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Noun Verb Noun Adjective


description difference
compare evident
interact distinction
attempt various
relate inaccuracy
reference spatial
distort characteristic
explore important
analysis practical
develop science
discover significance

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 ^2AA 23 C[/ B2DD234 `M5BD M` C[/ cM51D

Noun Verb Noun Verb


appear eruption
argument collision
border explode
cause observe
change loss
conclusion destruction
erosion fertilize

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A n y sh ift in th e e a rth s c ru st e n o rm o u s d a m a g e .
E a rth q u a k e s ca u se a storm of controversy.
T h e o ry th e e a rth to tre m b le .

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@F^ _H ?< GDFG@ wAFDF FGD^Ao_GyF@ GDF >?yF>a ^C Chh_D }G<a @F^@ CB `G^G
<FF` ^C kF DFhCD`F` G<` @^_`?F` }_hA eCDF <FF`@ ^C kF `?@hCjFDF` GkC_^
wAG^ ^D?==FD@ FGD^Ao_GyF@ G<` wAG^ @?=<@ hCe?<= FGD^Ao_GyF@ =?jF
\?eF ?@ G<C^AFD HDCk>Fe Z@ aF^* jFDa Ghh_DG^F HDF`?h^?C<@ BCD @ACD^
^?eF HFD?C`@ hG<<C^ kF eG`F SF?@eC>C=?@^@ hG< @Ga ^AG^ G< FGD^Ao_GyF
?@ >?yF>a ^C @^D?yF G hFD^G?< H>GhF FjFDa  ^C
 aFGD@ \AFa hG< @Ga C<F
?@ >?yF>a ^C @^D?yF w?^A?< G aFGD T_^ ^AFa CB^F< hG<<C^ ^F>> ^AF FxGh^ ^?eF
CD FjF< ^AF FxGh^ H>GhF Zhh_DG^F FGD^Ao_GyF HDF`?h^?<= C< eCDF ^AG< G
A?^CDe?@@ kG@?@* ?@ aFGD@ GwGa
*MA@03M Q5/12@C2M3 fC>hG<?h FD_H^?C<@ GDF eCDF HDF`?h^Gk>F ^AG< ^AF
FGD^Ao_GyF@ Z>^AC_=A HDF`?h^?<= jC>hG<?h FD_H^?C<@ ?@ =F<FDG>>a

30
`?BB?h_>^* @CeF jC>hG<CF@ =?jF @?=<@ CB G BCD^AhCe?<= FD_H^?C< R<
lGwG??* BCD FxGeH>F* @CeF jC>hG<CF@ FxHG<` G<` DF>FG@F =G@F@ kFBCDF
FD_H^?<= }?<CD FGD^Ao_GyF@ G<` G D?@F ?< ^FeHFDG^_DF@ GDF G>@C FGD>a
@?=<@ }FG@_D?<= ^AF@F hAG<=F@ hG< AF>H `F^FDe?<F wAF< G< FD_H^?C< ?@
>?yF>a ^C Chh_D

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DF=?@^FD?<= GkC_^ C< ^AF [?hA^FD @hG>F @ACCy ^AF <CD^A @>CHF CB ^AF
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=DFG^ F<C_=A ^C @F<` G hC>_e< CB @^FGe G<` jC>hG<?h G@A 
* e ?<^C
^AF G?D UC >GjG FD_H^F`* k_^ ^AF k>G@^ k>Fw GwGa ^AF F<^?DF <CD^A @>CHF CB
^AF C<hF hC<F@AGHF` jC>hG<C \DFF@ ?< ^AF wGa CB ^AF k>G@^ wFDF k>Cw<
`Cw< >?yF eG^hA @^?hy@ \CDDF<^@ CB kC?>?<= e_` G<` wG^FD* ^DGjF>?<= G^
CjFD  y?>CeF^FD@ G< AC_D* B>CwF` `Cw< ^AF eC_<^G?< ?<^C ^AF \C_^>F
[?jFD G<` FjF<^_G>>a ?<^C ^AF dC>_ek?G [?jFD SFjF<^a HFCH>F `?F` CD
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G<` DG?> ^DGBB?h hGeF ^C G @^G<`@^?>> Z?DH>G<F ^DGjF> w?^A?< G DG`?_@ CB
@FjFDG> A_<`DF` e?>F@ wG@ hG<hF>F` Z hF<^?eF^FD >GaFD CB G@A
k>G<yF^F` ^AF >G<` G@ BGD GwGa G@ R`GAC SeG>>FD HGD^?h>F@ @^GaF` G>CB^ ?<
^AF G?D @_DDC_<`?<= ^AF F<^?DF FGD^A `_D?<= ^AF <Fx^
`Ga@
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BC_D eCDF k?= k>G@^@* ?^ B?<G>>a kFhGeF o_?F^ R^ AG` G `?BBFDF<^ @AGHF* G
>CwFD F>FjG^?C<* G<` _HHFD @>CHF@ ^AG^ wFDF ^C^G>>a `FjG@^G^F` F^ >?BF
kF=G< ^C DF^_D< ^C ^AF eC_<^G?< ?eeF`?G^F>a c?^A?< G wFFy* @H?`FD@
k_@?>a @H_< wFk@ Ta ^AF F<` CB ^AF @_eeFD BFD<@* C^AFD =DC_<` hCjFD@*
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YFGhF G<` o_?F^ C<hF G=G?< HDFjG?> ?< ^AF @hF<?h dG@hG`F [G<=F T_^
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^AF `F@hF<`?<= F`=F CB ^AF _G< `F n_hG H>G^F c?>> ?^ AGHHF< G=G?<
EFC>C=?@^@ BFGD ^AG^ G<C^AFD FD_H^?C< w?>> Chh_D @CeFwAFDF ?< ^AF
dG@hG`F@ ?< ^AF <FGD B_^_DF

31
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YC^G^CF@ hC<@?@^ CB GkC_^  HFD hF<^ CB wG^FD* G<` ^CeG^CF@ GkC_^ 
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wFG^AFD?<= DChy G<` BCDe?<= @C?>* G<` ?< eGy?<= C^AFD <G^_DG> DF@C_DhF@
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BFw C^AFD eG^FD?G>@ C< ^AF FGD^A AGjF \AF@F @HFh?G> o_G>?^?F@ eGyF wG^FD
G wC<`FD C< ^AF FGD^A G<` ^AF FGD^A G B?^ H>GhF C< wA?hA ^C >?jF cG^FD ?@
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G>@C G@ G =G@ G<` G@ G @C>?`

32
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^AF wG^FD ^AG^ A_eG<@ G<` G<?eG>@ `D?<y AF>H@ ^AFe ^C `?=F@^ ^AF BCC`@
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FGD^Ag@ ^C^G> wG^FD @_HH>a ?@ >ChyF` ?< ?hF hGH@ G<` =>Gh?FD@ \A?@ ?@
F<C_=A BDF@A wG^FD ^C @_HH>a FGhA HFD@C< C< FGD^A w?^A G e?>>?C< =G>>C<@
CB wG^FD FGhA aFGD \AF< wAa `C HFCH>F ^G>y GkC_^ wG^FD @ACD^G=F@
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CjFD ^AF FGD^A bG<`@ G>C<= ^AF Fo_G^CD _@_G>>a DFhF?jF eCDF ^AG<
F<C_=A DG?< T_^ >G<`@ <CD^A G<` @C_^A CB ^AF Fo_G^CD CB^F< DFhF?jF >F@@
^AG< ^AFa <FF` \AFDF GDF @CeF H>GhF@ wAFDF G `Da @FG@C< G<` G DG?<a
@FG@C< BC>>Cw FGhA C^AFD FjFDa aFGD \AFDF GDF C^AFD H>GhF@ ^AG^ GDF `Da
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^AC_@G<`@ CB e?>F@ G@ ^AF ~C_D<Fa ?@ DFHFG^F` ^?eF G<` ^?eF G=G?< Z
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33
C<F H>GhF BCD G @ACD^ ^?eF 9 G BFw AC_D@* G `Ga* CD G eC<^A R^ eGa @^Ga
BCD G aFGD* FjF< ^AC_@G<`@ CB aFGD@ T_^ FjF<^_G>>a FjFDa `DCH CB wG^FD
B?<`@ ?^@ wGa kGhy ^C ^AF @FG dC<@?`FD ^AF @^CH@ G `DCH CB wG^FD eGa ^GyF
C<hF ?^ D?@F@ BDCe ^AF @FG G@ wG^FD jGHCD* hC<`F<@F@ ?< ^AF G?D* G<` BG>>@
kGhy ^C FGD^A ?< @CeF BCDe
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>FGj?<= =GH@ ?< ^AF FGD^Ag@ hD_@^* CD @_DBGhF DChy@ AGjF @A?B^F`* k>Chy?<=
jG>>Fa@ bGyF UaG@G ?< ZBD?hG ?@ G< FxGeH>F CB G >GyF BCDeF` ka ^AF
@A?B^?<= CB ^AF FGD^Ag@ hD_@^
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^AF B>Cw CB wG^FD i<hF BCDeF`* ^AF@F >Cw H>GhF@ B?>> w?^A wG^FD BDCe
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BDCe A?=AFD H>GhF@ \AFa G>@C B?>> w?^A wG^FD BDCe _<`FD=DC_<` @HD?<=@
CD BDCe >GaFD@ CB wG^FD ^AG^ >?F kF>Cw ^AF FGD^Ag@ @_DBGhF
}C@^ CB ^AF wCD>`g@ >GyF@ GDF BDF@AwG^FD >GyF@ nDF@AwG^FD >GyF@ AGjF
@_DBGhF D?jFD@ CD _<`FD=DC_<` @^DFGe@ G<` @HD?<=@ B>Cw?<= ?<^C ^AFe \AFa
G>@C AGjF @_DBGhF @^DFGe@ G<` D?jFD@ CD _<`FD=DC_<` @^DFGe@ B>Cw?<= C_^ CB
^AFe Z BFw CB ^AF wCD>`g@ >GyF@ GDF @G>^wG^FD >GyF@ SG>^wG^FD >GyF@ AGjF
@^DFGe@ B>Cw?<= ?<^C ^AFe T_^ ^AFa AGjF <C @^DFGe@ B>Cw?<= C_^ bGyF@
^AG^ AGjF <C C_^>F^ @^DFGe@ hG<<C^ DF<Fw ^AFe@F>jF@ Z@ wG^FD FjGHCDG^F@*
^AF@F >GyF@ k_?>` _H G AFGja @G>^ hC<^F<^ ?< ^AF?D wG^FD
SCeF ?<>G<` @FG@ GDF DFG>>a @G>^wG^FD >GyF@ TFhG_@F ^AFa GDF
@_DDC_<`F` C< G>> @?`F@ ka >G<`* ^AF dG@H?G< SFG* ^AF mFG` SFG* G<` ^AF
ZDG> SFG GDF DFG>>a >GyF@ \AFa GDF hG>>F` @FG@ C<>a kFhG_@F ^AF?D wG^FD ?@
@G>^a \AF mFG` SFG* ^AF >CwF@^ @_DBGhF >GyF ?< ^AF wCD>`* ?@ <FGD>a   e
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>GyF wGDe ^AF >G<`
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@_eeFD ACeF@ GDC_<` ^AFe bGyF@ G>@C @FDjF G@ ^DG<@HCD^G^?C< DC_^F@
nCD FxGeH>F* G>C<= w?^A ^AF S^ bGwDF<hF [?jFD* ^AF EDFG^ bGyF@ BCDe
G< ?eHCD^G<^ ?<>G<` wG^FDwGa ?< ^AF ]<?^F` S^G^F@
\AF BDF@AwG^FD >GyF@ CB ^AF wCD>` AGjF C^AFD _@F@ bGyF@ HDCj?`F
wG^FD BCD `D?<y?<= G<` ACeF _@F* BCD ?DD?=G^?C<* G<` BCD ?<`_@^D?G>
H_DHC@F@ YFCH>F >?j?<= ?< ^AF GDFG GDC_<` bGyF \?^?hGhG FjF< AGDjF@^ ^AF
DFF`@ =DCw?<= ?< ^AF >GyF G<` _@F ^AFe ^C eGyF kCG^@

34
W/CA031D cF^>G<`@ GDF @AG>>Cw H>GhF@ ?< ^AF >G<` wAFDF wG^FD
hC>>Fh^@* CD @^G<`@* F?^AFD G>> aFGD >C<= CD BCD C<>a HGD^ CB G aFGD cF^>G<`@
GDF CB^F< BC_<` G>C<= ^AF F`=F@ CB C^AFD wG^FD kC`?F@ cAFDF wF^>G<`@
>?F <FGD ^AF F`=F@ CB ChFG<@ G<` @FG@* ^AF?D wG^FD ?@ @G>^a
TC^A @G>^wG^FD G<` BDF@AwG^FD wF^>G<`@ H>Ga G< ?eHCD^G<^ DC>F ?<
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is; dissolves; an important role in weathering rock; as rain;


has; reshapes; everywhere; heat even as it freezes; the crust of
lies; collects; the earth; in rivers; over three fourths of the
Water
covers; plays; e a rth s su rfa c e ; d iffe re n t m a te ria ls;
flows; falls; underground; some special qualities; in deep
releases a n d sh a llo w p la c e s

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Animals take of 80 per cent of water.


Potatoes consist in dissolved materials.
City dwellers depend on wetlands.
All living things dispose waste.

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