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2009


1
......................................................................................3
2 ..............................................................................10

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,
,
.
R5

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2

R2

R7

I1

R4
E2

R1

E1

R6

I 2 R2

R3

I3

R5

R4

II I 5

c I6

R7

R8

b
I4

R6

III
I
e 7 I8

R3

R8

1.1
,
1.1 ).
,
E1 = 10 , E2 = 20 , J = 1 ,
R1 = 1 , R2 = 2 , R3 = 3 , R4 = 4 , R5 = 5 , R6 = 6 ,
R7 = 7 , R8 = 8 .
,
.
1 .
.
1.1 ) 5 8 .
,

1.1 ).

: ab, ac, ae, bc, bd, cd, ce, ed.

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3 .
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1.1 ).

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4 ( 1) ,
.
a , b , c , d .
:
a : I1 I 2 I 3 = 0 ,
b : I1 + I 4 I 5 = 0 ,
c : I 2 I 4 I 6 I 7 = 0 ,
d : I 5 + I 6 + I 8 = 0 .
e
: I 3 + I 7 I 8 = 0 . ,
a , b , c , d ,
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e , ,
.
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5 ( + 1 J ) ,
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6
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1.1 ) :
I: I1 R1 I 2 R2 I 4 R4 = E1 + E2 ,
II: I 4 R4 I 6 R6 + I 5 R5 = 0 ,
III: I 6 R6 I 8 R8 I 7 R7 = 0 .
7 ,
,
.
1.1 ) :
I1 I 2 I 3 = 0,
I + I I = 0,
1 4 5
I 2 I 4 I 6 I 7 = 0,

I 5 + I 6 + I8 = 0,
I R I R I R = E + E ,
1
2
1 1 2 2 4 4
I 4 R4 I 6 R6 + I 5 R5 = 0,

I 6 R6 I 8 R8 I 7 R7 = 0.
, I1
, I 2 , I 4 . ., :

I1

I2

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

1 1
1
0

0
1

0
0
R1 R2

0
0
0
0

0
1
1

0
1
0

0
0
1

0
0
1

0
0
0

0
R4
R4
0

1
0
R5
0

1
0
R6
R6

0
0
0
R7

1
0
0
R8

.
0

E1 + E2

J
0
0

, ,
,
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

0
0
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1
1
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0
0
4
5

6
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0
0

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8 .
.

 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 S1
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 S + S
2

1
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 S3

0 1 0 ~ S4 ~
0 0 0 1 1
1 2 4 0 0 0 0 10 S1 + S5

S
0
0
4
5

6
0
0
0
6

0 0 0 0 6 7 8 0 S

S1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
S
5

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
S6

~ 0 0 0 1 1
S4
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~
0 3 4 0 0 0 0 11 S 2 + S3

3
S
+
S
0
0
4
5

6
0
0
0
2
5

0 0 0 0 6 7 8 0

S7

S1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 3 4 0 0 0 0 11 S 2

3
0 0 4 5 6 0 0 0

S4
~ 0 0 0 1 1
~
0 1 0~
S7
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

S 4 + S5
0 0 7 3 0 0 0 8

7
0 0 0 0 6 7 8 0

S3 + S 6
4

0
0
0 0 1
S1
1 1 0

0 3 4 0

0
0 0 11
S2

0 0 4

5
6
0 0 0
S3

0 0 0
1
1
0 1 0
S4

~
~
~
0 0 0

0
6
7 8 0
S5

0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
S
6

47
42
47

0 0 8 S4 + S7
0 0 0

4
4

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0

0
~
0

1
0

0
~
0

1
0

0
~
0

1 I1

1 0
3 4
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0

0
0
5
1
0
0

1 0
3 4
0 4
0 0
0 0

0
0
5
1
0

1 0
3 4
0 4
0 0
0 0
0 0

0
0
5
1
0
0

1 I 2
3 I 2

4 I 4
+4 I 4

1
S1

11
S2

0
S3

0
S4
~
~

0
S5

1
S6

89

8 S 5 + S7
24

1
S1

11
S2

0
S3

0
S4
~
~

0
S5

0
1
1
1
S6

623
994
623
0

8
S6 + S7
24

24
24
0 0
0
1
0
0
0
11
6 0
0
0

1
0
1
0
6 7
8
0

0 1
1
1
1617
431
0
0

24
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
1
0
1
6
7 8
0
1
1
89
47

0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
1
0
1
6
7
8

+5 I 5
+1 I 5

6 I 6
+1 I 6
+6 I 6

7 I 7
1 I 7

+1 I 8
8 I 8
+1 I 8
1617

I8
24

=
=
=
=
=
=

1
11
0
0
0
1
431
=
24

431 1617
:
0,267
24 24
1 1 I 8 1 0,267
I7 =
=
0,733
1
1
0 + 8 I 8 + 7 I 7 0 + 8 0,267 + 7 ( 0,733)
I6 =
=
0,5
6
6
0 1 I 6 1 I 8 0 ( 0,5 ) 0,267
I5 =
=
0,233
1
1
0 + 6 I 6 5 I 5 0 + 6 ( 0,5 ) 5 0,233
I4 =
=
1,04
4
4
11 + 4 I 4 11 + 4 ( 1,04 )
I2 =
=
2, 28
3
3
1 + 1 I 2 1 + 1 ( 2,28 )
I1 =
=
1,28
1
1
I8 =

,
.
, .
, ,
, ,
3, . I 2 , I 4 , I 6 , I 7
3
.

2

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), E I

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n

I
k =1

2
k

Rk = El I l ,
l

n () ,
m .
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,
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, a J ,
b . U ab J .
U ab
, .
. :

k =1

I k 2 Rk = El Il + U Jp I p ,
U Jp ;
r .