,

, 2005

(, , , ) 89/391/, (),
2002-2006 .
, , .,
.

:
, Dr.habil.chem.
Ing.chem.

EC PHARE
(LE/IB-CO-01)


: .
: SIA Jelgavas tipogrja

..............................................................................

I.

..................................

1.1. ..........

1.2. ....................................................

1.3. , .................................................................................................................. 7
1.4. .............................................................. 9
1.5. .....................................................................................................11
1.6. ................................................................................................ 12
II. .........

15

III. .............................

17

IV. ..............................................

18

4.1. ..................................

19

4.2. ........................

22

4.3. ...............................

29

.....................................................................

72

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, (20.06.2001), ,
379
(23.08.2001).
89/391/, (89/654/, 89/655/,
89/656/, 90/269/, 90/270/, .) ,
(98/24/, 2000/54/, 2002/44/ .). , : ISO 14001 (Environmental management systems standards), ISO 9001
(Quality systems: Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing),
OHSAS 18001 (Occupational
Health and Safety Assessment series).
( DOC/05/20/97)
.
GUIDANCE ON RISK ASSESSMENT AT WORK, Luxemburg: Ofce for
Ofcial Publications of the European Communities, 19962000.
1.1. 1.2. .

(ILO-OSH 2001) ().
:
20022006.

379

. 2. :
2.1. ;
2.2. ...;

:
1. 6.3. () 9.1. () 89/391/ Councile
directive of on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the Safety and
Health at work
;
2. (89/654/,
89/655/, 89/656/, 90/269/, 90/270/, .)
, (98/24/, 2000/54/, 2002/44/
.);
3. ISO 14001 Environmental management
systems standards ISO 9001 Quality systems: Model for quality
assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing;
4. OHSAS
18001 Occupational Health and Safety Assessment series;
5. ,
, :

HAZOP (Hazard and Operability

Study),

FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis),

, What-if,
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis);
PHA (Preliminary Hazard Analysis),

,
(SIL, DELPHI, DEFI, MOSAR, PHA-5, Assessor,
Auditwork, Markova, Monte-Carlo .);

6.
/.

I.

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125 (19.03.2002), 89/654/.
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14

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()

13.

Guidance on Risk
Assessment at Work, 19962000

14.

19

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20

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21

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ISO 14000 :

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22

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BS 8800: 1996, Guide to occupation health and safety management systems)
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24

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(AER, /3, ppm). LVS 89:2004
.
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), ( : 60 ). 87 . ,
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25

(Rowe, 1980)

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26

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28

4.3.
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A
B
C
D
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.

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,

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( 10-100 )

, ( 100-1000 ) 2


( 1000 ) 1

29

,
(I)
( ), , (Booth, 1994), ,

:

(I)

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30

(II) (Geronimo, 2001)

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1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A

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(, )

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(III) (Geronimo, 2001)

13

16

11

18

10

14

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12

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31

II III:

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32

( IV):
1 ;
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(V) (US-Army, 2000)

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33

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34

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(, ) ?

1 $
10 $

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1 $
( 10000 $)

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... ...
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VII:
1. , . , - ( , . .).
2. : 2- (, . .), 1-
( , , .).

35

3. , ( , , . .).
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(VIII) (Queensland University, Australia, 2003)

.
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36

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38

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SIL ,
.
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10-1

>10 < 100

* , .

39

b) :

()

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40

0,00 0,01
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= 0,7 1
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= 0 10-6

4.3.2.
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).
:
(1)
Pi , Xi.
Xi (1) , , Pi Ij, , , . , Ij , :
(2)
P(Ij) , Ij Xi.

41

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=

(3)

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(4)

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:

(5)

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42

: (H2S) .
[Gaslon, 1900]

, /3

, Pr

, %

H2S
5

380
563
836

2,67
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7,33

1
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43

Bi , (. , . .); Ti , ; 0 = 1 ; n
.
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100
95
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(14)

ROSi ; Di
.

1,000

0,995

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0,932

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0,964

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(3-
)

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0,935

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(2-
)

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0,845

0,680
(1-
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()

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3,75
3,18

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= , (1,38 10-23 J/K),
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- , .
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3- - ):

(15)

0 1 2 3 4

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t
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44

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0

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(16)

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.

1. .

45

, Assessor (. . 2), , (R = Q p).

2. Assessor .

9-
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8 1-

7 2-

6 3-

5 4

4 4

3 4

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1.
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. ,

46

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2.

7 , .
: 1- 60 ;
2- 40 ; 3- 50 ; 4- 110 ; 5- 60 ; 6- 75 ;
110
60
40
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7- 50 .
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5
6
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75
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R = 8 7 = 56.
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40. ,
(, ).
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()

R = Q p

80

110

()

50

75

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20

60

10
1

60
40

50

50

3. 9- .

, , ASSESSOR,
ErgoEaser .
, ErgoEaser (. . 4)
(
).
ErgoEaser ,
ASSESSOR (. . 5). ,
, ( ).

47

4. ErgoEaser .

5. , Assessor.

( )
( , , )
1- : ( )

< 10

< 5

10 20

5 10

20 30

10 15

30 40

15 25

> 40

> 25

10

48

2- :
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71

Booth, B. Practical Risk Assessment. Tampere University of Technology, Occupational Safety Engineering,
Seminar, 1994, 14 pp.

European Communities (EC). Council Directive 82/501/EEC of 24 June 1982 on the Major-accident hazards
of certain industrial activities (Ofcial Journal of the European Communities (OJ) No L 230, 5.8.82, p.l).
Amended by 87/216/EEC (OJ, No L 85, 28.3.87, p.36) and 88/610, EEC (OJ, No L 336, 7.12.88, p.14).

EC. Council Directive 80/1107/EEC of 22 November 1980 on the protection of workers from the risks related

to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work (OJ, No L 327, 3.12.80, p.8). Amended by
88/642/EEC (OJ, No L 356, 24.12.1988, p.74).

EC. Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and

administrative provisions relating to the classication, packaging and labelling of substances amended by
92/32/EEC (OJ, No L 154, 5.6.92, p.l). EC. Council Directive 88/379/EEC of 7 June 1988 on the approximation
of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classication,
packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations (OJ, No L 187, 16.7.88, p.14). Amended by 90/492/EEC
(OJ, No L 275, 5.10.90, p.35).

Fischer, G.W., Granger Morgan, M., Fischhoff, B.Nair, I. & Lave, L.B. What risks are people concerned about?
Risk Analysis, 1991, pp. 303-314.

Guidance on risk assessment at work. Advisory committee for safety, hygiene and health protection at work,
Draft Opinion Doc. 5196/94 PA. 1994, 61 pp.

Hale, A.R. Subjective risk. In: Singleton, W.T. & Hovden, J.J. (Edit.) Risks and Decision. John Wiley & Sons
LTD. 1987, pp. 6785.

Lowrance, W.W. Of Acceptable Risk. William Kauffmann Inc. 1976, 180 pp.
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(UK) Ltd. London, WIN 4 AB, 1986, 60 pp.

Rowe, Ew.D. Risk assessment and methods. In: Conrad, J. (Eds) Society, Technology and Risk Assessment.
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Wilde, G.J. Target Risk, PDE Publications. 1994, 234 pp.

Darba vides riska faktori un strdjoo veselbas aizsardzba. V. Kaa un . Rojas red. Rga, Elpa-2, 2001,
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Eglte M. Darba medicna. Rga, 2000, 700 lpp.

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work:
http://europe.osha.eu.int

European Comission Health and Safety:

http://europe.eu.int/comm/index_en.htm

The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety:

http://www.ccohs.ca
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA):
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html
WHO/Europa (World Health Organization) Regional Ofce for Europe:
http://www.who.dk

72

 ?
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:

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:
www.likumi.lv
www.mk.gov.lv
www.saeima.lv

-
-
: http://osha.lv
, - -
: http://europe.osha.eu.int/

, ,
, :

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