( )

1.
,
( ).
2.

( ).


1- : M1 M2 M3 M4

K1 K2 K3 K4

E1 E2 E3 E4
2- : M1 Mins M2 M3 M4

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5


Mins , Ei Ei
2- 2=E2+Mins
1- M2=2+E2
2- 3=E3+M2
1- M3=3+E3

70- K=K
70-x
: K = K

1. .. .
2.
.. .
3. K K
.. .
4. M K ,E f()
g() .. .

 3 4,
, .
:

. (public key)
:
=> K
K => k
(
)

1. :
KA k A
2. :

K k

KA

3. :
EB=f(MB;KB)
3. :
=g(EA;kA)

KB

EB

EA

EA= f(MA;KA)
B=g(EB;kB)


:

!

.
KX

A KA
X KX

 :
1.

(, ,
.. ).
2.

(
)



- K

kA

A KA
B KB

C KC

kB
B
M=f(M,kB)

k
KB
E

C
E=f(M,KB)



f()
, ..
fK1(fK2(M))=fK2(fK1(M))
:
A: E=f(M,KA); A ------- E ------> B
B: E=f(E,KB); B ------- E------> A
A: E=f(f(M,KA),KB);
f(f(M,KA),KB) = f(f(M,KB),KA)
g(f(f(M,KB),KA),KA)=E= f(M,KB); A ------- E ------> B
B:M=g(E,KB)

( )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

resn(a) n
(a+b) mod n = resn (a+b)
(a-b) mod n = resn (a+(-b))
(-b) mod n = resn (n-b)
(a*b) mod n = resn (a*b)

:
1. (a+b) mod n = (a mod n + b mod n) mod n
2. (a*b) mod n = (a mod n * b mod n) mod n

mod
() n.

mod 9:
-8

-1

17

18



()
(a+b)=(b+a) mod n;

a*b=b*a mod n

()
(a+(b+c)) = ((a+b)+c) mod n
a(bc) = (ab)c mod n

()
a (b+c) = ab + ac mod n


(x)

1 x-1
( ,
: 14 15