Mpoaemapu scex cmpan, coedunadt MACCOBBIN EMEMECAYHBIA HYPHAN OBLUECTBA KCTOPUKOB-MAPKCKCTOB MPH HKOMAKAZEMMM LH C PEAAKLMA: CTPACTHOM BYAbBAP, 11, TEN. 3-01-48 HS/ATEMb: H{YPTASOB'EAMHEHME («Or EM. APOCJIABCKHH YYEHME JIEHMHA O BOMHE Onkoi v3 BarkHeHmmx cocTaBHBIx YacTei NeHHHMSMa ABNAeTCA TaKTHKAa ‘HM CTpaTerua pa6oyero KNacca B MepHoq BOHHH, FeHvanbHO paspa6oTaHHHe B. H. Jlenuusim. Jlewu nepexun uenbit pan Bok. Camo co6oH pasymeetcs, yT0 HMeHHO mo Bonpocy o BokHe JleHHH NOMKeH GLU BCKPRITh BCIO 6ypMKyasHyO JOKb O Bolive Tak 2Ke, Kak OH ZOMKEH OLIN BCKPLITS GecnoulanHO ONNOpTyHUaM MeHb- WeBHKOB BCAKOrO poga, MeNKOOYpKYAaSHLIX COUMANHCTOR MW WeMOKpaTOB, BBI- cTyMawulnx OT uMeHH pa6ouero KNacCa UNA Toro, 4¥TO6M Mpemats pabounit xMacc B MHTepecax 6ypxyasuH. Hano MMeTb B BUHAY, 4TO HH OHO H3 ABNEHHA ‘CouManbuoro xXapakTepa Tak He 3aTYMaHeHO BCAKOrO powa XHTPOCNNeTeHHLIMA TEOpHAMH, OMpaBALIBAIOMMH XMILHHYECKHe MHTEpechl BOIOIOWIMX CTOPOH, Kak BOHHa HMMepHancTHyecKHX rocynapcTs. HyHO UBHHYTb MaCCLI, HY)KHO 4TO6LI MaCCEI B TeYeHHE WeNbIX MCCHLUCB, TOMOB BLIHOCHIM HEBEPOATHHE JHILe- HMA, CTpallaHua, Tepnenu pasopeHve, MHPHNHCb C rH6esbO MHAMHOHOB YeNO- BeYyeCKUX KHSHE, C uCTpeOMeHHeEM MHIMOHOB pa6oywx H KpecTbaAH. Ona 9TOTO FOCNONCTBYWWKE KMACCH MOMKHH OLIIH NYCTHTb B XO BCe Npy2KHHEI, HayMHad OT MpHHYAUTeM_HOH CHIBI TOCyMapcTBeHHOrO anMapaTa M KOHYas MEATENbHOCTIO PENMTHOSHLIX OpraHksalluii Hu COUMaNMCTHYeCKMX NapTHi. Benuyahweh sacnyrof JlenwHa apmAetcs TO, 4TO OH elle B MepHog pyc- CKO-ANOHCKOH BOMHI MOCTaBHA BoMpoc O samayax paGovero KNacca NO OTHO- WIeHHIO K BOHE C MCKMOYHTeMbHOH ACHOCTbIO, a B MepHon KMNepHanucTHye- CKoH Bolu 1914-18 rr, JlexuH BcectoponHe paspa6oTan, Ha OCHORe yHeHHa Mapkca u Surembca o BoiiHe, BOMpoc O cTpaTeruM H TaKTHKe Mponetapvata B Mepvom uMMepuamucTHyecKol BoHHEI. Ewe 8 nepHom pyccCKo-ANOHCKOH BOMHEI MeHBUJeBHKH KoNe6anHch Mexny TOYKOH SpeHHA NopaxkeHyeCTBa H CKATHIBANHCh K HH3KOMpOGHOMY MeJIKO- 6ypxyasHomy nayubusmy c ero mosyHrom — «6opb6a 3a MHP BO 4TO 6yI TO HH cTano». ByacTHOCTH Ha aTy »Ke TlaUM@ucTCKyIO TOUKY 3peHHA CTaHOBHCA 4 Tpoukuii, MEITaouIMiicA MOKa3aTb, YTO OH He 6LI MeHBUIeBHKOM. B npotu- sBOBEC STOMY MenKOOypxXyasHOMy naynpvamy JleHHH B aHBape 1905 r., B CBASH¢ manenvem nanbienoctosHoit pyccKoH Kpenoctu Tlopr-Aptyp, npamo saseun: éfleno pyccKoli cao6ons H 6opb6H pyccKoro (H BCeMHpHOrO) mpomeTaprata 3a COUMANHSM OYEHb CHMbHO SaBVCHT OT BOCHHEIX NopaxeHuli CamMomepaBHs. Bro Neto MHOrO BHUTpano OT BOCHHOTO Kpaxa, BHYulaioUlero crpax BCeM eBpO- neHick¥M XpaHuTenaM mopsanKay. Kak 2x€ ROMHKEH OTHOCHTLCA COsHaTeNbHEI NponeTapHit K BoiHe? Ouexb MerKO TMlOMMATSCH PACCyMCeHHAM TONICTOBUCR H IPyTHX MeMKoSypmyasHEX TaWp¥CTOB 0 TOM, YT «BCHKaM BOlHA Cama TO cee HeSABHCHMO OT €€ HCTO- PMYecKOrO BHANeHAA eCTh BeNHKOe HaponHoe GencTsHe. Oua yHOoHT neCaTKA COTHM MOsONEIX mone, OHA pasopseT CeMBM YOUTHX HK HSMYYEHHEX, THAR Wx paOoTHAKOB, OH OCTaHABNMBAeT NPOMBILIMCHHY!O %KHSHb cTpaHet, BbIOpa- cuibad Ha ynuuy Were apmun Gespa6oTHLx, ona 6eccMBICNeHHO nornoulaeT MHAAHOHEI HAPORHEX exer 2, Ho moet 14 CosHaTenbHEIt pa6ounit paccMaTpHBatb BOY BHe H He- 9aBHCHMO OT €e HCTOpHYecKoro sHayeHHa? Koxeuno, Her. «[[na Hero, — nvcan Jlenuu, — He moxeT 6u1Tb aGcomoTHoro GencTENs, Kak He MOET 6bITb H a6comoTHOrO 6nara HM aGcomioTHOH HCTHHEL. OH nomKeH paccMaTPKBAaTb H ONEHHBATE SHAYeHHe BOHHLI C TOUKH SpeHHA HATepecos CBOEFO kslacca — npomerapuata, UHTepecos ero pasBHTH H OCBOGOKReHHS. OH RON- XKCH OUCHHBATE BOHHY HE NO KONMYECTBY KEPTB, a MO e€ NONMTHYECKHM Nocnen- CTBMAM; BAIL VHTepecos NHuHOCTeH, THOHYIIMX H CTPAnAwMIUX OT Hee, ROMKHBE cratb wHtepectt Knacca, H ecn waHHag BowiHa cny HT HHTepecam mponeTa- puata Kak Knacca, MponeTapHata B YenOM, ecMM oa OCBOGONMAeT ero OT YaCTH ys, naer emy CBoony Copan M pasBUTHA, TO Takam BOlHA eCTh ABNEHHe Npo- TPeccHBHOe, HesaBHCHMO OT ‘epTB HM CTpaNaHwit, KOTOPHE OHA BNeTeT 3a CO- 6010» 8. C ato TowKH spenua JlenuH Gecnomanio KpHTHKOBAN BSrnanW MeHb- WIEBHKOB,B YaCTHOCTH, TpouKoro, KOTOpBIe BEIZBHHYIM B Bowne 1904-05 rr. MO3yHT (MHP BO YTO 64 TO HH cTanon. «Mup Bo "To 6:1 To HH Ctano, — sospaxan meHpueBnkam JlenmH, — 370 SHAYHT MHP, XOTA 61 WeHOIO COXpaheHHA CaMOMepMaBHA, XOTA 641 UEHOIO TOMaBNeHMA peBoMOUNN, Takad MocTaHOBKa BOMpoca MpoTHROpeyHT Bceit NOSHUMH... CAMBIM XKHSHEHHEIM WHTepecam mpometapuata...[locne Toro Kak BOCHHOe MOTYIIECTBO CcaMonepmaBAA 610 pas6uTO, MocHe Toro Kak BCeM OCHENNeHHBIM CTanO CHO, ¥TO WapCKoe MpaBHTENECTBO He CMOMET yrKe ONpa- BHTBCA OT PasrpoMa UM SaKOHYHTE BOHHY ECM He MOGEMOHOCHO, TO XOTb ¢ ¥e- CTH}, NosyHTOM eBporelicKoH peaKuHH, eBponeficKol 6yp»xKyasHu cTaNo «up BO YTO 6H TO HH Cano», MHP C WeNbIO He MOnYCTHTb ManenHA camonepxKaBHs. Bens arnraniio sa «up Bo ¥T0 6H TO HH Crano», MpoBona B pabouux cobpannax cootserctsyiulyi pesomoumio, Mul wrpanw 6s! Ha pyKy peaKuuu, cosnaar ToT ronoc Hapona, KOTOpHI Mor GE GLITh OHH YROOHO HCNONBSORAH MpaBH- TENBCTBOM, ECNH OH Kpalisan HEOOXONUMOCTS CraceHHs CamonepHapua gacTa- Buna 681 ero TIO CBOeH HHMUMaTHBe HayaTb Neperosops O MUper. Yoke B sTHX CTATEAX JleHHHa TO NOBORY pyCCKO-ANONCKOH BoliuEL B 1905 r. MEI HaXON¥M, XOTH WB HE3aKOHYeHHOM Bune, yKasanKa JleHuHa, KaKKe BRIBOLL HOMKeH Chelate MposmeTapHi us NOpaxkeHua WapcKoro CaMoRep ABH B BOMHE. OTH BHBOREI CHIH pasBHTLI B CTpolHyio cHcTeMy, B UENCE yueHHe O BOlHE 1 BOCCTaHHH B TepHon MMNepwanucTuYecKoH BoHHH 1914-18 rr., ocoeHHO B 1917 r. Ho mbt Haxonum B HepasBepHyTOM BHNe STY Nporpammy nelicTBHR Npo- neTapuata B NepHON BOHHEI B CBASH C MopaxKeHHeM WapcKoro MpaBuTenEcTBa yxe B 1905 r. B vem 2x¢ saxmioyanach 57a mporpamma? Jlewun paccmatpysan riopa- .KeHHe Wapckoro MmpaputenbcTBa B BOMHE C ANOHHeH KaK «nO BOPOTHHA 3 Teams, edup u pearaus, co6p. cor. VIle * Tan me,RYHKT peBoOnOUMM. B untHponannod yxe Bbue cratee «Mup Hu peaxuna» JlenwH mucan: «Peakuwa ocpo6onvna CBOM pyKH H CTArHBaeT CBOX cumbt, Pesomoyua He WOmKHa ycTyNaTb eli B STOM, OHA NOMKHA CTAHYTb CBOM CHILI, HONAGA YRBOHTS SHEPrHlo HM HAaNpsKeHHOCTS CRoeH paoTEL, YTOGL Mon TOTOBHTS peuwtemsHB ynap. Peaxuua rOTOBUTCA NORaBATb BOOPyKeHHOE RBWKEHHE «63 BCAKHX rieperoBopoBy; Hapon MOMKeH Take Ges MeperoBopos pasnaBHTs peaxuHio. HeoOxonumocth Boopy2xeHHOrO HapomHOro BOCcCTaHHA POKOBLIM O6pasoM AHKTyeTCH BCell NOMUTHYECKOH NosHHeH HacTORUIero MO- MeHTa, HacylIHBMM HyMMaMM pyCCKOTO Wapowa, KNACCOBLIMH HHTepecamH nposetapuata. AnoHMH He MosBONHNH HOGATE UapCKoe morymectEo. Sta sa- naa UeNHKOM BHIMalaet Ha ROMO peBOMOUHOHHOrO Hapoa. Ero cBoGona, ero cynb6a B ero pyKax. OW HOmKeH HaHeCTH OKOHYaTenBHEIM ynap Camonep- 2aBIO, H TOMA C MHINHOHOB M MHNNHOHOB elle He POmHBIMXCA PyCCKHX HeHCTBATeNbHO CnanyT uenH>. Takum o6pasom, ellie ganomro Ao HMNepHanucTHuecKoH BoliHE 1914-18 rr. Jleuuu paseeptsimaet pesomiouMoxHyio mporpaMmy neiicreni nponetapuata B nepkon polimer. Tponetapwar nomKen Hcrionb30BaTb OGocTpeHHe COLMANBHLIX MPOTHBOPeyHA, OH NOMKEH BOCNOMbSOBATECA TEM, ITO ErO MPHSOBYT Mon pyrKbe; OH NOMKeH MONbSOBATECA ManeHWIMM OCnaémeHHeM 6ypKyasHO-MoMelIM4bero: MpaBHTeNLCTBa; OH MOUKEH OTCTAHBaTS CBOK COGCTEeHHMe samayH, OpraHu- 30BaTS MACcH Lut pesomounH. On xKenaeT nopaxeHHs OypxKyasHoMy MpaBH- TeMBCTBY CBOeH CTpaHEI HMEHHO TOTOMY, ¥TO STO NOpaKeHMe ABNAeTCA «10B0- POTHLIM YHKTOM B pesomouHy. Tiponetapwat nomKeH pocnombsosaTEca Kir wi hthyl, bp’. Paneer > he fom poy Keaaptingl nF, on pagar: : Liman, elle md an tae bath l Oa an hyping Qe Dehhanitey fade: Rigplante : Phen Gln, ele. Vp rp Mounat, nognmcan-sil Jennuaim Aeneraram prin Gonbules4Kos Ha ionoWecKylo MHTEp- HaUMOHaAbHYIO KoHpepeHuM. 8 BepHe 1915.SaTeAHHOH 6ypxyasHO-NOMeLIMYDUM TIpaBHTeMECTBOM BOMHOM nA Toro, ¥TO6H 4YRBOKTE SHEPrHlO H HaNpsyeHHOCTE CBoeH paGoTEn, YTOOH pasnaBATb peak- Wwio NYTEM BOOpyXXeHHOrO HapomHOTO BOCCTaHHA. B npensyscrauu npu6nmxenus mponerapcKo# pesomounu, nponorom # renepanbHo peneTuumeli KoTOpo 6tina pesomiouua 1905 r. c ee BHCUIeH TOU Koi — neka6pbcKum BoopyxKeHHLIM BoccTaHvem, JlenuH nucan B 1905 r.: «Bpemena vamenunnch; m ecnu B Konue XVIII ctoneTua nosyxr ppar- uyscKo# pesomouna «Boe Hapomsi— Halim 6patba, Bce THpaHE! — Ham BParv» BCTPETHN MHUIb OTMANeHHOe, Pnyxoe 3x0, TO NosyHr aBanrapna pyc- cKOH pepomouHH paGoxero Kmacca «IIponetapHH Bcex cTpax, coenMHaiTecb!» HOCHTCH 6ONpAUIMM M 60eBLIM pacKaTOM MO BCeMy KaNMTaNKCTHYeCKH pasBH- TOMY MHpy>. Hi torna xe, B 1905 r., JleHHH nonHocTbio onpenenun cBoe OTHOWeHHE K TauMHCTCKYM HOsyHTaM MEHBUIEBHKOB BCAKOTO poma, K MenKo6ypxKyasHLM OMNOPTYHHCTHYECKHM UWATAHHAM, KOTOPBIe MOBTOPHNHCh B ropaso 6onbUINX Ppasmepax # B HaHGomee OTKPOBEHHOH opMe B MAPOBYO HMNepHanHcTHYeCKyIO Boliwy. Cemuamuats. net oTnensioT Hac OT Toro BpeMeHH, KOrMa Ha OrpOMHBIX MpoctpacTBax SeMHOro wapa SIN MpHBeMeHH B MBMKEHMe rHraHTCKHe BO- OPyXHHHe CHILI DBYX UMMepPHANMCTHYECKHX KoaNMUWi MUPOBOH Bon 1914- 18 rr. Hakanyxe solint: mponetapnat Poccum mewHysica WHpoKum dpoHTom B HACTYNNCHHE Ha CBOMX KMACCOBEIX BparoB, Ha WapcKoe camonepasue. Pe- BomouwoHHan Gopb6a mponetapHata B PoccHH HakaHyHe uMmmepwanucTuye- CKOH BOHHE! MpHHHMana Bce Gonee rpaHmHOsHBle pasmepbi, BCe 6omee OcTpHT xapaktep. HakanyHe MMnepmanvcTH¥ecKoH BOWHL MEI CTOAmM neped GappH- KanHuimi 60MM B UeNOM pane MPOMBIMINeHHUX UeHTpoB. [axe HeoMOTpA Ha TO, ¥T0 BeCh rocymapcTseHHBlA annapat 6bi1 MpMBeLeH B NBMKEHHE AIA Toro, NTOGH MONRATE Ha BOHHY MaCcH, YTO6LI ONYPMAHKTE WX MaTPHOTHYECKHM IO- BHHHCTHY€CKHM YrapoM, B TeeHHe NepBbIX MeCAUEB BOHN pyccKHH npone- Tapuat He npexpatun GopE6s. TpasusbHee 6uiNo 61 CKasaTb, 470 OH He Mpe- KpaTH €€ HH Ha ORMH MeHb B MepHon HMNepHaNHCTHYECKOH BOHHEL. HO, He- COMHEHHO, M aC COB He OpraHtsallHH, PyKOBOMMBIIMe NBUKCHHEM Ha, 3AHMMACb MOHCKAMM [epCOHasbHEIX BHHOB- HMKOB STO BOHN, TOO, «KTO NepBEIt Havan», BaNyTEIBAHHeM MOHATAA «o6o- pontenbHas Bolivar. He Menee BaKHO OsIN0 NOKASATS, KAK MMe pHa nH cTHHeCKy® BOHHY, Ha¥aTyW B HHTEpecax KanuTa NHCTOB, MpeBpaTHTb B BOHHY rpaxk@anckywo B MuTe pecax nponetapHata. So npespamenve uMmepwamucrayecKol SOlHI B rpa- DKMAHCKYIO He MOTRO He ObITh CBABAHO C MOpaXcHHeM B BOMHe BOlICK TOTO ui wHOro npasutemsctea. TlopaxkeH¥eCTBO, KOTOpoe 6x0 eule Me 7 : Ze 10 Cou vier Wochea 5 A er Bibliothek der 2.1.8. L.d.S. entlehnt (Autor end Tite! angeden ) ‘ehnuagt am Pacnncxa JlenMua 8 noayyenun Hm Hs LuopuxcKo OHGAMOTEKK CouMaNSHOH aMTeparyp! Repaux nark Homepow Mypaama ,HHTepHAUHOHaN MOAOREHA™SLINBHHYTO B PyCCKO-sNoHCKylo BoliHY 1904-05 rr. JleHHLIM Kax ocHOBa MIpc- neTapcKoH TaKTHKH B MepHom UMMepHaNMCTUHeCKOH BONE, B TepHOM BOHHE MOLY KAMHTAMCTHYECKMMH FOCYAapCTBAMH, CeMaOCk WEHTPAbHbiM NyHK- TOM TAKTHKM OONDILEBUCTCKOM NapTAM B HMMepHanucraeckylo Boliny. B manu- decte Lentpansuoro komuteta napruu JlewuH nucan 5 couTa6pe 1914 r.: «ITpe- BpaleHve COBPEMeHHOM uMMepHanHcTAecKOH BOMHL B TpaxkaHcKyi BoHHY €CTb €QHHCTSCHABI MpaBHNbULIit MponetapcKMH nosyHr, yKasaHuLtli oMLITOM Kommyusl, HaMeueHunii 6azenbcKoH pesonouwe (1912 T.) H BHTeKaIOMMA va BCeX YonoBMit HMNEpHANHCTHYeECKO! BowHA MeNuy BHICOKOpasBHTLIMH 6yp- oKyagHbIMH crpanamu. Kak Om HH KagaHCb BeMHKM TpyAHOCTH TaKoro npe- BpalleHH® B TY NH HHYO MHHYTY, COMMANHCTH HHKOrMa He OTKAKYTCA OT CUCTeMATHNeCKO!, HACTOHYMBO, HeyKIOHHOM nogroToBMTenbHOH pa6oTH B 9TOM Haflpasneauu, pas poliva crana dakrom. Koxeuno, Jlewuny pce 6onzwesnctcKolt naprau nna orcraupanua STHX MO3YHTOB MPHUNIOCh NIT NpOTHB Te4YEHHA, HO BCA Mpenbi- nyllan nestenbuocts Jlenwua npHy4vna ero MmuTb NpOTHB TeYeHHA, BCE BOC- nivranne JleHHHa saKmoyanoch B TOM, TO CMY MPHUINOCh NNEITh MpOTHB Te4e- Hus: B 6ops6e c HaponHHyectsom, HB 6opE6e MpOTHB SKOHOMMCTOB H neramb- HBIX MADKCHCTOB, H B 6opL6e C MEHBUIEBHKAMM H SCepaMu B peBomoyHH 1905 r., © NHKBHMaTOpaMH B MepHOM peaKYHH M pesomiONMOHHOrO Nombema nepen BoH- noi, TIpotas Tevexwa npuuiioch nate JleHwny 4 6ombuesucTcKoH napTun HB MepHon umMepHanucTuyecKoH Bolu. He Tak merKo 6110 mogo6paTs B Ban. Eppone B nepwom rocnoncTsa BOeHHOrO WOBHHU3Ma MexKAyHapoRHyo Tpynny ToBapuulelt, ¢ KOTOPSIMH MOxXHO OHNO 6x HayaTh sTY Cops6y NPOTHB reveHua. Benuuaiuiat gacnyra OonbueBucTCKOH napTHH Bo riage c JleHHHEIM BaKMOUACTCA B TOM, YTO OHA He MOMMaNach WIOBAHUCTHYeCKOMY yrapy, TO B CaMOl TADKKOM O6CTAHOBKE, KOTMa HAC CHHTAN GHHYTOXKHO! CekTOH, KaNKOH xyuxoio, JIenun 4 ero eqMHOMBIMIeHHHKH CyMenH co6paTs B MHpoBoM pabo- eM RBHKCHHA BCe TO, YTO B HeM 6bINO XKHBOTO, PeBOMONHOHHOFO, cnocobHOrO OpraHvgayum mpomerapwata MA npometapcKol pesomouwH, Begs uMeHHo Nlewuuy puuanpeuuT sacnyra coOupaHusn STHX cun, opraxusanuux ux. Ero Henpumupumas, scem HasectHaa pes- KOCTb KO BCAKOTO pOMa OMMOPTYHHCTHYCCKHM. WATAIOWMMCA BJeMeHTAM CLIT pana rpomanHyio pomb B Rese coOupania 60nbWeBHCTCKOH NapTHH, B mene nonrorosKH III uurepHauHowana, III uWrepHaywonan ponHnca B MyKax HB orke wMtepwanucr#yeckon Bowuu. Ero 1y4iaM, TuiameHHiim Mpomaranmuctom, ero HauHHaTenem, ero HavOonee CTO#KUM opraHHsatopom sBuaeTcr JlexHH. Tleno 6:1n0 He B TOM TONEKO, ¥7O6EI OCYMHTS Bone 11 HHTepHauHoHana, SCKPLITb K1accoBbtit KapaKTep KX H3MeHSI, OKA3aTb, ¥TO OHM Cefa MpHBAsATH K Konecutue €ypxyaauu Hanonro, nascerna, Baxnelimas sanaya saKjova- acs B TOM, YTOOHI CYMeTL B HEBePOATHO TpyHO O6cTaHOBKe HMMepHaNuCTH- yeCkOH BOS) OPFAHMSOBATE MaCCH ANA CoprOu, YTOOn CO3- hath pYKOBORAIMMH wWTAab sTOH pesomoNMcHHOR GopLou. A CKONBKO GHD MeKeYMOWHEIX NISMIWiL, KOTOPHE HYXxHO 6LI10 pasobmayHTE, noKa3aTb Bec BP2q ONMOPTyHMCTHYECKHX TeYeHHH, MEHTPACTCKUX TeyeHHH, THONeH, KOTOPHIP, OTMEKEBEIBANC OT WIORHHCTO Ha CMOBax, Ha Nene HM N10- Moran, ax, wanpumep, JI. Tpouxu Victopuxy cnenyer oco6exHo BHHMaTeMbHO OTHECTHCR K TenepeuHum nonutkar Tpoukoro Nokasats, TO ero pagHornacua ¢ JlexuHum B nepHon wMMepwanvcTHyeckoH BOWS 6bIIM HUYTOKHE. 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