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Ho Sto eule He SHa4AT, yTo OHM HE MaCOBANH B CBOeH CObCTREHHO MapTAH HIM B CBOE CO6- CTBEHHOM CTpaHe Mepel CBOMMM OMMOpTyHHcTaMH, Nepen cBOeH Gyp- seyasuelt. He notomy mM yaum nac JlexwH nposepaTb pesomouvonnue naprun, TeveHHA, NHMepoB HE MO HX HeKNapalHAM H pesomoURAM, a lO HX Men aM> He acuo mu, 470 ecnu Cayukuii B caMoM meme xoTen npoBepxTb Henpumn- pumocts Jlenuta 1 GonBULeBHKOS B HX OTHOMCHHAX KX NeHTPHAMYy, OH LOMKeH ‘Onl CHeMaTh ©CHOBOM CBOE CTATHH HE OTMENbHNE MOKYMeHTH WM 2Ba-TpH JHYHEX NHCbMa, a MpoBepky OonbUleBHKOB MO HX RE MaM, NO HX HCTO- puH, MouxmeHCTBUAM? PasBe y Hac, B POCcHicKOH CouMaN-MeMoOKpa- THM, ‘He 6uNO oMnoptyHucTos, weHTpHcTos? Passe GombiesHKH He BETH PeWHTebHYIO HM HeMpHMUpHMyi0 GopEOy co BCeMH STHMM TeyeHHAMH? Paspe STH TeyeHua He OHM CBASAHEI M HNeHHO HK OpraHHSallHOHHO C opmopTryHHCTaMH M WeHTpHcTamH Ha Sanane? Passe GonbUIeBHKM He pasrpOMHMK ONNOpTYHHCTOB M WeHTPHCTOB Tak, Kak He TpoMHNa HX HH OfHa NeBast rpymna B Mupe? 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Orxouenue x CCCP, x Ox- TAOpECKOH pesoniounH, K BKII(6) apnaetca 6ykBanbHo MepHaAOM ama onpene- weH#a Bparos M py3sel MHpoBoro npomeTapuara. Bypxxyasuble M couwan-PalictckMe TeopeTHKH H HCTOpHKU BCe Gonee OMKECTOYCHHO BLICTYTaOT MPOTHB OCHOB MHaeKTHYeCKOrO MaTepHamH3Ma H OObAB- THOT MAPKCHSM ¢O6aHKPOTHBINMMCA» H ¢yCTapeBLIHM>.OHH 30ByT Kasay K Kauty,Jlaccamw, LUlseiuepy » Tt. m. Counan-pamuetas mM CouMan-HHTepBeHTH ws I] HHTepHallMoHana BEICTYNalOT MpoTHB PeBOMOUMOHHNX CKa4KOB, OObAE- jag WX ¢HCTOPHYECKUMH aHOManuaMuy. OHH OTKPHTO BLICTYNAIOT MpOTHE HH- TepHALHOHANHaMa, NPUCOeMMHAaC K PaWMCTCKMM MpHaHlBaM K WOBMHUCTHYE- cKoNy Haljwouanuamy. Oxn orpuuaiot ucropmo Kak HayKy, danecuduunpyor K usppaulaioT e€ BO HMA SaINWTH Sanay H TeKyUleH NOMHTHKH BOMKCTBYIOUIerO wMmepwanuama. Fpasie oruenewun tana Bpananepa, Jlorctona 4 mp. nepexo- mat Bee 6ouce H GoNce ABHO Ha MO3HQHH CouHaN-dallHsma. AsaHraplom KoHTppenomouvounolt 6ypxKyasaa siBnaeTcR TpOUKH3M. H MeHDWeBHCTCKOTO 610Ka, ResTeMbHOCTh Py- 6una, Cyxanopa Hp. — Bce STH H MOMOGHHe PakTH ABNAWTCA HEOMpoBepkH- MBIN ROKa3aTEMECTBOM 3TOro Mpouecca. Bypxxyaguas u c.-0. HCTOpHorpaus, TpouKucTcKaa W NpaBoonnopryHH- CTH4ecKad MeTOMONOrHA BCe eule OKASHBAIOT BIHAHHe Ha padoTy OTMeNbHLIX MCTOPHXOB-MapKCHCTOB. Bea coppemMenian o6craosKa o6ocTpeHHok KnacconoH GopE6u Tpe6yeT MaXCHManbHOA apTHHHOM OTHTENBHOCTH, pellidTenbHOrO KM cBoeBpeMeHHoro paso6naxeHHaA pasmMyHOro pola OWMO6O4HEIX YCTAHOBOK, MBOUIAX Boy Ha MeNBHHUY HaNHx sBparos, Tpe6yer ycaneHuol paspa- 60TKH WeHHHCKOrO HacnemcTza. Mexmy Tem, mameKo He BCe SaMCHeHHHe TONWTHYeCKHe MW HCTOPHYECKHe OWIM6KH TlOMBepramHch CBoeBpeMeHHON HM ray- 6oxod mapruiivok xKputTuxe. Tpapma, mpoxomuputve mucKyccu4 coSpani Gonbulok KpUTHYeCKH MaTepwam HM MponemamH YpessH4aHO WeHHy!O KPATH- Necky paGoTy, Mpeononesan Nopok NOBOTBHO SHa4UTeNbHOe ConpoTHaneHHe CO CTOPOHH OTHENBHEIX MCTOpHKOB. 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Vicrou#uKom MynpcTBOBaHHa BCeX STHX «HCTOpHKOB» THNa CmyuKoro ABNSETCA He KTO HHO, Kak ABUL KOHTppeEcniouHoHep M pexerar Kopul. B crarse «Kaytckuii w MaTepHamucTH¥eckoe MOHHMAaHHe HCTOpHHy OH yTEEp- OKNACT, YTO GIEHMHCKHH GONbULeBHSM> NpHMEIKAN K «M@PKCHCTCKCMY LeHTPHS- My» B KayecTse oco6oro TeyeHHA HECMOTpa Ha 6onbloe c HHM pasnHyne 2. B 1929 r. Kop puctasun Tesvc 0 TOM, NTO ¢B OCHOBHEIX 'epTax TecpHH MPOnOMKaeT CYLIECTBORATE nonpexKeMy OnH3KCe PORCTBO MeXKRY NEHHHCKO! M KaYTCKHaHCKOH paSHOBALHOCTEIO MapKCMCTCKOrO WeHTpHaMZ > 8, Via pexeratcKoro Ke arepa MCXOMHT M ApYras NonymApHaa Cpemu BparoB eHHHHaMA Sa pyOexXOM WieA O WOKceMOypruancTae Kak TOcTONCTEyWUIeH TeO- paw MexnyHapomHoro mponetapuata Ha faHHoM stane. Bpanmnep, Tanpreiimep THTaOTCH B HaCTosilee BpeMA HcnonbsOBaTs HMA Posst JlioKcemOypr B cBOeh GopE6e ¢ 6onbutesH3MoM H nase c ConetcKum Cowsom. Buictyrmenne T. Panexa Ha cbpaxunn O-Ba HCTOPHKOB-MapKCHCTOB C TeopHeli «MOCTad WA MAaCC OT C.-M. K KOMMYHH3MY, KaKWM SKOOL! MoryT O6bITb cefiuac Barnamt Posbt JioKcem- 6ypr, oco6exHO nonHTHYecKH BpeMHO B CBETe STHX PeHeFATCKHX NOMETOK 1 Muponos, «Kayrexuit m pesomounse, orp. 54m 56. 2 Archiv fir die Geschichte des Sozialismus, XIV, Jahrg., orp. 256. 3 Tam oxe, crp, 258 (mpumewanne 85).ucronb30Batb Posy Jioxcem6ypr, satyulenaTs ee OWMOKH H BCTABHTS Cc nomo- MuTenbHolt CTopoH ee pasxornacua c Jlenuuum u 6onbuesuxama. Monura- HeCKH BpeMHOM ABMACTCA M Upyraa TeopHa Panexa o cosqanuH Komuntepua 43 OTHERBHWX C.-M. py4eHiKor. B 9THX WeHTPHCTCKHX OWH6Kax T. Panexa, He Jo KOHUa MM CaMHM pago- Gra¥eHHLIX, MO-TPOUKUCTCKM HCKAMaeTCA MEKMYHAPOMHOe SHayeHHe GombIIe- BHSMa H WaeTCA HENPABANSHam M MONMTMYECKH BpeMHad OUEHKA POMH «eBLIX ro I] nuTepdavnonane. Bonsulesucrcxaa naprua go raze c Jlenuuum Guna enuucrsenuo% nap- que, KoTopas Besa HenpHMHpumy!o Gops6y c onnopTyHH3MOM M LeHTpHEMOM. «JleHHHH3M pomHIcA, BLIPOC H OKPeN B GectiomjanHOd 6opE6e ¢ oNMOpTYHHSMOM BCex MaCTeil, B TOM HHCHe HC UeHTpHSMoM Ha Sanane (KayTcKHi) HC LeHTpHS- Mom y Hac (Tpouxnit 4 np.)» (Cranux). Crates T. Cramtia maet Hc¥epnipaioulnit orset no Bonpocy o pom Gonb- IWeBH3Ma Ha MeKMYHapOnHOA apene H NOSMUMM HM ponH wieBHx» Bo II wHTepHa- uvonane, Oxa pelldTenbHO Mom¥epKMBaeT, YTO MMeHHO GonbiesH3M Ha BCexX, stamax 6opb6bl C OnMOpTyHH3MOM COXpaHAN CBoe SHayeHue aBaHrapma B MexKIy- HapomHOM pa6ovem ABIOKeHAH. Tloatomy weo6xonuMo pesKo paso6nayHTb TPOUKMCTCKHX KOHTpaéaHmH- CTOB Mpexne Bcero B STOM BoMpoce. B uenocp2ncrBeHHo cBASH C TPOWKHCTCKOH KoHTpadaHNol No Bonpocy © pond GonbUIcBASMa Ha MexULyHaponHO apeHe cTOHT M TPOWKHCTCKaR KjeBeTa Ha MapTHio Mo Bompocy Oo mMepepactaHHH 6ypKyasHO-neMoKpaTH- ‘yecKOa peBOMIOUHH B CouManHcTH4ecKyo. M B sToM Bompoce TpoukHit muTanca ganscubunuposats uctopmio uawei Mapru, uso6paaaa Jlexana saypannuM C.-n., OOPOBLINMCA ¢ TeOpHed MepMaHeHTHOH PeBONIOUKH, MCTOMy YTO OH AKOGE OrpanH4iean saa¥x mponerapwata B pesomouun 1905 r. yHcTO memMoKpaTHue- CKHMH 83ma4aMH, He uMed B BURY Mepexona K COuMaNUCTHYeCKOH pezomouHH, Kakoro Tpe6osan 6ynTO 6il ToMbKO TpouKH B CBOeH TeOpHH NepMaHeHTHOA pe- BOMOUNH. «anayel ctasunock (aKO6H SonbulesHKamH. Ped.) He ycTahOB- MeHHe COUMANHCTHYeCKOrO O6ilecTBa, MaKe He COsMaHMe MepexonHEIx dopM K HEMy, a MMille GecnoulanHaa ¥MCTKa aBrHeBWx KOHUIeH CDenHeseKOBbH, nuuet Tpoukui 8 csoeit mocnenHei pa6ote «Mctopua pyccKo pesomounne (t. Lbespansckaa pesonouns»). Bessacrenuuso HrHopHpya MHOrOWACTeHHe NeHHHCKHe BLICKaSHIBANHA © TOM, 4TO MapTHA HeMeNNeHHO BCNem 3a nobenod GypxyasHo-neMoKpaTH- YecKoH peBOMONMM, «B Mepy HalaX CHN, CHM COsHaTeNbHOrO M OpraHH30- BaHHOrO MponetapHaTa», Ha¥HeT Mepexom K peBOMIOUMH CoUMaANHCTHYECKOH, Tpouxuit npunucusaer Gonsuesuxam u JleHMHy nonHoe sa6sexue vcTOpE- MeCKMX 3afa4 mponetapuata: «Bo BcaKom cnyyae,— numer Tpouxnit, — peuH O pykoBomaueH pomu mponetapwata B 6ypxKyasdok peBomouMH OTHONS He O3HAYANH, 4TO MpomeTapHaT HCMONLsyeT KPECTLAHCKOe BOCCTaHMe MMA Toro, YTOOsI, ONMpasch Ha HeTO, MOCTABMTb B MQPANOK WHA CBOH COOCTBCHHHE HCTOpHHeCKHe Sana4H, T. €. MpAMOM Tlepexon K CouManucTH4ecKOMy O6ulecTBy». «¥ Gonbiliesxos, — npononKaer banscubauuposats ucTopuio Tpouxni, — NOnynapHad HK Hake opvuManbHo MpusHaHHad MmeA rereMoHMH MponeTapH- aTa B ReMOKpaTH4ecKOH peBONiOUHH He MOrNa, CnemoBaTeNbHO, O3Ha4aTb HH- ero, KPoMe Toro, ¥TO paOowad NapTHA NOMOKeT KpeCTRAHAM MONUTHHECKHM OpyKHeM H3 CBOMX apCceHamOB, MOACKaKeT UM HaMMy4UlMe CmocobN MH MeTOR THKBHTAHH eomansHoro O6ulecTaa HM MOKAIKET, KAK MPHMCHATb HX Ha Desley, Teopua Bonocesuia u mp., ytsepxmaiomas, 6ynTo JlenmH mo BOHM u pesomiounn 1917 r. He CTaBH BOMpoca O NepepacTaHHH, ABIAeTCA, TAKUM O6pa- 30M, MIPOCTHIM TPOUKMCTCKHM Mepenesom. C TeMH Ke MONHTHYECKHMH HM HCTOpH- YECKHMH OLH6KAMH, JIbIOWIMMH BOLY Ha MeNbHHLY TPOUKUCTCKHX damEcupuKa- TOpoB HCTOpHH Hallie NapTHH, Ml BCTpeyaeMCa HM B LenOM pane Apyrux pa6or 1314 W nae yueOHHKoB To HcTopuv mlaptuy (K. Tonos, Pessymxnn, lOnoncKuit y ap.). B serupextomnuxe Hcropua BKII(6)> non penaxuwed 7. Apocnas- cxoro 6bINH NOMYUeHH Take We CBASAHHBIe MexMy CoGoii cepbesHue NpHH- LMNMANbHbe HCTOpH4eCKHe OWHOKH No Bonpocam mepepactanna 6yp: asHo-ReMOKPaTHYecKOH PesomOWHH B COUMAMNCTHYECKYIO, OUeHKH XAapakTepa W DBWKYWWMX cH pesomoynu 1905 r.; mako Mo cyuiecTBy TpouKHCTCKOe CCRELICHHe TAKTHKM MapTHH B eBPaNbCKO-MaPTOBCKHH MepHon pesomouHH 1917 r. Kpome toro nonymens rpy6ne oIM6KH B CCcBelieHHM xapaxTepa OxtaOpECKOH PeBOMOUMH H COBEPUICHHO HEmOcTaTOYHO OcBeLleH HalHOHATib- HB BOmpoc. B oTHOMleHHM YeTHpeXTOMHMKA AOyKHa SEITE pasBepHyTa OombuleRHcTcKan camoxpHtuKa, Tem Gonee Heo6xommmas celiac, Kora MOmHTMNeCKaR gajada OTMopa TPOUKHCTCKHM H MHBIM danbcntuKaTopam MCTOpHH MapTuH cTa- HOBHTCA ocTpee Hem Korma-nH6o H KORA COSMAHHE MOMMHHHO HayYHOH Conbie- BactcKok uctopuu BKII(6) senserca nenom “ecTH GonbUIeBHCTCKHX HCTOPHKOB. Tonbko HenocTaTKOM KsaCcCOBOH 6nMTeNbHOCTH H HamM4HeM rHHnOro mHbepa- M3MA HAlHX HCTOPHKOB-GOMbIIEEMKOB MOKHO OOBACHHTS TakHe aHTHNapTHi- HBe yeTaHOBKH, Kak OUeHKy OonbueBHKOB B NepHon despana—mapra 1917 r., COBMamaiouly0 C TPOUKMCTCKOM H akTHYECKH ONPABMEBAWWy!O KieseTHHYECKHA Tesuc o nepesoopyaenun JIenuHa H Combuiepuama (Kun). B xone o€cymmenua mucbMa T. Cranua 6usla clenana nonurka o6%- ACHHTS STH OMIHOKH 1KeMaHHeM ysacTHHKoB O6cnyKHBaioT SaBSATHX KNeBeTHHKOB M aNbcuukaTopos UCTOPHH NapTHH—TpoyKucTors (KarawoBH). Orn CHIMOKH OmK4EI OLITS B KpaTYaHIUHil xe CPOK M PanAKambHO KCMpaBneHts. Ha ockose 6onbulepucTcKol NaprHiHocT# nomkHa pasBHBATECA H nanb- Heiiliad CaMOKpHTHKa Ha HCTOpH4ecKOM ponte. PaspepTusanne OonbuleBHcT- CKO CaMOKPHTHKH TpeSyeT cAMOrO PeLIWTeNBHOTO OTHOpA, C OMHOH CTOpoHE, TOMWTKAM TOPMOSHTb, CONPOTHBAATECH, CPHBAT KPHTHYECKYIO pa6oTy, C RPY- Toit cToporel, TONMITKAM OMOUINeNHs GOMBUICBHCTCKOA CaMOKPHTHKH, HCTONb- ‘SoBaHuA ee WA SAINTE “PAMNEX, HenpTHHHEIX MosHNHH, MOMMeHH ee pasmH4- Horo pona GecIpHHLUITHBIMA YCTaHOBKaMM HT. 1, Vimewuo non yrioM speHua nuchMa T. CramHHa omkH! 6xITS THIATeNb- HO MpocMOTpeHEl H TIOMBeprHyTb KPHTHKe BCe YHeOHHKH NO HCTOPHH NapTHH » Komuntepua. Tos. CranmH nocTaBun mepeq HCTOpHKaMu salavy <«NOgHATb BONpochl HCTOpHH GombWeBHsMa Ha AOMKHYIO BLICOTY, NOCTABHT MeO USYYeHHA HCTO- PHM HauleA napTHx Ha HayYHble OOMbUIEBHCTCKHE PeMBCHI H SAOCTPHTb BHAMA- HM MpOTHB TPOUKUCTCKUX H BCAKHX UpyTHX PaNbCHpUKaTopos MCTOpHH Hauleli MlapTHH, CHCTeMaTHYeCKH CpblBad C HAX MaCKH>, Y wac no cx mop HeT MCTOpHM MapTHH, HaNvCaHHOH MpocTHM, MocTyi- HLM Ho OKMBUM SSHKOM (QA TPYAMWAXCH, WA HacTomUIeH MaccH Hapora, Wt PAMOBLIX pa6ouHX HM KpeCTbAH>, NONyNAapHok, Kak TOBOpHI Jlenuu, «3 CMBICHe QoctymHocTH MusImHOHaM>. Momonexb, o6y¥aioulaaca B COBeTCKH WKONaX, HOBLIe NONONHeHHA Halle MapTHu, myywHe padoune-yRapHAKit, PAaCTyWMH KOMXOSHEH aKTHB, WMpOKHe MaCcH sapy6exKHEIX nmposeTapHeB —~ BOT IIA KOTO HeOOXOnHM SIpKHH MoKas repoMyecKoH GopL6H napTHH JlexHHa 4 soero KoMMyHMCTHYecKoro MHTepMallMoHana.MapKcHCTCKo-eHHHCKOe BOCHHTAHHe KOMMYHHCTOB, KoMcoMonbueR, 6ec- naprMinsx pa6o¥HX, HLeliHOe BOOpy2xeHHe OpatcKHx KoMMaprHit nA GopLOu ¢ KanuTamucTaMH MW HX MOCO6HHKAMH — colHan-damuctamH pasHBIx MacTei, GpanmepHaHUaM, C KOHTPpeBOMOUHOHHEIM TPOUKHSMOM M MpyrHMM BparamK GonbileBvsMa — COCTOHT Npewme Bcero B YCBOCEHHH MHA NHOHAMH xcropwu ConpulesusMa Hu ucTopHH KommyxucrRuecKoro wHTepHaunoHana. He- napom JlewmH ucnpapnaa monuTHyeckHe omH6KH OparcKux KoMMapTHi, moc- ToAHHO O6pallayica K vCTOpHM Gonbwesusma. JleHHH Mp 9TOM HacTOw¥HEO RanoMHHaN, YTO ¢BOSHUKUIM Ha TpaKUTHOM TeopeTHYEcKo 6ase GonEWeBHSM Mponesan... MpakTHYeckyi HCTOpHIo, KoTOpas No GoraTcTBy onbiTa He HMeeT ce6e pasHoi B CBETeD. Bpara maptuu, 60poBlivecad MpoTHB NONHTHKH SomEUeBH3Ma, BCerna CTPeMHNHCh GanbcHpHUMpoBAaTh H HSBpaTHT ero UCTOpHO. OuepHHTE nepen pa6ouHM KyaccoM BYepalHHA MeHb GonbulesusMa osHavano M OSHaYaeT MNA MeHBINCBHKOB, TPOLKHCTOB, ONMOPTYHHCTOB ECEX COpTOB MH OTTEHKOB BOSMOX- HOCTb o6neruuth GopE6y c GonbweBnaMoM ceronHa H sasrpa. Korma opraHH- saTopll MeHLWeBHcTcKoH «Mcxpu» Mapros Tpoukuit nbiTaHch ueBpaTHTe uctopHo crapoit «cxpi # ponb B Hex JleHwHa, OHM BenH MONHTHYECKYiO 6opb- 6y ¢ Tecpel H npaxTHXoH reremonuH nponeTapwata B Mepsoi pyccKol pe- pomounH. MexbuesuKH nponommanu oty Gopr6y B 1906-07 rr.Ha cTpaHHuax HATHTOMHUKa ¢«O6uecTBeHHce nBMKeHHE B Poccuu B Hayane XX B.». Torna oe JlenwH mpenmaran «ynorpe6uTb BCe CpenCTBa HCH! Ha 6oNbilleBHcT- CKylo HCTOPHIO PeBONIOHH B NPOTHBOBEC MEHBLJEBHCTCKU-NHKBUTATOPCKOH HCTO- pu» 1, B 1924 r. Tpouxuit, rena Gops6y c naptuei, pbinycrun «YpoKu Oxts6pa», MaCKHPYA MONHTHYECKOe COLepKaHHe STO padoTE «HCTOPHYECKO!> c6onouKo#. Heyero w rosopHTb, Kako# rpsaSHo# KneBeTO# Ha Hallly napTHio ABHIMCh NocmenHHe nucaHa Tpouxoro «Mos xusHE» u oDespanbcKaa pe- Bomourva». McTopH¥ecKuMH 8KCKYpCaMH SaHHMANHCb HM OLIBLIMe MHLEpbl mpa- Bow onnmosHuHH. TakuMH ¢skcKypcamM» 6nimu «lonuTHYecKOe saBellaHve SJlennna» u ctatpa «K necaTHneTHO NporpaMMH! napTum», npHHamiexaBuine nepy tT. Byxapyxa. Zina 6opp6n ¢ sto danecubuxauvei ucTopHM MomxHa 6bITh Mobumu- goraHa u nocTapnera Ha GombUlyiO Hayy! WM NONMTHYECKyIO BEICOTY BOA Hay'4HO-HCCHEROBATeNECKAR pa6oTa HCTOPHKOB-MapKCHCTOB H OCOGeHHO MOMHTH- YeCKH SAOCTPeHa BCA HX HaYYHO-MONYMAPHSATOPCKaA TeATensHocTs. B mepByio ovepens NOMMHa OHTS MoNsepKHyTa HeOGKOMHMOCTS MOMATHYECKOH aKTYaNE- HOCTH T€MATHKH HallHX HCTOpHNecKHX pa6oT. Caa3b TeopHM C MmpaKkTHKOH B O6aCTA MCTOpHu He TONBKO BOSMOKHa, HO HK aGcomOrHO HeoOxoAMMa. «Hictopua»,— mucan M. H. Toxposckuit, — gomkua HenocpencTReHHo 1 HeyCTaHHO paSbACHATh MaccaM MIpOHCXonAUly! KnaccoByio 6ops6y, BCKPH- BaTb KOpHH, HHOrHa rmy6oKo CKPHTHe, KNACCOBLIX MpoTHBOpedHit, cnoBOM oOHaxKaTb H MOMBeprats GecnowianHOMy MaPKCHCTCKO-eHHHCKOMy aHamM3y BCe Te MOMHTHYECKHE KOH@AMKTHI, KOTOpBe Nepey HaMH MpOHCXONHIM, YTO CO- BEPWICHHO HEBOSMOKHO G63 UCTOPHYECKOTO NOAXONA K STHM KOHOMHKTAM» 3. Ha ocvose nonwTaieckux ypoxos, BbITeKaloulnx uB craTeH T. Cramaua, MOMKHO onpenenHTca o6iilee HanpaBmenve H CoMepxKaHHe HayyHO-noMymApHoro oprana O6uiectBa vcTopHKop-mapKcucros «Bops6a Kraccos». Craps CBOHM 10- ayHToM M CEOeH Samael MapKCHCTCKO-neHHHCKOe BOCTUTAHHe HABOBOTO Nap- qTuiiMoro m pa6owero akTHBa Ha HCTOpHYecKOM MaTepvame, MbITaach MpespaTHTs qhakTE mpowinoro B MCTOpH4ecKHH KOMMeHTApHi K TeKYWHM MOMMTHYeCKHM cobuTuam, , KO- Topile NbiTaioTca NomBepruyTb nepecmorpy spara naptau. Borpocam ucropun Gonbulesusma, uctopnu Komuxtepxa, ucropH paboxero wm pepomouHoKHoro namKedna u ponu JleHuua W GombulestKoB B HeM ROMKHO OATH yReneHo HaH- 6onbuee BHAMAHHe WM MECTO B HaHieM xXypHame. TIpu Tom mpo6memam MaccoBoro pa6oyero mBMKeHHA, OCObeHHO nocne- BOeHHOrO MepHona, npo6memam GopsSw umeomorM4ecKHX BIMAHHH, a Take mpo6vemaM MMMepHanHaMa H MexKAyHapOnHoro BHadeHHA GoNbUIeBHsMa Ha BCeX eo HCTOpH4eckHx STaMaX MOMKHO GLITb YNeNeHO CTONb Ke S3HAYHTEMBHOe MECTO. ‘«Bops6a Ksaccop» —B Wepexre apyrHx HCTOpHYECKHX s&ypHanos — RomKHa elle Gonee yYeCTh SHAYeHHe Ha WaHHOM aTame OBNameHHA MaccaMH MAPKCHCTCKOR TeopHeH H MOCTPOHTE BClO padoTy KypHana B HaMpaBNeHHM YeT- Koro M MONHTHNECKH SaOcTpeHHOrO BOCKMTaHHa Macc, B HanpaanenuH omb- WeBHCTCKOH SaKaIKH HOBHX NapTHHHAX Kampos. Tloquats uctopuueckyio pabory Ha YpOBeHb OFPOMHEIX COLMaNHCTHYeCKAX Salat walled CTpaHy M Halle SMOXH, MNOBHICHTS OOMbUIeBHCTCKyIO HeNpHMH- PHMOCTS H ORHTeMbHOCTS B paGoTe, MOXOHWHTD c THUMM WHOepanHsMom B OT- HOUeHHH Bpaxne6HBIK nponetapHaty Teopuii, nepectpouTs conepxKanne TeMMb pa6oT Hallero opraHa B COOTBETCTBHH C Obie MepecTpoHKOH HCTOpH- ¥eckoro pouta, on Nosyxrom GoeBok napTHiHOCTH UCTOpAYecKOH HayKU— TaKopa o6ulaa nuHva «Bops6et Knaccos», onpenensemaa MOMMTHYeCKHMH T= PeKTHBAMH, BHTCKAIOWMMH MIA Hac H3 CTaTBH T. CramHHa.T. OYBbIHA w A. MAHKPATOBA JLECATb JIET VWHCTHTYTA KPACHOM MPO®ECCYPHI Hawa sanaya noGopeTs acaxoe conpotisnenme xamn- ‘TANHCTOB, He TONBKO BOEHHOE H MONHTHYECKOe, HO H Hpeli- Hoe ~caMoe ray6oKoe H camoe MoUUIOe, B. UW. TlenwH neonnoxpatno yxa- sugan, uro HaeHHOe conporuBnenxe KaMWTaNHCTOB sABAReTCA CaMEIM ry6OKHM 4 CaMbIM MOLIHEM H ¥TO MpeononeTb ero MOKHO MHWb B pesymLTaTe ynopHom pa6orit sce napraw. Ana toro yro6w m06eqHTb Ha @poute KyNbTYpH, Tpe6o- Banuch 3Ha4HTenbHO 6 Gonee ANHTeMb- HBle CPOKH, HEM MIA MONUTHYECKO! H BOeH- HoH no6en. dlonutayecku mnoGequTh,— rosopun Jlenux, —MoxHO B am0xy o60- CTpeHHA KPH3HCa B HECKONBKO HeneMb. Ha poline MoxkHo no6eqHTb B HECKONbKO MECALEB, a KYMLTYPHO NObeqHTL B TAaKOH CpoK Henbsa; Mo CaMoMy cywlecTBy nena Ty? Hy2XeH CpoK 6onee MAMHHEIH, H Hao K sTomy 6onee mnHHHoMy cpoky mpHcro- cobuTees, paccuuTEpaa C3010 pabory, mpo- siBnas wawOombulee ynopcrso, HacToi- YHBOCTh H CHCTeMaTHYHOCTED 1, Tlaptus c HckmountenbHEM ynopcTBom H HacTOHNMBOCTBIO HeycTaHHo pagBepTH- Bawa KYMbTYpHOe CTPOHTeMBCTBO, SaHH- Maja w yKpennana omMH 3a apyrHM y4a- CTOK rpoManHoro H CNOMHOTO HmeOnOrH- eckoro dpoxta. [Ipusnexan u vcrions- aya 6ypKyasHEX HW MenKo6ypxyasHEIX CMeWHanHcTOB, MapTHA BMecTe C TeM NO- MOWNMHHO 6ONbUIeBMCTCKHMM TeMMaMM To- ToBwsia CBOM MponeTapcKue M napTHiHele Kanpsl M MpH WX NoMOUIM o6ecnewHBana MapKCHCTCKO-NeHMNCKoe HanpapneHHe B pa6ore BCex cTyneHei wneonor#4ecKoro porta. Sascesanve HMeonorH4ecKHx M0- SHUM Mpoxowo B ycmosHax 0 CT- pow xnaccopoi 60pb6u. Knac- CopHit spar ynopHo Bcemu cnoco6amH OKASHIBAN H OKASHIBACT HECTOKOe COMpo- TuBneHHe, OnbIT mocnenHHX meT mOKasam, 'TO OCTaTKH OT¥ARHHO CONPOTHBNAWUeliCA Gypxyasux ynopiee m jonuie BCero 1 Jleunn, co6p. cou., t. XXVIL, orp. 52. ws Jlexun YRepKUBAlOTCA Kak pad B pasnHHoro Poa yueHux H yue6HNX opranneayuax. Oxta6peckas ‘penomouua 4 nocneno- Bap sa Hed eHaYHTeNbuBI nonbeM PeSOMMOUMOHKOTO MBWKeHHA Ha Sanane i Boctoxe, ¢ omHof cropoxst, cama npen- crapMM KonOccanbHeHWIM MarepHan IA TeopeTHeckoro HCCHenoBaHHsA H, C Rpyroii, npenbsasunH rpomanubie tpeOopanua K TWATeMBHeMMeMy HCCMenOBAHMIO BCerO. onuita HCTOpHH KNaccoBol 6opL6u. B. H. Jlenwy 8 oxta6pe 1920 r. Ha III] cyesge PKCM, otzeyas na Bonpoc, nowemy ysenue Mapxca Morno opnaners. MHNMHOHAMH W MECATKAMH MHJIIMOHOB Cep- ell CaMoro PeBOMOUMOHHOTO Kmacca, san- Bun: «To npowsouno noTomy, ro MapKe onupanca Ha TIpouKN ynnamen? veno- BeYeCKHR SHAHHM, SABOeBAHHLIX pA KaNH- TaNM3Me; M8YYMBUIK SaKOHEI YyenoBeHe- ckoro o6utecrsa, Mapxc nouan nenabex- HOCTh pasBHTHA KanuTanHsma, Bemyuiero K KoMMyHuamy... HM manbure, — nponon- oaet Uneuy, —Bce TO, ¥TO YEMO- peyeckoH MBCHBO 6HNO CO- smano, on (tT. &. Mapke.Z,, 7.) nonBepr KpuTHKe, MpoBe- pus Ha pa6oueM BuKEHUH, H chenan T@ BHBORM, KOTO- puX OrpanuyenHue Oypxy- ASHUMH UNM CBSSanH Be 6yp- MYyasHRMM MpempaccynKa- MH MOTH CHeENaATbh He MOTH, Huxorna cnpoc Ha pesomouxonnyio Te0- pio He Oun Ta BEAHK B CAMBIX UIMpOKHX Maccax, Kak nocne OXTA6pLCKOH peBomio- uuu. Teopua B CaMOM NOUHHHOM CMBICH cTaHopumach MaTepuambHo cHNO#, MBH- rawouei maccamu. Tlepen napruefi c rpo- ManHoh ocTpoTo# scrana sanaya momro- TORK GOMbILeBHCTCKHX KanlpoB TeopeTH- T lenwn, co6p. cow., r. XXV, erp. 387. 17Kee. Tocnenwie RomKHE OLINH, MpexKre ECETO, MORBEPrHYTb TUATENbHOMY ananKsy padorst GypKyasKux Hu MenKc6ypKyas- HBX yueHEIx. Mcnonpscenpad sHaHHA, 3a- BCeBAHHMG MIpH KaNWTanH3sMe, TeOpeTHKH GonbwenHaMa cOngann 6uinM KPETHNECKHL wx Tepecmotpetb. Kak pas K sTomy Bpe- MeHM MHOrHe Gyp»xXyasHEIe yueHbie ycH- JieHHO SAHTpbIRAN C MapKCHSMOM, neKma- PHPOBaNH NpezanNOcTh COBETCKOH BNaCTH. Vctopus B O¥€Hb CKOpoM BpeMeHH mOKa- gana, YTO ReKMapaldH MHOFHX H3 HHX 6HINH BCero JHU MACKHPOBKOll KNaCco- Boro Bpara. Tlenut p craree «O sxauennu pomxcTay/- lero MaTepHanH3May MPHEOLHT O¥eHb MET- Kyl xapaktepucTuxy 6ypxKyasHBX y4e- HBX, RanHyfo Luurenom-oTuom. «lpodec- copa dunccopun, — ronopun Juurex,— B COBPeMeHHOM O6ulecTBe npencrasnmor cc60i B GONELIMHCTBE Cny4aeB He ¥TO HHCe, Kak JMNOMHPOBAHRBX WaKeeB nonoB- mune. H panbue, mpusona mpumepsi, nomreepumaioume ouenky Juurewa, us CPeNEl «pOCCHFICKHX HHTENNHTeHTOBy, B uacTHOCTH, ykasbiBaa Ha paboTy HCTOpHKa P. Bunnepa, Mnewu npuenpaer x HeyKn0n- HeMy pascOnauenio BCex COBpeMeHHEIX UIICMHPOBAHHEX Nakees MOMOBLLKHE— 4BC€ PaBHO, BEICTYN@WT TH OHH B KayeCTBE npencraputenet obHuManbHO HayKU “nH B KAYECTEC EOJILHEIX CTPeNKOB, HasbIBalo- WHX CE6A (DEMOKPATHNECKHMH JIeBLIMH WK wmeHO coumanucTHYecKUMHD ny6mH- uHCTaMHD 1, Ho nepen naptuei u pa6ouxm Knaccom sanava 6opb6si 1 pascOnauenna 6ypxyas- HOH HayKH BRINBHFaNach WHlllb Kak YacTb pyro, 6onee oOmel sanayn: nonwTHye- CKOrO BOCnTaHHA Macc GopuoB H CTpoH- tenet B myxe KoMMyxusMa. OKta6pacKan PeEONIOUUA NonkANa K CUsHaTeMBHOM no- AHTHYECKOH 2KUSHH MHOTHE MHINHOHEI pa- Gounx HW KpecTbaH, panee 226uTbIX rHeTOM CaMOnepMabHA H KanvTanMCTHYeCKoit 9KC- nnoatauuH. C He6bizano# G6xicrpoToH B YCHOBHAK PEBONIOUKH POC HM SpemH HO- Ene Cub. OHM XOTERH NOHATb cMbICN TOH THraHTCKcH 6opL6n, Ha KOTOpy!O HX nonuama OKTa6pecKan pesomouua, HKan- HO TAHYNKCE K HY KHOM H MOHATHOM KHIOK- Ke, KOTOpad ToMorna 6b HM B 9TOM OCMEIC- AMBAHWH HX HCTOPHNECKOrO NyTH. 1 Flemun, eo€p. cow, 7. XXVIL, orp. 183. 18 OnnHM #3 o8aroB NOnHTHNCCKOrO BOCIIM- Tava Macc B TOOM TpakiaHcKol BolHE Guna apmus. B cronuuax—Mocxse x Jle- HHHrpale—HanpAKeHHO COMABACh Hi no-6oesomy pa6otand BEICIIMe KysbTypHO- NpOcbeTHTenbHBIe Kypcut miKomi. Ho om pa6oranv, oTmazaa sce cnoH rnaBHue cust bpexty. B cawom pasrape rpaaian- cKolt Bolin G6bin cosa yuunepcuver vm. A, M, Ceepnnosa — nepraa eiciiaa KOMMYHMCTHYECKaR Koa 8 CoReT- cKo Poccuu. Orcioma pixonmnnt nep- Bue mo-6oesoMy nonrorossienube—nep- BLE MAPKCHCTCKO-eHHHCKHe, Goneule- BHCTCKHe—KanpH. OHH 6b MoRciony — B apMHH, B RepeBHe, B NPOMHIUINeHHOCTH, Ha Qpowte — mpocseuewua, neppsimnt MapKcHCTCKM opHeHTHpyIOMuMHICA Opra- Husaropawl, aritatopamu, nponarannu- CTaMH W MONMTHYECKEMH pyKOBORTERAMH. Hacrynana suma 1920 r. OnvH 3a ZpyrwM NHKBHDMpOBANKCh pont. Apmun uacrnuno nepe6pacsiza- HHCb Ha TpynoBol pour, yacTuuno neMo- 6unusopannch. Crpana nocienenno mepe- crpavpanach u MoGunvSoBana cRow CHAE H pecypchh ANA OpraHHsayHH HOBOrO — XOSACTBeEHHOrO dponta. [Ina pewenna HOBLIX Sana¥ Tpe6oBaNHch Tpomannoe no- BBILIEHHE KYNbTYpHI B CTpaHe, HaMpsxKeH- Haga monroropka mnpHcnocc6newHEx K CTpowTenkcTBy Kampos, passepHyTaa HREo- noruueckan pa6ota u 6opt6a c Han6onee TpYOHEIM H OMACHEIM He H BLM compo- THBNEHHEM KaccoBoro Bpara. B ay HMexHO ertoxy mepexona or rpa- MMAHCKOH BOHHE K OpranvsauuM xo3sit- crpenHoro poHta H Obi CoszaH no HHH- uyatuse B. M. Jlexuua nepauit opnoct GopE6s sa GonbiLesucTcKHe Hay4HEIe Kan- ps—Hucruryt Kpacnoit mpodeccypsr. Kexumy nytama wien 1 Kaxyi aBonio- unio nepexun KI 2a necars ner czoero CyLeCTROBaHHA? Camoe sapomnenue HKIT xaxoautca B HEMOCPeNCTECHHOM CBASH C NepBEIMU B CO- BETCKOM Crpane a4eHKaMN paouero H KOM MYBMCTHYeCKOrO OGpaz0BaHiA: C KOMMY- HHCTHYECKHM YHHBepcHTeToM uM. Cpepa- soba ¥ paGouunn dakyabTeTami np cTa- pbx YHHBepcuTeTax. B wupoxo nonynapHol Ceepnnosux mon pysoponcrsom M. H. ToxposcKoro p 1919-20 rr. roTOBHNMCE NepEbIe MapKCHCTCKH- MORTOTOBMeHHNe KaRpb Hay4HBix pa6oT- HHKOB, KOTOPHe CbIrpanu NOTOM HeManyiO pon B opraHMsaunn 6ynymero Hucrury- a KpacHoi mpobeccypu. Kormynucrwyecnan Ceepnnosua 61ina nepBIM oTaMoM Ha NyTH K CosnaHhio 6o- jee BEICOKOM CTYNMeHH KOMMYHHCTHHECKOrO o6paszonanus, Kakus cran Vuctutyt Kpac- Holt mpoeccypss. Bropuim apuaucs pashaxu. Xora Mex- ny Hvmu 1 HKII p mpouecce ero cosnanua Guna MeHee OveBYRHAR BHELINGA CBABb, em Mexny HKII u Csepanosuei, Ho B HcTopuH coszanua KIT pone pabbaxos He MoneT ocTaTbCA He OTMeNeHHOH. Hx op- TaHHU3aTOpOM HM BHOXHOBHTeneM LI M. H. Tloxposcxnit. Pa6baxu 6xinw cos- Rawk Mp YHuBepcutetax B ceHTA6pe 1920 r., H TONBKO OHH [elCTBHTEIBHO oT- KPBINH ABepH BbICILeH IKON MIA pabounx. SanoeBatb, mpometapH3s4poBats BEICIIYI0 B.H. Jenwy MH. Moe KpogcKHA Ha Il kourpec- ee Homunrepra a asrycTe 1920 r. uixony B 1918-19 rr., He HMen HH CROKE KaupoB, HM cTymensecTea, HH cBoel Mpodeccyps, MHoruM Kagamock sanayc HepaspeuivMo#, PaBHOCHNBUOH paspewe: HMO KBanparypu Kpyra. PaGhaka nomKubt Gian ctat Kopino- POM B By2bi nA mponerape OEE XH, H OHH CT2NH HMH yoke B NepBEe FoR cpoero cyurectsosanun. Pa6haxu nan MuoroTHcauitEIe KARpHI NpomeTapeKcro cTy- Rewectba HeCMOTpA Ha ToT ca6oTaxK KyeBeTy, KOTOPHIMU BeTpeTuna Oypxy:3- Has mpoeccypa paébaxoscKyi pa6ciryo aynuropixo. Vimenxo otciona a mouino sazoesanne BuCUIeH wkonH. Paéaxn nepene npak- THYeCKH MocTaBHNH BOMpcc Oo HOBCH, cBoei npopeccype. «Paéhaxu,— paccxasupaet M. H. Tlo- KPOBCKHH, ~- PonMNHCh oT cowsa Mexny KOMMYHUCTHNECKUM cTyneHYectsom TIne- XAHOBCKOTO WHCTHTyTa (Tora MHCTUTYTA 20 18menu Mapkca) H SaMCCKBOpeuKHMH Me- rannuctamms. Wi sta KOMMYHNcTHNecKas, 4 pa6ovaa Mononexe tpeGosana uHoro mperionanatens, ocoferio B o6nacTH 06- niecTReHREK HayK — MapKcHcTa, KOTO Ga no-nexwucKH o6bacHHN mpoiineHHBlit M MIpeNCTOALH myTb CopLOsi 3a KOMMY- HusM. TakHx npenonapatenei npexHan BBICLIAa WKONA He NaBama M He Moryia NaTb. CucrematHueckoit nonrotosKm mpenonasa- Tene BLICUeH KONE BOObue HAKOrna B Poccuu He cymectBonano. Crapuie npodec- copa caMv NonucKuBanu cebe Ha cTymeHYe- CKOM Cpe yHeHHKOB M mpeeMHMKos, Ta- Koi MHOrMa CHyYaHHO NonaBUIMi BMHSIOCTS CTYNEHT OCTaBNANCA NpH yHHBepcuTere, 3a- LudLan nUCCepTaMio K CTanoBHicA Mpodec- copom. Huorna xe, uro 6tisamo pexe, rpyn- TIE CTYHEHTOB NOCHINIANHCb 3a TpaHHuy H OT- Tyna BOSBpallanvc roToBLMA mpotecco- pam. B o60xXx cnysanx mpHHuiom or- Gopa 6ynyuiei npodeccyps octapanoce oc- HOBHOe TpeGoBaHHe — nonuTHyecKan 6na- TOHAMEMHOCTL, HEHABHCTb K peBOmiOuMH, SesnH4Hoe NOCMyWaHve H NOMMMHEHHe Mpo- deccopy u Hawanecrsy. OrKpsito HeBe- pyiowyHit npodeccop He Mor uMeTb KadenpHL BllapcKoli Poccuu, Kak He Mor ee Tomy- WATb KM PeBCMIONMOHHBI MapKcHCT 4 WMa- JeKTHK. Cosnannaa sumo 1920 r, KOMHCCHA jlo KopeHHoMy npeo6pasopanH mpenona- pans OOWECTBEHHLX Hay B BEICUIeH WKO- nie (Tak Hasblbaemaa KoMuccHa PotuiTeitHa) pula TaWKe K BHIBOMy, 4TO cTapHit mpopeccopcxuii nepcowan He B CocTosHHMH speo6pasozat mpenonazanua o6ulectseH- aux Hayx. Torna G6sin0 HaMe¥eHo mpa puxona: 1) CKOHLeHTppoBATs Ha Mpemto- japaTenbcKoft pa6ote MapKCcHCTCKO-Tlomro- ToBNeHHbIe NapTHHEe KaMpel, OCBOGOLHB HX XOTH Obl Ha OMHY TpeTb OT COBETCKO! H WHOM padorsl, 2) Hayate HeMenneHHyIO MORTOTOBKY ¢ B'0 € fi Tipobeccypi H3 KOM- MYHMCTAYECKOH HM MpomeTapcKOA Momone- Ha. Ho mpm stom peub uta He mpocto o SIORTOTOBKE MAPKCHCTCKH rpaMOTHHIX npe- TlomapaTened una BiICUel wKoME. «Map- KCHCTCKH PpaMOTHHIMHs — B opManbHom cmbicne — 6bITH H MeHButepHKH. Pesomw- UMH HyKHa xa «Mononexe, ry6oKo MPOHHKWAACA NpANWWNaMH peBoMOUHOH- Horo MapKCH8Ma, YMelOUlad NenaTb HB yue- wus Mapxca Bce TeopeTuueckne a mpakTH- 20 HeCKHe BHBONU, KAKHe MOKHO ChenaTee (M._H. Tloxposcknii). Takat Mononens, ocoben#o B ceaan c MaccoRoH nemobHmn- saquei apMuM B Havane 1921 r., xia yue B HaNHUMH. Bot movemy okagarica BOSMOMHLIM 11 gespans 1921 r. nonmucanni B. H. Tle- UHM RexpeT Copeta HapomHbix KOMHC- capos o cosnanma Muctutyta Kpacuoil npoeccypy. exper rnacun: «Yapequtb B Mocxse Tletporpane mcTaTyTA ne TonfotosKe Kpacnot npodeccypsr mA mpe- Tomasaiua B BLICHIMX WkoNax pecny6nn- KH TeOpeTHY€CKOH SKOHOMHH, HCTOpH4e- coro MaTepuanuama, pasBuTHa o6ulecTBeH- HEIX OPM, HOBeMUIeH HCTOPHH HM COBETCKe- To crpoutensctaay. OpraHnsaTopoMm HM pyKOBORHTeNeM Ha- MeeHHoro 4 ono6peHHoro JlexmHEIM HHCTH- tyra 6x1 HasHauex M. H. Toxposcxnit. HemennexHo mocne 3laHHa mekpeTa 6nina cosiaHa mom MpemcelaTenbcTBon M. H. [loxposckoro Komuccua no opra- nuszauun Hucrutyta Kpachoi mpodeccypy, B COCTaB KOTOpOM BOLI TakHe mpomec- copa-Kommynucrsl, Kax H. M. Jlyxuu, B. T]. Bonrvu, IU. A. Asotnauxnit, a TawKe HeKoTopwe corpynHuKH M. H. To- xposckoro no Hapxomnpocy x Cxepa- woeuu. Saxumena mMxopanounas pa6ota, H pasBepxysca uentyt pai 6oee sa Gsicrpy# peuMTenbHY!O peanusauwo NeHHHCKOTO nexpeta 06 opranugaumw MKII. M. H. Tlo- KPOBCKOMY TPHUINOCh AIHYHO OTCTaMBaTe MpaBo Ha XKH3Hb ero HOBOrO MeTHWa. 7 an- pens CTO punec peuenne o cosnanaa MKII He B Mockze, as Ilerporpane. Sto rposuno omacHocTBio He coOpaTs u 6e3 Toro cKyAHHe MpenomapaTenecKHe KaMpH, MPHULNOCe oT- craupatb Mocxey. Tpyauti a ynopubtit 60% Wen mae BOKPYT CaMOro 31aHKA IA HH- cratyra. Cuayana pasMectumich TecHo H cKy¥eHHO B Kenbax 6. Ctpactxoro MoHa- cruipa. Bate mocne nonrux cnopos ¢ HapkomnpocoMm uc paiioHHiim copeTom saHann 6onpuloe sane Ha Octoxenke, 53, rae AKI xxwn norom MHorve rombl, rae OH OKpen, BEIpoc H ANepeHUMpoBaNcA Ha PAR CAMOCTOATEMBHEIX HHCTHTYTOB 110 cnenHvambHocTi. Ho rnapHoe BHHMaHHe B 9TOT MepHOR opranusal|MoHiaa KOMHccHA ynemHa pas- paGorke yseOHoro mmana, nporpam M MeTonos npenonasanua B MKII. BunwwaMeYeHE! CheMyIOUINe LHKNEI: TeopeTHYe- kas sKoHOMMA (Tom pyxoBoncTeoM Map- xgeRcKoro), HCTOpHYecKui MaTepuanHaM (Yaampuos), uctopaa (TMoxposckni, Bon- ru u JIyKwH) 4 copetcKoe crpowtens- areo (Jlapur). Beck nepsuii xype mpen- RONAraOCh MOCBATHT YKPeMNeHHIO MapK- cxictcKoro gysxnamenta cnywiatenei, KO- Topwe MOMKHE LINK OMHOBpeMeHHO SaHH- MaTbCA NONHTSKOHOMHEH, unocopueH H HCTOpHeit. Ho yxe B 3TOM MepBoM rogy O6HapyrKH- ROCb Camoe 6ombHOe MeCTO HHCTHTyTa — eTCYTCTBHe MONXOMAMHX nperionaBatenei. aTIpHxonutca KONCTATHpOBATb, —C Tpe- voroi nucan M. H. Tloxposckui B or- eTHOH CTaTbe K MepBol TOOBUIMHe HH- cTuTytTa, — ¥TO NoMOBMHa pa6oTH To non- TroTosKe 6ynyuiMx 6opyoB 84 KOMMYHH3M B Hawei BHCUIeH wKoMe mpoxsBonUTCA HeKOMMYHHCTaMH». 3a KIM 6powmponanuce sce BHaHei- we TeOpeTHYeCKHe CHIH MapTHH, HO OHH exasitpanich NeperpyMeHHEIMH NpaKTHye- cKo% pa6oTo, He MOrNM ToTOBHTECA H eTKasbipanuch oT paéoTt B MKII. Hsmy- MeHHBe B OKMMAHHM pyKOBOnMTeNeH-KOM- MYHHCTOB cyiywlaTeim TpeGoBanu LaTb HM XOTA 6b CoBeTCKM 6nH3KHx Mpoeccopos, wnyulux K MapKCH3my. STH mpodeccopa we MOrnH MocTaBHTb Mpenonapanve ak- Tyambubx mpobsem. TIpuxonunoch 6patb Y HHX TO, 4TO OHH MOI MaTb, M Hsy4aTb netopuio Puma u Ppeunx y npod. Ipeo6- paxeuckoro u Cepreesa, NonHTSKOHOMMIO y Py6xxa, dunocopmo y Axcenppon- @ptonoxc. Ho sto nonomeHve He Moro 6st» Tepnumo. HM pyxononutenn HMKIT ponomkan 6uTb Tpebory: «Peus uner 0 Gops6e 3a KOMMYHHaM B BEICHIeM MuKONe, — noptopan ycTHo #8 nevara M. H. Tok- posckuit.— Mononexb, HaCTOMUlas KOM- MYHUCTHYECKAA MONOMEKb, NOYTH CINOUb, He WCKMOYad Wake HW XKeHUHH, mpoulen- uaa poutsi, — y vac ectp. Kamina yue- HHA Y Hee KonoccanbHaa. Boepoe mapK- CCTCKOe HACTpOeHHe BenHKOMENHOe, HO cfenath M3 STOO TecTa TaKoH xne6, KaKoit HY)KeH KOMMYHHCTHYECKOH peBo- MMOUBM B BEICUICH WKONe, MOKET TONbKO pyka neKaps-KomMyHuctap. TIpHulnocs HHCTHTYTY He TONBKO me4B xne6,Ho H oprannsosare babsany4 ans non FOTOBKH «MOmOnEIX NeKaper>. Taxum ba6sa- By4em 6bina nemarorHuecKas pabota ciyuia- tenet HKIT cuazana sxe cren MII, pas- SMSHBIX BY2ax H-KOMBysax MOcKBEI, a0 Tom ¥ BCaMom wncTuTyTe, Han€onee nonro- TOBIeHHHe H yereraioumic enywatent MKTT NO OKoH4aHHH, a Hepenko Hc III Kypca HauHHamM Npencnasaive Ha Mnamuem Ky P- ce HKII. Iipu stom, umewno 6naroxaps cosnaH#i0 HOBOro Kapa mpenonasatench- KOMMYHHCTOs — cnyuiaTeneli, KOHYaIOWHX w xonMBmux MKT, — ynanoch ocyure- CTBHT NpesBElualHO BaKHOe HASHESHHE HKII—opranwsauuo pu Hem noxrorosy: TenbHoro ommenenia. Han6onee akTHBHEIM eFo opraxw3aTopom H pyxoBonuTenem Geis A. A. Tpowuxni, onmn v3 Han6omee Ta- A. 1 Tponuyenh — opranuseropnoaroroHTenbHor © otaenenun AHI wautnusnix cnyuarenet MKII nepsoro BLIYCKa, 6yKBaNbHO cropeBilMi Ha CBO- ei pa6ote. Tlonrotosutembuoe otmenenue BHeCHO peskHii mepenoM, yny4WHB Co- uuanbHHh coctas MKII. 15 maa 1923 r, npasnenue MKT, npn- HHMad moctaHopnenue 06 opraHH3alHH NMORFOTOBATESILHOTO OTHENCHHA, HMEHHO OTY ganlayy C4HTaO OCHOBHOA: «Cuntaa nene- coo6pasHbiM H JKeNATeENBHEIM moctynneHHe 8 KI pa6oywx, oxonynemux pabbaxn, OpraHH30BaTb MOATOTOBHTeNbHBIe KYPCH oGecneyuTh 4x MpenonapaTensimu, cmywa- renama II] xypca». 2Ba6ora 06 ynyumeHHM couMamLHOrO Co- Mp YHUBEp- crete B cBoe Bpea, OH CTYMeHTH cTap- UIMX KypCoB, 6biNH MpocTo MORK, NOMA CAMOCTOATENBHO YYMBLUIWECA, HO STH KarK- RyWIHe YYHTbCA Mononbe MOM HCKANH KaKkoro-HuOynb MecTa, rhe OHA MormH 6B MPOHOMKUT CRO Hay¥Hoe o6pasosaxue, cow HayyHyl nonrorosKy. Bea sta Mac- ca uw o6pasopana nepsuit cocras Huctu- tyra Kpaco mpodeccypst H TepBHit rom BilnycKa, SaTeMm momoWwnH u LpyrHen... ‘STH mogowenmme u 6bimH ToH mponetap- CKO MONOMeKbIO, H3 KOTOPOH mMpexmy- UlecTBeHHO (bopMupoBasIOce BCe BPeMA TIOD- TOTOBHTeNbHOe OTMeMeHHe, MOCTaBNaBulee WHTCHCHEHO HW TilaHOMepHO nosToTopnse- Mele MpomeTapcKHe KaMpk WA OCHOBHEIX omenenui. Tlepsonavansio 8 KIT cy- LecTSOBaNO TPH OCHOBHEIX OTRENeHHA, rime cnyularend CneumanvsHpoBanuch no TpeM CHEMMANBHOCTAM! MORUTSKOHOMHH, QHMO- coum u ucTopHH. Tloctenenuo sanaun ycnoxkHanwce, cne- uvanbuocta nubepenumposanucs. HKII, orpeyaa nloTpe6HocTaM CoymanHcTHYecKoHt ctpofixu B CCCP m sanayam naptaa Ha KAMOM 9Tamle, HOMKeH Obl OpraHUso- BaTb CHa¥ama MpaBoBoe, NOTOM ecTecTBeH- 0@ OTMeneHHe, gaTeéM HCTOpHKO-napTHit- 40€, BOCTOYHOe, HTepaTypHoe H Mporco- 22 rosxoe. Or oTfeneHHA YacTo HayHHaNA CBO MUSHE C CeKUMM, a KOHYAsH MpeB- PaLJeHHeM B CaMOCTOATeNBHBIe HHCTHTY- TH, BKORAUMe Celyac B CHCTeNy Hay4Ho- vccnenosaTencKHx opranusaunh KomaKa- nemun. Ho Tako# rpoMamuilit opranu3a- uHoHHEI poct HMKII oxasanca Bosmox- HBIM TOKO MOTOMY, YTO OH pasBHBanca B aTmochepe ynopHoli umeonoruyeckoit GopE6H 84 MapKcKaM H NeHHHMSM, Bosrma- Bnsemoi pyxosoncraom Muctutyta B mHue M. H. floxposckoro. C nepssix nue cyuectsosaxna Mxcratyt Kpacoi mpo- éeccypst crpounca He KaK axanemuyecKaa npoeccopcxas naSopatopus, a Kak nap- THHHO-60es0H MEOOTHYECKHA WEHTP Map- KCHCTCKO-NeHHHCKOM HayKH, coueTaounit TeOpHiO C MpakTHKOH, yMoBNeTBopAWWHH SaMpOchl MapTHH H BBIMONHAOWIHK CO- Mau 3aKas mpometapuata. «Map- KCHCTCKaa HayKa,—nucan M. H. Moxpos- CKHi B ONHOH HB CTaTei H HeycTaHHO no- BTOPAN BCBOHX YCTHEIX BHICTYTINeHHAX,— MapKCHCTCKad Teopua BCerna HepaspEIBHE cBagaia C MpakTHKoH, mTosTOMy coB- PeMCHHOCTh SABAATCA MCXOMHOH TOX- KOH mA BCAKOM TeopeTH4ecKOH paboTH Mapxcuama, YeMy 6a OHa HA 6sIIa TO- caaulenay. Ucxona us sto# yctanopxu, M. H. Tloxpoackn moctos#Ho nopuepKusan, TO BCAKa HayKa He TOMLKO RoMKHA 6uITh KnaCcOBON, HO HM mapTHiinox Hay- Koi. B sToM OTHOUIeHHH OH OcObeHHO BHIZeNAN “CTOpHIO KaK HayKy cyry6o mo- wutaueckyio. 91a uneonoraueckad Gopeba Benach HM BeleTCA Ha BCeX CeMMHapaX M. H. Moxposcxoro 4 Ha mpyrux cemHHa- Pax, pyKOBONHMEIX npopeccopamH-KOMMy- uctamH, HMenHo B STO 6opE6e aa Map- KCH3M M SIGHHHHSM, B 6opp6e 8a mpeomone- He mepexuTKos 6ypxyasHoro Mupoco- SepuaHHa, 3a MpHHUMMHaNbHyIO “ACTOTY Mapxcusma, poc H spen Hucrutyt KpacHolt mpoeccypy, mpenctasnaa camywo nepeno- BY KOMMYHUCTHYCCKYIO HayKy H OTHaBat CBOM CAMB Ha BEITOMHeHMe Samay MapTHH pa6ouero Kjacca B wx 6ops6e sa KOMMy- vam. Ee pesynbTat waxonunu cBoe orpaxeuue B crelHanbuwx cOopHuKax M Mouiorpadusx, BEIycKaemuxK ero yueHH- amu. Hanpumep, 8 cOopuuxe «Pyccxaa HCTOpHYeCKaA NHTepatypa B KsaCCOBON OcBeWeHHM> MpHue 6x cnenaH Ha 6yp- 2yasHy10 uCTOpHorpabui. B mpyrux pa-Gorax Gun BCKPLITH OULMBoMHEe, He- MapKcuctcKue ycraxopxu Poxxoa, TLe- xanoza, Tpoukoro. Uro 2ke Zan naptua H pa6owemy Kmaccy 3a ronti cnoero cymectaonanua Hxcratyt Kpackolt npodeccypst B o6slacTH ucropuin? He6onpuoe ucropueckoe oTHeneHHe, op- TAHWS30BaHHOe HX HEM3MEHHO pyKOBORMMOE M. H. Tokposckum, sbipocno 92 necaTe eT B COMMTHLA CaMOCTOATEIBHEA Mucru- ‘tyt_ucropun. Tipweenem o6uue maHune mpuemos 4 BLINYCKOB HCTOpHKoB, XapakTepHsylowHe HMHAMUKY “pasBHTHA UCTOpHYecKorO oTse- JeH4a M mpespalliexua ero B MHCTHTYT. ommenenuw KomaxaneMuy, HaCuHTHBaW- wi oxono 40 yen.,H oTkpHBaeM bunman AKT s coctaze ayx cemunapos (waponos CCCP » Sanana) 8 Hnxuem-Hosropone. B 6nwxaiume rom 6yneT oTkpuT eme pan dunuanos. Huctutyt nctopan p Mo- ckee B GnHMalilMe Tpa-veTHpe roma BHIKYKMEH OFPaHHyHTbCA KOHTHHTEHTOM, npvOnugutenbuo B 500—600 cnymatened. OcHosHad HHUA ero NambHeluiero pocta jOmKHa OWT Hanpapnexa Ha opranHaattino u o6cayKuBaHHe gumuanos B KpynHell- wx WeHTpax. Oxonyusue ga necath net ucropaKi B HacTomulee BpeMA pacnpenenmoTca cne- YOM o6pasom: Toxw Mpuem-| Bunyex | ie i Bmpopununn| | 90 sl eo lbs 1922 22.0: 13 = | 8) 88 12 lo 13 ec 12 = | S| 33 52 9/8| 1924 2 12 12 BEES ale 1928 tt 15 12 | m | O8 ima bis 1926 ...... 20 10 | 1927... 24. 25 10 Actopun napom.s CCCP| 31 43 6 Al 1928 tt 32 3 Weropan waponoa 32-| 1929 22 lt 26 13 |vnaas see faa] 9 | 4 | 39 RE 556600 34 28 Woropiu Hapozoe Bo-| 1931 (ausaps) . | 37 = Grogan sa Gil G || lit 1931 (ocens) . 130 34 - ( | 384 | 122 Bee © 54 | 59) oc Li Vrax, 9a gecaTb net cero BinyieHO 122 ven. Yacts cnymatenei Bu6una Ha paGory HM mo GonesHM, Yacts Ouna uc KmloueHa MO pasmH4Hsim MotHBam. B Ha- crommee Bpema Huctatyt umeet 250 yen. Pas6asKka m0 orgenenuam mM KypcaM mpen- cTaBaserca B CnenywUlem BAe | lg. |g. ig gle |. I =. ye |S Sa Gee lgSelés 22 | SSD/SEEEES|ZE 8 ® | 6 20/5 88 6 salle s (ocenuni) . 1 (anpapoxni). — = KS a Beero no or- ReNeHHO. | Kpoxe toro mix umeem xopouto pa6orai0- muit WIKI ucropan np nexuarpancxom Ae Konuyectsennit poct Muctutyta co- Mposoxksanca Mm COOTBETCTBYIOMIMM ero KaveCTBeHHHM yayquenHem. B ua6opax 1921—1925 rr. mona cay- sKaulMx Kone6netca or 84 no 94%, B TO BpeMa Kax pa6owe cocTaanany oT 8 no 15%. Heckonsko ynyymanot cocras Ha6opHl, BKMIOWHBUIME yyKe cnywaTene, OKOHYHBILMX MORTOTOBHTeMBHOe oTmeNe- nue. Tax, B rons 1926—1930 noma eny- KaUlux KonebmeTcA OT 60 no 68%, a pa- 6o4x oT 20 no 37%. Taxoe xe coorHome- Hue H B Unpax Bbinycxa. Hayunaa c 1924 no 1928 r., npoweut pa6owux cpemn BLINYCKHAKOB 6811 CORepILLEHHO HUYTOReEH, cayaulve coctasnanu or 90 no 100%. Tax, BpinycKu 1924, 1927 u 1928 rr. nanw 100% cnyxauux. 3a sta nats ner wa o6wero coctapa 47 yen. oKoHYHBLIHX — paéounx 62110 TonbKO 3. Oyenb He Ha- MHOrO yy'4UIMNCA COuMaNbHBH cocTaB mocnenHux BEinycKop. C 1929 no 1931 r. cnyKaulue coctasnawoT ot 74 mo 80%. 23B o6mem us 1220KOHHYMBUNX UKM ucropuu 3a necatune- THe cnyKamue CocTaBns- wT 84%, KpecThaHe—3% u pa- 6oune — 13%, Tluue B nocsenHee BpeMa B CaASH C po- crom o6ulero KoxTuHrenta Mucturyra, Mposenenwa sHayntenbHo pa6oTit no op- ranusauuK Ha6opa H oT6opa nocrynai- WHX MBI 3aMe¥aeM 3aMeTHMIe CABUTH. Ocenuua npwem 1931 r. nan 64% pa6ouux. B wactosmee BpeMa B oOmemM coctase Hn cTHTyTa yoenbuHH Bec pa- 6ouux pape 50%. Cpeanui nap- THHHEIA CTam cnyulaTened paBHseTcs, NpH- MepHO, ONMHHAQUaTH romaM. SHayHTeNbHadt WacTh ‘TOBapHlleH MpAXoMT c OONBILHM. cTaxKeM MpakTHyecKoH, NapTHiHo ¥ mpy- rot paotit. B nocnenem Ha6ope Topapx- WM, MIpMulenwine HeMocpencTBeHHO C Map- tuiKoH paboTHl, cocrasnaiT 30% ¢ muu- HHM, C COBETCKOM, mpoeccHonanbHot Hw npyroit oxono 30%, c yue6u u mpenona- BaTenbCkoH pa6oTH TakiKe, MpHMepHo, onHa Tpets. TlocturnyT pesynbtaTsl 1 mo Bep6oBKe oxenwMH B Muctutyt. B coctane BuinyuleH- HEX KEHUIMHEI CocTaBraioT 18%, B HaGope Texyuiero rona — 23%. B coctase cnywatened MKII ucropun npencrapnenst 22 HaywoHambuoctH. Sxa- BuGanotexa HEM MUTENDHLIM LOCTHKEHHEM, KOTA elle O¥EH HeMOCTaTOWHBIM, ABNAETCA ROBMeHeHHE rpynntt 8 30 ¥en, HauHOHanoB—npencTaBH- Tene copeTcKoro Boctoxa # oxono 20 ¥en. npencraputeneit sananuEix HayHoHanbHo- creit. 24 Or anannsa coctasa Unctutyta o6pa- THMCH K COME PK ANH Ero pabor. OcvopHoe conepxanne yueOHLIX MIaHOB, TMporpaMM HCCHEMOBATEMECKHX CeMHHApoB LeNHKOM OTIpenenANOCe OOuM sazauaMH CTOpHuecKoro (pouta. Kak ocyuiecTanan OCHOBHEI€ OTNEMeHHA YKTI uctopun caou nomuraveckue H Ha- yuHble NOporu Ha pasHbix stanax? B otme- mewwn Haponos CCCP noura KarKnnit TOM CTaBHMCh CeMHHapHl, B KOTOpBIX NOWBEprasiMch TeTanbHoMy pas6opy u pas- o6nayenmio ucTopHieckue cxembI Ynepu- Ha, Conosseza, JIaspoza, Wlanoza, Kmio- yesckoro, Mumioxosa, TInexanopa, KoH- yenuun cnasskobunos, denepanucros, a B Mocnennwe rom Tpouxoro, I’ pywescKoro 4 np. Maysanucp rctopayeckue parnane meKka6pxcTos, O6ulecTBeHHEIX DeaTene 40— 60-x rogos (Tepuex, Yepxpmescknii). B pe- aymbtate pa6oT STHX CeMHHapos Buen COopHHK Oo pyccKoH HcTopHorpadun B mpouecce usy¥eHHa HW KPMTHKH Gyp- dKyaSHOH HM MeHBUeBHCTCKOH HCTOpHorpa- uu, a Tawxe B cneuManbHEX HCCHeROBa- TeNbCKMX CEMMHapaX 3a MMHYBLee NECATH- neTHe 6b paspa6oTaHb! ysnoBHle mpo- 6nemu uctopHn 6uBUeH UapcKo# Poccun. Tipo6memil KpenocTHH4ecTBa, pyccKoH o6- WHEL, MPOHCKOMMeHHA caMonepKaBHa, MeTpOBCKHe petPopMH, HCTOPHA, CYWIHOCTE M Mocnenctaua pedopmu 1861 r., Kpe- CThAHCKHe NEW KEHUA, ReKaOpucTH, c6ute- CTBeHHEIe mBHxKeHHA 40—60-x ronos, pe- BOMWOUHOHHOe HapOmMHM4eCTBO— BCe 3TH BOMPOCHI MOMBeprankch CepbesHOMy Hsy4e- HM B ceMuapax KIT. Ha 6a3e mpoxowkmeHua HHCTHTYTCKHX KYPCoB BHUIeN pan nevaTHbx pa6oT Mo- HOMBX HCTOPHKOB: MO KpenocTHHeCTBy, TO KpeCTbAHCKHM PeBOMOUNAM, To neKab- puctam, 60-M romaM, HCTopHa HapomHHye- crea ut.n. BKM ucropun 6sin opramn- SOBaH Wenbiit pan CepbesHemHx nHcKyC- cuit. Tlocnenime curpana ucKmountenb- HY ponb B BLIpAGOTKE NeFHHCKOTO NOHH- MaHHs HcTopuHecKoro mpouecca. CucTema- THYECKaA KPUTHKA TPOUKHCTCKOH TeopHi oO MPOHCKOMMEHHH CaMOnepKaBAA, pellH- TenbHoe paso6navenke omM6ouHbIx ycTa- HoBOx T. [y6poncKoro Hi eFo SaliHTHAKOB B MOHMMaHHH mpo6nem o6ulecTBeHH0-9K0- HOMHYEeCKHX qopMauuit, yaCHeHHe pana BOMpOCOB, CBASAHHBIX C KPeNOCTHHYECTBOM, camonep»kaBHeM H pomblO TOproBoro Kan#-YnvanonwA gan UnerHtyta xpace wow npodeccypy. Tana, 611n0 rpoMamHbiM SaBOcBAaHHEM HCTO- puseckoro @pouta. Suauutembuyio ponb curpana Tae peumTenbuat Gonbune- BHCTCKad KPHTHKA BsrnanoB Teonoposnya H Tex, KTO B TOH WMH Apyroit dopme ero saliluilian no Bonpocy 06 ucTopux «Ha- POMHOH BonH>. Hapany c STuM sHayMTenbHoe BHUMaHHE ynensnocb arioxe uMnepHanusma. ITpo6ne- Ma xpOHOmOrHH, ComepKaHHe, OCO6eHHOCTH anancozoro Kanutana u umnepuanwsma B Poccuu yoKe HeCKONBKO neT nogpepra- JOTCs CepbesHoH MUCKyCCHH. 3a ato BpeMa MOASHIIaCb © SHAYHTeENbHaA mwTepatypa, TpaktyloWwad 2TH BoNpocHr TaKxKe cepbes- HO CTABHITHCb OTAeNbHLE Mpo6nemet arpap- oro passuraa Poccu. Tlonsepranuce paspa6orKe BOMpocHt, CBASAaHHHe c sme- HHHCKUM TMOHHMAHHeM RByX NyTelt pasBi- THA, CYIHOCTS CTOMBINMHCKOR pebopmet M pam mpyrax. B wextpe BHHMaHKA CTapuIMx KypcoB cTapatca mpo6nema! pesomounn 1905 r., paGouero H KpeCTBAHCKOrO MBWKEHUA 10 H nocne BoMHH, HByYeHHA mpemmoceinoK M xona Oxta6ppcKoH pesomounn Hw rpa- JKNAHCKOH BOHBI, O6iuHe paGoTH no pe- pomolusm 1905 u 1917 rr. (ovepxu mon pen. M. H. MoxposcKoro spnaiotca uTo- ToM pa6ot pyxoBORMMoro uM ceMMHapa WKI), cneunampysie pa6orer mo ucTopuH Mpennocunok OxTs6pEcKoit pesomounu, No UCTOPHH CoBeTOR, pa6ouero UBHKEHHS, KPeCTLAHCKOrO BHXEHUA, TO HCTOpHH TpaxnancKol BOW ABHNHCh peaynbTa- TOM MpakTHYeCKOro BLINOMHEHHA NporpaMM HKIM. Kpome toro pan uxanncros yua- crsopan 8 pa6ote mo HcTopaa napTuw « MO OTHENbHBIM BOMpocaM, CBASaHHBIM C HCTOpHe HauMoHanbHuXx pecny6nuK H o6nacteit. Banamoe ornenenwe pa6orano, mpa- MepHo, B TOM Xe Hanpasnenau. Tloutn BCE FONE MePBBI€ KYPCH 8ANaLHUKOB 3aHH- MAMch Hay4eHHeM TeHesHCa KanuTamMaMa TnaBHBM o6pagom Ha npumepe AHraMH (cemmapst Casuxa u Kocmunckoro no Aurnua XVI—XVII BB.) 4 HcTOpHet yTonu4eckoro coulanuama —_(cemunap. Bonruua). Ha sropux xKypcax o6HuHO crapumich CemuHapst no wcTopHorpabun Benuxolt panuyscKo% pesomounu B ce- munapax H. M. Jlyxuua, uaysanvce KoH- uenuuu Muse, Tpepa, Jlamaptuna, Jlyn Brana, Jlopenua Wreina, Toxsunsa, Towa, Onapa, Kopeca, pyccxolt wkons’ (Kpo- noTkHH, Jlyyuuxwi, Kosamescxui, Ka- pees), HAKOHeH, Ha TpeTLHX Kypcax cTa- BHNOCh H3YYeHHE repMaHCKOH C.-n. map- tun (Jlyxum, Panex) unm dpanuyscxore: pa6ouero MEMKeHHA No BOKHE (ceMMHAp Tlyxwua). B ono Bpema Guin cneunanb- HEI CeMMHap To H8yYeHHIO HCTOpHYeCKOH Konuenunn [lonuia w ero wKonH. Paso6naienve 6ypxyasHoit HC... KCTO- pHorpadun m Ha ceroqHAWHHit neHb MMeeT HCKMIOYHTEMBHOG NOMHTHYECKOe SHAYeRHe. Paéora, nponenanuan B sTok o6nactu HcTopHxamH Sanama, WenHKOM BLITeKana v3 samay naptaa u Komuutepna. B pesynptate mpoxounenua yue6noit MporpaMMbI BHWeN pan meyaTHEIx pa6oT 25Tlo OTMeNbHBIM BONPOCaM HCTOpHH BenuKxod panuyscKok pesomounn, mo HCTOpAH CouMaNHCTHYeCKHX He, MO OTLENbHEIM Bompocam pa6overo MBMKeHHA, B_YACTHO- CTH paouero mBMKeHHs B arloxy HMTepH- amusma. To wHnunatase MKIT x riasinim o6pasoM cHmaMH KOHYHBUIMX H Mponon- 2KBIOWINX yye6y MOMOMBX HCTOPHKOB Mmpo- BeyeHa B 9TOM Tony o6ilaa mHCKyccus © MONOKEHHM Ha SallaNHOM y4acTKe HCTO- puseckoro @pouta, KoTopaa BCKpEINa sHa- MHTeNBHBIe HenoctaTkKH B pa6oTax HCTO- PUKOB-MAPKCHCTOB, OTMeTHNAa pesKoe oT- crapaitme pa6orH HcTopuKos oT Tpe6osa- HHH COUMANMCTHYECKOrO CTpoMTeNECTBa H MexyHaponHoro pa6o¥ero UBMKeHHA 1 HaMeTHJIa OCHOBHEIE HHHH MoBopoTa. Boctounoe oTmeneHHe mo mocmeqHero Toma He HMeno YeTKo opopmneHHoro Mpo- guna cBoe pabots, BemencrsHe Yero MporpaMMHl BOCTOHHHKOB He HMeMH Ompe- ReneHHOH WeneBow yctanoBKH. JInmb nocne peopraHHsaluH BOCTOUHOrO oTReNeHHA OHO momyyWno onpenenenHoe Hanpasne- nue. B HacToauee Bpema cmyulaTen# BOCTOYHOTO OTMENCHHA B OCHOBHOM HBy- 4aloT MCTOpuio sapy6exHoro Bocroxa # cneqHanusupyiores 10 HCTOpHH BaKneli- wax ctpan (Kurai, Wxnus, Anoxus, Typuaa, Apasua). Cunamu HeGonbuloro KonmeKTHBa BO- STOUHHKOB MIpH MoMOUIH Bcei napTHitHol sMeiKH MpoBeneHa AUcKyccHA © NoMOKe- BHM Ha BOCTOKOBeRueCKOM dpoxte. [xc- KYCCHs BCKpRUIA Nem pan rpy6etmunx 26 SanATHA CemnHapa no KeTOPHK Mpone- Tapnata (Hn-T eTopan HEN) NOMMTHYeCKHX OIHOOK, MONYUeHHHX BO- cTOKOBeHaMH-MapKCHCTaMH. B Hactoauee spema mouTH BCe ocHOB- HBIe Hay'YHO-HCCNenOBaTenbCKHe = HHCTH- TYTHI KOMMMIEKTYWTCA CHNAMH OKOHYHBLIAX MIKI ucropun. To wmeouumca y Hac naH- HEM, lO Kpaiiuet Mepe, 55 Toaapuuel, Kouduaulax paxee HKIT, 7. e. 45% o6uiero KOMHYeCTBAa, BeMyT cei¥ac aKTHBHYIO HC- cnenonatenscxyi pasoty. TIpx stom Heo6xomHMo nomyepKHyTs, uro Han6onee KaNHTanbHBle HCTOpHueCKHE Ha4HHaHKA TOCHenHero BpeMeHM rilaBHEIM c6pasom Gasupyiotes Ha Hay'o-Hccnen0- RaTenbcKo# padote oxonumeimax HKII. C Hx NOMOUIbIO NPOHCXONHT panuKanbHan nepecrpolixa Akanemua Hay B JleHuH- rpane, B Benopyccuu, wa Yxpaune. B pa6otax mo «Mcropuu rpaxnancKoa soiinn x «Mctopan a6pux m saBonoB», HawaTHX B WIMPOKOM mae Mo mocTaHo- Bnexao LK BKI(6), camoe Hemocpen- crBeHHoe H PyKOBonAUlee NOTOmeHHE 3a- HUMAaWT TaKKE MCTOPHKH, OKOHYMBLIMe KI. Hay4Ho-xccnenopatenbckaa pa6ota B Vueratyte uctopuu Komaxanemun uenu- KOM TIOYTH MpOBOMHTCA OKOHYHBLIUMH VKII, sauumaiouumn B Hem pykosonamee ronomenue. TIpa atom MoxHO OTMeTHTb ulapoKo passepiysillyioca pa6ory mo HcTO- pu nponerapuata CCCP, Koropo# crapuie GypxKyasHule WCTOpHKH coBepuleHHo He sanumanucp. U3 cemuapos M. H. Toxpos- CKOrO BHIXOMMNM H BLIXORAT HO CHX TOppce OcHOBHEe uM Brepawe paspaboTannne COopHuKH Mo HcTopHH 1905 r. H no HCTOpHH Oxtaépeckok pesonouuu. Tor xe AKI Jan Kamps u nna o6cny:KHBAHUA HW _PyKO- BOMCTBA BCEX OCHOBHEIX H€ TONBKO HCTOpH- HECKHX, HO H MapTHHHEIX opraxoB nevaTH. AGconotHoe 6ombuUINHCTBO ToBAp HMC Benet Oonbulyio nenarorayeckyio pasory uctatyt pam 6onee 150 npenonasatencit BICC Kone (43 OKOHYHBUMX HKII u cnymarer’ III xypca). B o6nactu sapoe- paHua piiculell wkoms Hucratyt noctar SHaYHTEMHBIX ycnexoB.ORHOM H8 HEOTAONK- HEIX 9a]]a¥ ABMACTCA MOMTOTOBKa MapK- CHCTCKH BLIMepKAHHEIX, XOpOllo CocTaB- JHHUX yYe6HHKOB To MCTOpMyecKHM TMC- WHNAMHaM IIA BCeX CTyMeHeH HapomHoro mpocremlenia. Llennii pan cnyuwlatenei, OKOHYHBUINX KI, waxonutca Ha pykosomauiel map- tTwinof paGote. Kpome rapruiino# pa6orst ace CuLYUIaTeNH BERYT HeMIpepHBHY1 Mpons- BoncrseaHyi npakTuxy B Komuntepue, Tipodunrepe, AMOJI, 8 apxnpax, B KOMUCCHH lO H3MaHHIO MaTepHanos rpa- dKTaHCKOH BOHHE HT. 1. KI uctopuu 6bin HHHUHaTOpoM Mu TO cero BpeMeHH Hapsany ¢ HCTOpHKO-napTHit- HLM HHCTATYTOM SBNAeTCR OCHOBHOH 6a- so O-za veTOpHKoR-MapKcucToB. O6ule- cTBo 6Lino NepBow opranvsayned, o6senH- HUBWeH CHeyMaNHcTOR ompeneneHHOH oT- pacnu Hayxu. Ilo ero npHMepy opraHHso- pan cefuae Uenbit pan nonc6uEIx oCLenH- Sanatua cemmuapa no keTopam 8 MucTHTyTe dunocopnn Henuit. OcHosHok samayeli O-na spnanach KOHCOSHMALNA CHM HCTOPHKOB-MapKCHCTOB Ha 6ase opr 6m 3a NORNHHYyIO MapKcucT- CKO-ReHHHCKyIO MeTOnONOrHID, nelicTBH- TeMbHO Hay4HOe HByseHUe HCTOpHH, 6opE- 6a ¢ paanuuHoro pola yknoHamH or MapKCHSMa-NeHHHHSMa, BeMeHHE WMpOKOH TONYAApPHZaTOpCKOH M MaCcOBOH paGoTEI mo BOMpocaM MCTOpHH KNaccoBoi GopLénl. Boe atu ycrexu Konnextusa Mucratyta HCTOPHM OLIN BOSMOKHBI 6naronapa pelln- TeNLHOMY NPOBeLeHHWO reHepanLHO NHHH mapTHu M MocnenopaTenbHow G6opb6nl Ha nea poxta. Tapruimuit xonnexras H-1a KpacHoi npodeccypsl BHIpoc M saKaNMNcH B HenpumupuMoit Gopp6e sa rexepanbuyio mMHMO napTaH. B neppie romy cyule- crsopanus Vuctatyta napram mpuuioce Mpopectu Gombulyi padoty no pasrpomy BIUSHHA TPOUKHCTCKOH onnosuunn 8 HH crutyte “ ounctke Mucrutyta of Tpou- KUCTOB. Bnaronaps pa6ore, nposenenHoii nap- Tuell, B aCTHOCTH 6naromapa yny¥LeHMo napriiuoro H COuUManbHoro cocTaBa cnyuarenell, TpoUKHCTCKaa onnosHuHA B Viscratyte 6sina pas6uta m ayeixa AKI cnenanach OnNOTOM TlapTHH B Gops6e c TpouKHamom. Bops6a c pashan yknowucrama co- cTapuyia onHY u3 Hav6onee spKUx cTpa- HMB HcTOpHH sayerixn HKI. Mpapue YKNOHKCTE OmHpanHcs Ha OyxapHAcKyio wxony, mpenctapurenn Kotopoit—fuacrs 27mpenomapatene UKII u ornenbuble cny- waren —MbiTanuck MepeTsHyTe s4eiKy MKT] xa cropony npasux. Yrnavos nu ranca onepetsca Ha O1opo suelixu MKT. Ho mpapuie xxecToKo mpocunranuce. Sluefixa UKTI cpasy xe nana um G6ecno- wannbit oTnop. Biopo aveaiku 6pino nepe- va6pano. Tlepsoe nopaxerue Yrnayopy B MOCKORCKOi OpraHHsalHH GLIIO HaHEceHO uMeHHO B s4ueiKe MKIT, 4 6yxapuncnan kona 6siia usrHana u3 cre KIT. «Jlesaku» uw mpapo-enepanKHli> 670K, TOMO6HO =EBCeM AHTHMapTHAHWM OMMOsH- WHAM, CeanM nonuTKH cosnaTs B HKIT cace smpo. Ho om morepnenn pewutenb- Hoe mopaxenxe. Seika HKII caoe- BpeMenHo MOGunugoBanacb Ha Gopb6y MIPOTHB «eBallKHXs HW MpaBo-«eBayKux HactpoeHwit H aya HM COKpylIMTesBHEH ormop. CkoHCONHZHPOBAHHE Ha OCHOBe reHe- paNbHOH NMHHM NapTHH napTKoMMeKTHS WIKI apnsetca mpowno#, HenoKone6u- MoH onopo% nenuucKoro Llearpanbxoro KoMuteTa B 6opb6e 3a rexepanbuyio nH- HMO MapTun, B 6ops6e mporus Tpoukusma M MIpaBoBoro ornmoptyHHama, B Gope6e 3a couManHsM. Hapsny c ocTmKeHHamu“ B pa6oTe VAKIT 6s01 pan KpynHuix HemocTaTKoB, oTpaxaloWlHX obulee TomoKeHHe Ha HCTO- puyeckoM ponte: HemoctaTouHO peulH- TenbHHM MOBOpoT HM Nepectpoiixa, orcra- paHve oT OCHOBHEIX 3a/la4, CTOAMMX nepem naprueg # KomyutepHom, He WenHuKoM 28 MpOBeHeHHaR YBASKA TeOpHH ¢ MpaKTH- Ko# MT. mL. Tipu sTom oco6ex#o BaXxHEIM sBHNCH TOT MpopelB, KOTOpPLit CHrHamHsHpoBan B cBoel crate «O HexoTopsix Bonpocax vctopux 6onbuesamay T. CranuH. Stor MpOpHE cKasaNca mpexme Bcero B TOM, 4uTO NOsyHT NapTHiixoctH B HCTOpHye- CKOH HayKe elle NomHocTbIO He 6bin peanH- 30BaH, YTO salaya BHKOpYesHEaHHA on- TOpTyHHCTHYeCKHX TeOpHii BLINONHeHa nNO- Biopo_ auehkw BHT (6) HnotHty Ta MOTOpHH OGcyMAaeT —AWCLNO 7. Crannna, XO, 4TO GONbIeBHCTCKaa HempHMAPHMOCTe HW MapTHivad OmutTenbHocTE elle He Co- CTABMAIOT OCHOBHOTO HanpaByeHHA Haweit pa6orit. Crates T. Cranwua noxagana, ¥To HCTOPHKH-KOMMYHHCTHL — HECBOeBPeMeHHO paso6mauanu KouTpa6anny TpouKHCTCKOrO xJlaMa, H€pewHTebHO BCKpHBANK rpy6eH- wwe nonuTayecKHe omm6KH. CpenH HcTO- PHKOB-KOMMYHHCTOB WMe1OT MecTO elle H ceituac aneMenTit m#6epanbHoro oTHoUIe- HMA K TPOUKHSMY HM TPOUKUCTCKM MNCHA- mM mona. Uupoxoe cOcyxmeHHe CraTbH 7. CramHHa, BCKOMBXHYBLei BCIO Maccy HCTOPHKoB, paso6naunno uenwi pan dak- TOB NIpAMO KOHTpabaHabl, BCKPbIO SHAY TENbHOC KOMMYECTBO OWUHOOK, JIbIOWMX BOLY Ha MenbRMUy CnyuKux 4 Bonocesnyen. OGcyxumeHHe pesKo momyepKHysO CBOe- BPEMEHHOCTh WM HCKIIOYHTeNbHOe MpHHUH- MHanbHoe sHavenve yKasanui T. Cranuna. Cratea T. Ctanmua moctasua M Bompoc o tenataxe. Llenbit pan BaxHermux mpo- 6nem mpomcxonnued Knaccopot G6opr6st octazanca BHE MONA SpeHUA HCTOPHKOB- mapxcuctop. Hau6onee pe3 koe oTcta-panne WMeeT MeCTO Ra SamaqHOM yuAacTKe Mcropwyeckoro dpoxta. OrnocutensHo myume peno o6cTouT Ha poute wetopuu Haponon CCCP, xors H SEC HMeeTCH PAM CYLIECTBEHHLIX HELO- crarkop, Cna690 moka ellie passepTbiBanoch HCCHEROBAKHE TpaxMaHcKoH BOMMBI M HH- teppenunu, xoTa M. H. MoxposcKu’ ee B 1924 r. nocraaun cneuHanbHB cemunap no HoTOpHH rparxmancKoi Boktnb. He BKM0- MeHi B KaMeCTBE COBEKTOB HCTOpHYeCKOrO MCCIEMOBAHHA HCTOPHA Hama M BOCCTAHO- puTenbHoro Tepwona. Bavxuelimiam Hemo- cTaTKOM sBIAeTCA TO, iTO CaMOe co3maHue HCTOPHH HaponoB CCCP ectbh eme meno Oynyme- ro» (Toxposckui). Ho eux mop ucto- puKu HpeaBbiuaiiHo Maso 8aHHMAIOTCA HCTO- pHei HauMoHaNbHHX pecny6nuK Hu o6ma- cTeH. OrctapaHwe TeMaTHKH CKaSbIBasOCb w Ha TIporpamMax Huctatyta, oco6eHHo Ha samalHoM oTneTeHHH. He meee peso orcrapanne ckasasoch oHa pasBepTMBaHwH =MaccoBOH pa6édoTH. Y Hac upessiivaiino ma- jlo HacTOsUle KBenubuuMpoBanHod nomy- MAPHOH VCTOPHYeCKOM mHTepatypE. Cna- 60 Take NocTaBmeHa pa6oTa mo cHcTema- THuecKoMy O6cHyKHBAHHIO KBANHHUApO- BAHHSIMH LOKMARYMKaMH WMpOKHX pa6ownx co6pauni. Kpyxxn maptasai, yuact- HHKOB TpaKknaHcKoH BoAHEI, paboune Ha gapone ROWKHEI MOMYWHTh B WAUe HKa- MHCTOB KBAaNHHUMPOBAHHEIX PYKOBOLH- Tenet H opraHnsaTopos. Vcropuxu orcranw Take u BM eT O- max pa6orni. IIpopemenue cuctempl mianu- POBaHHA, CaMOe AKTHBHOe BHEpeHHe Me- TOROB KONNeKTHBHOK pa6oTsl, ynapHuye- cTBa M COUMANHCTHYECKOrO COpeBHOBAHHA Heo6XONMME HB TeopeTHYeCKoH pa6ore. Muctutyr ucropxx w O-Bo vcTopuKos- MAPKCHCTOB NONMHBI B3ATb Ha CeOA MaHH- pyomme @yxKunw. Sto nossonut Gonee ycneuino # 6xicTpo BHenpsTS KomeKTUB- HbIe MeTORH pa6oTEI Ha OcHOBe couManu- cTM4ecKoro CopesHoBaHna. B wactosuiee pea Ha Bcex yuacrKax MCTOPHYECKOrO (poHTa MpPoMCXoNHT ompe- neneHuuli me pemoM, montarnsanne PANOB, MOGHIM3AIMA CH Ha BLINONHeEHHe sama4, BEIMBHraembix napTuei v Komun- repHom. Hoxnamu 1. Mawyunscxoro Kuopuna, siictynneuua T. Moxposcxoro, IMCKYCCHH SHAYHTENBHO paclueBenHNH BCID Maccy HCTOPHKOB H MOCTaBHIM nepen HHMH pan Heornomnenx sanay, Crarba 7. Cranuna MOMHss1a BCO CYMMY BOMpOCoB Ha HOByIO MpHHUMNHAbHY!O BEICOTY, MocTaBuna ¢ HCKMOWMTENBHOM YeTKOCTEIO Mpobnemy nap- ‘TMHHOCTH B MCTOpM4ecKo HayKe. B atom H BaKMIONaeTCR CoMep»KaHHe BCero MORO- pora. Wuctutyt no6unca pana nocTuKennit B MpakTH4eCKOM OcyulecTBeHHH " MOBO- pora. PanukanbHo nepecmorpersi Bce ripo- TpaMMbl, COBepUIeHHO 3aH0B0 mocTpoeH yue6unii naw. Ha nepssx Kypcax Bcex oTmeneHHi BCe BHHMaHHe cyyulateneit cocpenoTowupaerca Ha w3yucHHu paGor Mapxca, Surensca, Jlesuia wu Cranuna. Hauunaa co BToporo Kypca, ace cnytia~ rena pa6otawt m0 cneumanbHoctn. Sanan- HHKH CNelManvSMpyioTca Ha HSy4eHHM OT- membublx crpa. Ceiiuac yoxe pa6oraiwr rpynms mo HS3yHeHHIO 3KoHOMMYECKOrO pa3BHTHA H MaccoBoro paGoyero mBHKe- HHS B STIOxy HMTIepvanuama BO DpaHunn, Tepmauun, Tonsue uv Amepuxe. B texy- mem rony 6ynyt opraxsosanti rpynna no Aurnuw, Vranuu, aumutpcbam uw GankancKum crpaxam. Cosnaetcs cemunap no H3yYeHHIO POM GombienusMa B MeKnY- HapomHoM pa6oueM MBWKEHHH, B pesymb- Tate KOTOPOro MOsKeH MONYYKTECA OOcTO- srenbHbti cOopaux. B uedtpe BHumanua ‘TpeTbero Kypca mocTapmexe! BOMpocE! Moc- nesoexHOrO Tepuona (Macconoe paGoxee BMKeHHe, SSOMOUNA C.-1., daLiiaM, HCTO- pus 6patcKux KomnapTui). Ilo taxomy »Ke MIpHHUHNY NET CheuvanHsallMa BOCTOURH- xos. B 6nwxaviuuit ron 6ynet nevicTBoRaTb rpynna no uctopuu Kuras, Muaun, Typ- uuu. ctopuxx Haponos CCCP cneumann- supyorcs no mpo6nemam ” MCTOpHH oT- RENbHHX HAUHOHATbHEIX pecny6nuK. B HacToaulee BpemMa BTOpoH Kypc B cocTaBe MATH CEMHHapoB SAHAT HBYYEHHEM HCTOPHH Oxta6pscxoH pesonouau. Tpernii xypc nenvKoM pa6oraer Ham mpo6nemamu rparx- JaHCKOH BowHE (Kom¥AKOBUIHHa, REHHKMH- WIMHa, NeTMOpoBLINHa, aHTOHOBUINHa, WHTEPBEHUMA, PONb B HAX Ka3aKOB, SCepOB MeHBUeBHKOB HT. 11.) CeMunap anBapcKo- To HaGopa saHHMaeTca Mpo6memamH HCTO- pu Mponetapwata M nocTeneHo BKmONae- TCH B H3y¥eHHe HcTOpHH 3aBomoB. TIpo- TpaMMit tpe6yioT nanbHelimero yrounenaa, 29B YACTHOCTH, Oco6oe BHUMAHHe TOMKHO GLITb YReMeHO MpaBHABHOMy CooTHOWIEHHIO B Hay¥enuu pasniuuux anox. Hanaxupaer- ca Mpou3oncTBeHHaa npaxTuKa. SuasH- TenbHo ynyuulen yue6usit npouecc, ynnor- HeHB! Harpy3kH yue6Horo BpemexH, OpH- Talla CTAHOBUTCA MOCTeNeHHO OCHOBHOH Mpo- HSEONCTBCHHO enuHAueH. Mmewtca HeKo- TopHe ycnexu B o6macTH BHenpeHKa KON- SeXTHBHEX MeTOAOS paoTH, MomHATHS yue6uoi RMCHHMTAHE, ay4eHHa MHOcT- pawHux sasuKos. Tposenennan Gonpwas pa6ota no nepessiGopam napropranusannit noKagamia SHaduTeENBHO! PocT yposKA Map- THHHOH HOIsHH. Hapsny c stam uMeorca sHaynTenbHBe HeMOCTaTKH B NOMOKeHHH yue6HOH pa6oTEt, B pa6ore mpenonapatene#, B opranuganud MPOHSBORCTBEHOH MpakTHKM, O4eHb cna- 60 pasBuTo couManucTHNecKoe CopeBHOBa- uve, He HAaLINH noctaTouHoro mpaKTHye- Koro npumexewa B Muctatyre mectb yenopnit T. Cranuna, Eme Gonbue xpyn- HeHWMX HenocTaTKOB VMeeTCH MO NuHKH viccenoBatenucKo pa6orit. YncratytcK KonnexTHs nonKeH Ha 6ase TilaTenbHeliuero avanwga npoiinen- HOrO RECATHNETHErO NYTH, YYHTHBad BCE TOCTHKEHHA, HERONETEI WH OLIHOKH, MO- GompilepucTcKH MCOMNM30BaTb BCe CHALE Ha Gecnomanuoe pasobmauenne Bpaxneb- vow vcropuorpadum, Ha HenpumupHMyio 6ope6y ¢ mpoasaeHnem npaworo onnopry- HH3Ma, MpOHOMMaloUlero OCTAaBaTECA riaB- HoH ONacHOCTh, C pasmw4Horo pona wie- BauKHM> sarn6aMu,— 3a MOMHATHe Ha. BBICIIY!O CTYMeHb Napraiinoctu B MCTO- pHyeckoH HayKe, OOMBbUIeEBHCTCKOH G6nH- TembHocTH H GoeBNe TeMNe pa6oTHl. VMCTHTYTCKHA KONNEKTHB Ha STO OCHO- Be NOWKEH CHITpatb peulaoulylo pom B OCyIeCTBNEHHH CTOMb HaspeBulero MOBO- poTa Ha HCTOpH¥ecKoM ponte HB ycTaHoB- BeHHM NpHHUANHaNbHOM, ray6oKo map- THHHOM KOHCONMMauHH HCTOPHKOB-MapK- cucToB. - MOAHATb BONPOCbI WVCTOPHH BOJIbLUE- BUSMA HA JOJHHYIO BbICOTY, NOCTABMTb AENO USYYEHHA HCTOPHM HALUEM NAPTHM HA HAYY- HbIE, BOJIbLUEBUCTCHMs PEMbCbI HW SAOCTPHTb BHM VAHHE MPOTHB TPOLIKHCTCHUX WH BCAHKUX HHbIX WANbCHMUKATOPOB UCTOPHH HALUEM NAPTUM, CHCTEMATHYECHH CPbIBAR GC HUX MACHM». Cranun 3013 HCTOPHM BONBIIEBHEMA B. TPABE TIPAXKCKAS! KOH@PEPEHLIMA 1, SHAYEHHE FOQOBLIMHB! MPAK- CKO KOH®EFEHLHK 18 susapa 1932 r. Henonusetoa MpanatHnerHAg TOROBIHHAa nparxcKot Kondepenyun 1912 r., KoTopad uMena HCKMIOYHTENBHO BAKHOe SHAYEHHE B Tene @BOCCOSMAHHA Halle mapTHH Kak o6ule- poccHiicKo = oopranusayuny. [pamckaa Konepenuua sanuMmaer omHo Wa HeHTpanb- HBIX MecT B HCTOpHH Hae maptHH. Bo- MIpeKH KJ@BeTHHYECKHM yTBepneHHAM TPOUKHCTCKHX KOHTPabaHAHCTOB, O6BHHHI0- WX 6oNbWEBHOM B HeMOOUeHKe ONacHOCTH eHTpHSMa B MpeLBOCHHEIA MepHon, Ton- ToTOBKa GOnbUIEBHKaMH NpaXcKoi KOH- epeHuMH, KOKCOMMMAWHA MapTHH, co3pa- He NOANHHHOrO GonbuIeBHCTCKOrO nap- THHHOTO eNMHCTBa NPOBOMUNHCh B OMKe- cToueHHo Gopp6e He TOMbKO C OTKpO- BeHHEIM ONNOPTYHH3MOM B JIMUe MpaBoro JHKBHATOPCTBA, HE TONLKO NPOTHB CMEI- KaBuleroca C HAM B pale BOMpOcoB «HK- BHATOPCTBA CieBa», HO HB Goppe ¢ MpHMH- PeHYecTBOM, B Gopb6e c WexTpHaMOM KaK Buytpa PCOPM, tak “ B sananHo-espo- mevcknx ¢.-2. napTuax II mHTepHalHo- ama. TIpaxckat Korepenuna nana apxuit NpHMep Toro, Kak rlaprus B 6opE6e npoTHB OTKPoBeHHOrO =H = TIpOTHB —MpuKpkITorO onnoptyHusma B NMUS YeHTpHaMa RO6H- wach nelicTeuTemsHoro napTHiiHoro enwH- crga He Ha nowse KaKUX-nK6O KOMMpO- MHCCOB C BpaokNeOHEIMM Te4eHHAMH, a TONE- KO Ha CCHORe pelwMTenHoH 6op6u npoTHE OnnMopTyHHaMa ECeX OTTEHKOB. Tlpaxckaa xonhepesuva vcKmoynna 43 TlapTH JIMKBHNATOpOB H cogjana mo- WUIMHHO §=60NbLIEBHCTCKMe §= eHTpabHLie yopexnenus napTun. Tipaxckat Konbepesuua 6bina saKmi0- uTeNbHEIM aTanOM B Gops6e 3a npeppa- wenne GonsuesuctcKoH dpakunn B pam- kax PopManbHO CHHHOM CHR. napa B camocTosTenbaAy® 6oubmesucTCKYO napTHD, I, BOPbBA C JIMKBHZATOPCTBOM CNPABA MH eCJIEBA» H C WIEHTPHS- MOM Bopb6a sa cosuip npaxckoli Kondeper uua 6x BMecTe c TeM pasMexeRKoit «10 BaKHeHWeMy TpKHUMMHanbHOMy BO- mpocy 0 AHKBHUHpoRaHHH Hamew map- Taw !, Osta Gopp6ok mpoTHE nuKBHNA- Toperna, Pycckoe nHKBunaTopcTBo MeiK- PeBONIOUKOHHOrO MepHona, ABNABLIeecH Mactbio MeMlyHaponHoro counan-pedop- MuaMa, 6LINO NanbHeluM sTaroM B pas BHTHH MeHbUeBHsMa—or ero sapoxKneHna B Mie SKOHOMHaMa Mo coBpeMenHoro: Mpespawjenua B YacTb MeKLyHApORHOro counan-aulnemMa, B mMepenozoii oTpsp. HMMepHanHcTCKOH 6ypxyasuH. Jlaxsunaropst, cHoTHBUIMeCa B «npoH- HMM aHTHMapTainBit WeHTp», oTpAXHyB- ule cBo# mpax oT momnons, mpenctas~ siaid co60I © «CcTOMBINHACKYIO _pa6oxyio Naprino», nocmanuyi ypkyasnelt HecTH «inepanbuni pasapar B padouyio cpeny> (Jlenun). B onecrouennolt Gopp6e cuenTpuctamu, w306paxkapuluMA —MKSURaTOpCT!O Kak «euyTpunapTHiivoe TeveHHe, NpHsiBaB- LINMa K OGbeRHHeHHO ¢ AMKBHRATOpCKHIE Tpynnkamn, Gonbuesaxu-neHUHUE! 10% Bal, YTO TONBKO Ha OCHOBe pelinTenbHCH Gope6ut mpoTHB AMKBunATOpCTBa, TONBKC Tp YCROBHM CKMOWeHHA NMKBHRATOpOE M3 TapThH BOIMOKHA NaptHiivaa padora 1 eww, co6p. cow., 2e nan., 7. XIV, orp. 313, 3tM oRelicTBHTeNLHO mapTHiiHoe ‘o6bemuHe- ume. [penuiectsonasminit npaxcKod KOH- epenunn aupapcxnit nnenym LK 1910 r. HECMOTPA Ha PAM MpHMMpeHYECKHX OMIH- 60x SBMIcA WaroM Bnepen B mene «pas- MeXEBKH MaprHH, No BaKHeHMeMy NpHH- munMamLHoMy Bonpocy O WMKBHMpOBaHHH Hawei naprau. Tinenym wecmorpa Ha BOK NpMMHpeH¥eckHe OWHOKH SABHIICA mce oe, TO cnopam JleHHa, Ha4¥anoM OOBeMMHEHHA BCeX TeX, KTO xoTen pa6o- Tat No-MaprHiiHoMy, HayanoM melicTBH- TeNbHOH ONHCTKM MapTHH OT BpaxncOHIX eH TeyeHHit. Onwako mpumupenyeckue OWH6KH me- MyMa OMIIH KOHeYHO HCOMbSOBaHL aHTH- waprai “MH rpynnaMnH Wiad paspepruipa- HHA LanbHeiwel 6op6s npoTHs napTHH. BeesosMomnse autunapraiiune rpynn- KM, OT JHKBHMaTOPOB Ho BMepenoByes HM Tpo Koro, ycunumM cBow nesopraHH3a- TopeKyio pasory. Bonbuiot oum6xKod nnenyma, chenaHvoit Mon HemocpencTseHHBIM BAHAHMeM TMpH- Mupenies, 6uin0 Takoe KOHCTpyupoBaHue HeHTpaNbHEIX yupenneHHii napTHH WB Ya- crHoctu LIK, KoTopoe toazosano NHKBM- naTopaM cpiisatb pa6ory, Hx B TedenHe HOYTH AByX NeT, t Tlpumupenweckwe ourm6xu sunapcKoro nmezyMa 61H HCMONbSOBAHH BCeBOS- MOKHSIMH = aHTHNapruiinuima —rpynnamn ANA pasBePTLiBaHHA NanbHentued GopL6ut MpoTHB naptuu, Beneg 3a MomsiTKo copBaTb peweHHa mneHyMa B OTHOUCHHH wWeHTpanbHoro epraa mapTHH JIMKBH_aTOpE cnhenanH nomuitky copsats pa6oty Llextpansuoro xomzrera. JIuxsunatops B.A. Heys (Mu- xaun), K. M. Epmonaes (Poman) a Tl. A. Bponwreit (lOpuii), su6pannue Ha MmeHyMe 8 CocTas pyccKolt KonmerHH LIK, copsama cosuis pycckoi KonnerHH UK. Oxu orxasanuce soiiTa B coctap pyc ckoi xonneruan LIK PCAPI, o6baeua camoe cy:uectsopanue LIK spenHbim, 4 na- 2ke SABHTbCA XOTA 6hI Ha OAHO sacemaHHe, T06 pycckas Konnerua LIK morna Koon- THPOBATb HOB..X "eHoB. HauHonanbusie 1 XVIII aennucknit c6opuux, orp. 13, mucnmo Jlennua. 32 OpradusauHH TaKKe BOSMEpKAaNHCh OT NOCHAKM CBOMX MmpemctaBuTeneH B LIK. Takum o6pagoM, B pyccKo# KonneFHH UK 6nino Bcerna ma ueHa, koTOpHe He MOrIH COCTaBHTb Tpe6yemoro mo ycTaBy GonbuIHHcTBa ANA KOONTaUMH HOBHX useHOB. Cpuis LK pycckuMu mHKBHnaTOpaMH Guin MonRepxaH H UX BarpaHHiHoH yacThO B mule «ronocosues». B pyccKoit xe KOM- neruu UK 6onnuepnku 6ninH mpenctdpne- HBL MpHMHpeHiamM, KOTOpwe MbITaIHCb BO uTO Ob TO HH CTaO CrOBOpHTBCA C JIMKBMTaTOpaMH H He CnOCO6HH OLIIH HH- vero CHeMaTh U1 pasBepTHBaHHa napTHit- Holt pa6oru 8 Poccun. Cputgaa pelleHHa aHBapcKoro nmenyMa UK, nuxeynatopit Ha Mectax B Poccuu cTanM CoslabaTb WeHTpH CBOE HOBO CTONBINHHCKON pa6ouel NapTH4—Tak Ha- SbIBaeMbI€ “HHKUMATMBHWE rpynmb. K Ha- WaBUIeMy BEIXOMMTS elle AO AHBApCKOrO nenyMa NMKBMMaTopcKomy >KypHany «Bo3poxk ene» MpHcoeqHHHJICA HOBHIA OT- KPOBeHHO peHeraTcKHi omypHan «Hama saps». Jluxewnatopsi yepes cBoH opraHH! me- uaTa Havan 6emeHyio KaMnanuio mpo- THB MapTHH, HOKasbipad, uTO 6ypxyasHaA PeBOMOUKA YrKE BAKOHHUNACh, a Mpoe- Tapckas PeBOMOUHA ABMACTCA NeNOM BECb- Ma oTManeHHoro 6ynywero, H npuseBalH MpHcMOcO6MATECA K YCHOBHAM CTOMBITIHH- ckoro pexKHMa, K THKBHAAUHH Heneramb- Hof opraHHsauHH, K 4HCTO MUpHOl, pe- opMHCTCKOH TaKTHKe. AKTHBHO BEICTYMaa MpOTHB MapTHH H ee pelleHnit, He TOAMHHHBIIMCE peueHio aH- BapcKoro IMleHyMa O3aKPLITAH CBOEro pak- UMOHHOTO opraHa, nesoprayusosas pa6ory poccHicxo Konnerun Llentpanbyoro Ko- MuteTa, onenaa nomuky cpusa LIO, naxBH- RaTopsl aKTHBHO MpOTHBoONeHCTBOBANH Nap- THEHOMY ObvenHHeHHIO 8a rpaxuuel. Ha- xcmiBiuleeca B pykax nuKBHnaTopos Llen- tpambHoe 6iopo SarpaKH4HsX rpynn or- KDBITO OTKasanocb nomunnaTsca Llentpan- Homy Komutety. K maw 1910 r. mHKBAma- TopaM ymanoch OBNaNeTb H sarpaHMyHbld 6opo Learpansxoro Komutera, KoTopoe Tossio Oso npeucrasnats LIK sa rpanu- uel. Hcnonpsya coe 6onburmucTso B SBLIK, JIMKBMRATOpH eule Gomee ycununu cBOOB. HL Jlennn. 1910 r. paSory no paspyutexHio napraiinex uex- ‘Tpor. Tlepuon nocne susapcKoro nmenyma Osi NepHOAOM YCHeHHA WHKBHMATOPCKHX TeH- NEHUMi HB HALMOHANbHBIX opraHusalHax. B stor nepHon NMKBMMaTOpEl B CBOE Gopb- 6e npotus naprHu Bcrpeyanu nomHoe co- MyBCTBHE HM TOnmepxKKy onnopryHucToB so II uHTepHaynouane. K 6ops6e mpotue naptHH mpaByx mHK- BHLATOpOB MPHCOeEMHHAIOTCA «eBblen NMK- BHMAaTOpsI — BIePeOBLIBI. Yue 8 anpape—eppane 1910 r. rpynna «Bnepem sunycrana nucemo «K Topapy~ wam GonbleBHKaMy, ToMHoe KneseTHH- uecKux OOBHHEHHK HM CaMBIX pesKHX Ha- Manok Ha G6ombulesHctcKce pyKoBoncTRO naprueit, Tlouo6xo npasum nukeunaTopam pne- PeNOBU Haya OTKPHTO pBaTb c map- THHHLIMA Y4p@KNeHHAMH, cosnaHHLIMH SHBAPCKHM TUIeHyMOM. B mapre 1910 r. npenctasutenu snepe- ROBYeB BEIM M3 KOMHCCHH LIK Mo cos- jawmo napTulkonit, BEGpaHHO Ha aH BapCKOM MeHyMe, H H3 COsnaHHOH nmexy- Mom penaxtux «[[meKyccHonHoro STHCTKaD. Bonpeku moctavosiexui sAHBapcKoro. miexyMa © JIMKBMMalMA caMocTosTemb- Horo MMTepaTypHoro HSMaTenbcKOrO Mpen- MpwaTHa BMepenoBeB OHH Cc HiOnt 1910 r. Hayanw BBITYCKaTh CBO dpaK- UHOHHBI opraH «Bnepem (saMexeHH B 1912 r. cOopxnxom «Ha tems Hs). Bekope nocne aisapcKoro nnenyma Bre- PeNOBuE Mpvcrynwnm K opraHHsayHH cBoei HOBO dpaKUMOHHol uKoNH B Bo- JOHBE. Bopp6a snepenosyes mporas 6onbue- BHCTCKOTO pyKOBONCTBa MapTHH Ha Tene 33Mpupena ux x G6NOKy ¢ NpasBiMM nuKBH- BatTopaMH W MOWLepyKHBajOWHMH HX UeH- ‘TpHCTCKHMM rpyrmamH BO Tnase c Tpou- KHM. luxeunatopsl 4 oTs0BHCTEL,— nucan Slew, — ¢ TporarensHum enuHonyumem pyrawT Ha BCe KOpKH 6OnbWeBHKOB (mep- ule eme T1nexaxopa)»... «ConmapHocth Y JIMKBHTATOPOB H OTZOBHCTOR B STOM OT- HoweHum nomewmas, Wx G6nOK npoTHE optonoKcambuoro Gonbuwesusma (610K, Xa- paktepHsopasuu He pas vw Gopp6y Ha TeHyMe, 0 YeM Oco6o HiDKe) ecTb Geccrrop- HEA dakT; MpewcTasHTenH ABYX KDaHHHX TexeHHH, OLMHAKOBO BHIpaXaloUlAX MOL- uMHeHHe 6ypkya3HBIM HleaM, OMHaKOBO aHTHnapTHiiHEIX, CXOMATCA UeNHKOM B cBoeH BHYTpHNapTHAHOH MonHTHKe, B Gopb6e c GonbulesHKamm !. Bopacs 2a revepanbuyw Hani napruu, 6onbuleBHsM B aToT mepHon Ben 6opb6y a Ba pouta—nporHs nHkBunaTopcTBa cnpapa cneBa. Heo6xonumocru Gops6s naprux Ha nea dpoura (B uactHocTH 6opEéu mporaa rpyn- nut «Bnepem») He noHuManH npuMupeHUN, KoTOpHe, Kak, Hanpamep, PsiKoB, pac- CMaTpHBaNH BNepenoBUeB, Kak «BOSMO>K- HOFO MONMTHYECKOrO coMsHHKa Gombille- BUKOB» 2. Puxos, HanpHMep, CuHTaN, ¥TO CTABHTb YCHOBHEM NapTHiiHoro OObeRHHEHA or NapTHHy M «3aKpHIBaTh MM WOCTYN B Map- THHHBIe = opraHHsayHny 4. B ormu4ve oT UeXTpHCTOB BCex OTTEHKOB, paccmarpusasumx «Bnepen» «Kak wacTe GonbuesucrcKo% napruus, JIeHuH KpanH- uumpopan Bnepenosues Kak «aHTunap- TaiiHy @paxunwor. «Kax Morere BHI CHH- TaTb COWSHHKAMH PpakUMOHepoB? — MHcal Jlenuu B orseTHOM nucbMe Prrkosy.— Oxu COnWsHnWCb C MHKBAMaTOpaMH... OHH BTH- palot o¥KH, ronops: «Mil HHuero, MBI He OTSOBHCTHID, a BHI BEPHTe CORAM M HE Goperecb c nenamu. Bens sto xe vopT suaet To!» 5, 1 Senn n, cobp. cow., 1] wen.,7. X1V, orp.300. 2 XVIII nenmucknh cGopunn. Ha nucena Pa xora, rp. 23. 2 Tan me. 4 Taw axe, orp. 30. 5 Tam me, crp. 26. 34 B ornuune ot Gecnpxauununx mpani- PeHUeB, MeHHHULI CHHTaNH, YTO «B WeH- TPANbHEIX Y4PeXMEHMAX NapTHH NMOMKHEE GTB TombKo TOBapHUtH, ToTOBbIe peumn- TeNbHO 6OpOTECA C NHKBHLATOPCTBOM (ro- JIOCOBUaMH) H OT30BusMoM (BMepenoBua- MH)» ?. BonbuieBuku OMHOBpeMeHHO Be SHEp- riuuyio 6opb6y Kak NpoTHs oTKpsIToro AMKBHUAaTOPCTEA, TAK H MpOTHB YeHTpHsMa. Tlomutuky yentpusma Kak «Hmeonornu mon- MHHeHHA MposeTapcKHX HHTepeCcoB KHTepe- caM MenKoi 6ypokyasHH B CocTaBe onHoit o6ule% naptuu» 7. Cranun xapaktepusyer KaK NOMMTKY «MOMKpacHTh NeBbIMH dpa- 3aMH ONNOpTYHHSM NpaBex» H “NOLYHHATS JeBHX MpaBLiMy *... «maBHoi H OCHOBHOM rpynnod, Hacaxmasuei B Pocchu weH- TpH3M M cosfaBUleH nn sToro cneyManb- HY opraHHgauMio Kak o¥ar UWeHTpHEMa B Bue aBrycroRcKoro 6n0ka» 3, Oui TPOU- KH3M, ABIISIOWMCA B HACTOAUIMH MOMeHT TlepeHOBBIM OTPANOM KOHTPpeBOMOUHOHHOH 6ypxyasun. O6ulenazecTHEle aKTH 6opb- 6 JlenwHa C WeHTPH3MOM B rombi peakiMh NHWNHH pas paso6ma4aioT TPOUKHCTCKHX anscubukatopos mapTuiiHo ucTopHn KoTOpue NITAWTCA NpHNHCaTs GombUeBHS- MY HeMOOWeHKY UeHTpHsMa HaKanyHe BOHHEI. Paso6na4ennio yentpusma Tpouxoro Jle- HHH Rens B sTOT MepKon OrpoMHoe BHH- MaHHe, NOKa3bIBaa, YTO UeHTPHSM Kak “NpHKPHTHH onnopTyHusm» maxKe onac- Hee Wit pa6ouux, 4eM OTKPOBeHHOe JHK- BHaTOpCTBO. Llewtpuam Tpouxoro 61in Tem onacuee, 4TO Meulan pa6ouHM paso6paTbCA B ACTHH- HOM CYUIHOCTH JIMKBMaTOpcKHX BSrNA- 0B. «TpouxHit HW momo6HHe eMy TPOLKHCTH cormamatenu, — nucan Jlequu, — Bpen- Hee BCAKOTO MHKBuRaTopcTBa, M60 yoe- MOHHME JIMKBMMATOpH TIpaMO wSmara‘oT CBOW BSrNAMBI H pabo¥uHM nerKo pasobpatb- ca B wx owx6Kax. Tocnona Tpoukne O6MaHEIBaloT pa6o¥HX, NpHKpHIBaWT 3y10, penaioT HeBOsMOKHLIM pasoGsiaieHue ero H HBmeyeHHe ero. Boskui, KTo nognepKH- 2 Tam axe, orp. 22. 2 Crannx, «Bonpocs nenannamar, orp. 93. 2H. Cranua, «O nexoropux sompocax wc- Topi Gomsuesnama», , B KOTOPCM OHa Mpo- Tectopana «pore bpakuHoHHoH GopE6H © MMKEMTATOPCTBOM», paceHHBan ee Kak ¢packonsunyeckyi> Gop6y. Tlopsas c LIK, Tpouxwit Hayan pa6oty no cosna- HHO BTopoi NaprHv, Mo cKoMaiHBaHHIo 6ynywero aprycTogcKoro 6m0Ka. B ycnosusx orkpsiroro paspiiza map- THM C JMKBMLATOPaMH oCobyi0 ocTpoTy npvo6perana 6ops6a MpoTHB MpHMupeH- yecTBa B palax GonbUIeBHKOB. 2 Hlenun, co6p. cox, 7. XI, 4. 2, erp. 85. ®?Kamenes, ¢]ize napran», npenucnoene, erp. WI. 3e Mi. Gran Bonblesuku-npuMupenunl, Tak Ke Kak Tinexanos x Tpouxuii, B paapepHys- welica Gopb6e niTanuch saHsTb npoMe- OKYTOMHYH aie-pakKuUHOHHyw» NosHUKW. Sram = oHM satpyaanw Gopp6y Gomb- WweBH3Ma C JHKBHLaTOpCTBOM, saMenIAA Mpouecc OTBOEBAHHA OT NHKBHMATOpCTBA napTHiHx snemeHToR. B coctap sToH MOBONbHO MHOroYHcmeH- How Torna rpynnst 6onbulesvKos-npHMH- penues pxonunu: A. Puxos, I. Coons- ankos, A. Jlososckui, JI. Bnanumupos (Jlesa), Jl6umos, M. 3ommep (Mapx), JTe- ep ¥ ap. B 1910 r. x npHMmpennam npunanne- oxan u JI. B. Kanenes. [Ipumupenus posrnapnanucs WH. ©. [y6posnxckum. Tak oe Kak H BCe aHTHNaprTHitHule rpynn- KH, OOBUICBHKH-NPHMHPeHUN = raBHBIe CBOM yap HanpaBisanu npoTue 6onbule- BHKOB-NeHHHUeB. TlocnenHHx OHM BHICTa- BNA B Ka¥eCTBe TNaBHEIX BHHOBHHKOB BHYTpHMapTHiHO Oopb6hl H BHYTpHMap- THHHOrO pacKona. «... DpakumonHaa nonuTaKa GonbmesH- KOB-NeHMHUeB, — HCamH OHH B CBOeM “Andopmaunonnom Gonnerener, — B BHRY TOrO NONOKEHKA, KOTOPOe OHH SAHHMANT B NapTHH, OCOGeHHO CHABHO sanepxKuBaeT Mpouecc cnmO¥eHHA peBomONHOHHO-MapK- 35cucrcKoro ampa Hauei naprHu, npouecc, conepulaioulHiica BCe Ape. Bompuresuku-npHMupeHubl OTKpsITO Mpo- THBOMOCTaBAANH ce6a SonbiteBukaM-Ne- HHHYAM 2. Pewutensuo puctynaa mporus Gomb- GIeBHCTCKMX OpraHW3aMOHHLIX NpHHA- TIOB, COBEPIEHHO He MOHMMad GombIleBH- crcKoH 6opb6nl Ha mBa pouTa — npoTHB AWKBHMATOpCTBA CMpaBa HW CNeBa M Mpo- THB WeHTpH3Ma, — OONbIeBUKH-MpAMMpeH- WI BRICTYNaNM 8a €NMHCTBO BHYTPH Tap- THH BCex 6e3 UCKTIONeHKA TexeHHH. B TOT MOMeHT, Kora peulaica BOMpoc © CyAbr 6ax mapTHH, Korma WeTKO pasMexeBLIBa- Nach «CTOMbINMHCKAaA pabouan mMapTHs», © OnHo# cTopoHs, H GonbuleBUcTCKaa pe- BOMOUKOHHAA MapTHA, ¢ Upyrod cTopoHy, NPHMMpeHUL MLITaMHch NpHMUpHTe a6co- JIOTHO HenpHMHpHMoe. Bonbuiesvku-1IpHMupenust, copepuienno HEHOpHpya YPOKH AHBapcKoro TleHyMa, MpOBOnWIH TaKTHKY 6ecnpaHUANHoro «enunersay. 11 despana 1911 r. B TMa- pwKE MexNy MONECKOH c.-n., Oonbue- BHKAMH-IIpHMHpeHUaMH H 4YAaCTbIO OOJIb- WEBHKOB-JIEHHHUEB ObIMO SAKMOYeHO CO- rmaiexve mo Bompocy o coctape # 6nH- oKaWMX 3alayax UeHTPAaNbHLIX yupeKse- Hui MlapTHH, CormacHo KOTOpoMY B CocTaB UK monyckanca ronoconen u 6yHnopen. B nognvcauum storo cornawenwa yuact- popanu: JI. Tumxo, A. Puxos, Tr. 3n- HOBbeB H Rp. JlenHa nompepr xecTOKO KPHTHKE STH «MYHKTBI Cormaulenua», yKa- BHIBAS, YTO OHH MOBTOpAIOT OWIM6KH AHBap- cxoro nnenyma: «Kpacuo6aiicrso npoTus WMKBANATOPOB Ha CMOBAX HM AH e- HM MHKBMMaTOpaMM Ha ener, 4TO pesymeratom nogo6Horo cornalleKia Mo- 2KeT OBITh TOMbKO ¢mMONHAA HMMOTEHT- HocTb LIK»? Tiponomkaa SaurpuBatTb C MHKBHLATOp- cCKMMM rpynnkaMM, NPHMMpeHUB, KaK MBL YBHOHM fasee, cosmaBulMe B TeEXHHYeCKOH KOMMCCHM CBOM pakUMOHHBIi WeHTp, rnaB- HBG yoapbl HaNpaBHNH MpoTHB 6ombuleBH- KOB-JIGHHHUEB. Tak Ke Kak 4 TpoOuKHi, OHH BLICTyNaNH B KaYECTBE MPHKDLITHA MA NHKBANATOp- stpa. TMostomy Jenna cuntan, 470 «6omb- 1 (Hudopmammomnsit Gionnerens» Ne 1 or 11 aprycra 1911 r., cmp. 1. * XVII nemuncknt cOopunx, erp. 12—14, 36 I@BHKH-TIPHMMpeHubly He HMeIOT mpaRa Ha spawHe 6onbitesHKoB, — JleHHu Ha- SuIBaN HX 2, Brox JIenuua c «Mexbuesnkamn-nap- THiWaMH) HMen SsHayeHHe una Gombule- BHKOB mpexe BCero C TOYKM speHHA Gops6l sa Tex paouHX-MeHBLLEBHKOR, KoTopule uinu 8a [1nexaHoBum, Onuako 60x c mnexaHoBlaMH OKasarica BeChMa KpaTKoBpeMeHHEIM. Kak u mpeq- 1 emu, cobp. cow., 7. XI, 4, 2, erp. 373. * Teun, co6p. cow. 7. XI, 9.2, erp. 92.punen Jlenun, Tinexavos B MomMeHT HaH60- wee octpoi 6opb6si 3a cosmaHHe 6ombilie- BHCTCKOrO NapTHiHoro O6beNHHeHHA SaHAN To OTHOUIeHHIO K HeMy Bpaxne6uyi m0- SHUHIO. Bena nunwo Ha packon c onnoptyxH- ctamH B PCJIFII, 60nbulesuKu BonpeKH KNeBeTe TPOUKHCTOB MponomKamH BeCTH HeIpHMHpHMyO 6opb6y Mporus onnopty HHSMa W UeHTpH3Ma Ha MexKnyHapOnHOH apeHe, MMHMIO Ha packon c onnopTyHH- ctamu Bo II nHTepHaliMoHane. Tlonmepnpaa «nesex» ¢.-0., B 4YacT- uocta P. Jhoxcem6ypr, B ux Gops6e c onnoptyxuctamu £0 I] wHTepHatMonane, 6OnbUIeBHKH B TO Xe BPeMA BeMH peulH- TeNbHYIO Gopb6y NpoTHB ux MomyMeHELs- BHCTCKHX TeOpHii, pasweNnABUIMX «eBLIX» c 6onbIeBH3MOM M0 BaxKHeLIHMM Bonpocam Teopuu H MpakTHKH NponerapcKod pezo- mounn, paso6mayann Kone6aHHaA seBEIX C.-H., 6OMYTAHHBIX THYCHOM CeTbIOy «KayT- CKHaHCKOrO MMUeMepHa, NenaHTCTBa, «npy- aKemo6Hso K orlnopryxuctam» (JlenHH). II. BOPbBA BOJIBLIEBAKOB 3A BOCCO3QAHHE MAPTHAHbIX YUPEKQEHHA Uentpanbuot sanauei, Kotopas croana Mepem 6ombUeBUCTCKHM pyKOBORCTBOM napTHy, 6bi0 BOCCTAHOBNeHHe NapTHHHEX yupexienuit 4 mpexne Bcero Llextpanbuo- To KomuTeta. Tlocne cpbipa pyccKo Kon- neruu LK mnukeuzatopamm B Mapre— ampene 1910 r. cnenawa 6bINa nonuTKa CKOHCTpyuposats pycckyn Kommermo LIK PCAPIT 8 cocraze H. B, Cranuxa, B. I]. Horwa, H. ©. [y6pouxcxoro, P. B. Manunozcxoro (oxasanca mpozo- KaTopom) mu up. OmuaKo sBcneqcTBxe MPpoBoKalHH NOcNeMHero CoslaiHad yIKe Gino cemepxa Guna pasrpomnexa lo- muuuei. Bmecte c mMKBHnaunell pyc- ckoH Konneruu LIK B Konue 1909 r. mo- NMuKeH G6ui0 MHKBHRMpoBAHO pyccKoe 6wpo LIK, kotopoe aBmanocb no cyuect- By McnomHuTenbHEM opraHom LIK. Bce no- MHTKH BHOBb CopranH30patb B Poccnn Llentpansuei KoMHTeT nmapTHH oKaHYH- BamMCh MpOBanaMH BCHemCTBHe MmpaBH- TeMCTBEHHEIX penpeccut. JIuKBunaTopEt cBoeH ResopraHusaTopcKon pa6oTor MoMo- rand nonauna. Cpus pa6ora LK 5 nep- Bylo ovepen> ynapun no GonbulepuKam, KOTOpHe, NHKBHRMpOBaB CBO paki, oKa3aMHCb MO pyKaM H HOraM CBaSaHHEIMH peulenuamu nnenymat. Tlockonpky pyc- cxwi LK daxtayecka 6m copsax, Bon- POC 0 COS3HBe MIeHyMa’ HomMKHO OLiMO pe- IMT. garpanMaHoe 6iopo LIK. Bonbuiesuk % Hayanu aKTHsny1 Gopb- 6y 3a Cosi nmexyma 3a rpanuuei. Jluxpumatopcxoe 3BUK, nposonusuiee B TOT MepHon nom HenocpencTReHHEIM pyKosouctsom Tpoukoro nonroroaKy cBoel KOHepeHUMH, NOR pasHbiMH mpen- oraMH YKNOHMMOCb OT cosEIBa meHyMa, coppas coaui sarpanwunoro nnenyma LIK. B orset Ha 9T0 60NbUIEBUKH NpH3HanK HEBOSMOKMHEIM KaKOe 6bl TO HH 6bINO CO- TPYAHHYECTBO C TONCCOBYaMH HW TIPeRNe BCETO C HAXOMMBLIMMCA B HX pPyKax 3a- rpanwunsim Gopo LK. Becuoi 1911 r. B Tapmxe co6panocs copemanve 60NbIeBHKOB-LeKHCTOB, Ha KOTOPOM pelleHo 6sim0 pagopsaTs C sa- rpaHHyHEiM 60po. Bonsulesukam uneam SBLIK 6uno npennoxero BETH ua Hero. Bmecte c Tem peuleHo Ouimo HeMenmeHHO NpucTynuTb K cosHBy nienyMa LIK. Bunomusa sro pemexve, 7. Cemalko, Gupumi KasHayeem SBLK,27 mas 1911 r. roman saspnenve p SBLIK, B KoTo- poM, paso6mayaa SeBaTembcTBa o- cnenHero Ham nocTaHoBneHHem nocmen- Hero mmenyma LIK, saapnan 0 cBOoeM Buxone u3 SBLIK vo mepenaye Haxons- muxca y Hero Kak y KasHayed never SBLK 8 pacnopsxenve LIK. Paspis ¢ muKBHnaTopama u SBLIK Gun warom K yxKpenmeHwo napruiinoro enHHCTBa, . IV. TIOMTOTOBKA CO3bIBA TIPAXK- CKOM KOHEPEHLIMM. — BOPbBA C MIPHMHMPEHUAMH B 3TK H 30K Bonbuiepuku B30 Ha ce6a HHHUMATHBY no COsbIBy apTHiiHoll KoHepeHUMH WTO BOCCOSRaHHIO WeHTPaybHEIX OpraHoB nap- tux. TipakrHueckve ward K cosiBy 06- wenapTHiHoH Koxbepenunn (6ynyuel MpaxckoH KoNepexwuH) Hu 6bINH mpen- 1 «ITponerapexaa pesomouns, Ne8 (43) 1925 r. Tincma H. K. Kpynexoit « Pr. ‘JI. Ilxnoncxomy (erp. 112) 37