Самоучитель HTML4

HTML (HyperText Markup Language, ) ,
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HTML

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1.1 .
1.1. -
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title> -</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> </h1>
<p> .</p>
</body>
</html>
, .
1. Windows ( > > notepad >
> > ).
2. (. 1.1).
. 1.1. HTML-
3. ( > ...) c:\www\example11.html,
:
UTF-8 (. 1.2). ,
html.
. 1.2.
4. Internet Explorer ( > > iexplore >
> Internet Explorer).
5. > .
6. , , . 1.3.
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1.1, ( html) .
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PSPad
http://www.pspad.com/ru/download.php
HtmlReader
http://manticora.ru/download.htm
Notepad++
http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/ru/site.htm
EditPlus
http://www.editplus.com
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: Firefox, Internet
Explorer Opera.
Mozilla Firefox
, .
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, . Firefox
, , ,
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, Mozilla.

http://www.mozilla.ru/products/firefox/
Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)

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Windows. . IE 7
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HTML, IE
.

http://www.microsoft.com/rus/windows/ie/default.mspx
Opera
, ,
.

http://ru.opera.com/download/
Safari
Apple iPhone MacOS
Apple. Windows.

http://www.apple.com/ru/safari/
Google Chrome
, 2008 . Google.

http://www.google.com/chrome?hl=ru
HTML- -
HTML. ,
.
HTML-
, http://validator.w3.org
.
, .
Tidy
HTML- ,
Tidy. , , PSPad,
Tidy .

http://tidy.sourceforge.net

-. Photoshop,
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Photoshop- , -
. , Paint.Net
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Paint.Net
http://www.getpaint.net/download.html
HTML
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HTML ( )
http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/elements.html
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3.1 HTML- .
3.1.
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Lorem ipsum</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetuer cursus pede pellentesque
vitae pretium. Tristique mus at elit lobortis libero Sed vestibulum ut
eleifend habitasse. Quis Nam Mauris adipiscing Integer ligula dictum
sed at enim urna. Et scelerisque id et nibh dui tincidunt Curabitur
faucibus
elit massa. Tincidunt et gravida Phasellus eget parturient faucibus
tellus
at justo sollicitudin. Mi nulla ut adipiscing.</p>
</body>
</html>
<meta>,
: <html>,<head>, <title>, <body> <p>.

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3.2.

<html>
<head>
<title> alt</title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/arena.png" alt=" " width="400" height="101"></p>
<p><img src="images/arena.png" alt= width="400" height="101"></p>
</body>
</html>
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. 3.3
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3.3.
<html>
<head>
<title> alt</title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/arena.png" alt="
IE" width="400" height="101"></p>
<p><img src="images/arena.png"
alt=" IE"
width="400"
height="101"></p>
</body>
</html>
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3.4.
3.4.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="self.php">
<p><input type="text"></p>
<p><input type="submit" disabled></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
disabled, .
.

. <img src="/images/title.gif" width="438"
height="118"> <img height="118" width="438" src="/images/title.gif">
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HTML-
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4.1. -
<html>
<head>
<title> -</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1></h1>

<p> .</p>
<p> .</p>
</body>
</html>
c:\www\
example41.html. >
(Ctrl+O). example41.html.
-, . 4.1.
. 4.1.
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<!DOCTYPE> DTD (document

type definition, ). , ,
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<!DOCTYPE>.
<!DOCTYPE>, HTML,
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. 4.1. DTD
DOCTYPE
HTML 4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML
4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
HTML.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01

Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
HTML.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01

HTML-
Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"> .
HTML 5
<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML
.
XHTML 1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
XHTML.
Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1strict.dtd">
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1transitional.dtd">
XHTML.

XHTML
Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1 .
frameset.dtd">
XHTML 1.1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
XHTML 1.1
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<html>
<html> HTML-, (<head>)

(<body>).
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<meta> , ,
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UTF-8 (Unicode transformation format, )
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<title> -</title>
<title> -,
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(. 4.2).
. 4.2.
<title> .
</head>
</head>, ,
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<body>
<body> .
<h1></h1>
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</body>
</body>, , .
</html>
</html>.

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5.1.
5.1.
<html>
<head>
...
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<body>
...
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description name, 5.2.
5.2. description
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML</title>
<meta name="description" content=" HTML ">
</head>
<body>
<p>...</p>
</body>
</html>
, <meta> description,
. keywords
,
, - ( 5.3).
5.3. keywords
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, META, , , ">
</head>
<body>
<p>...</p>
</body>
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<div> ,
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align.
<h1>,...,<h6>
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<pre>
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- . <pre>
.

<pre>: <big>, <img>, <small>, <sub> <sup>.

-,
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<a>
<a> HTML .
name href <a> .
<b>
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<big>
<big> . HTML
1 7, ,
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<br>
<br> , .
<p>, <br> .
<em>
<em> .
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<i>
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<img>
<img> -
GIF, JPEG PNG. ,
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, border="0" <img>.
<small>
<small> .
<big>, .
<span>
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<ul>
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<li>
<li> . <ul> <ol>
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<dd>, <dt>, <dl>

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<dl>, <dt> <dd>
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<table>
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<td>
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<tr>, <table>.
<th>
<th> ,
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<tr>
<tr> .

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10 15 . . 6.1
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12
13
14
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A
15
(. 6.2). , 255 FF
.
. 6.2. 16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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1A
1B
1C
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#F0F0F0 #f0f0f0.
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<body bgcolor="#fa8e47">
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. 6.3.

black
#000000
blue
#0000FF
fuchsia
#FF00FF
gray
#808080
green
#008000
lime
#00FF00
maroon
#800000
navy
#000080
olive
#808000
purple
#800080
red
#FF0000
silver
#C0C0C0
teal
#008080
white
#FFFFFF
yellow
#FFFF00
,
. . 6.1 ,
-.
6.1.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="teal" text="#ffffff">
<p> </p>
</body>
</html>
bgcolor <body>,
text. text
, bgcolor teal.
HTML
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:width="380". 6.2
.
6.2.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/figure.jpg" alt="- "
width="100" height="111" hspace="4" vspace="4" border="2"></p>
</body>
</html>
100 (width="100"), 111

(height="111"), 4 (hspace vspace)
2 (border="2").
,
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.
6.3.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/figure.jpg" alt="-
" width="100%"></p>
</body>
</html>
100%,
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. 6.3. 100%
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(hspace="10") 100%+20.
.
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, <img> src,
.
URL (Universal Resource Locator,
), .

-,
URL, . -
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol, ), ,
http://. 6.4 ,
.
6.4.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="http://htmlbook.ru/html/body"> BODY</a></p>
</body>
</html>
htmlbook.ru -
body.html, html.

.

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<img src="pic.gif"> pic.gif,
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/
index.html, .
index.html , , , ,
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pic.gif, images.
.
../help/me.html

help me.html.
manual/info.html
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/demo/ -
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6.5 , .
6.5.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="images/xxx.jpg"> !</a></p>
<p><a href="tip.html"> ?</a></p>
</body>
</html>
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file/doc.html.
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7.1 .
7.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p> , .</p>
<p> , - .</p>
<p> , : , ...</p>
<p> - , .</p>
<p> .</p>
<p> , - .</p>
<p> .</p>
<p> - .</p>
<p><i>. </i></p>
</body>
</html>
. 7.1.
. 7.1. -
, <p>
. , <br>.
, <br>
.
, 7.1
( 7.2).
7.2. <br>
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p> , .<br>
, - .<br>
, : , ...<br>
- , .<br>
.<br>
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<p><i>. </i></p>
</body>
</html>
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6 (<h6>). , -, ,
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7.3.
7.3.
<html>
<head>

<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> </h1>
<h2> </h2>
<h3> </h3>
<h4> </h4>
<h5> </h5>
<h6> </h6>
</body>
</html>
. 7.3. <h1>
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. 7.3. -
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<p> align,
.
<div> align.
:
left , ;
right ;
center ;
justify ( ).
, , .
align , ( 7.4).
7.4.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"> ?</h1>
<h2 align="right"> </h2>
<p align="justify"> ,
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<h2 align="right"> </h2>
<p align="justify"> . - ,
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</body>
</html>
. 7.4.
. 7.4.

.
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: <b> <strong>.
<b> </b>
<strong> </strong>

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<i> </i>
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7.5 <em> <strong> .
7.5. <em> <strong>
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><strong> ?!</strong>
<em> -</em>.</p>
</body>
</html>
. 7.5.
. 7.5.

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: <sup> <sub> . ,
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7.6 ,
7.6.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><b> :</b> <i>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></i></p>
</body>
</html>
. 7.6.
. 7.6.
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(&) (;). . 7.1
.
. 7.1.

£
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copyright
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-.
8.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="dog.html"></a></p>
<p><a href="cat.html"></a></p>
</body>
</html>
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. 8.2.
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(. 8.3).
. 8.3. Firefox

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( http://) .
.
8.2 .
8.2.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="http://htmlbook.ru"> HTML</a></p>
</body>
</html>
<a href="http://htmlbook.ru">
HTML</a> htmlbook.ru.
(, http://htmlbook.ru/css/),
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index.html.
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1. (. 8.4).
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2. (. 8.5).
. 8.5
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(/), .
<a href="../ .html"></a>
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3. (. 8.6).
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4. (. 8.7).
. 8.7
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<a href="/ .html"></a>
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.
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<html>
<head>
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</head>
<body>
<a href="lion.html"><h1> </h1></a>
<h1><a href="lion.html"> </a></h1>
</body>
</html>
8 <h1>
<a>. <h1> ,
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href <a> , ,
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target
, .
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.
<a target=" ">...</a>
, name.
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.
_blank .
_self ( ).
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_top ,
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8.4 , , .
8.4.

<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="new.html" target="_blank">
</a></p>
</body>
</html>
target <!DOCTYPE>,
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.
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title
.
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<a title="">...</a>
.
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.
8.5.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="zoo.html" title="
..."></a></p>
</body>
</html>
. 8.8.
. 8.8.

, .

. URL mailto: ( 8.6).
8.6.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="mailto:vlad@htmlbook.ru">
</a></p>
</body>
</html>
href <a> mailto,

. -,
, .
, ,
, .
,
(?) subject= , 8.7.
8.7.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="mailto:vlad@htmlbook.ru?subject= HTML">
</a></p>
</body>
</html>
(Subject) .
-,
.
, .

name <a> ( 9.1). href
(#) .
9.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a name="top"></a></p>
<p>...</p>
<p><a href="#top"></a></p>
</body>
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<a name="top"> </a> ,

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).
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C , -
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9.2. -
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<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="text.html#bottom"> </a></p>
</body>
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text.html,
bottom.
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2. , , 800
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.
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(../) , -
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index.html, pic.gif.
index.html ../images/pic.gif.
, ,
: ../../../images/pic.gif.
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, , ,
. . 10.2,
pic.gif index.html images/pic.gif.
. 10.2.
10.1 -.
10.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="http://webimg.ru/themes/cloverfield/images/ref_collage.gif"
alt=" "></p>
<p><img src="/example/images/home.png"
alt=" "></p>
<p><img src="images/home.png"
alt=" HTML"></p>
</body>
</html>
, GIF JPEG.

.
(. 10.3).
(. 10.4).
. 10.3.
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HTML-.
alt <img>,
10.2.
10.2.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/robot.jpg" alt="
" width="300" height="388"></p>
</body>
</html>
, alt , .
.
title ( 10.3).
10.3.
<html>
<head>
<title> title </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="index.html"><img src="images/home.png"
alt=" " title=" "></a></p>
</body>
</html>
, alt title ,
. ,
. ,
title alt, .

HTML <img>
width () height (). ,
. , . 10.6
, 100111 .
. 10.6.
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10.4.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><img src="images/figure.jpg" width="100" height="111" alt="-"></p>
</body>
</html>
, ,
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.
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.
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10.5.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
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<body>
<p><img src="images/figure.jpg" width="200" height="222" alt="-"></p>
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,
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).
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<ul>,
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</li> , ,
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11.1 HTML -.
11.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<hr>
<ul>
<li></li>
<li> </li>
<li></li>
<li> </li>
</ul>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
. 11.1.
. 11.1.
, .
.
: ( ), .
type <ul>.
. 11.1
. 11.1.

HTML
<ul type="disc">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
<ul type="circle">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
<ul type="square">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
o
o
o
,
.
11.2.
11.2.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ul type="square">
<li> ( : , , ).
- ;</li>
<li> ;</li>
<li> , ;</li>
<li> ,
( : , , , ).</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
. 11.2.
. 11.2.

.
<ol>, .
<li>, .
<ol>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
</ol>
<ol>,
(1, 2, 3,...), 11.3.
11.3.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<ol>
<li> ( );</li>
<li> ( );</li>
<li> .</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
. 11.3.
. 11.3.
, ,
.
:
(1, 2, 3, ...);
(A, B, C, ...);
(a, b, c, ...);
(I, II, III, ...);
(i, ii, iii, ...).
type <ol>.
. 11.2.
. 11.2.

HTML
<ol type="1">
<li>...</li>
</ol>
1.
2.
3.
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<li>...</li>
</ol>
A.
B.
C.
<ol type="a">
<li>...</li>
</ol>
a.
b.
c.
<ol type="I">
<li>...</li>
</ol>
I.
II.
III.
<ol type="i">
<li>...</li>
</ol>
i.
ii.
iii.
, start <ol>.
, type, start
. 11.4
, .
11.4.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<ol type="I" start="8">
<li> XLIV</li>
<li> XVI</li>
<li> XXI</li>
<li> I</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
. 11.4.
. 11.4.

.
<dl>, <dt>,
<dd>.
11.5.
11.5.
<dl>
<dt> 1</dt>
<dd> 1</dd>
<dt> 2</dt>
<dd> 2</dd>
</dl>
, ,
, .. 11.6
.
11.6.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<dl>
<dt></dt>
<dd> ,
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<dt>HTML-</dt>
<dd> , ,
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HTML-.</dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd>C -,
.</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>
. 11.5.
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,
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<td> <th>. , <th>,
.
, , <td> <th> .
12.1.
<html>
<head>
<title> TABLE</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" width="100%" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<th> 1</th>
<th> 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3</td>
<td> 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
. 12.1.
. 12.1.
<table>
,
,
<table>, <tr> <td>. <table>,

.
align
. : left
, center right .
left right, .
bgcolor
.
border
.
.
cellpadding
.
, . cellpadding
, .
cellpadding .
, ,
.
cellspacing
. border,
.
cols
cols ,
. ,
.
cols .
rules
, .
, .
( cols), (rows) (groups),
<thead>,<tfoot>, <tbody>, <colgroup> <col>.
border.
width
.
,
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.
<td>
, <td>, ,
<table>.
align
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bgcolor
.
bgcolor <table> .
colspan
, .
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. 12.2.
. 12.2. ,
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colspan.
height
.
height . .
height , , .
, , ,
.
rowspan
, .
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. 12.3. ,
. 12.3 ,
rowspan.
valign
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. : top
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width
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align <table>. ,
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align ,
<img>. 12.2
.
12.2.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<table width="200" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" ali
gn="right">
<tr><td> </td></tr>
</table>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy
nibh
euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat.</p>
</body>
</html>
.
. 12.4.
. 12.4. ,
,
.
, ,
. :
.

colspan rowspan <td>. colspan
. rowspan, ,
.
, . , <td colspan="3"> ,
<td> <td
colspan="2">...</td><td>...</td>. ,
. 12.3 , ,
.
12.3.
<html>
<head>
<title> colspan</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" width="100%">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> 1</td>
<td> 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 3</td>
<td> 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
. 12.5.
. 12.5.
,
colspan, . -
, . . 12.5.
colspan rowspan 12.4.
12.4.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">

<tr>
<td rowspan="2"></td>
<th colspan="2">Internet Explorer</th>
<th colspan="3">Opera</th>
<th colspan="2">Firefox</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>6.0</th><th>7.0</th><th>7.0</th><th>8.0</th><th>9.0</th><th>1.0</th><th>2.0</th
>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
. 12.6.
. 12.6.
. Internet
Explorer , Opera Firefox , .
.

,
. 12.5,
height.
12.5.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="100" valign="top">Duis te feugifacilisi. Duis autem dolor in

hendrerit
in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat.</td>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet
dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exerci tution ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea
commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam,
quis
nostrud exerci taion ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex
en commodo consequat.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40">Lorem ipsum</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
. 12.7.
. 12.7.
HTML 40 ,
, ,
. , height . ,
Opera,
. ,
.
.
.
- ,
. ,
100%.
12.6
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12.6.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<tr>
<td width="150" valign="top" bgcolor="#f0f0f0">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1">
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">Lorem</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">Ipsum</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">Dolor</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">Sit</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">Amet</td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffee">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet
dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis
nostrud exerci tution ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea
commodo consequat.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
. 12.8.
. 12.8.
,
150 . ,
100%.
. 12.8, , .
.

,
. HTML
<caption>, .
,
<caption>, -
. ,

.
<caption> align, .
left . Firefox
, Internet Explorer Opera ,
.
right Internet Explorer Opera
. Firefox
.
center .
.
top center,
HTML 4 .
bottom .
12.7 , . ,
<caption> <table>, .
12.7.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<caption> </caption>
<tr>
<th> </th><th>2003</th><th>2004</th><th>2005</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td>43</td><td>51</td><td>79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
(. 12.9).
. 12.9. Safari
, .
-.
,
,
.
- ,
.
, , . -
.

.
.
, .

. ,
, .

,
HTML.

- , .
JavaScript
.
, , ,
, .
, ,
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, ,
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.
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,
.
, .
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. -
. ,
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<frameset>, <body>
.
<frame>, HTML-,
(. 13.1).
. 13.1.
HTML-:
,
. ,
, , .
, . 13.1.
: index.html , menu.html
content.html .
index.html ( 13.1).
13.1. index.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frameset cols="100,*">
<frame src="menu.html" name="MENU">
<frame src="content.html" name="CONTENT">
</frameset>
</html>
.
<!DOCTYPE> , ,
. <head>
. , ,
HTML- .
cols,
100 , ,
. ,
.
<frame> HTML-,
src. , menu.html ( 13.2),
content.html( 13.3). ,
name.
13.2. menu.html
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body style="background: #f0f0f0">
<p></p>
</body>
</html>
,
.
13.3. content.html
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p></p>
</body>
</html>
(. 13.2).
. 13.2.
<frameset>, ,
. rows,
( 13.4).
13.4.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frameset rows="25%,75%">
<frame src="top.html" name="TOP" scrolling="no" noresize>
</frameset>
</frameset>
</html>
, <frameset> rows
, <frameset>,
13.1.
,
, scrolling="no" noresize.

HTML- ,
.
.
. target <a>.
, , name ( 13.5).
13.5.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frame src="menu2.html" name="MENU">
</frameset>
</html>
CONTENT.
, target="CONTENT", 13.6.
13.6. menu2.html
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body style="background: #f0f0f0">
<p></p>
<p><a href="text.html" target="CONTENT"></a></p>
</body>
</html>
.
:
_blank ;
_self ;
_parent , , -
, _top;
_top .

, ,
. frameborder <frameset> 0.
Opera , .
framespacing="0". ,
<frameset>, , .
( 13.6).
13.6.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frameset cols="100,*" frameborder="0" framespacing="0">
</frameset>
</html>
, frameborder framespacing
HTML.
, ,
- . , ,
bordercolor, <frameset> <frame>.
( 13.7),
border. Opera
.
13.7.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frameset cols="100,*" bordercolor="#000080" border="5">
</frameset>
</html>
bordercolor border <frameset>

HTML.
.
,
(. 13.3).
Internet Explorer
Opera
Firefox
. 13.3.
Opera , Internet Explorer
, Firefox
.
,
.
noresize <frame> ( 13.8).
13.8.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frame src="menu.html" name="MENU" noresize>
</frameset>
</html>
noresize .
. ,
, .

,
.
-, .
scrolling <frame>.
: yes ,
no ( 13.9).
13.9.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<frame src="menu.html" name="MENU" noresize scrolling="no">
</frameset>
</html>
, ,
. scrolling="no" .
scrolling ,
, , .

.
, -.
, - . . 13.4 .
. 13.4. -
HTML-
-.
.
<iframe>,
src, ( 13.10).
13.10. <iframe>
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><iframe src="hsb.html" width="300" height="120"></iframe></p>
</body>
</html>
width height.
hsb.html. ,
, .
,
. name, <a>
target ( 13.11).
13.11.
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="rgb.html" target="color">RGB</a> |
<a href="cmyk.html" target="color">CMYK</a> |

<a href="hsb.html" target="color">HSB</a></p>
<p><iframe src="model.html" name="color" width="100%" height="200"></iframe></p>
</body>
</html>
, color.
<iframe> <!DOCTYPE>.

-
. , -,
. -
, ,
W3 (www.w3c.org) .
, , ,
.
.
.

HTML- ,
, , . ,
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,
, -.
, - .
, ,
.
,
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. , -,
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XML (eXtensible Markup Language, ).
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. - XML ,
, . HTML
XML, ,
HTML.

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HTML.

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.

, , , .
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,
HTML CSS , Firefox Opera. ,
IE ,
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: , .

. ,
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-
. .
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.
validator.w3.org
http://validator.w3.org , ,
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, .

, ,
(. 14.1).
. 14.1.
, http://htmlbook.ru Validate by URI ( )

Check() , .
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Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"

<!DOCTYPE> DTD (document

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"

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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

<dd>, <dt>, <dl>

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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

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<a href="cmyk.html" target="color">CMYK</a> |

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HTML Validator Firefox

. 14.8. HTML Validator

Notice: entity "..." doesn't end in ";"

Notice: numeric character reference "..." doesn't end in ';'

unescaped & or unknown entity "&..."

missing </aaa> before <bbb>

discarding unexpected <...>

Notice: nested emphasis ...

replacing unexpected ... by </...>

... isn't allowed in <...> elements

Notice: inserting implicit <...>

Insert missing <title> element

Multiple <frameset> elements

<...> is not approved by W3C

Error: <...> is not recognized!

Trimming Empty Tag

<a> is probably intended as </a>

... shouldn't be nested

Text found after closing </body>-tag

Adjacent hyphens within comment

SYSTEM, PUBLIC, W3C, DTD, EN must be upper case

Warning: missing <!DOCTYPE> declaration

Too much <...>-elements

<...> inserting "..." attribute

... attribute ... lacks value

... attribute "..." has invalid value "..."

<div id="layer1"> 1</div>

<...> missing > for end of tag

<...> proprietary attribute "..."

marginwidth=0, marginheight=0, leftmargin=0,

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