! ISSN 0028-1263 HAYRA H RHASGHb @ Mo6unbubiii tenedou — Hawe 10 BCé: AM MOXKHO 3aMeHMTb AaxKe mukpockon @ Kocmuyeckue 2008 ny4v faBHo OTKpbITbI, a eCTb NM sHepreTM4ecKnii Npegen Ana npuxonauMx W3 KOCMOCa 4acTML? @ SHaMeHMTbI daH- tact Fep6ept Yannc oxasanca Hennoxum Npopuuyatenem: 80% ero Hay4HO-TexHN- Yeckux npeackasaHnii CObinucb @ HeBe- POATHO: AECATb BENMKMX pek nnaheTbl HE AMCHOT TOYHO yCTaHOBNeHHbIX ucTokos! © OcenHuii canat v3 xpu3aH- TEM — UW MONE3HO KM BKYCHO. A GLORI Cc) plexce in una parte pit er meno altroue Nelcicl che pun della fa Luce prendePxpectowaraa | Vuewaas nopa! oveii ovapobanve! wana se mon npowasonanxpaca Aro6s10 4 nntunoe npurpodn yondanve, B baspey u 6 s020m0 odemme seca, Bux ceusx bempa wys u cbenee duxanve, Hscaoi Gonnuemor noxpuime nebeca, eit coanya ayy, u nepsixe mopose, i ombaabrne Dou suns yepooes A.C. Tywxnt, Oc B, XPEHOB, aoxr. cbt3.-Mar. nayk — Kocmmec- Ke AYSIE CAMBIX BICOKHX 3epritit 2 @oroGaoKHoT 9 BHTH (Biopo naysno-~ TeXHMECKOH mapopMantA) 0. : 10 10. DPOAOB — ‘«Tipeasnaennsy Tep6epra Yaaaca 12 Bectu 13 HHcTHTyTOB, AaGopatopnit Tipucytcrane vexonexa ycKopsier Koppo3ti (18). Aawaabi avarnocrupyior Goveanmn (18).O crapon Pasanu paccxaskyr reoaoru (19). T. 34MHHA, KaHA, XHM, Hayk — CoAH XAOpHOIt KHCAOTEI He ‘ornepraior xnaHb Ha Mapce (20). H, MAPKHHA, Kalla. GHOA. Hayk — Ocerppt ¢ muKpownianit pore 6pakorbepos (20). Cpeanuit Kaace 10- pocesticxn (21). Kaneamonste HaBrpss (22) B.IIPO3OPOBCKHI1, aoe. seq, Hayk — 3aoponke Ao poxkaeHus. Baxieliune acnex- Et 2328 10, MPOSOPOB, E. CEAEHTVIHA — He npo- AMT Hit KAIIAM .. T. SEMLIOBA — AoM Hapxonmita: nanexaa na cnaceane 32 ‘Sketpacenicel AOAAKHI MOTOPOMTHCH -. 36 A.TIPABHKOB — Hopsie aeHarit AAS KHHH B HOBOM HaMepeHHHt 37 Tlepenucka ¢ untareasant B.CKBOPL[OB—XaeG ects y Toro, kro cmpanast- ercst cTecroM (40). 3. PAA3bIPHHA — Henonsr- Hoe spaertne (40). 9, YMAHLIEB—Tanamnoraas- kit (41). 3. KOPOTKOBA — Bparnst Auxyapt (41) T. OLJEHKO — Tpanmes ars kaprodeas (42) T. CBAAOB, xan, Texit ay — Hocecrpaance ‘coca ¢ Gepé0i (42). A. CYIEPAHCKAS, nok bio. nayk — M3 mcropain banat (43}). T.TOFIOB, joxr. 9KoH, Hayk, H. AAKYBEM, Kav, 9KOH. Hayk — TIstT® BBIGOPOR Huxurst Xpyuténa O sés mmyr Hay4o-rlomyaspHie xypHaAst Mapa eae: «HayKa 1 2KH3Hb» Ha MeKAYHApOAHO! KHIDKHOMt BBICTABKe-APMapKe 56 B. XOPT, kana. cb3.-Mar. nayx — Co cnoeit poserKoit 58 BHHTH (Biopo mnocrpannoit naysni0- ‘TexHit¥ecko# HEKOpMantH) 62 Mepe A. AOMBPOBCKMM — Mexycerso ‘nepaoit Gykebi: roraka u Peneccanc 66 1, MOPO3OB, kant, cbit3.-Marr, Hayk — Hays bse pasBaeterta AAs B3pOCABIX H AeTeit ....73 A. ABPAMOB — B o6sexritBe 2xVKE ... 74 Hayxa w xnaup » nawane XX pexa 6 B. AEBEAEB, waeH-xopp. PAH, Aéranik-KOCNO- vant — MHCCHs YeAoBeKa B KOCMOCe. Buém ona’ . n «YMA TAAATA» Tlosmasarenuto-pasnaaiouit pasaes AAs UKOALHKOR. TyGaincyeren upitspmaiicouol Loarepae Degepanbiio- fo ateirteraa Ho newarit W slaccontint ROMMYNRAIIAM A. AAEKCEEB, ricropix — Baeaonmnpte nxpac- HoKOxkue (81). 0. BEAOKOHEBA, Katt, HM HaYK — Tloxemy mip pasnonpernprit (85), Orneret 1 peurenms (87, 91). E. AEBHTAH, AoKr. nea, Hayk — Koewrteckne yxxacrinn (88). T. TOAOCKH- HA, Katia, 6102. Hayk — Heceysnias Aarsin (92) ‘T. KPIOKOBA — Bopen 3a npana yenonexa (94), B. PYAEHKO — «Cumme» aeru 97 Kyncrkamepa ...... 100 C.AKCEHTBEB, kaita, Text. Hayk — OFOHE Ha CKANE oe 1-102 1H. 3AMSITHHA — Orpegaent xpasanrreny? ...106 C. TPAHKOBCKMM — Vis pesepsa 9KSAMEHATOPA rn 107, 120 Bunmanne — ow ‘Maabie mysen POCCHIE or 108 3. KOPOTKOBA — Tyascranit mparcitx 109 B. MOAEBAHOB, aoxr. reoa.-mettepaaor. ayk — K nctoxam Amypa B «crpanty eTioGeanntprx» 110 H. 3AMATHHA — alijpinadiox wa aepese ... 118 Orseror pemennst se 120, 134 Y Hamx Konaer ier 121 AAS Tex, KTO BSDKET 122 ‘5. AATIKHH — Xoaom aaasin.. sine 12 M. BAAEEBA — Kycaxu, Poioknit Bec 0.0. 124 Kpoccnopa c parmenrastit 132 Y pac aenpeccus® (nicuxoaoruvecknit Tect) «135 E, TMK, mactep cnopra no maxmatast — Tpan-npa MAE: « maxmarax Kitraent prepeart 136 Manensxne xirpoct 140 A. PESAHOB, Kani, nea Hayk. BoropoacKas mrpynnka 14 HA OBIOKKE: 1-9 erp. — Uuraior ace! boro T. Barunoit (Cu. exp. 56.) Bimay: Minanan «Lo, yxpamennutii noprperom Bearpirie, Pyunias paGora OesbimaiHoro MacTepa B TrevaTHoM r3,aHHH «BoxecBeHHO# KoMe AND \at- re, Dropentuns, 1481 roa, (Cm. crarsio na Crp, 66.) 2-4 erp. — ‘OxrsOps. Doroowepk MH, Kou cranTHHona 3-5. erp. — Boropoackast urpyunka H CkyABIITYpa a mye BoropoacKoro xyAoKecTacHHO-TpOMBIIT- acuHoro yunanina. Doro A. Pesanona. (Cm. crariio na cp. 141.) omom Homepe 144 cmpanuyps. HAYRA No 10 OKTABPb 2ypHan ocnos: Vananme sos0GHosneno a oxtaGpe 1934 rona. EKEMECAYHbBIA HAYYHO-NONYAAPHBIA KYPHAN H KRHUSHb, 20038 8 1890 rony.ROCMHYECRHE NYY CAMBIK BbICO ECT MM SHEPFETHYECKHA MPEAEN ANA YACTHU, NPHKOAAMHK Npouino 6es manoro cro met c Toro MomeHTa, Kak GbinM OTKPBITbI KOCMMYeCKHe Ay4M — NOTOKH sapaxXeHHEIX 4acTHU, NPHXOARUMX M3 rnyGuH BceneHHo’. C Tex nop cAenaHo MHOFO OTKPBITHiA, CBASAHHBIX C KOCMMYECKMMM M3nY4eHMAMM, HOM 3aranoK ocTaérca euié Hemano. OaHa M3 HX, BOSMOXHO, HaMGoNee MHTPHryIOUlaR: OTKyAa GepyTcA 4acTH- pl c sHeprued Gonee 10” 9B, To ecTb No¥TH MMANMApA TPUANMOHOB SNeKTPOHBONbT, B MunnMoH pas Gonbuielt, 4em GyneT nony4eHa B MoulHe/ieM ycKopHTene — Bonbuiom a@apoHHom Konnaiinepe LHC? Kakve cunbi 4 nons pasroHsoT YacTHUbI AO TaKHX 4y0- BMUHEIX SHeprni Doxrop dbusnxo-marematuyeckux Hayk B. XPEHOB, Hay4Ho-nccnegogatenscKnii MHCTHTYT sAePHON busHKK wmeuu 11. B. CkoGenbubina MY um. Kocacexte ayant ornpuin b 1912 roay aBcrpHiicKnit cbusHx Baxtop Tecc. On 611A corpyaHMKoM Paavenoro HHCTHTyTa BeHBt H TIPOBOAMA HCCAeAOBAHHs HOHUSHpOBAHHEIX raaon. K ToMy BpeMeHH ke 3HaAH, TO BCe ra3Bt (Harmocipepa B TOM HCAe) BCerAa CerKa HOHH- 3OBaHEI, STO CBHACTEABCTBOBAAO 0 NpHCYTCTBHH, PaAHOAKTHBHOTO BemeCTBA (TOAOGHOTO paAyto) AHOO B COCTaBE ra3a, AGO BOAH3H MpHGOpa, 13: Mepslonjero HOHSaIIHI0, BeposTHee BCeTO — B 3eMHOM KOpe. ONBITEI C TOABEMOM AeTeKTOPa OHH3aIqHH Ha BO3AYILIHOM Illape OHIAH 3aAyMaHtbt ‘Ms IIPOBePKHt 9TOTO MPeAOAOKEHHA, TAK KAK C YAaACHHeM OT TOBEPXHOCTH 3eMAH HOHMSanHA rasa AOAKHa yMeHBuIaTECH. OTBeT MOAYYHACH @HA MEPEQHEM KPAE HAYKH M. B. Jlomonocoza. nporwpontoaoxxnEtit: Tece o6Hapy>KHA HeKoe HOAYWeHHe, HHTEHCHBHOCTE KOTOPOTO pocna c BLICOTOIt, 370 HaBOAHAO Ha MBICAb, TO OHO IpH- XOAHT H3 KOCMOca, HO OKOHYATeABHO AOKASATS BHEIeMHOe MPOHCKOAACHHE Ayuel! YAaAOCE TOABKO TOCAe MHOTOHCACHHBIX onsITOB (HO- Geaenckyto npemmtio B. Teccy mpucyasan am 1936 roay). Hanoi, ro TepMint «aayue- Hite» He o3Haaer, WTO ITH AY'HH HMeIOT HHCTO oAeKTPOMAFHHTHYIO IPHPOAY (KAK COAHeMHEIi Bet, PaAHOBOAHBI HAH PeHTreHOBCKOe HaAyye: uve}; ero HCOASGOBAAH pH OTKPEITHH sTBACHTS, Mpupoaa KoToporo emjé He Oxia H3BecTHa. XOTS BCKOPE BBICHAOCb, YTO OCHOBHAR KOM- TlOHeHTa KOCMHMECKHX AyeiL — ycKOpeHHEre 3apsoKeHHBIe 4ACTHINHI, IPOTOHE!, TepMETH COxpa- HHACS, Hsy4eHie HOBOTO ABACHHH GLICTpO CTaAO «Hayna u mmaun» No 10, 2008.Kpa6osudnaz mymannocme, usyrennaa 6 ry Max ¢ pasauxnoi daunot gorne.. ToayGoi ysem — penmeenoeckue aywu (HACA, penmzenoscran o6cepsamopus Yandpa), senéumii — onmuve- cxuil Quanason (HACA, o6cepsamopua Xa662), Kpacnoiit — ungpaxpacnoe usayrenue (EKA, o6cepsamopus Cnumyep). AaBat PesyAbraTbl, KOTOHIe TIPHHSTO OTHOCHT K «1lepeAOBOMY Kpalo HayKH», OrKpHiTHe KOCMHNeCKHX YaCTHH O¥eHD BBICOKOH HEprHH Cpasy *Ke (eULe SaAOATO AO ‘TOTO, KaK GHIA CO3AaH YCKOPHTeAR NPOTOHOR) BEIBAAO BOMPOC: KAKOB MeXaHH3M YCKOpeHHA 2aps>KEHHBIX YACTHI B ACTPOcpHSHUECKHX OOb- exrax? CeroaHist Mil 3HaeM, NTO OTBET OKA3AACH HeTpHBHAABHLIM: NPHPOAHtlt, «KOCMHMECKHIY YCKOPHTeAB KaPAMHAABHO OTAHUACTCH OT YCKO- purenelt pyxornopunix BcKope BEIXCHHAOCE, STO KOCMHYECKHe TIpO- ‘TOHBI, MPOAeTas CKBO3E REIIECTRO, BIaMMOACH- CTBYIOT C #APAMH ETO ATOMOB, POXKAAT HEHSBECT- HBIe AO 9TOTO HecTaGMABHBIe 9AeMeHTapHBIe wacTHubt (HX HaGAIOAAAH B MepBy1O O¥epeAD B armocpepe 3emax). Mccaeaonane MexanusMa HX POXKACHHS OTKPHIAO MACAOTBOpHETi MYT AAs TIOCTpoeHHs CHCTeMaTHKH 9AeMeHTApHEIX actin, B AaGopaTopHH MpoToHEI H 9AeKTPOHEI Hay"HAMCb YCKOPATS H MOAYYaTb OTPOMHBIe HX MOTOKH, HeCpaBHUMO Goaee MAOTHBIC, HEM B KOCMHYECKHX AyYaX. B KOHEYHOM CuéTe HMeHHO OnbiTEt lo BIaMMOAeIICTBHIO YaCTHHL, HOAYSHB- KRHUX 3HEPTHG W3 KOCMOCA K SEMME? MINX 9HeprHio B YCKOPHTeASX, IPUBEAH K CO3Aa- Hisio CoppeMeHHOik KaPTHHEI MUKPOMHpa. B 1938 roay cpanuy3cKuit cbusuK bep Oxe OTKPBIA 3aMevaTeABHOe IBACHHe — AMBHH BTO- PHHEIX KOCMH'ECKHX 4ACTHI, KOTOPHIe BOSH KaloT b pesyabTare B3aMMOAeHCTBHA TepBHMHEIX MPOTOHOB H ACP 9KCTPEMAABHO BHICOKHX 9Hep- rut c aApaMH aTOMoB aTMocibepEt. OKa3aA0Ce, ‘TO B CTIeKTPe KOCMHYECKHX AYYeH CCTH YACTHIEI caHepriei nopsiaKa 10°—10!*3B— MMAAHOHEL pas Goabille 3Hepran YaCTHL, YCKOpseMBIX B AaGopaTopHn. AKaaemnk AmuTpuit BaaAMMH- pos CKOGeABIBIH TpPHAaA OcoGOe sHaveHHe Hgy¥eHMio TaKUX ¥aCTHI M Ccpasy TOCKe BOHHE!, 8 1947 roay, BMecte c GasKariniin- Mit koaaeramn PT, Sanjenmat50M 1 H. A. AoGporaitim oprannsonaa KOMIAEKCHBIe HCCACAOBAHIH Ka- CKaAOB BTOPHAHBIX YACTHIL B aT- Moctbepe, HasBaHHiIx LIMpOKHMH armocipepuiim ampriaoan (LIA). Hicropiio neppiix HccaeaoBaHHih KOCMHYECKHX Ayuelt MOXHO Haii- 1M B KHHrax H, AoGpotuua # B. Poccu. Co apemeniem mtxoaa A. B. CxoGeabntia BEIPOCAa BOAHY 13 CaMBIX CHABHLIX B MMpe H AOATHe TOABI OMPeAeAAa OCHOBHEIC Ha- MpanaeHHst B M3y4eHMM KOCMINIe- Yemanosxa HESS 6 Hanuouu. «xHan oco- GeHHOcTS B 3aBHCHMOCTH KOAMYeCTBA BTOpH- HBIX 4aCTHII H HX PACHpeAeAeHHs! lo 9HEPrHAM OT 9HeprHi MlepBHuHOH FaCTHUL, CBRIAHEYIO C KBaK-TAOOHHOHt CTpykTypoit 9AeMertTapHEIX NACTHII. STH AAHHBIe NOSKe TOATBEPAMAHCH B omrrax Ha ycKOpHTeAsx. Ceroquis MocTpoeHE! AOCTOBEpHEIe MOAeAI B3aHMOACHCTBH KOCMHYECKHX AyYeHl ¢ iAPaMHL aTOMOB aTMOcKbepHI, HOSBOAMBUIME H3Y4HTE oHeprerHueckHit CTIeKTp H COCTaB HX TlepBITs- HBIX YACTHI CAMBIX BEICOKHX 9HEprHit. Crano SICHO, STO KOCMHYECKHe AY'YH B AMHAMHKE pasBH- ‘THs TanaKTHKH MrpaioT He MeHBITY1O POA, YM e8 MOAR H NOTOKH Mex3BE3AHOTO rasa: YAeAbHAA Hepriist KOCMHYECKHX AyYelt, rasa Hl MarHHT- Horo Mloaa MpHMepHo papHt 1 9B B cx. Tipit ‘TaKOM GaAaHCe IHEPrHH B MExSBEIAHOIK CpeAe ecrecrBeHHo MpearIOAO>KHTb, TO YCKOPeHHE a CTMI KOCMHMeCKMX AyYeIt NPOHCKOAHT, CKOpee cero, BTeX 2Ke OO bEKTAX, KOTOPHIE OTRENAIOT 3a HarpesaHHe H BsIGpoc rasa, Hanpumep B HoBbix wt CaepxHonsix 36639ax IIpH HX B3pBIBe. Tleppsitit Mexani3M ycKopenist KOCMHeCKHX ayselt mpearaoxna IupHKo Depmu Aaz mpo- ‘TOHOS, XAOTHYECKH CTAAKHBalOu\Hxcs C HaMar- HMYCHHBIMH OOAaKaMH Mex3BEIAHOM TAASMBt, HO He CMOr OOBACHHTD BCeX 3KCHepHMeHTaAL- nix aanitsix. B 1977 roay akaaemaK Tepmorext ®uaunnosH4 Kpsimckmit 1oKa3aa, To 9TOTlog (AN/dE, em2e'T3B"), op 1 2 6 10 20 60 Sheprua, T3B MexantH3M AOJ2KeHt ropasao CHABHett YCKOpATE waCTHulbi B OcTaTKAX CBepxHOBBIX Ha (ppoHTax YAaPHEIX BOAH, CKOPOCTH KOTOPBIX Ha OPHAKH hulle cKOpocteii OOAaKOB. Ceroatts AOCTOBepHO TOKa3aHO, YO MexaHH3M YCKOPeHHA KOCMHYE- CKHX MPOTOHOB 11 siAep YAaPHOIt BOAHOIt B OGO- AOYKAX CBepXHOBBIX HaHGoACe o¢xpeKTHBEH. Ho nocnponsnecru ero 8 AaGopaTopHEnx ycao- BUAX BPA AM YAACTCH: YCKOPeHHe MPOHCXOAHT. cpaBHHTeABHO MeaAeHHo H TpeGyet OrPOMHBIX Sarpat 9Heprim AAR YAepKAaHHs YCKOpeHHBIX vactni. B OGOAOUKAX CBepXHOBBIX ITH YCAOBHS cyutectsy10T Gaaroapa caMoii mpupoae BSpEBa. Samesateabito, 470 YcKopenMe KocMMYECKHX AYYeH MPOHCXOAHT B YHHKAABHOM acTpocbH3H- ecKOM OGBeKTe, KoTOpHIi OTBeuaeT 3a CHHTeS TSDKEABIX AED (THUKEACE TEAMS), ACHCTBUTEADHO IpHCYTCTBYIONIHX B KOCMHYECKHX AyIAX. B amieit TaaakraKe H3BecTHEI HECKOABKO CrepxHoBBix BospacToM MeHBIIIe THICHIH AeT, KoTOphIe HaGAOAAAHCh HEBOOPY>KEHHBIM PAA3OM. HanGonee usnectunt KpaSosnasiax TyMantiocr B coane3qnu Texbtia («KpaG» — ocraTOx BCIIBILIKA CaepxHonoit 8 1054 roay, ormeveHHoit 8 BocTON- HbIx AeTOMHcsIx), Kaccnones-A (e HaGMonaa B 1572 roay acrportom THxo Bpare) 1 Cnepxronast Kenepa B cosne3quit SeeHocia (1680). Ava- Merpbt 1x oGoAoueK CeroAHs cocTaBAsioT 5—10 cperopiix aer (1 cB. roa = 10" M), To ecTb onH PacliMpsaIoTCA CO CKOPOCTBIO HOpsAKa 0,01 CKOpOCTH CBeTa H HaXOAATCH Ha paccrosHHsX HIpuMepHO ACCATE TLICHY CBETOBEIX AeT OT 3eM- Pacnpedenenue Hanpasaenus npuxoda camma-us: ayyenua canepeuet 1—10 ToB 6 caaaxmureckux koopdunamax, no dannoim cnymuuxa EGRET. Duepeemureckuil cnexmp canma-KeaKmos om Kpa 6a, usmepennoit na ycmanoexe HESS (npamaa Auus annpoxcumupyem amom cnexmp). TTomox 2amma-xeanmoe.cnopozoeoii anepeueti 1 T9B pasen (2,26 + 0,08)x10-"" cmc! An, OGoaosKn CrepxHoBtix («rymartocrei») B OMNTHYECKOM, B PaAHO-, PEHTTeHOBCKOM 1 TaMMa-AManlasoHax HaGAIOAaAH KOCMHYeCKHe oGcepsaropuu Yanapa, Xa6Ga u Cuuruep. Oum AocTonepHo moKa3aaH, ¥TO B OGOAO- Kax AeHCTBHTeABHO MpoHCXOAMT ycKopeHHe 9ACKTPOHOB H MPOTOHOR, composorxaaemoe PeHTTeHOBCKHM H3AyueHHeM. Hanoanurb MexaBé3anoe npocrpancrso KOCMHYECKHMH AyYaMH C H3MepeHHOlt YAeAb- Hoi oteprneit (1 9B B cM?) MOrAH Gut OKOAO 60 ocrarkos CaepxHoBiix MoAOxe 2000 Aer, B TO BPeMst KaK HX H3BCCTHO MeHee AeCATH. Sa HEXBATKA OGBACHACTCH TEM, TO B MAOCKOCTH. TaaakrHkn, Tam, TAe COCPeAOTOMEHEI 3BEIABI Ceepxnionire B TOM HHCAe, O¥eHb MHOTO TBIAH, KoTOpast He MIpOMycKaeT CBET K HAGAIOAATEAIO va Semne. HaGAwaeHns B peHTreHoBcKOM H TaMMa-H3AYYEHHAX, AAT KOTOPHIX TBIAEBOI Aoi mpoapatieH, NOSBOAMA paciIMpHTs CHHCOK HaGAOAaeMBIX «MOAOABIXY CBEPXHOBEIX 060- aouex, TMocaeaHelt 13 TAKHX BHOBb OTKpbITLIX oGoaowex crana Cnepxtonas G1.9+0.3, HaGAro- AaeMasi c OMOIttbIO PeHTeHOBCKOTO TeAecKora «Yanapay Hamas c siibaps 2008 roga. OueHKHt pasMepa H CKopocra pacitMpenHis e& OGOAOKH MoKasbiBAIOT, YTO OHA BCHBIXHYAA MIpHMepHO 140 er Hasaq, Ho He Ox1Aa BHAHa B ONTHYeCKOM Awanta3o1e H3-3a MoAHOTo orAomtensis e& cpera TIBAeBBIM cAoeM TanaKTHKH. K anism o Caepxnossnx, sapniBaromaxcs 8 wamteit anaxtuxe Maesnuitit [lytb, AoGaBAstoT- cs 3HaMHTTeABHO Gonee GoraTHIe CaTHCTHYECKHe AaniHsIe 0 CBepXHOBLIX B APYTHX raAaKTHKaX. Tipsamiim noaTBepxKAeHMeM NpHcyTCTBHA YCKOPeHHEIX MpOTOHOR H Aep CAYKHT raMMa- HAy¥eHHe C BBICOKOHt SHEprHelt POTOHOB, BOS- HMKaIONLMX B pesyanTare pacriaaa HeiTpaAbHEIX TMOHOB — MpOAyKToB B3aHMOAeHICTBHA TpO- TOHOS (H sAep) ¢ BeIL|eCTBOM HCTOUHHKa. TakKHe (POTOHEI CaMBIX BLICOKHX 9HeprHit HAGAKOAAIOT ¢ MOMOMIbIO TeAeCKOTIOB, PerHCTPHpyIOITHX cpeyere BabHona — Yepentkona, HsAy¥aemoe BropHuNBIMH YacTHyamH IAA. Cametit co- nepiiiennitit MHCTpyMent Taxoro THIa — ycra- HOBKa H3 IECTH TeAecKOTIOB, CO3AaHHas IPH corpyanmuectse HESS 5 Hamann. Tamma-13- ayseHie Kpa6a Gino HsMeperto mepBEIM, Hero MHTeHCHBHOCT Cada Mepoii HHTeHCHBHOCTH ‘ASL APYTHX HCTOMHHKOB. Tloaywenmutit pesyanrat ne TOABKO TOATBEPKAACT HATE MexaHH3Ma YCKOpeHHs 11po- TOHOB H siAep B CBepXHOBOH, HO H TlOsBOAKET TAKE ONEHHTE chextp ycKopenHbtx yacrHu: CNeKTPBI «BTOPHYHEIX” TaMMa- KBAHTOB H «IepBHYHBIX” TpO- TOHOB M Aep BECbMa GAH3KH. Marwrnoe mone 8 KpaGe # ero pasMep AonycKaior yexopenne MpoTOHOR AO SHEprHik MOpHAKA 10" 9B. Crrexrpst sacram Koc- MHYECKHX AYeH B HCTOUHTKe Ht B MeXK3BE3AHOIT CpeAe HECKOAL- 10 9B, Mootomy Hanpapaenve cosaarouynx LAA wacrau c aHeprueit meee 10°° 9B He yKa- SEIBACT Ha HX HCTOUHHK. B 3To! OGAACTH IHep- THit OCTA’TCA TOABKO HAGAWOAATb BTOPHAHBIE SAY¥EHHH, TeHepupyeMBte B CaMHX HCTOSHHKAX MpoToHaMn H sApaMH KocMHYeCKHX ayuelt. B Kapma pacnoaoxenua demexmopos o6cep eamopuu Ivep Oxce 6 nposunyuu Mendoca, Apzenmuna, Touxu — demexmopws uacmuy. Ye ‘moipe demexmopa dayopecuenyuu ammocpepor pacnonomensi 6 nynkmax, npedemas.nenHux Hassanuanu 6 xéamex npamoyeonnuKax. Bo- ‘ee moicauu demekmopos wacmuy, noxprisaiom naowads 3 moic, Kx? c paccmoanuen mexdy demexmopamu 1,5 xm. Temvipe demexmopa payo- pecuenyuu «npocmampusarom» amaochepy Had ‘moit xe nxowader. Cmpoumeasemeo yemanooxu saxanxueaemca 6 2008 z0dy. «Hayxa n mmann» No 10, 2008, Aemexmop dayopecuenyuu amnocpepr: wecme ‘meaeckonos npocnampusaiom amaocpepy 6 none spenus 0—30" no ericome nad zopusoumom u 6 noae spenua 0—180° no asuaymy.AOcTyTHOHt AAT HaGALOAeHHA OGAacTH 3HeprHit ramMa-HaaydeHiis (E < 10! 9B) AaHHBIe 0 Ha- TPpaBACHHH MpHXOAa ero KBaHTOB yGeAMTeABHO TOKaSbIBAIOT, HTO KOCMHYECKHe AYYH H3AYYAIOT OObeKTHI, CKOHIEHTPHPOBAHHBIe B TAOCKOCTH nauteit TaaaxtaKn. Tam Ke cocpeaoTo¥eHo H M@KSBEIAHOE BeLeCTBO, C KOTOPBIM BIaH- MoaeHCTBYIOT YaCTHIKBI KOCMHYECKHX Ayuelt, TeHepHpys BTopHittoe raMMa-H3ayuenHe. TipeactaBaeHHe 0 KOCMHYeCKHX AYYAX KaK «MeCTHOM TaAaKTHYECKOM ABACHHH OKA3AAOCB BepHO AMIlIb AAS 4aCTHN, yMepeHHLX 9HeprHit E < 10" 9B. Orpanwuenniie BosMoxKHOCTH TaaakTHKH Kak YCKOpaTs, TaK H YAePKHBATH YacTHbt ¢ OCOGEHHO BLICOKoIK SHeprHtelt OLA YyOeAHTeABHO TPOACMOHCTPHPORAHEL B ONEITAX ilo HaMepenitio 3HepreTHYeCKOTO CrIeKTPa KOC- MU4eCKHX AyYe. B 1958 roay Teopritt Bopucosis Xpucrwan- cen m Tepmait Buxroposw4 KyaHKos OTKpBIAK pesKoe H3MeHeHMe BHAA 9HepreTHyecKOrO cirekrpa Kocmmteckix Ay4eit pH SHeprHH 110- paaka 3:10" 9B. IIpH aHeprasx MeHBITe 9TOTO Hates 3KCePHMeHTAABHBIC AAHHEIC O CTIEKTPE YACTHI OOBIIHO NpeACTABARAH B «creneHHOM» BHAG Tak, ¥TO HCAO YacTHI NC 3aAaHHOHt 3Hep- rueit E cumraaoce o6paTHo MportoprwoHaABHEIM sHeprHun YacTHHBt B cTenenH 7: N(E)=a/E" (y — ancbbepentMaabHpiii noKasarenb creK- a” 1 cnvrwne=nporon- 1972 "Bask 3 tmaunre08 = as (© HIRES 2005 ae ‘ Aueen 2007 2 i ? aubat 3 ah? - q a ) gut wt Wi) Bi rT rn ne ee log(), E 8 9B Kocauveckut demexmop TYC bydem nadaw @amp IILAJT yaompaseicoxoit anepeuu ¢ op6umot Bemau. pa). Ao aHeprum 3:10" 3B noxasarteab y = 2,7, HO MIpH Tlepexoae K GOABILHM 9HeprHaM 9Hep- TeTHYeCKHit CHEKTP HCHEITEIBAeT «H3AOM: Aas oneprait E > 310" oB y cranosures 3,15. ‘Sro HaMeHeHHe crieKTpa eCTeCTBeHHO CBx3aTb ¢ NpHOAWKeHHeM gHeprHm ycKOperHtDIx 4a- CTHI K MaKCHMAABHO BO3MOKHOMY 3HAEHITO, BBIYHCACHHOMY AAH MexaHH3Ma YCKOPeHHA B Crepxtionnix. B moan3y TaKoro oOpscHenus H3AOMA CTeKTpa TOROPHT 1 AAepHBIE COCTAB NepsHunsix Yacrn B OGAacTH aHeprait 10°— 10” 9B. HanGonee taaéxunie cpeqenia 0 He AatorKommaexcutre ycraropki LAA — «MIY», «Tyna», «THGer», «Kackaa». C 1x nomouyb1o TOAYYaIOT He TOABKO CBeACHHS 06 oHeprHH TepBHuHBIX AAep, HOH TapaMeTps, saBHcAIMe OF HX aTOMHBIX HOMepOB, — «IIMPHHY» AMBHS, COOTHOMIeHHS MeXKAY KOAHYECTBOM 9ACKTPOHOB HW MIOOHOB, MexKAY KOAHYECTBOM CaMBIX 9Hep- THUHBIX 9ACKTPOHOB H OOIIHM HX KOAMYECTBOM. Bee 3TH AaliHbIe CBHACTEALCTBYIOT, STO C POCTOM oHePrHH HepBHYHBIX 4aCTHI, OT AeROIK TPAHHAIE! cileKrpa AO ero H3AOMa K 3HEPrHH MOCAe H3AOMa MpOHCXOAMT yBeAHeHHE UX CpeaHeit MaccEI. Takoe H3MeHeHMe cocTaBa YaCTHIL M0 MaccaM coraacyeTca C MOAeABIO YCKOPeHHH YaCTHI, B Cpepxitonix — ono orpaHMeHo MakcHMaAb Hoit sHepruel, saBHcatelt oT 3apsaa YaCrHTL. Aaa mporonon ota MaxcHMaAbHax oHeprits TopsaKa 3:10" 9B m yBeaMunBaetcs mporopnn- onaabHo sapsay ycKopseMoit vacruuts (Apa), TaK 4TO sHApa 2KeAesa 2¢ptheKTHBHO YCKOPAIOTCH BMAOTS AO ~10"” 9B. MHTeHCHBHOCTS MOTOKOB, wacTHn, C 9HeprHeii, mpembitatomel MaKcH- Maabity10, GbICTpo maaaer. Ho permcrpanus wacran emé Goasurnx oueprinit (~3-10" 9B) moKa3aaa, uTo cneKTp KOCMHYECKHX Ay'elt He TOABKO He OOpbiBaeTcs, HO BOSBpauljaeTca K BHAY, HAGAKOAaeMOMY AO naaoma! VisMepexua sHepreriueckoro cnexrpa B 06- AACTH «YABTPABEICOKOIt» steprum (E > 10'° 3B) ¥eHb TpyAHBI H3-3a MAAOTO KOAHYECTBA TAKUX acta, Js HaGAoAeHHs 9THX peAKHX COOEITHIt HeOOXOAUMO CO3AABATH CeT M3 AeTEKTOPOB noroxa vacTan IAA 4 nopokAgHHBIX HME B armocibepe msayyenus BasHaosa — Yepenxo- Ba M MOHM3aqHOHHOTO HaAyeHUA (KAAIOT HAGAIOACHHA 8 ramMa-H3AyYeHiss, aHeprerHseckutit ceKTp horonon KoToporo c sHeprueit 1—10 TB (10°—10" 9B), HaGatogaemutit Ha ycraropKe HESS, mpeactapaen Ha crp. 7, rpacbax BAHBY. HaGaloqaemas HuTeHCHBHOCTS raMMa-WsAy- enna oT M87 coctapaser mpuMmepHo 3% oT uatercusroctn KpaGa. C yuérow pasHHitbt 5 paccTOsHHH AO STHX OGBEKTOR (5000 pas) 970 osnayaet, 40 cBerumocr M87 npeppinaer cBeTHMocte Kpa6a B 25 MHAAHOHOR pas! MoaeaH yeKopeHHst ¥aCTHN, CO3AaHHEIC AAS 2TOT0 OF beKTa, HOKASEABAIOT, 70 HHNTEHCHBHOCTD wactan, yeKopsemErx 8 M87, MoxeT GxITp TAK BeAHKa, "TO A&Ke Ha PACCTOSHHH 50 MHAAHOHOR CBETOBBIX AeT BKAAA STOTO HCTOUHHKa CMOKeT oGecnesHTt HaGAOAaeMYI0 METTEHCHBHOCTD KOC- Ma@eckHx ayueii c 9HeprHeit BEmte 10 3B. Ho Bor SaraAKa: B COBpeMeHHBIX AAHHBIX 0 UWIAA no Hanpapaenino Ha stor HcTosHHK Her MaObiTKa YacTin, c oHeprueli nopaaKa 10! 9B. A. He MPOSBHTCH AM STOT HCTOURMK B pesyanraax GYAYILHX KOCMHYECKHX 9KCMePUMeHTOB, MPH ‘TaKHX 9HEPrHAX, KOTAa A@AbHMe HCTOUHAKH, Yoke He AaIOT BKAAAA B HaOAOAAeMEIe COOBITHA? ‘Curryanus c H30Mom B sHeprerHyecKoM creK- ‘Tpe MoxXeT MOBTOpHTHca eIyé pas, HaMpHMep mpi oHepran 2:10”. Ho Ha ator pas HCTOuRHK AOKCH ObITh BHACH B HEMepeHHsX Harpanne- Ht TpaeKTOpHH NepBHYHOH 4ACTHIYBI, TAK KAK oueprit > 2:10 9B HacTOABKO BeAMKH, ¥TO ACTHINBI HE AOMVKHBI OTKAOHATECH B TaAaKTH- MeCKHX MaTHHTHBIX TIOARX. Kak BHAHM, TOCAe CToaeTHelt HcTOpHHT MayYeHHs KOCMHYECKHX AWC MBI CHOBA AAEM HOBBIX OTKPBITHH, Ha 9TOT pas KOCMHYECKorO HSAYYOHHM YABTPABLICOKO! SHeprHM, HPHpOAA KOTOOTO NOKa HeM3BeCTHa, HO MOKeT HrpaTh BaXKHYI0 porb B ycrpolicrse Beeaenitoit. AMTEPATYPA Ao6porux H. A. Kocmmueckne nyan.—M.: Ha. AH CCCP, 1963. Mypann B. C. Beenenne 8 dyanxy xocmmye- ‘oxuex nywoti, — M.:Tsa, MTY, 1988 Tlanacox M. Mf. Ctpaniaxn Boenennoi, ann ‘9x0 Bonbworo sapeisa. — Dprsiio: «Bex2e, 200. Pocen B. Kocmmeckne nya. —M.: Avowanar, 1966. Xpeuon B. A. Penstmancrenne mereopst // Hayxa » Poces, 2001, No 4, Xpenos B. A. « Hanacix M. M. Mlocnan- umn KocMoca: AansHero Munn OnuxHero? // IIpxpOxa, 2006, N02. Xpenon B. A. w Kanon I. A. Oxnaaetoa corqpurrne // Ipypoaa, 2008, No. «layne wcmannsSOTOBHOKHOT SToT CHMMOK cAenan Mu- kpockonuct-no6uTenb us CUA Crusen Hap. Moi sign TOHKH Cpes CHOHOBON KOCTH 8 NOAApNsOBAHHOM cBeTe NpH 15-KpaTHOM yeennveHnn, Okpyrnbie ctpyktype Ha chime — Tak HasbiBaeMbie CNOH NOW MUKPOCKONOM ‘OcTeOHI, sneMeHTapHbie CTpyK- ‘Typ! KocTHOM TkaHM. B cepesi- He KaxKjoro OcTeoHa — KaHan, 8 KOTOPOM BO BpeMA pocTa M copmposanusa Koct npoxonsT nuTaiouyme 68 KPOBeHOCHbIE cocynbi. Boxpyr kaliana pacryT THBIe KAETKH, MCTIONbayA nurarenbHble BeuyecTBa KpoBM. Tpomexxytkn mexay ocTeoHann 3anonHeHbi CoeAMHHTeNbHON TKaHbI0 COTAOXEHMIEM KPHOTAN- suikoB anamura, No marepwanam xyprana «Cosmos» (Asctpanua).CEST ene) I eo EXHHYECKOM AYYHO- Vl woPo KOCTH M3 KEPAMMKK wypynamn Min nposono“Hel- Pesynbtatom cosmectHo MM WaMu. Tb cn T0B PXT! mrt Mennencesa, in ASI KOCMMMECKHX asTomaTHKH 4 rugpaBnuKn VW SEMHEIX HY KA, w Mockogckoro oGnactHoro _B Poca paspaGoraH npo- Hay4HO-MCCMeQOBaTeNMLCKOTO KT MOHHOrO ABTATeNR, KOTO- KAMHMMeCKOrO MHCTHTyTa(MO- _ pbivinpeaHasHa4eH Ana KOCMM- HMIKV/) cran Hosbit marepwan — YeckmxannapaTos pasnm4Horo —cunukoKanbuniiochatHan HasHa¥eHus. Ha HsKOOpG6H- kepamuka BKC. Ova cofepxuT TanibHbix KOCMMMECKHX O6b- Nony4eHHble CMHTETHYECKMM — eKTAX CBASM C NOMOUKbIO sTOFO nyrém BeulecTea, BxoAsUIMeB ABMraTeNs MOXHO Npo“3BO- cocras KocTeii: ranpoxcuana- _AyATe KoppekTupoaky OpOuTbI, THT M B-TpHkanbunidocdar. 8 TOM 4McNe NDeUMSHOHHYIO, Bvokepamuka BbinycKaeT- 40Gb! KOMMeHCMpOBaTb BHEL- CAB BYE WePOXOBATBIX NO- He BOSMyWeHHA: asponMHa- PucTbIX rpaHyn pasnuyHoro —Mu4ecKoe ConpoTMBneHne Ppasmepa: oT 0,1 20 4 MM. ConHeYHbiliBetep, uaMeHeHiNA Kpyniiie rpatynbi nomeuaior cunts rpasuTauyn. Ha reocta~ B NONOCTS, KOTOPAaR BOSHM- UMOHAPHbIX CNyTHMKaX ABMITA- kaeT 8 KOCTH B pesynbTaTe —Tenb GyaeT McnonbsoBATECA B onepauw uni palenvs, woHM —cMcTeMax opMeHTaumn cnoco6crayioT pereHepaunn Mobi ny'ox 8 asnrarene KOCTHOI TkaHi. KOCTHaR TKaHb — CO34a6TCA He rviasMaTPOHOM, NpopacraeT CkKBOSb Nopti, M_Kak 8 GOnbiMHCTBe NONOGHbIX rpalynit c KOCTBIO OGpasylor KOHCTPyKUMit, a ruOpMaHbIM MOHONMT. (c mHaykTHBHOW MW émKOCT- 4 Ha 3eMNe B MOHHO-nyyesbix Menkwe rpatynbi no3B0- HOH KOMNOHeHTaMn) BLICOKO- _TexHOnoruax. Usnece ucnonb- ASIOT YCTPAHUTb NapafOH- YaCTOTHBIM PaspAAOM. Sta OBaHMe BbICOKOYACTOTHOrO TanbHble fedexTel Ha KOPHSIX CXEMa NOSBONReT IGEXaTe —_paspAna AaéT onpeaenéHHLIE 3y608. KoHTaKTa NnasMbl C aneKTPO- _ NpeMMylwecTBa, NOCKONbKY Via GuoKepamukn uzroTae- ami, a CReAOBaTeNbHO, UC- _ Pa6O¥MMTeNoM MOryT ObiT He AMBaWT TawKe MMANAHTAT!, KMIOYAETCA HX SPOSMA, M NO- —TONbKO MHEPTHBIe, HOM xHMM- NPMMeHFeMbIe B HeMpoxu- —sbilaeTCR pecypc HeCkn aKTHMBHbIe ra3bl pyprin. Onw npeactasnaiot —_ Mori yokoptorca anexrpo- Co60h CooTBeTCTAYIOWIMe NO CTATHMHeCKAMIONIEM, MAxXNYHOK SACSIOH TIAMEHM cbopmeu pasmepam bparmeH- —AMaMeTpOM 9 CM CosnaéT TAry ‘Mp noxape cuicTema BeH- TelKOCTe/ CBonaMOcHOBAHMA BNpenenax4—7 MH. Knaoev- TunAuHn npespawaerca B YepenanTennosBoHKOB(poTO FaTeNA MOUIHOCTBIO 10 220 BT HaCTORULYIO «nisTyIO KONOHHY» sHway). Hanpumep, nocne aocturaer 70% Ona He Tonbko cosnaér n0- Tpenavaumn epena MMniaH- —- KOHCTPyKUMA MOHHOrO ABM- _OAHMTeNbHYIO TATy, HOM cniO- TaTOM akpbiBaloT OTBepCTHe FaTeNANOSBONAeT NpuMeHATS —coBcTayeT pacnpocrpaHeHiio MW kpenst ero THTaHOBBIMM ero He TONbKO B KOCMOCe, HO Ord ro BCeMy anaHiNo. B Oops6e 3a xnByyecth anaHna Tenepb noaBMnnce NOMOUWHK — orHesagep- xnBaiou\ne Kanab OKC Mexanuam, saxpeisaiouni 3aCnoHKy, BASAH ¢ TeMnepa TypHbiM AaTYMKOM 1 cpaba- ‘TbiBaeT, Korma Temneparypa 8 NomeueHnn npesbicnt 72°C. Knanaliti umeior orHecToii kocTb 1 unk 2 Yaca, a6 Kaye cree npusoga ncnonbaylorca aneKTpoMarHut, aNeKTpo- MexaHwyeckoe yCTpOrcTBO (BepxHee oro Hac. 43 cnesa) unu npyxuia (cpenHee oro Hac. 43 cnesa). BnocneaHem 10 «Hayna n anann» No 10, 2008,© Camu Gonswor 8 Mupe nnapatenbHbil Gaccelil He- ‘aBHo oTKpbinca B Yun. Ero nnowanb 8 ra, O6bEM Bopp! 250000 kyGomerpos. MaKcn- ManbHaa rnyOuva Gacceiva 35 metpos. Bona saKaunsa- eos M3 OKeaHa, ONMULaeTCA, HacbiulaeTca KricnoponoM, a Ha Apyrom KoHUe Oaccelina, 8 kwnomeTpe OT MecTa BnyCka BOMbI, CHOBA BLIOPACbIBAeTCA 8 okeaH. Bona Ha ConHue nporpesaetca no 26 rpany- cos Lenbena, 470 Ha 9 rpa- AYOOB BbiLIe, YeEM 8 OKeAHE. Yannick 6accerin sanecéH 8 Kxnry pexopnos Tatecca, oTTecHma Ha BTOpoe MecTO Gaccelin 8 Kaca6nanke (Ma- POKko), pasmeppi KoTOporO 100 Ha 150 merpos. © Hospi sua xnBOTHEN Ha- wa vTanbaHcKas akcnenM- ua 6 ropax Talianun, Stor PoACTBeHHNK semnepoek M kpoTos nuraetcs TepMuTaMi, NpW4EM MOBUT HX ANAHEIM JMNKVIM 3bIKOM, BbICOBBIBAR ero wa xo6oTKa. Oco6i1 HOBO- orkpbiToro sua (CM. oto) MMeNT B ANMHy OT KOHYKA xo60TKa AO KOHUMKa XBOCTA Gonee nonymerpa, BecaT 20 750 rpaMMos. @ Mexaynapogneiit Ha- yunii KypHan «CaiteHo» B siugape 2008 rona nposén & Bene TanuesantHbiii KoHKypC nog HassaHvem «CTaHuyit 8010 Hay4Hylo paGoTy. Ha KOHKypC npmiuManiice pa6o- ‘Thi B CaMbix pasHbix O6nacTAX aHaHua, OT ACTPOdUsHKH 20 apxeonormn, yuacTsosaTs Moran cTyneHTbI-Aunnom- HMki, acnmpaHTel 1 HOKTO- pa. Kaxnomy us Hux nepen TaHyem fasann 60 ceKyHa, Ha wanoxeHne CyTH caoero wiccnenonanis. XKIOpin KOH- Kypea cocrosno 13 4eTbipex 4enoBeK: aCTPOHOMA, STHO- fora, COTPyAHMKa Hay4HO- nonynapHoro xypHana i npo- cbeccnonansHioro Tanuopa. lo6enntenu nonyynny ro- AgeyiO nopnAcky Ha >kypHan «Cavenc». Ha CHMMKe BHY- ay: Bpaitan Cnoapt taHuyer cBo’ Aunnom o cnocobax AOGHIBAHMA NM AOMCTO- yMeCKHMW mionbMN Ha ore Acppiki OH u306paain oxoTy Ha aHTMNony. @ Bnepatie KkuHOdunEM Ha Gopty naccaxmpcKoro ca- monéra Obin noKagan 8 CLUA B asrycte 1921 roa. KuHo, noKasbisaeMoe nopraTMBHtiM mpoektopom, cMorpen 11 naccaxnpos camonéra-aN- (pv6un KoMnaHun «Aspoma- pm Siipyaiia». Akuna HocMna OfHopasoBbit peknamHbli xapakrep, v cepbésHoe pac- npoctpalieHie sta ycnyrawa- Nana nonywath ToMbKO 8 60-x rosiax npoulnoro Beka. @ Teopnio Bontworo Bapbi- Ba nepabim BuicKagan aH- rawiacKmis cpunocod uteonor, enuckon ropoga JIMHKonbHa Poept poccerect (1175— 1253). Oxnpencrasnsn ce6e coTeopeHve mupa kak BSpbIB TouKu, He uMeBtel pasmepa vw cocTonswen “3 CBeTa. Npw Bapbise ona MrHOBeHHO pacTaHyna maTepiiio 0 pas- mepos Kocmoca. © S¢xbext Goneyronsioue- ro nekapctsa Tem Gonbule, 4em oHO Aopoxe. Viccne- josarenn va yHneepcmTeTa Alpwoxa (CWA) pasgenunu nononam rpynny 13 82 naun- eHTOB 4 1aBaNn BCEM OAHO H To xe CpegcTso oT Gonu. Ho ogHom nonoBuHe cKasann, 4TO kaxkgan TaGneTka CTOMT Ba C NONOBMHOM AONNapa, @ apyrovi — 470 10 yeHToB. Korga nosxe wx nonpocunn OUCHMTb MEACTBEHHOCTb nexapctea, 85% u3 nepBow rpynne ckasanu, 470 OHO NOMOrNo, a BO BTOPOH rpyn- Ne TaKUx OKagANOGb TOKO 61%. @ Kak noxasanu ncnxonorm 3 HaumovanbHoro yHuBep- cureta Cunranypa, apomar wlokonafia 8 Toprosom sane sacTasiser noKynaTenbHny, leapee TpatuTs AeHbrn 67% xeHuIMH, yHacTBOBAB- Wux 8 3kCnepuMente, pe- WHAM KynMTb HOBYIO GnysKy, XOTA MHOrMe 43 HX NOSKE 100 ya w acmaum» No 10, 2008,npvisHanvce, 470 nenbITbIBa- or Heocrarok cpencts. @ BnatentHom BegomcTse CWA oxmaaioT paccmotpe- fa_760 Tbica4 3anBoK Ha uso6pereHis, Tak Kak HaGOp HOBbIx COTpyAHnKoB He ycne- BaeT 3a pocTom us0OpeTa- TesbHOCTM aMepHKaHies. © Munnotepcrso sapasoox- panenna lOxHom Kopennoa- ToTOBMAO TaICAYY NCHXONOTOB Ananesennay nereli saancu- Moctu or MxTepHera. © kpoweuoe octposHoe rocynaperso Kupuoatu 8 Tuxom oKeave, BocTOKy or Hosoi Pannen (nnowans MeHbule Mocks), opraHi- s0Bano cambii GonbulO B Mpe Mopekoii sanoseaHiik. On sanumaer 400 Thics Kea ApatHeix KunoMeTpOB, TO GonwerepmannnvLeevua- piv, amecte eastbix. Mpaeaa, crpana 6yget TepaTe oKond Tpéx MAnnvoHoB AONnapoe B ron wa-3a sanpera Ha pbiGo- NOBCTBO 8 3TOM OGUIMPHOM paiione, Ho npasmrentcTeo Hageerca, 470 yulep6 B03- MeCTAT TYpMCTEI, KOTOPLIM saxoveTcA NOCMOTpeTb Ha 4yneca mopa. © Asrop camoro nonpoGHo- Fo AHesHuKa — amepnKaHey, PoGepr Limnac. Ox npoxun 77 ner, wnocnepHue 24 ropa XUBHM BEN DHEBHUK, @Ke- AKeBHO sannceiBas Kaxn0e e808 neticrane. OGuyni OO%- &m avesHuKka OueHnEaIT B 38 munnvoHos cos, sanncn HanonHunn 81 KapToHHyio KopoOky. @ YueHinKn opHO! us uKON Holimapxa (Tepmanna) He MeHee OnHOro ypoka B eH Nposons cros sa cneun- anbHbiMit monaTpamn, pery- AupyeMbiMn NO BbICOTe (CM. oro). Sto nenaetca ans NpodunaktuKn ocreoxoH- Aposa u apyrx GonesHent NO3BOHONHINKa. © B npuropone raarn (Tonnanaia) orkpeunca Mysett 4enoseseckoro Tena. 3nanue umeeT Npvictpoliky & Bune cn AAUEN YenoBe4eCKO! burypbi BbicoTon 35 meTpos. Noceturenn npoxonsir no opranam wcuicremam 4enosexa, ‘3HaKOMACE CX yCTPOr- cTBoM u pa6oron. @ Ecru Unteprer 6y- ert npononxare pas- BMBATECA Tak, Kak OH pasbusanca ¢ camoro Havana, To Yepes 25 Jie BoA anekTpOsHEp- rua, BbipaGarbiBae- ag'Ha Semne, craHer YXOAMTb TONKO Ha Hero. Mpwyém naneKo He scerna Ha meno: kaxkatbilt pHCOBAHHEAI Nepconax nionynsipHoi oHAMHOBON urpbl «Second Life», 8 KoTopyio onHoBpe- MeHHo urpaior TBica4H Moper No acemy Mupy, ucnonbayer CTOnbKo xe aneKTposHeprin, CKONKO CpeAHH xUTENb Bpasmnun. @ Snugemus oxnpenns B CWA pacnpoctpainace Ha soonapki cTparib. Berepnia- bi COObuIAIOT, 4TO ropunnts, TbebI M MHOre Apyrie >«M~ BOTHbIe CTann HaOMpath Ki- sorpamMis. More soonapKn BBeNN pasrpy3o4Hbie AHN C orpakv4eHHbim nuTaHiiem, @ Karonnyeckas yepKosb Moxpeana (KaHana) npo- AaéT cBOM Mano noceUiae- Mbie xpambi — 30 uepKeeli, To coctasnser Gonee 10% kyfbToBbix CoopyxeHni STO Bepbl. Moxynarenu —npote- CTAHTCKMe OBLIMHEI MW BbICO- KoKsaccHbe pecTopaHts @ YcnewHo sasepwmnace onepaumis no cnaceHiio Mn- satckoh Gawkn, HayaTan 6 1980 rony. Oxnaawr, 4To pesynbratos paGor xearur Ha ‘pucra ner. Ceiiuac HaknoH CaWHM TaKoB Xe, KaKMM OH Gein 8 1700 rony. © Counonormueckoe 06- cneposanne byrGonbneix Gonenbuynkos, nposeneHHoe 8 18 crpanax Esponti, no- Ka3ano, 470 CaMble MOWWKO- HanbHbie GonenbulKH — He MTanuAHUbs, KAK MOXHO Ob10 Gui nopymars, a wsenbs, CH Tajoulmecn ChepxaHHbiMn 1 axe cpnermaTv4HbiMy. @ Hosous6pannuit map kpynHoro 6pasunbcKoro ro- poga Cax-Mayny (Hacenenne 11 Muanmoxos xuTenei) 3a- NpeTin B ropone BCAKYIO Ha- PykHylo pekiiamy, Ha 3aCMIbe- KOTOpOH AaBHO xkanoBaNnce ropoxane. Jlaxe sbiseckm ma- aavHOB ypesanb: Ha KaKAbIE 10 metpos acana paspewe- Ho OTBeCTH BbIBECKe NosTO- pa Merpa. JlemoHTupogaHbt 8000 pexnamunx crenaoe, AmuiMniice exam 6oKa as ‘ToGycos. CHsTsi CBeTAUINECA HeoHoBbie Haqnicn. ABMANCE Ha ceeT 6oxNi KpacuaLle ¢acanp| crapnilibx snaHnin >XMBONMCHBIC CKBEPEI, 10 TOTO SaropoxeHHble PeKNaMHbiMn uywTamu, oTKpBINacb nep- chexTuea mHorux yniu, CTa- JW BAHbI AOPOXHBIe SHAKIN. Yay4uimnace ocBeuyéHHocTS keapTup. Mpasaa, KpuTMKn Mapa roBopar, 4r0 ropoa Cran ebirnajeT MpasHosaro, 20 Tics NenoBeK nMWMAce paGors!v weranonvcnotepan COTHW MunnNoHOB peanos, KoTOpbie Bbinnayneann pe- Kslamoparenu 3a nipaso ycTa- HoBMT® cBOM Uy. «Hayna n mnann» No 10, 2008. 101@ BNOrPAOHH WHXKEHEPHBIX COOPYXKEHMA OTOHb HA CKANE (OEOMOCHRCRHA MARR) 3amnorosexosyio ucTopiio 4enosevecTea cmenan MinKeHepHaa MbICne cosnanaHemano BBIAaIOLUMXxCA TBOPEHNiA, HO MOPCKMe Masaki, HECOMHEHHO, OfHa M3 BePLIMH TeXHMYECKOTO. Taopyectsa. BosBoqMMble Ha CKaNax, B TPYAHOAOCTYNHbIX MecTax NoGepexnii Man Ha KpOUe4HbIx HCKyCCTBEHHBIX OCTpOBKaX, OAMHOKMe GaulHM OaWTeNbHO OxpaHAIOT MOPCKMX nyTewecTseHHMKos OT KoBapcTea Hentyna, a ecam M cnyyaeTca Gena, TO mopM, Ha HAX -XMBYLUMe, NepBbIMM NPMXOAST Ha NOMOLb NoTepnesuMM. Kanamaat Texumueckux Hayk C. AKCEHTbEB (r. Cesactononp). oro asropa. mae 1890 ropa no peuieHinio pocculickoro npaguTenbcTea rasta 6asa YepHomop- ckoro ¢nora Gbia nepesegena u3 Hukonaesa 8 Cesactonon. Fopog nonyumn cratyc BoeHHON kpenoctn 3-ro knacca 4 Obin saKpbiT yi No- CeuleHaa MHOCTpaHHbIx cyaoB. BoTan sonpoc © nepeHoce KoMMep4eckoro nopTa. Nocne nonrnx e6aTos NpHHANn peuleHHe NepeANc- nouMpoBare ero 8 Deopocuio. Ta B CposHOM NOpAAKe HaYaNN BOSBOAMTS NpMMANbHbIe CO- OpyKEHMA Mt TAHYT BETKY KENIeSHOH HOPOT. @eogocuiickwis 3anus wupoKum nonykpy- XxHEM BAAETCA B IOXKHbIT Geper BOCTOYHOFO Kpbima, o6pa3ya yo6HyWo AA CTORHKH CyOB 6yxty. SanagHan 4aCTb 3anvBa OKaHYMBaeTCA ckanuicTeim Mbicom CasToro Unb. KpyTono6eii Mbic, BbICTyNAIOUINA AaneKO B Mope, 3aTPyA- HaeT NOAXOA K beomocHiicKomy NopTy cyfam, vayWwMM ¢ sanana. 3aect ¥acTbs wkBANMCTHIe NePeMeHHbie BeTpEI, OCEHBIO M BeCHOM HepenKA BHEgANHble TyMaHbi, eTOM — NMBHEBbIe 1OKAM, @ MHOFOYMCNEHHbIE Pdbl, OKAMMNAIOLIME MbIC, AenaioT niasatue BAN» ero Geperos Kpaline onacibim. He npoxoawno ropa Ges MopcKoiA aBapniiunu xaracpoei 8 3TOM MecTe. Co6pan Heny# ovepeatyto aa c Mopexonos 18 1890 rony: 16 cbespansa Hefanexo oT Mbica CasToro Unen pas6unca o pidei u saronyn napoxon «Benukvit KHaSb KOHCTaHTMH™, a BCKOpe Ta xe yuacTb Nocturna M napoxog «Branumup». MectHbie razerbi c roperbio nucann: «eo- oons, cAenasuuncs KOMMepYeCKHM NOpTOM, sMweka faxe NopToBOro OFrHA... B GyxTy Napoxogs! BXOAAT NO OrHAM deoAOCHicKorO ‘axt-Kny6a». V geiicreutenbHo, HagéxHOrO HaBMraln- OHHOrO OrpaxneHus B Ty Nopy He Gbino Ha CEM KPBIMCKOM 1OxHOGepexte OT Ai-Tomopa (mask Tam noctponnu B 1835 rogy) ao Yayzb (3nece mask Haan evicTeoBaTe 6 1888 rozy). Npaeaa, kak sactayet v3 qoweAWMx 20 Hac McTOpMYeckux CBeneHKi, NONbITKH NOCTABMTS npeaynpexnaioumi 3Hak npeANpMHMManucD He EAUHOxAbI, HO COOGeHHA 3TH GonbUe ni xOxKH Ha NereHAbl. Tak, NO OAHON M3 Hux, HeEKHiA mopak-kyneu Vinbs Tamapa, aeaxabi Tepnes- wwii KpyweHne Ha pudax KOBapHoro MbiCa, HO OCTABUIMMICA B XUBbIX, Ha COOCTBEHHBIC cpencrea nocTasin Ha CaMoM BbICOKOM MecTe OGpbisncroro Gepera WepKoBb BO MMA CBATOFO npopoxa Minow ~ pacnopsiavTens n0xAeH, 7pO- Mos M MonHiii. YTo ona coGol npencTasnana i CKONBKO NPOCyLeCTBOBaNA — HeMsBeCTHO. Ect ceenenus, 470 8 1816 rony Ha e8 mecTe Geina ocaauena vacosHia CaaTo- ro ine w Mopaka npn nopxone knlopty AHEM opHeHTHpoBanice NO KynOnbHOMY KpecTy, a HOMEIO — no caety cBeveli, ropesuinx 8 antape. OanaKo 8 80-x ronax XIX geka Mbic bin nepsosnaHHo nycr. Bs6ynopaxnewine Bex kara- cTpodb! 1890 rona sactasunu Avpekunio maskos YépHoro 4 ‘Aa0gckoro Mopeii CpoyHO pac- ‘MoTpeTb BONPOC o CTpoMTeNb- cTse maska Ha mbice CaaToro nou. C ono6pexua Puaporpa- uveckoro genaptamenta 6 1894 roay mbic o6cnenosann cneymannctel, 1 KoMaHaMp rwaporpaduyeckoro cyaHa «Wnryn» BbiGpan MecTo Ana yoTaHoskn MasKa. Ho u3-3a Koapnoiit mie Coamozo Havu 6 1020-sanadnou vacmu Peodocuit exou Syxmu. 102orcytcTsna cpeacTs Hayao cTpouTenbersa 6eino oTnoxeHO. HeussectHo, ckonb gonro ANKAMch Obi no- VickM MOpCKHIMM 4HHOBHKaMM CpencTs Ha CTpowrenbcTBo Masika W CKONEKMX YeoBe4e- kin xi3HeH CTOMNO 6bI9T0 GesnericrEne, ecnn 6b1 8 CeMbe MOCKOBCKOrO ronoBbI, WBECTHOFO MeueHata KoHcTaHTHHa Bacunbeanua Pyka- BMUWHiNKOBa, He CTpacnact Gena — 3a6onen Ty- Gepkynésom ennmicTaeHHbii Coil, neBATHARUa. TwneTHni Hukonaii, TonbKo ¥TO NOCTyNMAWHI B Mockoscknii yhmaepcurer. KoHcunuym apaseli NpwsHan NonOxKeHNe CepbEsHbIM, HO MHEHM MeRMUAHCKHX CBETIMN O CNocobax NeseHnA pas- aenwnvc. Saxapbi4 npemnaran HeMeneHHO Be3TH GombHoro B BauikKMpMio Ha KyMBIC, a Octpoymos kareropueckn 3Tomy npoTHaNnca, HacTampas Ha noesaKe & Kpbim. Mocne mone Ha, copepwuéHHoro y nocTenu GonbHoro Bnapt- kolt VoahHom Kponiwraarckim, ceMbs pewinna Best Hvikonan 8 Deonocuio. Tam ocHoBaTenb pona sonoronpombiuinenHixk Bacinials HinkuTin4 Pykasnwiiikos eué 8 60-x rogjax XIX Beka npu- o6pén MeHHe, B KOTOPOM mOGWNM NpOBOAMTE HeTo AOMOYAALbL Connie, Mope H Bognyx, HaNosHHBI apoma- Tamu crentuxTpas, Mano-noMany BosBpalliann cmnbi 8 ocnaGneHHbli GonesHbio opraHuaM, Saoposbe uwio Ha nonpasky. HemHoro okpen- ys, Hukonaii cran copepuiaTe nporynki B opr. Tam nio6osHatentHoro IHOWy npuMeTHnM, Mi BCKOPOCTH OH NOsHaKOMMncA CO MHOrMMn kanmTaHamn cyaos, KOTOpbIe CTanM 4acTbIMN FOCTAMM Ha fave PyKaBMUIHAKOBbIX Buga, kak Ha riagax nonpagnsercs cbiH, pactporakvas mate, Esqoxis HxonaesHa, sanymana oT6naronapiTe ropon Peonocnio| Cnyuiaa pacckasbi KaninTaHos 0 YacTeix Kopa- GnekpywieHusx y mbica CarToro nbn, yHSCUIMX He OpHy COTHIO YenoBeYeckHx xUSHeM, MO TUeTHOCTH MHOTONMCHEHHEIX MONBITOK 40- CTyYaTECR B ABEPM MOPCKHX HUHOBHMKOB, OHA 88 Gonbule ykpennsnact B MbICAN NOCTpOMTe CTOnb HEOGxoAMMBI Mask Ha CBOK cpegcTea Kanuranei, ¢ koTopsimn Esnoxus HikonaesHa Nopenunace sanyMKol, ropa4o noanepxann GnaropopHoe HaMepeHve v OxoTHO faBann cO- BeTbI, Kya CneayeT O6paulaTecA M KaKHe Warn ApeanpMuMars ANA PeweHna aToro onpoca. Ocexbio 1897 rona Pykasvin- Hosa Nogana saasneHne B Anpexunio maskos 0 xKenaHnn NpMHATS Ha CBOH CHT NOCTPOI- ky Masika Ha Mbice CesToro Vinen. Yepes HekoTopoe spema npuwén oTBet, 8 KoTOpoM Mn- PeKuMa MasiKoB peKOMeHsOBana eli BgATE ann 6yayuiero Manka cBeToByio ycTaHoBky «ween- ckoro ors». KncbMy npwnara- vce hnal v YepTexKn GawHn, a cies Eedoxus Konemanmunoena Py Kaouunuroea (J.mumpueea), Pacckasasuan 6 nuceme 06 yua emuu 6 empoumensemae mania eb mamyuxu Eedoxuu Huxonacents Pyxasuunuxosoi. Pomo naxana XX sera, «Hayna nw mmann» X10, 2008, Tax eniznaden Habunckuil maax nocne pexon. cempyryuu 6 1912 2ody CBETOBOM annapaT YHHOBHMKH saka3zann B DuH- ASHOMU. PyKOBOACTBO NOCTPOKO maska Es- okns Hukonaesna nopy4mna TexHuky AneKceIo ‘Anexceesinyy NosoHckomy, ¢ Gparom koToporo Gvina sHakoma, a cama He Mewikasi npuicTynuna k COopy AeHer: sanoxna fay, oTnpasina 6 Mocksy nucbmo cynpyry. KoHcTaHTMH Bacn- sipeBn4 OAOOpUN sanyMaHHoe NpeanpuaTue M npncnan HenocTajule cpencrsa. Yepes roa crpomrenscrso maska AoMa ans CMoTpHTeNs 3aKOHYMN. BcKope nlony4nnn OCBETHTENbHbI annaparT, M Mask Ha4an jeii- cTBosaTb. B «VisseuleHni Mopennaparensm> 103N°5 or 17 beapans 1899 rona nosiennoch oby- uvanbHoe ysenomnenie: «{upekua MankoB noyni 4épxoro 4 As0scKoro Moped uaBeWyaeT mopennasareneli, 470 8 YépHoM mope, BGAN3H @eogocun, Ha meice Union, y s10/1-0cTOBOrO O6pbisa, ycraxoanen 8 AepeBsHHON GyaKe Ha BepUINHe NepeBAHHtIX KOEN ¥aCTO NepeMeH- Hbili OFOHb C O@NIbIMH 1 3ENEHbIMV MUraHUsMy. Boeicota orHa Ha yposHe Mops 214 yt uv Han nosepxHocTsw0 semsn — 32 pyrar. Topodox Havuncxozo maaxa. Anpear 2008 z00a. Cospemennaa Sauna HavuncKozo aana. YTOG6b OcHacTHTS MAAK eLué M KONOKONOM, Ana nogayu curHasios B HeHacTbe, EsqoKnu Hukonaeste npvuinocb saHaTbca BAsaHMEM w GnaroTBopuTenbion npopaxelt UBeTHEIX wepcTaHbix KoWwenbkos. KuTenn Deonocun u OTAbIXaIOUINe C SHTy3Ma3MOM NoARepxNBAN Pykasmuiniikosy. Kowenbku wan Hapacxsar, v4 GonbuiaR YacTb 4x BOsBpawanack MCnONHH- TeNbHMNLIe HANONHEHHEIMM SONOTEIMA MOHETKA- tan. Boxope Ha Maske yCTaHOBMANH M TyMaHHbIit KonoKon. Bnaronapneie ropoxane u Mopsakn Deono- cniickoro nopra HacToiuieo npeanarann Ee- oknm Hukonaeste HasBaTb YCTPOeHHbI MaaK 6 uMeHeM, HO OHa peuMTenbHo OTKaganacb, Sane, 4TO 9TO GecKOpbICTHBIA Aap ropony ‘®eonocnn 3a wynechoe ucueneHMe oT crpaul- Horo Heayra mOGMMoro CbiHa, a Mask NOMKeH Haspipatica Unbilickm, no uMeHH Mbica Can ‘Toro Vnbh, Ha KOTOpOM OH ycTaHoBnex. Torna kanwTaHbl CyA0B, BSBONHOBAHHbIE HE MEHbUIE, eM AapurTenbHnua, COOBWINNH ei, YTO, NPO- XOAs MMMO Mamka, OM KaXxsbil pas CHHMaIOT ‘bypaxkn MonsTca 0 Heli. OT STHx cnoB, Kak cengerentcrayer crapwian NONb EBAoKHs, «Ma- Tyuika He Bbinep»KaNia M paspLuaanace...». Tocrasnenlbiii Ha cpencrea PyKasiulKiKoBoii AepeBAHHDIA Mank UCnpaBHO cnyxkWn MopaKaM 20 1912 ropa. Nlorom ero nepecrponnn: Kosnbi vi Manunyio 6yaKy cAenann MeTanmM4ecKnMn, 3aMeHMnn OcBeTHTeNbHBI annapat Gonee MOUJHBIM, a BMECTO KONOKONA CMOHTHpoBANn NHeamatmeckyio cupery. Flocne peKoHCTpyK- UMM AaNbHOCTb BMAMMOCTH MasHOTO OFHs M1. CbILIMMOGT TyMaHHOro HayTOrboHa sHauinTents- Ho ysenmunnncs. B TaKOM Binge Mask NepexiAn M peBoniounio, u rpaxnareKyio MexnoycoMUy w BorpeTun Benukylo OrevecTBenHyto BOiHy. Ho Bfexa6pe 1941 rona Bo apema KepyeHcKo- ®eonocniicko onepaumn npw AuKennauMn Bpaxeckoi Garapen, oKonasulelica Ha MbiCy, 10, 2008,orém aptunnepnn scmmnua ©KenesHaKoB» Manik 6bin paspywen. Mocne ocaoGoxneHHa ®eonocmn oF awncroKux saxeaTanKos (13 anpena 1944 rofa) Ha mbicy ycraHosinn Bpe- MeHHbiii HaBMrayWOHHblld OOH. KanuTanbHbil Masi 4 ropoflok ANIA OFcnyxKuBaIoULero NepCco- Hana Obi NlocTpOeHbI NMUb 8 1955 rony. Mask coxpanunes 0 Hawhx aHea. Kpyrnan NaTHaquaTHMeTpoBaA GenokameHHas Gala CO CBETABIMM TpeXbAPYCHBIMM OKHAMM, YBCH- MakHan UMAMHAPOM oHapHoro coopyxeHMs, o¥apOoBbIBaeT H3ALYECTBOM M CTpOrOM Kpaco- Toi. NpocTopHbie NecTHUYHBIe MapluM BenyT 8 Masunylo KOMHaTy, OTAeNAHHyIO AYGOBOH unéuKoi. 3nece Mecto saxTeHHoro CMO- Tpwrenn. Ws OKOH XOpOWIO BAAEH BEC paiioH oTseTcTBeHHOCTH — oT Mbica Kiuk-Atnama © OCTPOKOHESHOM Ckanoii-ocTpoBOM VaaH- BaGa Ha toro-saname ao Mbica Yayma Ha B0C- Toke. U3 Mas4Ho KOMHATEI BEPTUKAbHbIIA Tpan BepéT 8 CBATaA CanTHIX — doHapHoe coopyxenne. Tam, 8 UeHTpe rpaHéHoro cre- knaHHOro UnMHApa, 8 2006 rony ycTaHosmnn COBpeMeHHBI CBeTOONTHYECKNi MoAyAb, CoOpanHbilt Ha APKMXx CBeTOAMOAAX, a 3a~ Gory 0 co6moneHnn pexuma pa6oTe! Manka nopy4unu aneKTpoHnKe. OTnana Heo6xonu- MOCTb MB exeXacHLIx MeTeoponorm4eckKMx Ha6nionenusx. Bxonaujan 8 Coctas cncTembt ynpasnenna Munn-9BM Ha 9kpake MoHMTOpa BbIdaéT B PeanbHOM BPeMeHN BCE HEOGXO- Aumble cuHonTH4ecKHe AaHHbIe 6e3 yuacTun Yenoseka. OAHUM cnoBOM — TexHu4ecKHii Nporpecc, w Hago 661 panoBarbcs, Ho Tonb- KO MOYeMy-To, FnAAA Ha HOMHbIe BCNONOXxn OcnenmrenbHo Genoro xonoAHoro cBeTa, VicnbITbIBaeUb OULyLKeHMe yTepN 4ero-TO. >xMBoro. Moka He OcOsHaewb: HET ayya, NpoTArMBalOWero B HOYHYIO HeNpornAAHOCTS Bolo Ténnyio cnacuTenbHyw pyky... 1, noHiK- Maal MOM, 4TO YennaTECs 3a CTapoe ryno, BC6 xe rpyCTHWb, BAAR, KaK, yCTyNaA MeCTO NparmaTw4Ho CospemeHHocTn, Ha TBOMX Magax THxXo yMupaeT MHOToBeKORaA TainHa ORMHOKMx GalleH-Mankoe. -A WCTOPMIO NOCTPOHK Maska Ha MbICe Cesntoro Unbu GepexHo coxpahuna 8 caomx AHeBHMKax MW Noche OKOHYaHUA BeanKon Ore-vecTsexHo! Borne! noseaana 8 nucb- me (ot 21 oxTa6pa 1947 roma) Ha¥anbHuKy Tunporpaduveckor cnyx6e! YepHomopcKo- ro nota fou’ PykaBnuinnkosiix EaqoKua KoxcTanTwHosHa. B KOHUe TporaTenbHoro noBecTeoBahnA Oa CoOGWIana, 4TO BCe OTH Tomb! BHUMaTeNbHO CneaMna 3a cyab6oh 2o- pororo cepauy UneuncKoro masa: «Ewe & 1902 roy, — nuicana ona, — MbIc yMuneHnem Bne3ain Ha MARK C NOKOVHbIM MyXKeM 110 ero KpYTOW axypHOli NECTHMUe H MHTepecoBAce cyab60ri maska B 1944 rony nocie ocB060x- AeHun Deonocum oT HeMeUKHx OKKyMaHToB». He Gyn atoro niichMa, MbI Tak M He yaHann 611 0 Gnaroponviom noctynke samevatenbHon PYCCKON KEHLMHE To Ke 20 CeMbu PykaBMWHMKOBbIX, TO OHM Vv Aanbwe NpopOMKaNM GeCKOpbICTHO AenaTb Ao6po. Coik HuKonaii, cnenya npumepy ma- «Hayna w xcuann No 10, 2008 Aemop cmamou u navanonux maaxa Hemp Upomacos (cnpasa) 6 donapnom coopyaxenuu Havuncrozo manna. Ha nepeduem naane caemo onmuvecruil mody.ab. Maswuaa xomnama Havuncozo maka. TyWuKH, TOxe BHEC CBOW NenTy B OGecneYeHHe HaBitrayMoHHol GesonacHocTn MopennasaHiA aonb YepHomopcKoro noGepexes. B oTwéTe Thastoro Fuaporpadueckoro ynpasneHua sa 1901 ron cooGwaeres: «...07KpBIIH CBOé 2eM- crave CyxymcKue CraopHble Orn, yCTAHOBNEH- Hble WxANBEHEM NOTOMCTBEHHOTO ABOPAHMHA Hukonan KoHcranTnHosuva PyKasnlsHHKoBa, ‘BMECTO NPAWEAWIAX 8 HErOHOCT> EDEBSHHbIX CTBOpHbIx 3HaKOB». Esaoxna Huxonaesna, TaxKeno nepexnaas nopaxenne PoccniicKoro dnora e LlycHMcKoM cpaxexun, 8 1905 roay yorpouna 8 cB0éM MOCKOBCKOM ome Ha Bonbwiom HuKuTcKoit jiagaper Ayia pakeHbix 8 PycKO-ANOHCKON BOM He, Nosxke Npeo6pasoBakHbiii B O6pasloByIO xnpypriveckywo neveGunuy. Hovepn, EanoKus v EkaTepiiia, MHoro eT noneunirenscTBoann Haq KpecToackim roponckHm HavanbHbiM vi Mapbo-CnoGoacKum xeHCKHMM yHHN- wan. 105Xpusanmema yeenvannaa ovenr dexopamusna, eé MoxHO He Moab KO noceam» Ka zpadKe, Ho u nocadumb edoav dopomKu, no 3—4 kycmura, padom c muoconemnuKanu. @ HA CAQOBOM YYACTKE OTBEAAEM XPHSAHTEMY? Ocenbio 8 cany He ocTaétca nowTn HUKaKoii seneHM. Ho NoKa4MBAIOTCA NOR HEYIOTHBIM BeTPOM NocneAHMe KBeTEI — xpwgaHTempl. Mbt pacckaxem 0 xpusanTeme, KoTopaa cnocoGua siigepxatb 3—4 samopo3ska, coxpaHne M0 Ha- Yana HoaGps cBoWw Kpacory H... BkyC. MTaK, xpMsaHTema canatuas. H. SAMSITMHA, arpoxom. Jay4Hoe Hassalne pacreHia — xpnsaTema yeensa- Has (Chrysauthemum corona- rium), wan canatHas. Ponwna e@ — Cpequsemuomopte. B APeBHOCTH aTOT YBETOK onan Ha JlanHini BocTox, re anoHU! npucnoco6unn ero 8 KayecTse ‘OBOUWIHOM KynbTypE. SeneHb canaTHoA xpusanTe- bi WeHUTos 3a BbICOKOe Conep- kahve GeTa-kaporana 4 coner kanua, kanbuns, ocdopa u >xenesa. Eé sMCTRA M WBeTKH Haseanue ysemxa «xpusanmema» npoucxodum om deyx zpeveckux cas — echrysos» u eauthemos», umo osnavaem «3on0mo» u eyae @ yexmpe cousemus. JIuemsa canamuoi xpusanme tot 06.2ada00m cneyugureckum 3anaxom, Nukanmubim akyCOM U MexnbiM apomamon. conepxar nporenttl, yrneso- Albi, HEMHOFO xUPOB, BUTAMMHEL rpynn B, PP, ackop6nnosy kucnory, Y nko xpwaantembi My e8 canatHeix opm — Benbie couseTus, HHOrna C xENTRIM kone4kom y cepauesnukit. Ca- osbie coprocmecn oTnn4a‘oT- cA Gonee spKol pacuseTKOn Creno6ei mHorne e& opme, apyroe meno, 470 coprosbie eCTb Kak-TO KaNKO, BNpO4eM, OGbINHO EART He UBETKM (KOTA Wx MOKHO WCnonbsoBaTe ANA ykpawenna 6riog), a nuctos iM Monogbe noGern, AOCTHrWHe AnnHbt 20 cM. OH MarkHe, C TOHKMM CneUMdAYeCKHM apo- MaTOM 1 MAKAHTHbIM BKYCOM, AOGABNHOT Wx B KANECTBE NPA HOCTH B paanM4niie Cynbs Hl OBO- uyHbie 6niona. Kak 43 cBexei, Kpacomy u neo6evaiinyro opuzunanenocm coysemur xpusan- ‘memoi npudaom oGoenoawle asiuKoswe ysemKu, npUYydaUEO usoenymoe, ayxeoudno pacxodauuecs, OOpasyouue wap UAL Opyeue hope, a maxxe mpyOuamme ysemru, pacnonoxennoie 106 ua w xmaun» No 10, 2008,Tak Wms TWEHOH MononO 3e-| @ABUTYPHEHTY - HA 3AMETKY lent MoXxHO NpMroTOBHTE canaT —emecte c 3enéHbim syKOM aniann vononeayn oxavccrse| M3 PESEPBA IKRSAMEHATOPA ganpaskn mavioHes unin Macno. B Sinownn canaTayio xpusatiTe- | >KypHan ye He nepBbiii ron ny6nuKyeT Bonpoce! no My cnerka OTBapneaioT 8 sone M | dysuKe, TpeGyloU4Me Ka4ECTBEHHOFO OTBETA, HO AONyCKa- NOAAIOT C COBBLIM COYCOM HM | LouMe 4 TOHHOE PeLLIEHNe, KOTOPbIE NOSBONSIOT BLIACHMTE, eibonesnecd ReHCTEMTENbHO NH WIKONBHMK Mn aGMTYPHeHT NoHMMaeT pPACTUT CanaTHyio xpuigal- “ Temy o¥eHb npocro. Pacrexne | PMusHKy. Cm. Ta1oKe «HayKa M xU3Hb» NE 3, 1998 r.; N25, HenpuxoTauso 4 xonogocroiixo. | 1999 r.; N25, 2000 r.; N2N2 1, 12, 2001 r.; N26, 2008 r. Beicesaior e€ (xenaTenbHo Ha xOPOWOOCBEWIEHHOM MecTeMHa | 1, BcnpaBouHHKax,nocoGuNK —_4. EcTb nonesHbiit 8 xan MNOROPEAKOM No4Be), KAKTONEKO | y choBAPAK NO USHKe MOXHO CTBE HECMOXHbI KYXOHHbI colnet cHer, npaMo's rpyHT Ha | ppounTare: «MMnynbc —Toxe, npu6op — Gnewaep. Sto He- PaccroaHin 15—20 om MexaY | sToKOAMMECTBOABMKEHHA>.3TO OOMbUIOM BbICOKOOGOPOTHbI Pactennamn. Moxno nocests | Kaxerca CTpaHHbIM: HMNYNLC —9EKTPOMOTOP, Ha OCb KOTO- CUMe DRY eH ceeony nom, | (oTAaTHHCKOroimpulsus—Ton- Oro HACAKEH HOX-KPbINb- BuilephyTe W.. checTe, ¥ NOD” | vox, yaap)—HeKOeMrHOBeHHOe | aTKa. OM pasmenbuaeT M Fomuncears BepxyuKn, oro | BOSAeACTEMe, a KONMYECTEO NepeMewMBaeTsORHOPOAHYIO tyre aamenner userenne, Ho | ABMKeHA — xapakTepuctuka MaCCy @pyKTbI H OBOLM, N1O- ysenuuueaert 4ucno 6oKoawx | TeNa, KOTOpan He MeHAeTCA MeUICHHbIe B NaCTMKOBbIA noGeroacanctbaMuuuserkamn. | HEOrpaHVYeHHo gonroe Bpema, CTakaH. B HemHoro4mcneH- MosropHtie nocesbi ans nonyse- | ecnucKopocreTenameromacca —Hble Kapkne AHH NpoweAWe- Hus CBee seneHH NpoBOAAT | OCTAIOTCA NOCTORHHBIMM. [o- TO N€TA OYeHb XOPOWO WEN Bcé neTO, BNAOTb AO aBrycTa. | YemyxeTorfasT, cTonbHeno- XOMOAKBIA McnaHcKMiA cyl Moxxo nonpo6orars nocests | xoxne dvanueckie Benwunne — Tacriao (qa NoMMAOpA, ABA xpugairTemy 4 Noa amy. CunTaIOTCA CHHOHMMAMM? cnankux nepua, noxKa on“e- Y canarHolt xpusanTemts, KOBOTO MACHA, GON’ NO BKYCY, 8 ormmune OT HeKOpaTHEHO!, | > Pago6panuncecumnyn- _MOXHO NOAABATS C CyKApHKa- Nepvog pasButuA HaMHOrO mu). Honpu erousrorosneHnn Aonbwe, saykeTaeT OHA Aub | COMM KONMMECTEOM ABYKeHMAA, ' oGHapyxunoct uHTepecHoe fa nepeix counerane xonue | XAPEKTEPMCTHKAMA ZBXYWE” Foor, Kora BOIL YE wiona—mione, cemeHia cospe- | TOCA Tena, pac + MeMY ppespaulaiorcr BOAHOPOAHYIO Bars cepenime asrycra. enn | PaBeH MMNYNBC MaccHBHOTO YEAS aoc ako uentiyio pactennmotugennu cemena we | AMCKa, Bpaularoueroca Boxpyr [UTNE Mecey, Tey ny HYAHBI, BCE COUBETHA HW YacTe | HENOABMAHOM OCH. Boe HEOO- — Chisaeren x OneHsepy UM MOKET Cte6nei MOxHO OpesaTe no | XOMMbIe AAHHBIE (MaccYAHCKA, CpcaeTeR e crmuery Meme MecTa, rae euié HeT Goxostsx | eropaninyc, yrnosyocKopocren Eyice Tn abomayre Baie rte noGeros. B peaynsTare ws acex | np.) cNMTTaTb MaBeCTHEIM Taps roreeore Gira casio NaayX AMCTHEB NORBATCA HOBLIE PORE 's Gancllieg yOMIMes BeTOUKH, KOTOPbIe MOXHO MC- 3. Neiizaxn, chotorpadu- ng ouenke - He MeHee OHO- Honbaosate 8 niuly, a MoxHO | posanibie B ynbTpadwonero- fIO QUCHKE” He Merce ono” sacyuuTe Ha sumy. AoSasnene | Box nyvax, abirnanaT ovens [O,kMAOraMma-cunsi. Ho Tounaét Ononam ceoeobpas. | CTPaNHO. HeOo Ha CHUMKAX Craxan oreanMBaeTcA CaM, a npwnaér 6nonam cB0e06as- | SexonT OeNbiM M SPKUM, 2 WacaaKa GHOKOM ErKO BUINM Aepesbs, NOCTPONKH H MIOAM aera. B4éM NpMiiHa STOrO TeHei He OTOpactisawT. C kynunapHoro napanoKca? KaKHM fBNeHNEM 9T0 CBASAHO @510PO CNPABOK W kaKOH NpakTHYECKMiA BIBOR, C. TPAHKOBCKMA. as NoBceAHesHoh KusHH Kak aeaennas xyawtypa | MOxHO Ms Hero cnenaTb? (Omoeme na c. 120.) » Tocpeectp ceaeKiontbix Aocruxennit PoccHiicKoit ‘eaepansH BKAIOTeHET cAre- ayloulie copra opomtoft, wait canaTHol, xpH3aHTeM Mupax — parecreanii, XOAOAOCTOHKH, AHCTES 3¢- AéuBle, TAAAKHe, AeTIECTKH. BeTKOB Geaste, C EATOI cepatresnHoik ‘Ysopyatas — cKopocrie- Abii, XONOAOCTOHKAM, AHCTESL cBeTAO-3eASHBIe, MeAKHe, @KYPHBIe, COUHBIC, C TOHKHM "IpMSITHEIM apomaTom. L[BeT- Kit C Gexbioit HAH 2KEATHIMIL S9BIMKOBKIMH ACTIECTKAMH. Ae6tt — cpeaieosanitit, ancrbst cepo-aeaéraie, mepH~ cTO-paccevéHHBle, BeTKH cBeTAO-KEATEIC, «Hayna u muann» NM 10,2008. 107atl ae @BHAMAHHE — KOHKYPC! MANBE MUSEH POCCHE 2Kypuaa «Hayka 0 2xu316», Llenrp «PROCBEIJEHHE», arenrcrso «IIpoxcu-Me- Ava» TIpH nOAAepxKe Myses «TYALCKHit IpsHMK» H OAO KonantepcKas (aGpuKa «Crapaa Tyaa» OGBaBASIOT 06 OTKPBITHH CepHH KOHKYPCoB KOpoTKUX CraTeit 0 MaABIX My3eax Vicropruecknii, Spunraxx, Tpersskonka, Moaurexunveckuii — 06 3THx My3e- ‘six 3Hai07 Bce. VIX Mp YBACKaTeACH Ht BEAMIK, HO He MEHee BEAMK H HHCKOABKO He ‘MeHee MHTepeceH Mp MaABIX My3eeB. PACIIOAO*KeHHBIe BAAAM OT TYPHCTHYCCKHX ‘pace W O6OHASHHBIe BHHMAHHeM PeKAAMEI, OHH, TEM He MeHee, CyIeCTByIOT M BeAYT MCKAIOWMTEABHO BaXKHY10 PaOOTY, NOKASEIBAH He CAHIIKOM M3BeCTHEIC Tpaltu Hanrelt KABTypbI H 3a1aCTYI0 OTKPBIBasl 3aOBITEIC HAH BOBCe HEMSBECTHEIC crpanmupi ore1ecraeHHoit HcTopHH. Konxype, npanars yuactue 8 KOTOpoM MbI IIpHraamiaem BCex uMTaTeneit >KYpHaAa, IIpH3BaH MO3HAKOMHTs IIMpOKyi0 ayAHTOPHIO C HeOOBTYHBIMH, TOAYAC 9K30THYCCKMMH 9KCHOSHI{HSIMH. A ECT OHH BE3Ae, HYPKHO TOABKO BHAMATCABHO TIOTAAACT BOKPYT, H BEI YBHAHTC, 4TO COBCEM PAAOM ECT Myselt KAKOH-HUGYAB chaGpuiku, By3a HAM IIKOABI, KPaeBeEAMECKHIt YTOAOKB CeABCKOH GHGAHOTEKE, AOM, B KOTOPOM JKHA XYAOXKHMK HAH TIMCaTeAb, KPOIIesHast 9KCTIOSMIHS Ha CTApOM TOPOAMIe HAM BBICTABKa HapoAHBIX MPOMEICAOB. TaunaTe 06 3TOM, Npucsivairre ororpacum, aysmme paGorsi untareneli GyayT OnyOAMKOBAHBI Ha CTpaHMnax «Hayku 1 u3HM». Mncbopmanus o mpeacraBACHHEIX 4HTaTeAIMM My3eAXx OYACT omy6anxKopana Ha caitre uH(opMatonHoro TpoeKTa «Maasie my3eH Poccum» http://www.pro-21.ru Cpox npuéma marepwaaon Ha neppntit KoNKypc — c 15 ceHTaGps 0 1 AeKa- 6pa 2008 roaa. Aara npeacraBaeHHst MaTepHanoB Ha KOHKYPC OMpeAeAReTCH 0 AaTe MOAYYeHHA MaTepHaaa CepBepoM 9ACKTPOHHOH NOYTEI %KypHana «HayKa WORUSHED. ‘Uro6sr NpHHATE yYaCTHe B KOHKypce, IpHIIAMTe Ha 3AeKTPOHHEIH aApec mail@nkj.ru c noMerKoit «Konxypc “Maabie My3en"» 3aMeTKy-OT3HIB 0 T10- cenjeHuH HonpauBuieroca BaM MaAOTO My3es, HaXOAsIIeToCs Ha TeppHTOpHH Poccuiickolt Deaepanun. @ SamerKa AOMKHA COACPKATHCH B IPUCOeAMHEHHOM (aitne chopmara Word wan pdf. Dororpacun mpwaaraifre B oTAeABHOM dbaiine B dbopmare jpeg wax tiff axGO BBIKAAABIBaliTe Ha AI0GOM AocTymHOM Murepuer-pecypce. © @aiiasi apyroro cbopmata Ha KOHKypc He NpHHUMAlOTCs. @ Ooném samerKu He AOWKeH MpeBEMaTs 3600 sHaKos (IPUMepHO ABe CTpaHHNEI craHaaprHoro TeKcta, HaGpaHHoro mpHcprom Times New Roman pasmepa 12). @ Koaiuecrno 3aMetox, HOAAHHBIX OAHMM aBTOpOM, He OrpaHHuHBaeTcs, OAHAKO K@KAYIO 3aMeTKY OTMpaBasiire OTACABHEIM NMCEMOM, H OHA GyAeT YYaCTBOBATE B KOHKYPCe KaK OTACABHAS 3ABKa, @ Bniichme OOasaTeabHo yKaxKHTe dbaMHAMIO, UMS H OTYECTBO aBTOPa HOAHOCTEIO, nowronsiit aapec, e-mail (ecAM HMeeTCA) H KOHTaKTHEIK TeAetPoH aBTopa, a TaKKE OBAZATEABHO Tourstii aapec My3ex H 110 BOIMOKHOCTH ero TeAedOH, SAeKTPOH- nti aApec, (PaMHAMH PyKOBOAMTEACH HAH SKCKYPCOBOAOB. Aecare aysmmx 3ameToK 0 HanGonee HiTepeCHEIX MAABIX MYSeAX MOAY9aT MPUSBE or opraHHsaTopoB KOHKypca. Tlepsstk pus — noprarapusstit GPS-Hasuratop. Aenars noompureasHBIx mpH30B — TloAMHcKa Ha *KypHaA «HayKa H KHSHBY Ht OpsrMnaabHBte CyBeHMpEI OT Mysest «TYABCKHi IpsAHHK. ae ee 108 «Hayxa n mmann» 10, 2008. allTYNBCKAM NPAAWR Pe a anti myset — oT pac- kas 0 Mano poanne, Toi, ¥TO CHMTCA NPM AONrOH Pasnyke, 370 roppocTs 3a Ceol kpaii. TloanyxHbte KONOKONbLIbI, HHMI néH, xne6, con, Bona M ‘axe BOnKa MMe]OT CBOM MyzeM. O mHornx a HiKx MBI ysHaéM, aMule chy¥aliHo oKasaBuMce no6nnsocTn. A Mexay TeM Ta- Kux My3ee8 no Pycu He CNECTD. Ect myseit wy npaiinka, bite KoTopomy, Camo co60H pas- ymeerca, 8 ropone Tyne, Bea ¢ STHMM MaKOMCTBOM TynsKH He PaCCTaIOTCA BOT yxe HECKONKO cToneTii: nepsoe ynommnaHine ‘onpanike coxpanunoce 8 Muc- osoi kHnresa 1685 ron. Myseii Tak w HaabiBaeTor — «TynbcKiih psiink>. Boe sHameHarenbHbie ‘COOBITHIA B xUSHH YenoBeKa W3- Aasla oTme4anu npaHKOM. Ero Neknn Ha WMeHHHbI, K CBaNbOE. Caane6unii npannK nenann ONeHb CAOGHLIM, NOBEPXHOCTE yxpawann npasaHANHbiMit pi cyHkami,, anpenonHocs ero Mo- nonoxéHam, rosopinu: «[lapum APAHNK W xKenaem, YTOObi Bawa >xvaHb Obisia TaKOl Xe ChapKol W KpaCMBO!, Kak 3TOT NpAHIIK>. Npsiiky' nek 80 MHOrHX OMax, TulaTenbHo OxpaHsiA OCO- GenHocTn peuena oT cocenei. Ne 10, 2008. Hexoropbie «asTopti npocna- BMNMCb Ha Bech Mp. OCOGEHHO sHaMeHiiTes Linn Opares Beno- muneukne, BbineKasuine nPAHMK pasHooOpasitl: OH MoxeT CayxuTb HanonHH- TeNeM KOMNOSMTHBIX KOH- CTpykKuMOHHeX MaTepnanoE M1 gneKTponposoaHeix no- JIMMEPOB, BXOAMTb B COCTAB omasoK i kneés, npumeHsTECA 5 KaNecTBe SkKPaHMpyIOUWX 1 Nornowaiouwx pannonsnyse- Hue noxpeituii a7. 2, ‘SNEKTPOHHbIN KOHCTPYKTOP BPoccwmnossunoceMHoro- cbyrikunonanbHoe yorporicTao, HaseaHHoe paspaborunka- mu «Koopantatop>, KoTopoe MOXHO MCnonb3oBaTb KaK OBbIMHEIM COTOBBIM TenedoH Ho, coeamnne eroc Be6-kame- Pol m MuKpocoxiom, ycTaHos- JHHbIMM DOMa Mn B Oduce, BbI MoxeTe 8 n1060% MOMeHT 43 ml060i4 ToHKH No MO6Minb- Homy Tene@ony yanneTb 1 yonbiwats, 4To NPoMexoAWT TaM B Bale OTCyTCTBNe. B pexume suneoneteKtopa «KoopamvaTop» sauntHt oT sopos. Ans storo oObexrHe 8e6-kaMepbi HY>KHO Hanpa- BUTb Ha BXOAHYIO ABepb unM, ckaxKem, Ha nBepb Celica. Kak Tonbko & None 3peHHs KaMe- PbI NponsoMeT ABMxKeHHE, «Koopannatop» nownéT Ha Ba MOGUNBHMK TPeBOxHEIA cnrnan, A noaknwouns stot GSM- KOHeTpykTop k KOMMbIOTepy, BEI C TOrO Xe MOGMAHMKa cMoxere 3anyckaTb man 3a- KpbIBaTb HYKHbIe BAM NPIANO- HHA H CHEATS 3a Pesyb- TaTaMn BbINUCHReHHiA BETOHHbIA 0M 3A HECKONbKO AHEM BnopmockosHbix MrTnuax paspaGoraa TexHonora Gts- CTporo BoaBeneHis DoMoE C NoMOUbIO HECbEMHON ona- ayOkn. Forosbie Gon ona- ‘YOK COCTORT ua HapyKHOIA (C ytennurenem) v sHyTpeHHeii Tanenel, Mexay KoTOpLIMM HaxonATcA nnacTMaccogbie cTsxku. B naHenax ycraHos- neHbi T-o6pasHbie MeTannuye- ‘ckie KpIOKM, KOTOpBIe CnyKaT Ans KpenneHus coceaHux ‘GnokoB cnomoussio npoBonoy- HbixcTspKek. Korfia pal GnoKos noctagneH no nepumetpy, 8 3ag0p Mexay naHensMi o- MeuaioT apmatypy v, np He- o6xoaumocri, TpyGonpoBopEt AOMOBbIX KOMMYHMKAUNi, nocne sero npoctpancreo Mexay naHenaMn sanonHsioT GetoHom. Cneayioue pagel Gnokos MOHTHpyIoT TaKMM xe o6pasom. 1