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30 0
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88.4927

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1.1.
1.2. .

:
1.2.1.

1.2.2. .
1.2.3. .
1.2.4.
1.3. XX
1.3.1. 1901 .

1920-
1.3.2.
1.3.3. 1930 1939
1.3.4. 1940-
1.3.5. 1950-
1.3.6.
1960-

1.3.7.
1970-

1.3.8.
1980-

1.3.9. 1990-
1.4.
1.5.

6
8
12
13
17
19
24
26
26
37
39
50
56
63
69
73
77
81
84
95

2.1 .
99
2.2.
101
2.3.

105
2.3.1. .. 105
2.3.2.
106
2.3.3.
107
2.4.

108
2.5.
112
2.5.1. .

113
2.5.2.
114
2.5.3.
120
2.5.4.
124
2.6.
126
2.7.

131


2.8.
2.8.1.
2.8.2.
2.8.3.
2.9.

139
139
141
143
147
148

:

3.1 . ( ).... 151
3.2.
153
3.3.
156
3.4.
157
3.5
158
3.6.
161
3.7.
162
3.8.
166
3.9.
167

176

4. 1 .
4.2. ,

4.3.
4.3.1 .
4.3.2.

4.3.3.
4.3.4.
4.3.5.
4.3.6.
4.3.7. :
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.
4.10. ,
4.11 . ,

4.12. :
4.13.

5.1 . ,

5.2. .
,
5.2.1.

178
181
182
182
184
186
188
189
192
195
196
197
209
211
212
215
223
231
237
248
252

255
258
258


5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4. ,

5.3.

6.1 .
6.2. :
6.2.1.
6.2.2. ,

6.2.3.
6.3.

6.4.
6.5. ?
6.6.

262
265
267
276
283
285
287
287
290
295
299
308
315
318
320

322

347

.35 1


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1.2. . 17

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1.2.

. 19

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23

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24

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1.2. .

25

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26

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1.3. XX
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1.3. XX .

27

1866 . . (1887).
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28

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1.3. XX .

29

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1900 . ().
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32

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33

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34

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1869 . .
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1.3. XX .

35

-
1884 . ( -).
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1917 . .
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36

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1884 . .
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.
Attitude Testing (1928).
1921 . .

1.3. XX .

37

1884 . (1909) (1911) .
, 1914 . -,
(1920-1931).
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- 1950 . 1961 .

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38

1. .

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R. Psychologische Diagnostik: Einfuhrung und Uberblick // Handbuch der Psychologic Bd.6.
Gottingen, 1966.
Ibid.

1.3. XX .

39

. , .
, -, (
, ,
), -, .

1.3.3. 1930- 1939 .

1930- . .
. , 1936 . : -
141, 68
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40

1. .

-
1900 .
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1932 . . ,
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1.3. XX .

41

1896 . 6 -. 1916 ., 1917- . , ,
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1935 . .
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42

1. .

1874 . .

.

(1895), (1896);
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.

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- , 1949 .

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1937 .
(The California Tests of Mental Maturity).
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.

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1938 .

(Primary Mental Abilities Test).

-- , ,
, . ,

1.3. XX .

43

1887. .
, .
- ,
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1917-1924 . -
. 1924-1952
.
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. (1955) - , .

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. (. ).

4 56 .
1935 . (The Vineland Social Maturity Scale), 1
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, . 117 -, . , ,
,
(Social Quotient SQ). ,
, ,
, . , , , . , .

, .
1931 . (AllportVernonLindzey Study of Values).

: , , , , . ,
,
(1960) .

44

1. .

1905 . (). (1927),(1930)
- (1931) .
.
(1930-1931)
.
1933.. (1938-1947). .
- ,
.

(1949-1967).

1960-.
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.
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.
1978 ., . - :
(1978).
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1987 . ().

, . ,
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, , .
, , : (Thurstone Personality Schedule); (Bernreuter Personality Inventory); {Bell Adjustment Inventory); (Rogers Adjustment Inventory);
(HummWadsworthTemperamentScale);
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, . -

1.3. XX .

45

1897.().(1922),
( , 1926), ( ,
1952). , . ,
. (- ). (1950). .

, , .
- 1987 .

(1933). : (B1N), (B2S), () (B4D).

, 1960- ., , .
1930- . , , . .
.
(1938) , , . , ,
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,
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. (Schwartz, 1932)
. .
(David Levy, 1937) ,
, , ,
. , ,

46

1. .

1893 . -.
, ,
(1927).

,
,
, .
,
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. 1927 .
. (1928). 1930- .
- .
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.

1938 . .

- (1935).
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, 23 1988 .
, .
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.

.
1930- .
(Christiana D. Morgan and Henry
Murray, 1935). ,
. 1935 . , ().
, , .
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.
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.
,

1.3. XX .

47

. ,
.
(Samuel J. Beck, 1930) ,
. , (Beck, 1933-1937), (Marguerite Hertz) (Bruno Klopfer). 1936 .
Rorschach Research
Exchange, 1949 . Journal of Projective
Techniques.
.
,
. , .
, , , ,
. (Hertz and Rubenstein, 1939) , (. . , ) (
, ) .
,
: (William Stern, 1937) , (Karl Struve), . , , . . ,
, . , ,
.
,
(Margaret Lowenfeld). (1931)
. ,
. (1939)
, - ,
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. ,
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(Shakow, Rosenzweig, 1939).
, . , . , , , .

48

1. .

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- ).
,
- ,
.
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. -
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. . () , ,
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-
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(1947,1948). , 1958 .
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. -
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25 350 .

-
6 , ( 8 ).
, . , , ,
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1940- .
-(Bender-Gestalt) 1938 . , , .
, . , , .
, (L. . Frank).
1939 .
, , , , - , . ,

1.3. XX .

49

9 1897 . .
.
.
. 1926 . 1930-
1956 . ( 1939
).
- - -
1938 . -- .
1987 .

, .
1938 . .
1
- .
- ,
-- , ,
- . .
(Buros Institute of Mental Measurements),
- (
) 1994 .,
-
.
,
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(, -).
. . .
1936 . .

, 1990 . 550
30 . .
. Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores (1968), , 2
(item-response theory) . - , .
XX . .
,
.
, 1935 . . 44- .
1936 . 83 . 415
- 4000 .
. . , 1950- .

50

1. .

1905 . - (). (1925),

(1928). 1932-1965 .
.
- .
- ,
- .

, , 1938 . , .
(
)
,

. 1978 .
-.

1.3.4. 1940-
.
.
1940 .
, (Buros, 1941), 325 200 . , .
, . .

(The Army General Classification Test)
- , 10
- . ,
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( ,
.).
- ,
.
, - . , ,
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20 .
, , .
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, . , .

1.3. XX .

51

1942 . : 1)
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. 425 000 ,
, , , .

, ,
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. ,
. , . ,
. ,
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, , , .
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. , ,
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1949 . , .
200 : 100 100 5 15 .
, , , .
-.

52

1. .

.
20 1903 . 1927 .
. . 1930 . , 1932 .
,
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. ,
1984 ., - .
- ,
- .
- MMPI.

( 2 30 ) . , . . , ,
(Stanford Achievement Tests, 1940), R, S
- (Otis Classification Test, 1941).
(Kuder Preference Record, 1942 .) 168 ,
, :
, , , , , , , . .
. - (Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator, I) , 1962 .
(The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,

I),

. - (Starke
Hathaway, J. . McKinley, 1940,1943). MMPI
, , 550 ,
.

1947 . (Maudsley Medical
Questionnaire). , ,
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. ,
,

1940- . . . () (Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, 1949).
- ,
1940-.

1.3. XX .

53

1916 . 1934 ., ,, .
. (1938) (1940).
, .
,
- 1997 .

1940- . ,
. ,
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. ).
.
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1939- 1947 . 436 .

(Klopfer Kelley, 1942), .
(S. J. Beck, 1944,1945).
, , ,
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. (1945)
- 24 .
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,

54

1. .

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- .
- . 1938
. (
). .
- -, . 1940 ,
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(). -

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- (Diagnostic
Psychological Testing, 1945-1946). 1960 . .

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, . , 1949 .,
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, . .).
,
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.
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.
(1948) , .
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1.3. XX .

55

( )
() 12 1902 .; . 1924 . - ,
- 1929.,1935.1930-.

- ,
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1969 . (1950-1953) (1949-1952).1970-, .
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56

1. .

1923 . ().
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) 1949 . ,
.
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(,1960)..
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, - 17 ,
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.

1949 . .
(The Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, AT),

, . 16 , . (. ).
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(1935)
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. 1951 . 1219 , ,
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1.3. XX .

57

20 1905 . ,
- () .
, 6
. ,

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: - (1924),
- (1929),
(1932), (1939).
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.
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1932 1936 .
. 1937 .
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(1946). -
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(Doppelt shortform, 1956).

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.
, GATB (General Aptitude Test
Bat- tery, 1956),
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10 15 .
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58

1. .

1903 . . (1926) (1927)
, ,
. 1929 . ,
(1931).
1933 .
- , ,
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, . - (1938) (1942). - ,
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- . (1953).
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. , , MMPI.
1951 . , , .
968 MMPI .
1956 . , . , MMPI
. MMPI , . .
, ,
1956 . ,
-.

1.3. XX .

59

1918 . (). (1940) (1943)
- .
(1949). .
. 1956-1957 .
- . 1947 .
.
MMPI ( , :
), 1953 .
, MMPI,
- . 1963 . ,
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) origence ( - ).
MMPI, -
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1990 .

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MMPI ,
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60

1. .

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(1939),
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,
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1.3. XX .

61

.
1914 . (). (1937),
(1938), - (1940). .
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1905 . . ( ). (1926)
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(1946-1965). 1950- .
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62

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MMPI. ,
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: (Clinical versus
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1.3. XX .

63

1916 . (). (1934),
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(1940). ,
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1946 . ,
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1948 . -
(1948-1964).
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(19551957). 1994 . ().

(1954). , - .
1950- .

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1952),- .
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1.3.6. 1960- .
XX . . , ,
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American Psychologist 1965 .
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64

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1.3. XX .

65

, 42 % , 6 % .
(1970),
, , 1940- .
379. 279 , 83 . , . ,
MMPI. , (Edwards Personal Preference Schedule), (Allport -Vernon-Lindzey Study
ofValues), (RaymondCattell's16PersonalityFactors), (California Psychological Inventory), , - .
, , ,
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, .
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1967 . (Wechsler
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(Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, ITPA).

1963 . 1967 . 5 18 . ,

66

1. .

. , ITPA,
, .
. ,
. ,
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: 1) (), 2) () 3) (). :
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, WISC WAIS,
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1965 . , , -.
(British Ability Scales, AS) .
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:

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IQ .

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1960- .
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1.3.

XX .

67

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(- , 1937),

(,1938.,
1941). ,
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.
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).

.

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- (1966)
,

1980-
.
(ResearshwiththeLocusofControlConstruct
3 ., 1981-1984).

,
,

(ThePersonalityResearchForm,PRF), 1967 . . , , ,
. , , -
.

68

1. .

1930 . . - (1952),
(1953).
(1956). .
- . .
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. - .
- ,
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c, ;
, 440 ,
330 ! , , (The Inventory of Psychosocial Balance, 1963). ,
, , : , - , .
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1960- . ,
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1.3. XX .

69

. ,
, . -
.
, 1960- .
( 1960-). ,
. , , .
(Standards for Educational Psychological
Testing, 1966) ,
.
. .
Tests in Print, , , ,
.
1960- . ,
(Jensen, 1969)
?{HowmuchcanweboostIQandscholasticachievement), , ,
, 80 % .
- ,
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. ,
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1.3.7. 1970-
.
1970- . , , .
, : ,
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1960- . (), , .

70

1. .

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(WISC-R). ,
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1971 .
,
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. , , ,
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1.3.

XX

71

1883 . . (1907), (1909)
(1923)

- . .
(
1924-1931 ., - 1931-1950 .).
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- , , ,
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.1951.,1971.

, , , .
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, .
, 80 %
. {The Structure and Measurement of Intelligenc, 1979),
, , IQ.
.
, , , IQ, . IQ (The Science and Politics of
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.
(Kamin, 1974, . 67).
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72

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, 1970- ., . (1972) . (1977).
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.
(1978)
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1980- . , (DSMIH, DSM-IV).
, , - , -
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(, 1976). , .
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1970- . . . , , ,
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1
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: , ,
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1.3. XX .

73

. , 1959 . 44 %
, 24 % 1976 . . .
1974 .
(InternationalAssociationofAppliedPsychology,IAAP) (International Test Commission, ITC),
15 (
23 , ).
ITC. , 1976 1978 .
1970- ., - , ,

.
- (. ).
1970 . - , (Personality
Test and Reviews I), Tests in
Print II. (1975).
1970 .
1975 . ,
,
( ) .
1970- ., (1974).
, ,
.

1.3.8. 1980- .
1940- . ,
, . American Psychologist ( 1981)
, ,
,
.
. , - ,
.

, .

74

1. .

.
,
: MMPI, WAIS, - , , WISC, , , .
1935 1982 . .

-





--

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

()
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20- (Spruill, 1987).
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15. , . - , IQ-. , ,
,
, , , .
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1981). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-R)
1989 . 1700

1.3. XX . 75

3 7 3 , , , .
, . (Kaufman
Assessment Battery for Children, 1983)
- . ,

.

- ,
, .
1980- ., ,
- ,

1982 1989 .
(Advances in The Psychology of Human Intelligence). , , , , , , , , , .

, , , , , . . (Human
IntelligenceInternationalNewsletter,1980-1987), , . : ,(AbilityTesting:Uses, Consequences,
and Controversies, 1982). ,
. , .
.
1989 . MMPI-2. MMPI, MMPI-2
.
MMPI-2. , 15 , , ,
( 27 ). .

. MMPI-2 . , MMPI , , .

76

1. .

, : , ,
.
, , ,
. 1930- . 9 % , XX . .
49 %
! MMPI-2 14 % .
. , (, 1980), , ,
, . ,
(. , 1930- . . ),
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- .
- , (1985).
,
. 1983-1984 . 300000 , 2000 .
. 1970- . , , , , .

(Groth-Marnat Shumaker, 1989). , ,
. ,
, , ,
, , . , .
1984 . , ,
(Test Critiques), ,
,
. 1994 .
1985 . - .

1.3. XX .

77

1.3.9. 1990- .
, ,
, , . . , , , .
, , , , , , . .
1992 . 477 (, , 1
, ) .
(28,3 %),
4,6 %
(,
).
- . : 1991 .
(WISC-R), 1998 . ( WAIS-).
.
. . 1990 .
-,
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-
-. -
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.
, .

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1990 .
- .
;
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(
). ,
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-
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78

1. .

(1997). , , , ,
, , ,
. , , , .
. {Fagan Test ofInfant Intelligence,
1992)
{Infant-ToddlerDevelopmentalAssessment,1995).
, , , (Encyclopedia of Human Intelligence, 1994).
() .
"". (The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life,
1994). IQ , , , , ,
. , , , , ,
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. , , . 1
, PsyLit , 1990- 1996 . (. 1.1).
1992 . MMPI, MMPI-A. , 1989 .,
, 805 815 14 18 . : .
1990- . . ,
PsyLit - , . () , 1300 50 . ,
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1.3. XX .
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MMPI-2
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()
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79

,

1337
869
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571
539
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287

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.
, (XIV
1990-, XV 1996-, - , XVI , 1999 .
). 23-
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, . 1990 . 64 -
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, 32 % . MMPI,

80

1. .

. , .
1990- . , . , 4
1965 . 400 1990 . , ,
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, . , ,
,
, .
1
1990- .
. 1994 . , . 1990- .
, ,
(1998), 370 ( 1999 .
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1993 . .
.
,
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, 1990- .
. , , (, , 2001, . 12). ,
.
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1.4.

81

. , ,

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1.4.

,
( ) ,
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,
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.
XIX . . 1845 .
, , . 1860- .
.

. ,
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,
33 000 4-8- , 21 . 1897 .
.
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82

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4-8- 6000 18 , 7 . , .
8000 9 .
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(Educational Psychology). , .
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(Introduction to the Theory of Mental
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. , , . , . , .
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(1914).
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1.4.

83

. ( 30 000 ) .
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. 125 .
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. (1913)
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(1913).
, ,
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, (1918), . , 1916 .
900 000 , 100 000 .
. . 1918 . . .
109 ,
, 84 ,
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84

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1.5.

85

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. . 1928 .

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86

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(, 1929).
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1.5.

87

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88

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1.5.

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Heis R. Psychologische Diagnostik: Einfuhrung und Uberblick // Handbuch der Psychologie. Gottingen. 1966. - Bd. 6. - S. 7-16.
A Supplement to Oxford English Dictionary. London: Oxford of the Charendon Press, 1982. P.
880. Websters. - Springfild, Massachusetts: G and Merriam Co., 1981. - P. 1833.
. .: , 1983. . 2.
. 389.

2.2. 101

(Anastasi, 1968; , 1982, 2001), Essentials ofPsychological Testing (Cronbach, 1960),

Test Theory (Magnusson, 1967),

- Theory andPractice of Psychological Testing (Freeman, 1963).

-

(
History of Psychological Testing; DuBois, 1970).

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102

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Stern W. Uber Psychologie der Individuellen Differenzen. Ideen zu einer Differentiellen Psychologie.
Leipzig Barth, 1900.
HofctatterP. R. Differetielle Psychologie. - Stuttgard, 1971. - S. 34.

106 2.

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2.3.

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108 2.

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116 2.

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118 2.

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120 2.

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214 4.
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22 4

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22 8

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23 6

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24 0

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24 2

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A bio-ecological model of intellectual development Moving beyond h // Intelligence, Heredity and

Envi- ronment. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

4.12. :

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24 6

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25 0

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26 0

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26 2

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28 0

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28 2

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28 6

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28 7

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29 0

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29 5

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29 6

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30 0

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