Балдин Евгений - Компьютерная типография LaTeX - 2013

TEX
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LATEX
cba
2008, 2012, 2013
* e-mail: E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
LATEX --
2008 ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6. -
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC-
BY-SA 3.0). ,
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LATEX.
, 1300
LATEX 750 , , -
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, LATEX -
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LATEX -
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LATEX. , ,

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The book Computer Typesetting Using LATEX was published by the BHV-
Petersburg (Russia) publishing house in 2008 under ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6. Under
the contract with the publishing house, I have now regained exclusive rights to the
content and decided to publish it under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA 3.0). Please contact me if you require a different
type of copyright license for your purposes.
This book is a guide to using the LATEX document preparation system. It describes
the complete fundamentals of the typesetting and layout processes and covers at least
1300 LATEX commands and about 750 packages, styles, and classes that can be used
in the typesetting of any documents. It also deals with creating presentations, table
layouts, inserting graphics, bibliography and index, and many other tasks. Specific
examples demonstrate that publishing systems using LATEX can handle projects of
any scope and complexity. A major part of the book is devoted to the typesetting of
mathematical text, which is the key differentiator of LATEX compared to other word
processors.
The book was written completely and exclusively by means of LATEX tools. As the
author of both the content and the typesetting, I will greatly appreciate any comments
and useful advice on improving the quality of the electronic version of the book.

1. LATEX, 11
2. LATEX 21
3. 29
4. 45
5. 57
6. 69
7. 79
8. LATEX 97
9. 107
10. 121
11. 149
12. - 163
13. 185
14. 207
15. 221
16. 235
17. TEX Live 247

1. LATEX, 11
1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.3. TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.1.4. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.4.3. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2. LATEX 21
2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2. LATEX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3. 29
3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.1. LATEX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5
4. 45
4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.3.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.3.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5. 57
5.1. Encapsulated PostScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.2. EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.3. graphicx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.4.2. float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6. 69
6.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.3.2. calc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7. 79
7.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
7.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6
7.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.3.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.3.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
8. LATEX 97
8.1. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
8.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
8.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
8.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
8.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
8.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
8.3.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8.3.7. . . . . . . . . . . 104
8.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
8.3.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.3.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
9. 107
9.1. slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
9.2. PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
9.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
9.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
9.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
9.3. beamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
10. 121
10.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
10.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
10.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
10.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
10.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
10.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
10.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
10.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
10.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
10.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7
10.4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
10.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
10.6. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
10.6.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
10.6.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
10.6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10.6.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.6.5. WWW- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.7.1. FiXme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.7.2. lineno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.7.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
10.7.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
11. 149
11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
11.2. tabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11.3. tabular array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
11.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
11.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
11.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
11.3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
11.3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
11.3.6. tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
11.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
11.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
11.6. ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
12. - 163
12.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
12.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
12.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
12.4. BibTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
12.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
12.6. xindy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
12.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
13. 185
13.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
13.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
13.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
13.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
13.1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
8
13.1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
13.1.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
13.1.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
13.1.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
13.1.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
13.1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
13.1.11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
13.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
13.3. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
13.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
13.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
13.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
13.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
14. 207
14.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
14.2. LCD- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
14.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
14.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
14.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
14.6. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
15. 221
15.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
15.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
15.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
15.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
15.1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
15.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
15.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
15.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
15.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
15.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
16. 235
16.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
16.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
16.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
17. TEX Live 247

17.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
17.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
17.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
17.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
9
17.1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
17.1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
17.1.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
17.1.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
17.1.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
17.1.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
17.1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
17.1.11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
17.1.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
17.1.13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
17.1.14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
17.1.15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
17.1.16. WWW- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
17.1.17. PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
17.1.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
17.1.19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
17.1.20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
17.1.21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
17.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
17.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
17.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
17.2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
17.2.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
17.2.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
17.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
17.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
17.4.1. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
17.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
17.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
17.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
17.5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
17.5.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
17.5.3. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
17.5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
17.5.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
17.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
17.6.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
17.6.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
17.6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
17.6.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
17.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
17.7.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
17.7.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
10
17.7.3. LaTeX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

17.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
17.8.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
17.8.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
17.8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
17.8.4. tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
17.8.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
17.8.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
17.8.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
17.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
17.9.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
17.9.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
17.9.3. . . . . 268
17.9.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
17.10. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
17.10.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
17.10.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
17.10.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
17.10.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
17.10.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
17.10.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
17.10.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
17.10.8. . . . . . . . . . . 272
17.10.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
17.11. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
17.11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
17.11.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
17.11.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
17.11.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
17.12. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
17.12.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
17.12.2. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
17.12.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
17.12.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
17.12.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
17.12.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
17.12.7. LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
TEX Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
1
LATEX,
- ,

;
, .
.
.
, .
// . LATEX -
, -
, ,
.
1.1.
, , .
, . , -
, -
.
1.1.1.
, . -
, -
. ,
, , . . .
12 1. LATEX,
1.1.2.
, .
, , , .
, ,
, .

(Donald Ervin Knuth) -

, -
. , ,
1 . 1975
,
-
. : ,
, . . , -
, . , ,
, ,
.
, .
. , . .
, , .
, -
1977 . . . ,
.
, META-
FONT ( ) TEX (
) ( 2.7 METAFONT 3.1 TEX).
. METAFONT TEX -
.
METAFONT 2.71828, TEX 3.141592. , -
, ,
.
TEX . -
,
, . TEX -
TeX: The Program (ISBN: 0201134373). TEX
,
GPL.
1 http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/ -
.
1.1. 13
-
. , .
.
1.1.3. TEX
TEX . TEX
(box) (glue). , -
-, -,
- . , -
/ .
, -
, , -
, .
,
, , -
. ,
. -
.
. . TEX, .
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(x), ().
. TEX-
TEX-.
1.1.4. LATEX
, TEX . -
,
TEX TEX -
. , , TEX
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TEX .
, 80- XX -
LATEX TEX. LATEX
TEX, .
, . -
,
, -
. LATEX, TEX

, .
14 1. LATEX,
1.2. LATEX
LATEX . LATEX ,
, ,
.
LATEX ,
CTAN The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network.
http://www.ctan.org.
CTAN . CTAN ,
TEX , . , -
CTAN:
ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/
ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/
CTAN , , :
ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/TeX/CTAN/
ftp://ftp.nsu.ru/mirrors/ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/
CTAN , -
TEX-. ,
perl-, CPAN (The Comprehensive
Perl Archive Network). R-2 ,
CRAN (The Comprehensive R Archive Network), Python- -
PyPI (Python Package Index), - Ruby-
RubyGems Java- CJAN JSAN.
TEX-, TEX User Groups (http://www.tug.org/), -
TEX Live (http://www.tug.org/texlive/).
TEX Live , -
CD. GNU/Linux -
teTeX. TEX Live 1996 . -
2003 TEX Live CD
DVD. - -
. -
. ,
.
TEX Live . -
, -
(http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) Debian
2 R .
1.3. 15
(http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines).
, , FSF.
, ,
TEX Live 2007. -
, .
MS Windows -
MiKTEX (http://www.miktex.org/), Mac OS X
MacTEX (http://www.tug.org/mactex/).
Unix- -
TEX Live, .
1.3.
: TEX!

LATEX, Linux Format (http://www.linuxformat.
ru) 20062007 .
http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/LaTeX/.
LATEX -
- 2008 ISBN 978-5-9775-0230-6. -
, -
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
3.0 Unported (CC-BY-SA 3.0) CTAN: http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/
russian/Computer_Typesetting_Using_LaTeX.
,
Google Code GPL v.3
or later ( License): https://code.google.com/p/ctex-ru/
https://ctex-ru.googlecode.com/ ( ctex-ru).
-
:
> g i t c l o n e h t t p s : / / code . g o o g l e . com/p/ ctex ru /
-
git. ,
Pro Git http://git-scm.com/book/ru.

e-mail: E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su E.M.Baldin@gmail.com. -
, -
!
16 1. LATEX,
1.3.1.
, ,
, : babel.
, ,
, : lshort.pdf. - CTAN,
{CTAN}.
, , :
\ b e g i n { e q u a t i o n }
\ i n t \ l i m i t s _{\ i n f t y }^{\ i n f t y }
e^{x ^2/2\ sigma ^2}dx=\ s q r t {2\ p i }\ sigma
\ end { e q u a t i o n }
, . -
.
, ,
, , :
\begin{equation*}
\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty} 2
/2 2

= 2
e^{-x^2/2\sigma^2}dx=\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma

\end{equation*}
1.3.2.
,
LATEX. , -
, -
, , .
, , ,
( ) TEX Live -
247. ,
, X.
-
, , :
,
TEX Live.
1.4. 17

LATEX, , -
. -
.
, -
, .
,
.
1.4.
LATEX .
. , TEX,
. , LATEX
.
LATEX . -
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LATEX , -
.
-
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-
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CTAN (http://www.ctan.org) TUG (http://www.tug.org).
1.4.1.
. . TEX [1] TEX.
LATEX , , . TEX ,
, -
. LATEX. -
.
.
. . METAFONT [2] , TEX, -
METAFONT. -
MetaPost,
.
. . [3] . . , -
TEX METAFONT.
, TEX , -
.
18 1. LATEX,
,
.
1.4.2.
. LATEX [4] .
, .
.
. , . . LATEX
LATEX 2 [5]
LATEX. -
LATEX .
. , .
. , . . LATEX -
[6] LATEX,
MetaPost PostScript. -
, TEX
.
. : , -
PostScript MetaPost. - ,
.
. , . LATEX Web--
[7] LATEX WWW.
LATEX. , -
, . , PDF
. XML .
LATEX 2 . LATEX 2 94 -
1999 .
: http://xtalk.msk.su/tex/.
. -
. : .
.
1.4.3. LATEX
. . LATEX 3- [8]
. . . -
, ,
. , , ,
: http://www.mccme.ru/free-books/.
. . , . . LATEX - 3- [9]
. , ,
, . -
1.4. 19
, .
: http://www.tutor.nsu.ru/books/tex/.
. . LATEX [10] -
.
.
2
LATEX
-
.
.
, LATEX -
. , -
. . -

.
: , !!! -
1 helloworld.tex, -
:
%
\ documentclass { a r t i c l e }
% ,
%
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ warn ] { mathtext }
% TEX
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ T2A] { f o n t e n c }
%
% cp 1251 u t f 8
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ k o i 8r ] { i n p u t e n c }
%
\ usepackage [ english , r u s s i a n ] { babel }
1 , emacs
,.
22 2. LATEX
%
\ usepackage { i n d e n t f i r s t }
%
\ b e g i n { document }
\LARGE , ! ! !
\ end { document }
, %, . ,
\begin{document}, . -
.
.
tex-.
:
> l at ex helloworld . tex
This i s pdfeTeXk , V e r s i o n 3 . 1 4 1 5 9 2 1 . 3 0 . 3 2 . 2 (Web2C 7 . 5 . 5 )
%&l i n e p a r s i n g e n a b l e d .
e n t e r i n g extended mode
( . / helloworld . tex
LaTeX2e <2003/12/01>
...
( . / h e l l o w o r l d . aux ) [ 1 ] ( . / h e l l o w o r l d . aux ) )
Output w r i t t e n on h e l l o w o r l d . d v i ( 1 page , 240 b y t e s ) .
T r a n s c r i p t w r i t t e n on h e l l o w o r l d . l o g .
>
LATEX helloworld.dvi. :
xdvi2 dviout3 :
> xdvi h e l l o w o r l d . dvi
dvi- PostScript4 gv (
Unix) ghostview ( Windows),
PostScript- ( , ), :
> dvips helloworld . dvi
> gv h e l l o w o r l d . ps
> l p r h e l l o w o r l d . ps
2 xdvi Unix- .
.
3 dviout T X Live dvi MS Windows.
E
4 PostScript ,
Adobe Systems. PostScript (ghostscript)

.
2.1. 23
PDF5 , , xpdf , kpdf

Adobe Reader:
> dvips helloworld . dvi
> p s 2 p d f h e l l o w o r l d . ps h e l l o w o r l d . pdf
> kpdf h e l l o w o r l d . pdf
, !!!
. 2.1. , !!! LATEX
, LATEX-, , -
, , , -
///.
2.1.
, , -
LATEX .
latex ,
:
> latex
This i s pdfeTeXk , V e r s i o n 3 . 1 4 1 5 9 2 1 . 3 0 . 3 2 . 2 (Web2C 7 . 5 . 5 )
%&l i n e p a r s i n g e n a b l e d .
LATEX , .
^C (Ctrl+C).
latex,
, LATEX ,
, :
! Undefined c o n t r o l s e q u e n c e .
l . 11 \ e r r o r i n b o d y
?
5 PDF Portable Document Format. , PostScript, Adobe
Systems. .
24 2. LATEX
(?) h, ,
.
? h
The c o n t r o l s e q u e n c e a t t h e end o f t h e top l i n e o f

your e r r o r message was n e v e r \ def ed . I f you have
m i s s p e l l e d i t ( e . g . , \ hobx ) , type I and t h e
c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g ( e . g . , I \hbox ) . O t h e r w i s e j u s t
c o n t i n u e , and I l l f o r g e t about whatever was u n d e f i n e d .
? x
, x
. -
.
, (?).
: . -
.
LATEX -
, -
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LATEX, -
.
2.2. LATEX-
LATEX .
, .
LATEX-.
tex. -
, , dvi. Dvi device independent
( ) , -
,
. , dvi- ,
dvi-.
xdvi dvi- -
. . -
, -
. dvi- dvips.
dvips PostScript, -
( PostScript ),
Ghostscript. dvi-
2.2. LATEX- 25

.eps .tex
.bbl (.fmt)

.ind (.cls, .sty)

.aux LATEX (.tfm)
.idx (.fd)
.toc
.lof Log- (.log)
.lot .dvi
dvips .pk(.mf), .pfb
.ps ps2pdf .pdf
. 2.2. LATEX-
, , dvi2tty dvi , dvilj -

dvi PCL HP, dvipdf dvi pdf.
dvi- / dvi- -
.
Ghostscript (gs) -
PostScript- (ps) . PDF
PostScript ps2pdf .
LATEX, , eps-. EPS, Encap-
sulated PostScript, ,
PostScript . -
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(BoundingBox). eps-
, , !!!:
%! PSAdobe2 . 0 EPSF2 . 0
%%C r e a t o r : d v i p s ( k ) 5 . 95b Copyright 2005 R a d i c a l Eye S o f t w a r e
%%T i t l e : h e l l o w o r l d . d v i
%%BoundingBox : 148 651 288 668
%%DocumentFonts : SFRM1728
26 2. LATEX
, :
I. .
fmt . , , LATEX
. -
.
TEX :
> texconfig init
cls, sty . (cls) -

\documentclass. -

(sty), -
\usepackage.
tfm .
.
fd , LATEX.
pfb Type1-.
pk (mf) pk- -
mf- (METAFONT) .
II. , LATEX-.
latex.
,
,
.
log . , -
.
.
aux .
toc (table of contents).
lof (list of figures).
lot (list of tables).
bbl , BibTEX.
TEX, -
-
.
ind , MakeIndex
xindy.
. idx-. -
.
2.2. LATEX- 27
LATEX-. latex
pdflatex, pdf-,
png6 pdf.
, .
6 PNG (Portable Network Graphics) -
, .
3

,
!
.
, -
. .
3.1.
LATEX .
, , -
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. -
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. . LATEX -
.
: \, $, %, _, {, }, &, #, .
. :
: <<\t e x t b a c k s l a s h >>, <<\$>>, <<\%>>, <<\_>>1 , <<\{>>,
<<\}>>, <<\&>>, <<\#>>, <<\^{}>> <<\~{}>>.
. :
1 underscore -
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30 3.
.
: { }. .
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. LATEX \ (backslash
) , -
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\command{}. , LATEX ( \LaTeX) -
, \LaTeX{}.
. LATEX :
\command [ param 1 ] [ param 2 ] { param 3}{ param 4}
(param1 param2),
(param3 param4).
LATEX . , -
\textbf{} .
LATEX , -

-
. : \chapter,
\section, \subsection .
LATEX
.
. -
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\protect. , :
\ s u b s e c t i o n { \ p r o t e c t \ f o o t n o t e { }}
. LATEX -
.

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:
%
\bfseries
%
\ t h i s p a g e s t y l e {empty}
3.2. 31
. , -
\begin{} \end{}, .
:
\ begin { center }

\ end { c e n t e r }
, ,
.
3.2.
. -
-
, .
3.2.1. LATEX-
tex- : , ,
. :
%
% , , a r t i c l e book
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt , o n e s i d e ] { s c r a r t c l }
%
%
\ usepackage { misccorr }
%
\ u s e p a c k a g e {. . . }
...
%
\newcommand{\mycommand}{. . . }
\renewcommand{\ oldcommand }{. . . }
...
%
...
%
%
\ end { document }
32 3.
\documentclass
. \usepackage
.
,
inputenc , , koi8-r2 , cp8663 ,
cp12514 utf85 (Unicode).
babel, ,
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, (\No),
(\S) .
,
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. misccorr
babel.
. , , -
LATEX .
TEX Live -
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language.dat
(fmt-).
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MiKTeX Options6 , GNU/Linux -
texconfig7 . -
HYPHENATION, latex. -
8 language.dat. :
2 koi8-r 8- UNIX- -
. RFC 1489.
3 cp866 8- , -
DOS OS/2.
4 cp1251 Windows-1251 8-
Microsoft Windows.
5 UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format) ,
.
6 Languages.
General Update Now .

7 texconfig dialog- . -
.
texconfig .
, , :
texconfig init.
8 $EDITOR.
, vi. vi, -
:q
vi.
3.2. 33
e n g l i s h hyphen . t e x
r u s s i a n ruhyphen . t e x
. -
babel. , ,
. -
, -
:
r u s e n g ruenhyph . t e x
=r u s s i a n
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, LATEX
.
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3.2.2.
\documentclass[]{} -
, .
, -
. , ,
article. -
.
report, book.
, -
.
, - -
.
. , -
revtex4. -
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CTAN TEX Live. , -
LATEX-, -
KOMA-Script: scrartcl, scrreprt scrbook article, report
book .
. ,
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( )
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34 3.
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a4paper ( ,
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).
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TEX Live.
3.2.3.
(sty) -
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sty-. , -
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Computer Modern. -
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METAFONT- Type1.
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pdf- .
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: koi8-r, cp866, cp1251 utf8.
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T2A-9 .
t2filter. .
9 cp1251,
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3.3. 35
:
> locate t 2 f i l t e r . c
{TEXMF}/ texmfd i s t / doc / g e n e r i c / t 2 / e t c / t 2 f i l t e r . c
> cd {TEXMF}/ texmfd i s t / doc / g e n e r i c / t 2 / e t c /
> g c c Wall O2 s o ~/ b i n / t 2 f i l t e r t 2 f i l t e r . c
> l a t e x { } . t e x | t 2 f i l t e r
3.2.4.
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- , ,
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3.3.
.
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3.3.1.
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36 3.
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\ par

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3.3. 37

\tiny
\scriptsize
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3.1.
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3.3.2.
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38 3.
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6.3. . . . 73
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6.3. . . . 75

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SECTION A

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MAIN INDEX
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EDITORS
WEATHER FORECAST Ignacio Llopis
lloptor@gmail.com
report -
TODAY TOMORROW FRIDAY
13 k 9 C 15 k 11 C 12 k 6 C http://nachollopis.com
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8.3. 105

-
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- johndoe
europecv. Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex,
and more violent. It takes a touch of genius and a lot of
courage to move in the opposite direction.
vita - Education
. - 20032006 Master of Design, Valparezzo School of Design.
1st year: 79% 2nd year: 84% 3rd year: (graduation expected in June 2006)
, 20012003 Bachelor of Design, Being Drawing University.

1st year: 63% 2nd year: 76%
Master thesis
title On the design of modern curriculum vits
IT- -
supervisors Pr P. Picasso and Pr G. Klimt
description Study of the complex design of a curriculum vit, also known as rsum. In my opinion,
a good design needs to be show the personality of its author. Some people will thus prefer a
.
more classic style, and others will be more audacious. . .
Experience
curve, , February 2006

current
Maintainer of the a CTAN package, CTAN, World.
Maintainer of the moderncv package, meant to ease the production of beautiful curriculum
vits.
. - 20052006 Mathematics tutor, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve.

Supervision of practical sessions for a mathematical course given to second year engineering
students (course FSAB1104: Numerical Methods). See www.legat-online.be/b2q1/num.
curve 20042006 Cultural project leader, Tchouque-Tschouk Kot, Louvain-la-Neuve.

Leader of a student home with a cultural project, requiring day to day management as well
as the organization of public events. See www.organe.be.
-
19992001 IMO preselected, SBPMef, Wpion.
Advanced mathematical training, as Belgian preselected candidate for the International Math-
ematical Olympiads, selected by the Belgian mathematical society. See
-
imo.math.ca/belgium.html.
Languages
. French
Dutch
Native
Near-native Primary education degree obtained in a Dutch college
(Sint-Jozefscollege te Sint-Pieters-Woluwe).
morderncv - English Very good Many journeys in English speaking countries, including the United
States,
the United Kingdom and Kenya.

-
12 somestreet, 3456 somecity T +12 (3)456 78 90 B jdoe@design.org www.ctan.org
,
. . 8.4. moderncv
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disser. TEX Live,
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106 8. LATEX
8.3.10.
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This is the short excerpt from the Brahma Story, taken from the Documentation of the cTibTEX package:
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112 9.
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118 9.

beamer .
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122 10.
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man, naustrian), (lowersorbian), (norsk), (nynorsk),
(polish), (portuges, portuguese, brazilian), (rus-
sian), (romanian), (samin), (serbian), -
(slovak), (slovene), (turkish), (ukrain-
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acadian), (croatian), (czech), (swedish), -
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124 10.
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10.2. 125
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126 10.
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-
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10.4. 129
10.4.2.
TEX . ,
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39
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,
.
: l , r , c , s -
. -
\width (
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. 252.
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130 10.
minipage
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{ :}\quad -
\begin{minipage}{0.62\textwidth} . -

. 4
:
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float . 64.
10.4.3.
-
. LATEX quote
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- -
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.
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10.4. 131
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10.4.4.
3.3.1 . 37. -
:
enumerate ,
itemize ,
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\item . 2) .
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enumerate itemize:
1) enumerate
)

A.
2) enumerate
itemize

132 10.
enumerate \item -,
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.
enumii, enumiii, enumiv .
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eqlist
description ,
. ,
eqlist, :
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. ,
, \longitem.
eqlist.pdf.
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{ \hfill---}[description] enumerate ,
\item[enumerate] ,
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\end{desclist}
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desclist.pdf.
10.5. 133
paralist
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\begin{inparaenum}
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inparaitem. paralist.dtx.
10.5.
? : ,
, . . . . . .
-
\section, \subsection, \subsubsection, \paragraph \subparagraph.
.
, -
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\tableofcontents. -
, tex-, toc.

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- -
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-
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\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ 1 0 pt ] { s c r a r t c l }
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134 10.
1.1.
.
1.1.1. - ,
. -
. . .
1 2013 . .
,
1. 1
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1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2

, , 1.1 1
A. 2
, .
1. A.
.
1 2
. 10.4.
\ t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s {}
\ s e c t i o n { }
\ label { sec : section }
.
\ label { sec : subsection }
.
\ s u b s u b s e c t i o n [ ] { , }
\ label { sec : subsubsection }
.
.
\paragraph {}
\ l a b e l { s e c : paragraph }
.
\subparagraph {}
\ l a b e l { s e c : subparagraph }
.
\ s e c t i o n { , }
. .
10.5. 135
\ s e c t i o n { }
\ label { sec : afterwords }
\ a d d c o n t e n t s l i n e { t o c }{ s e c t i o n }{ }
, , ~\ r e f { s e c : s u b s e c t i o n }
~\ p a g e r e f { s e c : s u b s e c t i o n } ,
~ .
\appendix
\ s e c t i o n {}
\ l a b e l { appendix }
\end { document }
\section ,
\subsection . -
. -
tocdepth, , :
\ s e t c o u n t e r { t o c d e p t h }{2}
-
.
\listoffigures
\listoftables.
lof lot.
- -

\ a d d c o n t e n t s l i n e { t o c }{ }{ }
.
(toc, lof lot), . -
, section, subsection
. LATEX
\protect, .
\appendix .
. \appendix
.
( book , , scrbook) -
\chapter \part .

136 10.
: \frontmatter ( -
), \mainmatter (
) \backmatter.
.
( titlepage) :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt ] { s c r b o o k }
...
%
\ makeindex
%
\frontmatter
\begin { t i t l e p a g e }

\end { t i t l e p a g e }
\ t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s {}
%
\mainmatter
\ c h a p t e r { 1}
\ l a b e l { cha : c h a p t e r 1}
\ c h a p t e r { 2}
\ l a b e l { cha : c h a p t e r 2}
%
\backmatter
%
\ b i b l i o g r a p h y s t y l e { g o s t 780u}
\ bibliography { b i b f i l e }
%
\ printindex
\end { document }
10.6. , 137
10.6. ,

- . , -
,
,
.
10.6.1.
. 133, ,
-
\label. ASCII--
.
aux. ,
( \ref) (\pageref), -
latex .
, -
xr.
:
\ u s e p a c k a g e { xr }
\ e x t e r n a l d o c u m e n t [EXT]{ e x t e r n a l d o c }
externaldoc.tex.
, , \ref/\pageref,
EXT-. ,
,
- .
. -
, equation ( ) theorem (-
), . ( figure)
( tabular). \label
\caption, .
. ,
amsmath \eqref. -
\ref
\eqref:
\begin{equation}

\label{eq:1} 2 4
x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} 1,2 = (10.1)
2
\end{equation}
~\ref{eq:1}\par 10.1
~\eqref{eq:1} (10.1)
138 10.
, ex
. .
, prettyref . -

.
%
\newrefformat{eq}{ \No~\ref{#1}} : 10.1
: \prettyref{eq:1}
\prettyref
(:), .
-
. showkeys.
,
.
10.6.2.
\footnote.
.
. , , -
, .
.
minipage, -
:
\begin{minipage}{1.0\linewidth} a z .
\footnote{.}
a .
\footnote[26]{ .}. z
\end{minipage} .
\footnote -
.
, -
\footnote \protect, -
:
\ s e c t i o n { \ p r o t e c t \ f o o t n o t e { . } }
, , -
,
:
\ f o o t n o t e m a r k [ num ]
\ f o o t n o t e t e x t [ num ] { }
10.6. , 139
num, \footnote,
. -
footnote.
nccfoots
nccfoots ncctools
:
\begin{minipage}{1.0\linewidth} .
\Footnote{$\alpha$}{.}
.
\Footnotemark{$\beta$}.
-
\Footnotetext{$\beta$}{ .}
\end{minipage} .
,
.
footmisc
footmisc ( footmisc.pdf)
. :
perpage
;
para
. -
, ;
side ;
symbol* ;
norule* .
savefnmark
savefnmark .
:
\saveFN ,
;
\useFN .
a
\footnote{}\saveFN\oldfoot\par a
\useFN\oldfoot
a
140 10.
-
.
10.6.3.
, , -
.
.
endnotes
-
endnotes ltxmisc.
: \endnote,
\endnotemark \endnotetext.
\addtoendnotes{}. -
:
\renewcommand{\ notesname }{ }
\ theendnotes
endnotes
endnotes.sty.
pagenote
endnotes pagenote.
%
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ page ] { p a g e n o t e }
\ makepagenote
...
%
\ p a g e n o t e {}
...
\renewcommand{\ notesname }{ }
\ printnotes
page -
, . -
continuous.
.
\printnotes
. \printnotes*
, , . \printnotes*
10.6. , 141
-
.
10.6.4.
, , article, -
.
\marginpar{}. -
, , ,
. , -
, , \reversemarginpar,
\normalmarginpar.
marginnote
\marginpar ,
, ,
. marginnote
, :
\ marginnote [ ] { } [ ]
\marginpar, -
-
. ,
. marginnote.pdf.
-
, . -
LATEX mparhack
.
changebar
. changebar -
.
\cbstart \cbend, .
dvips, pdflatex. -
. changebar.pdf.
10.6.5. WWW-
, , .
\url .
142 10.
url
url www-,
.
WWW- :
WWW- :
\url{http://www.inp.nsk.su/
http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/.
~baldin/}.
%, #, , -
\. ,
\verb : \url!http://www..ru!.
hyperref
hyperref .

. :
% h y p e r r e f
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ u n i c o d e=t r u e ] { h y p e r r e f }
. ,
. .
pdf-, -
dvi-, ,
xdvi. unicode=true , -
.
hyperref
manual.pdf.
, -
: http://www-sbras.nsc.ru/win/docs/TeX/LaTex2e/docs_koi.html.
hyperref LATEX.
breakurl
pdflatex hyperref www- -
,
latexdvipsps2pdf , .
breakurl.
breakurl hyperref . -
\burl, \url.
WWW-: WWW-: http://www.

\burl{http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/}. inp.nsk.su/~baldin/.
10.7. 143
, preserveurlmacro, \url
\burl. breakurl.pdf.
10.7.
. ,
.
10.7.1. FiXme
. -
, . .
, -
, .
FiXme :
\fxnote ;
\fxwarning ;
\fxerror ;
\fixme .
.
draft , , :
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ a 4 paper , 1 2 pt , d r a f t ] { s c r b o o k }
, , -
. draft final
. \listoffixmes
.
\fixme -
,
.
fixme. -
-
: inline , margin ( -
), footnote
index . fixme.pdf.
10.7.2. lineno 1
lineno . 2
. 3
- 4
linenumbers. 5
144 10.
1 \linenumbers/\nolinenumbers, , , -
2 .
3 . -
4 ,
5 , \setpagewiselinenumbers.
6 , -
7 \switchlinenumbers, * ()
8 .
9 : \linelabel{ex:lineno}. -
10 \ref 9. -
11 hyperref (
12 ).
13 lineno.pdf.
10.7.3.
,
LATEX, Linux . ,
..
- ,
-
LATEX draftwatermark.

. -

, -

draftcopy.
-

DRAFT. dvips,
pdflatex.

.

e-mail: E.M.Baldin@inp.nsk.su
TEX METAFONT, , .. .
. 10.5 ,
.
. 10.5. draftwatermark ,
:
%
\ usepackage { draftwatermark }
%
\ SetWatermarkScale { 2 . 3 }
%
\ SetWatermarkLightness { 0 . 3 }
%
\ SetWatermarkText {\ t e x t b f { }}
10.7. 145
draftwatermark firstpage, -
.
0, 1. -
\SetWatermarkFontSize.
\SetWatermarkAngle{}.
watermark ncctools -
, .
bophook, eso-pic wallpaper.
10.7.4.
. ,
.
, -
?
\input{ } tex-
. LATEX ,
, \endinput. -
, \input. -
.
tex.
, , -
\include. \includeonly
, .
, -
. -
, \include -
\clearpage, , -
.
\include:
%
\ input { preheader }
%
\ includeonly {
% intro ,
base ,
% presentation
}
\ i n c l u d e { i n t r o } %
\ i n c l u d e { b a s e } %
\ i n c l u d e { p r e s e n t a t i o n } %
146 10.
\ end { document }
\include tex- (
tex ). -
, .
base.tex.
\listfiles ,
. -
.
excludeonly
\includeonly excludeonly -
, -
. , .
, , base.tex, -
\includeonly \excludeonly:
\ i n c l u d e o n l y { i n t r o , base , p r e s e n t a t i o n }
\ excludeonly { intro , presentation }
askinclude
-
askinclude.

\include. , , -
.
optional
optional ltxmisc
\opt, :
% v a r i a n t . t e x
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ answer 1 ] { o p t i o n a l }
" .
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\ opt { v a r i a n t 2 , answer 2}{\ i n p u t { v a r i a n t 2}}
\ opt {}{ }
10.7. 147
\ opt { answer 1}{\ i n p u t { answer 1}}

\ opt { answer 2}{\ i n p u t { answer 2}}
\AskOption, -
.
:
\newcommand{\ E x p l a i n O p t i o n s }{ v a r i a n t 1 , v a r i a n t 2 problems ;
answer 1 , answer 2 s o l u t i o n s }
\ AskOption
, :
...
v a r i a n t 1 , v a r i a n t 2 problems ; answer1 , answer2 s o l u t i o n s

S p e c i f y which o p t i o n a l t e x t t o p r o c e s s :
\ UseOption=
:
> l a t e x " \newcommand\ UseOption { answer1 }\ i n p u t { v a r i a n t } "
- -
Makefile.
optional.sty.
11

, , ,
: . . . .
. .
,

. -

.
.
. , -
. -
. -
. , ,
.
11.1.
, LATEX-
. , -
, . -
,
, .
, , ,
.
150 11.
() -
, ,
. :
( ), 1 (-
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( ) ( -
).
11.1.
,
.
, , ,
.

. . -
. -
.
, ,
. 0.1, .1.
. . . , ..
,
.
, , -
. .
11.2. tabbing
, ,
tabbing.
1 - . . [11] ,
, , .
11.3. tabular array 151
\begin{tabbing}
MMMMM \= MMMMM \= \kill

\textbf{\ } \> \> \\

\> \> \\

\> \>
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\=. \kill, , -
, . ,
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tabbing
. , , -
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LATEX .
, . -
tabbing
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LATEX tabbing .
(\) (\ \). -
/ -
\pushtabs/\poptabs.
11.3. tabular array

LATEX
tabular. array tabular,
-
, .
\centering
\begin{tabular}[c]{l|ll}
\textbf{\ } & & \\[2mm]\hline
& & \\
& &
\end{tabular}
-
& .
\\.
152 11.
. -
-
.
tabular .
table:
\ b e g i n { t a b l e } [ ht ]
\ c e n t e r i n g%
\ b e g i n { t a b u l a r } [ ] { }

\ end { t a b u l a r }
\ c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ end { t a b l e }
-
. tabular -
,
:
t , -
, ;
c ;
b .
,
.
:
l (left) ;
c (center) ;
r (right) ;
p{} . -

.
, -
:
{n}{ }
n . .
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{c|}}

\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& & \\
& &
\end{tabular}

|. || . -
\hline.
.
@{} , -
. -
, .
, -
, ,
.
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c||p{2cm}@{$\pm$\ }r|}
\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
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\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3}
& & \\ \cline{2-2}
\end{tabular}
,
\ cline { }.
array tools
, tabular, :
m{} , p{},
;
b{} , m{},
.
, -
array, array.pdf.
tabular .
, :
\centering
\begin{tabular}{r}\hline\hline a .
\footnote{ }.\\ a
\hline\hline -

\end{tabular}
, ,
, , Publication quality tables in LATEX (booktabs.pdf),
(Simon Fear) booktabs.
, .
154 11.
1.
1.

. 11.1. \caption . 11.2.
\topcaption topcapt
11.3.1.
-
(. 5.4.4). ,
, .
, , , -
.

topcapt, \topcaption,
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\ b e g i n { t a b l e } [ ht ]
\ t o p c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ begin { tabular }
...
\ end { t a b l e }
topcapt , -
\caption
. 11.1 11.2 -
. , -
:
\ begin { table }
\ s e t l e n g t h {\ a b o v e c a p t i o n s k i p }{0 pt }
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\ c a p t i o n {}\ l a b e l { tab : metka }
\ begin { tabular }
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\ end { t a b l e }
11.3.2.
(), -
, . :
;
.
, -
, . -
.
hhline tools \hhline, -
, .
hhline.pdf . arydshln
. -
arydshln-man.pdf .
cellspace
-
:
\begin{tabular}{c}\hline
$\displaystyle
1 1 1
e = 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\cdots =1+ + + + +
2 6 !
+ \frac{1}{k!} + \cdots $ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
cellspace. -
, ,
:
\begin{tabular}{Sc}\hline
$\displaystyle
1 1 1
e = 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\cdots =1+ + + + +
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\end{tabular}
l, c r Sl, Sc Sr -
. S, -
, S{p{3cm}}.
11.3.3.
-
\multicolumn{n}{ }{}, -
: \multirow{n}{}{} .
156 11.
\multicolumn:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{c|}}

\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} \\
& &
\end{tabular}
,
, .
\multirow multirow:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{p{1cm}|}}

\textbf{} & & \\[2mm]
\hline\hline
& \multirow{2}{1cm}{} & \\

& &
\end{tabular}
README .
:
\ multirow { }{}{}
\ multirow { }{}
, -
, ,
. .
. ,
colortbl:
\centering %
\begin{tabular}{c>{\columncolor{yellow}}cc} PP
\backslashbox{}{} & & \\ PP
PP
\rowcolor{yellow} P

& & \\

& \multirow{-2}*{} &
\end{tabular}
colortbl .
colortbl.pdf .
\backslashbox{}{}, -
, slashbox ( CTAN
).
. slashbox.tex.
lh -
makecell.
\makecell, -
, -
. .
. -
(makecell.pdf)
(makecell-rus.tex).
11.3.4.
. ,

.
dcolumn tools -
:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|D{.}{,}{5}|}
0.3141 0.3141 0,3141
0.3141 & 0.3141 & 0.3141 \\
3.141 3.141 3,141
3.141 & 3.141 & 3.141 \\
31.415 31.415 31,41
31.415 & 31.415 & 31.41 \\
\end{tabular}
: D{delim}{output}{nfruc}, delim -
, ( -
), output , delim (-
, ), nfrac
(
). dcolumn.pdf.
numprint ( numprint.pdf)
. \numprint -
:
\numprint[\text{}/\text{}]{299792458}\par 299 792 458 /

\numprint{2.718281828459045}\par 2,718 281 828 459 045
\numprint{6e23}\par 6 1023
\numprint{+-0.02} 0,02
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-
. numprint n -
. ,
, .
158 11.
n- numprint:
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|n{3}{4}|n{2}{3}|n{1}{2}|}
0,314 1 0,314 1 0,314 1
0.3141 & 0.3141 & 0.3141 \\
3,141 3,141 3,141
3.141 & 3.141 & 3.141 \\
31,41 31,41 31,41
31.41 & 31.41 & 31.41 \\
314,1 314,1 314,1
314.1 & 314.1 & 314.1 \\
\end{tabular}
rccol , dcolumn, -
. ,
, . rccol,
rccol.pdf, .
, .
warpcol -
. warpcol.pdf
, .
11.3.5.
CSV ( . Comma Separated Values , )
, .
csvtools.
csvtools.pdf , -
, -
tex-.
11.3.6. tabular
tabularx tools tabular -
, X.
0,3141 0.3141
\centering -
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|D{.}{,}{4}|X|c|}
0.3141 & & 0.3141 \\
3.141\footnote{ tabularx 3,141a 3.141 3.141
}
& 3.141 & 3.141 a tabularx
\end{tabularx} -

tabularx .
X p{}, -
,
11.4. 159
. , -
X,
. , ,
(tabularx.pdf).
tabulary tabular, array.
-
.
tabulary.pdf. -
.
ctable . -
\ctable, -
tabular table. -
\ctable -
.
ctable.pdf.
11.4.
tabular ,
.

: supertabular longtable, .
,
.
, , -
, . -
: supertabular.pdf supertabular longtable.pdf longtable
tools.
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11.5. 161
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12.2. 167
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12.4. BibTEX 173
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12.7. 181
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13.1. 187
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188 13.
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13.1. 191
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13.1.8.

\approx \asymp \bowtie
.
= \cong \dashv = \doteq
\equiv \frown \preceq
| \mid |= \models \parallel
\perp \prec \propto
\sim \simeq \smile
\succ \succeq \vdash

\geq \gg \leq
\ll = \neq

\sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq \subset
\supset \supseteq \subseteq

= \ne < \not< > \not>
\not\approx \not\asymp
= \not\cong
\not\equiv \not\ge \not\le
= \not\ne \not\preceq \not\perp
\not\prec \not\propto \not\sim
\not\simeq \not\sqsubseteq \not\sqsupseteq
\not\succ \not\succeq \not\subset
\not\supset \not\supseteq \not\subseteq

/ \notin
(amssymb)
u \approxeq \backepsilon v \backsim
w \backsimeq \because G \between
m \Bumpeq l \bumpeq $ \circeq
2 \curlyeqprec 3 \curlyeqsucc + \doteqdot
P \eqcirc ; \fallingdotseq ( \multimap
t \pitchfork w \precapprox 4 \preccurlyeq
192 13.
- \precsim : \risingdotseq p \shortmid

q \shortparallel a \smallfrown ` \smallsmile
v \succapprox < \succcurlyeq % \succsim
\therefore \thickapprox \thicksim
\varpropto \Vdash \vDash
\Vvdash
(amssymb)
1 \eqslantgtr 0 \eqslantless = \geqq
> \geqslant \ggg \gnapprox
\gneq \gneqq \gnsim
' \gtrapprox m \gtrdot R \gtreqless
T \gtreqqless \gtrless & \gtrsim
\gvertneqq 5 \leqq 6 \leqslant
/ \lessapprox l \lessdot Q \lesseqgtr
S \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr . \lesssim
\lll \lnapprox \lneq
\lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq
\ngeq \ngeqq \ngeqslant
\ngtr \nleq \nleqq

\nleqslant \nless
(amssymb)
* \nsubseteq + \nsupseteq # \nsupseteqq
< \sqsubset = \sqsupset b \Subset
j \subseteqq ( \subsetneq $ \subsetneqq
c \Supset k \supseteqq ) \supsetneq
% \supsetneqq \varsubsetneq & \varsubsetneqq
! \varsupsetneq ' \varsupsetneqq
(amssymb)
\ncong - \nmid \nparallel
\nprec \npreceq . \nshortmid
/ \nshortparallel \nsim \nsucc
\nsucceq 2 \nvDash 0 \nvdash
3 \nVDash \precnapprox \precnsim
\succnapprox \succnsim
(amssymb)
J \blacktriangleleft I \blacktriangleright
6 \ntriangleleft 5 \ntrianglelefteq
7 \ntriangleright 4 \ntrianglerighteq
13.1. 193
E \trianglelefteq , \triangleq
D \trianglerighteq C \vartriangleleft
B \vartriangleright
(wasysym)
? \apprge > \apprle \invneg
1 \Join ; \leadsto \logof
< \sqsubset = \sqsupset \wasypropto
13.1.9.

\Downarrow \downarrow
\hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow
; \leadsto \leftarrow
\Leftarrow \leftharpoondown
\leftharpoonup \Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrow \longleftarrow
= \Longleftarrow \longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow \longmapsto
= \Longrightarrow \longrightarrow
\mapsto \nearrow
\nwarrow \Rightarrow
\rightarrow \rightharpoondown
\rightharpoonup
\rightleftharpoons
\searrow \swarrow
\uparrow \Uparrow
\updownarrow \Updownarrow
(amssymb)
\circlearrowleft \circlearrowright
x \curvearrowleft y \curvearrowright
L99 \dashleftarrow 99K \dashrightarrow
\downdownarrows \downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright \leftarrowtail
\leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows
\leftrightharpoons ! \leftrightsquigarrow
W \Lleftarrow " \looparrowleft
# \looparrowright \Lsh
\rightarrowtail \rightleftarrows

\rightleftharpoons \rightrightarrows
\rightsquigarrow \Rsh
194 13.
\twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\upharpoonleft \upharpoonright
\upuparrows
(amssymb)
: \nLeftarrow 8 \nleftarrow
< \nLeftrightarrow = \nleftrightarrow
; \nRightarrow 9 \nrightarrow
- (amssymb)

\overleftrightarrow{abc}
\underleftarrow{abc}

\underrightarrow{abc}
\underleftrightarrow{abc}
(amssymb)

\xleftarrow{abc} \xrightarrow{abc}
13.1.10.
4.3.9 . 54 -
. -
LATEX -.

( ) [
( ( ) ) [ [
] { }
] ] { \{ } \}

| | \backslash \downarrow

\Downarrow \langle \lceil

\lfloor \rangle \rceil

\rfloor \uparrow \Uparrow

\updownarrow \Updownarrow
(amssymb)

| \lvert \lVert | \rvert

\rVert x \llcorner y \lrcorner
p \ulcorner q \urcorner
13.2. 195
13.1.11.

T\ S[
\bigcap \bigcup
JK LM
\bigodot \bigoplus
NO FG
\bigotimes \bigsqcup
U] W_
\biguplus \bigvee
V^ à
\bigwedge \coprod
Z I
R H
\int \oint
QY P X
\prod \sum
(amsmath)
ZZ ZZZ
RR RRR
\iint \iiint
ZZZZ Z Z
RRRR R R
\iiiint \idotsint
13.2.
, ,
4.3.7 . 52, -
. 13.1.11 ,
.
commath
commath ( commath.pdf.) -
, .
\[\begin{split}
&\dif{x}\quad \Dif{X}\\ dx DX
&\od{f}{x}\quad \od[2]{f}{x}\\ df d2 f
dx dx2
&\pd{f}{x}\quad \pd[2]{f}{x}\quad
f 2f 5f
\md{f}{5}{x}{2}{y}{3}\\ x x2 x2 y 3
&\eval[0]{f(x)}_{x=0}\quad

\eval[2]{f(x)}_{x=0}\quad
f (x)|x=0 f (x) f (x)
\eval{f(x)}_{x=0}\\ x=0
x=0
&\fullfunction{f} f : R R
{\mathbb R}{\mathbb R}{x}{\sqrt{x}}
x 7 x
\end{split}\]
196 13.
esdiff
\frac{\partial^3 f}{\partial x\,\ partial y^2}? -
, , , esdiff :
\[\begin{split}
&\diff{f}{x}\quad\diff[n]{f}{x}\quad df dn f df dn f
\diff*{f}{x}{x_0}\quad\diff*[n]{f}{x}{x_0}\\ dx dxn dx x0 dxn x0
&\diffp{f}{x}\quad\diffp[3]{f}{x}\quad
f 3f 5f P
\diffp{f}{{x^3}{y^2}}\quad\diffp*{P}{V}{T} x x3 x3 y 2 V T
\end{split}\]
esdiff.dtx.
esdiff -
:
text \textstyle
. \displaystyle;
italic d (). -
roman;
thin, med big d -
.
;
thinp, medp bigp , , ;
thinc, medc bigc
\ diffp {f}{{x}{y}}. .
esdiff thinc:
\ usepackage [ thinc ] { e s d i f f }

-
.
.
wasysym, -
integrals. -
euler,
Concrete ( concrete,
10.3 . 126).
\[% Z ZZ ZZZ I
\int\quad\iint\quad\iiint\quad\oint dx dx
\]
13.3. , 197
\[%\usepackage[integrals]{wasysym} w x y z
\]
Z ZZ ZZZ I
\[%\usepackage{concrete}
\]
13.3. ,

array (. 11.3 . 151).
\[\left(\begin{array}{@{}ccc@{}}
a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\
11 12 13 1 1
a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\\ 21 22 23 2 = 2
a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33} \end{array}\right)
31 32 33 3 3
\begin{pmatrix}x_1\\x_2\\x_3\end{pmatrix}=
\begin{pmatrix}b_1\\b_2\\b_3\end{pmatrix}\]
array @{} -
. -
array matrix
. , -
.
\begin{gather*}
\begin{matrix}1&2\\3&4\end{matrix}\quad ( ) [ ]
1 2 5 6 9
\begin{pmatrix}5&6\\7&8\end{pmatrix}\quad 3 4 7 8
\begin{bmatrix}9&A\\B&C\end{bmatrix}\\
11 12
\begin{vmatrix}D&E\\F&10\end{vmatrix}\quad
10 13 14
\begin{Vmatrix}11&12\\13&14\end{Vmatrix}
\end{gather*}
, ,
\hdotsfor[ ]{ }:
\[\left(\begin{array}{@{}llll@{}}

a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots &a_{1n}\\ a11 a12 . . . a1n
a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots &a_{2n}\\ a21 a22 . . . a2n

\hdotsfor[2.5]{4}\\ . . . . . . . . . . . .
a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots &a_{nn} an1 an2 . . . ann
\end{array}\right)\]
198 13.
tensor
-
tensor:
\[\begin{split}
&M\indices{â_b^{cd}_e}\quad
\tensor[â_b^c_d]{M}{â_b^c_d}\\
M ab cde a c a c
b dM b d
&\tensor*[^*_*]{\prod\nolimits}{^*_*}\quad Y i1 i2 i3 i4
\tensor*{M}{*^{i_1}_{m_1}^{i_2}_{m_2} Mm 1 m2 m3 m4

^{i_3}_{m_3}^{i_4}_{m_4}}\\ 14 14
&\tensor*[^{14}_6]{\mathrm{C}}{}\quad 6 C 6C
\nuclide[14][6]{C}
\end{split}\]
\indeces,
\tensor, -
. ,
* , .
-
. \nulide.
tensor.pdf.
amscd
-
array, CD, amscd1 , -
.
F (f )
\[\begin{CD} F (X)
F (Y )
F(X) @>{F(f)}>> F(Y) \\

X y

@V{\eta_X}VV @VV{\eta_Y}V \\ y Y
G(X) @<<{G(f)}< G(Y) \\ G(X) G(Y )
\end{CD}\] G(f )
@>>>, @<<<, @VVV, @AAA , ,

. -
.
, -
, , .
, : -
,
.
1 amscd -T X, amsmath -
E
.
13.4. 199
amscd ,
-
, , xypic.

amsmath \binom,
:

( )

\[(x+y)^n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}x^ky^{n-k}\] ( + ) =

=0
13.4.
LATEX ,
. , ,
-
(\ partial x\,\ partial y).
.

A B $AB$
A B $A B$
A B $A\, B$ A B $A\! B$
A B $A\: B$ A B $A\negmedspace B$
A B $A\; B$ A B $A\negthickspace B$
A B $A\ B$
A B $A\quad B$
A B $A\qquad B$
A B $A\hspace{5mm}B$ A
B $A\hspace{5mm}B$
A B $A\hphantom{xyz}B$
A B $AxyzB$
A B
\fbox.
200 13.
\hphantom.
, , -
. \hphantom
\vphantom \phantom.
\phantom{} ,
, \vhantom ,
.
13.5.
4, , .

, .

, amsmath. -
, -
. \allowdisplaybreaks ,
LATEX -
. -
\displaybreak,
\\.
,
equation equation*:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ex1}
\fbox{\text{ }} (13.1)
\end{equation}
\begin{equation*}%
\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{equation*}
-
align/align*:
\begin{align} (13.2)
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\ (13.3)
&\fbox{\text{ }} (13.4)
\end{align}
align -
\\. &.
- . -
.
13.5. 201
\begin{align}
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &y&=y\\ = ( ) = (13.5)

ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x) &z&=z = ( ) = (13.6)
\end{align}
align: flalign alignat. alignat -

, . ,
, 2, 2 2 = 4. -
, align/align*,
flalign/flalign* , -
alignat/alignat :
\begin{align*}
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &\quad y&=y\\ = ( ) =
ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x)&\quad z&=z = ( ) =
\end{align*}
\begin{flalign*}
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &\quad y&=y\\ = ( ) =

\end{flalign*}
\begin{alignat*}{2}
= ( ) =
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) &\quad y&=y\\
\end{alignat*}
, gather/gather*:
\begin{gather} (13.7)
\fbox{\text{ }}\\
\fbox{\text{}}\\ (13.8)
\fbox{\text{}} (13.9)
\end{gather}
multline:
\begin{multline}
\fbox{\text{}}\\

\fbox{\text{}}\\
\shoveleft{\fbox{\text{}}}\\
\fbox{\text{}}
\end{multline} (13.10)
202 13.
multline, , -
. , -
. \shoveleft
, \shoveright, , .
split :
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&\fbox{\text{ }}\\
&\fbox{\text{ }}
\end{split} (13.11)
\end{equation}
split
& align.
, ,
.
split , -
. split , -
.
( centertags amsmath),
amsmath tbtags, -
, , ,
, ( leqno amsmath).
aligned, gathered alignedat, split, -
:
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}[b]
x&=\gamma(x-\beta ct) \\
ct&=\gamma(ct-\beta x) = ( )
\end{aligned}\quad = ( ) = (13.12)
\begin{gathered}[t]
y=y\\ =
z=z
\end{gathered}
\end{equation}
-
, ,
. :
[c] ( ),
[b] ,
[t] .
13.5. 203

-
\intertext.
\begin{align} {
\begin{cases} = sin
(13.13)
\dot{x}=-R\omega\sin\omega t\\ = cos
\dot{y}=\hphantom{-}R\omega\cos\omega t
\end{cases}\\ ,
\intertext{,}
a_{\tau}=0 = 0 (13.14)
\end{align}
\intertext -
. nccmath \intertext, -
,
: \intertext[]{}.
cases
.
cases
cases
cases ltxmisc numcases -
:
\begin{numcases}{|x|=} {
x, & $x \geq 0$\\ , > 0 (13.15)
|| =
-x, & $x < 0$ , < 0 (13.16)
\end{numcases}
empheq
mh amsmath. -
empheq,
, :
\begin{empheq}[box=\shadowbox*]{align} E = mc2 (*)

E&=mc^2 \tag{*}\\
X 1
Y&= \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2}\notag Y =
n2
\end{empheq} n=1
empheq.pdf -
.
204 13.
13.6.
, -
* , .
, , .
,
. \ref ,
\eqref:

~\ref{eq:num1} ~\eqref{eq:num1}. 13.17 (13.17).

. , ,
leqno, amsmath. -
.
,
\tag \tag* .
\notag.
1 (13.17)
\newcommand{\mft}[1]{\fbox{\text{#1}}}
\begin{gather} 2
\mft{{ \No 1}}\label{eq:num1}\\
\mft{{ \No 2}}\notag\\ 3 (*)
\mft{{ \No 3}}\tag{$*$}\label{eq:num2}\\
\mft{{ \No 4}}\tag*{$*$}\\ 4 *
\mft{{ \No 5}}\tag{\ref{eq:num1}$$}\\ 5
(13.17 )
\mft{{ \No 6}}\tag{\ref{eq:num2}$$}
\end{gather} 6 (* )
\tag \ref .

.
- , , , -
.
, -
, , deleq. -
deleq.dvi.
amsmath subequations, -
.
13.7. 205
\begin{equation}
\fbox{\text{ \No 1}}
\end{equation}
\begin{subequations} 1 (13.18)
\label{eq:num3}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:num3-1} 2 (13.19a)
\fbox{\text{ \No 2}}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\fbox{\text{ \No 3}} 3 (13.19b)
\end{equation}
-
\end{subequations}\par
(13.19), -
~\eqref{eq:num3},
(13.19a).

~\eqref{eq:num3-1}.
, -
\theequation, :
\renewcommand{\ t h e e q u a t i o n }
{\ t h e p a r e n t e q u a t i o n \ asbuk { e q u a t i o n }}
.
LATEX
, TEX- LATEX TEX.
13.7.
9.3 . 111,
beamer, -
\newtheorem:
\newtheorem{Thexmpl}{}
\begin{Thexmpl}[ ]
\label{th:Pythagor} 1 ( ).
.
\end{Thexmpl} .
\begin{Thexmpl}
2. ,
\label{th:WisdomLaw}
.
,
.
:
\end{Thexmpl}
1, : -
:
2.
~\ref{th:Pythagor},
: ~\ref{th:WisdomLaw}.
206 13.
\newtheorem :
\ newtheorem {}{}
\ newtheorem { } [ ] { }
\ newtheorem {}{ } [ ]
-
.
, . -

(, section). -
.
\newtheorem ,
:
\ b e g i n { } [ ]

\ end {}
nccthm ncctools -
-
, . -
nccthm.pdf [10].
14

+++ .
+++

-
, . . TEX -
-
.
-
. LATEX
.
14.1.
LATEX . -
, ,
.
, .
-
.
,
. , -
LATEX .
208 14.
verbatim

verbatim,
.
\verb!!.
\verb ( !),
.
, *.
verbatim tools ,
.
\verbatiminput,
.
, -
, \verb*/\verbatiminput*
verbatim*. *- ,
(\textvisiblespace).
\begin{verbatim*}
\textbf{verbatim} \LaTeX{} \textbf{verbatim}\LaTeX{}
\end{verbatim*}
altt
altt , verbatim,
LATEX , ,
, .
\begin{alltt}
\textbf{altt} \LaTeX{} altt LATEX
\end{alltt}
-
fancyvrb.
fancyvrb.pdf.
listings
listings .
1 , ,
.
, , , -
, .
1 listings.pdf.
14.1. 209
listings -
:
Listing 14.1. listings

\ usepackage { l i s t i n g s }
% listings
\ l s t l o a d l a n g u a g e s { [ LaTeX ] TeX , bash , MetaPost , P e r l , C++,make}
%
\ l s t s e t { l a n g u a g e =[LaTeX ] TeX , %
e x t e n d e d c h a r s=t r u e , %
e s c a p e c h a r =| , % | LATEX|
frame=tb , %
commentstyle=\i t s h a p e , %
s t r i n g s t y l e =\ b f s e r i e s } %
-
2 \lstloadlanguages. -
.
\lstset , -
. -
.
, -
, extendedchars=true3 .
escapechar LATEX
. , , -
LATEX. , (
|) , -
. escapechar,
escapechar
.
2 listings 1.3c ( -
): ABAP, ACSL, Ada (83, 95), Algol (60, 68), Ant, Assembler (x86masm), Awk (gnu, POSIX),
bash, Basic (Visual), C (ANSI, Handel, Objective, Sharp), C++ (ANSI, GNU, ISO, Visual), Caml
(light, Objective), Clean, Cobol (1974, 1985, ibm), Comal 80, csh, Delphi, Eiffel, Elan, erlang,
Euphoria, Fortran (77, 90, 95), GCL, Gnuplot, Haskell, HTML, IDL (empty, CORBA), inform,
Java (empty, AspectJ), JVMIS, ksh, Lisp (empty, Auto), Logo, make (empty, gnu), Mathematica
(1.0, 3.0), Matlab, Mercury, MetaPost, Miranda, Mizar, ML, Modula-2, MuPAD, NASTRAN,
Oberon-2, OCL (decorative, OMG), Octave, Oz, Pascal (Borland6, Standard, XSC), Perl, PHP,
PL/I, Plasm, POV, Prolog, Promela, Python, R, Reduce, Rexx, RSL, Ruby, S (empty, PLUS),
SAS, Scilab, sh, SHELXL, Simula (67, CII, DEC, IBM), SQL, tcl (empty, tk), TeX (AlLaTeX,
common, LaTeX, plain, primitive), VBScript, Verilog, VHDL (empty, AMS), VRML (97), XML,
XSLT.
3 ,
LATEX .
210 14.
frame=<POSITION>
. t , b , l
r . frame=trbl
. frame= -
. frame=TRBL,
. .
, listings, lst. -
\lstinline!! -
\verb!!.
lstlisting:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Perl,
frame=tlBR,
caption={ }] Listing 14.2.
# #
if (open(CHECK,"<$file")) { i f ( open (CHECK, "< $ f i l e " ) ) {
$cmd=$term->readline $cmd=$term>r e a d l i n e
("Overwrite (yes/NO): "); ( " O v e r w r i t e ( y e s /NO) : " ) ;
if (lc($cmd) ne "yes") {die;} i f ( l c ( $cmd ) ne " y e s " ) { d i e ; }
close(CHECK);} c l o s e (CHECK) ; }
\end{lstlisting}
, -
. , language
, , frame
, caption .
\lstinputlisting:
%
\ l s t s e t { numbers=l e f t , l a n g u a g e=MetaPost ,
%
% b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r=\ c o l o r { y e l l o w } ,
frame=shadowbox , r u l e s e p c o l o r =\ c o l o r { b l a c k }}
%
\ l s t i n p u t l i s t i n g [ f i r s t l i n e =16 , l a s t l i n e =24 ,
emph={ f o r s u f f i x e s , t e x t , bpath } ,
emphstyle ={\ b f s e r i e s \ s c s h a p e } ,
emph = { [ 2 ] f i l l , u n f i l l } ,
emphstyle = { [ 2 ] \ b f s e r i e s \ underbar } ] { i n t r o .mp}
1 v a r d e f drawshadowed ( expr dx , dy ) ( text t ) =

2 fixsize (t );
3 forsuffixes s=t :
14.2. LCD- 211
4 f i l l bpath. s s h i f t e d ( dx , dy ) ;
5 u n f i l l bpath. s ;
6 drawboxed ( s ) ;
7 % draw p i c ( s ) w i t h c o l o r r e d ; %
8 endfor ;
9 enddef ;
firstline secondline ,
.
. numbers=left .
\color,
. -
, backgroundcolor. -
emph=< >.
,
. emphstyle
.
, -
, .
float,
.
-
. , , -
\lstdefinelanguage. ,
.
14.2. LCD-
LCD- . , -
-
- .
LATEX lcd.
\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.22,0.26,0.19}
\definecolor{lightgreen}{rgb}{0.05,0.97,0.55}
\LCDcolors{darkgreen}{lightgreen}
\centering
\LARGE\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|\\[2mm]
\LCDcolors{white}{darkgreen}
\small\textLCD{12}|Linux Format|
\definecolor color. -
\LCDcolors , \textLCD
LCD- . \textLCD -
212 14.
,
.
, -
.
\DefineLCDchar. ,
5 7 . ,
, -
, -
. ,
.
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}
. 14.1. LCD
\LCD,
,
, - .
,
.
\DefineLCDchar{yo}{01010000001111110001111001000111111}
\definecolor{lightblue}{rgb}{0.9,0.91,0.99}
\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0.14,0.2,0.66}
\LCDcolors{darkblue}{lightblue}
\LCDframe
\setlength{\LCDunitlength}{1.1mm}
\LCD{2}{4}|LF {yo} |
|zone |
14.3.
,
,
. bytefield.
bytefield:
\ b e g i n { b y t e f i e l d }{ }

\ end { b y t e f i e l d }
14.3. 213
0 15 16 31
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14.1. UDP
bytefield \wordbox \bitbox, -

, :
\ wordbox [ ] { }{}
\ b i t b o x [ ] { }{}
-
. [lrtb] , -
: l , r , t b .
\\.
UDP4 :
\ b e g i n { b y t e f i e l d }{32}
\ bitheader {0 ,15 ,16 ,31}\\
\ b e g i n { r i g h t w o r d g r o u p }{ }
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\\
\ b i t b o x {16}{ }\ b i t b o x {16}{ }
\ end { r i g h t w o r d g r o u p }\\
\ wordbox [ l r t ] { 1 } { }\\
\ s k i p p e d w o r d s \\
\ wordbox [ l r b ] { 1 } { 6 5 { . } 5 2 7 }
\ end { b y t e f i e l d }
UDP
\bitheader, -
\wordgroupr \skippedwords .
\bitheader -
, , , {0-31}.
rightwordgroup
4 User Datagram Protocol IP.
214 14.
leftwordgroup ,
, .
.
14.4.
, , . . TEX -
.
LATEX . -
, , .
.
algorithms
algorithms , -
.
. algorithmic. -
.
1: if 6 0 then
\begin{algorithmic}[1] 2: 1
\IF{$i\leqslant0$} \STATE $i\gets1$ \ELSE 3: else
\IF{$i\geqslant0$} \STATE $i\gets0$ 4: if > 0 then
\COMMENT{ ~ } 5: 0 {
\ENDIF
\ENDIF }
\ENSURE $i\geqslant0$ 6: end if
\FORALL{$\xi \in \mathcal{A}$} 7: end if
\STATE $\mathcal{B}\gets\xi^2$ Ensure: > 0
\ENDFOR 8: for all do
\RETURN $\mathcal{B}$ 9: 2
\end{algorithmic} 10: end for
11: return
, .
1, , 2 ,
.
\STATE . -
\IF{<>}, \ELSIF{<>}, \ELSE \ENDIF.
\FOR \FORALL,
\ENDFOR. \WHILE{<>}
\ENDWHILE, \REPEAT \UNTILL{<>} \LOOP
\ENDLOOP. -
\REQUIRE, ,
14.4. 215
, \ENSURE, -
\RETURN,
\PRINT \COMMENT.
, .
. -
, . -
: algorithms.pdf.
algorithmic ,
algorithm,
. algorithm \caption
\label.
algorithms
algorithms algorithmicx.
.
,
. -
, Pascal, -
, .
algorithms. -
algorithm2e. C-.
.
. algorithms.
clrscode
clrscode ,
5 : . , . -
, . .
.
\begin{codebox}
\Procname{
$\proc{ }$}
1 for j 2 to length[A]
\li \For $j \gets 2$ \To $\id{length}[A]$
2 do key A[j]
\li \Do $\id{key} \gets A[j]$
3 ij1
\li $i \gets j-1$
4 while i > 0 and A[i] > key
\li \While $i > 0$ and $A[i] > \id{key}$
5 do A[i + 1] A[i]
\li \Do $A[i+1] \gets A[i]$
6 i i1
\li $i \gets i-1$ \End
7 A[i + 1] key
\li $A[i+1] \gets \id{key}$ \End
\end{codebox}
5 Introduction to algorithms, Second Edition Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald
L. Rivest, Clifford Stein.

216 14.
pseudocode
. (Donald L. Kreher) . -
(Douglas R. Stinson) Combinatorial Algorithms: Generation,
Enumeration and Search. -
, : pseudocode. .
,
2005 . .
\begin{pseudocode}{C2F\_}
{\text{}, \text{}}
\PROCEDURE{C2F}{c}
Algorithm 0.1.1: C2F_(, )
\COMMENT{
$^\circ$$\to$$^\circ$F}\\ procedure C2F(c)
f \GETS {9c/5} + 32\\ comment: F
\RETURN{f}
\ENDPROCEDURE f 9c/5 + 32
\MAIN return (f )
x \GETS \text{} \\ main
\WHILE x \leqslant \text{} \DO x
\BEGIN whilex 6
\OUTPUT{x, \CALL{C2F}{x}}\\ output (x, C2F(x))
x \GETS x+1 do
x x+1
\END
\ENDMAIN
\end{pseudocode}
14.5.
-
, -
.
, ,
, -
.
change log.
:
.
14.5. 217

vhistory
. Jochen Wertenauer
1.2 29/09/07
()
1.0 22/01/04 JW
1.1 21/07/07 JW owncaptions
1.2 29/09/07 JW, EMB
. 14.2. vhistory
versionhistory.
\vhEntry:
\ vhEntry {}{}{()}{}
() , -
. -
|. :
\ vhEntry { 1 . 1 } { 1 3 . 0 5 . 0 4 } {JW|AK|KL}{ Typos c o r r e c t e d . }
vhistory,
. 14.2.
%
% o w n c a p t i o n s
\ usepackage [ owncaptions ] { v h i s t o r y }
|\ ldots |
%
%
\newcommand{\JW}{ Jochen Wertenauer }
\newcommand{\EMB}{ . }
218 14.
{\renewcommand{\ s e t s e p a r a t o r }{ \and }
\ t i t l e { \ t e x t b f { v h i s t o r y }}
\ a u t h o r {\ v h L i s t A l l A u t h o r s L o n g }
\ d a t e { \ v h C u r r e n t V e r s i o n {} \ vhCurrentDate }
\ maketitle
}
% .
\renewcommand{\ vhhistoryname }{ }
\renewcommand{\ vhversionname }{ }
\renewcommand{\ vhdatename }{}
\renewcommand{\ vhauthorname }{ () }
\renewcommand{\ vhchangename }{ }
%
\ begin { v e r s i o n h i s t o r y }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 0 } { 2 2 / 0 1 / 0 4 } {JW}{ }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 1 } { 2 1 / 0 7 / 0 7 } {JW}{ o w n c a p t i o n s }
\ vhEntry { 1 . 2 } { 2 9 / 0 9 / 0 7 } {JW|EMB}{ }
\ end { v e r s i o n h i s t o r y }
\vhCurrentVersion \vhCurrentDate.
. -
(. 12.2).
\vhListAllAuthorsLong ,
\newcommand.
, TEX Live 2007, -
owncaptions, .
21/07/2007 1.3
CTAN ({CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/vhistory.zip).
vhistory -
vh_sets_en.pdf.
14.6. LATEX
LATEX- .
.
. -
Subversion svn,
svn6 .
6 cvs (Concurrent Versions System), -
rcs rcsinfo.
14.6. LATEX 219
\ u s e p a c k a g e { svn }
\SVN $ Date $
\SVN $Rev$
, \SVN.
Subversion -
:
> svn p r o p s e t svn : keywords " Date Rev"
> svn commit m " "
svn , -
commit. Date Rev
. -

> svn h e l p p r o p s e t
\SVN $Date$ \SVNDate \SVNTime, -
.
\SVN $Keyword$, Keyword svn, -
: \SVNKeyword.
:
\SVN $Date: 2006-11-25 21:02:20 +0600 $

\SVN $Rev: 265 $ 25 2006 .
\SVNDate\ \SVNTime 21:02:20
265
\SVNRev
svninfo.
, LATEX ,
. -
. ,
. LATEX , -
, , .
15

,
:
-
, .

LATEX ,
.
15.1.
.
, -
, , - 1 :
\[\mathbf{p}\psi(\mathbf{x})
\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=} def
p(x) = hx| p |i = i~(x)
\bra{\mathbf{x}} \mathbf{p} \ket{\psi} =
-i \hbar \nabla \psi(x)\]
, , , ,
.
, .
1 \bra \ket braket ltxmisc.
braket.sty.
222 15.
15.1.1.
8.417-2002.
,
, -
. , -
, , -
.
, -
. -
\text (. 4.2).
,
. -
, . :
$25\,\text{}/\text{}$ (25 /), $36{,}6^{\circ}$ (36,6 ).
, -
, : $(1/60)\,\text{}^{1}$, (1/60) 1 .
-
($(100.0\pm 0.1)\,\text{}$, (100.0 0.1) )

: $50\,\text{}\pm1\,\text{}$ (50 1 ).
, , -
: $\text{}\cdot\text{}$ ( ).
-
( ). ,
, .
: /( ), : //, / .
-
, ( ):
2 1 , 2 . -
( ).
-
, : / ( ).
-
. : /, : /.
15.1. 223
SIstyle
-
,
. SIstyle, -
sistyle.sty.
: \SI -
, \num ( ) \ang
.
\SI{}{m.kg/(\text{}^3.A)}\quad
\SI{}{(MPa)^{0\pnt 5}}\quad
\SI{}{(MPa)^{\num{0.5}}}\par mkg/(3 A) (MPa)0.5 (MPa)0.5
$v=\SI{10}{m.s^{-1}}$\quad v = 10 ms1 v = 10 m/s v = 10 ms
$v=\SI{10}{m/s}$\quad 45 1012 4
$v=\SI{10}{\tfrac{m}{s}}$\par
\ang{45}\quad \ang{10; 12; 4}
-
\text, .
SIstyle-2.3.pdf ( 2.3 -
) ,
.
SIunits (SIunits.pdf).
unitsdef (unitsdef.pdf) -
.
units (units.pdf).
15.1.2.

LATEX. ,
, http://arxiv.org2 .
hepparticles
, -
, (-
, ) ,
, , , .
2 ,
02/02/2008 461,639 , , ,
.
LATEX-. -
. , - -
pdf- PostScript-.
224 15.
hepparticles , -
:
\begin{itemize}
\item :
\HepParticle{B}{d}{0},
\HepAntiParticle{B}{d}{0}
\item : :
\HepGenParticle{q}{d}{}, B0d , B 0d
\HepGenAntiParticle{\ell}{\mu}{} -
\item SUSY"=: : qd,
\HepSusyParticle{\chi}{1}{},
SUSY-:
e 1, qe2
\HepGenSusyParticle{q}{2}{}
\item : : J/(1S)
\HepParticleResonance{J\!/\psi}{1S}{}{\star} : B0d K +.
\item :
\HepProcess{\HepParticle{B}{d}{0} \HepTo
\HepParticle{K}{}{-}\HepParticle{\pi}{}{+}}.
\end{itemize}
, , -
\HepProcess -
\HepTo.
hepparticles.pdf.

, , -
, ,
.
-
feyn. ,
feyn.pdf .
feyn:
:
$\Feyn{fs f gl f glu f fs}$ : kf y
fz
f k
: :
\[\Diagram{\vertexlabelâ \\ a
fd \\
d g = ig (T c )ab
& g\vertexlabel_{\mu,c} \\ ,c
\vertexlabel_b fu\\ e
b
} = ig\gamma_\mu (T^c)_{ab}\]

feynmp feynmf . 1995 .
(Torsten Ohl), , () -
. LATEX -
15.1. 225
, -
MetaPost3 .
, + Br(/ + )
:
e+ e+
e + e Bre+ e
J/
e e
. 15.1. ( feynmp)
, , -
. eepsiee.tex:
% e e p s i e e . t e x
\ u s e p a c k a g e { feynmp } %
...
\ b e g i n { f m f f i l e }{ eep s i e e } % mp
\ b e g i n { fmfgraph } ( 1 1 0 , 6 2 ) %
\ f m f l e f t { e i , p i } % ( )
\ f m f r i g h t { eo , po} % ( )
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^$}{ e i } %
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^+$}{ p i } % +
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^+$}{po} %
\ f m f l a b e l {$ e^$}{ eo } %
% ,
\ fmf { f e r m i o n }{ e i , J i , p i }
% ,
\ fmf { f e r m i o n }{ po , Jo , eo }
%
\ f m f l a b e l {$\Gamma_{\ e e }$}{ J i }
%
\ f m f l a b e l {$ Br_{\ e e }$}{ Jo }
%
\ fmf { heavy , l a b e l =$J /\ p s i $}{ J i , Jo }
3 Linux Format , MetaPost -
. CC-BY-SA 3.0
http://www.inp.nsk.su/~baldin/mpost/.
226 15.
\ end { fmfgraph }
\ end { f m f f i l e }
ei Jo
. .
fmffile mp-, -
META. -
ee-psi-ee.mp. ,
eepsiee.tex, :
# eep s i e e .mp
> l a t e x e e p s i e e . tex
# eps eep s i e e .mp
> mpost eep s i e e .mp
#
> l a t e x e e p s i e e . tex
mpost MetaPost. mpost -
LATEX.
xdvi dvi- PostScript pdf.
,
feynmf manual.ps.gz.
isotope
, , , -
. isotope (
isotope.dtx) \isotope,
:
228 228
\isotope{Ra}\quad \isotope[228]{Ra}\quad Ra Ra 88 Ra
\isotope[228][88]{Ra}
\[\isotope[A][Z]{X}\to X 4 4
2 Y + 2
\isotope[A-4][Z-2]{Y}+\isotope[4][2]{\alpha}\]
15.1.3.
- ,
, LATEX .
circ ,
, ,
. LATEX
circ . , -
. circ.
15.1. 227
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ b a s i c , box , gate , o l d g a t e , i c , o p t i c s , p h y s i c s ] { c i r c }
:
basic : , , -
, , ;
box , , ;
gate ;
oldgate , ;
ic ( );
optics ;
physics - .
circuit. \begin{circuit} -
0 4.
0. -
.
\begin{circuit}0
\npn1 {?} B l % .
\frompin npn1C %
\- 1 u % .
\nl\A1 {$I_C$} u % , A1.
\atpin npn1B %
\- 1 l % .
\R1 {510 } l % R1.

\- 1 l % . Ub
\centerto A1 % A1.
\nl\A2 {$I_B$} u % A2.
\frompin A2b % A2 () IB A IC A
\vtopin R1l % R1 ().
\frompin A1t % A2 ()
\- 1 u % .
R1

\.1 % ( ).
\frompin A2t % A2
510
\vtopin .1 % .
\htopin .1 %
\- 1 u %
\cc\connection1 {$U_b$} c u % .
\frompin npn1E %
\- 1 d %
\GND1 % .
\end{circuit}
circ.dvi.
.
228 15.
timeDiv : Channel A : Channel B : XY

5ms/div 1 V/div 1 V/div ON
F1
F2
OffsetA OffsetB OffsetC

0 0 0
. 15.2. ( pst-optic) . 15.3.

( pst-osci)
-, pst-circ.
pst-circ-doc.pdf
.
-
MetaPost makecirc.
MakeCirc-en.pdf
15.1.4.
,
.
circ, -
PSTricks, pst-optic ( pst-optic.pdf,
pst-optic-examples.pdf). , . 15.2 -
:
\ t e l e s c o p e [ m i r r o r F o c u s =6, posMirrorTwo =5,yBottom=5]
pst-osci. . 15.3
:
\ O s c i l l o [ a m p l i t u d e 1=3.5 , phase 1=90 , a m p l i t u d e 2=3.5 ,

p e r i o d 1=25 , p e r i o d 2=5 , phase 2=60 , L i s s a j o u s=t r u e ]
, -
, . ,
, pst-osci.pdf
15.2. 229
15.2.
. . : , ,
. , , ,
, .
15.2.1.
, -
, . -
.
PSTricks, pst-labo, 15.1.4,
.
\psset{glassType=ballon,
unit=0.5cm,
becBunsen,
pince=true}
\pstChauffageTube[becBunsen,
barbotage]
, , , -
, ,
pst-labo-docEN.pdf.
15.2.2.
, ,
. -

.
-
LATEX.
:
$\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ 1
H O
2 2
3 Cr2 O2
7
$3\,\mathrm{Cr}_2\mathrm{O}_7^{2-}$
, .
230 15.
mhchem
mhchem : mhchem.sty rsphrase.sty.
mhchem \ce \bond, -
. :
\ u s e p a c k a g e [ v e r s i o n =3]{mhchem}
. -
,
, .
\ce -
:

H2 O \ce{H2O} Sb2 O3 \ce{Sb2O3}
H+ \ce{H+} CrO2
4 \ce{CrO4^2}

AgCl2 \ce{AgCl2} [AgCl2 ] \ce{[AgCl2]}
Y99+ \ce{Y^{99}+} Y99+ \ce{Y^{99+}}
H2(aq) \ce{H2_{(aq)}} NO3 \ce{NO3}
(NH4 )2 S \ce{(NH4)2S}

KCr(SO4 )2 12 H2 O \ce{KCr(SO4)212H2O}
KCr(SO4 )2 12 H2 O \ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}
RNO 2 \ce{RNO2^{.}}
-Cl \ce{$\mu\hyphen$Cl}

1
2 H2 O \ce{2H2O} 2 H2 O \ce{1/2H2O}

227 +
90Th \ce{^{227}_{90}Th+}

C6 H5 CHO \ce{C6H5CHO} XY
Z \ce{X=Y#Z}
-
\bond:
\ce{A\sbond B\dbond C\tbond D}\\ ABC D
\ce{A\bond{-}B\bond{=}C\bond{#}D}\\ ABC D
\ce{A\bond{~}B\bond{~-}C}\\ A B
C
\ce{A\bond{~=}B\bond{~--}C\bond{-~-}D}\\ A B
C D

\ce{A\bond{...}B\bond{....}C}\\ ABC
\ce{A\bond{->}B\bond{<-}C} ABC
15.2. 231
-
dvi-.
\ce ,
\ce. -
, .
\centering CO2 + C 2 CO
\ce{CO2 + C -> 2CO}\\ CO2 + C 2 CO
\ce{CO2 + C <- 2CO}\\ CO2 + C

2 CO
\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\\ H+ + OH H2 O
\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H2O}\\

\ce{$A$ <-> $A$}\\ CO2 + C
2 CO
\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha] 2CO}\\
CO2 + C
2 CO
\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\\
+H2 O
\ce{$A$ ->[\ce{+H2O}] $B$}
rsphrase (Risk and Safety Phrases)
. -
, . mhchem.pdf.
15.2.3.
TEX -
-
. chemtex.
xymtex.
xymtex LATEX
. -
. ,
. , -
GUI-, ,
. , xymtex -
TEX Live
http://homepage3.nifty.com/xymtex/fujitas3/xymtex/indexe.html.
xymtex403b.lzh. -
( ) lha.
xymtex texmf-
:
#
> l h a x xymtex403b . l z h
# xymtex
> cp r xymtex texmf-local
#
> texhash
232 15.
.
xymtx402403.pdf doc402403. -
, :
%\ u s e p a c k a g e { xymtexps } %
%\ u s e p a c k a g e { chmstps }
%
%
\ b e g i n {XyMcompd} ( 2 1 0 0 , 1 8 0 0 ) ( 2 0 0 , 0 ) { } { }
\ p y r a n o s e {1 Sa==H; 2 Sb==H; 2 Sa==OH; 3 Sb==H; 3 Sa==OH;
4Sb==HO; 4 Sa==H; 5 Sb==H; 5 Sa==CH$_{3}$;%
1Sb==%
\ r y l ( 8 ==O) { 3 ==%
\ s t e r o i d {3== ( y l ) ; 5A==H; 8B==H; 9A==H;%
{{10}B}==\ l m o i e t y {OHC} ; { { 1 4 }A}==OH;%
{{13}B}==\ l m o i e t y {H$_{3}$C} ; { { 1 6 }B}==OH;%
{{17}B}==\ f i v e h e t e r o v [ e ] { 3 ==O}{4D==O; 1 == ( y l ) }
}
}
}
\ end {XyMcompd}
, , :
O
O
H3 C
OH
OHC H
H H OH
O O
HO
CH3 H
H H
H H
OH OH
. 15.4.
GUI- .
15.3. 233
15.3.
,
. , LATEX
. , -
, texshade, -
.
340
. 350
. 360
. 370
. 380
. 390
. 400
.
AF414973_Fusarium_sporotrichioi ACCCTCAAG..CCC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GATCTG.TGTGCAA.AC...ACAGT..C...CCC.AAATTGATTGGC
DQ026008_Fusarium_equiseti ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGGGACTC.GCGGTA.AC..C..CGC.GT...T.CCCC.AAATCGATTGGC
AF111054_Fusarium_tricinctum ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
AF009185_Gibberella_avenacea ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTG.CCTTCT.GGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
044-its1_2006-03-10 ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GACTCG.CGGTAAC.CC...GCGTT..C...CCC.AAATCGATTGGC
121-its1_2006-03-10 ACCCTCAAG..CTC.AGCTTGGTGTTGG.GACTCG.CGGTAAC.CC...GCGTT..C...CCC.AAATCGATTGGC
027_its1_2006-03-06 ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
090_its1_2006-03-01 ACCCTCAAG..CCC.AGCTTTTTGTGGGTGATCTG.TGTGCAA.AC...ACAGT..C...CCC.AAATTGATTGGC
025-its1_2006-03-17 ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTGCCCTTCTGGGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
026_its1_2006-03-06 ACCCTCAAGCCCCCGGGTTTGGTGTTGGGGATCGGCTCTG.CCTTCT.GGCGGTGCCGCCCCCGAAATACATTGGC
consensus ACCCTCAAGccCcCg.G.TTggTGTtGGggatcgGct.tgc.cttCt.ggCggTgccgccCCCgAAATa.ATTGGC
. 15.5. (alignment) -
Fusarium/Gibberella texshade
texshade . . WWW-
http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/software/tex/tex-ru.htm
TEX .
16

;
, .

-
. -
, -
, .
16.1.
, , . ,
, .

verse:
\begin{verse}
\\*

.
.
\emph{ }
\end{verse}
, -
\\. -
(\\),
.
236 16.
verse
verse .
verse.pdf -
.
\renewcommand{\poemtoc}{subsection}
\poemtitle{}
\settowidth{\versewidth}{ "---
.}
\begin{verse}[\versewidth]
,\\ ,
, ,\\ , ,
, ,\\ , ,
"--- . .
\vin \\
\vin \\
\vin ,\\ ,
\vin . .
,\\ ,
,\\ ,
\\
, .\\ , .
...
\ldots
. .
\emph{.\,. }
\end{verse}
\poemtoc , -
. \poemtitle .
\versewidth ,
. verse -
.
, -
. \vin .

, -
.
stage
, , , stage.
stage.sty -
16.1. 237
Act I
(Pause.)
Scene 1
( . , -
, -
.
-
. -
.)

. , ?

.

( ). .

?.. ?
( .)
The End
. 16.1. stage
( ),
.
stage:
% s t a g e
\ documentclass { stage }
\ u s e p a c k a g e { i n d e n t f i r s t }%f i r s t paragraph i n d e n t
\ a u t h o r { . }
\ t i t l e { }
238 16.
%
\ a d d c h a r a c t e r { }{ }
\ a d d c h a r a c t e r {}{ }
%
\ act
%
\ pause
%
\ scene
%
\ opensd { . , ,

.
.
. }
%
\ d i a l o g {}{ . , ?}
\ d i a l o g { }{ . }
\ d i a l o g { } { ( ) . . }
\ d i a l o g { }{ ? . . ?}
\ s t a g e { . }
\ end { document }
stage-documentation.pdf.
16.2.
-
-
. , LATEX
, .
guitar
.
guitar .
16.2. 239
guitar:
Gm E Gm
\begin{guitar} ,
[Gm] [Eb], [Gm] E D7 Gm
[Eb][D7] , [Gm] ,
A7 D7
, [A7] [D7] ,
[Eb] [D7], [Gm] E D7 Gm
\end{guitar} ,
guitar -
.
guitar.dvi
.
MusiXTEX
musixtex -
musictex. , -
.
musixdoc.pdf -
, , LATEX, -
musixtex. LATEX , -
. ,
, , ,
, . MusiXTEX -
LATEX [6].
, -, , ,
music:
G2
\begin{music}

\startextract
\notes\qu{abcdefghi}\ql{jk}\enotes
\endextract
\end{music}
(
). -
\startextract/\endextract. TEX-
. \notes \enotes .
, ,
\startpiece/\endpiece. LATEX -
. ,
.
240 16.

@ ) @ )
G2 34 @ @ ) @ ) @

2
> >
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. :
\ b e g i n { music } % . .
\ p a r i n d e n t=0pt%
\ g e n e r a l m e t e r {\ m e t e r f r a c 34}% 3/4
\ g e n e r a l s i g n a t u r e {1}%
%
\newcommand{\ l i f t } [ 2 ] { \ r a i s e #1\ I n t e r l i g n e #2}
\ s t a r t p i e c e%
\ n o t e s%
\ z q l {d}\ l i f t {1}{\ qs }%
\ ibbu 0 s 5\ qb 0{km}\ tbu 0\ qb 0{ o }%
\ ibbu 0 s 0\ zqb 0{m}%
\ l i f t {3}{\qp}%
\qb 0{km}\ tbu 0\ qb 0{ k}%
\ i b l 0 j {6}\ zqb 0{h}%
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\ e n o t e s%
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.
\ e n d p i e c e%
\ end { music }
16.2. 241
musixtex ,
. -

MusiXTEX -
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musixlyr
musixlyr MusiXTEX,
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, :
%
% m u s i x l y r
\ u s e p a c k a g e { musixtex }
% m u s i x l y r LATEX
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\ b e g i n { music }
\ p a r i n d e n t=0pt%
\ g e n e r a l m e t e r {\ m e t e r f r a c 44}% 4/4
\ g e n e r a l s i g n a t u r e {1}%
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\ Notesp \ ca {hg }\ qp\ ca { f e }\ ds \ c c a { de }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
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242 16.
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\ Notesp \ ca { j i }\ ds \ c c a { i i }\ ca { h g f e }\ en \ a l a l i g n e
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\ n o t e s p \wh{d}\ en
\ setdoublebar
\ e n d p i e c e%
\ end { music }
, -
\setlyrics. (-) .
({}) .
(_) .
mxlyrdoc.dvi .
16.3. 243
16.3.
-
: , .
LATEX
. -
The Comprehensive
LATEX Symbol List (symbols-a4.pdf).
tipa
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(International Phonetic Alphabet IPA).
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\tipaencoding,
IPA.
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-
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\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}
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tipaman.pdf.
HieroTEX
HieroTEX TEX Live.
http://www.iut.univ-paris8.fr/~rosmord/archives/ -
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HieroType1-3.1.4.tgz. -
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% EGypto . t e x h i e r o t e x
\ documentclass { a r t i c l e }
\ u s e p a c k a g e { egypto }
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16.3. 245
sesh LATEX- (
hierotex.tex):
> s e s h < h i e r o t e x . htx > h i e r o t e x . t e x
hieroglyph. -
pdflatex latex ,
. 16.4. , , -
, -
. .
arcs
- ,
arcs:
\underarc{}

\overarc{} . .
LATEX--
: http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/external/clmt/latex4ling/, -
The LaTeX for Linguists.
17
TEX Live
-
.

.
.
TEX Live CTAN-
1 .
LATEX,
TEX Live .
,
X .
17.1.
, -
.
.
17.1.1.
X fontenc LATEX.
X inputenc , .
1 CTAN
(Graham Williams) TeX Catalogue,

http://texcatalogue.sarovar.org html-.
248 17. TEX Live
X babel .
.
10.1 . 121.
, babel, -
LATEX ( ) (arabtex),
(armtex), (arosgn, bangtex), (burmese),
(vntex), (gurmukhi), (devanagari), (mala-
yalam), (itrans), (oinuit), -
(ocherokee), (cjk), (cjk), (manjutex),
(montex), (sanskrit), (sinhala), -
(adami), (ctib4tex, pecha), (enthiop), (os-
manian), (telugu) (cjk) .
ucs Unicode.
braille ( ).
17.1.2.
X anttor Antykwa Torunska. -
.
X concrete concrete ( ) euler ( -
). . .
. .
cyrillic LATEX. -
inputenc.
X lh Computer Modern. -
Type1 cm-super.
X indentfirst -
.
X t2 -
. misccorr (
), mathtext (
) citehack ( -
BibTEX).
X eskdx .
X gost780u gost71u gost 7.80-00 7.1-84
BibTEX.
17.1.3.
extdash ncctools ,
.
17.1. 249
X ncccomma nctools -
.
icomma was.
X underscore (_) .
17.1.4.
contour .
.
nccstretch ncctools .
X soul , , -
.
truncate .
ulem .
umoline -
.
17.1.5.
dashrule .
X mboxfill ncctools -
.
X nccrules ncctools .
17.1.6.
X lineno .
X ragged2e -
.
hanging .
X comment , -
.
shapepar . ,
- .
17.1.7.
X desclist ncctools description.
engrec
.
enumerate enumerate
.
enumitem .
250 17. TEX Live
X eqlist , description, -
.
etaremune .
expdlist description.
multenum .
X paralist .
17.1.8.
X alltt
LATEX .
fancyvrb -
.
moreverb verbatim.
X verbatim .
17.1.9.
balancedquotes "" ,
, .
csquotes . -
. .
X epigraph .
quotchap .
17.1.10.
alnumsec .
chappg
.
fncychap -
.
Lenny.
nccsect ncctools .
sectionbox . -
, .
titlesec ,
.
titletoc.
appendix .
17.1. 251
17.1.11.
authblk preprint \author, -
, ,
.
coverpage CoverPage, -
.
titling \maketitle.
abstract , .
17.1.12.
crossreference .
lastpage , -
.
X prettyref -
.
refcheck , ,
.
X showkeys . -
.
typedref \ref \figureref, \sectionref \eqref.
\label -
.
varioref tools -
.
X xr .
17.1.13.
fixfoot -
.
X footmisc
.
footnpag .
X ftnright tools -
.
manyfoot ncctools .
X nccfoots ncctools .
X savefnmark .
.
yafoot pfnote ( -
), fnpos (
) dblfnote ( ).
252 17. TEX Live
17.1.14.
endheads -
.
X endnotes .
X pagenote
.
17.1.15.
X marginnote -
.
X mparhack LATEX -
.
X changebar . -
.
17.1.16. WWW-
X breakurl .
X hyperref .
typehtml carlisle HTML LATEX.
HTML2 HTML3.
X url -
.
cooltooltips -
. Adobe Reader 7 .
17.1.17. PDF
cmap pdf-.
pdfcrypt oberdiek pdf-
.
17.1.18.
boites , , -
.
boxedminipage , --
.
boxhandler .
dashbox .
eqparbox ,
.
17.1. 253
fancybox .
nccboxes ncctools . -
. -
.
pst-fr3d 3D-.
X shadow \shabox, .
17.1.19.
X draftwatermark DRAFT
- .
draftcopy.
X fixme
.
prelim2e
, .
progress -
HTML-, -
.
.
pdfsync pdf-. -
pdf- . -
iTeXMac, iTeXMac2, TeXShop emacs (AucTeX) -
pdf iTeXMac, iTeXMac2, TeXShop, TeXniscope PDFView.
srcltx dvi-. -
DVI xdvi yap.
snapshot , -
, ,
. .
X svn svninfo LATEX
svn.
cvs, rcs rcsinfo.
svnkw svn-multi svn.
X vhistory .
vpe srcltx PDF. vpe -
.
17.1.20.

combine pdfpages.
X askinclude -
\include.
254 17. TEX Live
X excludeonly , -
, \include.
chapterfolder , -
,
.
import \input,
-
.
volumes , -
\includeonly.
17.1.21.
crop (cropmark)
. ncccropmark
ncctools.
fixltx2e LATEX 2 .
mylatex carlisle mylatex.ltx, -
, -
. ,
.
morse ( ).
pagesel oberdiek ,
. , -
/ .
totpages , -
.
wordlike , -
, . -
. , , .
17.2.
LATEX ,
, LATEX.
17.2.1.
X amsmath -LATEX. -
.
amsbsy ( ), amsopn ( -
) amstext ( \text,
17.2. 255
). -
, .
X amssymb . -
amsfonts (
). .
X amscd . .
amsthm . proof. -
.
X mh amsmath. -
mathtools , ntheorem
theorem empheq
.
mhequ .
bezos accents ( -
), tensind ( ),
dotlessi ( \dotlessi \dotlessj), esindex, checkend ( -
) arabicfront
( ).
breqn .

. .
X cancel \cancel, \bcancel \xcancel, ,
.
X cases numcases subnumcases -
.
X commath , ,
.
complexity .
dcpic LATEX.
deleq .
easy .
easy ( easy-), easyeqn ( -
), easymat ( ), easybmat ( -
), easytabl ( ), easyvector (C-
), easybib ( -
).
egameps pstricks
(extensive games).
eqname \eqname
.
X esdiff .
esvect , , -
.
256 17. TEX Live
eulervm Euler.
extarrows extpfeil .
faktor \faktor,
. amsmath.
flagderiv - (flag
notation).
gauss .
hhtensor , -
.
karnaugh Karnaugh Maps, Veitch diag-
ram.
maybemath \maybebm \maybeit. -
.
nath natural math notation. -
.
,
-
.
nccthm ncctools -
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onlyamsmath -
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pst-3dplot . -
.
pst-bar .
pst-eucl .
pst-func . -
, , ,
.
qobitree .
sobolev .
sseq ,
spectral sequence charts.
subeqn subequations
.
t-angles (Hopf algebra).
X tableaux, tabvar variations
. -
.
X tensor .
vector .
17.2. 257
venn (MetaPost).
X was fixmath ( -
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icomma ( -
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up ).
X wasysym . integrals -
.
17.2.2.
ascii IBM ASCII.
X algorithms, algorithmic, algorithmicx, algorithm2e,
clrscode pseudocode .
basix BASIC, TEX. -
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X bytefield .
cursor L- .
examplep LATEX MetaPost.
codep ( code, ,
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keystroke . PostScript- -
pdf .
X lcd LCD-.
X listings .
method .
pst-dbicons ER--
.
pst-uml UML-.
semantic -
, T-.
17.2.3.
astro cmastro
, .
braket - .
X circ LATEX
METAFONT.
X feyn .
258 17. TEX Live
X feynmf
LATEX METAFONT/MetaPost.
X hepparticles -
.
X isotope .
pst-circ .
X pst-optic .
X pst-osci .
X SIstyle . -
SIunits.
slashed carlisle - . -
\slashed,
, : / def
= .
timing LATEX META-
FONT.
units . -
, .
unitsdef .
17.2.4.
bpchem , , -
.
chemarr oberdiek .
chemarrow .
chemcompounds -
. .
chemcono -
.
cryst .
X mhchem ,
(
).
X pst-labo
pstricks.
r-und-s ( -
).
X xymtex LATEX
. chemtex -
.
http://homepage3.nifty.com/xymtex/fujitas3/xymtex/indexe.html.
TEX Live-2007 .
17.3. 259
17.2.5.
biocon .
dichokey
.
dnaseq -.
pst-pdgr .
X texshade -
(nucleotide and peptide alignments).
textopo ,
(membrane protein topology plots).
labbook -
.
17.3.
answers
.
assignment .
courseoutline coursepaper
.
eCards -
- . pdf Adobe Reader.
X exam , -
.
examdesign .
exercise -
.
flashcards .
interactiveworkbook pdf-. -
pdf Adobe Reader.
probsoln
- , .
qcm .
17.4.
. -
LATEX.
260 17. TEX Live
17.4.1. ,
dramatist .
ednotes .
ledmac . -
TEX- edmac. ledpar -
.
play .
parrun , .
poemscol , -
.
sides -
. plari.
X stage .
verse .
17.4.2.
pst-tree
pstricks.
arcs (\underarc) (\overarc) .
cbcoptic .
covington , -
, --, ,
,
.
engpron , ,
(Daniel Jones English Pronouncing Dicti-
onary)
lexikon .
linguex .
phonetic .
rst .
synttree .
X tipa -
(International Phonetic Alphabet).
teubner babel, greek -
.
xytree .
17.4.3.
abc LATEX ABC- ( ASCII-). -
abcm2ps.
17.5. 261
ConcProg . -
concprog.
cd cd-cover CD-.
X guitar .
musictex MusicTEX ,
LATEX.
X musixtex MusiXTEX MusicTEX -
.
X musixlyr musixtex .
songbook
.
17.5.
- , - .
17.5.1.
TEX-
. .
, ,
.
cooking .
.
cuisine cooking.
17.5.2.
cchess .
chess .
skak PGN-
(Portable Game Notation) .
skaknew , skak.
texmate -
.
17.5.3. ,
backgammon .
crosswrd . -
cwpuzzle.
dice , .
, epsdice.
262 17. TEX Live
othello .
psgo .
sudoku sudoku.
17.5.4.
advdate ltxmisc , -
, , , \today.
calendar .
calxxxx . .
china2e .
clock .
datetime . -
isodate.
weekday .
17.5.5.
bizcard .
labels - .
ticket , , -
.
17.6.
, , ,
. .
17.6.1.
float . -
floatraw.
rotfloat float, -
.
17.6.2.
boxhandler figure table.
dpfloat ,
. .
X floatflt , .
nccfloats ncctools
.
17.6. 263
sidecap , -
.
X wrapfig , -
.
X miniplot , subfig, .
photo .
picinpar . -
wrapfig . -
, .
plates ,
, (). -
, .
X subfig . -
.
17.6.3.
capt-of
.
captcont .
X caption , -
. -
ccaption.
X mcaption .
subfloat -
, .
X topcapt \topcaption, \caption,
.
17.6.4.
X endfloat .
figcaps preprint -
, -
. ,
.
hvfloat
.
X placeins ,
.
264 17. TEX Live
17.7.
. , ,
.
17.7.1.
bmpsize oberdiek -
. -
.
figsize
.
X graphicx .
epstopdf oberdiek eps- -
pdflatex, epstopdf .
nccpic ncctools graphicx -
.
hilowres
, , .
, .
rotating .
watermark ncctools , ,
. -
bophook, eso-pic wallpaper.
17.7.2.
aurora dvips .
-
.
X color .
colorinfo -
.
xcolor .
17.7.3. LaTeX
bardiag PSTricks.
bez123 .
coordsys ,
. picture.
curve2e pict2e.
curves .
picture.
17.7. 265
ebezier . picture.
ecltree . picture.
epic picture.
epic eepic.
histogr . picture.
pdftricks pstricks -
pdflatex.
pict2e picture, -
.
pgf A Portable Graphic Format for TEX.
LATEX, tex-
.
pstricks Postcript LATEX.
pst-node ( ), pst-plot
( ), pst-tree ( ).
pst-3d -3D, , .
pst-barcode .
pst-blur .
pst-coil .
pst-eps eps-.
pst-fill .
pst-geo .
pst-gr3d 3D-.
pst-grad RGB- HSB-.
pst-infixplot -
.
pst-lens .
pst-light3d 3D- , .
pst-math ,
PostScript.
pst-pdf pdf-.
pst-poly .
pst-text .
pst-slpe .
pst-vue3d 3D- .
pst-xkey xkey - pstricks.
scalebar .
xypic TEX.
266 17. TEX Live
17.8.
, .
,
.
X booktabs .
.
17.8.1.
X arydshln .
delarray ( ) array.
X hhline .
17.8.2.
X cellspace ,
.
X colortbl , .
X makecell .
, , -
\makecell.
X multirow , . -
bigdelim ( ) bigstrut (-
).
X slashbox , -
.
17.8.3.
X dcolumn tools
. rccol warpcol.
X numprint
, .
17.8.4. tabular
array tabular array .
.
blkarray carlisle blockarray, -
array, tabular.
tabularht oberdiek tabular , -
.
17.9. 267
X tabularx tools tabular

.
X tabulary tabular -
.
X ctable .
17.8.5.
X longtable . -
.
ltxtable carlisle longtable tabularx.
X supertabular
longtable, .
X xtab supertabular -
longtable.
17.8.6.
X listliketab .
17.8.7.
X csvtools CSV-.
17.9.
() , ,
, , -
. LATEX , ,
.
X afterpage
.
everypage .
microtype pdftext. -
.
( T2A). -
.
17.9.1.
X lscape landscape,
.
X portland .
268 17. TEX Live
X pdflscape oberdiek lscape. pdf- -

, landscape,
.
X rotpages
, , -
. , ,
.
17.9.2.
chngpage .
X geometry -
.
X layout .
pdfscreen pdf- .
X pgfpages pgf ,
-
.
pdfpages pdf- pdf--
.
X twoup .
booklet.
rmpage .
typearea KOMA-Script .
fullpage preprint 1.5 .
savetrees . -
, ?
stdpage , ,
.
X typogrid . -
.
X vmargin .
17.9.3.
X setspace .
nccparskip ncctools -
.
17.9.4.
X balance preprint
.
17.10. LATEX 269
dblfloatfix (-
midfloat sttools) (
fixltx2e).
X multicol tools -
.
X parallel .
.
parcolumns sauerj -
.
X sttools , ,
. stfloats (
), floatpag ( ,
), flushend ( -
), cuted ( -
/ ), marginal (-
) midfloat (
).
17.10. LATEX
article (), book (), report (), proc (-
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, -
.
. -
.
X KOMA-Script -
. scrartcl (-
), scrreprt (), scrbook () scrlttr2 ().
X ncclatex, , -
ncc. , , -
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hc KOMA-Script hcart
(), hcreport (), hcletter ().
hcslides.
ntgclass -
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boek3), (brief ) (rapport1 rapport3).
.
270 17. TEX Live
extsizes , -
10pt, 11pt 12pt 8pt, 9pt, 14pt, 17pt
20pt. extarticle, extbook, extletter, extproc, extreport.
X minimal , -
, .
17.10.1.
X eskdx . -
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17.10.2.
letter scrlttr2
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adrconv directory ,
BibTEX .
adrlist -
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X akletter letter.
beletter .
X cdpbundl .
envlab US Postal Service.
dinbrief g-brief . dinbrief
dinbrief-gui Tcl/Tk.
facsimile fax .
formlett mailing .
lettre .
X newlfm ,
. fancyhdr geometry.
17.10.3.
book -
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X memoir ,
.
X octavo : , -
.
X sffms -
.
17.10. LATEX 271
17.10.4.
report, ,
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X hitec HiTech.
refman refart refrep, -
-
, Adobe.
17.10.5.
X slides
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a0poster .
X beamer -
.
powerdot .
prosper seminar slides. -
ppr-prv , -
prosper.
sciposter -
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.
talk beamer . -
.
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. powersem.
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seminar ifmslide pdflatex. -
pdfslide.

ppower4,
PDF-.
17.10.6.
.
, -
.
X disser -
, , .
. ,
272 17. TEX Live
TEX Live-2007, CTAN-

{CTAN}/macros/latex/contrib/disser.
ebsthesis European
Business School.
hepthesis . PhD
(HEP).
pittetd University of Pittsburgh.
gatech-thesis Georgia Institute of Technology.
muthesis University of Man.
uaclasses University of Arizona.
ucthesis UC Berkeley.
uiucthesis University of Illinois.
umich-thesis University of Michigan.
uwthesis University of Washington.
york-thesis York University ().
17.10.7.
X curve CurVe -
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europecv , -
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moderncv .
vita,
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17.10.8.
, -

.
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aastex AASTeX Ame-
rican Astronomical Society.
abstbook -
.
acmconf ACM (Association for Computing Ma-
chinery). acm.
active-conf ACTIVE ().
aguplus AGUTeX AGU (American Geophysical Union).
aiaa-tc , AIAA (American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics). aaai-
named.
17.10. LATEX 273
X - amsart (), amsbook () amsproc

().
apa American Psychological Association. -

apacite apa apalike.
asaetr American Society for Agricultural Engineers (ASAE).
ascelike American Society of Civil Engineers. -
.
cc computational-complexity Computational
Complexity.
X combine . -
.
X elsart , -
Elsevier.
jpsj2 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan.
iagproc IAG (International Association of Geodesy).
IEEEconf IEEEtran IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electro-
nics Engineers).
mtn Maple Technical Newsletter.
nature , pdf-
Nature. .
X nccproc , -
.
nrc1 nrc2 nrc National Research Council ().
X revtex4 . ,
/-
(http://www.maik.ru/pub/tex/).
ptptex PTPTeX (Progress of Theoretical Physics), .
X sibjnm .
siggraph Siggraph.
smfart smfbook .
spie SPIE.
17.10.9.
LATEX,
.
X papertex LATEX.
leaflet - .
274 17. TEX Live
17.11. -
. -
. -
.
17.11.1.
X minitoc .
multitoc .
X shorttoc .
X tocbibind , , -
.
X tocloft , -
, , .
tocvsec2 -
.
17.11.2.
X fancyhdr .
X nccfancyhdr ncctools fancyhdr.
X technics , fancyhdr
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17.11.3.
amsrefs BibTEX .
authorindex .
backref hyperref , -
.
babelbib
babel. -
.
bibcheck ltxmisc ,
thebibliography .
bibtopic
.
bibunits
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X breakcites ltxmisc \cite
. .
camel BibTEX .
17.11. - 275
cite , cite ( -
), overcite (
), drftcite ( -
) chapterbib (
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X citehack t2 -
\cite.
citeref .
X compactbib thebibliography
.
custom-bib .
doipubmed (\doi, \pubmed \citeurl)
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footbib
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harvard Harvard.
multibbl .
multibib .
natbib . -
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notoccite
, /-
BibTEX- unsrt.
17.11.4.
X gloss BibTEX.
index -
.
X makeidx LATEX .
X makeglos .
X nomencl . -
.
robustindex -
. ,
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X splitindex
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X varindex . -
, , , -
.
276 17. TEX Live
17.12. LATEX
,
- .
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perltex PerlTEX. perl LATEX.
17.12.1.
arrayjob LATEX .
binhex , -
.
X chngcntr
.
clefval /
. - .
engord oberdiek
.
dcounter ncctools ,
.
fmtcount (, , -
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sublabel preprint
, 4a, 4b, 4c .
zahl2string sauerj -
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17.12.2. LATEX
X calc -
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fltpoint .
refcount oberdiek ,
.
fp , , -
.
17.12.3.
ifdraft oberdiek
draft/final.
ifmtarg ltxmisc -
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17.12. LATEX 277
ifpdf oberdiek \ifpdf -

latex pdflatex.
X ifthen , \ifthenelse ( -
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17.12.4.
acronym .
makecmds \makecommand, \makeenvironment
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17.12.5.
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17.12.6.
attachfile2 oberdiek PDF.
fink ,
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278 17. TEX Live
extract , -
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17.12.7. LATEX
afterpackage ncctools ,
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export / LATEX .
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TEX Live 279
TEX Live
CD TEX Live-2007. -
LATEX http://www.tug.org/texlive/.

CD, TEX Live -
:
i386-linux GNU/Linux x86;
powerpc-darwin MacOSX PowerPC1 ;
win32 32- Windows, 9x .
texmf-doc/doc/russian/texlive-ru/ -

html- pdf-: live.html live.pdf .
,
.
GNU/Linux
GNU/Linux, , Debian (Lenny), TEX Live -
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, TEX Live.
GNU/Linux Mac OS X
CD :
> sh . / i n s t a l l t l . sh
. -
, -
. .
1 . ,
.
-
, -
PATH, , :
# bash . b a s h _ p r o f i l e
> TEXLIVE=/u s r / l o c a l / t e x l i v e /2007/
> PATH=$TEXLIVE/ b i n / i 3 8 6 l i n u x :$PATH
> e x p o r t PATH
1 , T X Live Mac OS X, -
E
MacTEX (http://www.tug.org/mactex/). -
TEX Live .
280 TEX Live
tex-
. - -
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: emacs2 vim.
, , -
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CTAN, TEX Live
MiKTEX.
TEX Live Windows
tlpmgui.exe, setup-win32
. CD, -
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. tlpmgui.exe -
(scheme-full) , -
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Collection. Install, -
perl , -
.
( ). -
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.
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LATEX Windows -

.
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preview-latex.
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GNU/Linux . ,.
TEX Live 281

.
Adobe Reader (http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/) -
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tex-. :
TeXnicCenter (http://www.toolscenter.org/)
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dvi-;
WinEdt (http://www.winedt.com/) ShareWare -
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TEX Live-2007;
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emacs vim, GNU/Linux.
TEX Live-2007 -
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http://tug.org/texlive/bugs.html.
, -
. mktexmf TEX-.

lh.

texmf.cnf. :
MKTEXPK = 1
MKTEXMF = 1
MKTEXTFM = 1
MKTEXFMT = 1

/TeXLive2007/texmf-var/web2c/.
> kpsewhich texmf . c n f
. -
latex, -
. 4 , dvi-
. , ,
.
4 ,
Q (to run quietly).

, .

A \apprge, 193
\AA, 125 \apprle, 193
\aa, 125 \approx, 51, 191
abstract, 41, 98 \approxeq, 191
\act, 237 \arabic, 72
\acute, 188 \arccos, 54
\addcharacter, 237 \arcctg, 54
\addcontentsline, 135, 165 \arcsin, 54
\addtocontents, 164 \arctg, 54
\addtocounter, 72, 75 \areaset, 85
\addtoendnotes, 140 array, 151, 197, 266
\addtolength, 70, 75 \Asbuk, 72
\AE, 125 \asbuk, 72
\ae, 125 \AskOption, 147
\afterpage, 63 \ast, 190
\againframe, 119 \asymp, 191
\aleph, 186 \ataribox, 124
\alert, 113, 116 \author, 41, 251
algorithm, 215 B
algorithmic, 214, 215 \backepsilon, 191
align, 200202 \backmatter, 136
align*, 200, 201 \backprime, 186
alignat, 201 \backsim, 191
aligned, 202 \backsimeq, 191
alignedat, 202 \backslash, 186, 194
\allowdisplaybreaks, 200 \backslashbox, 156
\alph, 72 \balance, 92
\alpha, 50, 187 \bar, 51, 188, 240, 241
\alt, 116 \barwedge, 190
\amlg, 190 \baselineskip, 90, 91
\AND, 77 \Bbbk, 186
\and, 41 \bcancel, 189, 255
\ang, 223 \beamerbutton, 113, 115, 116
\angle, 51, 186 \because, 191
\appendix, 135 \begin, 31
283
\bell, 124 \Box, 186, 187

\beta, 50, 187 \boxdot, 190
\beth, 186 \boxminus, 190
\between, 191 \boxplus, 190
\bfseries, 36 \boxtimes, 190
\bibitem, 168 \bra, 221
\bibliography, 171 \breve, 188
\Big, 54 \brokenvert, 124
\big, 54 \bullet, 190
\bigcap, 195 \Bumpeq, 191
\bigcirc, 190 \bumpeq, 191
\bigcup, 195 \burl, 142, 143
\Bigg, 54 bytefield, 212, 213
\bigg, 54
\bigodot, 195 C
\bigoplus, 195 \cancel, 189, 255
\bigotimes, 195 \cancelto, 189
\bigskip, 91 \Cap, 190
\bigsqcup, 195 \cap, 190
\bigstar, 186 \caption, 43, 66, 137, 154, 215, 263
\bigtriangledown, 190 cases, 203
\bigtriangleup, 190 \cbend, 141
\biguplus, 195 \cbstart, 141
\bigvee, 195 CD, 198
\bigwedge, 195 \cdot, 51, 190
\binom, 199 \cdotp, 189
\bitbox, 213 \cdots, 189
\bitheader, 213 \ce, 230, 231
\blacklozenge, 186 \cent, 125
\blacksmiley, 124 center, 89
\blacksquare, 186 \centerdot, 190
\blacktriangle, 186 \centering, 90
\blacktriangledown, 186 \ceqn, 47
\blacktriangleleft, 192 \cftchapdotsep, 164
\blacktriangleright, 192 \cftchapleader, 164
block, 107, 115, 116 \cftdot, 164
blockarray, 266 \cftdotfill, 164
bmatrix, 197 \cftdotsep, 164
\bond, 230 \cftsecnumwidth, 164
\boolean, 76 \ch, 54
\bot, 186 \chapter, 30, 41, 98, 130, 135
\Bowtie, 124 \check, 188
\bowtie, 191 \checked, 124
284
\CheckedBox, 124 \curvearrowleft, 193

\checkmark, 125 \curvearrowright, 193
\chi, 50, 187
\circ, 190 D
\circeq, 191 \dag, 125
\circlearrowleft, 193 \dagger, 190
\circlearrowright, 193 \daleth, 186
\circledast, 190 \dashleftarrow, 193
\circledcirc, 190 \dashrightarrow, 193
\circleddash, 190 \dashv, 191
\circledR, 125, 186 \date, 41
\circledS, 186 \ddag, 125
circuit, 227 \ddagger, 190
\cite, 168, 169, 274, 275 \dddot, 53, 188
\citeurl, 275 \ddot, 53, 188
\clearpage, 63, 145 \ddots, 189
\clock, 124 \DeclareMathOperator, 54
\clubsuit, 186 \definecolor, 211
\cnttest, 76, 77 \DefineLCDchar, 212
code, 257 \Delta, 50, 187
\colon, 189 \delta, 50, 187
\color, 114, 115, 211 \depth, 129
\columnbreak, 94 \depthof, 75
\columncolor, 156 desclist, 132
\columnwidth, 81 description, 131, 132, 249, 250
\COMMENT, 215 \diagdown, 186
comment, 35 \Diagram, 224
\complement, 186 \diagup, 186
\cong, 191 \dialog, 237
\coprod, 195 \diameter, 124
\cos, 54 \Diamond, 186, 187
\counterwithin, 72 \diamond, 190
\counterwithout, 72 \diamondsuit, 186
\ctable, 159 \Dif, 195
\ctg, 54 \dif, 195
\cth, 54 \diff, 196
\Cup, 190 \diffp, 196
\cup, 190 \digamma, 187
\curlyeqprec, 191 \dimtest, 77
\curlyeqsucc, 191 \displaybreak, 200
\curlyvee, 190 \displaystyle, 47, 196
\curlywedge, 190 \div, 51, 190
\currency, 125 \divideontimes, 190
285
\DJ, 125 \endpiece, 239

\dj, 125 \endrotboxpages, 83
document, 35 \endspace, 89
\documentclass, 26, 32, 33, 97 \ENDWHILE, 214
\doi, 275 \enotes, 239241
\dominilof, 165 \ENSURE, 215
\dominilot, 165 \ensuremath, 73
\dominitoc, 165 enumerate, 37, 115, 131, 132, 249
\dot, 51, 53, 188 \epigraph, 130
\doteq, 191 \epigraphhead, 130
\doteqdot, 191 \epigraphwidth, 130
\dotfill, 89, 161 \epsilon, 187
\dotlessi, 255 \eqcirc, 191
\dotlessj, 255 eqlist, 132
\dotplus, 190 eqlist*, 132
\dots, 125, 189 \eqname, 255
\doublebarwedge, 190 \eqref, 46, 137, 204, 251
\doublespacing, 91 \eqslantgtr, 192
\DOWNarrow, 124 \eqslantless, 192
\Downarrow, 193, 194 \equal, 76
\downarrow, 193, 194 equation, 46, 47, 137, 200
\downdownarrows, 193 equation*, 47, 48, 200
\downharpoonleft, 193 \equiv, 51, 191
\downharpoonright, 193 \eta, 50, 187
\dropchapter, 131 \eth, 186
\eval, 195
E \evensidemargin, 81
\ell, 51, 186 example, 107
\ELSE, 214 \excludeonly, 146
\ELSIF, 214 \exists, 51, 186
\emph, 36, 113 \exp, 54
empheq, 203
\emptyset, 186 F
\EnColonne, 244 \faktor, 256
\end, 31, 35 \fallingdotseq, 191
\endextract, 239 \fbox, 129, 199
\ENDFOR, 214 \Feyn, 224
\ENDIF, 214 \feyn, 224
\endinput, 145 figure, 62, 63, 137, 262
\ENDLOOP, 214 \figureref, 251
\endnote, 140 \finkfile, 277
\endnotemark, 140 \Finv, 187
\endnotetext, 140 \fixme, 143
286
flalign, 201 \gamma, 50, 187

flalign*, 201 gather, 201
\flat, 186 gather*, 201
\fleqn, 47 gathered, 202
\FloatBarrier, 64 \ge, 51, 191
floatingfigure, 65, 66 \generalmeter, 240, 241
\flushend, 92 \generalsignature, 240, 241
flushleft, 89 \geneuro, 125
\flushleft, 89, 90 \geneuronarrow, 125
flushright, 89 \geneurowide, 125
\flushright, 89 \geq, 191
\fmf, 225 \geqq, 192
fmffile, 226 \geqslant, 51, 192
fmfgraph, 225 \GetTokens, 77
\fmflabel, 225 \gg, 51, 191
\fmfleft, 225 \ggg, 192
\fmfright, 225 \gimel, 187
\footnote, 138, 139 \gloss, 181
\footnotemark, 138 \glossary, 180, 181
\footnotesize, 37 \glossaryintro, 181
\footnotetext, 138 \glossaryname, 180, 181
\footskip, 81 \gnapprox, 192
\FOR, 214 \gneq, 192
\FORALL, 214 \gneqq, 192
\forall, 51, 186 \gnsim, 192
\foreignlanguage, 122 \grave, 188
\frac, 52, 53, 196 \gsee, 181
frame, 111, 112, 116 \gtrapprox, 192
\framebox, 129 \gtrdot, 192
\framesubtitle, 112, 114 \gtreqless, 192
\frametitle, 107, 112, 114 \gtreqqless, 192
\frontmatter, 136 \gtrless, 192
\frown, 191 \gtrsim, 192
\frownie, 124 guitar, 239
\fullfunction, 195 \gvertneqq, 192
\fxerror, 143
\fxnote, 143 H
\fxwarning, 143 \hat, 51, 188
\hbar, 186
G \hdotsfor, 197
\galso, 181 \headheight, 81
\Game, 187 \headsep, 81
\Gamma, 50, 187 \heartsuit, 186
287
\height, 129 \in, 51, 186

\heightof, 75 \include, 145, 146, 253, 254, 278
\HepAntiParticle, 224 \includegraphics, 6062, 115
\HepGenAntiParticle, 224 \includeonly, 119, 145, 146, 254
\HepGenParticle, 224 \indeces, 198
\HepGenSusyParticle, 224 \indent, 89
\HepParticle, 224 \index, 174176
\HepParticleResonance, 224 \infty, 51, 186
\HepProcess, 224 inparaenum, 133
\HepSusyParticle, 224 inparaitem, 37, 133
\HepTo, 224 \input, 145, 174, 254
\hexstar, 124 \int, 53, 195, 196
\hfil, 89 \intercal, 190
\hfill, 89 \intertext, 203
\hhline, 155 \invdiameter, 124
hieroglyph, 244, 245 \invisible, 116
\hline, 153 \invneg, 193
\hm, 55 \iota, 50, 187
\hoffset, 81 IPA, 243
\hookleftarrow, 193 \isempty, 77
\hookrightarrow, 193 \isequivalentto, 77
\hphantom, 199, 200 \isnamedefined, 77
\hrule, 128 \isodd, 76
\hrulefill, 89, 128 \isotope, 226
\hslash, 187 \isundefinedcommand, 76
\hspace, 89, 91, 199 \item, 37, 43, 115, 131, 132
\hspace*, 89 itemize, 37, 115, 131
\Huge, 37 \itshape, 36
\huge, 37
J
\hyperlink, 116
\jmath, 186
\hyphenation, 39, 40
\Join, 193
I K
\idotsint, 195 \kappa, 187
\IF, 214 \ket, 221
\iflanguage, 123 \kill, 151
\ifpdf, 277 \kreuz, 124
\ifthenelse, 76, 277
\iiiint, 195 L
\iiint, 195, 196 \L, 125
\iint, 195, 196 \l, 125
\Im, 186, 187 \label, 42, 43, 46, 116, 137, 215, 251
\imath, 186 \Lambda, 50, 187
288
\lambda, 50, 187 \LHD, 191

\land, 51 \lhd, 190, 191
landscape, 82, 267, 268 \lightning, 124
\landscape, 82 \lim, 54, 186
\langle, 194 \limits, 53
\LARGE, 37 \linebreak, 88
\Large, 37 \linelabel, 144
\large, 37 linenumbers, 143
\LaTeX, 30 \linenumbers, 144
\layout, 79, 80 \linewidth, 81
\LCD, 212 \listfiles, 146
\LCDcolors, 211 listliketab, 161
\lceil, 194 \listoffigures, 135, 161, 164
\ldotp, 189 \listoffixmes, 143
\ldots, 40, 189 \listoftables, 135, 161, 164
\le, 51, 191 \ll, 51, 191
\leadsto, 193 \llcorner, 194
\left, 54, 55 \Lleftarrow, 193
\LEFTarrow, 124 \lll, 192
\Leftarrow, 193 \ln, 54
\leftarrow, 193 \lnapprox, 192
\leftarrowtail, 193 \lneq, 192
\leftharpoondown, 193 \lneqq, 192
\leftharpoonup, 193 \lnsim, 192
\leftleftarrows, 193 \log, 54
\Leftrightarrow, 193 \logof, 193
\leftrightarrow, 193 \longitem, 132
\leftrightarrows, 193 \Longleftarrow, 193
\leftrightharpoons, 193 \longleftarrow, 193
\leftrightsquigarrow, 193 \Longleftrightarrow, 193
\leftthreetimes, 190 \longleftrightarrow, 193
leftwordgroup, 214 \longmapsto, 193
\lengthtest, 76 \longpage, 90
\leq, 191 \Longrightarrow, 193
\leqq, 192 \longrightarrow, 193
\leqslant, 51, 192 longtable, 159
\lessapprox, 192 \LOOP, 214
\lessdot, 192 \looparrowleft, 193
\lesseqgtr, 192 \looparrowright, 193
\lesseqqgtr, 192 \lor, 51
\lessgtr, 192 \lozenge, 187
\lesssim, 192 \lrcorner, 194
\lfloor, 194 \Lsh, 193
289
\lstdefinelanguage, 211 \mathindent, 47

\lstinline, 210 \mathinner, 186
\lstinputlisting, 210 \mathop, 186
lstlisting, 210 \mathopen, 186
\lstloadlanguages, 209 \mathord, 186
\lstset, 209 \mathparagraph, 186
\ltimes, 190 \mathpuct, 186
\lVert, 194 \mathrel, 185
\lvert, 194 \mathring, 188
\lvertneqq, 192 \mathsection, 186
\lyrraise, 241 \mathsterling, 186
\mathstrut, 52
M \mathunderscore, 186
\mainmatter, 136 matrix, 197
\makeatletter, 71 \max, 54
\makeatother, 71 \maxwidth, 71
\makebox, 129 \maybebm, 256
\makecell, 157, 266 \maybeit, 256
\makecommand, 277 \mbox, 40, 129
\makeenvironment, 277 \mboxfill, 128
\makegloss, 180 \md, 195
\makeglossary, 180 \measuredangle, 187
\makeindex, 174 \medskip, 91
\makenomenclature, 182 \medspace, 199
\makepagenote, 140 \meterfrac, 240, 241
\maketitle, 41, 251 \mho, 186
\maltese, 125 \mid, 191
\mapsto, 193 \min, 54
margincap, 67 \minilof, 165
\marginnote, 141 \minilot, 165
\marginpar, 141 minipage, 64, 65, 130, 138, 159, 160
\marginparpush, 81 \minitoc, 165
\marginparsep, 81 \models, 191
\marginparwidth, 81 \movie, 119
\markright, 166 \mp, 51, 190
\mathbb, 50 mpsupertabular, 159
\mathbcal, 50 mpxtabular, 159
\mathbf, 50 \mtcskip, 165
\mathbin, 185 \mu, 50, 187
\mathclose, 186 multicols, 93, 94
\mathdollar, 186 \multicolumn, 155, 156
\mathellipsis, 186 \multido, 277
\mathfrak, 50 \multimap, 191
290
\multirow, 155, 156 \nolinenumbers, 144

multline, 201, 202 \nomenclature, 183
music, 239241 \normalmarginpar, 141
\normalsize, 36, 37
N \NOT, 77
\nabla, 186 \not, 191
\natural, 186 \notag, 204
\ncong, 192 \notes, 239241
\ne, 191 \notesname, 140
\nearrow, 193 \notin, 191
\neg, 51, 186 \nparallel, 192
\negmedspace, 199 \nprec, 192
\negthickspace, 199 \npreceq, 192
\neq, 51, 191 \nRightarrow, 194
\newblock, 168 \nrightarrow, 194
\newcommand, 74, 75, 218 \nshortmid, 192
\newcounter, 71 \nshortparallel, 192
\newenvironment, 74 \nsim, 192
\newindex, 177 \nsubseteq, 192
\newlength, 69 \nsucc, 192
\newpage, 90 \nsucceq, 192
\newtheorem, 114, 205, 206 \nsupseteq, 192
\newtie, 126 \nsupseteqq, 192
\nexists, 187 \ntriangleleft, 192
\nextnum, 161 \ntrianglelefteq, 192
\ngeq, 192 \ntriangleright, 192
\ngeqq, 192 \ntrianglerighteq, 192
\ngeqslant, 192 \nu, 50, 187
\ngtr, 192 \nulide, 198
\ni, 186 \num, 223
\nLeftarrow, 194 numcases, 203, 255
\nleftarrow, 194 \numprint, 157
\nLeftrightarrow, 194 \nVDash, 192
\nleftrightarrow, 194 \nvDash, 192
\nleq, 192 \nvdash, 192
\nleqq, 192 \nwarrow, 193
\nleqslant, 192
\nless, 192 O
\nmid, 192 \O, 125
\No, 32 \o, 125
\nocite, 169 \ocircle, 191
\noindent, 89 \od, 195
\nolimits, 53 \oddsidemargin, 81
291
\odot, 190 \part, 41, 135, 274

\OE, 125 \partial, 53, 186
\oe, 125 \pause, 113, 237
\officialeuro, 125 \pd, 195
\oint, 195 \permil, 124
\Omega, 50, 187 \perp, 51, 191
\omega, 50, 187 \pgfpagesuselayout, 87
\ominus, 190 \phantom, 200
\onecolumn, 92 \Phi, 50, 187
onehalfspacing, 91 \phi, 187
\onehalfspacing, 91 \phone, 124
\only, 116 \Pi, 50, 187
\opensd, 237 \pi, 50, 187
\oplus, 190 picture, 264, 265
\opt, 146 \pitchfork, 191
\OR, 77 \pm, 51, 190
\oslash, 190 pmatrix, 197
otherlanguage, 122 \poemtitle, 236
otherlanguage*, 122 \poemtoc, 236
\otimes, 190 \pointer, 124
\overarc, 245, 260 \poptabs, 151
\overbrace, 189 portrait, 82
\overleftarrow, 189 \portrait, 82
\overleftrightarrow, 194 \pounds, 125
\overline, 189 \prec, 191
\overrightarrow, 189 \precapprox, 191
\preccurlyeq, 191
P \preceq, 191
\P, 125 \precnapprox, 192
\pagebreak, 90 \precnsim, 192
\pagenote, 140 \precsim, 192
\pageref, 43, 137 \prettyref, 138
\pagestyle, 166 \prime, 186
\paperheight, 81, 85 \PRINT, 215
\paperwidth, 81, 85 \printglossary, 180
\par, 36, 74 \printindex, 174
\paragraph, 133 \printnomenclature, 182
Parallel, 94 \printnotes, 140
\parallel, 51, 191 \printnotes*, 140
\ParallelLText, 95 Problem, 73
\ParallelRText, 95 \prod, 51, 195
parbox, 130 proof, 107, 115, 255
\parbox, 64, 65 \propto, 51, 191
292
\protect, 30, 46, 66, 135, 138, 164 \rightharpoondown, 193

\providecommand, 74 \rightharpoonup, 193
\provideenvironment, 277 \rightleftarrows, 193
pseudocode, 216 \rightleftharpoons, 193
\Psi, 50, 187 \rightrightarrows, 193
\psi, 50, 187 \rightsquigarrow, 193
\pubmed, 275 \rightthreetimes, 190
\pushtabs, 151 rightwordgroup, 213
\risingdotseq, 192
Q \Roman, 72
\qedhere, 115 \roman, 72
\qquad, 89, 199 \rotboxpages, 83
\quad, 70, 89, 199 \rowcolor, 156
quatation, 130 \Rsh, 193
quote, 130 \rtimes, 190
\rule, 128
R \rVert, 194
\raggedend, 92 \rvert, 194
\raggedleft, 90
\RaggedRight, 90, 94 S
\raggedright, 90 \S, 32, 125
\rangle, 194 \saveFN, 139
\rceil, 194 \scene, 237
\Re, 186, 187 \scriptscriptstyle, 47
\real, 76 \scriptsize, 37
\recorder, 124 \scriptstyle, 47
\ref, 43, 73, 137, 144, 204, 251 \scshape, 36
\refstepcounter, 73 \searrow, 193
\renewcommand, 74 section, 112
\renewenvironment, 75 \section, 30, 98, 133, 135, 164
\REPEAT, 214 \section*, 42
\REQUIRE, 214 \sectionref, 251
\RETURN, 215 \see, 176
\reversemarginpar, 141 \selectlanguage, 122
\rfloor, 194 semiverbatim, 116
\RHD, 191 \setcounter, 75, 135
\rhd, 190, 191 \setlength, 69, 70, 75, 130
\rho, 50, 187 \setlyrics, 241, 242
\right, 54, 55 \setmarginsrb, 84
\RIGHTarrow, 124 \setmargnohfrb, 84
\Rightarrow, 193 \setmargrb, 84
\rightarrow, 193 \setminus, 190
\rightarrowtail, 193 \setnewcounter, 72
293
\setpagewiselinenumbers, 144 \spcheck, 188

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\SI, 223 \ss, 125
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singlespacing, 91 \stretchwith, 128
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slide, 108 \subparagraph, 133
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\smallskip, 91 \subseteqq, 192
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\smile, 191 \subsetneqq, 192
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\so, 127, 128 \subsubsection, 133
\sound, 119 \succ, 191
spacing, 91 \succapprox, 192
\spadesuit, 186 \succcurlyeq, 192
294
\succeq, 191 \textbraceleft, 123

\succnapprox, 192 \textbraceright, 123
\succnsim, 192 \textbrokenbar, 124
\succsim, 192 \textbullet, 123, 124
\sum, 51, 53, 186, 195 \textcent, 125
\sun, 124 \textcentoldstyle, 125
supertabular, 159 \textcircled, 126
\suppressfloats, 63 \textcircledP, 125
\Supset, 192 \textcolonmonetary, 125
\supset, 191 \textcopyleft, 125
\supseteq, 191 \textcopyright, 125
\supseteqq, 192 \textcurrency, 125
\supsetneq, 192 \textdagger, 123, 124
\supsetneqq, 192 \textdaggerdbl, 123, 124
\surd, 186 \textdblhyphen, 124
\SVN, 219 \textdblhyphenchar, 124
\SVNDate, 219 \textdegree, 190
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\SVNTime, 219 \textdiv, 190
\swarrow, 193 \textdollar, 123, 125
\switchlinenumbers, 144 \textdollaroldstyle, 125
\textdong, 125
T \textdownarrow, 124
tabbing, 150, 151 \textellipsis, 123
table, 152, 262 \textemdash, 123
\tableofcontents, 41, 112, 133, 161, 164 \textendash, 123
tabular, 137, 151153, 158, 266, 267 \textepsilon, 243
tabularx, 158 \textesh, 243
\tag, 204 \textestimated, 124
\tag*, 204 \texteuro, 125
\tau, 50, 187 \textexclamdown, 123
\tensor, 198 \textflorin, 125
\text, 48, 222, 223, 254 \textfractionsolidus, 190
\textasciicircum, 123 \textgreater, 123
\textasciitilde, 123 \textguarani, 125
\textasteriskcentered, 123, 124 \texthight, 81
\textbackslash, 123 \textinterrobang, 124
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\textbar, 123 \textipa, 243
\textbardbl, 124 \textit, 36
\textbf, 30, 36 \textLCD, 211
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\textblank, 124 \textless, 123
295
\textlira, 125 \textthreequarters, 190

\textlnot, 190 \textthreequartersemdash, 124
\textmd, 36 \textthreesuperior, 190
\textminus, 190 \texttildelow, 124
\textmusicalnote, 124 \texttimes, 190
\textnaira, 125 \texttrademark, 123, 125
\textnumero, 124 \texttt, 36
\textonehalf, 190 \texttwelveudash, 124
\textonequarter, 190 \texttwosuperior, 190
\textonesuperior, 190 \textunderscore, 123
\textopenbullet, 124 \textuparrow, 124
\textordfeminine, 123, 124 \textvisiblespace, 123, 208
\textordmasculine, 123, 124 \textwidth, 60, 69, 81, 166
\textparagraph, 123, 124 \textwon, 125
\textperiodcentered, 123, 124 \textyen, 125
\textpertenthousand, 124 \tg, 54
\textperthousand, 124 \th, 54
\textpeso, 125 \thanks, 41
\textpilcrow, 124 \the, 70, 72, 73
\textpm, 190 thebibliography, 168170, 274, 275
\textprimstress, 243 \theendnotes, 140
\textquestiondown, 123 \theequation, 205
\textquotedblleft, 123 theorem, 107, 115, 116, 137, 255
\textquotedblright, 123 \therefore, 192
\textquoteleft, 123 \Theta, 50, 187
\textquoteright, 123 \theta, 50, 187
\textquotesingle, 124 \thickapprox, 192
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\textquotestraightdblbase, 124 \thickspace, 199
\textrecipe, 124 \thispagestyle, 86
\textreferencemark, 124 \tilde, 51, 188
\textregistered, 123, 125 \times, 51, 190
\textrightarrow, 124 \tiny, 37
\textsc, 36 \tipaencoding, 243
\textschwa, 243 \title, 41
\textsci, 243 titlepage, 40, 41, 136
\textsection, 123, 124 \to, 186
\textservicemark, 125 \today, 262
\textsf, 36 \top, 186
\textsl, 36 \topcaption, 154, 263
\textsterling, 123, 125 \topmargin, 81
\textstyle, 47, 196 \totalheight, 129
\textsurd, 190 \triangle, 51, 186
296
\triangledown, 187 \uplambda, 188

\triangleleft, 190 \uplus, 190
\trianglelefteq, 193 \upmu, 188
\triangleq, 193 \upnu, 188
\triangleright, 190 \Upomega, 188
\trianglerighteq, 193 \upomega, 188
\twocolumn, 92 \Upphi, 188
\twoheadleftarrow, 194 \upphi, 188
\twoheadrightarrow, 194 \Uppi, 188
\uppi, 188
U
\Uppsi, 188
\ul, 127
\uppsi, 188
\ulcorner, 194
\uncover, 115, 116 \uprho, 188
\underarc, 245, 260 \Upsigma, 188
\underbrace, 189 \upsigma, 188
\underleftarrow, 194 \Upsilon, 50, 187
\underleftrightarrow, 194 \upsilon, 50, 187
\underline, 189 \uptau, 188
\underrightarrow, 194 \Uptheta, 188
\unitlength, 131 \uptheta, 188
\unlhd, 190, 191 \upuparrows, 194
\unrhd, 190, 191 \Upupsilon, 188
\UNTILL, 214 \upupsilon, 188
\upalpha, 188 \upvarepsilon, 188
\UParrow, 124 \upvarphi, 188
\Uparrow, 193, 194 \upvarpi, 188
\uparrow, 193, 194 \upvarrho, 188
\upbeta, 188 \upvarsigma, 188
\upchi, 188 \upvartheta, 188
\Updelta, 188
\Upxi, 188
\updelta, 188
\upxi, 188
\Updownarrow, 193, 194
\upzeta, 188
\updownarrow, 193, 194
\upepsilon, 188 \urcorner, 194
\upeta, 188 \url, 141143
\Upgamma, 188 \usecolortheme, 118
\upgamma, 188 \useFN, 139
\upharpoonleft, 194 \usefonttheme, 118
\upharpoonright, 194 \useinnertheme, 118
\upiota, 188 \useoutertheme, 118
\upkappa, 188 \usepackage, 26, 32, 34
\Uplambda, 188 \usetheme, 118
297
V \vin, 236
\value, 76 \visible, 116
\varangle, 187 Vmatrix, 197
\varepsilon, 50, 187 vmatrix, 197
\varhexstar, 124 \voffset, 81
\varkappa, 50, 187 \vphantom, 200
\varnothing, 51, 187 \vspace, 91
\varphi, 50, 187 \vspace*, 91
\varpi, 187 \Vvdash, 192
\varpropto, 192
\varrho, 187 W
\varsigma, 187 \wasylozenge, 124
\varsubsetneq, 192 \wasypropto, 193
\varsubsetneqq, 192 \wasytherefore, 187
\varsupsetneq, 192 \wedge, 190
\varsupsetneqq, 192 \WHILE, 214
\vartheta, 187 \whiledo, 77, 277
\vartriangle, 187 \widehat, 188
\vartriangleleft, 193 \widetilde, 188
\vartriangleright, 193 \width, 128, 129
\Vdash, 192 \widthof, 75
\vDash, 192 \wordbox, 213
\vdash, 191 \wordgroupr, 213
\vdots, 189 \wp, 186
\vec, 51, 188 \wr, 190
\vee, 190 wrapfigure, 65, 66
\veebar, 191 X
\verb, 142, 208, 210 \XBox, 124
\verb*, 208 \xcancel, 189, 255
verbatim, 208 \Xi, 50, 187
verbatim*, 208 \xi, 50, 187
\verbatiminput, 208 \xleftarrow, 194
\verbatiminput*, 208 \xrightarrow, 194
verse, 235, 236 \xspace, 73
\versewidth, 236 xtab, 160
versionhistory, 217 xtabular, 159
\vfil, 91
\vfill, 91 Z
\vhantom, 200 \zeta, 50, 186, 187
\vhCurrentDate, 218
\vhCurrentVersion, 218
\vhEntry, 217
\vhListAllAuthorsLong, 218

A amsmath, 45, 47, 48, 137, 185, 188, 189,
a0poster, 104, 271 195, 198200, 202204, 254
aaai, 272 256
aaai-named, 272 amsopn, 254
aastex, 272 amsproc, 100, 273
abc, 260 amsrefs, 274
abstbook, 272 amssymb, 50, 51, 125, 185187, 190
194, 255
abstract, 251
amstext, 48, 254
accents, 255
amsthm, 255
acm, 272
amsxtra, 188
acmconf, 272 answers, 259
acronym, 277 anttor, 126, 248
active-conf, 272 apa, 273
adami, 248 apacite, 273
adrconv, 270 apalike, 273
adrlist, 270 appendix, 250
advdate, 262 arabicfront, 255
afterpackage, 278 arabtex, 248
afterpage, 63, 267 arcs, 245, 260
aguplus, 272 armtex, 248
aiaa-tc, 272 arosgn, 248
akletter, 101, 270 array, 153, 159, 198, 266
algorithm2e, 215, 257 arrayjob, 276
algorithmic, 214, 257 article, 33, 41, 42, 81, 83, 98, 141, 269
artikel1, 100, 269
algorithmicx, 215, 257
artikel2, 100, 269
algorithms, 214, 215, 257
artikel3, 100, 269
alltt, 250
arydshln, 155, 266
alnumsec, 250 asaetr, 104, 273
altt, 208 ascelike, 273
amsart, 100, 273 ascii, 257
amsbook, 100, 273 askinclude, 146, 253
amsbsy, 254 assignment, 106, 259
amscd, 198, 199, 255 astro, 257
amsfonts, 50, 185, 188, 255 attachfile2, 277
299
aurora, 264 braille, 248

authblk, 251 braket, 221, 257
authorindex, 274 breakcites, 169, 274
breakurl, 142, 252
B breqn, 255
babel, 32, 33, 39, 40, 48, 54, 121123, brief, 100, 101, 269
132, 248, 260, 274 burmese, 248
babelbib, 274 bytefield, 212, 257
backgammon, 261
backref, 274 C
balance, 92, 268 calc, 7577, 83, 276
balanced, 93 calendar, 262
balancedquotes, 250 calxxxx, 262
bangtex, 248 camel, 274
bardiag, 264 cancel, 189, 255
basix, 257 capt-of, 263
beamer, 104, 111116, 118, 119, 205, captcont, 263
271 caption, 66, 263
beletter, 270 carlisle, 252, 254, 258, 266, 267
bez123, 264 cases, 203, 255
bezos, 255 cbcoptic, 260
bibcheck, 274 ccaption, 66, 263
bibtopic, 274 cchess, 261
bibunits, 274 cd, 106, 261
bigdelim, 266 cd-cover, 261
bigstrut, 266 cdpbundl, 101, 270
binhex, 276 cellspace, 155, 266
biocon, 259 changebar, 141, 252
bizcard, 262 chappg, 250
blindtext, 278 chapterbib, 275
blkarray, 266 chapterfolder, 254
bmpsize, 264 checkend, 255
boek, 100, 269 chemarr, 258
boek3, 100, 269 chemarrow, 258
boites, 252 chemcompounds, 258
book, 33, 41, 42, 81, 83, 98, 102, 135, chemcono, 258
269, 270 chemtex, 231, 258
booklet, 87, 268 chess, 261
booktabs, 153, 266 china2e, 262
bophook, 145, 264 chngcntr, 72, 276
boxedminipage, 252 chngpage, 268
boxhandler, 252, 262 circ, 226, 228, 257
bpchem, 258 cite, 275
300
citehack, 169, 248, 275 curves, 264

citeref, 275 custom-bib, 275
cjk, 248 cuted, 92, 93, 269
clefval, 276 cv, 272
clock, 262 cwpuzzle, 261
clrscode, 215, 257 cyrillic, 248
cm-super, 110, 126, 248
cmap, 252 D
cmastro, 257 dashbox, 252
codep, 257 dashrule, 128, 249
color, 211, 264 datetime, 262
colorinfo, 264 dblfloatfix, 269
colortbl, 156, 266 dblfnote, 251
combine, 104, 253, 273 dcolumn, 157, 158, 266
commath, 195, 255 dcounter, 276
comment, 249 dcpic, 255
compactbib, 169, 275 delarray, 266
complexity, 255 deleq, 204, 255
computational-complexity, 273 desclist, 132, 249
ConcProg, 106, 261 devanagari, 248
concrete, 126, 196, 248 diagnose, 278
contour, 249 dialogl, 278
cooking, 261 dice, 261
coolstr, 277 dichokey, 259
cooltooltips, 252 dinbrief, 270
coordsys, 264 directory, 270
courseoutline, 106, 259 disser, 105, 271
coursepaper, 106, 259 dnaseq, 259
CoverPage, 251 doc, 278
covington, 260 docstrip, 278
crop, 254 doipubmed, 275
crossreference, 251 dotlessi, 255
crosswrd, 261 dpfloat, 65, 262
cryst, 258 draftcopy, 144, 253
csquotes, 250 draftwatermark, 144, 145, 253
csvtools, 158, 267 dramatist, 260
ctable, 159, 267 drftcite, 275
ctib4tex, 248
cuisine, 261 E
currvita, 105, 272 easy, 255
cursor, 257 easybib, 255
curve, 105, 272 easybmat, 255
curve2e, 264 easyeqn, 255
301
easymat, 255 europecv, 105, 272

easytabl, 255 eurosym, 125
easyvector, 255 everypage, 267
ebezier, 265 exam, 259
ebsthesis, 272 examdesign, 259
eCards, 259 examplep, 257
ecltree, 265 excludeonly, 146, 254
edmac, 260 exercise, 259
ednotes, 260 expdlist, 250
eepic, 265 export, 278
egameps, 255 extarrows, 256
elsart, 104, 273 extarticle, 99, 270
embedfile, 277 extbook, 99, 270
empheq, 203, 255 extdash, 248
endfloat, 64, 263 extletter, 99, 270
endheads, 252 extpfeil, 256
endnotes, 140, 252 extproc, 99, 270
engord, 276 extract, 278
engpron, 260 extreport, 99, 270
engrec, 249 extsizes, 99, 270
enthiop, 248
enumerate, 249 F
enumitem, 249 facsimile, 270
envlab, 270 faktor, 256
epic, 265 fancybox, 253
epigraph, 130, 250 fancyhdr, 86, 166, 167, 270, 274
epsdice, 261 fancyvrb, 208, 250
epstopdf, 264 fax, 270
eqlist, 132, 250 feyn, 224, 257
eqname, 255 feynmf, 224, 226, 258
eqparbox, 252 feynmp, 224, 225
esdiff, 196, 255 figcaps, 263
esindex, 255 figsize, 65, 264
eskd, 101 filecontents, 278
eskdbtab, 101, 270 fink, 277
eskdgraph, 101, 270 fixfoot, 251
eskdtext, 101, 270 fixltx2e, 92, 254, 269
eskdx, 33, 101, 248, 270 fixmath, 187, 257
eso-pic, 145, 264 fixme, 143, 253
esvect, 255 flagderiv, 256
etaremune, 250 flashcards, 106, 259
euler, 126, 196, 248 float, 62, 262
eulervm, 256 floatflt, 65, 262
302
floatpag, 269 hepparticles, 224, 258

floatraw, 62, 262 hepthesis, 272
fltpoint, 276 hhline, 155, 266
flushend, 92, 93, 269 hhline.pdf, 155
fmtcount, 276 hhtensor, 256
fncychap, 250 hierotex, 243
fnpos, 251 hilowres, 264
fontenc, 48, 247 histogr, 265
footbib, 275 hitec, 103, 271
footmisc, 139, 251 hvfloat, 263
footnpag, 251 hyperref, 110, 111, 142, 144, 181, 252,
formlett, 270 274
fp, 276
ftnright, 92, 93, 251 I
fullpage, 268 iagproc, 273
icomma, 249, 257
G IEEEtran, 273
g-brief, 270 ifdraft, 276
gatech-thesis, 272 ifmslide, 271
gauss, 256 ifmtarg, 276
gensymb, 257 ifpdf, 277
geometry, 83, 85, 268, 270 ifthen, 76, 77, 277
gloss, 181, 275 import, 254
gost, 172, 248 indentfirst, 32, 123, 248
gost2003, 174 index, 275
gost2003s, 174 inputenc, 32, 34, 167, 247, 248
gost2008, 171, 174 interactiveworkbook, 259
gost2008s, 174 iso, 102, 270
gost71u, 248 iso10303, 102, 270
gost780u, 248 isodate, 262
graphics, 60 isostds, 270
graphicx, 60, 61, 264 isotope, 226, 258
guitar, 238, 239, 261 itrans, 248
gurmukhi, 248
J
H jpsj2, 104, 273
hanging, 249
harvard, 275 K
hc, 269 karnaugh, 256
hcart, 269 keystroke, 257
hcletter, 269 keyval, 60, 83, 277
hcreport, 269 KOMA-Script, 33, 8385, 100102, 165,
hcslides, 269 268271
303
L mboxfill, 128, 249

labbook, 106, 259 mcaption, 67, 263
labelcas, 277 memoir, 102, 270
labels, 262 method, 257
lastpage, 251 mh, 203, 255
layout, 80, 268 mhchem, 230, 258
lcd, 211, 257 mhequ, 255
leaflet, 273 microtype, 89, 267
ledmac, 260 midfloat, 269
ledpar, 260 minimal, 98, 270
letter, 81, 83, 98, 100, 269, 270 miniplot, 65, 263
lettre, 270 minitoc, 165, 274
lexikon, 260 misccorr, 32, 123, 248
lh, 34, 126, 157, 248, 281 moderncv, 105, 272
lineno, 143, 249 montex, 248
linguex, 260 morderncv, 105
lipsum, 278 moreverb, 250
listings, 208210, 257 morse, 254
listliketab, 161, 267 movie15, 110
longtable, 159, 267 mparhack, 141, 252
lscape, 82, 267, 268 msg, 278
lstlistings, 116 mtn, 104, 273
ltxmisc, 72, 140, 146, 169, 203, 221, multenum, 250
262, 274, 276 multibbl, 275
ltxtable, 267 multibib, 275
multicol, 9294, 269
M multido, 277
mailing, 270 multimedia, 119
makecell, 157, 266 multirow, 155, 156, 266
makecirc, 228 multitoc, 274
makecmds, 277 musictex, 239, 261
makedtx, 278 musixlyr, 241, 261
makeglos, 180, 181, 275 musixtex, 239241, 261
makeidx, 174, 176, 275 muthesis, 272
malayalam, 248 mylatex, 254
manjutex, 248 mysixlyr, 242
manual, 103 mysixtex, 242
manyfoot, 251
marginal, 269 N
marginnote, 141, 252 nassflow, 103
mathtext, 48, 248 natbib, 275
mathtools, 255 nath, 256
maybemath, 256 nature, 104, 273
304
ncc, 34, 83, 100, 269 P

nccboxes, 253 pagenote, 140, 252
ncccomma, 49, 249 pagesel, 254
ncccropmark, 254 papertex, 98, 273
nccfancyhdr, 167, 274 paralist, 37, 133, 250
nccfloats, 66, 262 parallel, 94, 269
nccfoots, 139, 251 parcolumns, 269
ncclatex, 83, 269 parrun, 260
nccmath, 47, 203 pb-diagram, 162, 256
nccparskip, 268 pdfcrypt, 252
nccpic, 264 pdflatex, 264
nccproc, 273 pdflscape, 82, 268
nccrules, 128, 249 pdfpages, 86, 253, 268
nccsect, 250 pdfscreen, 268
nccstretch, 128, 249 pdfslide, 271
nccthm, 206, 256 pdfsync, 253
ncctools, 66, 128, 132, 139, 145, 167, pdftricks, 265
206, 248251, 253, 254, 256, pecha, 106, 248
262, 264, 268, 274, 276, 278 perltex, 276
nctools, 49, 249 pfnote, 251
newfile, 278 pgf, 87, 118, 265, 268
newlfm, 101, 270 pgfpages, 87, 118, 268
nomencl, 182, 275 phonetic, 260
notoccite, 275 photo, 263
nrc, 273 picinpar, 263
nrc1, 273 pict2e, 264, 265
nrc2, 273 pittetd, 272
ntgclass, 100, 101, 269 placeins, 64, 263
ntheorem, 255 plain, 174
numprint, 157, 158, 266 plari, 260
plates, 263
O play, 260
oberdiek, 252, 254, 258, 264, 266, 268, poemscol, 260
276, 277 portland, 82, 267
ocherokee, 248 powerdot, 104, 271
octavo, 102, 270 powersem, 103, 271
oinuit, 248 ppower4, 271
onlyamsmath, 256 ppr-prv, 103, 271
optional, 146, 147, 278 prelim2e, 253
optparams, 277 preprint, 92, 251, 263, 268, 276
osmanian, 248 prettyref, 138, 251
othello, 262 probsoln, 259
overcite, 275 proc, 98, 269
305
processkv, 277 Q
progress, 253 qcm, 106, 259
prosper, 103, 271 qobitree, 256
pscyr, 102 quotchap, 250
pseudocode, 216, 257
psgo, 262 R
pst-3d, 265 r-und-s, 258
pst-3dplot, 256 ragged2e, 90, 249
pst-bar, 256 rapport1, 100, 269
pst-barcode, 265 rapport3, 100, 269
pst-blur, 265 rccol, 158, 266
pst-circ, 228, 258 rcs, 218, 253
pst-coil, 265 rcsinfo, 218, 253
pst-dbicons, 257 refart, 271
pst-eps, 265 refcheck, 251
pst-eucl, 256 refcount, 276
pst-fill, 265 refman, 271
pst-fr3d, 253 refrep, 271
pst-func, 256 report, 33, 42, 81, 83, 98, 102, 269, 271
pst-geo, 265 revtex4, 33, 104, 273
pst-gr3d, 265 rmpage, 268
pst-grad, 265 robustcommand, 277
pst-infixplot, 265 robustindex, 275
pst-labo, 229, 258 rotating, 264
pst-lens, 265 rotfloat, 262
pst-light3d, 265 rotpages, 82, 268
pst-math, 265 rsphrase, 231
pst-node, 265 rst, 260
pst-optic, 228, 258
pst-osci, 228, 258 S
pst-pdf, 265 sanskrit, 248
pst-pdgr, 259 sauerj, 269, 276, 277
pst-plot, 265 savefnmark, 139, 251
pst-poly, 265 savetrees, 268
pst-slpe, 265 scalebar, 265
pst-text, 265 sciposter, 104, 271
pst-tree, 260, 265 scrartcl, 33, 42, 83, 84, 100, 269
pst-uml, 257 scrbook, 33, 42, 83, 84, 100, 102, 135,
pst-vue3d, 265 269, 270
pst-xkey, 265 scrlettr, 83
PSTricks, 228, 229 scrlttr2, 100, 101, 269, 270
pstricks, 255, 258, 260, 265 scrreprt, 33, 83, 100, 102, 269, 271
ptptex, 273 sectionbox, 250
306
semantic, 257 svn-multi, 253

seminar, 103, 108, 271 svninfo, 219, 253
setspace, 91, 268 svnkw, 253
sffms, 102, 103, 270 synttree, 260
shadow, 129, 253
shapepar, 249 T
shorttoc, 164, 274 t-angles, 256
showkeys, 138, 251 t2, 48, 123, 248, 275
sibjnm, 104, 273 table, 159
sidecap, 263 tableaux, 162, 256
sides, 103, 260 tabular, 153, 159, 266
siggraph, 273 tabularht, 266
sinhala, 248 tabularx, 158, 267
SIstyle, 223, 258 tabulary, 159, 267
SIunits, 223, 258 tabvar, 162, 256
skak, 261 talk, 104, 271
skaknew, 261 technics, 167, 168, 274
slashbox, 156, 266 telugu, 248
slashed, 258 tensind, 255
slides, 82, 98, 103, 108, 111, 269, 271 tensor, 198, 256
smfart, 273 teubner, 260
smfbook, 273 texmate, 261
snapshot, 253 texpower, 103, 271
sobolev, 256 texshade, 233, 259
songbook, 261 textcomp, 124126, 190
soul, 127, 249 textopo, 259
spie, 273 ticket, 262
splitidx, 177 timing, 258
splitindex, 275 tipa, 243, 260
srcltx, 253 titlesec, 250
sseq, 256 titletoc, 250
stage, 106, 236, 237, 260 titling, 251
stdclsdv, 277 tocbibind, 165, 274
stdpage, 268 tocloft, 164, 274
stfloats, 269 tocvsec2, 274
sttools, 92, 269 tokenizer, 77, 277
subeqn, 256 toolbox, 277
subfig, 65, 263 tools, 75, 92, 153, 155, 157159, 208,
subfloat, 263 251, 266, 267, 269
sublabel, 276 topcapt, 154, 263
sudoku, 262 totpages, 254
supertabular, 159, 267 truncate, 249
svn, 218, 253 twoopt, 277
307
twoup, 87, 268 watermark, 145, 264

typearea, 8385, 268 weekday, 262
typedref, 251 wordlike, 254
typehtml, 252 wrapfig, 65, 263
typogrid, 85, 268
X
U xcolor, 264
uaclasses, 272 xdoc, 278
ucs, 248 xifthen, 76, 77, 277
ucthesis, 105, 272 xkey, 265
uiucthesis, 272 xkeyval, 277
ulem, 249 xr, 137, 251
umich-thesis, 272 xspace, 73
umoline, 249 xtab, 159, 160, 267
underscore, 249 xymtex, 231, 258
units, 223, 258 xypic, 199, 265
unitsdef, 223, 258 xytree, 260
unsrt, 275
upgreek, 187, 188, 257 Y
url, 142, 252 yafoot, 251
uwthesis, 272 york-thesis, 272
V Z
variations, 256 zahl2string, 276
varindex, 275
varioref, 251
vector, 256
venn, 257
verbatim, 35, 116, 208, 250
verse, 236, 260
versions, 278
vhistory, 217, 218, 253
vita, 105, 272
vmargin, 83, 84, 268
vntex, 248
volumes, 254
vpe, 253
W
wallpaper, 145, 264
warpcol, 158, 266
was, 187, 249, 257
wasysym, 53, 124, 125, 187, 191, 193,
196, 257

[1] . . . TEX. . : , 2003. 560 . ISBN: 5-8459-0382-

3.
[2] . . . METAFONT. . : , 2003. 384 . ISBN: 5-
8459-0442-0.
[3] . . . . . : , 2003. 686 . ISBN: 5-
03-3361-0.
[4] . . LATEX. . : , 2000. 172 . ISBN: 5-03-
0033661-0.
[5] . , . , . . LATEX
LATEX 2 . . : , 1999. 606 . ISBN: 5-03-003325-4.
[6] . , . , . . LATEX
. . : , 2002. 621 . ISBN: 5-03-003388-
2.
[7] . , . . LATEX Web--
. . : , 2001. 604 . ISBN: 5-03-003387-4.
[8] . . . LATEX. . : , 2003.
448 . ISBN: 5-94057-091-7.
[9] . . , . . . LATEX -. : -
, 2004. 496 . ISBN: 5-87550-195-2.
[10] . . . LATEX / . . . .
: . , 2005. 398 . ISBN: 5-901548-25-6.
[11] . . . -. . : -,
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TEX

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