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ÌÏÊ 7
G 09 B 23/10, 27/08
(51)
ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ
ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ,
ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ
(12)
ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ
(21), (22) Çà âêà: 2004118440/28, 18.06.2004 (72) Àâòîð(û):
Ãîõøòåéí À.ß. (RU)
(24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 18.06.2004
(73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(ëè):
(43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 20.10.2004 Ãîõøòåéí Àëåêñàíäð ßêîâëåâè÷ (RU)
(45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 10.11.2005 Áþë. ¹ 31
R U
(56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î
ïîèñêå: RU 2131610 C1, 10.06.1999.
SU 1233206 A, 23.05.1986.
US 3835554 A, 17.09.1974.
2 2 6 3 9 7 4
FR 2575575 A1, 27.07.1986.
FR 2687822 A1, 27.08.1993.
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êà÷åñòâå íàãë äíîãî ïîñîáè â ó÷åáíûõ âòóëêå, ðàñïîëîæåííîé â ñòåíêå îáîëî÷êè.
ïðîãðàììàõ è äë àíàëèçà àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèõ Îãðàíè÷èòåëü ïîâîðîòà âûïîëíåí â âèäå
âëåíèé â íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíè õ. Èçîáðåòåíèå êðèâîøèïà, îäèí êîíåö êîòîðîãî ñêðåïëåí ñî
íàïðàâëåíî íà îáåñïå÷åíèå âîçìîæíîñòè ñòåðæíåì, à äðóãîé êîíåö èìååò ïàç, êóäà âõîäèò
2 2 6 3 9 7 4
RU
âðàùàòåëüíûìè àâòîêîëåáàíè ìè ðàñïëàâà â ïàðàìåòðîâ ïðåöåññèè ëèòîñôåðû ñëåäóåò îöåíêà
ïîëîñòè ìàíòèè ñ ïåðèîäîì, ðàâíûì âðåìåíè â çêîñòè àñòåíîñôåðû ïîð äêà 10 14 Ï. 13 ç.ï.ô-
îáðàùåíè òâåðäîãî äðà ïî îðáèòå. Èç ëû, 35 èë.
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C 2
C 2
2 2 6 3 9 7 4
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Ñòðàíèöà: 2
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION (19) (11) (13)
Cl. 7
G 09 B 23/10, 27/08
(51) Int.
FEDERAL SERVICE
FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY,
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
(12)
ABSTRACT OF INVENTION
(21), (22) Application: 2004118440/28, 18.06.2004 (72) Inventor(s):
Gokhshtejn A.Ja. (RU)
(24) Effective date for property rights: 18.06.2004
(73) Proprietor(s):
(43) Application published: 20.10.2004 Gokhshtejn Aleksandr Jakovlevich (RU)
(45) Date of publication: 10.11.2005 Bull. 31
R U
Mail address:
119296, Moskva, Universitetskij pr-t, 5,
kv.441, A.Ja. Gokhshtejnu
2 2 6 3 9 7 4
(54) DEVICE FOR MODELLING PRECESSION OF LITHOSPHERE AROUND PLANETARY MANTLE
(57) Abstract: of planet lithosphere, the ball inside cover -
FIELD: astronomy. movement of mantle, caused by centrifugal
SUBSTANCE: device has spherical cover, movement of solid core. The rod stands for link,
geometric center of which is held fixed in space connecting lithosphere to mantle at south-pole
and which can rotate. Cover has an opening, area of subject planet. Movement of mantle along
through which passes a vertical rod, carrying a circular orbit is transformed by link to swaying
ball, positioned inside the cover. Opening of of lithosphere. Period of lithosphere sway equals
cover and cross-section of rod are of elongated to time of turn of solid core around orbit inside
shape. End of rod protruding from the cover is the mantle. Western drift of solid core,
C 2
equipped with rotation limiter and enters a calculated on basis of this parameter, matches
C 2
vertical channel at periphery of wheel, which is observed drift of geomagnetic field. This
mounted with possible rotation around vertical coincidence shows reason of inversions of
axis, passing through geometric center of cover. geomagnetic field. These are provided for by
2 2 6 3 9 7 4
The wheel is connected to engine. Cover is filled melting of magnetized cover of solid core and
with liquid and is mounted on three rollers with closing of magnetic field, accumulated at inner
horizontally directed cylindrical spikes. Spike portion of solid core, on melted down cover.
holders are held on upper side of round platform. Western drift of solid core is accompanied by
Lower side of platform has ring-shaped groove and rotary auto-oscillations of melted down substance
is supported by balls, positioned in circular in mantle hollow with period, equal to time of
groove of base. Opening for rod is made in rubber turn of solid core around orbit. Parameters of
bushing, positioned in the wall of cover. lithosphere precession provide estimate of
Rotation limiter is made in form of crankshaft, asthenosphere viscosity of 10 14 Pa order.
one end of which is connected to the rod, and EFFECT: higher efficiency, broader functional
other end has groove, holding a fixed cylindrical capabilities.
pin. During modeling, cover reproduces movement 1 cl, 35 dwg
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Ñòðàíèöà: 3
EN
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Ñòðàíèöà: 4
C 2 2 2 6 3 9 7 4 R U
RU 2 263 974 C2
DE
RU 2 263 974 C2
Åñëè âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé øàð 99 äîñòàòî÷íî áûñòðî óäàëåí, ãîðá 100 ðàñïëàâà íåêîòîðîå
âðåì ñîõðàíèò ñâîþ ôîðìó áëàãîäàð èíåðöèè (ôèã.25).  äàííîì ñëó÷àå òà æå ñàìà
Ñòðàíèöà: 9
RU 2 263 974 C2
5
ãäå èíäåêñû λ è θ îáîçíà÷àþò ðàäèàëüíóþ è òàíãåíöèàëüíóþ êîìïîíåíòû âåêòîðà.
Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî,
10
15
- âûñîòà ñòîëáà æèäêîñòè íàä ïîâåðõíîñòüþ äðà êàê ôóíêöè óãëà θ.
Íà ýëåìåíò ìàññû æèäêîñòè â âèäå êîëüöà ñ ðàäèóñîì λ sin θ
20 äåéñòâóåò ñèëà (dV/dt)θdm, íàïðàâëåííà ïîä óãëîì π/2-θ ê îñè ñèììåòðèè. ßäðî
âîñïðèíèìàåò åå ïðîåêöèþ íà îñü ñèììåòðèè (ñ îáðàòíûì çíàêîì)
45
Íà äðî â òåêó÷åé ñðåäå äåéñòâóåò öåíòðîáåæíà ñèëà Ñ=mcω 2sc, ãäå ω - óãëîâà
ñêîðîñòü ñóòî÷íîãî âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû. Îòñþäà
Ñòðàíèöà: 11
RU 2 263 974 C2
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äðî ïëàíåòû èìååò äâà ïîëîæåíè ðàâíîâåñè . Ïåðâîå ñîâïàäàåò ñ
5 öåíòðàëüíûì ïîëîæåíèåì è íåóñòîé÷èâî ïðè ëþáîé óãëîâîé ñêîðîñòè âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû.
Âòîðîå óñòîé÷èâî è óäàëåíî îò öåíòðàëüíîãî ïîëîæåíè íà çíà÷èòåëüíîå ðàññòî íèå,
êîòîðîå âîçðàñòàåò êàê êâàäðàò óãëîâîé ñêîðîñòè.
Èç ïîëó÷åííîãî ðåçóëüòàòà ñëåäóåò, ÷òî âñå áåç èñêëþ÷åíè âðàùàþùèåñ ìàññû
êîñìè÷åñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíè , â òîì ÷èñëå ïëàíåòû è çâåçäû, àñèììåòðè÷íû îòíîñèòåëüíî
10 îñè âðàùåíè .
 ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ íàéäåííûì ñäâèãîì s ðàññòî íèå sc îò îñè âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû äî
öåíòðà ìàññ äðà ñîñòàâë åò
íóë ñ ïåðèîäîì, ðàâíûì ïåðèîäó îòíîñèòåëüíîãî îáðàùåíè öåíòðà ìàññ äðà ïî ñâîåé
îðáèòå. Åñëè ïåðèîä äîñòàòî÷íî ìàë (ïîð äêà 1 ãîäà â ñëó÷àå Çåìëè), ðàçíîñòü äàâëåíèé
íå óñïåâàåò ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëè òü íà ôîðìó äðà.
Íàáëþäåíè ìè, íà÷àòûìè â êîíöå 19 âåêà, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî, ÷òî Çåìë ñîâåðøàåò
5 ïóëüñèðóþùóþ ïðåöåññèþ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî (íî íå âñåãäà) â íàïðàâëåíèè ñîáñòâåííîãî
âðàùåíè . Êðóãîâîå ïåðåìåùåíèå ïîëþñîâ ïðèâîäèò ê êîëåáàíè ì øèðîòû, èçìåðåííîé ïî
çâåçäàì.  1891 ãîäó Ñ.×àíäëåð îáîáùèë äàííûå ìíîãèõ îáñåðâàòîðèé è âûäåëèë
êîëåáàíè ïîëþñà ñ ïåðèîäîì 1.2 ãîäà (430 ñóòîê) íà ôîíå ñåçîííûõ êîëåáàíèé ñ
ïåðèîäîì 1 ãîä. Îòíîñèòåëüíî ñðåäíåãî ïîëîæåíè ïîëþñ îïèñûâàåò ðàñêðó÷èâàþùèåñ è
10 çàêðó÷èâàþùèåñ òðàåêòîðèè ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê (çà ðåäêèìè èñêëþ÷åíè ìè) â ïðåäåëàõ
ðàäèóñà (0,40)"=12.3 ì ïðè ñðåäíåì ðàäèóñå (0,14)"=4.3 ì.
×àíäëåðîâñêèå êîëåáàíè ïîëþñà ïðîèñõîä ò ñ áèåíè ìè, óìåíüøà ñü ïî÷òè äî íóë
ðàç â 40 ëåò. Ýòî óêàçûâàåò íà ïðèñóòñòâèå äâóõ èñòî÷íèêîâ êîëåáàíèé ñ áëèçêèìè
÷àñòîòàìè. Îäíèì èç èñòî÷íèêîâ ïðèçíàíà ïðåöåññè îñè âðàùåíè Çåìëè, ïðåäñêàçàííà
15 Ýéëåðîì. Ó÷åò óïðóãîé äåôîðìàöèè Çåìëè, ïðîâåäåííûé Ë âîì è Ëàðìîðîì, ïîçâîëèë
ïîëó÷èòü ñîãëàñèå ñ íàáëþäàåìûì ïåðèîäîì 430 ñóòîê.
Âòîðîé èñòî÷íèê êîëåáàíèé ïîëþñà îñòàâàëñ äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè íåèçâåñòíûì. Â
ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ìîäåëèðîâàíèåì íà ïðåäëîæåííîì óñòðîéñòâå âòîðûì èñòî÷íèêîì
êîëåáàíèé ïîëþñà âë åòñ ïðåöåññè ëèòîñôåðû âîêðóã ìàíòèè ïëàíåòû, âûçâàííà
20 ñïîíòàííûì ñäâèãîì âíóòðåííåãî äðà. Äàííà ïðåöåññè ëèòîñôåðû ïðîèñõîäèò â
íàïðàâëåíèè, îáðàòíîì ïðåöåññèè îñè âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò
ïåðåìåùåíèþ ïîëþñà ñ âîñòîêà íà çàïàä. Íàáëþäàåìà òðàåêòîðè ïîëþñà - ðåçóëüòàò
ñëîæåíè äâóõ ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ äâèæåíèé ñ íåçíà÷èòåëüíûì
ïðåîáëàäàíèåì ïðåöåññèè îñè âðàùåíè Çåìëè.
25 Ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî îòíîøåíè ìàññ äðà è ïëàíåòû (ϑ≤0.01) ñïîíòàííûé ñäâèã äðà Çåìëè
íå çàâèñèò îò ðàçìåðà ïëàíåòû è ïîëîæåíè äâóõ òâåðäûõ îáîëî÷åê - ìàíòèè è ëèòîñôåðû.
Íà íåãî ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå âëè åò òàêæå ñêîðîñòü îòñòàâàíè äðà îò âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû.
Îäíàêî îòñòàâàíèå äðà âûðàæàåòñ â åãî äâèæåíèè ïî êðóãîâîé îðáèòå âíóòðè ïëàíåòû.
Êîëåáàíèå ìàññû äðà ðàñêà÷èâàåò òâåðäûå îáîëî÷êè, êîòîðûå îêðóæåíû æèäêîñòüþ è
30 ïîòîìó ñâîáîäíû â îòíîñèòåëüíîì äâèæåíèè. Ñïîíòàííûé ñäâèã äðà - ïðî âëåíèå
ãðàâèòàöèîííîãî ðàâíîâåñè ñèñòåìû. Èíåðöèîííûå êîëåáàíè âûâîä ò ñèñòåìó èç ýòîãî
ðàâíîâåñè .
Íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñèëà èíåðöèè êîëåáëþùåãîñ äðà âîñïðèíèìàåòñ òâåðäîé ìàíòèåé,
âíåøíèé ðàäèóñ êîòîðîé ðàâåí ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 5970 êì. Â ïðåäåëàõ ýòîãî ðàäèóñà
35 ìàññà mO ìàíòèè ñîñòàâë åò 0.9 îò ìàññû ïëàíåòû.
Çíà÷èòåëüíîå ïðåâîñõîäñòâî ìàíòèè ïî ìàññå íàä äðîì è ëèòîñôåðîé äàåò
âîçìîæíîñòü îòäåëüíî îöåíèòü êîëåáàíè ìàíòèè, âûçâàííûå äðîì, è êîëåáàíè
ëèòîñôåðû, âûçâàííûå ìàíòèåé.
Çàïàäíûé äðåéô öåíòðà ìàññ äðà ïî îðáèòå ñ ðàäèóñîì sc=1.3 êì îòíîñèòåëüíî
40 îáùåãî öåíòðà ìàññ ïðèâîäèò ê çàïàäíîìó äðåéôó öåíòðà ìàññ ìàíòèè ïî îðáèòå ñ
ðàäèóñîì
ãäå Tch=430 ñóòîê - ïåðèîä êà÷àíè ïîëþñà, ε=ha=300 êì - òîëùèíà àñòåíîñôåðû, hl=100
25
êì, rm=5970 êì, ρa=3.8 ã ñì -3, ρl=3.4 ã ñì -3, ga=10 ì ñ -2, gl=9.8 ì ñ -2. Ïðè ðàâåíñòâå
ñèë, Fg=Fs, òå÷åíèå â àñòåíîñôåðå ñïîñîáíî óìåíüøèòü ñìåùåíèå ñëîåâ ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî
íàïîëîâèíó, ÷åìó ñîîòâåòñòâóåò â çêîñòü
30
 äàííûõ óñëîâè õ àìïëèòóäà êîëåáàíèé ïîâåðõíîñòè ëèòîñôåðû ïîð äêà sm/2=2 ì
(íàáëþäàåìà , íàïðèìåð, ïî îòíîñèòåëüíûì êîëåáàíè ì óðîâí îêåàíà) äàâàëà áû äë
â çêîñòè àñòåíîñôåðû îöåíêó 4⋅10 15 Ï.
Îäíàêî ñîãëàñíî íàçåìíûì è ñïóòíèêîâûì äàííûì îá óðîâíå ìîðñêèõ ïðèëèâîâ
àìïëèòóäà èõ ñîñòàâë þùåé ñ ÷àñòîòîé Ω íå ïðåâîñõîäèò 2 ñì (Desai S.D., J. of
35
Georhysical Research, 2002, vol.107 (Ñ11) ð.7,1), òî åñòü îêàçûâàåòñ íà äâà ïîð äêà
íèæå óêàçàííîé âåëè÷èíû sm/2. Îòñþäà ñëåäóåò, ÷òî â çêîñòü ðàñïëàâëåííîé ÷àñòè
àñòåíîñôåðû èìååò ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïîð äîê µd≈10...10 14 Ï, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííî íèæå
çíà÷åíè 10 18 Ï, íàéäåííîãî ïî âðåìåíè ïîäúåìà çåìíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè ïîñëå ñí òè
40 ëåäîâîé íàãðóçêè.
Âìåñòå ñ òåì, îöåíåííà â çêîñòü àñòåíîñôåðû âñå åùå äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêà äë
ïðîâåäåíè ïîïåðå÷íûõ ñåéñìè÷åñêèõ âîëí. Ïîëó÷åííûé çäåñü ðåçóëüòàò îòíîñèòñ ê
îáëàñòè àñòåíîñôåðû, öåíòðàëüíîé ïî ãëóáèíå, òî åñòü íà 100...200 êì ãëóáæå äíà
ëèòîñôåðû.
45 Ñîîòâåòñòâèå ðàññ÷èòàííîé çàïàäíîé êîìïîíåíòû êà÷àíèé ïîëþñà íàáëþäàåìûì
áèåíè ì ïîçâîë åò èñïîëüçîâàòü ÷àíäëåðîâñêèé ïåðèîä äë ðàñ÷åòà îòíîñèòåëüíîé
óãëîâîé ñêîðîñòè Ω îðáèòàëüíîãî äâèæåíè öåíòðà ìàññ äðà ïðîòèâ âðàùåíè ïëàíåòû,
| Ω|«|ω|.
Ïðè ýòîì àáñîëþòíûå óãëîâûå ñêîðîñòè ïëàíåòû è öåíòðà ìàññ äðà ðàâíû
50 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ω è ω- Ω. Åñëè áû öåíòð ìàññ äðà ïåðåìåùàëñ âìåñòå ñ ïëàíåòîé
( Ω=0), òî ìàíòè ñ ðàñïëàâîì â åå ïîëîñòè è òâåðäîå äðî âðàùàëèñü áû êàê ìîíîëèòíîå
òâåðäîå òåëî, òî åñòü áåç óãëîâîãî îòñòàâàíè äðà. Îòñþäà ñëåäóåò, ÷òî âêëàä â
óãëîâîé äðåéô äðà äàåò òîëüêî îòíîñèòåëüíîå ïåðåìåùåíèå åãî öåíòðà ìàññ,
Ñòðàíèöà: 15
RU 2 263 974 C2
îïèñûâàåìîå ïàðàìåòðàìè Ω è s.
 óñëîâè õ âðàùàòåëüíîãî îòðûâà ïîòîêà (ïðè ÷èñëàõ Ðåéíîëüäñà Re>30) ñðåäí ïî
âðåìåíè ñêîðîñòü óãëîâîãî îòñòàâàíè òâåðäîãî äðà îò ïëàíåòû ñîñòàâë åò
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïîëå íå ìîæåò â îáû÷íûõ óñëîâè õ ñîçäàòü ìàãíèòíûé ïîð äîê îò íóë , òàê
êàê ýòî îçíà÷àëî áû íè÷åì íå îáóñëîâëåííîå ïðåèìóùåñòâî îäíîé îðèåíòàöèè ìàãíèòíîãî
ïîë íàä ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé.  áèäèïîëå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïîëå ïðåäïî÷èòàåò îïðåäåëåííóþ
îðèåíòàöèþ ìàãíèòíîãî ïîë .  ýòîì ñìûñëå áèäèïîëü àñèììåòðè÷åí (íàðóøåíà
5 ïðîñòðàíñòâåííà ÷åòíîñòü).
Îòäåëüíîãî âíèìàíè â áèäèïîëå çàñëóæèâàåò åãî ýëåêòðè÷åñêà ÷àñòü: âîçíèêíîâåíèå
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî äèïîëüíîãî ìîìåíòà ó àòîìà, êîòîðûé íå âë åòñ âîäîðîäîïîäîáíûì.
Òàêîé ìîìåíò îáû÷åí äë ìîëåêóëû, íî íå äë àòîìà. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå äèïîëü-äèïîëüíîå
âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó àòîìàìè äàåò îïðåäåëåííûé âêëàä â ýíåðãèþ ñâ çè ìåæäó íèìè è
10 âë åòñ äîïîëíèòåëüíûì ïàðàìåòðîì, îïðåäåë þùèì ñîñòî íèå ñèñòåìû.
Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå òàêîãî ðîäà âîçìîæíî è â îòñóòñòâèå ìàãíèòíîãî ìîìåíòà.
Ãèäðèä æåëåçà, çàïîëí þùèé ïîëîñòü ìàíòèè, òåð åò ñïîñîáíîñòü ê íàìàãíè÷èâàíèþ
ïðè äàâëåíè õ íèæå 300 ÃÏà, òî åñòü çà ïðåäåëàìè öåíòðàëüíîé îáëàñòè ñ ðàäèóñîì 1670
êì. Âíóòðè ýòîé îáëàñòè îêðåñòíîñòü æåëåçîíèêåëåâîãî ñóáú äðà íàìàãíè÷åíà íåçàâèñèìî
15 îò àãðåãàòíîãî ñîñòî íè - äî è ïîñëå ïëàâëåíè .
 òâåðäîì ñîñòî íèè âåùåñòâî áàðîìàãíèòíîé îáîëî÷êè èìååò îäíîäîìåííóþ
ñòðóêòóðó, êîòîðà ýíåðãåòè÷åñêè âûãîäíà äë íàìàãíè÷åííûõ ìàññ áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà è
îáåñïå÷èâàåò ñòàáèëüíîñòü âî âðåìåíè.  ýòèõ óñëîâè õ îáîëî÷êà ñëóæèò ïîñòî ííûì
ìàãíèòîì.
20 Ïðè ïëàâëåíèè èç-çà ðàçðóøåíè äàëüíåãî ñòðóêòóðíîãî ïîð äêà îáîëî÷êà òåð åò
îñòàòî÷íóþ èíäóêöèþ, íî ïðèîáðåòàåò çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ìàãíèòíóþ ïðîíèöàåìîñòü,
õàðàêòåðíóþ äë ìàãíèòîì ãêîãî àìîðôíîãî ìàãíåòèêà. Ñîõðàí ìàãíèòíûé ïîð äîê,
ðàñïëàâëåííîå âåùåñòâî îáîëî÷êè îáðàçóåò ìåçîôàçó, ñïîñîáíóþ ïðè äàëüíåéøåì
ïîâûøåíèè òåìïåðàòóðû ñîâåðøèòü ôàçîâûé ïåðåõîä ê íåìàãíèòíîìó ñîñòî íèþ.
25 Âíóòðè íàìàãíè÷åííîãî øàðà ïîëå îäíîðîäíî (ñèëîâûå ëèíèè ïàðàëëåëüíû), à âíå
øàðà ñîâïàäàåò ñ ïîëåì òî÷å÷íîãî äèïîë .  òâåðäîé íàìàãíè÷åííîé îáîëî÷êå è âíóòðè
íåå ïîëå îäíîðîäíî ïðè ðàâåíñòâå ìàãíèòíûõ ïðîíèöàåìîñòåé îáåèõ îáëàñòåé, ÷òî ñ
äîñòàòî÷íûì ïðèáëèæåíèåì âûïîëíåíî â óñëîâè õ Çåìëè. Áåñïðåï òñòâåííîå ïðîíèêàíèå
ïîë èç òâåðäîé áàðîìàãíèòíîé îáîëî÷êè â ñóáú äðî ñóùåñòâåííî äë ìåõàíèçìà
30 ãåîìàãíèòíûõ èíâåðñèé, â ïðîöåññå êîòîðûõ ñóáú äðî âûïîëí åò ôóíêöèþ àêêóìóë òîðà
ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè.
Èíâåðñèè ãåîìàãíèòíîãî ïîë îáóñëîâëåíû èçìåíåíèåì ñîñòî íè òâåðäîãî äðà
(ôèã.27-33).
Ïðåîáëàäàþùóþ ÷àñòü âðåìåíè (â èíòåðâàëàõ ìåæäó èíâåðñè ìè) òâåðäîå äðî 104
35 Çåìëè ñîäåðæèò òâåðäîå ñóáú äðî 105 è òâåðäóþ áàðîìàãíèòíóþ îáîëî÷êó 106,
îêðóæåííóþ ðàñïëàâîì 107 ïîëîñòè ìàíòèè. Ïðè ýòîì âåùåñòâî îáîëî÷êè âë åòñ
ìàãíèòîòâåðäûì è îáëàäàåò ñîáñòâåííîé íàìàãíè÷åííîñòüþ.
Ñóáú äðî íå íàìàãíè÷åíî. Ñèëîâûå ëèíèè 108, 109 ìàãíèòíîãî ïîë îáîëî÷êè (ôèã.27)
ïðîõîä ò ÷åðåç ñóáú äðî, ðàñïëàâ â ïîëîñòè ìàíòèè, ìàíòèþ è ëèòîñôåðó. Ïî âåëè÷èíå è
40 íàïðàâëåíèþ ïîë íà ïîâåðõíîñòè Çåìëè îäíîðîäíà áàðîìàãíèòíà îáîëî÷êà
ýêâèâàëåíòíà öåíòðàëüíîìó äèïîëþ.
Ïðîöåññ èíâåðñèè íà÷èíàåòñ ïëàâëåíèåì òâåðäîé îáîëî÷êè ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì
ðàñïëàâëåííîé îáîëî÷êè 110, âåùåñòâî êîòîðîé ñòàíîâèòñ ìàãíèòîì ãêèì (ôèã.28).
Ñâ çàííîå ñ ýòèì èçìåíåíèå ìàãíèòíîãî ïîòîêà âîçáóæäàåò â ñóáú äðå è ðàñïëàâå ïîëîñòè
45 ìàíòèè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê, ñòðåì ùèéñ ñîõðàíèòü èñõîäíîå ìàãíèòíîå ïîëå.
Ñî âðåìåíåì èíäóöèðîâàííîå ïîëå ðàññåèâàåòñ : â òâåðäîì ñóáú äðå çà ñ÷åò
äèôôóçèè
Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè
20 1. Óñòðîéñòâî äë ìîäåëèðîâàíè ïðåöåññèè ëèòîñôåðû âîêðóã ìàíòèè ïëàíåòû,
îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îíî ñîäåðæèò ñôåðè÷åñêóþ îáîëî÷êó, ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèé öåíòð
êîòîðîé ôèêñèðîâàí â ïðîñòðàíñòâå è êîòîðà èìååò âîçìîæíîñòü ïîâîðîòà îòíîñèòåëüíî
ýòîãî öåíòðà, â îáîëî÷êå âûïîëíåíî îòâåðñòèå, ÷åðåç êîòîðîå ïðîõîäèò âåðòèêàëüíûé
ñòåðæåíü, íåñóùèé øàð, ðàñïîëîæåííûé âíóòðè îáîëî÷êè, îòâåðñòèå îáîëî÷êè è ñå÷åíèå
25 ñòåðæí èìåþò óäëèíåííóþ ôîðìó, âûñòóïàþùèé èç îáîëî÷êè êîíåö ñòåðæí ñíàáæåí
îãðàíè÷èòåëåì ïîâîðîòà è âñòàâëåí â âåðòèêàëüíûé êàíàë íà ïåðèôåðèè êîëåñà, êîòîðîå
óñòàíîâëåíî íà îñíîâàíèè ñ âîçìîæíîñòüþ âðàùåíè âîêðóã âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè,
ïðîõîä ùåé ÷åðåç ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèé öåíòð îáîëî÷êè, êîëåñî ñîåäèíåíî ñ äâèãàòåëåì.
2. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îáîëî÷êà çàïîëíåíà æèäêîñòüþ.
30 3. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî êîëåñî ðàñïîëîæåíî ïîä îáîëî÷êîé.
4. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî êîëåñî ðàñïîëîæåíî íàä îáîëî÷êîé.
5. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îáîëî÷êà óñòàíîâëåíà íà òðåõ ðîëèêàõ ñ
îðèåíòèðîâàííûìè ãîðèçîíòàëüíî öèëèíäðè÷åñêèìè øèïàìè.
6. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.5, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî øèïû ðîëèêîâ ðàñïîëîæåíû â ïàçàõ
35 äåðæàòåëåé, çàêðåïëåííûõ íà âåðõíåé ñòîðîíå êðóãëîé ïëàòôîðìû.
7. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.6, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî íèæí ñòîðîíà ïëàòôîðìû èìååò
êîëüöåâîé ïàç è îïèðàåòñ íà øàðèêè, ðàñïîëîæåííûå â êîëüöåâîì ïàçó îñíîâàíè .
8. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îòâåðñòèå äë ñòåðæí âûïîëíåíî â
ðåçèíîâîé âòóëêå, âñòðîåííîé â ñòåíêó îáîëî÷êè.
40 9. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.8, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî ðåçèíîâà âòóëêà ñêðåïëåíà ïî ïåðèìåòðó
ñ ýëàñòè÷íûì êîëïàêîì, íàò íóòûì íà êîëüöåâîé âûñòóï ñòåðæí .
10. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îãðàíè÷èòåëü ïîâîðîòà âûïîëíåí â âèäå
øàòóíà, îäèí êîíåö êîòîðîãî ñêðåïëåí ñî ñòåðæíåì, à äðóãîé êîíåö èìååò ïàç, êóäà
âõîäèò íåïîäâèæíûé öèëèíäðè÷åñêèé øòûðü.
45 11. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.3, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî êîëåñî èìååò âàë, íà êîòîðîì
çàêðåïëåíû øàðèêîïîäøèïíèê è øêèâ, ñîåäèíåííûé ðåìåííîé ò ãîé ñî øêèâîì äâèãàòåë .
12. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îáîëî÷êà èìååò ãîðëîâèíó ñ ïðîáêîé.
13. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îáîëî÷êà âûïîëíåíà ðàçúåìíîé èç äâóõ
ïîëóñôåð.
50 14. Óñòðîéñòâî ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùååñ òåì, ÷òî îáîëî÷êà âûïîëíåíà èç ïðîçðà÷íîãî
ìàòåðèàëà.
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