Exercises
1. Find the Russian equivalents of the following words and expressions:
1. to track and record one’s expenses / to keep
track of expenditures
2. to be restrictive and limiting
3. to lose much of one’s spending freedom
4. to balance one’s checkbook
5. to concentrate on some items
6. to put smb in control of / to get control of
one’s finances / handle financial control
7. to decrease stress
8. a more leisurely life
9. to develop a savings / investment plan
10. current financial situation / current spending
11. to reduce / cut / eliminate one’s
expenditures / expenses
12. to establish short / long term goals
13. to start with an easily attainable goal
14. to get more proficiency at smth (budgeting
process)
15. to develop / maintain one’s budget
16. to track utility expenses; utilities
17. to have a running total
18. to develop an (exact) average
19. to adjust one’s budget up or down
20. to determine which budget items are
necessities
21. to cut / eliminate expenses
22. efficient purchasing tactics
23. to take inventory of items
24. non-functioning items
25. to cost money in repairs and upkeep /
maintenance
26. junk
27. to distinguish between wants and needs / to
mistake wants for needs
28. to sustain the family
29. to enhance one’s life
30. a financial disaster
31. to avoid silly / extravagant / fancy purchases
32. to lose much of appeal
33. to pay down one’s debt
34. to avoid adding / additional debt / adding to
debt load
35. with a lower interest rate
36. to have a lasting effect
37. a shortfall
38. a vicious (endless) circle
39. to bar one’s access to further credit
40. to apply for a mortgage or a car loan
1. для отслеживания и учета своих расходов /
для отслеживания расходов
2. быть ограничивающим и ограничивающим
3. потерять большую часть свободы тратить
4. балансировать чековую книжку
5. сконцентрироваться на некоторых
предметах
6. поставить кого-л. под контроль / получить
контроль над своими финансами /
управлять финансовым контролем
7. уменьшить стресс
8. более спокойная жизнь
9. разработать план сбережений / инвестиций
10. текущее финансовое положение / текущие
расходы
11. сократить / сократить / устранить свои
расходы / расходы
12. установить краткосрочные / долгосрочные
цели
13. начать с легко достижимой цели
14. получить больше знаний в чем-л. (процесс
составления бюджета)
15. для разработки / поддержания своего
бюджета
16. отслеживать коммунальные расходы;
коммунальные услуги
17. иметь промежуточную сумму
18. разработать (точное) среднее
19. чтобы увеличить или уменьшить свой
бюджет
20. определить, какие статьи бюджета
являются необходимыми
21. сократить / исключить расходы
22. эффективная тактика закупок
23. провести инвентаризацию предметов
24. нефункционирующие предметы
25. тратить деньги на ремонт и содержание /
обслуживание
26. мусор
27. различать желания и потребности /
принимать желания за потребности
28. поддерживать семью
29. чтобы улучшить свою жизнь
30. финансовая катастрофа
31. чтобы избежать глупых / экстравагантных /
модных покупок
32. потерять большую часть
привлекательности
 33. погасить долг 37. недостаток
34. чтобы избежать увеличения / увеличения 38. замкнутый (бесконечный) круг
долга / увеличения долговой нагрузки 39. запретить доступ к дальнейшим кредитам
35. с более низкой процентной ставкой 40. оформить ипотеку или автокредит
36. иметь длительный эффект

2. Choose the correct word to fill in the gaps.

a) advantage – benefit – merit – asset
1. The recent economic development has brought a lot of benefit… to the region.
2. His excellent background remains one of his greatest merit… .
3. Mitchel’s height gives him a distinct advantage… over the other players.
4. They are still considering the advantage… of the new advertising tactics.
5. What asset… does membership in the EU give to a country?
6. There is little benefit… in being self-employed.
7. Communicative ability is an important advantage… in this job.

b) advantages and disadvantages – pros and cons – pluses and minuses

1. She thought of advantages and disadvantages … of being an only child.
2. At the meeting Mr. Prosser spoke about pros and cons … of the new marketing methods
employed by the company.
3. A good doctor ought to consider all pros and cons … of treatment he is going to
prescribe.
4. We weighed up the pluses and minuses … of taking a car loan and decided against it.

c) Credit – loan – mortgage

1. If you can’t afford to pay cash you can buy the furniture on Credit ….
2. Nick told me that the mortgage … on his apartment is worth $90,000.
3. The organization asked for a $2 million loan … to plant new trees in the rainforest.
4. The shop offers interest-free loan ….
5. She applied for a bank mortgage … because she didn’t want to depend on her father’s
handouts.

d) economical − effective – efficient

1. The committee suggests efficient… methods to tackle the problem.
2. The Unipot does the work of several saucepans, which makes it very effective… .
3. I’m afraid the treatment doesn’t prove to be very efficient… .
4. Modern houses have a much more economical… heating system.

e) to add up – figure out – make – sum up – total

1. Including wine, the bill comes to $70, which together with the transport
expenses make… a total sum of $ 130.
2. The company was forced to pay fines make…-ing $ 200 thousand.
3. I spent all night trying to figure out… how much the wedding will cost me.
4. Five percent may not sound much but it’s a lot of money when you to add up… it all.
5. He added up the figures and it total… 8712.25.
6. So, I’ve figure out…, and I think I can afford a holiday in France this year.
7. They have debts that total… $100,000.

f) to assess – calculate – count – estimate – number

1. The company to assess… the value of the land at $7 million.
2. The damage caused by the flood has not been estimate… yet.
3. It’s too early to assess… the benefits of the new legislation.
4. They use a computer to count… the cost of wages as a percentage of the
company’s income.
5. I decided to take the bracelet to a jeweller to have its value number…
6. She calculate… the money left and went to the checkout.
7. In the capital, the unemployed now number… 12% of the workforce.