ASEG-Perth
9th June 2010
1
Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Shell Sponsorship
CSIRO
2
; CSEM,
EM IP
CO2
,
!
3
1.
2.
3. DC
4.
:
5.
4
:
:
:
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r = /0
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5
1.
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E H
H eE e JT E 0
t t
, =0
E 2E
E e 0
2
e 0 2
i
t t : t
k 2 [ 2 i ]
e 0 0 e
k i 1/ 2 /
Ward & Hohmann in Nabighian 1987. Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics, SEG
Guegen, Y. & Palciauskas, V. 1998. Introduction to the Physics of Rocks. Princeton.
7
k 2 [ 0 2 i0]
>> <<
EM-
:
2
2
0
0
8
:
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* i
E
JT *
t d
i JT [ e ie ]E
t
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2.
10
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,
,
()
(, )
1.
2.
(),
(Sw)
3.
( )
4. m n
11
0
0 1 s
F
0 1 1
w F F
w
12
?
13
: E
,
.
:
,
,
14
:
sc
(Maxwell - Wagner)
at ~1 GHz
A
3 4 5 6 7
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
8 9
10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 10 16
()
V.H.F
15
After von Hippel 1958
1
:
r ~4-4.5
r ~5-6
r ~3-4
r ~1
r ~80
r ~4.5
r ~10
16
-
1 2 :
E 5 3L
1 2 m
3(1L2 )
E: :
1
2
L= 1/3 L> 1/3 L< 1/3
17
-
-
,
(high CEC)
:
18
Goncalves & Tremosa JCIS 2010
-:
,
-
+
+ -
+ -
+
+ -
+ - -
19
Matthew Josh CSIRO
:
-
,
-: ,
,
,
(
- )
:
(
103 106 109 1012 1015
)
-LFDD Maxwell-W
-3 0 3 6 9 12 +15
Log f Hz
20
(~ 100 )
: r <4 to ~10
,
r ~10-30
- - r ~10
r ~10-100
r ~100-1000
r >1000
21
3.
22
< 1 ~100
Z
,
,
Z Z
Rp
Cp,
R
r
*Rp Cp ,
;
Rs Cs
23
Matthew Josh CSIRO
:
24
Clennell & Lima, UFBa
?
25
4.
27
Lionel Esteban, CSIRO
: 2
178
tan1 Z
Z
23
CSIRO
28
: 4
CSIRO
100 , ...
29
30
31
LF
Brine
conductivity
S/m
2 S/m,
~ 5 .%
107.90 2.53
92.26
CSIRO
- 10034
!
cf. Merriam 2007, Zhdanov 2008 both in Geophysics
LFDD
( IP)
,
( <3 ):
LFDD ,
, ,
.
...
35
10
-
:
/
... . .
1
36
~30 kHz to ~6 GHz
S11, S12,
Agilent
r
conductivity e
* i e 0
37
(
, )
f <10 !
CSIRO
38
300 1.0E+06
250 1.0E+05
200 1.0E+04
E '
E "
150 1.0E+03
100 1.0E+02
50 1.0E+01
0 1.0E+00
1.00E+05 1.00E+06 1.00E+07 1.00E+08
()
39
Matthew Josh CSIRO
North Sea
Shale Core, Samples S series
Good Surface Probe Data
90 S2_BTR_av_e' S4 _wm_4 e' S5_BT_av_e' 1.2
1.0
70
- (S/m)
0.9
60
0.8
50
0.7
40
0.6
30
0.5
20 0.4
10 0.3
1.0E+07 1.0E+08 1.0E+09
()
40
CSIRO- IPETS Project
: ,
(e')
100
Lancer 166 e' Lancer 603green e'
90
Lancer 603red e' N Sea 5 e'
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.0E+07 1.0E+08 1.0E+09
()
41
CSIRO IPETS Project
1
,
, CRIM Hanai-Bruggeman
1
-
-,
( )
-
(1 ),
-
1MHz 1GHz MW DL
42
See Myers 1991, SPWLA
43
UFBa
: ,
-, ,
: MW ,
LFDD,
m.
: ,
:
100 , MW 500 1
()?
: 1
- 1 , LFDD,
CEC
: IP -
1
44
4 el r
-3 0 3 6 9 12
Log of frequency (Hz)
45
CSIRO Petrophysics Lab
4.
,
,
,
46
<1
48
Page and Benefield SPE 78341
f ~10-100
49
EM
f > 100 , (
)
,
,
Rx1 & 2 2
e
0
2 2
e 2
0
50
LWD (2 ):
,
(,
)
16, 40 , 1980-
(EPT):
1,1 , -
(DPT):
200
51
20-1
Schlumberger
Dielectric Scanner
52
Hizem et al. SPE 116130
,
MT MCSEM TDEM/FDEM GPR
-3 0 3 6 9 12 +15
Log f Hz
53
EM
,
, ,
.
(, )
(VOI !)
( )
.
54
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