- Numeri (

, ) Aarithmoi, (
, ).
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( 1 26), ,
.
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.

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, (. . 1:1 . 1:3).
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40:17). ,
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.

( 15-19).
1

. : .. Carpenter, "Numbers, Book of,"

1SBF, rev. ed. by G.W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979), 3:561; Dillard and
Longman, Introduction, p. 83; Young, Introduction, p. 84; Archer, Survey, p. 233; Harrison,
Introduction, p. 614; D.A. Hubbard and F.W. Bush, "Numbers," in Old Testament Survey:
The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed., ed. by W. S. LaSor,
D.A. Hubbard, and F.W. Bush (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), p. 100; Sailhamer,
Pentateuch as Narrative, p. 369.

118

( 20-36).

,


,
,

,
,

,
,
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40; . 2). ,
, ( . 27:1-8; 38:1-7; . 7:1-89).
,
( . 12:1-3; 15; . . 1:1-7; .
2). ,
( . 12:1-4; . 3:17; 6:4,8; 23:20-26; ..).
,
( . 20:8-10; . 23:3; . 15:32-37).
( 22-24),
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( . 27:12-14; . 31:14-16; 34:1-12). ,
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5
- . , 2

.. Carpenter, "Numbers, Book of," 1SBE2, rev. ed. by G.W. Bromiley (Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979), 3:562.
3
A. Hubbard and F.W. Bush, "Numbers," p. 99. . Young, Introduction, p.
84; Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 84-85.
4
W.W. Hallo, "Numbers and Ancient Near Eastern Literature," in The Torah: A
Modem Commentary (NY: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1981), p. 1015.
5
, p. 1016.

119

... ,
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6
(18 ) ! ,
,
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XIII ..

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( [ 34], [ 2 2 - 2 4 ] ,
[10:35-36; 21:14-15,17-18,27-30]; [33:1-49])
,
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7
.

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G

Kitchen, Reliability, p. 311.

. .. Carpenter,
2
"Numbers," ISBE ' 3:562; Dillard and Longman, Introduction, p. 84; A. Hubbard and
F.W. Bush, "Numbers," pp. 101-102.
7

f64v

120

. ,

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8
.

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( . 12:38)?
.

. Hubbard
and Bush, "Numbers," pp. 101-102; Carpenter, "Numbers," ISBE2, 3:562-563; Dillard
and Longman, Introduction, pp. 84-85; G.B. Gray, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary
on Numbers (Edingurgh: T.&T. Clark:, 1903) pp. xxix-xxxix; M. North, Numbers, trans,
by J.D. Martin (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968), p. 10; id., History, pp. 42-66; cp.
Clements, "Pentateuchal Problems," p. 109; Young, Introduction, pp. 84-93; Harrison,
Introduction, pp. 631-632.
J

' Friedman, Commentary on the Torah, pp. 428, 432, 519; Sailhamer, Pentateuch, pp.
370-371:410-412.

10

.
( 1 ) , ,
,
( . 1:7; . 8:4),

11
( . 2; 10:14-20; . Yang and Archer).

, , , ,
7:1,7 9, ,
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12
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15
.
-,
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16
(3:43-50).
( 4 ) , -
10

.
, : E.W. Davies, "A Mathematical
Conundrum: The Problem of the Large Numbers in Numbers I and XXVI," VT 45:4
(1995): 449-469; C.J. Humphries, "The Number of People in the Exodus from Egypt:
Decoding Mathematically the Very Large Numbers in Numbers I and XXVI," VT48:2
(1998): 196-213. : J.W. Wenham, "Large
Numbers in the Old Testament," TynBul 18 91967): 19-53.
, .
: Harrison, Introduction, pp. 631-634, 615-617; Young,
Introduction, pp. 85-86; Archer, Survey,pp. 234-238; Dillard and Longman, Introduction,
p. 84; Hubbard and Bush, "Numbers," pp. 103-106; G.J. Wenham Numbers (Downer
Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1981), pp. 23-25; id., Exploring the Old Testament: A Guide to
the Pentateuch (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2001), p. 106; Kitchen, Reliability,
pp. 264-265.
11

Young, Introduction, pp. 85-86; Archer, Survey, pp. 234-238.

A. Hubbard and FW. Bush, "Numbers," p. 105
13
WE Albright, From the Stone Age to Christiantiy, 2nd ed. (Garden City, NY:
Doubleday, 1957), p. 291; G.E. Mendenhall, "The Census List of Numbers 1 and 26,"
JBL 77 (1958): 52-66; cp. B.S. Childs, Introduction tot eh Old Testament as Scripture
(Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979), p. 200.
14
W.M.F. Petrie, Egypt and Israel, rev ed. (London: SPCK, 1911) pp. 40ff.
15
Davies, "A Mathematical Conundrum," p. 461.
16
Hubbard and Bush, "Numbers," p. 105.
12

121

122

XIII ..

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18
,
.
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19
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22
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24:5 .
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.

,
,
23
.
17

. Barnouin, Les Recensements du livre des Numbres et Vastronumie babylonienne,"

BT27-.3 (1977): 280-303.
18
CM. Wenham, Numbers, p. 338; J. Milgrom, Numbers, J P S Torah Bible Commentary
(Philadelphia: JPS, 1990), p. 338.
19
Davies, "A Mathematical Conundrum," p. 460.
20
Harrison, Introduction, p. 631.
21
., Young, Introduction, p. 86; Archer, Survey, p. 238.
22
., Dillard and Longman, Introduction, p. 84.
23
Milgrom, Numbers, p. xiii.

: (4:1-3), (21:17-18), (24:3-9),

(21:27-30), (12:13), (6:24-26),
(22:22-35), (21:14-19), (27:111), (15:7-21), (15:32-36),
24
(26:1-5), (7:10-88), (33:1-49).

, ,
,
,
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( . 15:32). : ,
( . 20:8). ,
25
, ( . 15:34).

-
, . ,
, .

26
.
I. - 1:1-10:10
II.
- 10:11-21:35
III. ,
- 22:1-36:13
.
I. - 1:1

27

9:14

. - 9:15-25:18
I I I . - 26:1-35:34
.

28

. : - 1:1 -12:6
II. : ,
- 13:1-22:1
III. : ,
- 22:2- 36:13
24

Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 85-86.

. Rendtorff, Introduction, p. 147; Sailhammer, Pentateuch, pp. 369-370;
Carpenter, "Numbers," ISBE2, 3:562; M. Duvshani, "The Dynamic Character of the
Book of Numbers," Beth Mikra 24 (1978): 27-32; W.F. Albright, "Oracles of Balaam,"
JBL 63 (1944): 207-233.
2fi
Milgrom, Numbers, p. xi; Young, Introduction, p. 84.
27
P.J. Budd, Numbers, WBC (Waco, TX: Word, 1984), p. xvii, cited in Dillard and
Longman, Introduction, p. 86.
2S
Hubbard and Bush, "Numbers," pp. 100-101.
25

123

124

,
29
.
I.
- 1:1-10:11
. - 21:10-36:13
111.
- 10:12-21:9
,
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:
I. ,
- 1:1-25:18.
II. , , ,
30
- 26:1-36:13.

10 11,
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31
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1-10
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32
.
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33
, .
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10 .
,
34
, .

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11... 110, ,
, , , ,
, 11 , .
,
35
. .
29

Milgrom, Numbers, p. xiii.

D.. Olson, The Death of the Old and the Birth of the New: The Framework of the
Book of Numbers and the Pentateuch, BJS 71 (Chico: Scholars, 1985), pp. 118-120, cited
in Dillard and Longman, Introduction, p. 87.
31
A.B. Leveen, "Variations on a Theme: Differing Conceptions of Memory in the
Book of Numbers,"7^027 (2002) 201.
32
, p. 218.
33
.
34
, . 219.
35
A.B. Leveen, "Falling in the Wilderness: Death Reports in the Book of Numbers,"
Proofttexts 22 (2002): 248.
30

, ,
. 1-10
.
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, .

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). , .

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(14:39-45; 26:64-65),
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.
, 1:1-6:21,
, 7:1 -9:16, .
1:1-6:21 7:1- 9:16, ,
1:1-6:21 7:1-9:16 (.
161; 7:1-, 9:1,15; 10:10; . 40:1,17). ,

, '

.
(1:47-54).
,
(1:53). ,
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(5:1-6:21).
6:22-27,
.
(7:1 -89). ,
(9:1-14).
, .
36

3G

Carpenter, "Numbers," ISBE2,3:563-564.

. : Whybray, Introduction pp. 78-82; Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp.
86-87.

125

126

(
, ), (
).
.
, ,
( . 15:25; 20:20), , ,

(17:2,7), ,
( . 14:22). ,
( .
14:10-14, ; . 16; 17:1-7; 32:1-33:6;
. 11; 12; 13-14; 16; 10:1-13)
37
: , .
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(11:11-15).
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( . 32), ( . 25).
.

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22:32). , ( .
6:6; 19:5-6). , ,
. 1:50-54 5
,
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, ,
(. 11; 12; 13-14; 16; 20:1-13;
38
21:4-9; 25:1-4; 26:63-65).
,
5:3-5, ,
( . 5; 15:22-16:36; 17:1-7; 32; 33).

[, ] : . ,
[ ] , , , Whybray, Introduction p. 78.

Carpenter, "Numbers," ISBE2,3:564.

, ,
; ,
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( 13-14) ,
, . 14:10614 .
, , -
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26:11 ., . 1:47-54; 9:15-23),
(11:1-3). , (. 4:78), (9:15-23; . .
14:24; 16:6-7; 25:8; 29:43-46; 40:34-38). ,
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( 26).
(1:47-54). -
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. 32:9-13). , -
, ( 2 3 : 1 24:25) (25:1-16).

,
,
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(24:20-25),
39
.
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, (13:1 ., 14:8,23,39; 32:7-9; 33:53),
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(32:14-15),
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(35:34)
(33:56). :
.

127

128

40

. (19:36),
(9:12), , , ,
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16:5, , ,
, , .
30:2 5:33, ,
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, (. . 14:23-25; 26:64-65),
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3:1-4:13 ,
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( . 14:10-35; 21:4-9; . 3:14-15; 12:32-33; 1 . 10:1-5).
.
(. 7),
(. 8), (. 9) (. 10).
,
(. 11). ,
. - , ,
, .
, ,
41
, .
40

. Archer, Survey, p. 234; Harrison, Introduction, p. 634; Hubbard and

Bush, "Numbers," pp. 106-110.
41
Carpenter, "Numbers," ISBE2, 3:567; Dillard and Longman, Introduction, pp. 8990; Hubbard and Bush, "Numbers," p. 110.