
er0 P a 3 H b I M H OTKAOHeHEIffMM OT CTaHAapTa: OHM TOAbKO OTBAeKaIOT H MeLUaKYr CO-
Ha COAepXaHHII. y&060YETraeMoCTb TeKCTa B L I p a X a e T C X A e r K I l M
CpeAOTO~CX ne-
pexoAoM rnasa co ~ O K HHa CTPOKY, ~ ~ I C T ~ LO InM
I c w B a m e M y x H o r o a63aua m~
m a B b 1 , X O ~ O I JPa3AHYMMOCTbH)
J ~ ~ ~ 3HaKOB IIIpH+Ta. ~ [ P H3TOM r A a 3 H e YTOMAXeTCX,
CKOpOCTb T e H I I X CTBHOBWCX BbILUe, BOCIIPHXI?ie COAePXaHMX I I ~ H ~ A H X ~ ~ TK COII-
R
TIiMyMyX (ILIarrmo~a,21).
26 < Y ~ e m i e- TO 3 p E T r e ~ b ~ b rnpouecc,
ji B xoAe KoToporo s a p a ~ e ec o r n a c o s a H H H e HAH
0 6 a e r r p ~ m b 13HaKH,
e ~ ~ L IW O B a BOCIIpI-IHElMWTCX YeAOBeKOM II TPHC+OP-
B MnM
MHP)WTCX B MbICnkI II nPeACTaBAeHEZII. B LUHPOKOM CMbICAe + O P M ~ I ~ Y K BAOAXHbI
O T B e q a T b IIpeACTaBAeHMIIM, YICOpeHHBILIHMCX B CO3HaHHH sMTaTeAX. I ~ O ~ T6b1~0
OMY
6b1O I ~ I E I ~ K~Op~ e~ 6 0 ~ C03A.awlff
a ~ b LUpIII$Ta COBepIIIeHHO HOBOrO T k m a . Q 0 p ~ b 6l y ~ B
MeHXKWCff MeAAeHHO, L U X 3a LUXOM; TaKOrO P O A a H 3 M e H e H w r HeB03MOXHbI 6e3 0 ~ 0 6 -
P e H H R ~ o A ~ I I M H c T B o Ms M T a T e A e i i , ~OA~LIIMHCTBOM
HapOAa, (KZUIp, 49).
 ~ ~ET ,lmnorpa*
27 ~ ~ K a ~ a ~ cI I O j i EI T e o p m K n i n o r p a + ~P ~ Epmrxepcr (Robert
o 6~e p ~
Brunghurst) ? ~h a c c ~ + ~ ~ a qnpemne
ocHosLIsaeT C O ~ C T B ~ H H )~ ~ ? l o Bcero H a H n o p x m
HCKYCCTB. K ~ ~ C C E I + I I KEpmrxepma
~~MII oqem ~ a c w a 6 M~Oax B a n I B a e T B c e MIIPO-
B b i e CMCTeMLI IIMCbMa, XOTX ~ a ~ 6 0 h pe ae 3 p a 6 0 ~ a ~
M~nu
o ~ p 0 6 ~mm
aBa OTHOCHT-
CH, KOHeSHO Xe, K LUPEI+TBM AaTIIHMqLI.E P H H ~ X ~ PIIO
C TIIPMMePY ~ E I O A O ~ HAeAMT
M
LUPII+TLI H a TEIIILI, KAaCCLI, OTPRAbI, POALI M ceMe$(XBa. B OTpXA aHTMKBeHHLIX, n0
Epn~rxepcry,s x o ~ m c e ~ e i i n s na p o T o a m m n L 1 , r y ~ a ~ ~ c m r e caHTHKBL1,
~ o i i m-
KBLI m e i i M ~ H L ~ ~ E ~I ~ M ~ O~ K , HK ~OO, K A ~ C C H ~ MP ~ M O ~M, ~ ~ p a m, ~ a ap
Me ~ ,

BaIoTCH B O A H O ~I I~O A r p j T I n e , XOTX OHH AaAeKH no M O ~ + O A O ~ SIIpM3HaKyD

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( U l ~ e n e s a37).
,
28 .Ca~asi p a H H x x + o p ~ aa m K B L I C~~PUMHOUY
H ~ ~ L I B ~ ~ T C X ~ H ~ U X O O U Y . Ee rnanHLIe
npM3HaKM - HaKAOHHLIe H a X I I M L I B OKPYrALIX + O ~ M ~ M
X IIOKaTOe H a S a A O 6 y ~ ~ .
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(IIpPiMepH0 B 25-45 I'pZlAycOB). K o ~ ~ p aMc erX A y OCHOBHLIMH H COe4HHMTeALHLIMH
UITpMXaMM ~e6onbmoii;EIX COOTHOLIIeHHe IIpMMepHO OT 1:2 A 0 1:4. C T ~ P H H aHTII- HO~~
L Im K H e , O K P y A L I e 3aCe%M, M3BeCTHLIe H a M YXe M3 KaIIHTeALHOrO
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30 ~ ~ P ~ M-O <H< + P ~ H U ~ ~ C K
p eM
3 S~M K H A M T ~ ~ ~ IILIPEI+TOB.
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32 K e s n o ~- < < ~ H ~ ~ c KMEa Im?e~p LUPH+TOB. ELIAr p a B e p o M H n e p e I I h e T H b I M IIHCTPY-

MeHTaAbUHKOM. B 1720 OCHOBaA CAHBOAHTHH). P a s p a 6 0 ~ aLLI~H+TLI ~ B TPaAHUHXX
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34 H o ~ a aaHTHKBa - B 0 3 H H K a e T B CBIi3H C B03PaCTaX)IUIIM P a C n P O C T P a H e H H e M H n O n y -

AXpHOCTbH) T a B I O p b I H a MeAH BO BTOPO$ IIOAOBEWe XVIII B e K a . TOT LIIPH+T nOA-
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* CM. ( ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ H2002,226-254)
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O COCTaBAIIeT IIpOUeCC pac~ep113a~nM &OC-
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B A ~ H H O Mc A y a e T a K x e M O X ~ T I I C ~ O A L ~ O B ~ T L CnRo H m e apacx~adxasnaxoa>>(Mo-
AHH, 15).
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11 A K U ~ H-T< < H a -MnM ~ O A C T P O Y H L I3~H
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29).

14 Kanmenb - < < B L I A ~ A ~ ~ A L~Ha L6 I0~p ~~ b 1 ~f iP I I + T ,~ A M ~ K no

P I P~M~C ~ H K YK n p o n M c -
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L e c n CTPOYHLIX S H ~ K O B ,H e n o x o m M x H a n p o -
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1, 49).

n o ~ m e p x ~ 3e ~~ 0~ Mqe O~I ~ T c n y m m cnosa 6 p m a ~ c ~ o 1m - oo r p a + a 3 p n ~ a

T H M ~ :<<HP~KTIIY~CKII
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P I ~ M C~y wHe c T
~Bymwee nonomeHHe seweii* (urn.no K ~ E ~ . I ~ B C K O MI,~ ,127).

CB CaMOM A e A e , H e M H O I T e M3 COBPeMeHHLIX TeKCTOBbIX I I I P M ~ T o B M O T CPaBHHTLCX

c Times no sapnamos, m u p o T e
KonHsecrny npmeHeHm M o 6 q e ~ yBAMXHMH, H a
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n e p e H M e H o s a H ~3 c 0 0 6 p a x e ~ ~Mi ai p K e T n H r a B
OH ~ L I A Helvetica, B secm n a T m c K o -
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A m n n ~ aH
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o) (E+UMOB,
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<<Ba~mox3b1.1~of Amepaype non CAOBOM Grotesque n o ~ p a 3 y ~ e s a m ~
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Morison) ~ L I AnpnrnameH K a K K O H C ~ A ~ T ~no H T~ n n o r p a + ~
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e nomoa-
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TeKCTa EI B HeKOTOPbIX C A F a X X C3KOHOMHTb MeCTO B IIOAOCe>> ( E + ~ o B1996,224).

,

13 . O ~ M C BKK, O T ~ ~ OKMp a c K a n p x x o n m c f l H a +OH, a H e + ~ r p y Ijnaronapx

. appwa-
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M COO~UZIIOT e M y IIOpXAOK; OHM p a 3 m i w h a I MUlb B ConomaBAeHIIII C He3aIIeYaTilHHbIhlIl
pacmam. ~ C npem K e T a n o p o q a e T ero ~HTEEIOA, H OHM B K y n e 0 6 y c ~ o ~ m a r a r
H ee 6e3mi~a.x
senoe. H e s a r r e ~ a ~ m o nymma, HO s n e M e m - ~ C K ((Pynep,~ N 52).
 2 a I I e p s ~ 1 en o n L r m x c o 3 ~ a n
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B 1872 r. B h e p ~ G~~ I AeHC K o H c - r p p p o B a H L I nnruynwe M a m n H L I , n p H e M n e M L I e AASI
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i 4 U s o r ~ aero H ~ ~ L I B W npultydume~analiunepeaodoitz cmpolcu. - neb.

& % i l A p a T L 1- <<npo6en~e~rGM a T e p H a h , IIO K e r A I o p a B H b 1 f IIPHMeHXeMOMY mpki+v,
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~o~M~TH
CTPOKEI
o~ OTHOCEITeAb-
HO K p a e B KOAOHKEI. H 3 n a B ~ EI3BeCTHa
a BbIKAIOYKa B K p a C H F CTpOKy, a B XX BeKe
O ~ ~ I Y HCTUa
O ~ BbIKAW9Ka B K p a f i : BAeBO EIAH BnpaBOD ( K p ~ r e ~ c K E I i 1,
i , 34).

B b ~ ~ h r o ' CTPOKEI
I ~ a - <<paBHOMepHOeyBeAU1.IeHEIe npo6eno~M e X n y CAOBaMH B y -
PEI CTPOKEI HAEI y M e H b m e H u e ero c rrenbw n o n e n e H m c r p o ~ ano y c T a H o s A e H H o r o
+ O P M ~ T ~ .B~IKAWVKY
HPOBOAIIT IIOCAe ~ a 6 o p aK ~ X ~ O E
CTpOKEI B COOTBeTCTBHH
c rIpa.BEIAaMM ~ a 6 o p (BOAKOB~,
a~ 89).
MECAM
TeXHEI'IeCKEi HeBO3MOXHO BbIKNO'IMTb CTPOKY PaBHOMePHbIM j'BeAEI9eHEIeM
E U U YMeHbIIIeHEleM BCeX npo6enoa M e X n y CAOBaMEI, TO j'BeAEI9UBaIoT npo6enb1
B nePB)TO O ' I e p e a b nOCAe TO'IKH, BOCKAEIIJaTeAbHOrO EI BOnPOCMTeAbHOrO 3HaKOB, CTO-
RIuElX B KOHUe npeAAOXeHHSf, ABOeT09HH. ECAH3 T O r 0 H e n O C T a T 0 9 H 0 , TO j'BeAEI'IHBa-
m MemaycAoBHbIe n p o 6 e ~ b rB c T p o K e chess H a n p a B o , B nepnyro osepenb M e m y
nPRMbIMEI ~ Y K B ~ M I IECAEI
. TeXHEI9eCKEi HeBO3MOXHO p a B H O M e p H 0 YMeHbrUkiTb M e X -
np0-
nyCAOBHbIe n p o 6 e ~ b 1n p H BbIKAIo'IKe CTpOK, TO B n e p B F O S e p e A b y M e H b I I I a m
6 e ~ b noche
1 TO'IKEI, c ~ o ~ ~ ~o eH qie ic o K p a W e H H o r o u o s a , H sanxroii. EUEI 3 ~ 0 r o
B K
HenOCTaTOYHO, Y M e H b l l l m n p o 6 e ~ b 1C n p a B a HaAeBO EI B IIepBYIO O ' I e p e n b -M e m y
OKPYrAbIMEI ~YKBBMEIB(BOAKOB~,
89-90).
 H e n b 3 x O C T a B A a b a B I I C I I y 0 , ( K O H U ~ B HenoAHyIO
~) c r p o ~ By B e p x y KOAOHKEI>>(Tex-
206-207).
H o n o r k i r e c K u e EIHCTP~KLZIIEI,

' ~CTHPOBK ~
KOAOHOK - H I p k i s e A e H N e KOAOHOK K 3 ~ i l H H 0 f i BbICOTe. K)CTIIPOBKB
KOAOHOK no C v ZUiaAOrWXHa BbIKAlo'IKe T O K (B OCHOBHOM 3Ha'IeHHkI T~PMIIHB).
He C A ~ Y & H O3TII ~ ~ ~ ~ C TBbIpaXCaroTCX
B ~ I I I OAHNM Pi T e M Xe a ~ ~ . n E i f i c K U M
rAarOAOM -
justify. - 17@.
0 lOc?llpOBKe IlpklxOAHTCII CIIeLlpaAbHO ~ O ~ ~ ~ O T E In Tp U~ YCTpWeHHkI
C R B H C mT O K ,
a T a K m e n p H HaANYIlEl B KOAOHKe BKAlo'IeHllfi, H e KPaTHbIX no BbICOTe CTpOKe OCHOB-
HOrO TeKCTa ( ~ l o C T p PY~PMKII,~ , A A H ~ ~ ~ KCTPOKE.1,
H, BbIAeAeHHbIe AP)TIIM K e r -
AeM, +0pM)'Ab1 Pi T. n.). ~ C T E ~ ~ Y XnOp ITI nOMOI.UH BrOHKH H BbIrOHKM, 3 8 CYeT B a p b H -
pOBaKElri O T ~ I I B O K (~K p W X e ~ c K k d i ,1,138).

10 Kopmopb~.< < C o s n a ~ e ~cnmaae ne, M e m c n o s m I x npo6eno~

B Tpex H 6onee c T p o K a x
IIOApW. Ha 3mCiAe 3TO H a 3 b I B W T pe~ofi,p p b e M , YN?L&, ~ a H a B o f i ,TpeI.UHHofi,
~ a p a I I H H 0 fH A X K e C O ~ ~ Y ~ H3MyM6 a ~Ue~poCTb,
~. C~o~opo T iIi ~ O ~ P ~OAapMnH+ ~ I
M e A K F , 3 ~ 3 0 A N ~ e C Kn N
O l f B M I O I . U ~ C RA e T a h b M e T a + o p k I ' I e c ~ u ~NMeHaMH,
~~ r0-
B o p mo ~ e n p a x 3 ~K1 Kl o p w o p a ~ Cornac~o
. T ~ ~ J X H U H O H ~ nI M p a s I l n a M ~ a 6 o p OHH
a
~ e r n e n a ~ e - ~kibn0mexa-r
~ y C T p i l H e m n ( K p H ' I e ~ c ~ k I f i1,57).
,
no T e x m r e c K m n p a B m a M na6opa ~ o p ~ H~e oA opn y m B T p e x C T p o K a x B KHNX-
HbIX N3AZlHHXX, B 'IeTbIpeX -B N 3 HH~OPM
~ ~ U E I O H~ H ~ I X
IIpOAOAXaIOUINXCR,
,
B mypaanax, (MNM'INH,177).
 A 6 3 a u ~ b 1 i iO T C T p . ~ C O T BCH?a Y~a~n e H a ~ a h b H ~ CTPOKH,
fi KA~CCEI'I~CKU
Pi,~ n
~oma-
A@, ~ m 6 o n e ec o s e p r u e ~ ~ cnoco6
b 6 a6saua. B XVI s e K e OH n p H r u e n
0603~ase~~111
H a CMeHy A p e B H e M y I I a p a ~ a + H o M y 3HaKY. B M ~ WTOo r 0 w 0 6 b 1 BIMCbIBaTb EIAH Brie-
Ya?arBa?a sapa~eeo T s e a e H n b I e n y c T b r e M e c r a , m n o r p a + ~perunm or-
3 ~ SnH ~ K NB
PaHEIYIITbCX CitMEIMEI n p 0 6 e ~ a -~C ~B O ~ O ~ P ~ ~ H 3~ IaMp yI I6 ~ a ~Htai CTBOAe TeKCTa>>
( K ~ E ~ ~ B c 1,9).
K&,
A63a4xbG mcryn- ~rrpo6ehB H a s a n e nep~oiiq o m a63ma, HWASSAHO nonsepmaro
nepexon K HOBOMY TeKCM)BOMy KJ'CKY. A~S~IJHLIG -0 3aCTaB-eT W T M Ha
m o s e m e O C T ~ H O B ~ I BI ,n y M a T b c x B osepenqm nopumo npowamxoro, OCOBH~TL,
wo Aahbme ~ B T O p e x o A m K HOBO& ~pyroii
n e~ ~OPJ..T,HH, y K O T O P O ~yxce
~ HecKo~mcm o a
3 a ~ ( a r a ,moii cm101. T ~ K M M
oGpa30~, U~AA a63aunoro mcyna - eaenam wenerne
T e K m a H a a63aub1HWAH,WHM, r p a + m e c ~s ~m m w (h- 10). ,

4 OGpa-~fi a63auhb1C OTCT~II, HAEI 0 6 e p ~ y ~ ~a 16 i3i a ~ ~ ~o 1~ici ~ y-na B T x x c K a B a63a-

ue BCeX T O K , K p O M e I I O A H O ~ O P M ~nep~oji T H O ~ CTPOKEI, H a 1-2 KereALHbIX. B 6 ~ 6 -
A E ~ O ~ ~ C ~ C + Y ~ C K E I X M3AaHIIXX EI TeKCTaX C HYMepOB-bUIEI 3aIlMCSIMEI 0 6 p a ~ ~ b 1 fa6-
3 a u H b I i i OTcTyn 0 6 ~ e r s a e ~
IIOIlCKIl 3 a I l E I ~ e i ino HOMepaM. O ~ H ~~K a 6Oo pC TaKElM
a63awbm OTCTynOM M O X e T IIpEIBeCTll K 3aMeTHOMY YMeHbUIeHIIH) eMKOClX I I e 9 a T -
H o r o mcra, O C O ~ ~ H HKOo r a a a63aub16onbmoro 0 6 ~ b e (Mmbsm, ~a~ 241).
5 CM. ( ~ [ O H O M ~ P ~ H K 2000,126-128)
O, - m.
' CM. ( ~ [ O H O M ~ ~ ~ H2000,
KO, 127) - nep.
 T e x ~ H Y e c ~ n~plaeB H n a BePCTKH AOIIyCKaKlT s a s e p c ~ b ~ n Ba ~0b6 0 p ~ yTOAbKO T ~ ~ A H -
UbI HAEI HAAlOCTpaUHEi, W H p H H a KOTOpbIX C O T ~ M B K OyXe
~ ~ + O P M ~ T CTPOKH
~ H e Me-
H e e YeM H a K B a A p a T a . ~ I YCTaHaBAHBaroT
2-3 x B H a P Y X H O e nohe, a n P H ABYX H M H ,
crparJkIxx 0 6 0 p ~ yH a nonoce ~ ~ o p yB m
B K o p e m o B o e none, ecnw H e T H H ~ I Xy ~ a 3 a ~ ~ G
~ s ~ a ~ e n b He c ~ A~o nay c. K a e T c x saaepcm~sa~b unnmcTpaum H ~ a 6 n ~ s ob nrH o r o
+ o p ~ a ~TOa B O ~ O P K Y ,TO B pa3pe3 TeKCTa" (MHA~YHH, 68).
O 6 o p ~ a- <<TeKCT,~ a 6 p m ~ b 1Hi ai 6onee y3KHG + o ~ M ~ Ts ,e M ~ C T H O B A ~ H H ~ IAAX G
H3,4aHHSI + O ~ M ~ ~T O A H O ~
CTpOKH, AAX 3aBepCTKM C ~ O K YOT H e r 0 H M l O C T p a U H H HAH
(MHA~YHH,
T~~AHU~ I* 239).
<<P~~AHYW
CAeAyIoLL(He
T OCHOBHbIe B m b I BepCTKH TeKCTa C KAHWe: O T K p b I T M BepCT-
K a , n p H K O T O P O ~ KAHIIIe Y C T a H a B A H B W T BBepXY HAH BHH3Y IIOAOCbI (KAMIIIe n p H
3TOM COIIPHKaCaeTCSI C TeKCTOM OAHOG HAH ABYMII CTOPOH~MH); 3 a K p b I T M B e P C m a ,
npH KOTOPOG KAHIIIe 3aBepCTbIBaKlT BHYTpb TeKCTa ( K A H W ~n p H 3TOM COIIpHKaCaeTCII
c MM ~ B P X - B e p c n c a apaspes - HAH T p e M x - sepclxa B o 6 o p ~ y- m o p o e a ~ a ) ;
myxax nepclxa, npti ~ o ~ o p oKinin w e s a ~ p b l T~e oK c T o M c Y e T b I p e x CTOPOH (ABYCTO-
p o ~ m xo6op~a);B e p c T K a H a nonxx MAH c B ~ I X O A O MH a none. Kn~lmeM o m e T 3am-
M a m BCK) nonocy - n o n o c H o e KnMrue, (Bon~osa, 315-316).
9 ccllpki aasepcnce K n H m e apaspes H ~ X H O0 6 e c n e ~ mn p m o ~ ~ oCTPOK.
m &x ~ T O ~ O
~ O ~ C ~ I B a KCKOAbKO
l T , CTpOK OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa ~ e 0 6 ~ 0 , q m o C nOAOCbI, YTO-
CHfiTb
6b1 sasepc~an
KnHruen (Bon~osa,316).
12 c c B e p c m a nonoc A O A X H P ~ L I T Ln p k i ~ o f l ~ o j Yi ,T O ~ L ICTpOKIl TeKCTa H e Y e ~ H o j nOnOCLI
i
IIpHXOAIlnHCb B TO'IHOCTEI IIpOTEiB CTPOK TeKCTa Y ~ T H O GIIOAOCLI)> ( T e x ~ 0 ~ 0 r a Y e c ~ ~ e
187).
HHCT~Y~CUHH ,

13 c c 9 a c ~ xT e K c T a , n a 6 p a ~ ~ b m
r ep a + ~ oM~e w i l r r e r o ann 6on~meroK e r n s , s e M Kernb
OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa, AOAXHLI ~ L I T LIIpEiBeaeHLI ( n p H IIOMOlIlEi O T ~ B B O K ) n0 AAkIHe
K P a 3 M e P Y , KPaTHOMY KerAH) L U ~ M * T ~ OCHOBHOrO TeKCTa. npki ~ a 6 o p eOCHOBHOrO
TeKCTa H a UInOHLI K W A e M CTPOK TeKCTa A O A X H a CYMTaTLCII CyMMa K e r A R I I I ~ u * T ~ Pi
TOAWMHLI UlIIOHa> ( T e x ~ o h o r n ~ e c IIHCTPYKUHN,
~ne 187).
CM. ( ~ O H O M ~ P ~ H K2000,72-76)
O, - Dep.
CM. ( ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ H2000,
K O , 136-137) - nep.

1 Aoro~nn- c c n u T e p a pyworo ~ a 6 o p ca ~aa6onee~ I I O T ~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ A L H cLnIoMr aI MI a HAN

name UOB~MH. AO~OTMII~I n p m e H a n s c L H a p a ~ ~ eCiTi~ A M HK H n r o n e Y a T u n s AM
T o r o , 9 ~ 0 6y~c 1
~ o p m npouecc
b ~a6opa,,(MHALYUH, 199).
K O , 115)
CM. ( ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ H2000, - DeP.

4 c c T n p e AOAXHO O T ~ H B ~ T L CnXp o 6 e n a ~ a
c o6eax CTOPOH: " C s a c ~ ~-e TO KOrAa ~ e 6 9
~ O H I I M ~ K Y T "P.a H b l r r e , B 3 n O X y MeTahAHYeCKOrO ~ a 6 o p aGAR
, 3 T O r 0 HCnOAL30BaAH
, e c n npo6en~1~ a h o iUIIIPHHLI,
" Y ~ K Hu~n a ~ n n "TO i M mipe c OT~HBKBMIIH e pacnon-
3ahOCL H a IIOACTPOKH. B K0MnLH)TePHOM ~ a 6 o p em n a u H H ) 3aMeHRH)T n p o 6 e n o ~
C$IIKCIIPOB~HHO~ UIUPIIHLI, 6onee Y3KIIM, Y e M O ~ L I Y H L I XOTII ~ ~ , 3 T 0 MHOrAa 3aTPyAHX-
eT c + o p ~ ~ p o s a C T~~ O
~KeI I . H e p a 3 p b 1 ~ ~ b Inpo6en
ii nepen T H p e T e M 6onee p e c T e H ,
YTO B cepeanae n p e A n o x e H a s T x p e H e nonxwo n e p e x o A n T L H a cnenymwyro CTPOKY
H HaYIIHaTL ee* ( U ~ ~ ~ 22). IHOB~,
 2) 0 npn H e o x w a H H o M nepexone OT OAHOG MLICAH K npyroG M e x -
6 0 3 ~ a ~ mnay3y
b
ny n p e A n o x e H m M n ; 3) y ~ a 3 BaH~a Y~a h e T e K c r a , STO
n p o A o n m a e T c z p e s b , npepam-
O T c ' r y m e x w e M ; 4) O ~ O ~ H ~ S M nTpLO n y C K CAOB B u m a T e n (MMALSHH,
Haa ~OA~UIUM
215-216).

N9MkI
<<~H~K 8 O T ~ M B W TOT M ~ ~ e3af HElMH
i UM+PLI Y3KMM Hepa3pbIBHLIM npo6e-
O H e A a e T U E I + P ~ M *OTBahHBaTLCR,
AOM: OH MeHLUIe O ~ L I S H O ~ Pi IIpU ~ O P M ~ ~ P O B ~ H U H
CTPOKW. M H O ~ O ~ H ~SYk i H c ALa yI f~l 0 6 ~ 0 SMTaTb, ecnn OHM p a 3 6 m ~ 1H a ~ O P X A K I I :
9 876 543. IIpo6es1 s n e c ~- TOALKO H ~ ~ ~ ~ P L I B IHI Lp Io ~c .~ b M~ eA e c x r u s H L I e A p o -
6~ H e O T ~ H B W IJeAOf SaCTEf: 0,5; I1h2,T a K Xe K a K M MaTeMaTMSeCKMe 3HaKEi
OT T
(-5+100:4) n 0 6 0 3 ~ a ~ eCTeneHM ~ m ( ~ 2 ) %CAO
. OT p a 3 ~ e p ~ o m~ n ,a n p o ~0~6uaa-
n~,
HIT H e p a 3 p b I B H b I M n p 0 6 e h o ~3: KF, 200 KBT. B c e r ~ a O T ~ U B ~ H IHepa3pLIBHLIM
T npo-
6 e n o ~HHHUM~ALIOT r $ a ~ m n kA. C . ~ ' ~ ~ L U K NB.H ,BLICO~KHG. ~ I H U U M ~~ApLyI OT
r
A p p a O T ~ U B ~ TY3KHM L Hepa3pLIBHLIM np06eh o~,a HHI1IlHahLI OT +~MUAIIEI 0 6 ~ 1 ~ -
HLIM H e p a 3 p L I B H L I M n p o 6 e n o ~ .A ~ a h o r n r ~CoCOKpPIUeHMXMM T M n a UM T. A.">
(LLIarm~oaa,23).

10 EyKs~ua- a n e p s a r r 6 y ~ s aH a s a n m o r o cnosa KHMrn, m a B L 1 , p a s ~ e n anpoasne~e- ,

HEIR, p e A M r e H H m no p a 3 ~ e p y( K e r A ~ o )no CPaBHeHMIO C 06b1'1~0G H a ' I a A b H ~ f i6 y ~ -
BOG, H e p e a K O C O S e T a e M a R C U M H I C T ~ ~ U MB~E~I H~ L, ~ T K O ~O~P,H ~ M ~ H T I I K O~~~. P U M ~ H X -
~ A S IT o r o , ~ 0 6 n o~A q1e p K H y m H a q u o n p o ~ 3 s e ~ e m x wn~ero S a m n H a c T p o m
SFiTaTeAX H a H y X H O e BOCIIpUXTUe IIOCAeAJ'IO~erO TeKCTa. no TeXHHYeCKUM n p a B M -
1 3 a r o n o ~ o-~~ ~ a s s a B~n yaT ep e H H e r o nonpa3~enan p o ~ s s e ~ e( ~~ m~ B Lnaparpa-
I ,
+a, sacrx, pasnena) M n a ~ s ~ a(pasnena, ~ ~ r Yr a c T n , ~ A ~ M ~ H Tannapa~a);
OB ~assa~~ie
~ T p y K ~ y p H oYf ~i C T EPY~PIIKEI
I BCIIOMOfaTeALHOrO ~ K ~ ~ ~ T ~ M , O ~ O ~ H ~ o61.e~~
Y ~ H J I I I ~ %
n o w c r t a ; nassa~ue, onpenensmwee H o M e p M T e M y T ~ ~ A E I U Lconepmmae
I, ee CTPOK EI
rpa+ (MUA~YMH, 122).

3 B~~~enem i e - aCTpYKTYpHOe OTrpaHMYeHMe TeKCTa MHOfOCTpOYHLIX UMTaT,

YMTaT
HaYEIHaHJUUXCR C n o ~ o i CTPOKM,
i OT aBTOpCKOr0 TeKCTa T e M EIAEI MHLIM C ~ O C O ~ O M .
B b ~ n e n e ~ UMTaT
u e 06nenae~ YHTaTeAH) OpMeHTEipOBKY B CTpOeHMM TeKCTa, H a r M A -
HO O T A e M f i H a ' I a h O M KOHeLl UMTaTbI M IIOMOraR ~ L I C T ~ HaXOAllTL
O npOAOAXeHMe
aBTOpCKOr0 TeKCTa, a T a K X e j'IIpOIUaeT IIOMCK UUTaTLI A M CnpaBKM* (MMAL'IMH,
76).
 Kono~un+pa - < < I I O p s i n ~ O ~ bU
IfiH ~ p 0 H~O0M e~p C?paHHL&I H3AaHHR HAH c ~ o n 6 ~ a
( n p H HyMepaUHH no C T O A ~ U ~ MP) a. ~ n O h a l ' a I O TK O A O H I J H + ~ B~ HElXHeM HAH B e p X H e M
none c T p a H H U b I ( p e n K O B ~ O K O B O MH a P Y X H O M nohe) B CaMbIX P a 3 H b I X MeCTaX: OT
~ p m~a6opa,nocepenme + o p ~ a ~~ a 6 o p aH T. n., H a P ~ B H O MP a c c r o I I H m i OT ~ p m
~a6opa,pJ'KOBO~CTByXCbLUarOM ~ O n y A b ~ OCeTKH
fi EmH IIPOH3BOAbHO B ~ I ~ P ~ H H ~ I M
OTCIYIIOM. IT0 TeXHkiYeCKHM I I p a B H A a M BepCTKH KOAOHUHC$~Y H e CTaBXT H a TWlyAb-
HOM AIICTe, er0 o6opo~e,CTpaHHUe C npeABbIIIyCKHbIMH H BbIIIyCKHbIMH AaHHbIMH,
C T p a H H U a x , KOTOpbIe UeAHKOM 3aHATbI HAAIOCTpaLIIIXMH (38 HCKAKlZIeHIleM HajFIHO-
TeXHHYeCKHX H3naHIlfi), H a KOHIJeBbIX CTPBHHIJaX I l p H BePCTKe K O A O H U I ~ C ~ ~BP ~HIH X -
HeM none, H a c r r y c ~ o ~ bc T~pxa H H u a x npn sepcnce KOAOHIJH+P~I BBepxy, H a ~meii-
K a X H I I p ~ ~ ~ c n e f i K HaKHnKaX,
ax, B K A W K a X > >(MHALYHH,
167).

l1 < < n p H3 a B e p C T K e K O A O H I J H + ~ BHH3Y nOAOCbI HX H e H y X H O CTaBIlTb B KOHIJeBbIX IIOAO-

CaX; IIpM 3 a B e p C T K e K O A O H U H ~BBePXY
~ IIOAOCbI HX H e H y X H O CTaBIlTb B HaYaAbHbIX
nonocax. He CTaBKl' KOAOHIJH+IPLI T a m eHa nonocax C BbIXOAHLIMH CBeAeHMXMH, H a
LUMyUTHTj'AaX H H a IIOAOCax, nOAHOCTbIo 3aHSlTbIX KAHIIIe,, (T~XHOAOIU ~~CKH
EWCT-
PYKUHH, 189).
l2 ~<KOAOHIJH+PM AOAXHbI G L H ~ G ~ ~ HI I LI ~IH ~ P T o MTOG Xe r a p H H T Y p b I , YTO H TeKCT,
ecnx H e T npyrm yxcasmuii>>( T e x ~ o n o r m e c H ~ H~CeT P J ' K U ~ , 189).
l3 < < K O A O H TIIOMeIIJa30T
~~A~I Ha HaYaAbHbIX HOAOCax H IIOAOCXX, non-
BBePXj' IlOAOCbI.
HOCTbH3 3aHSiTbIX KAHIIIe, KOAOHTHTyAOB H e CTaB$iT, eCAH H e T O C O ~ ~ IYX K ~~~HHG
B T ~ X H H Y ~ C KAoKyMeImaIJHH,
O~~ (Tex~onomsec~ ~e
HHcTpyKIJHH, 189).
l 7 ];IoLJIE~cL - gTeKCT IIOA XAAloCTpaUkIefi, KOTOPLI~~C B R 3 L I B a ~ Tee C OCHOBHLIM TeK-
CTOM, onpeneme-r ee T e M a m s e c K o e conepxaxwe, n o x c H x e T H C ~ O A L ~ O B ~ H HBLHI ~~ G
YCAOBHbIe 0 6 0 3 ~ a r e m M coo6wae~ AOlTOAHHTeAbHyIO TeXHMreCKyIO XapaKTepMcTII-
KY O P ~ H ~ ~ - W C T O ' I H k IMKCBeAeHHX
a 0 MeCTe er0 XpaHeHMX>>(MMALZIMH, 285).
18 .&MH~ 90, n o ~ n H~e nonxwa
c ~ 6~n-L 6 o n ~ m e~ U M P M H K~ IA n m e . ~ O A ~ n0.a
C H
KnMrue ~a61.ipaxrr6e3 a 6 s a ~ an; o c n e n H m m c r p o ~ ya b r m m s a m nocepenme>>(Tex-
HOAOlXkIYeCKMe MHcTpyKUEIH, 205).

21 CHOCK^ - c < n o M e u a e M L I e BHMBY n o n o c L r n p H M e s m n e , 6 ~ 6 n u o r p a + ~ r e c ~CCLIA-

ax
K a , IIepeBOA ~ O X B L I ' I H O r OTeKCTB, CBX3aHHLIe C OCHOBHLIM TeKCTOM 3HaKOM CHOCKMB
358).
(MMA~W~H ,

22 nonc~posnoen p a M e s a H u e - ccnpHMesame, pa3~eme~~

BHoMe ~ Y~ O A O C L Inoa oc-
HOBHLIM TeKCTOM B B W e CHOCKM M CBX3aHHOe C HMM 3HaKOM CHOCKkI - UH+POB~IM
HOMepOM HAM B B ~ ~ A O ~H aK BepXHIOlO
O ~ ~ AHHHIO CTPOKM. ~OACTPO'IH O~
IIpFiMesaHMe
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1. Bringhurst, R. The elements of typographic style. -
Vancouver: Hartley & Marks, 1996.
2. Lawson, A. Anatomy of a Typeface. - Boston:
David R. Godine, 1990.
3. Lawson, A. & Agner D. Printing Types. - Boston:
Beacon Press, 1990.
4. Nesbitt, A. T h e History and Technique of
Lettering. - New York: Dover, 1998.
5. Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers, 39h
Edition. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
6. Words into Type, 3rd Edition. -New York: Prentice-
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1974.
7. A n b 6 e p ~A. ~ ~ 6 ~ u o r p a ~ ~ . ccbInKa.
1 e c ~ a-
s
fie^: H a y ~ o s anyhlrca, 1983.
8. Eacm 0 . ~ o m r p a + m e c m i iCAoBapb. - M.: b-
ra, 1964.
9. E H ~ A. ~ B~aqane
B npo6enoa He 6bm0.//Publish. -
1997. - NGI4.
458 Cnuco~aonon~ume~axoi
numepamypal

16. E+HMOBB. h p H ~ H q aCecTpa , namaaml. / / K ~ ~ c M- B 1996.

. - NQ2.
17. E+IIMOBB. Kypcxsme H xapHbIe poAmemmH. // Kypcas. - 1996. - Ns 3.
18. E+HMOBB. H ~ O ~ ~ I K H O IlpHKAH39eHIIR B ~ H H ~ I ~ U I P I I + T ~ Helvetlca B POCCHX. //
Publish. - 1998. - NQ5-6.
19. E+IIMOBB. H o ~ b p~m e cme B p e ~ e ~ a . fleTeKTMBHaXIlCl'OpH$iJ.LIpn+Ta Times
New Roman. // Publish. - 1999. - NQ4.
20. E+IIMOBB., LIIMeneBa A. CKOA~KO UIPEI+TOB H ~ X H OAAX cyacnx. // K ~ C X B -.
2000. - NQ5. -2001. - NQ1.
21. H ~ a ~ ~ ~ M. r uM kmm p m morpa+c~oron y ~ no~ ~ ~~ HaK T//Publish. ~M. - 2003. - Ne 3.
22. Kanp A. 3 c ~ e m x.icKycCTsa
~a mp~~+~ -aM.:
. K ~ a r a1979.
,
23. h p c a ~ o sA. Web-~nsaii~: K m a &.mrpm &ipcaHosa. - C176.: CIIMBOA-nhmc,
1999.
24. KpmeacKI& B. Tmorpa+ma B TepmHax EI o6pasax. - M.: Cno~o/Slovo,2000.
25. M x n b r t ~A.~ kI3flaTehb~KHfiCAOBaph-CnpaBO'IHHK. - M.: mpHCI-b, 1998.
26. MOMH A. T e x ~ o h o m+ o ~ o ~ a 6 o p a-. M.: K ~ x r a1978. ,
27. H e ~ n p o s dE. Texmmecme H O B ~ I J JMorama ~ Tyre~6epra.// Kypcm - 1997. -Ne 1.
28. n o ~ o ~ a p C. e ~Adobe
~ o InDesign: .4~3& H sepcnca. - Cn6.: EXB-IIe~ep6pr,2000.
29. ~ O H O M ~ ~ ~ C. ~ OK C H~BeKTOp.
H K A HpHHJJliIlb1JJli+po~OfiI'pacjXim. - (2176.: E m -
rIe~ep6ypr,2002.
30. P y ~ e p3 . T m o r p a + ~ ~nepeson
a. c HeMeuKoro, n o c n e c n o s x e - ~ o ~ ~ e ~ ~M
a paI~lci ix -
Ma X ~ o s a - . M.: h a , 1982.
31. ~ E A. ~ Ci H X O A ~O ~ WBOCIIPHXTHSI
I ~ IUpII+Ta - ~ 0 ~ X a h b ~ bIII f3i~ 0 L @ i 0 ~ a h b ~ b 1 f i
Komerccr. 1Publish - 2001. - NQ10.
32. CAOsapb H3AaTehbCKkiX TePMHHOB. - M.: K ~ n r a 1983. ,
33. C O A O B ~ K.~Kypc
B ~ C O B ~ ~ M ~ HMaUIHHOIIkICH.
H O ~ ~ - M.: ~ K O H O M E 1976
IK~,
34. Cnpasoq~asKmra peaamopa a KoppeKTopa. - M.: h r a , 1985.
35. T e x ~ ~ l r e c peflmpoaaHae.
~oe nofl pena~uaefiB. kI. P b ~ s r a ~-a M.: . K ~ x r a1977.
,
36. T e x ~ o n o r n u e c r~ n~ ec ~ p y ~ nos xH~~ ~ O P H ~npoueccaM.
IM - M.: MCKYCCTBO, 1955.
37. T o o ~ cB. COBpe~eH~blfi E ~ ~ M +- T .M.: b r a , 1966.
38. UTarm~oaaH. ripaskina ~ a 6 o p a sepcrxx: TaK AH ym OHH H ~ ~ E . I // ? K~PCIIB -
1997. - NQ3.
39. m ~ e n e s aA. ~ a c c ~ IUPII+TOB: ~ ~ ~npaKTxKa a ~ x~ np06Ae~b1.
x // Publish -
2003. - NQ1.
p ~ b ~ e - Cn6.: EXB-ne~ep6ypr,1994.
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Bembo 72
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Bodoni 73, 106, 252
Bodoni (Linotype) 50
Bookman Italic 66
Caslon 540 (Linotype) 55, 112
Centaur 111
Centaur (Monotype) 50
Centential (Bell) 56
Century 53, 109
Century Expander 252
Century Old Style 68
Cheltenham (Bitstream) 111
Clearface (ITC) 112
Clearface Gothic (Linotype) 112
Courier 119
Elite 125
Friz Quadrata (ITC) 38
Frutiger 191
Futura 43, 62, 191
Futura (Bauer) 50
Futura Heavy 63
Galliard (ITC) 55
Garamond 140
Garamond (Adobe) 191
Garamond (ITC) 63, 109
Gill Sans (Monotype) 50
Gill Sans Italic 66
Gillard (ITC ) 50
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Goudy Old Style (Monotype) 55
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Algorithmic hyphenation 208
Algorithmic kerning 246
Alignment 257
Alternate fonts 92
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Baseline grid 273
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Bibliography 341
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Color 154 Exception dictionary 21 1
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Dieresis 91 Finials 287, 294
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Discretionary hyphen 209 Fleurons 287
Display type 10 Folio 273
Dots per inch 23 Follow-on style 388
Down style 315 Font embedding 148
DPI. CA. Dots per inch Font I. D. conflict 147
Drop cap 163, 308 Font manager 98
Dropped folio 326 Font sets 98
Dropped initial capital 308 Footnote 332
Fraction 287
Fraction bar 129, 297
Fraktur 102
Frame 273
Ellipsis points 300
Em38
Em dash 127, 299
ER dash 127, 299 Graphical user interface 135
En space 41 Grave 91
&.coding 87 Grid 273
Grid fitting 24
Gutter 273
Leaders 324
Leading 122, 175
Legend 331
Legibility 154
H&J. Ca.Hyphenation
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and justification
Ligature 85, 291
Hanging figure 290
Line feed 122
Hanging indent 263
Line spacing 122
Hard hyphen 207,209 Linecasting machine 17
Headline style 315 Lining numerals 289
Hinting 25, 83 Logotype 291
HTML 408 Lower case 11
Hyphen 127, 299 Lowercase figures 290
Hyphenation and justification 195
Hyphenation zone 208

Mean line 189

Measure 120, 169, 174
In reverse 115 Misregistration 114
Indent on point 264 Multiline H&J 202
Indention 257 No break 203
Inferior 295 Nonbreaking hyphen 210
Jump lines 328
Jump page 328
Justification 16, 42, 195
Justification zone 221 Offset lithography 17
Old-style figures 92, 287, 290
Old-style numerals. Chi. Old-style figures
Optical kerning 246
Kerning 239 Ornaments 287
Kerning table 81, 241 Orphan 230
Keywords 338 Outdent 263
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Outline format 322 Reference mark 336
Overrides 394 Relative units 37
Overstrike 127 Rendering 405
Return 122
Reverse indention 263
RIP 139. CM. malcxe Raster
Page size 119 image processor
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P~-KoMIIA~KT~I 70 Rule-fill 126
P i - C ~ B O302
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Pica 33 Running head 273, 327
Pixel 79 Running indent 257, 259
Plug-in 387
Point 33
Point size 174 S
Points of ellipsis 300 Sentence style 315
Pop cap 308 Set width 110, 189
postscript 21 Shaped margin 265
Punctuating em dash 299 Side bearing 7, 156
Skewed margin 265
Slash 129, 297
Small capitals 287
Quad 123
Small caps. CM. Small capitals
Quad middle 124
Soft hyphen 128, 209
Quad-center 124
Quad-left 123 Soft return 122
Quad-right 123 Solid 175
Solidus 129, 297
Spread 327
Standing cap 308, 3 11
Ragged-margin 204 Standing initial
Raster image processor 22 capital. CM. Standing cap
Readability 101, 154 Straddle entry 347
Straddle head 346
Strike-through 127
Stroked path 359 Underscore 125
Stub column 345 Up style 315
Style sheet 387 Upper case 11
Subentry 339
Superiors 294
Suspension points 300
Swash character 287, 293
Variable dot size 27
Vector fonts 79
Verso 327
Tab entry 345 Vertical justification 181, 232
Tab stop 130 Vertical space band 181
Table of contents 324 Virgule 129, 297
Template 387
Terminal characters 294
Terminal letters 287
Text frame 179
Text on a path 253 Widow 230
Thin space 41 Width table 80
Tilde 91 Wrap 265
Titling characters 287 WYSIWYG 136
Titling face 111
TOC. CA.. Table of contents
Toggle 135 X
Tracking 199, 239
Trim size 37, 174 x-height 188
Turnover line 323
Type color 8
 ISBN 5-94157-345-6

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