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APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF DISASTER�RESISTANT MOBILE

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN UZBEKISTAN

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 TOSHKENT SHAHRIDAGI TURIN
POLITEXNIKA UNIVERSITETI
AXBOROTNOMASI
2/2020 SONI

ВЕСТНИК
ТУРИНСКОГО ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО
УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В ГОРОДЕ ТАШКЕНТЕ
ВЫПУСК 2/2020

ACTA
OF TURIN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
IN TASHKENT
EDITION 2/2020

TASHKENT – 2020
Журнал Ўзбекистон Ахборот ва
оммавий коммуникациялар агентлиги
томонидан 0890-сонли гувоҳнома
билан рўйҳатга олинган. ISSN 2181-
8886
№ 2/2020
Бош муҳаррир
т.ф.д., проф. К.А. Шарипов
Бош муҳаррир ўринбосари
ф.-м.ф.н., PhD У.Р. Саломов
к.ф.д. О.Н. Рузимуродов
Масъул муҳаррир
ф.-м.ф.н. М.И. Байджанов
Тахририят кенгаши:
ф-м.ф.д., проф. А. А. Саидов
т.ф.д., проф. Д.У. Туляганов
ф-м.ф.д., проф. А.Джалилов
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и.ф.д. М.Б. Султонбоева
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© Тошкент шаҳридаги Турин поли- © Туринский Политехнический Уни- © Turin Polytechnic University in Tash-
техника университети 100095, Тош- верситет в городе Ташкенте 100095, kent 100095, Tashkent city, Kichik
кент ш., Кичик Халқа Йўли 17 уй. г. Ташкент, ул. Кичик Халка Йули 17. Halqa Yo’li str. 17.
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д.т.н., проф. К.А. Шарипов DSc., Prof. K.A. Sharipov
Зам. главного редактора Deputy chief editor
к.ф.-м.н., PhD У.Р. Саломов PhD U.R. Salomov
д.х.н. О.Н. Рузимуродов DSc. O.N. Ruzimurodov
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д.ф.-м.н., проф. А. Джалилов DSc, Prof. A. Djalilov
д.т.н. Ж.Ш. Иноятходжаев DSc J.Sh. Inoyatkhodjaev
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к.т.н. А.Э. Ярбеков PhD A.E. Yarbekov
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 ACTA TTPU

III. ENGINEERING SCIENCE

ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ШАРОИТИДА ТАБИИЙ ОФАТЛАРГА

ЧИДАМЛИ МОБИЛ ТАРМОҚ АРХИТЕКТУРАСИНИ
ТАШКИЛ ҚИЛИШ БЎЙИЧА ЁНДАШУВЛАР
Матёкубов Ў.К., Давронбеков Д.А.
Муҳаммад ал-Хоразмий номидаги Тошкент ахборот технологиялари университети

Annotatsiya
Tabiiy ofatlar va texnogen ofatlar har qanday texnik tizimning samaradorligiga salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatishi mumkin. Bunday hollarda texnik
tizimlar mumkin bo’lgan salbiy ta’sirlarga dosh berishga qodir bo’lishi kerak. Ushbu hujjat tabiiy ofatlar va texnogen ofatlarga chidamli
mobil aloqa tizimlari arxitekturasini yaratishga doir bir nechta masalalar ko’rib chiqilib, O’zbekiston mobil aloqa tarmoqlariga mos
arxitekturalar taklif qilingan.

Kalit so’zlar: tabiiy ofat, texnogen ofatlar, mobil aloqa tizimi, elektr ta’minoti, bulutli texnologiyalar, sensorli tarmoq, optik tarmoq.

APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF DISASTER-

RESISTANT MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN
UZBEKISTAN
U.K.Matyokubov, D.A.Davronbekov
Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi

Abstract
Natural disasters and man-made disasters can negatively affect the operational efficiency of any technical system. In such cases, technical
systems must be able to withstand possible adverse effects. This paper addresses several issues in creating an architecture that is resilient
to natural disasters and man-made disasters.

Keywords: natural disaster, man-made disaster, mobile communication system, power supply, cloud technology, touch network, optical
network.

Introduction as Syrdarya, Bukhara, Jizzakh, it can be concluded that the

ability to predict when such natural phenomena will be ob-
In recent years, many natural and man-made disasters
served is still incomplete. Therefore, all sectors of the econo-
have been observed in various parts of the world. Depending
my must be ready for such processes. Because such process-
on the statistics of natural and man-made disasters over the
es can not only cause great damage to the state’s economy
years, the regions can be conditionally divided into levels of
but, sadly, the panic that can be observed among the civilian
danger. It should be noted that no region of the world can be
population can lead to even greater losses. According to pre-
said to be completely free of such threats.
liminary estimates, the man-made disaster in the Syrdarya
The Republic of Uzbekistan can be included in the cate-
region caused $ 150 million in damage to our economy. Of
gory of areas where such threats are relatively rare. One of
this, $ 1.3 million was directed to communication and com-
the largest natural disasters in the region to date has been the
munication systems, $ 6.8 million to the reconstruction of
1966 earthquake. From the natural and man-made disasters
electricity networks.
observed in different regions of the country in 2020, such

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

The main part

According to the data, in 2014, the number of mobile devices exceeded the world’s population, and by 2019, the number
of mobile devices reached 11.5 billion. In turn, in terms of these indicators, Uzbekistan does not lag behind world statistics.
Data on this are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Mobile communication systems provide the necessary services for our daily lives, which have great potential to help us
in times of natural and man-made disasters. It is known that after such events, the need for communication and other infor-
mation exchange services will increase more than ever.

Fig.1. Dynamics of growth of the number of mobile subscribers in Uzbekistan

Fig.2. Dynamics of growth in the number of mobile base stations in Uzbekistan

Unfortunately, at a time when meeting these needs is a
problem, there is no guarantee that any part of the communi-
cation infrastructure will fail. Because telecom operators and
current telecommunications networks are not fully prepared
for such high loads [13].
Energy efficiency planning based on renewable energy
for the mobile network in the disaster zone.
It is known that the main and at the same time the weak-
est part of the communication infrastructure is related to this
power supply. Much of the research on improving the viabil-
ity of a mobile system is focused on improving the system’s
energy efficiency, saving it, and providing renewable pow-
er supply. We also see renewable energy base stations as a
solution with relatively stable service capability during natu-

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

ral disasters [1]. However, this solution has to solve several problems such as unstable power supply, complexity and cost of
design, large areas required for equipment placement, and long-term optimization. It may not be possible to provide all base
stations with renewable energy sources [3]. In such cases, it will be necessary to supply the required number of batteries to
the base stations. Figure 3 shows the structure of renewable energy wireless networks.

Fig.3. The structure of wireless networks that run on renewable energy in the event of a natural disaster

Given that the majority of costs incurred by mobile operators are related to electricity consumption and the main cause
of the observed network outages is unstable electricity, we propose the following energy-saving algorithm.

Fig.4. Renewable energy supply to neighboring base stations on a cost-effective basis

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

Fig.5. Renewable energy supply topology of neighboring base stations based on savings.
This unique approach can be applied in areas where the
electricity sector is not perfect and can be further strength-
ened through the following research:
- Calculation of the maximum energy demand of the net-
work through a scheme that takes into account the mode of
energy collection to achieve an energy-saving result;
- Calculation of energy-saving result based on the maxi-
mum value, guaranteeing the maximum capacity of the net-
work;
- Design of a single renewable energy source for adja-
cent base stations.
The architecture of communication networks built using
cloud technologies.
This stable network architecture allows information and
communication technology (ICT) services to be launched in
a short period. It is also ensured by implementing the over-
all architecture of the communication network in a three-ti-
er system during natural disasters, which physically and log-
ically reduces sustainable and flexible ICT resources. As
cloud processing operates as a parallel enhanced infrastruc-
ture, the proposed approach and network design can increase
the efficiency of cloud computing services for developing
countries and increase the reliability of ICT services during
natural disasters [5,14].
Disaster response measures can be divided into two main
categories.
1. Pre-disaster measures. To make the communication
system more reliable and viable, there must be a strategy
to deal with the frustrations caused by natural disasters. It
is necessary to install a backup base station at points resis-
tant to natural disasters in the city or various districts of the
city [4]. Introduction of a signal transmission system to the
base station when various events are monitored through var-
ious sensor sensors. All of these sensors communicate with
a remotely defined station using a permanent hoc network
[6,11]. They can separate the signal zone by MAC or IP ad-
dress. Figure 6 shows the scenario concept before the natu-
ral disaster.

Fig.6. Communication via a sensor network.

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

The following solutions should be implemented to in-
crease the sustainability of the network before natural disas-
ters [9,10].
A. Intra-network solutions.
- Continuous monitoring of the network connection.
- Manage communication channel blockages.
B. Offline solutions.
- Ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
2. Post-disaster measures. We assume that the events of
this time, the communication network is organized in the
above way.
Load balancing is an important element of any network,
which should ensure a high level of availability when per-
forming small tasks in traffic. In the event of a sudden in-
crease in congestion, cloud technology is the best choice.
Maximum calls are routed to the cloud layer, and all servers
in the system can balance communication network elements
and loads. It will also be possible to implement the following
important features. First, existing connections will continue
to get a good hoc. Second is the belief that new connections
will be redirected to other nearby base stations that are less
loaded. Finally, the residual life of the base station batteries
in the area is significantly extended.
Restoration of the network after a natural disaster should
perform the following tasks.
A. Quickly set up new emergency networks.
- Based on portable nodes.
- Based on user devices.
B. Effective maintenance of the network.

Fig.7. Presented network architecture.

The interior design and involvement of the Remote Base Station Vehicle in the process are shown in Figure 8.

Fig.8. Conceptual diagram of the operating system installed in the vehicle.

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

When you need to connect to the Internet, it is also possible to create a WiFi-based multi-network connection using mo-
bile devices in the network [7,12]. This approach does not require additional hardware such as network interface cards or
pre-installed multihoc routing protocols on mobile devices, as is the case with conventional ad-hoc networks. Instead, it uses
the WiFi available on the mobile device to connect to the Internet at nearby nodes.

Fig.9. WiFi-based multi-band connection for Internet connection

Protection of channels consisting of optical communication systems during natural disasters.

Mobile communication systems need high-speed and high-volume data transmission channels. Mainly communication
channels use radio communication systems. But the main communication channels consist of optical communication sys-
tems [8]. This paves the way for high-speed and reliable data transmission. Unfortunately, this system is also not protected
from post-disaster damage. It takes relatively less time to wirelessly restore points where interruptions occur under the influ-
ence of external forces. Points that were previously relatively weak can be backed up using this method. The proposed ar-
chitecture is shown in Figure 10.

Fig.10. Schematic of an optical fiber with multiple failure points.

In this case, it is necessary to use systems that allow continuous operation between wireless and optical fiber transmis-
sions. Of course, there are many such systems nowadays and they are selected from each other depending on how effective
they are in the environment in which they are used. We illustrate such a system in Figure 11 according to the above scheme.

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42

Fig.11. Digital coherent radio-fiber transmission system for continuous optical-wireless connection

The architecture of data transmission systems through
open access systems during natural disasters.
Information on the data configuration through various
open-access systems is presented in Figure 12. It consists
of Open Flow-based cognitive wireless switches, simple
cognitive wireless connectors, and simple wireless switch-
es consisting of various networks and an Open Flow-based
wireless network manager. Wired networks such as FTTH
can also be used as access networks [2]. Cognitive wireless
switches periodically monitor network status at multiple lo-
cations and send the observed network status information to
the cognitive wireless manager at the disaster site. All data
obtained is collected in a cognitive wireless controller and
evaluated to select the best access network by measuring the
available networks. The satellite network is used as an Open
Flow-based control channel for the exchange of informa-
tion between cognitive keys. Each cognitive switch deter-
mines which network to send the packets of access packets
that connect the messages from the wireless cognitive con-
troller to the network.

Fig.12. Data transmission configuration through various open-access systems.

The following play an important role in determining the best performance networks:
- Network management technology to detect changes in network performance;

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 Matyokubov U. K. et.al. / ACTA TTPU 2 (2020) 34-42
- Optimal selection method to select the best access net-
work;
- Package management technology by Open Flow to con-
nect to the best access network and change the route.
When monitoring a packet delay, a ping tool is used be-
tween the tracking server and the cognitive wireless switch,
taking into account the serial travel time of the approved
packets over a specified period.
This system has a wireless cognitive key network man-
agement function to detect changes in in-network status.
Tracking mode includes the following parameters:
- Conductivity;
- Mutual visit time of the tracking server and each wire-
less cognitive key;
- The rate of packet loss between the tracking server and
each cognitive key.
Conclusion
In this study, we considered the architecture of mobile
communication systems resistant to natural and man-made
disasters, depending on the level of development of telecom-
munications networks in Uzbekistan, i.e. using the capabil-
ities of existing communication networks. In this study, the
primary architecture and network architecture, which can be
organized as quickly as possible, were mainly considered.
In particular, the following issues were studied in this
study:
- Energy efficiency planning based on renewable energy
for the mobile network in the disaster zone. This issue is a
topical issue that needs to be addressed, given the high num-
ber of power outages in Uzbekistan and the fact that the sys-
tem has the highest rate of disability during natural disasters.
- The architecture of communication networks created
using cloud technologies is presented.
- Protection of channels consisting of optical communi-
cation systems during natural disasters was considered.
- The architecture of the data transmission system through
open access systems during natural disasters was considered.
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