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)

v - 1
v - 1
f(v) +
f() + 1 v-
v
v - v1
+ q v v1 f() + q 1 - -f(v) =
v-
v-
- + v- + v- v
= p 1 q q 1 f() + 1 p qv1 q f(v) =
v-
v-
+ - + - = pv qv p qv f() + p qv q f(v) =
v
v-
= f() + qf (v) .
=

--

--

--

.

.
f(x) : (; f()) , C(v; f(v)) ,
( 1 ; f( 1 )) , D(v 1 ; f(v 1 )) (
[ 1]). , ,
G - 1 + qv 1 , f( 1 ) +
+ qf(v 1 ) , F - + qv,
f() + qf(v) . , G
, D,
F - , .
= + qv .
(4) :
F G.
,
1 [ 1 ] .
1 . (4)

, = 1 v = v 1
2.
f
,
( 4)

f( 1 ) + qf(v 1 ) > f() + qf(v) .

(5)
, q > , + q = 1; . v , 1 , v 1 -
; f
.

1
= q = - (5) 2
(1). ,
(5)
[(),
f(v) f( 1 ), f(v 1 )
q . (5)
,

.
. (5) f(x)

,
= () , v = v(x) , 1 = 1 (), v 1 = v 1 (x) ,
D
(5)

( 6)
+ qv = 1 + qv 1 ,
(5)
D 1 = D n {: () v(x) ; 1 () v 1 (x)}

(7)

. ,
(7) , D 1 ,
(5). ,

(5), D 1 ,
(7) .
, 0 - (5) D 1
(0) '# 1 (0) , ( 6) , v(x0) '# v 1 (x0) .

(0) < 1 (0) 1 (0) + qv 1 (x0) =

= (0) +

qv(Xo) v1 (x0)

<

v(x0),

qv(x0) =
= 1 (0) + qv 1 (x0) v(x0) < v 1 (x0).
f(x)
1 (0)

<

() (0)

f( 1 (0))

qf(v 1 (x0))

<

f((0))

qf(v(x0))

32

4 / 2009

, 0 - (5).
.
3. ,
(7)

v(x) = v 1 (x).
4. q ,
1
.. p = q = , 2
2 [ 1 ] .

({: () S v(x) ; 1 () S v 1 (x)} u

u {: () v(x) ; 1 () v 1 (x)})
(5) () =
=
1 () ,
D3 = D n ({: () S v(x) ; 1 () v 1 (x)} u
u {: () v(x) ; 1 () S v 1 (x)}) () = v 1 (x) .
D2 D3
D .
D2

{
(

2 S 3x - 2
22 - 2 S 3x - x2 ,

2 3 - 2
22 - 2 3 - 2 .

, ,

D,

- -;

D,

3-

f] u [t: 3 + f3] U [2; + -) .

[ -; ] [
;l u

; ; 2J

D2 (8) -

.

4 .
1 ( [ 1 ] ) .

3
3
2 2 + 2 -2 = 4 2 -1 + 2 - 2

.
.

.!.. . 2 2 + .!_ 2 3 - 2 = .!_ 22 2 -2 .!_ 2 3 - 2

+
'
2
2
2
2

(8)

i x2 + i (3x - 2) = i (2x2 - 2) + -i- (3x - x2 ),

R.

2
f(x)
R, (8) 1
(5). p = q = ,
2
= r, v = 3 - 2, ) = 2r - 2 , v, = 3 - r.
D2 D3
4. D2
=

(9)

D3 -
r

3x - r.
( 10 )
(9) 1 = -..fi, = ..fi ,
2
D2 , ( 10 ) 3 = ,
3
4 = - - D3
2

o, , ..fi.

2.

= . x = ..fi.
2

2t/10 + x + 3 10 - x = 3ifi + 2ifii.

.
[- 10; 15]. 5
(
) ,

3. tt1 o + x + 1o - 3. x = ifi + 3. ifii.

(1 1)
5
5
3
5
5
( 1 1 ) (5),
f(x ) = Vx,
2
2
3
= -, q = - , = 10 - -, v = 1 0 + x, 1 = 2, v1 = 22.
3
5
5
f(x)

.
( 1 1 ) ( 6 ) :

33

2
2
2
3
3
- 10 - - + - ( 10 + ) = - 2 + - 22.
5
3
5
5
5

.
D1 ,
, ( 1 1 ) -

2
1 - 1 + ,

[- 10; 15] .
, D1 = [; 15] . ,
[; 15] ( 1 1 )
10 + = 22, = 12.

, -

.
: = 1 2.
3.

2V10 + x + 3 10 - x = 8.
. , ,
,
.

V10 + x + 10 - = 1/1 + Vi.

5
5
3
5
5

2>

( 12 ) ( 5 ) ,
f (x ) = Vx, = 1 - , v = 2 - ,
2
1
1 = , v 1 = 2,5 - 1,5, = q =
, ( 6 )

. D1

v , 1 v1 , D1 =
= ( ; 1 ] . ,
1 - = ,
= 1 .
: = 1 .
5 .
-

2Vx + 1 5 = 6 - V1 8 - 2x .

.
[ - 15; 9] .
( 5 ) f(x ) = Vx.


:

! tf1 8 - 2x + Vx + 1 5 = 2.
3
3

2
3
2
= -, q = - , = 10 + , v = 10 - -x, 1 = 1 ,
5
5
3
v 1 = 16.
2
2
2 3
3
5 ( 10 + x ) + s 1 - 3 = s- 1 + 5 16,
( 6 )

V1 - x + i V2 - x = VO + V2,5 - 1,5x .

( 1 3)

= q =

( 1 3)

= l8 - 2x, v = x + 15.

. ,
D1 , , [- 10; 0] .
,

10 + = 1 . , = -9 -
.
: = -9.
4.

2
1
+ qv = (1 8 - 2 ) + ( + 15) = 16,

( 1 3 ) :
2 = ! . 2 + 2 = ! Vl + Vi. ,
3
3
3
3
1 = v 1 = 16. ,
1 8 - 2 + 15,
D1 : D1 = [ 1 ; 9] .
( 1 3 ) 1 8 - 2 = 16, = 1 .

.
( ; 1 ] .

v = 1 8 - 2, 1 = v 1 = 16.
( 6 ) , D1

2,V1 - x + 2V2 - x = 2V,.x.

5 --1-,5-

N!! 4

(l) p = q = ,

= + 15,

34

4 / 2009

[- 15; 1].
( 1 3 )
+ 1 5 = 1 6 ,
= 1. ,
.
: = 1 .
5 .

= 1./1 8 - 2 + 21./ + 1 5
, [- 15; 1 )
, ,
( 1 ) = 6 ,
,
[- 15 ; 1 ) .

,

V1 - 1 - x 2 + V1 + 1 - x 2 = 2,

.
6.

V1 - 1 - x 2 + 2V1 + 1 - x2 - W1 - x 2 = 2 s fi

V2

.
, .. [-1 ; 1 ] ,
( 14) :

( 14 ) ( 5 ) ,

f(x) = Vx, p = q = , = 1 -1-2 , v = 1 +1-x2 ,

1 = 1 - 2 , v1 =

(6). :

.!.. + v = .!.. ( 1 - 1 - 2 ) + ( 1 + 1 - 2 ) =
3
3
3 3

= 1 + .!_ 1 - 2 = .!_ 1 - 2 + = .!.. 1 + v1 .

3 2 3
3
3
3
[- 1 ; 1 ] :5; v,
1 :5; v1 , ( 14)

1 - 1 - 2 = 1 - 2 , -

.fj
= .

.fj .
= 2

:
7.

( ) = 3 1n t .

2 ln ( x + 1 ) + 3 1n ( 1 - x ) - 2 ln -

.
D = ( - 1 ; )

.
.

, D

( )

2
3
2
3 5
- ln ( x + 1 ) + - ln ( 1 - x ) = - ln - - + - ln - .
5
5
5
2 5 3

( 15 )

2
lnx, = 5 '
3
5

q = , = + 1 v = 1 - X, 1 = -l, VI = ,
S
( 15 ) f(x)

(6):

2 3
2
3

5 + 5 v = s (x + 1) + 5 ( 1 - ) = 1 - 5 =
=

{- ) + t = l + Vp

.
, f(x) = lnx
.
, D
(- 1 ;
+ 1 :5; 1 - ,

5
-2
:5; 3,

, -

+ 1 = --.
2

2
= --.
3

8.

2
= --.
3

1 3
2 + 2 + 5 i-x = 2 -2 + 5 ?.[21,

(-;}

( 1 6)

35

+ 1 -

. ,
. ( 5 ) , ,

5
f(x) = 2x, = (; q = (; =
3
7
1 = 1 - - ' v1 = -. ,
2
5

2, v =

2 2 x+l + 5 2 1 - = 2 2 -2 + 5 i5.
3

=7

q =7

( 17 )

= + 1, v= 1 -,

3
7
, v1 = s

+-

( + 1)+ 5 (1
-

) 1 3

- -

os 2 x sin 2

-cos 2
3

D1 , -

3
2

D1

=[-:;J

D1

( )

2
= -- .
5

2 sin2 x + 3 2 cos2 x = 2 + 3 V2 2 cos 2x

U 4+
k
-+-

'

4 + 1tk .

sin2 x + -3 2 cos2 x - - 2 1 + -3 2 cos2 x

4 2
4
4
4
'

( 1 8)

[1t

(18)

.
1t
1t

k=

+ k

1t + ]
k

cos 2 = s 2

( 7 )
3
2
+ 1 = -- ' = - - .
2
5

- - ' Di ' 5
5
( 1 6)

{+11

--<-

3 2
3
=4 -cos 2 + 4 = -
4 1 +4 vl
3

..

(6) . ,
( 7 ) .

9.

3
3 2
.
2=
-
4 +4 V =4 COS X + -SI
4

(6) .

v=
= =
=
f { - % ) + { ) = f l + v "

1 = 2

1
.
,
1 1
1 1
( 1 8)
{ 1.

3
f( x ) = 2 X , = 4 , q =4 ,
2 2

= cos2 x, v = sin2 x, 1 = s
v1 =

(6) .
( 1 6) :

x,

= 2 + , n = , 1 , . . . - .
:

= 2 + , n = 0, 1 , . . . .

,

,
,
,

(
)
: = .

1
1
4
5
= lnx, = , = ,
-

,
,
, v, 1 , v 1

1. . ., . .

11 .

2005.

N!! 5.

2. . .
11
.

2002.

N!! 1.

3. ..

11
.

2002.

N!! 7.

4 / 2009

. . , ..
(. .)

.
, .

,
, .

,

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1.

-2
2

-3

-
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1 4?
,
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,
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,
( [2-5 ] ) ,
,
.
,
(,
)
.
,
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!)
.

, ,
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2, 3, 5, 9,
4, 8 , 16 1 1 .
,

Xn Xn -l . . XX 2 Xl ,

4,

2 1 ,
, 4 (

) .
, ,

xn xn _ 1 . . . x3 x 2 x1 ,

8,

3 2 1 ,
, 8.
, ,

- . . 2 1 ,

16, -

4321 ,
, 16.
Xn Xn-l " ' X3X2X1 1 1
,
( 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - )
1 1 .

,
, :

Xn Xn -l . . XX2Xl = Xl + + Xs + . . .

)+

+ (993 + 99995 + 9999997 + . . . ) + . . . +

+ ( 1 12 + 1 00 14 + 10000 16 + . . . ) - (2 + 4 + + . . . ).

9999 = 909 1 1 ' 999999 = 90909 1 1 ' . . . '
100 1 = 990 + 1 1 , 10000 1 = 99990 + 1 1 , . . . ,

37

1 1

.
1.
,
:
1 ) 6 0 8457 0 - 44; 2) 1 8 3 0 4 0 - 165;
3) 8 0 592 0 - 1 32.
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.
-
.
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2 1 - 2,
22 - 4,
23 - 8 ,
2 4 - 6,
25 - 2 .. ;
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8 2 - 4,
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84 - 6,
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9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 22

3" 03 09 27 8 1 43 29 87 6 1 8 ... 49 47 4 1 23 69 07 21 63 89 67 0 1 0 3 .
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38

4 / 2009

:
u

S = n( n + 1 ) .
2

9,
n(n + 1 )
8. ,

n n + 1 ,
8.
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2, 6, . ,
9.
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42 105263 1 578947368
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842 105263 157894736

.
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: 3025.
YnpiUIIee 4. ,

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105263 1 57894736842
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2105263 15789473684
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42 105263 1 578947368
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: 105263 157894736842.

iU 5.

1
2009
+
22009
+
32009 + . . . + 2 009 2009

. n 2009
. 10
1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
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4n

6. , n N

+ 9n WI .
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3k, 3k + 1 , 3k + 2, .. 3
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4
,
: 4k, 4k + 1 , 4k + 2, 4k + 3 ..
rpyn
.

2.

,
:

39

3 ,
: k, 3k + 1 , 3k + 2.
2
9. , n(n + 5)
6.
. ,
n(n 2 + 5) ,
, 3.
3
: k, 3k + 1 , 3k + 2.
.
n = 3k,
.
n = 3k + 1 ,
n 2 + 5 = (k + 1 ) 2 + 5 = 9 + 6k + 6.
n = 3k + 2,
n 2 + 5 = (k + 2) 2 + 5 = 9 + 1 2k + 9.
, 3,
.
10.
3 11 ?
.
11 n .
n = 3k, n 2 = 9, ..
3 .
n = 3 k + 1, n 2 = 9 + 6k + 1, ..
1 .
n = 3 k + 2, n 2 = 9 + 1 2k + 4 , ..
1 .
:
3
1 , 2.

,

2 -:t:. 3m + 2. , ,
1
:
, ,
2 - 2
= --? 3
r = + 2, :
.

40

4 / 2009

11.
2009.
?
. ,
3m + 2. ,
(
, 5), , 2
, 2007,
, 3.
(, 5),
, 1 ,
20 1 0 , .. 3.
: .
12.
n, n, n + 10, n + 14
.
.

3.
n = 3k + 1 , n + 14 = 3k + 1 5
3 , .. .
n = 3k + 2, n + 10 = 3k + 1 2
3 , .. .
n = 3k,
n = 3. n + 10 =
= 1 3 n + 14 = 1 7
,
n = 3.
: n = 3.
13. ,
*
3.
. ,
, , 3 .
: ,
.
3.
= 3k + 1 , = 3m + 1 .
2 + 2 = ( 9k + 6k + 1 ) + ( 9m2 + 6m + 1 ) ,

r, ero - , ..
, , , Ql +
+ 2 = c.J. , , 3, 4, 5; 5, 12, 13 ..

3 2,
2
= 3k + 1 , = 3m + 2
2 + 2 = ( 9k + 6k + 1) + ( 9m 2 + 1 2m + 4) .
= 3k + 2, = 3m + 2
2 + 2 = ( 9k + 1 2k + 4) + ( 9m 2 + 1 2m + 4) .
, 2 + 2
. ,

3 .
14. 2008n + 7
?
. 2008n
:
2008n = (2007 + 1 )n =
= 2007n + n . 2007n-l . 1 + ... +
+ ... + n . 2007 . 1n-l + 1,
2007 3.
, 2008n
3 1 . ,
2008n + 7 3
2 .
: .

7. 1 2-
N 2 9
2 , - .
N ?
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3m + 2.
56:
+ 1 + 2 . 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 2 9 = 56.
,
3 2.
: .
8. ,

9.
.
3
(n - 1 ) 3 + 3 + (n + 1 ) = 3n(n 2 + 2)
3 . ,
.

41

( 2 + 2) 3 .

( 2 + 2) n
3, m 9.
, (n - 1 ) 3 + n 3 + (n + 1 ) 3
9.
9. 20092" + 1 0 2009
?
. m
14, :

2009 2n = (20 1 0 - 1 i" =

2"
= 20 1 0 + 2n 20 1 02"- 1 (- 1 ) + . . . +
+ . . . + 2n 20 1 0 (- 1 ) 2n-I + (- 1 ) 2n.
, 2009 2n
3 1 . m,
1 02009 3
1 . , 20092n + 1 02009
3 2
.
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= kx , k
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1 00 100 , 50 ,
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= ( 1 0 : 20 : 30) .

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0 =

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46

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48

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51

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6
10

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20

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1

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1

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1

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am :F- 1) . :

1 1 1 1 = 1 1 101,
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n=6
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=8
n = 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1 1 1 1 00 100 1 .
,
5 . repeated unit - .

.. .

52

4 / 2009

, ,
(
1 1 ) ,
( - 1) ( Rm,
> 2) , .
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k , Rn
Rn
Rk x -
Rk
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R12 R2, R3, R4, Rr,,
:
1 1 10101010 1 0 1 ,
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1 1 1 1 1 000 1 000 1 ,
111111
1 0000 1 .
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, 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 - .
k
n , Rn Rk x m

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, R30
R2, R3, R5, R6, R10, R15,
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k n ,
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:
n
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, k = 2, = 3

= 1 1 1 1 1 9 1,

R12 = 1 1 1 1 1 9 100009 1,
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R24 = 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 00009 1,
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n = 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 00009 1,
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m
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k = = 2
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242, k = 3 = 4 -
4 1 02 893! : (
(:

N.

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,

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53

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l r

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22

1 00

33

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67

66

56

77

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12

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,
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11.

Rm - ,

, ,
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.. ,

1 1 . . . 1 1,

1.

1 1 1 = 3 37,
1 1 1 1 = 11 1 0 1 ,
1 1 1 1 1 = 4 1 27 1 ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 = 3 7 1 1 1 3 .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 239 4649,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1 1 73 1 0 1 1 3 7 ,
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k>

, - .

3m

3 37, 3 , 37

l x 1 2 1 + 1 00 ..).

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km

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).

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3
3
3
3
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7
7
7
7
1

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529 1 00529 1

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13
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54

4 / 2009

,

!

-
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= 41

- R5,

1
7

- = 0, ( 14285'ry,

_!_ = 002439) .
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R1 9 ( 1 9 1 8 . ) , R23
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( 1978

.)

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p- l

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56

6. ,

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1 1 ... 1 1?
2009

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24

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2009

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,

Rn Rm,

Rk, k -

1 . k = 1 6n , n N.
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: = 8
= 5 - ) .
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6 1 6 . (2, 6, 1 6 ) = 48,

, n
R2n R2n+2; R2n+l R2n+ ?
,
Rk Rm ,

k ?
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( )?

,
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2
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8. 4 .

!L:.!J
5k

18

41

k N,

!L:.!J
2009

2005

1 1 . . . 1 10000 + 1 1 1 1 = 1 1 . . . 1 10000 + 27 4 1 + 4'

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2005
,

!L:.!J
2009

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2
2009 = 7 4 1 , 1 1 . . . 1 1
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58

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59

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62

4 / 2009

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7

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) .

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., 1 876.

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rr.

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L. ALM -
(. 1 ) .
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(L)
OALM.
:
V=

p(O, ( ALM)) SAL

p (O, (ALM)) =

V=

(, ()) SL

p( M , (AC)) SoAL .
SALM

68

4 / 2009

4. AEL
AML () .
sAEL
= cos a, -
SAL
. ,

. 1

1
p(O, (ALM)) = 2 cos a.

(L) (). .l (),
() EG .l AL
G (.
. 2), MG .L AL . LMGE= , cos a = G .
MG
5. EG. -
, .
.Ji KB = CBcos30 = -3 (. 3).

2
1
1
0 = 0 = = , OF = FE = . 4
2
FF1 .l , -
, : LOFF1 = 30,

.J3 AF FF; = 0F cos 30 = -.

8

AKF:

. 2

(, ()). ro -
, r (, ())
(. . 2).
.l () , ,
. ,
3.

2
= - = 1' AF2 = 2 + KF2 ,
3
1
.J3 F = KO + OF = l . = - = 2
2 '
4

21
AF 2 = l6,
AF = .J2l .

1
1
ME = W = -. , = = -.
2
3
, F - ,
AL.
, OAL AEL
AL .

,
(, (ALM)) =

SAEL
2 SAL

69

001 AF1F (
AO
), 001 = _ FF; = 1 .
AF
FF. AF '
2J1
1
, EG = 001 = ;;
1

2v 7

6. MEG (. . 2)
MG = EG2 + ME2 =

1
EG
cos a = -=--.
G 2../2

../2

- p(O, (ALM)) = --g

,


. , ,

( )
,
,

.
.
.
2. S,
R = 6.
, , ,
LBSA = LASC = LCSB = 60. ,
, D ,
SADC
.
D (S).
. 1 . - SA, SB,
SC , LASB = LASC = LCSB = 60,
ASB, ASC, CSB -
= = = AS (. 4) .
,
,
R = 6, = = = AS = 6../3.
2 . D

s
,

SADC
.


, :
VSABDC =

= V.st:"A + V.st:"BD

S ,
. 4

SADC ,
SCBD .
1
1
VscD = SO ScD = 6 s . . (D, ).
SO -
, SCBD
p (D, ) - D

, ,
D (. . 4) .
3 . p (D, (S)).
SABD.
:
1
1
vSAD = 3 so . sDA vSAD = p(D, (SAB)) SsA
SO SDBA
p(D, (SAB)) =
SA .
2../3 27../3
4 . SSA =
.
4
SOA SO : SO = SA2 - 2 = 6../2.

D (LDBA = 90). DA = 12
-

S B

LDAB = 30, DB = 7.1 AD = 6. -

, SDA = DB AB = 1 8../3.
5. rn, r ( D, (ASB)) = 4../2.

70

4 / 2009

..

- .

(.-)

N.! 8 2008 .
..
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.
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