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/* */
# include <stdio.h>

void main() //

printf("Hello world ! \n") ;

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0 BLACK
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11 LIGHTCYAN -
12 LIGHTRED -
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14 YELLOW
15 WHITE

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3.1. , .

+ + :

#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"z : W b g i " )

setbkcolor(15 ) ; // -
I/
setcolor(l) ; // , :-::/_
c i r c l e ( 100 , 100 , 3 5 ) ; //
setcolor(O);
circle(160,100,35)
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circle(220,100,35)
//
setcolor(YELLOW) ; // ,
circle(130,140,35); //
setcolor(GREEN);
c i r c l e t 1 9 0 , 1 4 0 , 35 ) ;

getch( ) ;
closegraph();
}

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3.2. ,

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delay(n) dos.h - ,

(1

= 1000 ).

+ + :

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circle(90,90,70);
circle(90,235,70) ;
circle(90,380,70);

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floodfill(90,90(WHITE) ; //

delay(2000);// 2

setfillstyle(1,BLACK);//
floodfill(90,90,WHITE);

setfillstyle(1,YELLOW); // -
floodfill(90,235,WHITE); //

d e l a y ( 2 00 0 ) ; // 2
setfillstyle(1,BLACK); // -
floodfill(90,235,WHITE);

setfillstyle(1,GREEN); // -
floodfill(90,380,WHITE); //

3.3. ,
.

setcolor(RED); / /
arc(200,200,20,190,45);//
arc(200,170,170,340,45);//
c i r c l e ( 2 3 0 , 1 8 0 , 1 ) ; //
line(220,210,220,160);///
line(154,205,154,163);///
delay(3000) ; // 3
 3. .
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#include <conio.h>
ttinclude <iostream.h>

void main()
{ const int s=2; //
//
int =3;
char =4;
float z=3.14;
clrscr();//

z- z - a ; t l x 6.14
cout<<z<<endl; // << e n d l -

=s;//c 5
cout<<(int)c<<endl;

az-a; // 9
cout<<a<<endl;

+ + ; / /
cout<<(int)c<<endl ;

= c/s;//c 3
cout<<(int)c<<endl ;

a=a%c;//
cout<<a<<endl ;

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int =12, =20;

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:
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char a = 6 8 ; int a = 6 8 ; double a=68.15900;

printf("%c",a); D D -

printf("%i",a); 68 68 0
printf("%f',a); 68.159000
printf("%4f',a); 68.159000
printf("%4.1f',a); 68.2
printf("%.2f',a); 68.16
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int = 10, =20, z;

char ch;
float fl, f2;
double d;
z = x + y
ch =
fl = 3.14;
f2 = fl * 2.5;
d = 0.5;
 printf( " \" );
printf( " = %i \", );
printf( " z %3 %31 ", , z ) ;
printf( " % % % ", ch, ch, ch );
printf ( "\t \n \ " };
printf( "%f %f %.2f ", fl, f2, d );

:

= 10
z 20 30
* * *



3.140000 7.850000 0.50

5.3. :
. , ,
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.

int =10, b=5, =2, d=3, h=3; //

float SI, S2; / / S I - , S2 -
SI = 0.5 * * h; *
S 2 = a * b - 3 * ( c * d ) ;
printf(" %2.1f \n", S 1 ) ;
printf(" %2.1f \n", S 2 ) ;

++ , - .
.
( conio.h):
textcolor(color) - . color
0..15;
textbackground(color) - .
, color;
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80x50, .. 80 ,
50. , .
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textbackground(LIGHTGRAY);
textcolor(YELLOW);
gotoxy(40,25);
printf("");

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.
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stdio.h. :

scanf (" ", &_1, &_2, ... &_) ;

int ;
scanf("%i", &); ?

printf.
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scanf ,
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scanf:
% - ;
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.
int , , z;
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%i", & ) ;
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%i %i", &, & z ) ;
^ p r i n t f (" = % i " , + + z) ;

5.6. ,
. : 1 .
float price, mass; //
printf(" 1 : " ) ;
scanf("%f", &price);
printf(" : " ) ;
 scanf("%f", Smass);
p r i n t f ( " %.2f . \n ! price * mass);

++ , , /
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iostream.h. : cin cout -
.
. :

int ;
cin ; //
++;
c o u t << ; //

, :

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c i n xl 2 ;
x l += 2 + ;
c o u t << " = " xl << "";

xl, 2 ,
" = ", , xl,
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c o u t << " = " << xl <<endl;
, ,
.

34
 5.

5.1. ,
, ,
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< >
< >
< >

7^. 5.2. , :

5.3. , -
= 3.140000 :
1)3 2)3.1 3)3.14 4)3.140

5.4. ,
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: 373 000

5.5. ,
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12 . 50 .
:
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-> 3 2 , 7

32,7 . - 32 . 70 .

5.6. . ,
.

5.7. ,
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150 - 2 . 3 0 .

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>= >=8
< <7
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!=8

6.1. , -
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f l o a t , , , max;
p r i n t f (" ! : \ " ) ;
scanf ("%f %f %f ", &a, &b, & c ) ;
i f ( a > b && a > )
p r i n t f ( " ! V n " ) ;
else
i f (b > c)
p r i n t f ( " ! \ n " ) ;
else
p r i n t f ( " ! \ " ) ;

.
3
: " > 10 < 40, , - 2
* + 3"? .
- "", "", "".
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1 - .
5 10, > 5
< 10. ++: > 5 && < 10.
5 10 :
< 5 > 10. ++: < 5 || > 10 , !( > 5 && < 10)
 1

6.2. > 5 && < 10, < 5 || > 10,

!(<5), , =5.
int =5;
printf("%i\n",>5&&<10);
printf("%i\n",x < 5 | | x > 10);
printf("%i\n",!(x<5));
:
0
0
1

J
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:

if ( > 1 0 & & < 4 0 ) = * * ;

else = 2 * + 3;

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else 2;

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/* = 1/ */
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if(x == 0) printf(" !\");

else *
{
= 1/;
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}

switch
if .
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float a, b, res=0;
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scanf("%f %f", &a, & b ) ;
printf(" 1. \ n " ) ;
printf(" 2. \ n " ) ;
printf(" 3. \ n " ) ;

41
 printf(" 4. ) ;
scanf("%i",Sen); //
switch( ch ) // ch
//
{
case res = a + b break;
case res = a - b break;
case res = a * b break;
case res = a / b break;
printf( '" ! ") ;
}
printf(" : %2.2f", r e s ) ;
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44
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45
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, , , N=3
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i S
0 5 5 (0+5)
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7.3. , yi = 2 + 1 = "
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int i,yl,y2;
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yl=i*i;
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printf ("x= %i yl= %i y2=%i\n",i,yl,y2! 9-
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i(x) yi 2
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4 16 9

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int i;
for(i=10;i>=0;i-=2)
{
printf("%i %i\n",i,i*i);
}

47
 :
10 100
8 64
6 36
4 16
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0

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int i, j;
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48
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LONG pwd=12 34 5 , pwdl;

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break; //
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,
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# include <stdlib.h>

int a,s=0;
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{
printf("%2i",a=random(10));
 9

s+=a; //
}
printf("I %i\n",s);
s=0; // ,
//
//

50
 7.
7.1. , .

7.2. ,
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:

1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36
7 49
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9 81
10 100

7.3. ,
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12 156.

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51
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15 11 = 1 6 5
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5 19 = 95
8 8 = 64
: 9 - .

52
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8 8 <= 10 64
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8.2. ,
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long n,i=10,k=l;
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k++;
i*=10;
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10, 100, 1000 ..,
.
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54
 :
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= 2.
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8.4. , ,
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long ,1;
long i;
do
{
1=1;
i=10;
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cin>>n;
w h i l e ( n / i =0)
{
1++;
i*=10;
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c o u t " ! " e n d l ;
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i++;
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break;
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57
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8.7. X (|| < 1) N (N > 0).

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60
 .
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int [10], b[17], [ 5 0 ] ;
char str[40], c h [ 5 ] ;
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: *
const int n = 10;
int m a s [ n ] ;

int m a s [ 1 0 ] ;
, ..
:
double arg[3] = {3.56, 7.32, - 0 . 0 1 } ;
arg[0] = 3.56, arg[l] = 7.32, arg[2] = -0.01.
(
):
char str[] = {'','b','','m','','f'};
str 6 , .. 1 (
:
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sum += a [ k ] ;
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.
9.1. , - ,
.
int i;
int m a s [ 1 0 ] ;

for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )

scanf( &mas[i] );
9.2. , -
:
int i;
int mas[10] ;

for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )

printf{ " % i " , mas[i] );

9.3. , 5 .
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61
 int A[5],i,Summa=0,pos,max;//i -
//Summa -
//max -
//pos -
for( i=0;i<5;i++) //
{
scanf("%i",&A[i]);
}
max = A[0];//,
pos=0;
for( i=0;i<5;i++)
{
8
Summa+=A[i];
if (A[i] > max )// ,
{ //,
max=A[i]; //
pos=i+l; //
}
printf("CyMMa=%3i =%31 =%31\",Summa,max,pos);

, , -
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- .
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a[j][i] = a[i][j] + 4;
z = a[3][4]++;.
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:
[3][0][1] = 3.14;
f = b[i][j][k] + b[i][j][k];
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.
int [2][3],
: [0][0], a[0][lj, [0][2], [1][0], [1][1],
[1][2]. ,
.
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int i, j ;
int bob[10][20];

for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{ // _1
for(j = 0; j < 20; j++) // _1
p r i n t f %3i " , b o b [ i ] [ j ] ) ; // _2
printf(" \ n " ) ; // _1
}
bob .
i 20 , .. i-
.
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9.4. ,
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/* */
const int n = 10; //
int a[n][n], i, j ;
for(i = 0 ; i < n; i++)
forfj = 0; j < n; j++)
a[i][j] = (i + 1) * (j + 1 ) ; //

63
 for(i = 0 ; i < n; i++)
{
f o r ( j = 0 ; j < n;
printf("%4i", a[i][j]); // :.;";: = :-:a
printf("\n") ;
}
. . :
1 2 3
5 6 1 1, 6 0 ( ) .
# 9 0 3, 6 8 ( ) - .

9.5. , -
5x5 , , fi
.

/* */
c o n s t i n t n = 5; //
i n t a [ n ] [ n ] , i , j , tmp;

randomize();
for(i = 0 ; i < n; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
a =
[i][j] random(100); //
p r i n t f ("%3i", a [ i ] [ j ] ) ; //
}
printf("\");
}

for(i = 0 ; i < n; i++)

{
tmp = a [ i ] [ i ] ; ?. - t m p
a[i][i] = a[i][n-i-1];
a [ i ] [ n - i - 1 ] = tmp;
}

64


9.

9.1. ,
7 .
.

9.2. ,
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9.3. ,
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:
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char symb = 65;

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int getchar();

.
ASCII- . ,
, ( char)
, :

char ch;
ch = getchar ( ) ;

, putchar(),
stdio.h. :
putchar (ch); , ch.
putchar (6 8 ) ; ASCII- 68. ''.
 putchar(32+4) ; ASCII- 36. '$'

, getchar()
<Enter>. . getch()
getche() . :

int getch();
int getche() ;

(
<Enter>). , getcheQ
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conio.h.
, scanf():
char symb;
scanf("%c",&symb);

printf():
char symb='A';
printf("%c - %i ", symb, symb); //
.

, ,
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.
10.L , ,
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13 (
<Enter>).

int counter = 0 ; // "N"

char ch = ' ' ; /./
while (ch 1= 13)
{
ch = getche();
if(ch == 1 N 1 || ch == 1
n')
counter++;
}
printf("\n 'N' = %i \n", counter);

10.2. .
,
:

char ch;
for(ch = 'A'; ch <= 'Z'; ch++)
putchar(ch);

, char.
ASCII 0,
'\0'. ,
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char str[80];
, 79.
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68
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char str[6] = { ','','1','1',''};
:
char str[6] = "Hello";

, :
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','','1','1', '' };
:
char str[] = "Hello";
, :

STR[ 0]

/ /
1 1 0 \0

,
.
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:
char s t r [ 2 5 5 ] = "";
:
char s t r [ 2 5 5 ] = " " ;
.
10.3. ,
.
int i=0;
char symb[255];
scanf("%s",&symb);
while(i! = ' ' )
{
printf("%c",symb[i]);
i++;
}
10.4. ,
.
int i=0;
char str[255 ] ;

scanf("%s",Sstr);
while(str[i]! = ' \ 0 ' )
{
if(str[i]>='a') str[i]-=32; / / A S C I I ,
i++; // - 32
}
printf("%s",str);

-, stdio.h:
gets() - : ,
char str[120 ] ;
gets(str);
puts() - :
char str[120];
puts(str);
69

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:
int *;
: *
= &[0];
:
= ;
, 2:
printf("%i ", arr[2]);
:
printf("%i ", * (+2));
:
printf("%i ", [ 2 ] ) ;

10.5.
[ 4 ] , ,
,
, , .
int [4] = {1,2,3,4};
int *;
=;
p r i n t f ( " % i %i %i \n", a r r [ 2 ] , *(p+2), p[2]);

.
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char s[]="hello";
,
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printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%s", & s t r ) ;
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printf(" = %c \n", str[4]);
printf(" % s " , str + 1 ) ;

. "Hello".
"Hello", ''.
str, 2- ('')
('\0'). : "ello".
scanf ,
. .. - str -
, scanf("%s", &str[0]) : scanf("%s", &str).
, / - %s,
%.
10.6. , ,
,

const char password[] = "u8h5nkv888"; // -

char pass[255]; //
do
{
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("Is", &pass);
} // pass
while(strcmp(pass, password) != 0 ) ; // password,
printf(" ! \ " ) ;

strcmp(strl, str2),
. , .
while(pass != password), ,
.. , .. passs password.
, , .
string.h,
. :

1. strcpy(sl,s2) - s2 s i . s i ;

2. strucpy(sl,s2,n) - s2 s i . s i ;

3. strcat(sl,s2) - s2 si. s i ;

4. strcmp(sl,s2) - si s2;

5. strlen(sl) - s i ;

6. s3 = strstr(sl,s2) - s3 si
, s2. *
 10.7. ,
. , ,
, . *

char result[255];
1
char space = \ sl[] = "Russian", s2 = "Federation";
strcpy(result,s1);
strcat(result, s p a c e ) ;
strcat(result, s 2 ) ;
printf("%s\n", r e s u l t ) ;

73
 10.

10.1. , ,
.
:
?

, !

10.2. , ASCII 15
.
.

10.3. , ,
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10.4. ,
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:
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activeds.dll
10.6. , ,
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#include.
:
1. . ++ ,
.
2. , ,
.
3.
. ,
. ,
, Vasja(), .
Cube().
4. main()
.

/* */
__ ( )

;
};

/* */
main()
{
m a i n ;
}

,
.
- , .
main.
main(). .
 11.1. , , 10
.

#include <stdio.h> '

#include <conio.h>

void Stars() // Stars

{
int i; //
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
putchar();
printf ("\n") ;
};

void main() // -
{
clrscr();
Stars (); // Stars()
printf(", ! " ) ;
Stars ( ) ; // Stars()
}

Stars(), 10
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void - . .
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i, ,
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Stars() : ,
10 , , .
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:
int ; //

{
,
void Stars ()
, // Stars()

15
int i; //
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) // : n
putchar( 1 * ' ) ;
printf("\n");
};

void main() // -
{
clrscr();
n = 5;
Stars(); // Stars()
'printf(", ! " ) ;
n = 15;
Stars(); // Stars()
}

Stars()
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void Stars(int n ) / / Stars()

{
int i ; //
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) // : n
putchar(**');
printf("\n");
};

void main() // -
{
int z = 7; // z
clrscr();
Stars(5); / / Stars() 5
printf(", ! " ) ;
Stars(z + 3 ) ; / / Stars() 10
}

Stars() ,
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return.

11.2. , ,
, .
float Square(float ) // Square()
{
float res;
res = * ;
return res;
};

void main()
{
float a, b, ; // z
clrscr{);
a = 5.5;
b = Square(a); // a
= Square(b + 3 ) ; // b + 3
p r i n t f ( " = %.2f", ) ;
}
 Square() float.
. res
. return
Square().
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11.3. , ,
, .

float Average(int , int ) //

{
return ( + ) / 2 . 0 ;
};

void main()
{
int a, b;
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%i % i " , &a, & b ) ;
printf(" = %.lf \n", Average(a, b ) ) ;
}

.
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.
return. ,
:
int max(int a, int b)
{
if (a > b) return a;
else return b;
}

,
main(), :

int max(int a, int b ) ; // max

float Square(float x ) ; // Square()

void main() // main()

{
float a, b, c;
clrscr();
a = 5.5;
b = Square(a)?
= Square(b + 3 ) ;
printf(" = %.2f", ) ;
};

int max(int a, int b) // max()

{
if (a > b) return a;
else return b;
}
 float Square(float x) // Square()
{
float res;
res = x * x;
return res; *
};

:
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11.4. , ,
.

/* */
void OutText(char *str) // char
{
int i = 0;
while(str[i] != *\0') // : ,
{
printf ("%", str [i] ).;
sound(500); ,
delay(100);
nosound();
i++;
>
}

void main()
{
char name[20];
textcolor(14);
textbackground(0);
clrscr() ;
OutText(" ! \ n " ) ;
OutText(" OutText() \h");
scanf("%s", S n a m e ) ;
OutText(name);
OutText(" \ n " ) ;
getch();

OutText(),
char (.. ). while()
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++ stdio.h.
: (
). - , .
*.txt, *.ini, *.bat, *.log .. , ,
, .
*., *., *.pas, *.asm ..
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*.com, *.avi, *.dat, *.bmp - . *.doc
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, .
fopen. .
,
. :

FILE *ist;

FILE - , stdio.h, ist -

. fopen :

ist = (" ", " ");

, , :
"c:\\my_file.txt", "a:\\doc\\data.txt". ,
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"temp.txt".
" " - ,
:
"rt" - ;
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"at" - ;
"rt+" - ;
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(read) - , w (write) -
, a (add) - . t (text) - ,
. , t b
(binary). , ist = fopen("max.dat", "rb") - max.dat
. fopen
(, max.dat ),
NULL. fopen
. , :
if(ist = fopen("max.dat", "rb")==NULL) printf(" ! " ) ;
.
fclose.
, ,
fclose(ist);

,
( stdio.h): 9

1. putc :

putcfch, i s t ) ;

ch - ( char), ist - ,
fopen.

2. getc :

ch = getc(ist) ;

ch char, ist - ,
ch. ,
.
EOF (End Of File) -
.

3. feof :

status = feof(ist);

ist - , status - int,

.
0.

4. fputs .
puts ,
. :

FILE *ist;
i s t = fopen("my.txt", wt") ;
fputs(", !" i s t ) ;
fclose(ist);

, ist ", !".

5. fgets .
gets ,
. :

FILE *;
char str[50 ] ;
= fopen (": W s t o r y . t x t " , "rt") ;
fgets(str, p ) ;
fclose(p);

82
6. fprintf , printf,
. ,
:

FILE *;
int = 10;
= f o p e n (" : W d a t a . t x t " , " w t " ) ;
fprintf(p, " x = %i", x);
fclose(p); *

,
, printf, a:\data.txt.

7. fscanf scanf ,
- ,
, .

FILE *;
char str[100];
int , ;
= fopen("noname.cpp", " r t " ) ;
fscanf(p, "Is %i %i", &str, &x, & y ) ;
fclose(p);

( )
.

8.
, . ,
, 100 ?
?
fseek,
. :

fseek(ist, count, access);

ist - , count -
, access - .
access :

0 - ; ,
1 - ;
2 - .

:
/* 1 0 - ist */
fseek(ist, 10, 0 ) ;
ch = getc(ist);

/ * 5- */
fseek(ist, - 5 , 2 ) ;
ch = getc(ist);
 /* 10 */
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
fseek(ist, 2, 1 ) ;
fscanf(ist, "%c", & c h ) ;
printf("%c", c h ) ;
}
12.1. , ,
, .
int main() *
{
FILE *f;
char name[15]; //
int age; //
int weight; //
f = fopen("x:\\<Login_Name>\\database.txt", "wt+);
// x:
if (f == NULL)
{
printf(" ! \ n " ) ;
return 1; //
}

/* */
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%s", &name);
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%i", &age); *
printf(" : " ) ;
scanf("%f", &weight);

/* */
fprintf(f, "%s \n %i \n %f", name, age, weight);

fclose(f); //
}

12,2. , ,
.

int main()
{
FILE *f;
char name[15]; //
int age; //
float weight; //

(f == NULL)
{
printf("He ! \ n " ) ;
return 1; //
}

/* */
fscanf(f, "%s %i %\", Sname, Sage, Sweight);
 /* */
printf(" : %s \n", n a m e ) ;
printf(" : %i \n", a g e ) ;
printf(" : %f \n", weight );

fclose(f); //
return 0;
}

12.3. ,
:

/* */

FILE *f; //
char ch; //

f = fopen(":\\<Login_Name>\\my.txt", "rt");

while (feof (f) ===0) // : f,

{
ch = getc(f);
printf("%", c h ) ;
}

fclose(f);
 1 2 .

12.1. , , -
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. ,
.

12.2. , numbers.txt
5 .

12.3. , ,
numbers.txt.

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12.5. ,
phones.txt
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