�отпы

Впервые в России
МАРК АЛДАНОВ
Сочинения в 6 книгах
:Книrа 1. Портреты
«Жозефина Богарне и ее гадалка»
«Сталин»
«llилсуДСКИЙ»
«Уинстон Черчилль» и другие очерки

Книга 2. Очерки

«Ванна Марата»
«Печоринский роман Толстого»
«Французская карьера Дантеса»
«Мата Хари» и другие очерки

:Книrа 3. Прямое действие. Рассказы

· «Фельдмаршал»
«Грета и Таню>
«На «Розе Люксембург»
«Рубин» и другие рассказы

Книrа 4. Начало конца

«Начало конца». Роман

«Десятая симфония», «Могила воина».
Исторические повести

:Книга 5. Живи как хочешь

«Живи как хочешь». Роман

«Линия Брунгильды». Пьеса

:Книrа 6. Ульмская ночь

«Ульмская ночь».
Сборник философских диалогов
Статьи о литературе
·�OPТPfTbl

Москва, 1994
ББК84Р
А49

На обдожке воспроизведенъt автограф Марка Аддапова и

его портрет работъt zудожпика Арподьда Лаховски в иптер­
претации Б. Федюшкипа.

Под общей редаrцией

доктора фидодоги'Чеt:ких наvк, профессора
Андрея ЧЕРНЫШЕВА

Орфография, пунктуация, написание географических назва­

ний и собственных имен в книге приведены в соответствие с
современными нормами русского языка.

Шеститомное издание прои.1ведений МаркаАдданова,

вne]J8'Ьle выходящих в России, выпищено при 'J/'Частии фирмъt
"Авеста".

По вопросам оптовой закупки книг обращаться по телефонам

265-50-53 и 265-56-62.

© А. А. Чернышев, предисловие, составление, подготовка текста,

1994
©Б. Н. Федюmкин, рисунки, 1994
©В. В. Анохин, оформление, 1994
 МАТЕРИК «МАРК АЛДАНОВ,,:
НЕИЗВЕСТНАЯ ЧАСТЬ

Но тут нас не оставят.

Лет через пятьдесят,
Как ветка пустит паветвь,
Найдут и воскресят.
Б. Пастернак
Пятьдесят лет 11азад, в 1943 году, Клуб к11иги месяца в США
выбрал лучшей к11игой месяца рома11 Марка Алда11ова «Начало ко11ца».
Обык11овеюш выбор останавливают 11а произведениях, написанных на
аиглийском языке, перевод11ой роман-лауреат - редкость. Чести
удостоили в разгар вой11ы русского эмигранта, враждебно относив­
шегося к Сталину, - и это тоже важно: руководствовались высо­
кими художественными достоинствами к11иги. Она получила от­
лич11ые отзывы в критике, вышла круп11ым тиражом в 320 тыс. эк­
земпляров. Но на русском языке «Начало конца» в виде отдельной
к11иги так и 11е поя(Jилось: за рубежом русское книгоиздательское
дело в 40-е годы едва теплилось, а в Советском Союзе до недавнего
6реме11и имя Алданова 11аходилось под запретом. Только теперь рома11
впервые печатается 11а роди11е писателя в 11овом собра11ии его сочи-
11е11ий.

• • •

К11иги Алда11ова 11е вошли, а 6орвались в 11ашу жиз11ь. Их печатают

такие раз11ые жур11алы, как «Октябры> и «Наш совреме1111ик», поли­
тики цитируют его афоризмы, за счита11ные годы 11ачал утверж­
даться взгляд, что это одии из круп11ейших русских исторических
рома11истов. Марк Алекса11дрович Алданов ( 1886, Киев - 1957, Ниц­
ца) - создатель гра11диоз11ой серии из шест11адцати рома11ов и пове­
стей, рисующих два послед11их столетия русской и европейской ис­
тории. Мастер напряжеиного, остросюжетного повествова11ия, кри­
ми11аль11ой политической и11триги. Автор философского труда и 11ауч-
11ых работ по химии - писатель-уче11ый.
По меткому замеча11ию од11ого из критиков, всю жиз11ь мы были
убежде11ы, что за дверями 11ашего дома равни11а, и вдруг об11аружили,
что там высокая гора. Входят в 11аш круг чте11ия запреще11ные
доселе к11иги, и следом уста11авливается 11овая иерархия це1111остей в
русской литературе ХХ века, ме11яются лекцио1111ые курсы в у11ивер­
ситетах. Даже далеким от литературы людям стало вид110, что
11екоторые из к11иг, десятилетиями пылившихся fJ спецхраиах, при11ад­
лежат к отечестветшй классике.
Эмигрантская русская читающая публика его «открыла» более
семи десятилетий 11азад: в 1921 году к столетию со дия смерти
Наполеоиа Алда11ов опубликовал 60 Фра11ции первое свое художествеи­
ное произведе11ие - повесть «Святая Елена, мале11ький остров». И

5
почти сразу же к нему пришла громкая читательская извест11ость.
Михаил Осоргин уже в середи11е 20-х годов призывал «безоговорочно
приз11ать М. Алдооова од11им из первокласс11ых художников новой
русской литературы». Борис Зайцев рассказывал, что, получив новую
к11игу Алданова, 011и с женой разодрали ее надвое - чтобы читать
наперегонки. Ближайшим другом Алданова стал И. А. БyllWI - он
миогократ110 выдвигал Алданова на Нобелевскую премию.
В России Алданова стали печатать с 1988 года. В 1991 году в
литературных приложениях к журналу «Огонек» вышло шеститом­
ное собранШ! его сочинений. Но полное собрание сочинений писателя
составило бы, говорят, сорок томов, он был исключительно плодо­
вит. Сейчас Алданов оказался в цеюпре общественного и11тереса:
обгоняя свое время, он ставил mакШ! вопросы, 11ад которыми мы
стали задумываться лишь недавно: « Что же мы сделали?.. Для чего
отправили на тот свет миллионы людей?» Он писал о войllах и
революциях, происходивших в разные века, в раз11ых стра11ах, и до­
казывал· почти все 011и 11е оправдывали возлагавшихся 11а них надежд и
приводили к порядку вещей худшему. чем был до них. Все попытки
воплотить утопию, создать справедливый обществе1111ый уклад неиз­
мен110 окоочивались провалом. Обществу, человеку надо вернуться к
трезвой самооценке, перестать строить воздуш11ые замки.
Алдооов не только художник, он моралист.
Еще не успели появиться на свет послед11ие «ого11ьковские» тома,
как на стра11ицах многочисле1111ых периодических изда11ий стали печа­
таться его повести, рассказы, очерки, в первое собрание сочи11е11ий не
вошедшие. Возник замысел нового шестшпом11ика - и вот первая
книга перед вами, читатель.
В 11овое собрание входят два важ11ых для русской литературы
романа. В первом, <<Начало конца», писатель рассматриsает психоло­
гию советских людей эпохи 1937 года, когда всеобщий страх, раболе­
пие перед диктатором удивительным образом уживались с искренней
верой в мировую революцию, в историческую миссию пролетариата.
Второй, «Живи как хочешь», изображал русских эмигроотов в после­
военной Европе, но включал в себя две вставных пьесы, новеллу о
средневековом суде над ведьмой, две детективных июприги, одну с
русским военным шпионажем, другую старомодную, с кражей брил­
лиантов, - а на фоне калейдоскопических занимательных картин
развивались по-алдановски серьезные рассуждения о судьбах культу­
ры, о жанре романа, о роли случая в истории.
Любителей исторический прозы Алданова ожидает встреча с дву­
мя его философскими повестями 1930-х годов: «Десятая симфония»
и «Могила воина» - в них действуют Бетхове11, Байрон, Александр 1.
Читатель ознакомится и с драмой «Линия Брунгильды» - ее стави­
ли зарубежные русские труппы в Париже, Праге, Варшаве. Алдано­
ву - историческому мыслителю и литератур1юму критику будет
отведен отдельный том. В него войдут к11ига «Загадка Толстогт>, с
которой в годы первой мировой войны началась известность Алданова,
и сбор11ик историко-философских диалогов «Ульмская ночь», своего
рода итог пути писателя, а кроме того, статьи, рецензии, вос­
поминания. Еще один том - собрание рассказов. О11и печатались в

6
 различных периодических изданиях, выходили отдельной к11игой на
апглийском языке, но на русском подобиый сборник издается впервые.
И 11аконец, послед11ее в пашем перечне, но первое по време11и выхода
и, возмож110, по значимости - собра11ие очерков в двух книгах. Как
мастера психологической публицистики, Алданова сравнивают с Гер­
цепом, 11екоторые критики, например М. Слоиим, отдают его очер­
кам предпочте11ие перед художественной прозой.
Сам писатель пренебрежительно называл свою работу над очер­
ками литературпой поденщи11ой, 110 в 20--30-е годы уделял ей м11ого
времени. Зарубежные издательства выпускали художественную про­
зу на русском языке крохот11ыми тиражами, обыч110 11е более тысячи
экземпляров, редко две тысячи, и, соответственно, гонорары были
мизерными. В. Набоков зарабатывал на жизнь уроками, Г. Газда11ов
работал шофером парижского такси. Алданов ухитрялся сводить
концы с концами только на го11орары и еще к тому же занимался
благотворwпельностью, помогал писателям, нуждавшимся еще боль­
ше, чем он сам. Средством постоян11ого заработка стали для 11его
очерки.
М11огие очерки Алда11ова были 11апечатш1ы впервые в парижской
русскоязыч11ой газете «Последиие 11овости», их перепечатывали за­
тем в переводах газеты различных европейских стран, часть из них, в
основ1юм портретные очерки, писатель собрал в сборники «Современ­
ники» (1928), «Портретьи> (1931) , «Земли, люди» (1932) , «Ю11ость
Павла Строга11ова и другие характеристики» (1934) , «Портреты»,
т. lI (1936) . Первая книга 11ашего собра11ия, вслед за двумя одноиме11-
ными у Алда11ова, 11азвана «Портреты», но в 11ее включены очерки из
раз11ых его сбор11иков о незаурядных людях, 11еобычных судьбах.
Вторая к11ига состоит глав11ым образом из его очерков, не входив­
ших в к11иги. В конце 40-х годов Алданов хотел часть из них
выпустить в издательстве «ИМКА-Пресс» в виде сбор11ика под
11азва11ием «Дав11ее», внес крупную правку в некоторые очерки. Из­
дание не было осуществлено, но авторская правка (по материалам
архива Алда11ова в Российском фонде культуры) использована при
подготовке второй ю1иги.
Алданов был одним из самых образованных людей в русской лите­
ратуре: владел главными европейскими языками, включая латынь,
имел дипломы химика, юриста и социолога и, по свидетельству б4изко
его знавшего музыковеда Л. Сабанеева, отличался <<научностью» не
только мыслей, но даже чувств. Необык1ювенная научная рафи11иро­
ватюсть сквозит в каждой его строке. Он требовал эрудиции и от
своего читателя, включая, например, в текст очерков цитаты на
и11остранных языках без перевода и даже без указания источника.
Обладал феноменальной памятью: помнил детали архитектуры ис­
торических зданий главных европейских столиц, мельчайшие факты
биографии замечательных людей раз11ых стран и эпох, любил цитиро­
вать забытые афоризмы и девизы старинных аристократических
фамилий, газетные отчеты о давних пожарах и ме11ю обедов в
императорских дворцах.
Многие предшественники Алданова считали возможным откло-
11яться от фактов, один из первых мастеров русского исторического

7
рома11а И. И. Лажеч11иков провозглашал: «В историческом рома11е
исти11а всегда долж11а уступить поэзии, если та мешает этой>> .
Алда11ов придерживался противополож11ого взгляда и даже великим
предшественникам не прощал нарушений исторической правды. Писал,
11апример, о несостоятель11ости концепции знаменитой маленькой
трагедии Пушкина: ни Моцарт не был «гулякой праздным», ни Салье­
ри убийцей...
Подчерю1утый и11терес к факту скорее орга11ичен для очеркиста,
чем для мастера художественной прозы. Когда два свидетельства о
событии вступают между собой в противоречие, автор очерка обыч­
но излагает обе версии, романист, за редчайшими исключениями,
вы11ужден принять только од11у - и тотчас же 011 становится
объектом 11ападок ученых. Алданов любил повторять фразу француз­
ского профессора Олара: «Нет ничего более почетного для историка,
чем сказать: я не знаю».
Романы Алданова эмоциональны, богаты тонко найде11ными худо­
жественными деталями. Дважды, в очерке «Сталию> и в романе
«Самоубийство», писатель рисует сцепу тифлисской экспроприации
1907 года - чтобы пополнить партийную кассу, большевистские
боевики напали на кассиров банка, перевозивших круп11ую сумму. В
романе самая впечатляющая деталь этой сцепы придума11а автором,
это изображение подстреленной террористами лошади, ее глаз перед
смертью. В очерке, разумеется, о лошади uи слова, но ава11тюр11ый
сюжет подводит писателя к важuым рассуждеuиям о 11равствен­
ности в политике.
В 1920-е и в первой половиuе 30-х годов Алдатюв работал 11ад
двумя большими эпическими полотнами: тетралогией «Мыслител11»,
из време11 Великой фратщузской революции и Наполеона, и трилогией
«Ключ» - «Бегство» - «Пещера», из эпохи Февральской и Октябрьс­
кой революций. Параллелыю 011 создавал очерки о людях и событиях
тех же лет, бегло упоминаемых или вовсе опущенных в ромаuах.
Очерки, таким образом, можно было рассматривать как дополuи­
тельный фактический материал для читателя, заинтересовавшегося
событиями, обсуждаемыми в романах. В то же время оuи имеют
самостоятельную научную и художестветтую центюсть.
...Романы мадам де Сталь пользовались во Франции на рубеже
XV/ll - Х/Х веков грандиозным успехом. Говорили, что пустуют
театры и церкви, когда выходят ее новые книги. Эта необыюювенuая
женщина была влюблена в Наполеона, но он пренебрежительно отверг
ее чувство и более того - отправил писательuицу в ссылку. Вес11ой
1812 года с юным, вдвое моложе, чем она сама, мужем - гусарским
офицером и с новорожденным младеuцем 46-летняя мадам де Сталь
бежала в Россию. Oua ue говорила по-русски, тю uаписала о России
изумительuые страuицы: ей удалось подметить в русском uароде те
черты, которые позднее показала классическая русская литература.
Об от11оше11ии русского общества к з11аме11итой фра11цуже11ке писал
Пушкин в «Рославлеве».
Поездка мадам де Сталь могла бы под пером другого автора
стать сюжетом ава11тюр11ого или героического рома11а. Алдатюв ue
написал о ней романа, 011 ограничился очерком «Коритта в России».

8
 В статьях раз11ых лет и в рома11е «Живи как хочешь», где глав11ый
герой - писатель, Алдаl/ов раскрыл свое по11има11ие жа11ра рома11а:
рома11 - сиитетическая форма искусства, полифоиический жа11р,
включающий в себя и драму (диалог), и публицистику, и философию, и
поэзию. Писатель предпочитал исторический рома11 с м11ожеством
вымышле1111ых характеров и судеб, в движении которых отражается
История.
Иное дело - очерк, с его локальной темой, небольшим объемом,
задатшй 11едопустимостью вымысла. Алданов отбирал такие проис­
шествия, которые по 11апряже11ности и запутаниости и11триги 11е
уступали уголовному роману. От очерков - шлейфов к ромаиам он
постепетю переходил к самостоятельным небольшим историческим
этюдам. 011 писал о Пикаре и его роли в знаменитом деле Дрейфуса,
об убийстве анархистом французского президента Карно, об австрий­
ском престолонаследиике, совершившем двойиое самоубийство со
своей возлюбленной. 011 исследовал психологическую сторону этих
подлит1ых событий, писал о том, как мотивы благородные и воз­
выше1111ые всегда переплетаются с низменными и корыстными, как 11а
зад11ем плаие исторического спектакля за фигурами респектабель11ых
государствет1ых мужей воз11икают их тени - полицейские агенты,
ава11тюристы, заговорщики, убийцы. Изображая события, происходи­
вшие в дав11ие времена, в далеких страl/ах, он смотрел на 11их глазами
нашего соотечестве11ника, русского эмигранта.
Портрет Алда11ова работы худож11ика Ар11ольда Лаховски, от­
крывающий нашу книгу, относится ко второй половине 1920-х годов и
был репродуцирова11 в к11иге <<Совремеиники», вышедшей на 11емецком
языке. Мягкие черты интеллигента, высокий лоб, прямой про11ица­
тель11ый взгляд, в глазах грусть. «Эмиграция не бегство и, конечно,
не преступле11ие. Эмиграция несчастье». Это пишет Алданов о дюке
Ришелье, эмигрировавшем в конце XVIII века из Франции в Россию. Но
одновременно не о себе ли самом и своих товарищах по 11есчастью,
русских эмигра11тах первой вол11ы, эти груст11ые слова?
Алданов дебютировал в качестве политического публициста в 1918
году в революционном Петрограде. В книге «Армагеддон» предпринял
попытку установить общие закоиомерности всех революций. Утвер­
ждал· революции обыкновенно «наводят на скорбные мысли», не оп­
равдывают возлагавшихся на них надежд и приводят к порядку вещей
худшему, чем был до 11их.
Книга «Армагеддою, сыграла роковую роль в судьбе ее автора. Он
был иро11ичен и бесстрашен, а между тем в стра11е уже уста11авливал­
ся всеобщий страх. Заявлял, что Ленину, как когда-то протопопу
Аввакуму, свойстве11ны 11е11ависть к противнику и презре11ие к чужой
мысли: «черта ге11ия в од11ом случае, черта варвара в ста других,, .
Разумеется, тираж крамольной ю1иги тотчас изъяли, и автору, что­
бы 11е стать, как выражаются в 11аши дни, «жертвой необоснованиых
репрессий,, , пришлось экстре1111ым образом отправиться за гра11ицу.
С тех пор Алданов преимущественно жил во Франции, и одной
из глав11ых его тем стали русско-фра11цузские от11ошения, судьбы лю­
дей, воплотивших историческое притяже11ие русской и фра11цузской
культур.

9
 Немало русских эмигра11тов-писателей возвращалось в 20 - 30-е
годы в СССР. Ехали - од11и, как Купри11, 11а роди11у умирать, другие,
как Алексей Толстой, преда11110 служить большевистским властям.
Для Алда11ова путь домой был закрыт. 011 еще в 20-е годы не питал
11и малейших иллюзий в от11ошеиии Сталина, решительно отвергал
тоталитаризм.
011 писал о Гитлере, когда тот еще не пришел к власти, о
Сталине, еще до начала обернувшейся кошмаром коллективизации.
Умел провидеть человеконе11авист11ическую сущность диктаторов за­
долго до того, как 011а стала очевидной для всех. В одном своем
прогнозе Алданов ошибся, но и ошибка его знаме11ательна. Посмотрев
советскую кинохронику, запечатлевшую парад 11а Красной площади в
1932 году, писатель в очерке 11арисовал выразитель11ый групповой
портрет советских руководителей на трибуне мавзолея. В глаза
бросалось раболепие перед Сталиным впавших в немилость вождей.
011 удивлялся: «Достаточно ясно, что Рыкова, Каменева, Зиновьева,
Бухарина Стали11 не расстреляет, как не расстрелял и· Троцкого». К
сожале11wо, все случилось иначе. Всех четверых вскоре прико11чили, к
Троцкому были подосланы в Мексику убийцы. И все же в широком
смысле, в главпом Алдапов оказался прав. 011 верил в человеческий
разум, в то, что когда-11ибудь «прорвет 160 миллиопов людей» и
порабощенная страна воспрянет, хотя предупреждал заранее: «От
всего этого придется лечиться не годами, а столетиями». Алда11ов
размышлял об опас11ости вируса тоталитаризма, предостерегал про­
тив «не11ависти к парламе11таризму и воли к единоличной власти».
Порою сегодняшние авторы рисуют Стали11а и Гитлера жалкими
ничтожествами. Алданов, думается, был ближе к истине: оба они
люди выдающиеся, только людям очень силь11ой воли удается направ­
лять ход исторических событий. Но тем хуже для человечества,
что такие, как Гитлер и Сталин, - люди выдающиеся! Пророчес­
кими оказались слова очерка о Гитлере: «И 11е сегодня-завтра он, чего
доброго, подожжет мир>> . (Отметим в скобках, что в 1932 году
немецкий издатель Алда11ова отказался печатать этот очерк.)
Крас11ой нитью через художественную ткань очерков на современ­
ную тему проходит тревога писателя за судьбы цивилизации. Он
считал, что зло в мире становится всесильным, «черт на пути ко
всемогуществу», гуманизм терпит тотальное крушение, 11адвигает­
ся век, когда нравственные цен11ости окончательно утратят смысл.
Оставалась одна надежда - на «современных Питтов», полити­
ческих лидеров демократической ориентации, таких, как Клемансо,
Бриан, Ллойд Джордж, Черчилль. Их портреты чужды идеализации,
идеализация какой бы то ни было исторической личпости вообще
претила писателю. 011, прозва11ный русским Анатолем Фра11сом, со­
хра11ял ироническую и11mо11ацию даже когда писал о Ганди. О Ллойд
Джордже, например, 011 счел 11ужным привести такое суждение
совреме1111ика: «Я предполагаю, что мистер Ллойд Джордж умеет
читать. Но, во всяком случае, он этого 11икогда не делает». У
каждого из приверже1111ых парламентаризму политиков, по Алданову,
свои человеческие недостатки, свои промахи, прегреше11ия, свои 11е­
уместные амбиции, но все же они заслуживают уважения: перефра-

10
зиру11 приведенную в очерке «Коринна в России>> цитату, их можно
было бы назвать искусными шахматными игроками, играющими
партию за человеческий род, вз11вшимис11 его защищать. «Я демо­
крат, потому что пока люди не выдумали менее плохой формы
общественного устройства», - говорил писатель.
Читатель, несомненно, обратит внимание, что в изображении
Алданова люди наполеоновской эпохи и ХХ века очень схо:нси, отлича­
ются лишь внешне, а психология, побудительные мотивы поступков
те же. «Каков подлец!» - сказал Бонапарт. узнав о доносе Блана, и
приказал выдать подлецу сто тысяч франков», - читаем в очерке о
генерале Пишегрю. Алданов итожит: «Такова брезглива/1 философия
правителей». Так было, так будет, в мире ничего не меняется,
прогресса не существует. Никогда не будет найдено справедливое
общественное устройство, будут всегда бороться и мечтать о
счастливом завтрашнем дне, а в итоге все останется по-старо­
му, только место лошадей займут реактивные самолеты, а место
стрел - атомные бомбы. Писатель не признавал исторического
детермииизма, был уверен, что миром правит Его Величество Слу­
чай. «По случайности, - писал он в очерке о Жозефине Богарне, -
эта женщина не взошла на эшафот, по случайности взошла иа трон,
по случайности с троиа сошла». О полковиике Лоуреисе: «Байрон в
нем отличио уживался с Майн Ридом. Вероятно, с годами все это
прошло бы и он стал бы мирным профессором Оксфордского универ­
ситета по кафедре средневековой архитектуры. Вышла, од11ако, 11е­
ожида11ность: мировая война».
Случай выбрасывает на поверхность, разумеется, не самых умных
и не самых достойных. И все же у Алдаllова не было большего
интереса, чем к знаменитостям, представителям первого pallгa че­
ловечества. Он порой искал личного знакомства с ними, любил обсуж­
дать их пути к славе, к успеху. За парадным обликом героя стремился
разглядеть простого смертного, проникнуть в его духовный мир.
Человека он всегда представлял на фоне исторического потока: одии
плывет по течению, другой пытается потоку противостоять... В
каждом очерке сообщается множество за/lимательных историчес­
ких сведений. На первый взгляд их подбор может показаться случай­
ным, но, присмотревшись внимательнее, нельзя не заметить строй­
ности замысла, органичности конструкции.
Стремление к максимальной емкости каждой строки заставляло
писателя отказаться от всего, чпю замедляет движение сюжета.
Его упрекали, что он избегает пейзажей. В ответ в мемуарном
очерке «Из воспоминаний секретаря од1юй делегации» язвительный
Алда//ов припомнил, как Марк Твен составил однажды брошюру с
перечнем всевозмож11ых картuн природы: летнего утра и зимнего
вечера, зеленых полей и те11истых рощ, фиолетовых облаков и розо­
вых закатов. А затем желающих отправлял к этой брошюре: летиее
утро - смотри стра//ицу такую-то.
Искусство пользования цитатой доведе110 у Алдаllова до совершен­
ства. В очерке о Пилсудском приведен его ответ польским социали­
стам, которые в 1918 году обратились к иему «товарищ Пилсуд­
ский»: «Господа, я вам не «товарищ». Мы когда-то вместе сели в

11
крас11ый трамвай. Но я из 11его вышел 11а остановке «Независимость
Польши>> , вы же едете до ко11ца к ста11ции «Социализм». Желаю вам
счастливого пути, од11ако 11азывайте ме11я, пожалуйста, па11ом». В
старину такие цитаты 11азывали «сладкими>> : всего 11есколько слов -
и портрет готов, лич11ость раскрылась.
Превосход11ый рассказчик, Алда11ов умел для каждого из жиз11е­
описаний найти оригинальную завязку. Очерк о Клемансо 11ачал с
зарисовки удивителыюй защиты диссертации, когда соискателю было
86 лет, очерк об Адаме Чарторыском - с цитаты из «Вой11ы и
мира», которая пробуждает в читателе и11терес к лич11ости этого
польского аристократа - крупного русского дипломата.
Обычно век очерка недолог, 011и забываются 11ам11ого быстрее, чем
художестве11ная проза. Но к11иги очерков Алда11ова - счастливое
исключе11ие. Написа11ные шесть-семь десятилетий иазад, 011и 11исколь­
ко 11е устарели.
«Биографиям доверять вообще не надо, это самый лживый род
литературы», - уверял писатель. Фактическая стороиа его очерков
отличается высокой достоверностью, а концепция, даже если чита­
тель ее не примет, все рав110 покажется заслуживающей в11има11ия.
«Биографиям доверять вообще 11е 11адо...» Этим биографиям мож1ю
доверять.

А11дрей ЧЕРНЫШЕВ
деРишелье
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16
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o6pa3oBaHHe. BocnHTaTeJieM ero 6hIJI a66aT Jla6,n;aH,
BnocJie,n;cTBHH CTaBIIIHH y11HTeJieM rep:u;ora 3HreHcxo-
ro, - OH CKOH'laJIC.H, nOJIY'IHB H3BeCTHe 0 paccTpeJie 3Toro
cBoero BocnHTaHHHKa. JleT 17-TH OT po,n;y PHmeJibe 6blJI
npe,n;cTaBJieH KO ,IJ;Bopy H BCKOpe noJiy'IHJI BbICOKOe npH-
,IJ;BOpHoe 3BaHHe nepBoro KaMeprepa. Kax HH BeJIHKa 6hlJia
TOr,n;a BJiaCTb HMeHH H nopO,D;bI, no:>ICaJIOBaHHe 3TOro 3Ba-
HH.H 19-JieTHeMy IOHOIIIe Bbl3BaJIO B BepcaJie ponoT.
IIo-BH,IJ;HMOMy, npn,n;BopHa.si: :>ICH3Hb He noHpaBHJiacb
MOJio,n;oMy PHmeJibe (Tor,n;a em;e rpa<l>y ,n;e IJlHHOH). EJIH3-
KHH K HeMy 11eJI0BeK paccxaJbIBaeT, 11To ero pa3,n;pa:>ICaJIH
3JIOYIIOTpe6JieHH.H, OH XOTeJI MHoroe nepe,n;eJiaTb («re-
former les a bus»). EcJIH 6b1 HCKopeH.si:Tb Bee a bus, TO H caM
OH He 6bIJI 6b1 19 JieT caHOBHHKOM. Bepo.si:THO, eMy H 3TO
npHXO,IJ;HJIO B rOJIOBy: B OTJIH'IHe OT CBOHX npe,D;KOB, OH
6blJI COBeCTJIHBbIH, ne'laJibHbIH 11eJI0BeK, JIHIIIeHHl>IH JII06-
BH K 6necxy H 3THKeTy.
j{ He CKa:>ICy' 'ITO 3TO 6blJI «KalOm;HHC.H rep:u;or» Bpo,n;e
pyccxHx «KaJOm;Hxc.si: ,n;Bop.si:H». Ho, xax ,n;pyrHe ycTaJOT OT
Tpy,n;a, PHmenbe ycrnn OT npa3,IJ;HOCTH. AH.n;peif EeJibIH
paccKa3bIBaeT 0 CBOeM 3HaKOMOM, CTapoM aHrJIH'laHHHe:
«EpHTT TpH,D;:QaTb n.HTb JieT BO <l>paxe XO,IJ;HJI no caJIOHaM;
Ha:>ICHB ce6e cnJIHH, 'IT06bI 6e:>ICaTb TaKOH :>ICH3HH, O,IJ;Ha:>IC-
,IJ;bl OH, CTaB Ha KOp.H'IKH npe,n; Jie,IJ;H H nop,n;aMH, Ha
11eTBepeHbKax - B nepe,n;HJOJO, Ha napoxo,n; H - B IIa-
pH:>IC». Ee:>ICaTb Ha 11eTBepenhKax Heo6.si:JaTeJibHO, MO:>ICHO
yexaTb H npocTo. 11MeHHO Tax PHmenbe H nocTynHJI -
BepO.HTHO, no TeM :>ICe no6y:>IC,n;eHH.HM, 'ITO H «6pHTT». y
BttyKa Mapmana PHmenbe, HecoMHeHHo, 6hlJIO cBoifcTBo,
KOTopoe EeJibIH Ha3bIBaJI «HeBbI,D;HpHbIMH 11am;o6aMH ca-
MOTep3a».
IIonyJI.si:pHOCTblO npH ,n;Bope Mono.n;oif PHmenbe He
noJib30Banc.si:. OH He JI106HJI cBeTa, IIapH:>IC H Bepcanb eMy
He HpaBHJIHCb. IlblTaJIC.H OH c6JIH3HTbC.H c HenpH,D;BOp-
HbIMH, nepe,D;OBbIMH JIIO,IJ;bMH, HO H3 3Toro HH'lero He
BbIIIIJIO. B HX o6m;ecTBe OH 6hlJI 11y:>ICHM, - 011eHb Bpe,n;HJia
eMy JaCTeH'IHBOCTb. PHmenbe MHoro nyTemecTBOBan,
MHOro 'IHTaJI, H3Y1J:HJI HeCKOJibKO HHOCTpaHHbIX .H3bIKOB
(BnOCJie,IJ;CTBHH OH COBepmeHHO CB060,IJ;HO roBOpHJI H no-
pyccKH). qHCJIHJIC.H OH Ha BOeHHOH cJiy:>IC6e, CJIY:>ICHJI CHa-
11ana B ,n;paryHcKOM, noTOM B rycapcKOM nonxy. Pa3y-
17
MeeTc.si:, BOeHHa.si: Kapbepa ero nma BeCbMa ycrremHo: He
CJie,ZJ;yeT .ZJ;yMaTb, 'ITO 25-JieTHHe reHepaJibl IIO.slBHJIHCb TO-
JibKO B rropy peBOJIJOU:HH. B TaxoM )Ke BOJpaCTe H rrpH
CTapoM CTpoe Mor CTaTb reHepaJIOM qeJIOBeK c HMeHeM H
co CB.si:JJIMH rep:u;ora PmneJibe. Ho ryT cxpbIBaJiacb Tpare-
.ZJ;H.si:, KOTOpa.si: B HbIHemHeM MHpe 60JibIDOro CO'IYBCTBHJI
He BhIJOBeT: HHKaxo:H BOHHhI B TY rropy He 6Lmo.

II.
Y Hae peBoJI10n:mo BbIJBaJia BOHHa. Bo Cl>paHi:um BOH-
HY BhIJBaJia peBOJIIOIJ:H.si:. BoiiHaM 1792-1815 ro.ZJ;OB rrpe.ZJ;-
mecTBOBaJI cpaBHHTeJibHO ,ZJ;OJITHH rrepHO.Il MHpa. flo-BH-
,ZJ;HMOMY, 3TO He06bI<Ja:HHo TMOTHJIO MOJIO,ZJ;e)Kb Toro Bpe-
MeHH. B HaIDH .ZJ;HH cTapb1e reHepanbI, cnyqaeTc.si:, roBop.SIT
o BoiiHe c ~acoM H OTBpa:meHHeM. Tor.ZJ;a HacTpoeHH.SI
6bIJIH COBepmeHHO HHbie. 11eM 3TO o6'h.SICH.SieTC.SI? Hbmem-
HHe BOHHbl KpOBOIIpOJIHTHee npe)KHHX TOJibKO B a6COJilOT-
HbIX D:Hcppax; rrpon;eHTHOe xe COOTHOIIIeHHe IIOTepb K
o6meH: 'IHCJieHHOCTH apMHH, Harrponm, TOr,ZJ;a 6hIJIO MHO-
ro Bb1me, 'IeM B HacTo.si:mee BpeM.si:. flo.ZJ; MJMaHJIOM,
HarrpHMep, rrom6Jia B O.ZJ;HH ,ZJ;eHb TPeTb pyccxoH: apMHH H
IIO'ITH BC.SI apMH.sl Type:a;Ka.si:. 3a Bee qeTb1pe ro,ZJ;a IIOCJie,ZJ;-
HeH BOHHbI BOIOIO:mHe .ZJ;ep)KaBbI IIOTep.SIJIH e.ZJ;Ba JIH 6oJiee
15-20 rrpon;eHTOB CBOHX BOopy)KeHHbIX CHJI. KaK 6bI TO
HH 6bIJIO, MO)KHO 6bIJIO 6bl IIOKaJaTb ,ZJ;eC.si:TKaMH CBH,ZJ;e-
TeJibCTB, 'ITO MOJIO,ZJ;e)Kb 18-ro CTOJieTH.sl TOJibKO 0 TOM H
.ZJ;YMaJia: r.ZJ;e 6bI rroBoeBaTb? TaK Kax Bex 6bIJI rrpocBe:meH-
HhIH, TO oco6eHHO XOTeJIOCb BOeBaTb Ja npocBeTHTeJibHbie
H,ZJ;eH. 0.ZJ;HHM JIH CB060.ZJ;OJil06HeM JlacpaiieTa H PomaM60
o6'h.si:CH.SieTC.sl HX ytJaCTHe B 6opb6e Ja HeJaBHCHMOCTb
Coe,ZJ;HHeHHbIX ffiTaTOB? Mx rroxonemno rroBeJJIO. flo-
J.ZJ;Hee AMepHxa HeJaBHCHMOCTb IIOJIY'IHJia, - 'ITO iKe
6hIJIO ,ZJ;eJiaTb IIOKOJieHHIO CJie.ZJ;ylOmeMY?
B 3TY rropy B 6oJILmoii MO.Ile oxaJanach Poccn.si:. T.si:ra
Ha pyccKyw CJiy:>K6y B ro,ZJ;bl BTOpoii Type:a;KOH BOHHbl
6LIJia O'IeHb BeJIHKa. 0T'IaCTH o6'b.SICH.SIJiaCb OHa rrpecTH-
)KeM H cnaBoii HMrrepaTpHU:bI EKaTepHHbI II. Ho n,n;eHHYIO
CTOpOHY 3TOro YBJie'IeHH.si: npeyBeJIH'IHBaTb He Ha,ZJ;O. rpacp
,n;e ,ll;aMa B OTBeT Ha Borrpoc, IIO'leMY' co6CTBeHHO, OH
rrpe,lJ;JIO)KHJI CBOlO llIIIary pyccxoMy, a He TypeitKOMY npa-
BHTeJibCTBy, OTBeTHJI: «IIOTOMy, 'ITO eCJIH .si: rrpOBHHlOCb B
PoccHH, TO MHe oTpy6.SIT roJioBy; a ecJIH .SI rrpoBHHIOCb B

18
 TypuHH, TO Mem1 rroca.n:.srT Ha KOJI». ,lJ;aMa .n:elicTBHTeJibHO
CTaJI oqmuepoM pyccKOH apMHH. ,ZJ;o6HBaJIHCh Toro 3HaT-
Heifume <f>paHn:y3CKHe apncToKpaThI: TpeMyiiJIH, Tan1:.Mo-
Hhl, liyJibe, JlamKepoHhl H .z:i;p. lihIJI B 'IHCJie KaH,ZJ;H,ZJ;aTOB H
MOJio.n:oli PHIIleJI1:.e.
0KoH11aTeJI1:.Ho pellIHJIOCh .n:eJio B ABCTpuu. He Ha.n;o
.n:yMaTI:., 'ITO PuI1IeJI1:.e 6e)l(aJI H3 Ilapu)!(a B nyCT1:.1mo. OH
6e)!(aJI B BeHy: 011eH1:. mo6nJI 3TOT ropo.n:. TaM y Hero
6I:.IJIH 60JihIIIHe CB.Sl3H; ITO 6a6Ke CBOeH, npHHUecce .z:i;e ru3,
OH IIp.BXO,ZJ;HJIC.SI pO.D;CTBeHHHKOM CaM.BM ra6c6ypraM. 10
ceHrn6p.sr 1790 ro.n:a PmneJII:.e o6e,n:aJI y 3HaMeH.eToro
KH.Sl3.SI .n:e JlHHJI, c ChIHOM KOTOporo ero CB.Sl3b1BaJia TeCHa.SI
.z:i;py)l(6a. KaK pa3 BO BpeM.s o6e.n:a K KH.Sl3JO np.B6blJI c
nuc1:.MOM OT IloTeMKnHa Kyp1:.ep, o<f>uuep pycCKoii cJiy)l(-
6I:.I. OH pa3rOBOpHJic.sr c MOJIO,n:I:.IMH mo,n:I:.M.B H coo6IUHJI
HM Ba)l(HYJO HOBOCTh (B TY nopy BoeHHble TaHHhl co-
6mo,n:aJIHCh IlJIOXO): pyccKa.R apMH.SI roTOBHTC.SI K lllTYPMY
M3ManJia. KpenoCTb 3Ta no'ITH HenpuCTynaa, u 3amHI1Ia-
eT ee cepacKHp·, 11eJI0BeK otJeHI:. xpa6pblii, - .n:eno 6y,n:eT
cepbe3Hoe.
- Mhl TOJII:.KO nepermrnyJIHCb, - pacCKa3LIBaeT caM
PHI1IeJI1:.e, - u TYT *e npHH.SIJIH pellleHHe. 0Ho, pa3yMeeT-
c.si:, 3aKJIIO'laJIOCh B TOM, ':IT06bl npHB.SITb BO 'ITO 6bl TO HH
CTaJIO ytJaCTHe B WTypMe M3MaHJia.
Ilpe)l()le Bcero, Hy:xcHo 6bIJIO noJiy'IHTI:. pa3peweHHe
IloTeMKHHa. Ero rJiaBHa.sr KBapn1pa Haxo.n:miacb B lieH-
.n:epax. Ty.n:a u noHecJinci. PmneJILe u .n:e JlHHb - HMeHHO
noHeCJIHCb: .n:opory H3 BeHhl B JieH,n:epbl OHH npo,n:eJiaJIH B
,n:eB.si:Tb ,n:Heif - CKOpOCTb no TeM BpeMeHaM orpoMHa.SI. B
lieH,n:epax HX BCTpeTHJI MOJIO.ll:OH <f>paHUY3 H3 Toro )l(e
Kpyra, ynoM.SIHYTblH Bblllle rpa<f> ~aMa. OH ~e COCTO.SIJI
Ha pyccKOH CJiy)!(6e, 6bIJI JIH''IHO H3BeCTeH IloTeMKHHY H Ha
CBOJO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb IlOBe.Jl CBO:UX TOBapHIUe:H TIP.SIMO I\
KWl3ID.
PHweJibe OCTaBHJI OTIHCaHHe 3TOro CBoero BH3.BTa -
CO::lKaJieIO, 'ITO He Mory npHBecTH ero ueJIHKOM. IloTeMKHH
)l(HJI He BO ,n:Bopue - KaKHe Y* ,n:Bopubl B l>eH,n:epax, - HO
B 6oJibWOM ,n:oMe, eme He,n:aBHO npnHa,Wie)l(aBweM Typeu-
KOMY naIIIe. B nepBbIX rocTHHhIX 6bIJIO MHoro o<f>HllepoB,
He HMeBIIIHX ,AOCTYna K rnaBHOKOMaH.n:yiomeMy. B no-
cne.n:HHH 3aJ1 npoHHKHYTb 6:wno TPY.II.Hee. 3To 6blJia or-
pOMHaH KOMHaTa, OCBeIUeHHa.SI 6eC'IHCJieHHhIMH CBe'la-

• CepacKHp - fJlaBHOKOMlllUl)'IOIIUIH, 003.llHee BOCHHMii MHWICTP Typewcoli

apMHH. - llfJUM. peo.
19
MH. B Heii: CTOSIJIO OKOJIO IISITH,neCSITH o<}>m~epoB B IIOJIHOH
rrapa,nHoii: <}>opMe. Tio.n 6an.naxHHOM Haxo,nHJICSI orpoM-
Hblii: ,nHBaH. Ha HeM 6hIJIO mecTh ,naM - xpacaBHQbI xax
Ha rro.n6op. TyT :>Ke CH,neJI «B IIIHpOKOH my6e, HaIIOMHHa-
BIIIeii: xanan>, orpoMHoro pocTa BeJIH"ieCTBeHHbIH tfeJio-
BeK, KHSl3b TioTeMKHH-TaBpHtfeCKHH.

III.
11MSI TioTeMKHHa 6bIJIO B TY rropy oxpy:>1<eHo nereH,noii
HJIH, TOtJHee, JiereH,naMH. 0 Bcex 3HaMeHHTbIX mo.nsix rrpH
HX :>KH3HH BbICKa3bIBaJIHCb cy:>1<,neHHSI pa3Hble H ,na:>Ke rrpsi:-
MO rrpOTHBOIIOJIO:>KHbie. Tio3,nHee - H TO .naneKO He Bce-
r.na - ycTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI apH<}>MeTHtJeCKOe cpe,nHee HCTO-
pHH. Jlerxo ce6e rrpe,ncTaBHTh, xaxoe tJHCJIO BparoB .non:>K-
HO 6hIJIO 6hITb y BCeMorymero BpeMeHmHKa. B 1794 ro.ny
B repMaHHH IIOSIBHJICSI poMaH, B KOTOpOM OH 6hIJI BbIBe-
,neH rro.n HMeHeM «KHSl3SI TbMbI»: poMaH TaK H Ha3bIBaJICSI
«Der Furst der Finsternis und seine Geliebte» •. OroBapH-
BaIOch, SI He tJHTaJI :noro rraM<}>JieTa; HO JIHTepaTypHbIH
po.n ero .nocTaTOtJHO SICeH (JlecKOB 0 TaKHX rrpOH3Be,neHH-
SIX roBOpHJI: «TipoKJISITHe TOMY ryc10, KOTOpbIH ,naJI rrepo,
KOTOpbIM HaIIHCaHa CHSI KHHra»). TIO-BH,nHMOMy, HaIIHCaJI
3TOT me,neBp aKTep Anh6pexT B yro,ny TinaToHy 3y6oBy.
J11060IIbITHO TO, tJTO BbIIIIeJI 3TOT poMaH (B 1809 ro.ny) H
B POCCHH! TiotfTH qepe3 ,nBa,nQaTb JieT IIOCJie KOH'IHHbl
TioTeMKHHa eme 6hIJIH JIIO,nH, :>1<eJiaBI1rne c,neJiaTh eMy
He60JiblIIYIO IIOCMepTHYJO HerrpHSITHOCTb. c
,npyroii CTO-
pOHbl, 6hIJIH y Hero rrpH :>KH3HH H ropSI'IHe IIOKJIOHHHKH.
KHSI3b .ne JlHHb Ha3hIBaJI ero reHHaJihHbIM tJeJIOBeKoM.
Bb1coxoro MHeHHSI 6hm o ero rocy,napcTBeHHhIX crroco6-
Hocrnx H CyBopoB.
E,nBa JIH MO:>KHO COMHeBaTbCSI B TOM, tJTO IloTeMKHH
6b1JI tJeJioBeK O'leHh Bh1,na10mHiicsi:. obIJI JIH OH 6oJihlIIHM
IIOJIHTH'leCKHM .nesi:TeJieM? 0TBeT oco6eHHO 3aTpy,nHSieTCSI
TeM, tJTO He 3HaeIIIb, K KaKOMY HMeHHO 0Tpe3KY BpeMeHH
OTHeCTH ,neJia IloTeMKHHa H ,neJia BCex Boo6me pyCCKHX
(.na H He TOJibKO pyccKHX) rocy,napcTBeHHbIX JIIO,neii rro-
CJie,nHHX ,nByx cToJieTHH. PoccHSI rroTepSIJia IloJihlIIY, <l>HH-
JISIH,nHIO, JlaTBHIO, 3CTOHHIO, JlHTBy, - KaK Terrepb pac-

' «KHll3& T&M&I e ero so3mo6neeeall» (HeM.). 3oecb u oaAee nepeBoobl meK-
cmOB 11a UHocmpaHllblX !13bl/Cax oaHbl peoaKIJUeU, ecAu 3mo He ozOBopeHo oco6o.

20
 u;eHHBaTb noTOKH xpoBH, nponHTOH Ja 3TH 3eMnH? Kmo-
qeBCKHH, BeCbMa HpOHHqecKH OTHOCHBIIIHHCSI K noJIHTH-
qecKHM .n:enaM Toro BpeMeHH H .n:a)Ke K .n:enaM BOeHHbIM (B
qecMeHCKOH raBaHH «Typeu;KHH <PnoT OKa3aJICSI eI.Ue xy)Ke
pyccxoro»), no-BH.Il:HMOMy, cqHTaJI He oqeHb HY)KHbIM H
rnaBHoe H3 Bcex .n:en KHSI3SI TaBpHqecxoro: «KpbIM He
CTOHJI H 0.Il:HOH BOHHbl, a H3-3a Hero .Il:OJI)KHbl 6hIJIH BeCTH
.n;Be» (TOM V, CTp. 31).
3TOT CBOeo6pa3HbIH MaKCHMaJIH3M, CTOJib y .Il:HBJISll0-
1.UHH B Tpy.n:ax 3HaMeHHTOro HCTOpHKa, MO)KeT, KOHeqHo,
yHHqTO)KHTb Bee .n:ena IloTeMKHHa. Ho c HHMH OH yHHq-
TO)KHT H oqeHh MHoroe .n:pyroe. Ilo.n:o6Ho rpoMa.n;HoMy
60JibIIIHHCTBY noJIHTHKOB 18 BeKa, IloTeMKHH TBep.n:o Be-
pHJI B Heo6xo;:i:HMOCTb paCIIIHpeHHSI reorpa<l>HqecKHX
npe;:i:eJIOB CBOeH CTpaHhI: qeM OHa 60JibIIIe, TeM nyqIIIe.
EcJIH OH OIIIH6aJICSI, TO OIIIH6aJICSI co BCeH CBOeH 3nOXOH.
Be3 TaKoH Bepb1 He 6h1no 6h1 PoccHHCKOH HMnepHH, KaK He
6b1JI0 6hl HMnepHH BpHTaHcxoif. qTo H roBopHTb, IIIBeH-
uapcxasi HJIH rOJIJiaH)l;CKaSI HCTOpHSI HeH3MepHMO cqacT-
JIHBee pyccxoli H .n:a)Ke aHrnHHCKOH. Ho, OT KpoMBeJISI H
IlHTTa .n:o Jlnoif.n: .zi:)Kop.n:)Ka H Bon;:i:yHHa, xaxoif rocy;:i:ap-
CTBeHHhIH .n:esiTeJib AHrJIHH npe.n:noqeJI 6h1 MSI cBoeli
cTpaHbI 6ecxpoBHyJO IIIBeliuapcKyJO HCTopHIO. E.n:Ba JIH H
60JibIIIeBHKH, rnaBHbie o6JIHqHTeJIH «6yp)Kya3HbIX HMne-
pHaJIHCTOB», OT)l;aJOT ce6e oTqeT B TOM, qTo OHH )KHBYT
HCKJIJOqHTeJibHO 3a HCTOpHqecKHH cqeT IloTeMKHHbIX: ec-
JIH 6bI COBeTCKaSI peBOJIIOIJ;HSI npOM30IIIJia B MaJieHbKOM
rocy;:i:apcTBe, TO oHa HH MSI xoro B MHpe He npe;:i:cTaB-
JISIJia 6b1 HHKaxoro HHTepeca H 6bma 6b1 qepe3 TPH Mecsiua
npexpaI.UeHa H3BHe npoCTbIMH MepaMH X03SIHCTBeHHOro
BoJ.n:elicTBHSI. Ho H IloTeMKHHbl He MorJIH .n:yMaTb, qTo, B
nepcneKTHBe 6oJibIIIOro 0Tpe3Ka BpeMeHH, OHH pa6oTaJOT
Ha nOJIHT610pO.
,D;o Hae Jl:OIIIJIO HeCMeTHOe MHO)KeCTBO aHeK)l;OTOB 0
IloTeMKHHe. EcJIH 6hl BepHTb 3THM auex;:i:oTaM, ua.n:o
6bIJIO 6bI c;:i:eJiaTb BblBOJl:, qTo OH no u;eJibIM .Il:HSIM qHCTHJI
I.UeToqxoH CBOH 6pHJIJIHaHTbl, 3anHBaJI TO KBaCOM pe;:i:bKY
H KanycTy, TO IIIaMnaHCKHM «nepHropCKHe nHporH»,
ycTpaHBaJI ueyMHbie BbIXO;:i:KH, roBopHJI uecMeIIIHbie IIIYT-
KH, a no uoqaM «npe;:i:aBaJICSI oprHSIM». Me)K.n:y TeM noqTH
Bee, qTo 6bmo B PoccHH c.n:enauo HJIH 3a;:i:yMaHo JaMeqa-
TeJibHoro BO BTOpOH nOJIOBHHe 18 BCKa, OT 60JibIIIHX
rocy.n:apCTBCHHbIX IIJiaHOB .n:o pyccxoro OBUCBO.Il:CTBa H
HOBOpOCCHHCKOH npOMbIIIIJICHHOCTH, TaK HJIH HHaqe CBSl-
3aHO c HMCHCM IloTCMKHHa. IlpaB.n:a, B o6JiaCTH BOCHHOH

21
 rJirumoe coBepnnm ero IIO.l('IHHeHHI>IH CyBopoB, - TYT
3acJiyra KIDl3$1 npeHM)'IIJ:eCTBeHHO B TOM, 'ITO OH Ha
3Toro 110.Il'IHHeHHoro Bcen;eJio noJiaraJIC$1. Ho B rpa'.llC-
.uaHcKoii .l{ejfTeJibHOCTH IloTeMKHHa y Hero, co6CTBeHHO,
HH o.uHoro Bhl,lla10merocjf COTPY.IlHHKa He 6bmo. KTo
'.llCe Bee c.ueJiaJI? He caMH '.llCe co6on ocHoBaJiecb Ce-
BaCTOllOJih H ExaTepHHOCJiaB, He caM co6oii C03,llRJIC$1
HoBopoCCHHCKHH KpaH. «KpbIM He CTOHJI H O,llHOH BOH-
Hbl» - 3TO BCe-TaKH JIHIIIL O,llHa H3 IllYTOK, COCTaB-
JISIBillHX Hec11acTHYIO CJia6oCTb KJIIO'IeBCKoro, H npHTOM
He JiyqUia$1. ,[(o6aBJIIO, 'ITO MeTO.Ilbl, KOTOpbIMH IIOJib30-
BaJIC.ll IloTeMKHH, 110 HhIBeillIDIM BpeMeHaM MO~ Bbl-
3BaTh MLICJIH MeJiaHXOJIH'leCKHe. qepe3 llOJITOpa CTOJieTH$1
IlOCJie Hero Ha Tex '.llCe MecTaX, B ropo.uax, HM C03,llRHHbIX,
H,lleT rpa'.llC,llaHcKajf eoH:Ha: 110.l(Xo.ri;s1T K ropo.uy 6oJihllle-
BHKH HJIH neTJIIOpOBil;bl, - Ha'IHHaeTCjf naHH'IeCKOe 6e-
rcTBO HaceJiemrn, o6hI'IHO CJie.uyeT pe3H$1. Ilepeoe pac-
nop$1'.llCeHHe IloTeMKHHa npH 3RXBaTe TaTapcKHX o6JiaCTeii:
06ecne11HTh aaceJieHHIO nonHy10 ceo6o.uy eephI, Me'leTeii:
He TporaTh, ,llaTb TaTapCKOMY .IlBOp$1HCTBY npaea ,llBO-
p$1HCTBa pyccKoro. A KTO xo11eT yii:TH B Typen;KHe 3eMnH,
TeM He npemITCTBOBaTb, Bbl,llRTb nponyCKHble CBH,lleTeJib-
CTBa H CHa6.l(HTb ,lleHbraMH Ha .uopory.
flo C03,llaHHH eKaTepHHOCJIRBCKOrO HaMeCTHH'lecTila
OH npHHHMaeT pemeHee: OCHOBRTh YHHBepc11TeT H KOHCep-
BaTopmo. IlpaB,lla, HH YHHBepcHTeT, HH KOHCepBaTOpH$1 He
OCHOBbIBalOTC$1, HO MhICJib Bee )Ke 3aCJIY)l(HBaeT BHHMa-
HH.sl: MHOfO JIH, HanpHMep, YHHBepCHTeTOB H KOHCepBaTO-
pHii: ocHoeaJIH no ceii: .ueHb e HH.UHH aHfJIH'laHe? He
no,llJie)ICHT COMHeHHIO, 'ITO IloTeMKHH no pa3HbIM npH'IH-
HaM, Bcero 6oJibllle no CBoeii xaH,llpe, He ocymecTBHJI H
.ueC$1TOH ,llO.JiH Toro, 'ITO XOTeJI ocymecTBHTb. 0TCIO,lla H
«IIOTeMKHHCKHe .uepeBHH» - TO, 'ITO BMecTe c «3aeema-
HHeM IleTpa BeJIHKaro» MO'.llCeT C'IHTaTbC.SI KOHbKOM cpe.u-
HHX eeponeiicKHX 3HaTOKOB HOBOH pyccKOH HCTOpHH. Bo3-
MO'.llCHO, 'ITO HeKOTOpaR ,llOJISI npaB,llbl B 3THX «noTeMKHHC-
KHX .uepeBHSIX» u 6Lma. Ho .uome,lllliHe .uo Hae pacnop.SI'.llCe-
HHR KH.sl3R 110 IlO,llroTOBKe nyTeUieCTBH.sl HMnepaTpHil;bl
ocHOBhl MR TaKoii JiereH.IlhI He .ua10T. OH npe.nnHChlBaeT
CeHeJihHHKOBy: «qT06b1 ropo.u 6hlJI e ny11meii 11ecT0Te» ...
«lie3o6pa3Rlll;He CTpoeHH.SI pa3JIOMaTb HJIH CKpbITb» ...
«Ceepx ucnpaBHOCTH B .z:(enax, .UOJI'.llCHhl ece 6hlTb B coBep-
111eHHOM onp.SITCTBe» u T . .u. TaK, HaBepHoe, c COTBopeHH$1
MHpa nocTynaJIH e no.uo6HhIX cJiy11aS1x ee3.z:(e u ecer.ua.
HeceoncTeeHHhIH epeMeHH nH6epaJIH3M npoRBJIReT OH

u
 H B OTHOIIIeHHH COJl)laT. 3a BCIO HCTOpmo PoccHH, BllJIOTb
.no :u;apcTBOBaHH.si: ArreKcaH.IJ;pa II, HHKTO He 3a60THJICS1 o
COJl)laTax Tax, 1Ca1C TioTeMKHH. B 18 Bexe OH 6bIJI B 3TOM
OTHOilleHHH COBepmeHHbIM HCICJIIO'leHHeM: MHOrHe H3 ero
CTOJIKHOBeHHH c reHepanaMH npOHCXO,IJ;SIT Ha 3TOH llO'IBe.
11HcTo BOeHHbie 11pe,z:i;11HcaHHS1 CyBopoBy OH oT,z:i;aeT pe.IJ;Ko
H HeOXOTHO. TioTeMICHH 6bIJI rJiaBHOKOMaH.IJ;yJOIIlHM, reHe-
paJI-aHme<J.>oM, 11pe3H.IJ;eHTOM BoeHHoH KOJIJierm:r, reTMa-
HOM 1Ca3a:u;KHX, elCaTepHHOCJiaBCKHX H qepHOMOpCKHX
BOHCIC H T. ,IJ;. (llOJIHbIH CllHCOK Bcex ero 'IHHOB H ,IJ;OJDK-
HOCTeH 3aHSIJI 6bI OICOJIO copolCa CTpOK), HO CBOHX BOeH-
HblX CllOC06HOCTeH OH, Ka)KeTCSI, He 11peyBeJIH'IHBaJI. 0,z:i;-
HalCO H3-3a He,IJ;OCTaTO'IHO 6epe)KJIHBOTO OTHOmemrn IC
'leJIOBe'leCKOH )KH3HH, K «rryIIIe'IHOMY MSICy», OH HHor,z:i;a
ycTpaHBaJI 6ypHbie cn;eHbI H CysopoBy: 11epBoe ,z:i;eJio -
«o6epe)KeHHe mo,z:i;eii». «IlpHICa)KH, MOH ,z:i;pyr cep,z:i;eIIIHbIH,
ICOMaH.IJ;HpaM, - IIHilleT OH, - 'IT06bl mo,z:i;eii IIOHJIH KBa-
COM, a He BO,IJ;OIO H 'IT06bl KOpMHJIH HX TpaBHblMH illTSl-
MH». B ,z:i;pyroM IIHCbMe OH COBeTyeT, 11paB,IJ;a B npe,ll-
llOJIO)KHTeJibHOH <J.>opMe, 11pH pac11pe,z:i;eneHHH Harpa,z:i; 011-
pocHTb llOJIKH, «Koro COJI,llaTbl y,z:i;ocTOSIT Me)K,IJ;y ce6.si: IC
llOJIY11eHHIO Me,llaJieH». Ee3ycJioBHO 3a11peII.J;aeT oH )KecTo-
KHe HaKa3aHH.si:, npHMeH.si:BmHec.si: H <l>pH,z:i;pHXOM, H HeJib-
coHoM, H PyMsm:a;eBhIM, H coBepmeHHO paBHo,z:i;ymHo oT-
HOCHTCSI IC pOllOTY H HaCMelIIKaM CBOHX reHepanoB.
KH. 1..J;H:a;HaHOB llHIIIeT Ha Hero 11aM<J.>JieT, B KOTOpOM Ha,IJ;
TioTeMICHHbIM H3.IJ;eBaeTc.si: coJI,z:i;aT Cepreii ,[(By)KHJibHbm:
11ory6HJI, MOJI, apMHIO, Be,IJ;b «Ham 6paT 11aJIKy JII06HT».
Bee OCTaJibHOe B 3TOM 11aM<J.>JieTe 6bIJIO CTOJib )Ke BepHO H
CTOJib )Ke OCTpOYMHO.
He 6y,z:i;eM npeyBeJIH'IHBaTb: H3o6pa)KaTb IloTeMICHHa
npocBeui;eHHbIM TYMaHHcToM He cJie.nyeT H He3a'leM. Ho
BO MHOTHX omomeHHSIX, Ha <J.>oHe BpeMeHH JKeCTOICOro, OH
Bbl,IJ;eJISleTCSI SlplCO H He06bI'laHHO. Bo BCSllCOM cnyqae, npH-
Ha,IJ;JieJKaJI OH IC O'leHb 6oJibillOH rocy,z:i;apcTBeHHOH Tpa.IJ;H-
U:HH, KOTopa.si: Ha'laJiacb c Op,z:i;bma-HaII.J;OICHHa H KOH'IH-
nach c rpa<J.>oM BHTTe.
11eJIOBe'leCKHH JKe o6pa3 TioTeMICHHa HaM HellOHSITeH;
XY.llO)KeCTBeHHbIH llOpTpeT ero 6bIJI 6bI 110,IJ; CHJIY O.l{HOMY
ToJicToMy. KaJKeTc.si:, ToJicToii o Ta1CoM 11opTpeTe H 110,z:i;y-
MbIBaJI: B «<l>e,z:i;ope Ky3bMH'le», 6e3 BCSIICOH 11pH11HHbI, 6e3
BCSllCOro omomeHHSI K CIO)KeTy, Ha'laT (H He ,IJ;OKOH'leH)
pacc1Ca3 o CTOJIKHOBeHHH MeJK,z:i;y TioTeMKHHbIM H Ane1C-
ceeM OpJIOBbIM. .D:yMaJO, B11po11eM, 'ITO aBTop «<l>e,z:i;opa
Ky3bMH'la» OT 3TOro llOpTpeTa B ICOHn;e ICOHU:OB OTKa3aJICSI

23
 6bl: nyTb, no KOTOpOMY IloTeMKHH npmneJI K BJiaCTH,
Bbl3bIBaJI y ToJICTOfO Taxoe OTBpameHHe, ':ITO HHKaKHX
CMBr1:1a10mHx o6cTOBTeJibCTB, HHKaKHX nonpaBOK Ha Hpa-
Bbl 3nOXH OH npHHBTb HHKaK He MOr 6bI.
01:1eHb BeJIHKa TYT B.no6aBoK .ZJ;BOiiHaB onacHOCTb aHeK-
.noTa H OJieorpaqmH. Ha OCHOBe aHeK,llOTOB MO)J(HO HanH-
caTb 0 IloTeMKHHe xaxy10 yro.ZJ;HO OJieorpa$H10, OT «KHB-
3B TbMbI» .no MHKYJibI CeJIBHHHOBH':la . .lJ:nB HHOCTpaHHbIX
aBTOpOB, 3Ha10mHx H JI106BmHx TaHHbl CJiaBBHCKOH .ZJ;ylliH,
OH 6bIJI, pa3yMeeTcB, HacToBmHM KJia,lloM. B HexoTopbIX
CBOHX .neiiCTBHBX IloTeMKHH HHOr,lla npe.ncTaBJI.SleTCB )J(H-
BOH napo.ZJ;Heii Ha boyard russe· B H3o6pa)J(eHHH $paH-
UY3CKoro poMaHHCTa. «lioBpHHOM», xax H3BeCTHO, OH He
6bIJI, - pO,llOBaB 3HaTb ero HeHaBH,lleJia, .na H OH O':leHb ee
He JI106HJI. IloTeMKHH H Boo6me JIIO.ZJ;eii Jll06HJI He CJIHlli-
KOM, - BH,lleJI Ha CBOeM Bexy HeMaJIO. TH6epHii, BbIXO,llB
HJ ceHaTa, roBopHJI: «0, JIIO.ZJ;H pa6onenHL1e!..» Mor cxa-
JaTb 3TO H KHB3b TaBpH1:1ecxHii. libIJI OH, Bnpo1:1eM, 1:1pe-
3Bb11:1aiiHo nepeMeH':IHB. B O,llHOM H3 CBOHX nHCeM IloTeM-
KHH fOBOpHT 0 npHcymeM eMy «eKCTa3HCe». 11 B caMOM
.nene, 3KCTa3 - O,llHO H3 xapaKTepHeiimHX ero CBOHCTB.
3To 6bIJI 3CTeT' 6e3 3a.nep)J(HBa10mHx ueHTpOB, He 3HaBmHH
rpaHH Me)J(,lly B03MO)J(HbIM H HeB03M0)J(HbIM, noTepBBlliHH
':IYBCTBO pa3Mepa H B nOJIHTHKe, H B ':laCTHOH )J(H3HH.
y ,llHBHTeJibHbl ero nHCbMa K )J(eHmHHaM - TaK H3
coBpeMeHHHKOB IloTeMKHHa nHcan TOJibKO MHpa6o. 3a
,llBa ro.na .no CMepTH OH 6e3yMHO BJI106nBeTCB B IIpacxoBblO
AH,llpeeBHY IloTeMKHHY (pO)J(,lleHHYJO 3axpeBcxy10) H .nonro
yBepBeT ce6B B TOM, ':ITO HCnbITbIBaeT K Heil OTe1:1ecxoe
':IYBCTBO (oHa B,llBOe ero MOJIO)J(e). «CHJia TBOHX 6ecno.no6-
HbIX ,ll06poT .nenaeT MeHB noeTOM» •• ' - nHmeT OH. IloTeM-
KHH o6emaeT BbICTpOHTb eii ,llBOpeu - «,llOM B opHeHTaJib-
HOM BKyce, co BCeMH pocxomaMH 1:1y.necHbIMH», no,llpo6HO
onHCbIBaeT 3TH «pOCKOlliH», CBH,lleTeJibCTBYJOmHe 0 He06b1-
1:1aii:HOM 6oraTCTBe $aHTa3HH: «B xpyr no ,llpyrHM MeCTaM
pa3Hble 6y.llyT )J(HBOnHcH: KynH,llOH 6e3 cTpen H B 1:1exoTKe,
BeHyc BCB B MopmHHax, A.llOHHC B BO,llBHoii 6one3HH ... A
Ha rJiaBHOM MeCTe JIYT':IHM )J(HBOnHCUeM HanHmeTCB MOB
HecpaBHeHHaB .llyma, MHJiaB IlpacxoBhB AH.llpeBHa, c )J(HB-
HOCTblO KpacoK CKOJib 6y,lleT B03MO)J(HO: 6enoe nJiaTbeuo,
,llJIHHHOe, KaK copoqxa, noxpoeT KOpnyc, onoBmeTCB ca-
MbIM He)J(HbIM nO.SlCOM JIHJIOBOfO UBeTa, rpy,llb OTKpbITaB,

• PyccKHii 60J1pHu (ifjp.).

•• KaK H3BecTHO, IloTeMKHHY npHUHCblBaeTCJI necuJI: «KaK CKopo JI Te6JI
BH,!UIJI». 3oeCb U Oa11ee npUM. aBm., eCJIU 3mO He OZ060peHO oco6o.

24
BOJIOCLI, 6e3 ny.n;pL1, pacny~eHHLie, copoqxa y rpy.n;eii
CXBaTHTCSI 60JibllIHM SIXOHTOM» H T. .n;., - COKpa~aJO
paccKa3. M TYT xce, psi.n;oM c TipacKOBLeii AH.n;peeBHoii,
<«pOHTaH H3 pa3HbIX IIpHBO):(OB H3,n;aCT 6JiaroyxaHHbie BO-
):(bl, KaK TO: p030BYJO, JIHJieiiHyJO, xcaCMHHHyJO, Ty6epo3-
HYIO H rroMapaHIJ;eByJO» ... Oco6eHHO xapaKTepHo rrepequc-
JieHue 6JiaroyxaHHbIX BO):(, - HanOMHHaeT OHO Illexepe3a-
.n;y' HO 3TH xcacMHHHbie H noMapaHIJ;eBhle BO):(bl Bbl3bIBaJOT
y quTaTeJISI H CMYTHYJO TpeBory.
«EKCTa3HC» yxcHBaJICSI B HeM c rrpurra.n;KaMH COBepmeH-
HOH MeJiaHxoJIHu. KHSI3b TioTeMKHH, no coBpeMeHHoii
TepMHHOJIOrHH, ):(OJIXCeH 6bITb IIpHqHcJieH K HeBpacTeHH-
KaM. Tiepe.n; nocJie):(HHM CBOHM OT'be3):(0M H3 TieTep6ypra,
rrocJie CBoero 3HaMeHHToro npa3.n;HnKa B TaBpuqecKOM
):(BOpn;e, OH 3a o6e.n;oM B.n;pyr CKa3aJI npu6JIHXCeHHbIM:
«MoxceT JIU qeJioBeK 6h1Th cqacTJIHBee MeHsi? Bee, qero SI
HH xceJiaJI, BCe npHXOTH MOH HCIIOJIHHJIHCb KaK 6y.n;To
KaKHM oqapoBaHneM. XoTeJI quHoB - nMeJO, op.n;eHOB -
HMeJO, JIJ06HJI urpaTb - rrpoHrpbIBaJI cyMMbl HeCMeTHblSI,
JIJ06HJI .n;aBaTb rrpa3):(HHKH - .n;aBaJI BeJIHKOJienHbie, JIJ0-
6nJI noxynaTb HMeHHSI - HMeJO, JIJ06HJI CTpOHTb ):(OMa -
nocTpOHJI ):(BOpQbI, JIJ06HJI .n;oporuSI Be~u - HMeJO CTO-
JibKO, qTo HH O):(HH qacTHbIH qeJIOBeK He HMeeT TaK MHOro
H TaKux pe.n;xux... CJioBoM, Bee cTpacTH MOH B noJIHoii
Mepe BbmOJIHSIJOTCSI». - «M TYT TioTeMKHH, y.n;apuB xyJia-
KOM no <f>ap<f>opoBoii rnpeJIKe, pa36HJI ee B.n;pe6e3ru,
BbIIIIeJI H3-3a CTOJia H y.n;aJIHJICSI B CBOJO onoquBaJibHJO».
BcJie.n; Ja Illexepe3a.n;oii - 3KKJie3nacT.
llepe3 HecKOJibKO Mecsin;eB OH yMep. B ..Hccax 3a60JieJI,
BL1exaJI B HHKOJiaeB, B nyTH rroqyBCTBOBaJI ce6si xy.n;o.
5 OKTSI6pSI 1791 ro.n;a Ha 60JibIIIOH .n;opore BeJieJI OCTaHO-
BHTbCSI. «Tenepb Hexy.n;a exaTb . ..H yMHpaJO ..• BLIHhTe
MeHSI H3 xapeT1>1, xoqy YMepeTb B noJie» ... llepe3 Tpu
qeTBepTu qaca KHSI3b cxoHqancsi. « Ce satrape si grand par
son genie, si petit par sa faiblesse, si gigantesque dans ses
projets, si ridicule dans ses manies »•, - roBopuT o HeM
ero <f>paHQY3CKHH roCTb.

IV.
PumeJILe, .n;e JlHHb u JlaHxcepoH rrpH61>mH B cTaBKY
TioTeMKHHa rro3.n;Heii oceHbJO 1790 ro.n;a.

• «3TOT caTpan, CTOJJb BCJIHKHH CBOHM reHHCM, CTOJJb Ma.JlblH B csoeii cna6o-
CTH, rpaH.llff03HblH B CBOHX npoeKTax, CMCWHOH B CBOHX YBJJC'ICHHllX» ( rfip ) .

25
 J110,n:eli, BblpOCllIHX IlpH BepcaJibCKOM .ZlBOpe, HHKaKOH
.n:pyroli .n:sop He Mor Y.n:HBHTh 6necKoM. Ho CTaBKH, no-
.n:o6Holi IlOTeMKHHCKOH, B HCTOpHH, sepO.sITHO, H B CaMOM
.n:ene HHKOr,na He 6bIJIO. IlpH BepXOBHOM rJiaBHOKOMaH-
.UYIOIII.eM HaXO.ZJ;HJIOCb meCTbCOT qeJIOBeK npHCJI.YfH, .n:se-
CTH neB'IHX H MY3b1KaHTOB, .n:paMaTH'leCKa1l Tpynna, csoii
6aJieT H .n:sa.n:u.aTb IOBeJIHpOB - .ZJ;Jljl H3fOTOBJieHH.sI no-
.n:apKOB oqepe.n;HhIM ,naMaM cep.n:u.a IloTeMKHHa. ,[(Jljl 60-
JihllIHX npa3.ZJ;HHKOB ycTpOeHa 6blJia orpOMHa.sI Il0.ZJ;3eMHa.sI
ranepe.si, - ee OilHChIBaeT B CBOHX BOCilOMHHaHH.sIX rpaqm-
H.sl ronOBHHa·. Me6eJib 6hIJia IlOKpbITa p030BOH H cepe6-
p.s!HOH MaTep11eii, TaKHe JICe 61>IJIH KOBp1>1. KypHJIHCh
apa6CKHe ICypeHb.sI, Bee 6b1JIO B BOCTO'IHOM CTHJie. BOIO.sl c
TypKaMH, IloTeMKHH s 11x o6bl'la.six MHoroe o.n:o6p.sin. Ho
IlHTaJIC.sI OH 6e3 npe,n:nHCaHHOH TypKaM 803,n:epJICaHHOCTH.
3aBTpaKOB H o6e,noB B .n:eHb 6hIJ10 meCTb. JiamKepoH
paccICa3hIBaeT' 'ITO B rropy CBOeH npe,n:cMepTHOH 6oJie3HH
IloTeMKHH, Tp.sIC.sICb OT JIHXopa;:urn, C'beJI npH HeM 3a
o6e,noM orpoMHbIH xycox BeT'IHHbl, u.enoro ryc.si, HeCKOJih-
KO lJ,blflJijlT H BbIIlHJI HeHMOBepHoe KOJIH'leCTBO KBaca,
Me,n:a H BHH. OcTaeTc.si TOJihKO .nenaTb npe.n:nonoJICeHH.sI,
KaK OH IlHTaJIC.sI, Kor.n:a He 6bm Ha CMepTHOM o.npe.
Bo speM.si o6e.n:a Hrpan opxecTp, cocTaBJieHHhIH H3
Manopocc11iicKHX, espeiicKHX H HTaJih.HHCKHX MY3hIKaHTOB.
IloTeMKHH o'leHb J1106HJI MY3hlKy, HO noHHMaJI ee no-
caoeMy. My31>1KaJI1>Hb1e 11,neH y Hero 6blJIH CTOJih JICe caoe-
o6pa3Hble, KaK ace oCTaJI1>Hoe. B opxecrpoBKY «Te6e Bora
XBaJIHM» BBe.ZJ;eHbl 6blJIH, HanpHMep, nymKH: npH CTHXe
«CB.sIT, CB.sIT, CB.sIT» no 3HaKy .ZlHPHJICepa 6aTape.si H3 ,n:eC.HTH
opy,n11ii rpeMena 6ern1>IM orneM··. CoJIHCTOB B nell):{epax
HaiiTu: 61>1no, no-BH.ZJ;HMOMY, TPY.UHO, Ho pyccx11ii nocon a
BeHe o6eman KH.sI3IO rrpHcJiaTb eMy OTMeHHeiimero xnase-
CHHIII.HKa. KnasecHHIIJ.HK 61>m H B caMoM .n:ene He.n;ypHoii:
3TO 6hIJI He KTO HHOH, KaK Mou.apT.
AaTop «PeKBHeMa» - B .npaMe IlylllKHHa HeKoTopoe
no.no611e nTH'IKH BoJIC1>eii - a TY nopy, xax, snpo'leM,
nO'ITH ac10 )KH3Hb, 6e.ncTBOBan coaepmeHHo. Mou.apT 61>m
TaKoii )Ke «ryn.siKa npa3.ZJ;HhIH», KaK CaJI1>ep11 - y611iiu.a.
HH OT xaxoii pa60T1>1 OH He OTKa3bIBaJic.H: ypoKH MY3hIKH
.n;eT.sIM - MO)KHO; TaHlJ,bl .ZlJI.sI npH,$0pHoro 6aJia - OT-
• Les souvenirs de la comtesse Golovine, pp. 25-29
•• B npyroe BpeMll nouocua111ucll no uero nepeC'fpeJJKa, uanpoTHB, pa3npallCll-
Jia IloTeMKHHa. OnnalK.llbI OH IlOCJlaJI a.zn,JOTaHTa KKOMaH.!lyJOlllCMY apTHJIJiepueli,
reuepany IlHCTopy, Y3HaTb, noqeMy TaK MHOro CTpCJllllOT «IlepenaliTe CBCTJleli-
lllCMy: nOToMy, qyo Poccux BOJOCT c TypUHeli!» - OTBCTHJI paccepnnBlllHlicx
resepan.

26
ml'rno; IlbecKa .n.iu1 11acoB - OP1ero )l(e aeT? B O.IUIOM HJ
CBOHX nocJie,D;HHX IlHCeM K )l(eHe (OT 3 OKT.si:6p.si: 1790 ro.na)
MoQapT coo6maeT: «TOJibKO Tenepb Mory ce6.si: JacTaBHTb
HanHcaTb a.na)l(HO AA.SI 11acoBbIX .nen MacTepa, 'IT06b1 He-
CKOJibKO .D;yKaToB nonpbiranH B TBOHX py'IKax, MHJia.SI
xeHa MO.SI. Ax, ecJIH 6b1 XOTb .neno mno o MYJbIKe AA.SI
60JibillHX qacoB, CTeHHblX HJIH 6ameHHbIX» .•• 06paIQaJIC.SI
OH Ja DOMOID;blO K «yBa)l(aeMOMY H My.npoMy MYHHQlma-
JIHTery BeHb1», HO 6eJ 6onhIIIoro peJyJibTaTa. «YBaxae-
MbIH H My.D;pbIH MYHHQHnaJIHTeT» npeAAO)l(HJI eMy MeCTO
6eJ xcanoBaHb.SI. Tenepb BeJ.ne CTO.SIT naMKrHHKH MoQap-
Ty; HO noxopoHHJIH ero, no 6e.D;HOCTH, B o6meii .SIMe, -
.neno Hepe.D;Koe. 3aMY1feHHbm 6eJ.neHeXCbeM, .noJiraMH, pa-
6oToii Ha qacOBblX .nen MaCTepoB, OH IIpHH.SIJI npeAAO)l(e-
HHe OTnpaBHTbC.SI Ha CJI~6y B opKecTp MOCKOBHTCKoro
<l>10pcTa, HO He ycnen: YMep (noqrn O.IUIOBpeMeHHo c
IloTeMKHHbIM). 01feHb )l(aJih, 1fTO He ycnen: no Kpaii:Heii
Mepe, B nepBbIH H B IIOCJie,D;HHH pa3 B )l(HJHH eMy xopOIIIO
JanJiaTHJIH 6hI, - MOCKOBHTCKHH <lJ10pcT 6bIJI nome.D;pee
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KOBb1H: 6eH.D;epCKHH opKeCTp c nymKaMH - c MoQapTOM B
pOJIH COJIHCTa!

v.
IloTeMKHH npHH.SIJI <l>paHQYJCKHX o<l>HQepoB OlfeHb JII0-
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rnaBHOKOMaH.D;yIOmero TpHXC.D;bl B He,neJIIO HOCHJI pyccKHH
BOeHHbIH MYH.D;Hp, a B OCTaJibHbie .D;HH - <lJpaHQYJCKHH.
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raM, a no BOCCTaHOBJieHHH liyp60HOB Ha npeCTOJI nocry-
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3TOMY BeTpy Mbl 06.SIJaHbI .nBYM.SI TOMaMH HHTepecHeii-
IIIHX MeMyapoB.
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PH111eJibe c CyBopoBhIM. Ho rpa<lJ .ne ,lJ;aMa, no3HaKOMHB-
IllHHC.SI c HHM HecKOJihKO paH1>111e, no.n KHH6ypHOM, ocTa-
BHJI 06 HX nepBOH BCTpeqe BeCbMa 3a6aBHblH paccKa3.

27
 - JI ycTpOHJIC.SI y ce6.SI Ha KaHOHepxe, - pacCKa.3bI-
BaeT ,[(aMa, - H Haqan nu:caTb IlHCbMO MOeH ceCTpe
(rpacl>u:He ll,e CHMHaH). Bll.pyr KO MHe 3anpocTo 3ameJI
qeJIOBeK B Oll,HOH py6a1IIKe H cnpoCHJI MeH.SI, KTO .SI TaKOH.
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CYBopoBy nu:cbMO OT npmru;a HaccaycKoro. «OqeHb pall. no-
3HaKOMHTbC.SI c BaMH, - OTBeTHJI qeJIOBeK B py6a1IIKe, -
CYBOPOB - 3TO .SI, KaK BHll.HTe, OH qeJioBeK npoCToif».
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KOMY HMeHHo OH nu:meT, H Y3HaB, qTo ceCTpe BO <l>pa~HJO,
HeMell.JleHHO H3'b.SIBHJI )l(eJiaHHe TO)l(e Hanu:caTb elf, XOTb,
ecTeCTBeHHo, OTPOll.Y o Heil He CJibIXaJI. .l1:eifCTBHTeJibHO,
OH TYT )Ke Hanu:can nHCbMO Ha qeTbipex crpamm;ax; rpacl>u:H.SI
ll,e Cu:MHaH TaK HHqero B 3TOM nHCbMe u: He noHMa.
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HeMY Ha o6ell. 3aBTpa, poBHO B IIIeCTb qacoB. B 03HaqeHHoe
BpeM.SI ,[(aMa .SIBHJIC.SI, HO, K Bee pocmeMy ero H3YMJieHHIO,
eMY B CTaBKe o6'b.SICHHJIH, qTo OH oIDH6c.SI: CyBopoB o6ell,aeT
B meCTb qacoB ympa. «He cKphrnaro, - nHIDeT rpacl>, -
conoCTaBHB 3TOT BH3HT H 3TO npu:rJiameHHe, .SI npu:meJI K
MbICJIH, qTo HMero .n;eJio c cyMacmell.IIIHM». Bee )Ke Ha cJie-
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qacoB. «reHepan 6pocHJIC.SI MHe Ha mero c y)l(HMKaMH,
Bbl3BaBIIIHMH y MeH.SI 6ecnOKOHCTBO, yroCTHJI Meli.SI plOMKOH
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caM TO)l(e BbIIlHJI plOMKY c rpHMaCOH, OT KOTOpOH cnyqu:JIC.SI
6bI BblKH.D;bIIII y MapKHTaHTKH, H noBeJI Meli.SI K CTOJIY ... »
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Bell.JIHB u: caM 3HaeT, qTo 3a TaKoif o6e.n; .SI EMy HHqero
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Cxoll,Hhie BneqaTJieHH.SI 6b1JIH y Pu:meJibe. «CyBopoB
o6ell,aeT yTpoM, - nu:meT OH, - y)l(HHaeT .n;HeM, cnHT
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He Ha.n;o, Oll.HaKo, .n;yMaTb, qTo cl>paHn;y3cKu:e ocl>u:uepbI
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o6hIKHOBeHHbIX JIIO.ZJ;eH BeKa, - roBOpHT JlaH)l(epoH, -
BeJIHKHH nOJIKOBOll,eu; H BeJIHKHH nOJIHTHK». c 60JiblIIHM
28
yBa:>KeHHeM OTJhrnaeTc.H o pyccKoM reHepane H repn;or
PmneJihe.
B cTaBKe IloTeMKHHa, npHHHMa.H yqacTHe B ero nHpax,
<l>paHn;y3bl npo6hIJIH BCero TPH ~H.H. 14 HO.H6p.H HM, co-
r JiaCHO HX npocb6e, 6hIJIO pa3pemeHO OTnpaBHTbC.H Ha
TeaTp BOeHHbIX co6bITHH.

VI.
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o3epaMH RnHyx H KaTJia6yx, CTO.HJia KpenocTh l13MaHJI.
0Ha 6hIJia o6HeceHa qeThipexca:>KeHHhIM JeMJI.HHhIM Ba-
JIOM, BOKpyr Hero meJI rny60KHH poB. Ha Ba.JIY CTO.HJIO ~o
TpeXCOT opy~H. rapHH30H HacqHTbIBaJI 35 TbIC.Hq 60H-
QOB; H3 HHX 3HaqHTeJibHYJO qacTb COCTaBJI.HJIH .HHblqapbI.
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HCTOpHKH Ha3hIBaIOT no-pa3HOMy: A~oJJI, AxMeT, Mex-
Me~. Bo BC.HKOM cnyqae, :no 6bIJI cepacKHp, T.e. KOMaH-
~YIOI.QHH apM11eii 0 • B TypQHH namH pa3JIHqaJIHCb no qffcny
KOHCKHX XBOCTOB (6yH'IYKOB), BblHOCHBIIIHXC.H nepe~ HHMH
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BbICIIIHH no paHry' nama H B~o6aBOK 'leJIOBeK O'leHb
xpa6pbIH. OrneT ero Ha npeMO:>KeHHe c~aThC.H HCTOpHKH
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nhITaJic.H B3.HTb ee IIITYPMOM PH6ac. l13 :noro HH'lero He
BbIIIIJIO. IIocJie~HHM rnaBHOKOMaH~YIOI.QHM 6bIJI ry~o­
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«ceii:M», KaK roBopHT npeHe6pe:>KHTeJihHO IloTeMKHH. Bo-
eHHhIH COBeT nocTaHOBHJI OTKa3aTbC.H OT oca~bl. Ho eme
llO noJiy'leHH.H H3BeCTH.H 06 3TOM IloTeMKHH, npeHMyI.Qe-
CTBeHHO no nOJIHTH'leCKHM coo6pa:>KeHH.HM, npHH.HJI ~py­
roe pemeHHe. 25 Ho.H6p.H OH HanHcaJI CyBopoBy: «0cTaeT-
C.H npe~npHH.HTb c noMOI.QblO l>O:>KHeii Ha OBJia~eHHe ropo-
.na. ,[(JI.SI cero, Bame CH.HTeJibCTBO, H3BOJibTe nocneIIIHTb
Ty~a M.H npHH.HTH.H Bcex qacTeii B Bamy KOMa~y» .

• IlO-BHJ:tHMOMy, B Kpenocm 6biJJO ,llBa cepacKHpa, TaK KaK B BOCUOMHHaHHllX

BCTpe'!aJOTCll ,llBa p113HbIX JIHua.

29
 CyBopoB ,neiicTBHTeJJbHO nocnenrnn. 2 ,neKa6p.H OH B
conpOBOJK.[{eHHH 0.[{HOro Ka3aKa npH6bIJJ B apMHIO. qepe3
9 .[{Heii HatfaJJC.ff IIITypM, 3aKOHtfHBilIHHC.ff na,neHHeM Kpeno-
CTH. B 6naro.napcTBeHHOM pecKpHnTe floTeMKHHY 6bmo
cKa3aHo: «lfaMaHJJbCKa.H 3CKana.na ropo.na H KpenocTH
IlO'IHTaeTC.ff 3a .neno, e,nBa JJH eme r.ne B HCTOpHH HaXO.[{.ff-
meec.H». IT011TH To JKe caMoe roBop.ffT $paHI.{)'3CKHe yqacT-
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'ITO y11acTBOBaJJ B HeM, HO 6bIJJ 6bI BeCbMa paccTpoeH,
ecJJH 6b1 npHIIIJJOCb ornITb yB11,neTb 3TO 3peJJHme», -
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JKepoH. 06a, IlO-BH.nHMOMy, 6ecnpHCTpacTHbl, TaK X<e KaK
PHilleJJbe. Bee Tpoe B caMoM YJKaCHOM BH.ne H3o6pa)J(aJOT
pe3HIO, nocne,noBaBillyIO 3a B3.ffTHeM ropo.na.
PaJyMeeTC.ff, B HacTo.Hmeii cTaThe He MO)J(eT 6b1Tb
01rncaH IIITYPM 113MaHna. B Tpy.nax HCTOpHKOB H MeMy-
apHCTOB ecTb HeMano no.npo6HbIX ero onHcaHHii. Cyme-
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sochMOH necH.ffx 6aiipoHoscKoro «,[J;oH )l(yaHa». EaupoH
HeCKOJJbKO rryranc.H B pyccKHX HMenax: «0HH KOff'laIOTC.ff
Ha «HllIKHH», «yCKHH», «H$K'IH», «YCKH». JI npHBe,ny H3
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xpoMe PaJyMoecxoro, H HeCKOJibKHX ,npyrnx HMeH - s
6oJibllIHHCTBe CTOJib )Ke TO'IHO: IllepeMaToB, MycKHH-
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KacTeJibHO, TOJKe .naneKo He 6eJyxopH3HeHHhIH B CMbICJJe
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npHIIHCaJI CBOeMy repoIO ,[J;oH )l(yaHy, pa3BHJI, H3MeHHJI H
IlOCTpOHJI Ha ueM .[{aJJbHeiirnee pa3BHTHe Il03Mbl.
IlpoHCilleCTBHe 3TO 3aKJIIO'laJIOCb B cne,nyIOmeM.
IIITypM ua11anc.ff HO'lbIO, B TeMHOTe, Ja,nonro .no paccseTa.
He3a6hrnaeMa xapTHHa 60.ff, KOTopyIO .naeT B CBOHX BOC-
IlOMHHaHH.ffX PHrnenbe (Tax npaB,nHBO, xa)J(eTc.ff, .no CTen-
,naJI.ff HHKTO BOHHbl He OilHCbIBan): COBeplileHHa.ff TbMa,
KpHKH «ypa!» H «AJIJia!», a.[{CKHH orOHb, OTCBetfHBaIOmHii-
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BH3r co6ax, KOTOpbIX B 113MaHJie, KaK BO scex Typeu,KHX
30
ropo.z:i;ax, 6hmo eemucoe MHOJKeCTBO ..• PmneJihe 6hm npH-
'IHCJieH K OTp.si:;zy reHepaJia MapKOBa, HO cJiy11aH:Ho noTe-
p.si:JI B 3TOM a.z:i;y CBOIO 'laCTh, npHcoe.ri;HHHJIC.sl K .z:i;pyroH: H
c HeH BOpBaJIC.sl B rJiaBHbIH, nocJie)l;HHH 6aCTHOH rH6~eH:
KpenocTH. TaM yKpbIJIHCh ece :>R:eHIT(HHhI lhMaHJia. 3amH-
IT(aJI 3TOT 6acTHOH caM cepacKHp. CTapbIH narna, CTO.si:
IIO)l; 3eJieHbIM 6aJI)l;aXHHOM, COBeprneHHO cnOKOHHO BCTpe-
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aHrJIH'laHHH, 0<pmi:ep pyccKOH cJiyJK6bI, npe)l;JIOJKHJI eMy
c.ri;aTbC.si:. He roeop.si: xy.z:i;oro cJioea, cepacKHp BhICTpeJIHJI B
Hero H3 IIHCTOJieTa, y6HJI ero H B TY JKe ceKyH.ri;y 6bIJI
no.ri;H.si:T Ha IIIThIKH. Bb16eJKaB HJ 6acTHOHa, PHIIIeJibe yBH-
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JIH coJI.ri;aThI <l>paHizy3CKY:EO 6paHh repu;ora, HJIH K TOMY
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o6eperaJI B 11ach1 3TOH HeCKOH'laeMOH HO'IH H 3aTeM, K
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na.ri;eHH.Sl KpenOCTH OH BepHyJic.si: B 6eH.ri;epCKYJO CTaBKy.
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vn.
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pa3opeHa. Ky.z:i;a .z:i;enocb cocTo.si:HHe, npHHOCHBIIIee .z:i;o 500
Thlc.si:11 JIHBpoB e)Kero.ri;Horo .ri;oxo.z:i;a, HenoH.si:THO. PHrnen1>e,

31
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KOTOpbIX Hexrno mo6HJI. Ho rJiaBHoe rope 6hIJIO He B
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B03BpaI.QaTbeSI BO <l>paHQHFO H3 PoeeHH He XOTeJIOeb, OH
eaM roBOpHT: «ExaTb B IlapmK MHe 6bIJIO eTparnHee, 'leM
6bIJIO 6bl Tpyey yqaeTBOBaTb B rnTypMe l13MaHJia». IloKH-
HYJI OH po.z:i;HHY B aBryeTe 1791 ro.z:i;a JieraJibHO, noJiy'IHJI
3arpaHH'IHbIH naenopT, H 3TO no3.z:i;Hee o'leHh 6JiaronpHSIT-
HO oTpa3HJIOeh H Ha ero ey.z:i;h6e, H Ha ey.z:i;h6e ero 6JIH3-
KHX. B nopy eTparnHhIX peBOJIFOQHOHHbIX 3aKOHOB npoTHB
3MHrpaHTOB H HX po.z:i;eTBeHHHKOB, oeTaBIIlHXeSI BO <l>paH-
QHH, )l(eHa repQora, «femme Richelieu», HeH3MeHHO eehI-
JiaJiaeh Ha TO, 'ITO ee MY)I( He 3MHrpaHT: OH He 6e)l(aJI, a
yexaJI e 3aKOHHbIM naenopTOM. Tax, repQorHHFO O'leHb
)l;OJiro H He TporaJIH, noea.z:i;HJIH ee B TFOpbMY JIHIIlb npH
Po6eenbepe.

32
 PHUJeJibe on1paBHJIC.SI He B Ko6nem..i;, a B IleTep6ypr.
TaM ero BCTpeTHJIH npeBocxo,n;Ho. MMnepaTpmw ExaTe-
pHHa 6bIJia c HHM qpe3BbI'laHHO mo6e3Ha. 25-JieTHeMy
HHOCTpam~y 6bIJI .n;aH 'IHH IlOJIKOBHHKa, ero npHrJiaCHJIH
6bIBaTb 3anpocTo B 3pMHTa)Ke. OH 6bIJI B noJIHOM Bo-
CTopre. Pa3o'IapoBaHHe npHUJJio no3,n;Hee.
CTap, 06b1'1eH, HeH3MeHeH nyTb Bcex 3MHrpaI..J;HH HC-
TOpHH. JlJO,n;H, ecTeCTBeHHO, ye3)KaJOT B Te CTpaHbl, B
KOTOpbIX MoryT paCC'IHTbIBaTb Ha CO'IYBCTBHe o6mecTBeH-
HOro MHeHH.SI H npaBHTeJibCTB. B CO'IYBCTBHH HM BHa'laJie
HHKOr,n;a H He OTKa3bIBaJOT. IlepBbIX <l>paHI..J;y3CKHX 3MHr-
paHTOB BCTpeTHJIH BOCTOp)KeHHO ,lJ;a)Ke B repMaHHH, KOTO-
pa.SI rocTenpHHMCTBOM HHKOr,n;a oco6eHHO He CJiaBHJiaCb.
rpaipy .n;e ApTya H ero CBHTe npH HX B'be3,n;e B Ko6JieHI..J;
Ha ynHI..J;ax 6pocanH I..J;BeTbI. HecKOJibKO no3,n;Hee HX 3a6pa-
CbIBaJIH rp.SI3bl0 (roBOplO H 0 I..J;BeTax, H 0 rp.SI3H He B
nepeHOCHOM, a B 6yxBaJibHOM CMbicne). CnepBa y Bcex
3MHrpaHTOB 6bIJIH ,n;eHbrH, OHH BHOCHJIH <<He3,n;OpOBOe
O)KHBJieHHe» B )KH3Hb He60JibUJHX HeMeI..J;KHX ropo,n;KOB.
IlOTOM OCTaJIHCb OHH 6e3 rpoUJa, HX Ha.no 6bIJIO KOpMHTb,
,lJ;OCTaBaTb HM pa6oTy, 'IYTb TOJibKO He OT6HpaTb xne6 y
CBOHX. A BparH HX BO <I>paHI..J;HH UJJIH OT y,n;a'IH K y,n;a'le, -
«HH'ITO y n10.n;eii He HMeeT Taxoro ycnexa, xax ycnex». Co
CBOeii CTOpOHbl, <l>paHI..J;Y3bl, oco6eHHO napH)KaHe, 6bIJIH OT
repMaHHH OTHIO,lJ;b He B BOCTOpre. MHOrO 3a6aBHOro
CJIY'IHJIOCb, HanpHMep, c PHBaponeM: 3HaMeHHTOMY OCT-
poyMI..J;Y He nepe.n; KeM 6bmo 6JIHCTaTb. Les Allernands se
cotisent pour cornprendre un bon «rnot>>°, Mpa'IHO roBo-
pHT OH.
B PoccHH, .n;a eme B AHrJIHH, OTHOCHJIHCb K 3MHrpaHTaM
JIY'lllie, 'leM B .n;pyrHx cTpaHax. BHa'laJie HMnepaTpHI..J;a
EKaTepHHa OKa3bIBaJia HM rOCTenpHHMCTBO c BOCTOproM.
MMeHHO B 3TO BpeM.si: H nonan B IleTep6ypr PHUJeJibe. B
repMaHCKHX 3eMn.si:x .n;eno y)Ke o6cTo.si:no HHa'le. Iloxo.n; Ha
IlapH)K repI..J;ora I>payHUJBeiircxoro 3aKOH'IHJICH B 1792 ro-
.n;y noJIHbIM npoBaJIOM. BeHcxoe npaBHTeJibCTBO o6'b.SIBHJIO,
'ITO c 1 anpeJIH 1793 ro.n;a nepecTaHeT nnaTHTb )KaJioBaHbe
3MHrpaHTCKOMY xopnycy npHHI..J;a KoH.n;e. IloJIO)KeHHe JIJO-
.n;eii, BXO,lJ;HBUJHX B 3TOT KOpnyc, cpa3y CTaJIO Tparnqe-
CKHM, - ,n;eHer 60JibUJe IlO'ITH HH y xoro He OCTaBaJIOCb.
Tor.n;a B IleTep6ypre B03HHK TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH KpbIMCKHii
npoexT: npe.n;nonaranocb nepeBeCTH B He,n;aBHO 3aBoeBaH-
HblH KpbIM apMHJO npHHI..J;a KoH,n;e. MHHI..J;HaTopoM 3Toro

• HeMUbI «CKH'AblBalOTCll», 'IT06b1 ycnb!WaTb xopowee «cnoBe'IKO» ( rfjp.).

2-5317
33
 IlJlaHa 6hm Pmnen1>e, no,mrnca.JI ,z:toxyMeHT IlrraToH 3y6oB,
a ICTO 6LIJI aBTOpOM, CKa3aTb Tpy,LtHo.
,lJ;oKyMeHT 3TOT, COCTOSllilHH H3 33 naparpa«l>oB, H
TporaTeJieH, H B HeKOTOpbIX OTHOIIIeHHBX Kypbe3eH, -
oco6eHHO no Heo6bIKHOBeHHOH ceoeii QHljlpOBOH OTtieT-
JIHBOCTH. PyccKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO OTBO,l{HJIO ljlpaHI.zy3CKOH
3MHrpa.QHH Ha 6epery A3oecKoro MopB «630 OOO arpents
russes qu'on nomme deciatine» •• HaJVIe)Ka.r10 o6pa3oBaTh
.nee soeHHble KOJIOHHH. Ka)K,L{aB KOJIOHHB ,neJIHJiach ua
,u;ec.srrh oKpyros, Ka)K,L{blii oKpyr - Ha IUITb ,n:epeseHh. B
KIDK,!J;OH ,n:epeBHe ,l{OJDKHbl 6blJIH DOceJIHTbCSI «copoK Mym-
KeTepoB-,!J;BOp.SIH H ,l{Ba.IU{aTL MymKeTepoB-He,L{BOpBH (ro-
turiers). Ka:>K,!J;OMY MymKeTepy-,n:sopBHHHY OTBO,L{HJIOCb
meCTL,L{eC.SIT )lec.SITHH 3eMJIH, He,l{BOpBHHH)' - TpH,n:.QaTb
(oljlH.QepaM )Ke no TpHCTa). KpoMe Toro, Ka:>K,L{OMY noce-
nemzy, He3aBHCHMO OT npOHCXO)K,L{eHHB, ,n:aBaJIHCb ,L{Be
K06bIJibl, ,l{Be KOpOBbl, meCTb OBe.Q. Ilo.rryqa.rm KOJIOHH-
CTbl, DO DpOeKT)', H JI(a.rJOBaHbe. reHepaJibHblM HHCDeK-
TOpOM 3MHrpaHTCICOH KOJIOHHH Ha3Haqa.ncSI CaM npHH.Q
KoH)le, a ee ry6epHaTopoM - rep.Qor PHmeJILe.
c 3THM npoeKTOM H c ,l{BYMB 6oqoHKaMH 30JIOTa
Ha pacxo,L{bl no nepeB03Ke apMHH B KphIM PHIDeJILe
B KOH.Qe 1792 ro,na BhleXaJI B repMaHHJO B 3MHrpaHTCKHH
IIITa6. no CJIOBaM Kpy3a-KpeTe, npe,l{JIOJI(eHHe HMIIe-
paTpHIU>I 6bIJIO 3MHrpaHTaMH BCTpe11eHo «npeHe6peJI(H-
TeJibHO», 3a 'ITO HM TOr,L{a HeMaJIO ,L{OCTa.rIOCb ynpeKOB
H pyraTeJihCTB H OT pyccKHX, H .na:>Ke OT ljlpamzy3cxux
COBpeMeHHHKOB. B caMOM ,n:eJie, HHIIlHM JII-0,L{jJM, KOTOpblM
HeKy)la .ZJ;eThCSI H He11ero ecn, npe,l{JlaraJOT )Ka.rJOBaHLe,
npeJVIaraJOT 3eMJIIO B 6narocJIOBeHHOM, COJIHe'IHOM
KpalO, a OHH JIOMalOTC.SI, KanpH3HH'lalOT' H306pa)KalOT
6ap! PaJyMeeTcB, He6naro,llapHL1e JlYpaKH, ecJIH He co-
eepmeHHLie npoxo,L{HM.QbI. PoCTOD'IHH DHca.n: H JlYPaKH,
H npOXO,IJ;HM.Qbl.
Mbl K 3TOMY TaK OTHecTHCb He MO>KeM.
Kor,L{a Ha,ne)K,L{b1 pa36HThI, xor,u;a .nenaTh 6om.me He-
11ero, Kor.na mo,u;H HaqHHaIOT Tep.SITh eepy B ce6.SI H H3Be-
pHJIHCh BO BCeM OCTa.rihHOM, B npOTHBOBec DOJIHOMY OT-
qa.SIHHJO HeH3MeHHO DO.SIBJI.SleTCB HeqTo HeOXGl)laHHOe, no-
paJI(aJOIIlee, ,u;HKoe. CKa)KeM CHMBOJIH11ecm KpaTxo: Ila-
pareaii.
KpLIM 6bln IlapareaeM $paH.QY3CKoii 3MHrpa.QHH.

• «630 OOO pya:1rnx apnauoe, HMeuyeMhlX ,1.1ecHTHBaMH» (ifip.). Apnau -

CTapallcj>paullY3CKlUI 3CMCJ1LBaJI Mepa. - llpUM. peiJ.

34
 Vlll.
3MHrpaQH.SI - He 6ereTBO H, Koueqao, ue npeerynne-
HHe. 3MHrpa~.SI - HeeqaeTbe. 0T.l{eJlhHble JIIO.ll.H, no
oeo6bIM CBOHM esoiieTBaM, no IIO.l{rOTOBKe, no po.n;y
CBOHX 3aH.SITHH, BblHOC.SIT 3TO uecqacTbe epaBHHTeJibHO
JierKo. 3HaMeHHTLiii acTpouoM T11xo .11.e Bpare e OTBeT
Ha yrpo3y H3rHaHHeM Mor c .l{OCTaTO'tfHOH HCKpeHHO-
CTbIO OTBeTHTb: «Mem1 HeJlb3.SI H3fHaTb, - r.11.e BH.[{Hbl
3Be3)l;bl, TaM Moe oTeqecTeo». P.SI.l{oeoii qeJioeeK TaK He
OTBeTHT' - Kame yxc y Hero 3Be3.l{bl! IlpH HeKOTOpOM
aepacnoJIO)((eHHH K JllO.ll..HM, MOJKHO cKa3aTh: p.si:.11.osoii
qeJIOBeK )((HBeT 3a60TOH 0 HacyIIUIOM XJie6e, ceMI.eH,
BbffO.l{OH, enJieTH.SIMH, HHTepecaMH .l{H.SI, - 60JibIIle HHqe-
ro H He Tpe6yeTe.SI. cl>p. AJib6. JlaIITe, Hanporn:e, yeep.H.IT,
qTO B repMamm anTeKapb He MO:lKeT IlpHrOTOBHTb Jie-
KapCTBa, He C03Hae ee.Sl3H ceoeii .l{e.SITeJlbHOCTH c 6bn'HeM
eceJieHHoii. BTopoe YTBep)((.11.eHHe e CTO pa3 JI)((Heee rrpek
rnecTeyiomero, HO ee.l{b rrpeyeeJIHqeHo H nepeoe. He
BblHOC.SIT H p.Sl.l{OBble JII0.11.H C03HaHH.SI IIOJIHOH 6eCCMblCJIH-
Qbl ceoeii iKH3HH. 3MHrpaHTbl )((e HaXO.l{.SITC.SI B noJIO'.lKe-
HHH HCKJIIO'IHTeJlbHOM: BHeIIIHHe YCJIOBml HX cymeCTBO-
BaHH.SI .ll.OCTaToqHo HeJienhl u caMH no ee6e. IlpocTa.si:
)((HTeHCKa.SI He06XO,l{HMOCTb .[{aBHT T.Sl:XCKO, HHor.11.a HeBbl-
HOCHMO. BeJIHK co6Jia3H no,llorHaTb no,ll nee uoeyro
H.l{eIO, - H qero TOJibKO B TaKHX cnyqa.SJX He rrpoHeXO.l{HT!
Heo6XO)l.HMOCTb rOHHT JIIO)l.eH B IlapareaH, - MO)((HO
npH.l{yMaTb H.l{eoJiornro H Ha 3TOT enyqaii. Ho npoHHKC.SI
JIH napareaHCKHM naTPHOTH3MOM KTO H3 pyccKHX JIIO-
,lleH, noCTyneemex e Ilapareae Ha cny:xc6y? Yceoen JIH
TBep,ny10 eepy B TO, qTo qaKO .l{OJl:XCeH 6b1Tb OT6HT y
DOJIHBHH H 'ITO CTOHT OT.l{aTb )((H3Hb B 6opb6e 3a napar-
eaHCKHH qaKo?
Ty iKe .llPaMY nepe'.lKHJIH 11 !f>paHizy3CKHe 3MHrpaHTbI,
Kor.na PHIIIeJlbe 51BHJIC.si: K HHM c KpbIMeKHM npoeKTOM.
KoHeqHo, OH roeopHJI HM, qTo npoeKT ero epeMeHHhlii,
qTO apMH.SI eepHeTC.SI K 6op1>6e. 3TH .l{OBO,l{bl - B HHX
6blJia .l{OJI51 npaBJl.bl - KaK Koea Ha KaMeHb HaTbIKaJIHCb
Ha ropecTHoe, pa3,llpa)((eHHoe He.n;oyMeHHe. KaKoH Kpb1M?
3a11eM KpbIM? Ilpe qeM TYT MbI? IlpH qeM TYT cl>pa~.si:,
.n;HHaCTH.SI Byp6oHoe, 6oph6a c peeoJIIOQHeii? )l{aJioeaHhe,
JIOIIIa.l{H, OBQLI - see 3TO OTJIHqHo, HO Mbl He HaeMHHKH,
H )((ff3Hb He MO)((eT HMeTb .l{JI.SI Hae pa3yMHoro eMhieJia,
eCJIH Mbl OTnpaBHMe.SI KOJIOHH3HpOBaTb qyxcyio 3eMJIIO
,ll.11.SI qyxcoro Hapo.na!
2••
35
 Mo)KeT 6bITh, 6LIJIH H coo6pa)KeHHB npaKTH'leCKHe.
IlpHHl{ Km1.ne H ero apMHB 3HaJIH o Kpb1Me (eme IIO'ITH
,nHKOM B TY nopy) MeHLIIIe, 'leM MhI 3HaeM o IlaparBae.
EcJIH npHHSITh BO BHHMaHHe cnoco6b1 nepe,nBH)KeHHB TOH
3IIOXH, To KpLIM 6LIJI OT PeiiHa reorpa<l>H'lecxH e,nBa JIH He
,naJILIIIe, 'leM Ilaparnaii OT IlapH)Ka. BepoBTHO, mo,nH
nepe,naBaJIH .npyr .npyry BCBKHe y)KaCbI: MaJIBpHB, B,nOBH-
Tbie 3MeH, 3eMJIBHbie 6noxH. Ho rJiaBHoe 6Lmo, HaBepHoe,
He B 3TOM. rpa<l> POCTOII'IHH pOBHO HH'lero He IIOHBJI B
TB)KeJioii, MY'IHTeJILHoii .npaMe 3THX Hec'laCTHhIX mo.neii,
c6RTbIX c TOJIKY co6hITHBMH.
PHIIIeJibe, no-BH)J;HMoMy, noHBJI 3TY .npaMy JIY'IIIIe. He
6y.ny H3JiaraTb )J;aJibHeHIIIYJO HCTOpHIO KpbIMCKOro npoeK-
Ta. Cxa)Ky TOJI1>Ko, 'ITO PHIIIeJI1>e ocTaJicB c apMHeii.
KoH.ne npe.nno)KHJI eMY nonx «P1>1l{apeii xopoHI>r». PHIIIe-
Jihe OTKJIOHHJI 3TO npe,nJIO)KeHHe, HO OCTaJICB npH 3MHr-
paHTCKOH apMHH Ha )J;OJI)KHOCTH BoeHHoro areHTa PoccHH
(BeHCKHii xa6HHeT B03o6HOBHJI cy6cH.1l;HIO KoH.1J;e). C 3TOH
apMHeii OH H npo.nenaJI KaTaCTpo<l>H'leCKHe IIOXO)J;bl CJie-
)J;)'IOIIJ;HX JieT; y'laCTBOBaJI BO MHOrHx .nenax H BeJI ce6B
npHMepHo. 0.nHaxo BOHHa Toro BpeMeHH ero, no-BH)J;HMO-
MY, yrHeTaJia. Ha 3ana.nHoM <l>poHTe oHa 61>ma 6onee
)KeCToxoii, 'leM B IO)KHOii PoccHH. Eme xy.nIIIHe BeCTH
)J;OHOCHJIHCb H3 <l>paHl\HH: TaM, KaK BCer.na npH rpa)K)J;aHc-
KOH BOHHe, 3BepcTBa 61>mH He HCKJIJO'leHHeM, a npaBHJIOM.
c .npyroii CTOpOHbl, eCTb OCHOBaHHB .nyMaTb, 'ITO 3MHr-
paHTbl Ha PHIIIeJibe KOCHJIHCb. IlpaB.na, Bonpoc 0 IIO)J;)J;aH-
CTBe, 0 rpa)K)J;aHCTBe Tor.na CTaBHJICB He TaK, KaK Tenepb.
Ho Bee )Ke CTpaHHO 61>mo 4>paHl{y3aM, 'ITO 'leJioBeK, nocB-
m;Hii O)J;HY H3 caMbIX 3HaMeHHTbIX <t>aMHJIHH <l>paHl\HH,
COCTOHT B HX apMHH BOeHHbIM areHTOM .npyroii .nep)KaBbl.
CaM PHIIIeJI1>e, no-BH)J;HMOMy, y)Ke npHHBJI pemeHHe. B
BOCCTaHOBJieHHe Eyp60HCKOH )J;HHaCTHH OH BepHJI IIJIOXO.
«Y 4>paHI.~Y30B 6y.neT KOpOJib, - IIHCaJI OH, -HO He KOpOJib
H3 .noMa Eyp6oHOB». He Ha.no TYT oco6eHHO BocTopraThCB
ero IIOJIHTH'leCKOH npOHHl{aTeJibHOCTblO: TaK Tor.na .nyMa-
JIH O'leHb MHOrHe, H IIO'ITH BCe nporJIB)J;eJIH 6y.nymero
«KopoJIB», B TY nopy Mono.noro pecny6JIHKaHcKoro o<PH-
1\epa. 0.1l;HH H3 HeMHOrHx, TaneiipaH HeH3MeHHO yTBep)K-
.nan: «RKo6HHl{eB 3a,1J;YIIIHT TOJibKO BK06HHel{» .••
PHIIIeJibe Ha)J; <l>paHl{Heii IIOCTaBHJI xpecT Ha,noJiro -
B TaHHbIX MbICJIBX, 6hITb MO)KeT, HaBcer.na. c 60JibIIIHM
pBeHHeM npHHBJICB OH H3y'laTh pyccxHii B3hIK. B O)J;HOM H3
CBOHX nHceM K AH.1l;pe10 KHp. Pa3yMoBCKOMY (nepenHChI-
BaJIHCb OHH, KOHe'IHO, no-<t>paHl{y3CKH) OH B.1l;pyr, O'leBH)J;-

36
HO B )J;OKaJaTeJibCTBO CBOHX ycnexoe, BCTaBJISleT CJie.z:i;y10-
I.IzylO pyccKyIO Q:>paJy: di Ha•rnHaIO Jiyqrne roeopHTh H
paJyMeTh H yeepeH, qTo SI cKopo H c MaJihIM Tpy.z:i;oM
)J;OBOJibHO YJHaIO H COBCeM e.z:i;ea Bee IlOHHMaIO, qTo )J;JISI
CJiy)l(6hI Ha)J;Jie)l(HT» ... 3aTeM CHOBa nepexo)J;HT Ha Q:>paH-
U:YJCKHH.
OH CTaJI «3MMaHyHJIOM OcHnoeHqeM .z:i;e PHrneJI1>e»,
TaKHM Ha BCIO )l(HJHh H ocTaJICSI. BnocJie)J;CTBHH, qepeJ
qeTeepTb BeKa, c BOCCTaHOBJieHHeM .6yp60HOB Ha npeCTO-
Jie PHrneJI1>e oKaJaJICSI rnaeoii Q:>paHu;yJcKoro npaBHTeJih-
CTea; HO pyccKOH CTHXHH HJ ceoeii AYIIIH He BhITpaBHJI H
Tor.z:i;a. C HeK0Top1>1M YAHBJieHHeM qHTaeM MhI nHChMa,
KOTOpble OH IlHCaJI HJ <l>paHQHH B IlOCJie)J;HHe ro.z:i;bl CBOeH
)l(HJHH. B o.z:i;HoM HJ HHX OH nHIIIeT o «qHCTOM, ceo6o.z:i;HoM
eoJ.z:i;yxe 11awux CTeneii» - .z:i;eJio IIIJIO o CTenS1x Hoeopoc-
CHH. B .z:i;pyroM nHChMe, e1>1pa)l(aS1 o.z:i;HoMy HJ o.z:i;eccHTOB
coqyecTBHe no cJiyqa10 Tpy.z:i;Horo noJIO)l(eHHSI o.z:i;eccKoii
XJie6HOH TOproBJIH, OH .z:i;o6aemteT, qTo, K C1.Jacm&10
(heureusement), BO <l>paHQHH TO)l(e O)l(H)J;aeTCSI IlJIOXOH
ypo)l(aH - CJie.z:i;oeaTeJihHO, HOBOpOCCHHCKHe ,neJia MoryT
nonpaBHTbCSI. IlHCbMO )J;JISI Q:>paHQYJCKOro MHHHCTpa-npe-
JH)J;eHTa )J;OBOJihHO HeO)l(H)J;aHHOe.

IX.
B MapTe 1795 ro.z:i;a PHrneJI1>e eepHyJicSI e IleTep6ypr.
Ho Tenep1> ero TaM BCTpeTHJIH coeeprneHHO HHaqe, He)l(e-
JIH TPH ro.na TOMY HaJa.z:i;. MMnepaTpHu;a 60JI1>rne repu;ora
B 3pMHTa)I( He npHrnarnana. IlJiaToH 3y6oe npHHSIJI ero
qpeJBblqaiiHO rpy6o - He OTBeTHJI Ha IlOKJIOfl, He no.z:i;aJI
pyKH. B nHC1>Me K PaJYMOBCKOMY OT 1 - 12 MaSI 1795 ro-
.na PHIIIeJI1>e roeopHT: «Ilo cJioBaM 3cTepraJH, cnoco6
06pam;eHHS1 co MHOH ,noJI)l(eH noKaJaTh Q:>paHu;yJaM, qTo
HM Ha.z:i;eSITbCSI He Ha qTo; )l(eJiaIO OT6HTh OXOTY (degoiiter)
y Tex Q:>paHQY30B, KOTOp1>1e y)l(e B PoccHH HJIH KOTOphle
XOTeJIH 61>1 CIO,na npHexaTb».
KoeapHoii TaKTHKH TyT, eepoSITHo, He 61>mo, HO 3MHr-
paHThl HeCKOJihKO Ha,noeJIH H B IleTep6ypre. B repMaH-
CKHX CTpaHax HacKyqHJIH HX npoc1>6bl 0 IlOMep)l(Ke. 0,nHO
,neJio npHHIJ; KoH,ne, npHHHMaIOm;Hii y ce6S1 B lliaHTHJihH,
.z:i;o peeoJIIOIJ;HH, eeponeiicKHX MOHapxoe; ,npyroe .z:i;eJio
npHHIJ; KoH,ne, npocS1m;Hii B BeHe o cy6CH)J;HH. MoHMopaH-
CH, yqHTeJib Q:>paHI\Y3CKoro Sl3bIKa B JloH,noHe, He TO, qTo
"37
 MoHMopaHcH B BepcaJie - nepBbIH 6apoH xpHCTHaHCKOH
3Il0XH (XOTb nepBblM 6apOHOM OH OCTaJICH H BHe Bep-
caJIH). EBpona He nepeHOCHT «cou;HaJibHoro .z:i;erpa,llllpo-
Ba.HbH» B JaTH:>KHOM BHJJ;e. B PoccHH 6hmo, BOJMO:>KHO, H
He coBceM TaK. C. P. BopmmoB o.z:i;Ha:>K,nbI cKaJaJI caMOMY
rpa<l>y .z:i:'ApTya, 6paTy JIFo.z:i;oBHKa XVI: «qeJIOBeK, B lKH-
Jiax KOTOporo Te'leT KpOBb reHpHxa IV, He .l1:0JI:>KeH IIO-
npomaiiHH'laTb, - Ha.no c OPY:>KHeM B PYKaX 6opoTbCH Ja
CBOH npaBa!..» Ho 3Ta BbIXO.z:i;Ka 6hma, no-BH.z:i;HMOMy,
HCKmo11eHHeM. B .z:i;eiiCTBHTeJibHOCTH, B PoccHH npoIIIJia
Mo.n;a Ha 3MHrpaHTOB. Co BCeM TeM :>KaJIOBaTbC.sI MHOrHM
HJ HHX HHKaK He npHXO.z:i;HJIOCb. HeKOTOpbie noJiy'IHJIH B
no.z:i;apoK HMeHHH. IlOJIHHMllGI, llyaJeJIH, 3CTepraJH CTa-
JIH noMell{HKaMH KHeBcKoii, BoJlbIHCKOH ry6epHHii. lipoii,
JlaH:>KepoH, JlaM6ep, 0TmnaH, KeHCOHHa 6bIJIH Ja'IHcJie-
HbI B pyCCK)'IO apMmo. repu;or PmneJibe IIOJiyqHJI mpa-
CHpCKHH IIOJIK.
0 He.z:i;oJiroM u;apcrBoBaHHH IlaBJia IlerpoBH'la pac-
npocrpaIDITbCH He npHXO.z:i;HTCH. 11MeHHo B 3T}' nopy Boitc-
Ka npHHD,a KoH.z:i;e npHIIIJIH B Poccmo. Ha HX .z:i;omo Bbma-
JIO MHOro 6e.z:i;, HO TaKoBa :>Ke 6bIJia B TO u;apCTBOBaHHe
cy.z:i;h6a KopeHHbIX pyccKHX mo.z:i;eit PHmeJihe .z:i;JIH Ha11ana
IlOJIY'IHJI reHepaJibCKHH 'IHH, JaTeM 6bIJI OTCTaBJieH OT
CJiy:>K6bI, CHOBa npHHHT, CHOBa OTCTaBJieH, - «OH HC'lep-
naJI Ha ce6e Bee BH.n;bI HeMHJIOCTH», - KpaTKO coo6maeT
JlaH:>KepoH. «Je n'ai pas d'autre desir que d'etre yBoJieH le
plus tot possible»·, -IIHcaJI PaJYMOBCKOMY caM PHmeJihe.
)l{eJiaHHe ero 11epeJ HeKoTopoe BpeMH HcnoJIHHJIOCb. KaK-
TO B oKpecTHOCTn IleTep6ypra npoHJomen no:>Kap; PH-
meJibe co CBOHMH KHpacepaMH «CaMOBOJibHO» OTnpaBHJI-
C.sI TymHTb - H IlOJIY'IHJI 'IHCTYJO OTCTaBKy.
OH ocTaJICH 6e3 rpoma, JKHJI Ha rroJITopa <l>pamca B
.n;eHb. TeM He MeHee MbICJib o BOJBpameHHH Ha po.n;HHy He
npHXo.z:i;HJia eMy B roJioBy. Co6CTBeHHo, BepHyrbCSI BO
<l>paHu;mo Y:>Ke 6hIJIO MO)f{lIO: peBOJIIOu;HSI KOH11HJiaCb,
cTpaHoii rrpaBHJI reHepan liouarrapT.
0THomeHHe 3MHrpaHTOB-pOHJIHCTOB K HanoJieoHy -
crpaHHu;a HcTopHH JaMe11aTeJlbHaS1. HeK0Top1>1e HJ HHX
npeKpaCHO IlOHHMaJIH, 'ITO OH llOJIO:>KHJI KOHeu peBOJilO-
u;HH - H c.z:i;eJiaJI 3TO ropaJ;:(O YMHee H HCKYCHee, 'leM
npe.z:i;noJiaraJIH H TIUeTHO CTapaJIHCb c.z:i;eJiaTb OHH. «Ilpe-
3Hparo mo.z:i;eii, KOTOpbie IlbITalOTCH OrpHu;aTb .uymeBHyro

• «Y MCHll HCT HHOro lKCJlaHHll, lpOMC ni: 6brI'b YJIOJlCHHhlM JraK MOlKHO
6blcrpee» ( (/Jp.).

38
CHJIY H BOeHHbIH reHlrn :noro He06bIKHOBeHHOrO 'le.JIOBe-
Ka, - llilCaJI B 1808 ro.ny nerHTHMHCT H3 JierIITHMHCTOB
rpa$ ,n;e ,D;aMa. - Ax, 0T11ero OH He Byp6oH! C xaxHM
BOCToproM g IlOCB.HTHJI 6bl CBOIO )KH3Hb CJiy)K6e B apMHH
no.u ero pyxoBo,UCTBOM. obITb BparoM CBOHX cooTe'lecT-
BeHHHKOB - Ca.Masi XYAIIIaM YlJaCTb, KOTOpa.a MO>KeT no-
CTHrffYTb $pam~y3a. Ho SI He Mory CJIYIKHTb 'leJIOBexy, He
npHHa,UJiexcameMy K po.uy MOHX IlOBeJIHTeJieH, XOTb OH H
B TblCji'IY pa3 TaJiaHTJIHBee, 11eM JIIO,UH, 6bIBUIHe MOHMH
IlOBeJIHTeJijlMH)) •..
PHllleJibe TaKHX MLICJieH He BbICKaJblBaJI. MoxceT
6b1Tb, H OH .UYMaJI Tax )Ke. Cxopee, no caMoH npe:po.ue
cBoeii: OH 6bIJI Hecnoco6eH K KpJToii nepeMeHe B .nenax H
B3rm1,n;ax - He 6LIJI HaCTO~ IlOJIHTH'lecKHM .n;eSITe-
JieM. B cBoii narepb noTep.aJI Bepy, HO B .upyroii nepexo-
.D:HTL He >Kena.JI. KoHe'IHo, rrpH HexoTopoii HaCToii'IHBOCTH
OH Mor BepHJTbCSI Ha $pamzy3CKYIO CJiy)K6y. BonanapT B
CHHIOIO KpOBb He BepHJI HHMaJIO, HO no IlOJIHTH'lecKHM
npH'IHHaM CTapa.ncSI npH6JIH3HTb K ee6e po,UOBYIO 3HaTb.
0$HIUlaJibHO (.uo o6meii aMHHCTHH 6 $Jiopea.nsi X ro.na)
Bee OCTaBa.JIOCb IlO-CTapOMJ, 'IJTb TOJlbKO He KaK npH
Po6ecnbepe: $paHQYJCKHe 3MHrpaHTbI, «IIO.llHSIBnme pyxy
Ha po,UHHJ», C'IHTaJIHCb CTpamHblMH npecTynHHKaMH H
3Jio.uesiMH. B .ueiicTBHTeJibHocm no11TH Ka:>K,UbIH, KTO xo-
Ten, Mor 6e3 oco6blx TPY.llHOCTeii npHexaTL BO <l>paHllHIO.
HanoneoH (caM 11yTb He CTaBIUHii 3MHrpaHTOM) OTJIH'IHO
3Ha.JI, 'ITO eMY CJIJ)KaT Ha OTBeTCTBeHHbIX ,UOJI)KHOCTll He
TaKHe npeCTynHHKH H 3JIO.D:eH ( 'lero CTOHJI O,ZJ;HH <l>yme!).
0THOCHJICjl OH K BOeHHbIM TaJiaHTaM OtPHI~epoB apMHH
KoH,Ue c HeKOTopoii HpOHHeii, HO Bpa:>K,ne6HbIX 'IYBCTB K
3MHrpalUIH y Hero He 6bIJIO.
PHIUeJibe c11en Bee >Ke B03MO>KHbIM HeHa.uonro C'be3-
.D:HTL B napmx: Ha,UO 6bIJIO .no6HTbCSI B03BpameHHjf OCTaT-
KOB HMJmecTBa. no eeHaryC-KOHCYJibTY 6 tPJIOpea.JI.H, 3MH-
rpaHTaM B03Bpama.nocb TO HMymecTBO HX, KOTOpoe no-
cne KOHtPHCKallHH He 6bIJIO npo.n;aHO rocy.napCTBOM 11aCT-
HbIM JIHQaM. Ho o6cTaBJieHo 3TO 61>mo HenpH.HTHLIMH
$opMa.JibHbIMH ycJIOBH.HMH (npH3HaHHe HOBOrO CTpO.H H
T . .u.). PuIUeJibe H,ZJ;TH Ha HHX He XOTeJI, H, IIO-BB.D:HMOMy,
B napH>Ke 3Ta BCTOpHSI npBmma xapaxTep .D:OBOJibHO
xypLe3HbIH. CaM PBIUeJlbe K Hanoneoey He SIBJISIJICSI, HO
ero )KeHa c.nena.na BH3HT )1(03e$HHe. no .no6poTe cBoeii,
)1(03e1fmHa HeH3MeHHo XJionoTana nepe.n MJ:>KeM 3a Bcex
3MHrpaHTOB. B.no6aBox, xax y 6onbIUHHCTBa He3HaTHbIX
.n;BOp.HH, apHCTOKpaTH3M y Hee 6blJI CJia60CTblO; BepOSITHO,
39
eH 6bIJIO neCTHO, 'ITO K HeH o6pamaeTCSI 3a npoTeKQHeH
repQorHHSI Pmnenbe, ,n;O'lb repQora Pomemyapa.
Co cBoeH cTopoHbI, PHmenbe nomen Ha ycTynKH -
HanHcan nHCbMO TaneHpaHy, TO)l(e ,n;oBonbHO xypbe3Hoe
no <PopMe. 06a OHH npHHa,l(Jle)l(anH K O,ll;HOMY Kpyry
cTapoH 3HaTH, o6a Bb1pocnH npH BepcanbcKoM ,n;Bope, HO
Tenepb O,ll;HH 6bIJI «rocy.n;apCTBeHHblH npecTynHHK», a .llPY-
roii - «peBonIOQHOHHbIH MHHHCTp». HanoneoH eme Ha
npecTon He BCTynHn, <PopMynhI H 3THKeT peBonIOQHH noKa
OCTaBanHCb B CHne. PHmenbe, O'leBH,ll;HO, He )Kenan HM
cne,n;oBaTb; TaneiipaH HHKaK He Mor 6e3 HHx o6oiiTHCb.
CaM co6oii HaMenrncSI KOMnpoMHCC. PHmenbe Ha'IHHaeT
IlHCbMO c o6pameHHSI «rpa)l(,ZJ;aHHH MHHHCTp», HO He-
CKOnbKO .n;anbme BCKOnb3b BCTaBnSieT «Bame IlpeBOCXO-
,ll;HTenbCTBO». 3aKOH'IHTb OH He MO)l(eT HH KaKHM-nH6o H3
Tex QBeTHCTbIX npHBeTCTBHH, KOTOpbIMH o6a OHH nonb30-
BanHCb B JlHH CBOeii BepcanbCKOH MOnO,ll;OCTH (H KOTOpbie
CHO Ba BOlIInH B o6pameHHe HeCKOnbKO 003,ZJ;Hee), UH 06-
menpHHSITbIM peBOnlOQHOHHbIM npHBeTOM: nonaranocb
nHcaTh: «Salut et fraternite»* (3TY <PopMyny H3o6pen e
1793 ro.n;y Orn). PHmenbe - Bepo.SITHO, nocne .n;onrnx
xone6aHHH H pa3MbimneHHH - HanHcan: «Salut et
respect» ... bbITb MO)l(eT, 6paTCTBO B OTHOlIIeHH.SIX c nIO.llb-
MH 6onhme 6bIJIO CBOHCTBeHHO eMy, 'leM O'leHb MHOrHM
peeonIOQHOHepaM. Ho uanHcaTb 3TO cnoBo 6bIJIO HeBo3-
MO)l(HO.
IlpH no.ll,ll;ep)l(Ke Taneiipaua H pyccKoro noBepeHuoro
B .n;enax KonbI'IOBa OH CBoero .n;o6HncSI. 0,n;HaKo o nocTy-
nneHHH Ha <l>paHQY3CKYJO cny)l(6y He 6bIJIO H pe'IH, -
«OT'lero OH He Byp6ou?». B cy.llb6e PHmenbe, xaK B cy,n;b6e
PoccHH, npoH3omna eme .n;o Toro C'laCTnHBa.SI nepeMeHa.
Ha npecTon BCTy1rnn HMnepaTop AneKcaH.llP I. B .SIHBape
1803 ro.n;a HMnepaTOpCKHM npHKa30M «,ZJ;IOK 3MMaHyHn
OcHnOBH'I .n;e PHmenhe» 6hln Ha3Ha'leH rpa,n;oHa'lanbHH-
KOM O.n;ecchI.

x.
JleToM 1789 ro.lla IloTeMKHH npe,n;nHcan BHQe-a,n;MHpa-
ny .llC PH6acy H3Y'IHTb 6epera l.Jepuoro MOpsl' K BOCTOKY H
K 3ana.n;y OT O'laKoBa. 0.n;ua H3 Bb1cnaHHbIX PH6acoM

• «IlpHBeT H 6paTCTBO» (ifjp.).

•• «IlpHBeT H YJlalKCHHe» ( ifjp.).

40
 He6oJiblllHX 3Kcne.n;HQHH, no.n; KOMaH.n;oii KannTaHa Ap-
Ky.n;uHcKoro, Ha6pena Ha MaJieHbKYJO KpenoCTb Xa,Z:VKH-
Eeii, HMeBillYIO c .n;aBHHX nop penyTaQHIO pa36oiiHH'lhero
rHe3.n;a. BoKpyr KpenocTH 6hma nycTbIH}l, HO He 011eHb
,D;aJieKO OTTy.n;a npOXO,lJ;HJia .n;opora, no KOTOpoii IllJIH
«KapaBaHbI» H3 IloJiblilH u Poccuu B TypQHIO. Tenepb 3TO
3BY'IHT 3a6aBHO, - TOr.n;a 06 3THX MeCTax rOBOpHJIH KaK
0 npepH}lX, HaCeJieHHblX KOMaH'laMH HJIH CHyKCaMH. )l;e
Pu6ac o6paTHJI BHHMaHue Ha nonocy 6epera y Xa,Z:VKH-
Ee}l: BOT r.n;e 6b1 yCTpoHTb nopT! 3Ha}l nio6oBb IloTeM-
KHHa K HOBblM ropo.n;aM, .n;a ell.\e nopTOBbIM, OH pelilHJI
3axBaTHTb KpenocTb. Ona u 6b1Jia B3}1Ta 14 ceHn16-
p.si:, npu11eM y6HTO 6bIJIO B pyccKOM OTp}l,D;e Il}lTb 11e-
JIOBeK.
HaceJieHne u pa3MepbI KpenocTH 6bIJIH HeBeJIHKH:
BOKpyr yKpenJieHH}l 6bIJIO pa36pocaHO HeCKOJibKO .n;eC}lT-
KOB XH)J(HH, HaceJieHHblX TaTapaMH, eBpe}lMH, rpeKaMH H
an6am~aMH. IIacJIHCb Ta6yHbI .n;HKHX noma.n;eii. TeM He
MeHee pelileHo 6bIJIO HaHMeHoBaTb Xa.n;)J(H-Eeii ropo.n;oM.
0TTOfO JIH, 'ITO KpenoCTb 6blJia O,lJ;HHM H3 IlOCJie,D;HHX
3aBOeBaHHH IloTeMKHHa, HJIH no .n;pyroii npH'IHHe, HM-
nepaTpHQa EKaTepuHa OTHecnacb K Heii c oco6oii 3a60T-
JIHBOCTb10. 0.n;Ha)J()J;bl Ha npH,D;BOpHOM 6any KaKOH-TO
neTep6yprcKnii aKa.n;eMHK Bbipa3HJI MHeHHe, 'ITO Xa.n;)J(H-
Eeli - Heno.n;xO,D;}lll.\ee Ha3BaHHe .n;nsi pyccKoro ropo.n;a; B
.n;peBHOCTH )J(e 6bIJI B6JIH3H 3Toro MeCTa 3JIJIHHCKHH ropo-
,lJ;OK 0.n;eccoc, HJIH 0.n;uccoc, HJIH Op.n;uccoc. MMnepaTpH-
Qe 3TO noHpaBHJIOCb, - TaK H Ha.n;o Ha3BaTb: O.n;ecc.
raJiaHTHbIH aKa,D;eMHK, 'leJIOBeK npH,D;BOpHbIH, B03pa3HJI:
Tor.n;a He 0.n;ecc, a 0.n;ecca, u6o npucoe.n;nHeH ropo.n; K
Poccuu He npu HMnepaTope, a npu HMnepaTpHQe. 0.n;ec-
coi{ Xa.n;)J(H-Eeii H Ha3BaJIH. TaK, no KpaHHeii Mepe,
o6'b}lCH}leT Ha3BaHHe ropo.n;a Hau6onee npaB.n;ono.n;o6HbIH
paccKa3.
PnlileJibe 6blJI Ha3Ha11eH rpa.n;oHa'laJibHHKOM - no
6oJiee CTapoH, B03pO,D;HBIIleHCSI npH 60JiblileBHKax, TepMH-
HOJIOfHH - «rpa)J(,D;aHCKHM KOMHCCapOM». rpa,D;OHa'laJib-
HHK 6bIJI, ropo.n;a He 6bmo. HaceneHHe K 1803 ro.n;y He-
CKOJibKO yBeJIH'IHJIOCb, HO no'leMy-To B Xa.n;)J(H-EeH C'be3-
)J(aJIHCb H3 BCex CTpaH no.n;OHKH 06ll.\eCTBa. «3TO pecny6-
JIHKa )J(YJIHKOB», - nucan Peliu, noceTHBIIlHH JO)l(Hyio
POCCHIO B 1803 ro.n;y. «fIOMOHHa.sI .S!Ma EBponbl», - Bcno-
MHHaeT rpaclJ JlaH)l{epoH. TaKoH 3acTaJI 0.n;eccy PnlileJibe.
rpa,D;OHa'laJibHHKOM, nOTOM BOeHHbIM ry6epHaTOpOM
Bceii HoBopoccHH OH npo6bIJI o.n;uHHa.n;QaTb JieT. Kor.n;a
41
OH IIOKHHYJI Poccmo, 0.necca 6blJia 11pe:rcpacH1>IM 6naro-
ycrpoeHHblM eBpOIICHCKHM ropO,llOM, c raBaHblO, Topro-
Bbrii o6opoT KOTOpoii ,llOXO.llHJI ,llO 30 MHJIJIHOHOB py6neii
B ro,ll - cyMMa 110 TCM BpeMeHaM orpOMHaJI.
Ky:meUK, MarHHToropcK, - KaKyw peKJiaMy Ha Beeb
MHp CYMeJIH ycrpoHTb ce6e 6oJibIIIeBHKH H3 3THX HOBbIX
ropo.nos! «Ha 110Jie H3 HH'lero C03.llaJIH ropo.n», <<Ja
15 JieT BbICTpOHJIH 60JibIIIe, 'leM 6blJIO BbICTPOeHO B
PoccHH .no coBeTCKOH peBOJIIOIUIH 3a IIOJITopa BeKa», -
Mbl 3TO 'IHTaeM He TOJibICO B «Ilpas.ne», H BepHT 3TOMY
HCICpeHHo He TOJibKO Jie.nH Acrop: .nomKHO 6b1Tb, BepHT
H BCJI coBeTc1CaJ1 MOJIO.lle:lKb. Pa3}'MeeTcJI, TPaTJITCJI Ha
3TH MarHHToropcICH MHJIJIHapJlbI. 0.necca :lKe 6blJia Bbl-
crpoeHa 6yICBaJibHO Ha rpoIIIH. Ilpas.na, IIOKYIIHaJI cno-
co6HocTb ,lleHer 6bIJia B TY 11opy He HDIHeIIIH.SUI. B O.llBOM
CTapoM c6opHHICe MHe IIOIIaJIHCb BOCIIOMHHaHH.51 HeICoero
liopHHeBH'la; OH :lKHJI B O.necce 6onee CTOJICTHJI TOMY
Ha3a,Il H 3a KOMHaTY H CTOJI B CeMbe 'IHHOBHHKa IlJiaTHJI
B MCCJI.U ,nBa py6JI.51 cepe6poM! Ho H c 3TOH nonpaBl'.OH
Y.nHBJIJieIIIbCJI, ICa:KHe HH11TO:ZH1>1e cpe.ACTBa oTnycxanHci.
PHIIICJibe: 17 TbICJl'I py6neii, 32 Tbl~'IH py6neii, 120
TblCJl'I py6neil H T • .n.
Ilepe'IHCJIJllO TOJlbJ.'.0 rnaBHoe H3 Toro, 'ITO 6DIJIO c.ne-
JiaHo npH HeM B 0.necce: npono:zeHo MHO:>KeCTBO yJIHn, B
50 <Pyros IIIHpHHOH Ka)l(.L(aH, pa36HTbI C8.Llbl·, BbICTJ>OCHbl
co6op, CTapoo6pJI,ll'ICCKa.R '18COBHJI, KaTOJIHtJeCKaJI nep-
KOBb, CHHarora, ,nBe 6oJII>HH:uLI, TeaTp, Ka3apMbI, pblHOK,
BO,llOCM, 6JiaropO.llHbIH BOCIIHTaTeJII>HblH HHCTHT)'T {BIIOC-
Jie,llCTBHH PHIIIeJibeBCKHH JIHue:H), KOMMep11ec1CaH rHMHa-
3HJI, IIICCTb HH3IIIHX yqe6HblX 3ase.neHHH, «pe.nyT c Ko<l>e:H-
HblM 3aBe,lleHbeM» H «IIpOMCHHaH KOHTOpa». )l;o6asmo,
'ITO eCJIH IleTep6ypr BbICTpoeH «Ha KOCTHX», TO 06 0.necce
3Toro cKa3aTb HHKaK HeJib3JI. TaM H 1Cpe110CTHblX He 6Lmo,
KaIC He 6bIJIO IlOMeIUHKOB. PHmeJibe IIOJlb30BaJICJI BOJibHO-
HaeMHbIM Tpy.noM. HeICOTOpb1e H3 ero nocTpoex cyme-
CTBYIOT H no ceH: ,neHL. CTpOHJI JIY'IIIIHe 3.llaHHJI (HJIH,
6bITb MO'.llCCT, JIHIIlb IIpHCbIJiaJI .L(JIJI HHX pHCYHKH) 3HaMe-
HHTblH apxHTeKTop ToMoH**.

' PHWeni.e nepsblit aaca.zurn B PoccHH aKaUHJO, BblllllCaB ee .H3 HTaJIHH.

" ToMa 1:ie ToMOB :>Kaa (1760- 1813) - pyccK!di apxHTenop .ppaHQ}'3CKOro
npOHCXOlK.llCHHJI. - JlpUM. pei>.

42
 Oco6eHHo H3}'MIDITbCSI BceMy :noMY He npmco,ll;HTCSI.
True :>Ke cTpOHJIHCb ropo;::i;a CeB. AMepHKH, Tax :>Ke H
Tenepb C03,ll;aHbl HCTHHHbie 'l:y,ll;eCa B roJIJiaH,llHH. Ho B
peKJiaMe HM HHKTO oco6eHHO He 3aHHTepecoBaH. 11 CTOJib
BeJIHKa B MHpe BJiaCTb HeBe)J{ecTBa, r.rrynoCTH H ,ll;eHer, 'ITO
npe,llMeTOM HCKpeHHero HJIH IlOCTpoqHoro BOCTOpra CTaJI,
B KaqecTBe «HeBepo.SITHoro ;::i;ocnraceHH.so>, EeJioMopcKHii
KaHaJI - T. e. MaCCOBOe y6HiiCTBO JilO,ll;eH, npOH3Be;::i;eH-
HOe caMbIM 6eCCTbl)l;HbIM IlO.TllmeHCKHM yqpe:>K,ll;eHHeM HC-
TOpHH.
)l{HJI PmueJILe 'l:pe3Bb1qa:HH0 cKpoMHo, B He6oJiblIIOM
.n;oMe, Ha yJIHue, Ha3BaHHOH ero HMeHeM. Pa6oTaJI OH
n;eJibIH .n;eHb, e3,ll;HJI no IlOCTpoiiKaM, npHHHMaJI IlO)l;'l:HHeH-
HblX H npOCHTeJieii, noceman npHCYTCTBeHHbie MeCTa, 3K-
3aMeHOBaJI BOCilHTaHHHKOB CBOHX yqe6HbIX 3aBe;::i;eHHH,
o61>e3:>ICaJI Kpaii, 6bIBaJI Ha apxeoJiorH11ecKHX pacKonxax.
IlonyJI.SipHOCTb ero B HoBopoccHH 6Lma coBeplIIeHHO Hc-
Kmo1111TeJI1>HaS1; 06 3TOM ecTb CBH,ll;eTeJibCTBa, HCXO)l;.SllI.J;He
OTHIO)l;b He H3 ocpHI.J;HaJibHbIX HCT011HHKOB. OH OXOTHO
noceman ManeHbKHe ee11epa B 'l:aCTHbIX .n;oMax H B «pe;::i;y-
Te», npHHHMaJI yqaCTHe B ,ll;OMalIIHHX 11TeHHSIX-KOHI.J;epTax.
IlporpaMMa o;::i;Horo H3 TaKHx eeqepoB .n;o Hae ;::i;olIIJia c
HMeHaMH BceX yqacTHHKOB. Ilo-BH,ll;HMOMy, B 60JiblIIHHCT-
Be 3To 6bmH KYIIIJ;bI pa3HhIX Han;HOHaJibHOCTeH: O;::i;ec-
CbI - e.n;sa JIB JIIO.ll:H 011eH1> KYJibTYPHhle, - H o6cTaHOBKa,
.n;oJI:>ICHO 6LITb, Mano HanoMHHaJia BepcaJib. Ho 6bIB-
IIIHH nepei.m KaMeprep JIIo,noBHKa XVI o Bepcane 11
.n;YMaTb 3a6LIJI. OH BceH: .n;ymoii ymeJI B csoii ropo.n. 113
IIHceM ero BH.llHO, 'ITO OH no-HaCTOSIII.J;eMY BJII06KJICSI B
0.neccy. BoeHHa.SI cJiy:>IC6a He rrpHHecna Pnmenbe HH'l:ero,
KpOMe ropSI H pa3011apoBaHHH. B nepBbIH pa3 B )ICH3HH OH
Terrepb 33HHMaJICSI MHpHbIM KYJibTYPHbIM .neJIOM, KOTOpoe
.n;ano eMy rroJIHoe ;::i;ymesHoe y.n;oBJieTsopeHHe. R He xoqy
CKa3aTb, 'ITO reHepan-ry6epHaTOpbl po:llC,!1;alOTCSI H 'ITO
PmneJii.e po;::i;HJICSI reHepaJI-ry6epHarnpoM. Ho 3TOT 'leJio-
seK, co'leTaBillHH YM c KpOTOCTbIO, 3Heprn10 c eepoH: B
Tpy.n, BCl-0 )KH3Hb TOJibKO 06 O,ll;HOM H Me'ITaJI: C03,ll;aBaTb.
He y,n;aJIOCb eMy HH'lero c.n;eJiaTb AA.SI <I>paHI.J;HH, rro'ITH
HH'lero AA.SI cppaHI.J;y3CKOH 3MHrpan;HH. OH Terrepb pa6oTaJI
,ll;JISI 'ly:>Koro aapo;::i;a: BMeCTo BepcaJISI H Ko6JieHn;a oKa3a-
Jiacb - O;::i;ecca.

43
 XI.

0Te11ecTBeHHaS1 BOHHa .n:omKHa 6h1Jia nocTaBHTh Pmne-

Jihe B HeJierKoe noJIO)l(eHHe. K0He11no, on y)l(e .n:aBHO 6bm
«3MManyHJI 0CHilOBH'I», reHepaJI-JieiiTeHaHT pyccKOH
CJiy)l(6bI, npaBHTeJih orpOMHOH npOBHHQHH, OKa3aBIIIHH
HeoQeHHMbie ycJiyr.H PoccHH. MMrrepaTop AJieKcaH.n:p
O''leHh ero mo6HJI .H roBopHJI IIIYTJIHBO, 'ITO 06S13aH Be11-
Hoii 6Jiaro.n:apHOCThlO <l>paHQY3CKOH peBOJIIOQHH: OHa
.n:aJia eMy TaKHX JI10.n:eii, KaK PHIIIeJihe. Co BCeM TeM
PHIIIeJibe 6b1JI <l>paHQy3.
B «BonHe H M.Hpe» )1{10JIH Kapar.HHa n.HIIIeT KHSl)l(He
Mapbe Ha 3a6aBHOM, .n:ocJIOBHO nepeBe.n:eHHOM c <l>paH-
QY3CKoro Sl3hIKe: <<.51 BaM IIHIIIY 110-pyccKH, Moii .n:o6phIH
.n:pyr' IlOTOMY 'ITO SI HMeIO HeHaBHCTb KO BceM <l>paHQy3aM,
paBHO H K Sl3hIKY HX, KOTOpbIH SI He Mory CJibIIIIaTb
roBop.HTh. Mhl B MocKBe Bee BOCTOp)l(eHbI 11epe3 3HTY-
3Ha3M K HaIIIeMy o6o)l(aeMoMy HMnepaTopy» .•• TaK 6hIJIH
HacTpoeHbI B 1812 ro.n:y no11TH Bee, H noJIO)l(eH.He <l>paH-
QY3CKHX o<l>HQepoB pyccKOH cJiy)l(6bI OKa3aJIOCh, ecTeCT-
BeHHO, He H3 caMhIX npHSITHbIX.
repQOrHHSI PHIIIeJibe B CBOHX BOCilOMHHaHHSIX 0 My-
)l(e roBOp.HT, 'ITO OH HH 3a 'ITO He XOTeJI BOeBaTh co
CBOHMH COOTe'leCTBeHHHKaMH: IlOTOMY H npHHSIJI B CBOe
BpeMSI, BMecTo 11pe.n:JiaraB1IIerocS1 eMy BOeHHoro nocTa,
Ha3Ha'leHHe B 0.n:eccy, 'IT06hI He npOJIHBaTb <l>paHQY3C-
KOH KpOBH. 3To coBepIIIeHHO HeBepHo. HeKOTOpble 3MH-
rpaHThI (HarrpHMep, rpa<l> TyJiy3-JloTpeK) 6hIJIH .n:eiicT-
BHTeJihHO TaK HacTpoeHbI. Ho PHIIIeJibe K HX 11.HcJiy He
np.HHa.n:Jie)l(aJI. Cpa)l(aJICSI OH npoTHB <l>paHQ.H.H B 1793-
1794 ro.n:ax, roTOB 6bIJI H .n:a)l(e, MO)l(HO CKa3aTb, )l(a)l(-
.n:aJI BOeBaTb H B 1812-M. flo IlHCbMaM ero H IlOCTynKaM
BH.D:HO, 'ITO OH B nopy 0Te'leCTBeHHOH BOHHbl 6hIJI TaK
)Ke «BOCTOp)l(eH 11epe3 3HTY3Ha3M», KaK )1{10JIH KaparH-
Ha. )J;JISI 3Toro .n:o6poro, M.HpOJII06.HBoro 11eJI0BeKa Ha-
noJieoH, BOilJIOI.QeHHe BOHHbl, .n:aBHO y)l(e CTaJI HeKOTO-
pbIM no.n:o6HeM AHT.HxpucTa. TiocJie Eopo.n:HHCKoro
cpa)l(eH.HSI PHIIIeJibe, BecbMa 3.n:paBo .H Tpe3BO (B OT-
JIH'IHe OT 6oJiblIIHHCTBa COBpeMeHHHKOB) pacQeHHBaSI
TPY.D:HOe CTpaTerH'leCKOe IlOJIO)l(eirne <l>paHQY3CKOH ap-

44
 MHH, O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO BbieKa3bIBaeT eOMHeHHe, qeJIOBeK
JIH HanoJieoH HJIH eymeeTBO noTyeTopoHHee: eeJIH OH
qeJIOBeK, TO BOif.n;eT B MoeKBY H TaM IIOrH6HeT, - HO
qTo, eeJIH OH He qeJIOBeK?
c BHeurneif eTOpOHbl, BO BeSIKOM eJiyqae, 6bIJIO TYT H
eTpaHHoe, H eMellIHoe: reHepaJI no <i>aMHJIHH PmueJibe
npH3bIBaJI :>KHTeJieif HoBopoeeHifexoro xpa.H «SIBHTb ee6S1
HeTHHHbIMH poeeHSIHaMH» B 6opb6e e HallleeTBHeM <i>paH-
U:Y30B. Ho B HeKpeHHOeTH BOJIHeHHSI «.D;IOKa» eOMHeBaTbeSI
HeJib3SI. IlepBoe ero .n;eJio B 1812 ro.n;y; OH :>KeprnyeT eBOH
e6epe:>KeHHSI, Bee, qTo y Hero 6bmo, 40 Tble.Hq py6Jieif, Ha
.n;eJio o6opoHbI. Bee ero nHebMa roBop.HT 06 o.n;HoM: xax
6bI IIOJiyqHTb Ha3HaqeHHe Ha 6oeBOH noeT, KaK, XOTb B
MaJIOH Mepe, enoeo6eTBOBaTb nopa:>KeHHIO .D;bSIBOJia? EeJIH
He OIIIH6aIOeb (BIIOJIHe npoBepeHHblX eBe.n;eHHH SI He Ha-
llleJI), OH C'be3,ll;HJI B 11eTep6ypr, yqaeTBOBaJI B KaKOM-TO
BOeHHOM eoBeTe, qTo-To npeMaran. Ha3HaqeHHSI Ha
qipoHT OH He noJiyqHJI: B O.n;eeee HaqaJiaeb CTpa1IIHaS1
:nrn.n;eMHSI qyMbI. HaqaJibHHK xpa», eeTeeTBeHHO, .n;omKeH
6bIJI oeTaTbeSI Ha eBOeM noeTy.
Ha 3TOM noeTy PHllleJihe H oeTaBaJie.H eme .n;Ba ro.n;a,
IlOKa3bIBaSI qy.n;eea paenopSl,ll;HTeJibHOeTH, .n;o6pOTbl H ca-
MOOTBep:>KeHHSI. OH oxoHqaTeJibHO noxopHJI eep.n;u;a MeeT-
HbIX ')l(HTeJieif. «B 0.n;eeee :>KHBeT TpH.n;u;aTb Tble.Slq qeJIOBeK
H Bee 6e3 HeKJJIOqeHHSI o6o:>KalOT ,ll;IOKa», - nHeaJI O,ll;HH
H3 eoBpeMeHHHKOB. 3ae3:>KHe eTOJIHqHbie JIIO,ll;H 6bIBaJIH,
IlO-BH,ll;HMOMy, He)J,OBOJibHbl ero .n;eMOKpaTH3MOM: XO,ll;HT
nelIIKOM B CTapeHbKOH IIIHHeJIH, xopOHHT XOJiepHbIX, noce-
maeT rpeqeeKHe H eBpeifeKHe JiaBKH, KpeeTbSIHeKHe H36bI,
3anpoeTo 6eee.n;yeT e xo3SieBaMH, paeenpa1IIHBaS1 HX o
.n;eJiax, 6hrnaeT Ha BeqepHHKax y xynu;oB!.. HeeMoTpSI Ha
eTapeHbKYIO IIIHHeJib, BHA y Hero 6bIJI rpaHeeHbepeKHH.
«Beer.n;a oeTaBaJieSI repu;oroM .n;e PHllleJibe!» - nHllleT
CHxap.
CaM OH TaK:>Ke oqeHb JII06HJI HaeeJieHHe eBoero xpa».
«OH eJIHIIIKOM o.n;eccHT» ( «trop Odessois»), - 3aMeqaJIH
Heo.n;o6pHTeJibHO HHbie. Oeo6eHHO BoexHmaJIH PHllleJibe
Ka3aKH. IlpaB.n;a, rOBOpHT OH 0 HHX npH6JIH3HTeJibHO TaK,
xax Mor 6b1 roBopHTb o naTaroHu;ax: «KaxHe yMHHU:bI! He
HMeIOT HHKaKoro npe.n;eTaBJieHHSI 0 KOMnaee, HO B eTeilSIX
06xo.n;S1TeS1 6e3 Hero, 6e30IIIH6oqHo opHeHTHpyioTeSI no
45
JBeJ,naM». ToT )J(e TOH MarenJiaHa Ha <l>wnmmrncxHx
OCTJJOBax nopOIO CKR3b1BaeTC.SI H B ero OTHOIIIeHHH K
rypxaM, x TaTapaM. Ilo.n AxxepMaHoM nneHHhIH nama
nonpOCHJI PmneJibe, B BH.ZJ:e JilfllHoro eMy O.llOJI)J(eHH.SI,
oTpy6HTb ronoBy npOBHHHemeMyCSt nepeBOJl'IHKy. Pmne-
Jlbe HeBOJMYTHMO OTBeTHJI, 'ITO eceii JtYIIIOH pa,n; 6L1
c.nenaTL :ny ue6oJibWYJO politesse•, HO no Jaxoey ne
HMeeT Ha TO npaBa.
OH MHoro nYTemecTBOBa.JI no JO)ICHOii PoccHH, BCe
BOCTOpra.SICb ee xpacoTaMH. c
HeKOTOpbIM npaBOM MO)KHO
YTBep)K)J;aTL, 'ITO HMemIO PumeJibe (ecJIH He c1111TaTh no-
nyMmp1111ecxHx reHy3Jl.(ee H A$aHacru1 HHKHTHHa) oT-
KpbIJI .SIJITy, ryp3y$, JlnBa,nmo. B ryp3y$e OH npHo6pen
y'laCToK JeMJIH - enocne)lCTBHH HJBeCTHoe HMeHHe Bo-
poHl.(OBhIX - JI BblCTj)OHJI TaM AA.SI ce6.SI ,na'ly. Ilo3,nHee
rrpo.nan ee rro He.noCTaTKY cpe,n;CTB. CocTo.S1mu1 OH B Poc-
CHH He Ha:>KHJI... Me:>K.ZJ:y TeM l.(eHbl Ha JeMJIIO e IO)ICHOH
PoccHH 6naro.nap.SI ero xyJihTYPHOH pa6oTe no,n;H.SIJIHCL
qy,noe11mHo: rro.n 0,neccoii .nec.SITHHa npH ero BCTynne-
HHH B ,D;OJI:>KHOCTb llIJla no 80 xoneeK, a K KOHl.(y ero
npe6LJBaHH.SI Ha ,D;OIDKHOCTH ITJiaTHJIH ~eJILIX .neeHa,[Ul,aTh
py6Jieii!

xn.
H HaI<oHel.(, CJiy'IHJIOCh To, 'ITO caMH 3MHrpaHThl
CKJIOHHhI 6blJIH Tor.n:a C'IHTaTL lJY.lJ.OM! BoeHHoe C'laCTLe
HJMeHHJIO HanoneoHy. B p.SIJlaX paJHLIX espone:RcxHX ap-
MHii BXOJlHJIH OHH BO <l>paHl.(HIO.
Bxo.nnnH c caMLIMH pa3HhIMH 'IYBCTBaMH. «Mep3aBl.(bl
OCTaJIHCb BO <l>pam~HH, IIOJIOYMHhle 3MHrpHpOBaJIH», -
ITHcan xor.na-To PocTOIT'lllH, rnaem.1ii pyccxHii HeHaBHCT-
HHK 3MHrpaHTOB, .na H $paH~OB eoo6me. 0Ka3aJIOCL, He
Bee OCTaBIIlHeC.SI BO <l>paH~HH - Mep3aBl.(bl H He Bee
3MRrpaHTbl - IIOJIOYMHble. lihIJIH H TaKHe, 'ITO, no CJIOBY
TOKBHJI.SI, «XOTeJIH BOCCTaHOBHTb CTapbIH CTJJOH, HO noxy-

• JlJo6e3uocrb (ffip.) .
•• KTO-TO DODpocHJI y uero B3lliiMhl 'ICTblpe TLICll'IH py6nei; PH!lle.rn.e DOCJlaJI
:JTH 11.CHblll c )'lt33lUIHCM. «Dpowy eac MHC HX BCpBYfb, Tai( UIC ll 'ICJIOBCK 6eJlm,iH».
 :llCe Toro, KOTop1>1H: 61>m peeomo:n11eii pa3pyrneH». K Hx
'IHCJIY npHHa.ztJie'.lKaJI JlaH'.lKepoa. KpeCTMIHe, oTo6paemue
y Hero 3eMJIIO B Ha'laJie peBOJIIOUHH, c pa.IlOCTHbIM BH)l:OM
eMy coo6i:nHJIH, 'ITO ero necoe OHH He TPOffYJIH. «BoT H
OTJIH'IHO, 6y.n;eT Ha 'leM eac nepeeeman», - yrp10Mo
oTBeTHJI JlamrcepoH. HHKoro eemaTh eMy He np11mnoc1>.
«29 Mapra 1814 ro.n;a, - paccKa3bIBaeT Il:mro, - oe c
pycCKHM OTp~OM IlOJ(HjlJICj[ Ha MoHMapTpCKHH XOJIM H
.[(OJII'O MOJI'la CMOTpeJI Ha ropo.[(, B KOTOpOM npoIIIJia ero
MOJlO.[(OCTh, KOTOporo OH He BHJ(e.JI 25 JieT ... » Ilopeeomo-
1.UIOHHaH <l>paHI.UIH eMy, 00-BHJ(HMOM}', He IlOHpae1mac1>:
OH Haecer.n;a OCTaJIC.H e PoccHH. Ero eJ(HHOMhIIDJieHHHK H
ToeapHIIl no pyccxoii CJIYJK6e CeH-IlpH YMep 3a .l{eHh AO
BJjlTHH IlapH'.lKa.
c HHblMH 'IYBCTBaMH B03Bpam:aJIHCb .n;pyrHe 3MIIT-
paHTLI, H pa3Hb1H 6araxc MblCJieii, qyecTB, OilhlTa
BB03HJIH OHlf c co6010 - OT aHrJIHHCKOH KOHCTHTY-
UHH .l{O 6n10.n;a Welsh Rarebit•, KOTop1>1ii, no coeeprneH-
ao cepbe3HOMY O.l{06pHTeJILHOMY 3aMe'laHHIO o.nuoro
H3 HCTOpHKOB, BhIBe3 eo <l>paa:n1110 H3 Coe.n;HHeHH1>1x
IIITaToB 3HaMeHHThm racTpOHOM-3MHrpaHT EpHnLg-
CaeapeH (enpo'leM, eepHyemHiicH B napH)f( MHOro
paHbllle).
qTO JKe HMCHHO npHBe3 c co6oii IlOCJie J(OJiroro H3rHa-
ffHjJ .l{IOK 3MMaeyun OCHnoBHtI .l{e PHmeJibe? OH, eo
BCfilCOM CJIY'lae, 6bIJI 3MHrpaHT He MCTHTeJlbHbIB H He3JI0-
6HBbIH.
Ho PH11Iem,e, co6CTeeHHo, H He co6epaJicg eo3epa-
m:aTLcsr BO <l>paff:nHIO. flocne yxo.l{a AHTHXpHCTa-Hano-
JieOHa H3 POCCHH ero BOHHCTBeHHblH IlhlJI CTaJI cna6eTh.
O.n;ecCKHH BoeHHbIH ry6epHaTOp Tenepb CHOBa .ZJ;YMaJI
Tom.Ko o ceoeM Kpae. B 3TH 6ypHb1e ro.f(hl oH rroJIO:lKH-
TeJihHO 3a6paCbrnaeT HMnepaTopa AJieKcaH.l{pa .ztJIHHHeil-
mHMH o6CTOfieJibHbIMH J(OKJia,l{aMH: 0 IlOlliJIHHax, 0 6na-
roycrpoiiCTBe HoeopoccHH, o xa6oTaX<HOM nJiaeaHHH e
A3oBCKOM Mope. He coMHeeaJOch, 'ITO ArreKcaHJ(p Ilae-
noeH'I B 3TH .l{OKJlaJ(Hbie 3anHCKH H He 3arJISI.l{bIBaJ1: eMy B
1813--1814 ro,l{ax 6LIJIO He J(O Ka6oTaXCHOfO nJiaBaHHH B
A3oDCKoM Mope.

47
 KaK cnyq11noch, qTo Pmnenhe noKHHYJI Poccmo? Cpa-
3Y COIIIJIOCb HeCKOJlbKO o6CTO.sITeJibCTB. Ilo CeMeHHbIM
.uenaM OH .uonX<eH 6hIJI noceTHTb IlapHX<. KpoMe Toro,
HMnepaTop AneKcaH,up B03JIOX<HJI Ha Hero MHCCHJO xapaK-
Tepa HHTHMHOro: Ha,uo 6bIJIO Bbl.sICHHTb Bonpoc 0 B03-
MOX<HOCTH 6paKa MeX<,uy cecTpoH: HMnepaTopa H repQO-
fOM EeppHHCKHM, nneM.sIHHHKOM Jlro,uoBHKa XVIII. M
o,uHoBpeMeHHO o P1111Ienbe BcnoMHHJIH caMH Eyp6oHhI.
Ho BCilOMHHJIH He COBCeM TaK, KaK OH Mor ce6e npe.u-
CTaBHTb. )];Ba qeJIOBeKa 60JiblIIOro X<HTeHCKoro OilbITa,
o6a HacTpoeHHhie BnonHe l.lHHH11ecKH, Koponh H TaneH:paH
pelIIHJIH o6pa30BaTb «KOaJIHQHOHHbIH Ka6HHeT>> - OT
PHIIIeJibe .uo <l>y11Ie. «KpoBaBhIH nana11», KaK Ha3bIBaJIH
peBOJIJOQHOHHOro MHHHCTpa IlOJIHQHH 3MHrpaHTbl, 6bIJI
O,UHHM H3 caMblX HeHaBHCTHblX ):{JI.sl HHX JTJO,UeH. Ilpe.u-
CTaBHM ce6e ):{JI.sl cpaBHeHH.sI npaBHTeJibCTBO H3 pyccKHX
MOHapxoB-3MHrpaHTOB - c YHIIIJIHXTOM HJIH Rro.uoii BO
rnaBe O,UHOro H3 BaxrneHIIIHX MHHHCTepCTB. Ilo-BH.UHMO-
My, PH11Ienbe 6bm noTp.siceH: Jlro,uoBHK XVIII Ha3na11aeT
MHHHCTpoM 11enoBeKa, Kor.ua-To ronocoBaB11Iero B KoH-
BeHTe Ja Ka3Hh Kopon.si, ero po.unoro 6paTa! ~HHH3M H
6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTb, .uaX<e no.u BH.UOM rocy.uapCTBeHHOH
Heo6xo,UHMOCTH (HJIH oco6eHHO no.n; 3THM BH.UOM),
6bIJIH BCJO )l(Jl3Hb 'IYX<.Ubl H OTBpaTHTeJibHbl PHIIIeJibe.
OH c 6naro.uapHOCTbJO OTKJIOHHJI KoponeBcKoe npe.uno-
JKeHHe.
3a nepBbIM pa3oqapoBaHHeM nocne,n:oBanH .upyrne. He
TaK npe,ucTaBn.sin OH ce6e B03BpameHHe 3MHrpaQHH. «Ha-
IIIH .uoporHe COOTeqeCTBeHHHKH HHqeMy He Hay'IHJIHCb 3a
25 neT, - IIHCaJI PHIIIeJibe 31 .sIHBap.si 1815 ro.ua, -
HeirnBHCTh, 3no6a, HeTepnHMOCTb». Bee 3TO 6bmo TaK eMy
HeCBOHCTBeHHO. CaM OH He 11yBcTBOBan HeHaBHCTH HH K
KoMy. Cpe,uH oTo6paHHoro y Hero Kor.ua-To HMymecTBa
6hIJia BeJIHKOJienHa.sI KapTHHHa.sI ranepe.si, 11aCTblO OCTaB-
11Ia.sic.si, BepO.sITHO, eme OT Kap,UHHana. 0Ha ,uaBHO HaXO,UH-
nacb B JlyBpe. PHIIIenhe xo,uHn B My3eii, n1060Banc.si TaM
KapTHHaMH, KOTOpbie Kor.ua-TO eMy npHHa.uneX<aJIH, H
Bb1paX<an nonHoe y,uoBneTBopeHHe no noBo,uy Toro, 'ITO
OHM nepelIIJIH K cj>paHQY3CKOMY Hapo,uy. MeX<,uy TeM OH
6bIJI Tenepb coBepttH!HHbIM 6e.um1KOM. OT po,uoBoro 6ora-
TCTBa HH11ero He ocTaBanocb; c6epeX<eHH.sI. cn;enaHHhie 'Ja
48
 .n;onnre ro.n;bI eJiy)J(6b1 e PoccHH, PmneJihe, KaK eKa3ano
BbIIIIe, no)J(epTBOBaJI ua 0TeqeeTeeuuy10 eoiiuy. Ou 6bIJI
TaK 6e.n;eu, qTo BbIHy)J(.n;eu 6bIJI npo.n;aTb yKpaIIIenub1e
aJIMa3aMH 3HaKH eBOHX pyeeKHX op.n;euoe.
EeTb Bee oenoBaHmI .n;yMaTb, qTo 60JibIIIe eeero OH
xoTeJI eepnyTbe.SI B 0.n;eeey. 0.n;naKo ua uero 6bIJIO oKa3a-
uo eHJibHOe MOpaJibHOe .n;aBJieHHe: KTO Mor 6bI BbffOBO-
pHTb AA.SI <l>paHI..\HH y no6e.n;HTeJieii JiyqIIIHe yeJIOBH.SI MH-
pa, qeM on? AJieKeau.n;p I qpe3BbJqaifuo noqHTaJI ero; BeJI-
JIHHITOH roeopHJI, qTo eJioeo repQora PHIIIeJibe JiyqIIIe
ee.SIKoro .n;oroeopa. PHIIIeJibe yeTynHJI. TioeJie na.n;eHH.SI
Ka6HHeTa Taneiipaua on eTaJI 26 eeHT.SI6p.SI 1815 ro.n;a
npe.n;ce.n;aTeJieM eoBeTa MHHHeTpOB.
3.n;eeb KonqaeTe.SI «.n;IOK 3MManyHJI OeHnoeHq .n;e PH-
IIIeJibe». HaqHnaeTe.SI Kapbepa cppattQy3eKoro roey.n;apeT-
eeuuoro .n;e.SITCJI.SI, ue oTnoe.Sima.Sie.SI K :noii eTaTbe. Kapbe-
pa nHqeM oeo6euuo ue 3aMeqaTeJibHa.SI. PHIIIeJihe ue yuae-
Jie.n;oeaJI IlOJIHTHqeeKHX TaJiaHTOB 3HaMCHHTOro Kap.n;Hna-
Jia. B.n;o6aeoK H no.n;xo.n; ero K noJIHTHqeeKHM npoTHB-
HHKaM - Thi qeJIOBeK, .SI qeJIOBeK, oTqero )J(e HaM ue
eroeopHTbe.SI nomo6oeuo? - .SIBHO He eoOTBeTeTBOBaJI
«3a.n;aqaM TeKymero MOMenTa». nbIJIH y uero H ea)J(Hbie
OIIIH6KH. Ou He y.n;oeJieTeopHJI HH npaBbIX, HH JieBbIX, HH
KOpOJI.SI, HH onno3HQHH, HHKoro. Bepo.SITHO, H eaM 6bIJI
y.n;oeJieTeopeH He eJIHIIIKOM. BnpoqeM, see oT.n;aeaJIH
)lOJI)J(HOe 6Jiaropo.n;eTBY ero xapaKTepa H 6eeKOpbieTHIO,
HeKJIJOqHTeJibHOMY AA.SI TOH 3noxH, - .n;a H )];JI.SI eeex
.n;pyrHX 3IlOX. TipH OKOHqaTeJibHOM ero yxo.n;e B OTeTaBKY
napJiaMeHT, 3Ha.SI, qTo y 3TOro 6eeepe6peHHKa HeT HH
rpoIIIa, Ha3HaqHJI eMy Il0)J(H3HeHHYJO peHTY B 50 Tbie.SJq
cppaHKOB. PHIIIeJibe OTKa3aJie.SI OT .n;apa, eoeJiaBJIIHeb Ha
HC)J(CJiaHHe yeeJIHqHBaTb cpHHaneoeoe 6peM.SI eTpaHbl.
JI10.n;oBHK XVIII 3a.SIBHJI, qTo yeMoTpHT e OTKa3e JIHq-
HYJO AA.SI ee6.SI o6H.n;y. Tor.n;a PHIIIeJihe npHH.SIJI .n;ap - H
TYT )J(e no)J(epTeoeaJI ero Ha yeTpoiieTeo 6ora.n;eJibHH e
.Sop.n;o.
B nocJie,D;HHe ro.n;hI eeoeii )J(H3HH, pa3oqapoeaHHbIH H
yCTaJibIH, on TO nyTeIIIeeTBOBaJI, TO )J(HJI B rJiyIIIH. Bee
co6HpaJic.SI cnoea noceTHTb HoeopoccHIO, MeqTaJI 06
3TOM. .n;aBaJI COBeTbl CBOHM npeeMHHKaM. TIHCbMa ero
·::BHJJ:eTeJibCTBYJOT, qTo, KaK .n;pyroii 3HaMeHHTblH 3MHr-
49
 paHT, )1(03ect> .n;e MecTp, OH Mor 6hI CKa3aTh: «Ha CMepT-
HOM o.n;pe 6y.n;y MOJIHThCJI Ha Poccmo». EMy He cyJK.n;eHo
6bIJIO CHOBa YBH.n;eTb IleTep6ypr, 0.neccy, KpbIM. 16 MaJI
1822 ro.na OH CKOpODOCTHJKHO CKOH'laJICJI 55 JleT OT
po.zzy.
)J;eTeii y Hero He 6blno. C HHM yrac po.n; repQoroa
PHmeJibe, .n;aBIIIHii J11-0.n;eii CTOJih pa3m.IX, - TO'IHO o.rnm
HCKyruum rpeXH .n;pyrHX. Koponh nepe.n;an ceMhe )l(ro-
MHJibJIKOB MHOrO'IHCJJeHHbie THTYJibl, OCTaBllIHecJI OT Kap-
.n;HHaJia.
 A,n:aM qapTopLICKHH B Poccuu

I.
Km1Jb AHJ{peu EoJIKOHcKun uaKanyue AycrepJIHQKoro
cpaJKeuu.s1 BXOJ{HT c EopucoM ,ll;py6eQKHM B OJibMIOQKHH
J{BopeQ, r.l{e ocTaHOBHJIHCb nM11epaToph1. HaBcTpe11y UM
HJ Ka6uneTa AJieKcauJ{pa I uJ{eT «HeBblCOKHH 11eJI0BeK B
lllTaTCKOM 11JiaTbe, c yMHbIM JIHQOM H peJKOH 11epTon
BbICTaBJieHHOH B11epe.l{ 'IeJIIOCTH, KOTOpa.s1, He 110pT.s1 ero,
11pHJ{aBaJia oco6eHHYIO JKHBOCTb H HJBOpOTJIHBOCTb Bbipa-
JKeHHIO». 3TOT 'IeJIOBeK 11pHCTaJibHO-XOJIOJ{HbIM BJrJI.slJ{OM
cTaJI BrJI.s1J{hIBaTbCS1 B KH.s1J.s1 AuJ{peS1, HJ{SI 11p.s1Mo ua uero
H, BHJ{HMo, oJKuJ{aS1, 11To6b1 KH.slJh AHJ{peu 110KJIOHHJic.s1
eMy HJIH J{aJI J{opory. KuS1Jh An.l{peu ue CJ{eJiaJI HH Toro,
HH J{pyroro; B JIHL(e ero BbipaJHJiaCb JJI06a, H MOJIOJ{OH
'IeJIOBeK, OTBepnyBlllHCb, 11po11IeJI CTOpOHOH KOpHJ{Opa.
- KTo :no? - c11pocHn EopHc.
- 3TO OJ{HH HJ caMbIX JaMe'IaTeJibHeHlllHX, HO ue11pH-
SITHeH11IHX MHe JIIOJ{eH. 3To MHHHCTp HHOCTpaHHbIX J{eJI,
KHSIJh AJ{aM tfapTophicKun ...
Ha 11epBb1u BJrJI.s1J{ ue110HS1THO, Ja11eM 11onaJ{o6HJiacb
ToJicToMy 3Ta cQeua. EoJihllle lfapTopbICKnn y uero ue
110.s1BJI.s1eTCS1 HHrJ{e, HH paJy. MeJKJ{Y TeM B xyJ{oJKeCTBeH-
HbIX CTpaHHL(aX «BOHHbl H MHpa» JIHlllHero HeT HH'Iero.
CQena B caMoM J{eJie 6hma xapaKTepua H B 11cHXOJioru11ec-
KOM, H B HCTOpH'IeCKOM CMbICJie.

Ku.s1Jb AJ{aM qaprnpbICKHH po.l{HJIC.sl B 1770 ro.l{y. Ou

11pHHaJ{JleJKaJI K OJ{HOH HJ JHaMeHHTeHlllHX 110JibCKO-JIH-
TOBCKHX ceMen. KaJKeTCSI, B lloJibllle ecTb poJ{bI H JHa'IH-
TeJibHO J{peBHee. qapTOpbICKHe B11epBbie 110SIBJI.sllOTC.sl B
HCTopuH JIHlllb B XV BeKe, - 11paBJ{a, MSI 11epBoro
110.s1BJieHH.s1 J{OCTaTO'IHO lllYMHO: 6paTb.sl J.1Bau, AJieKCaHJ{p
H MHxaHJI qapTOpbICKHe y6HJIH B 1440 ro.l{y BeJIHKoro
KH.slJSI JlHTBbI CHrHJMYHJ{a. lloJJ{Hee, KaK BOJ{HTCSI, 110-
SIBHJIHCb pOJ{OCJIOBHbie, BOJBOJ{HBlllHe po.[{ qapTOpbICKHX
K reJ{HMHHy. CeMb.sl 6bIJia O'IeHb 6oraTa.s1, OJ{HaKO Meuee
6oraTa.s1, 11eM TaK naJhIBaeMbie «KopoJIS1Ta»: Pa.l{JHBHJI-

53
 Jibl, IloTo~e, JI1060M11pcme, OCTpo:>KcKHe, KoHel.\-
noJILcKHe, KOTOpbIM np1rna.wie)J(aJIB ,[{ec.s.iTKH ropo.[{OB.
Oco6eHHoe BJIHSIHHe lfapTOpbICKHe npHo6peJIH B
IloJibIIIe B XVIII BeKe. Tor,[{a HX po.[{ H HX napnrn (11To B
IloJibIIIe lfaCTO OJHalfaJIO 0,[{HO H TO )J(e) CTaJIH npOCTO
HMeHOBaTbCSI «<PaMH.JIIDI»: KOf,[{a fOBOpHJIH «<PaMHJIIDD>,
:no JHa'IHJIO lfapTOpbICKHe. <«l>aMHJIH.sI» ,[{OJifO CTO.sIJia Ja
PoocHI<> H BeJia HJ-Ja 3Toro 6opb6y c IloTOJUCHMH, KOTOpb1e
op11eHTHpOBaJIHCb Ha <l>paHI.\HIO. «<l>aMHJimI» )J(e, no :>Ke.rra-
HHI-O PoccHH, noca,nHJia Ha npecToJI 11ocJie,[{Hero noJihCKoro
KopoJI.sI CTaHHcJiaaa IlorurroBcKoro. OH, anpo11eM, caM K
Heii npHHa.wie:>KaJI: MaTb ero 6h1Jla po)K.[{eHH<UI KHSl)J(Ha
tfapTop1>1cKu:, H KHSJ:Jh A.ltaM-Ka.3HMHp tfapTop1>1CKHH
(oTea; A.naMa), TO)J(e 6b1Bumii xall,[{H,[{aToM B :rmpoJIH,
OTKaJaJICSI OT TpOHa B IlOJibJY CBoero ,ll;BOIOpO,[{HOfO 6paTa.
IloH.sITOBCKHH 61>IJI HJ6paH H ,[{ep)l(aJIC.sI, KaK fOBOpHJIH
aparH ero, «IIIThIKaMH KH.sIJ.R Perrmrna», xoTophlii B TY nopy
KOMaH,[{OBaJI CTOSIBIIIHMH a IloJlbIIIe pyccxHMH eoiicKaMH.
Ho TaKOBhI 61>1JIH HCTopu11ecKHe cy.[{1>6hl IloJihlliH, 'ITO
HJ rnaBHbIX BO)K,[{eH pyccKOH rrapTHH qapTOpbICKHe npe-
BpaTHJIHCb B Jneiiumx BparoB PoccHH. KHSJ:Jh MaM ~e
6bIJI BOCITHTaH B 'IYBCTBax )J(fyqeii: HeHaBHCTH KO BceMy
pyccxoMy. OH caM paccKaJblBaeT B CBOHX BOCllOMHHa-
mrnx: <di 6bIJI )lO TaKOH CTeneHH no)l BJiaCTbIO 3TOfO
,[{BOiiHoro 'IYBCTBa JII06BH (K Ilon:r:.me) H HeHaBHCTH (K
PoccHH), 'ITO npH Ka)K.[{OH BCTpe11e c pyccKHM, B IloJlbme
HJIH r)le-JIH6o B .n;pyroM MecTe, KpOBb 6poCaJiaCb MHe B
ronoBy, SI 6ne.[{HeJI H xpacuen, TaK KaK xa)K,[{hlii: pyccxuii
Ka3aJIC.sI MHe BHHOBHHKOM HeclfaCTHH Moeii pO)lHHbI». B
3THX lfYBCTBax oco6eHHO YKPenJI.sIJia 6y.[{ym;ero pyccKoro
MHHHCTpa HHOCTpaHHbIX )leJI ero MaTb, - 110 IIpOHCXO)l(-
,[{eHHI-O, Brrpo'ieM, He TO caxcoHKa, He TO roJIJiaH)lKa, HO He
llOJILKa, - rpa<PHH.R <l>JieMMHHr, rrpHHecmaSI B rrpH)laHOe
«<PaMHJIHH» orpoMHoe cocTO.RHHe. HMnepaTpHu;a E:rrnTe-
pHHa, no cnoBaM qapTopblcKoro, YTBep)K.[{ana, 'ITO «MaTh
Hama SIK06bI JaCTaBHJia HaC, KaK HeKOf)la raMHJihKap
MOJIO,[{OfO raHHH6aJia, ,[{aTh KJI.sITBY B Be'IHOH HeHaBHCTH
K MocxoecxoMy rocy.[{apcrny H ero rocy.n;apbIHe». Kax
MO)J(HO JaKJIIO'IHTb HJ D;HTaThl, qapTOpblCKHH He CJIHIII-
KOM 3TO H OTpHitaeT.
3.[{ecb SI - He rrepBbIH, paJyMeeTCSI, - ,[{OJI:JKeH KOC-
HYTbCSI mexoTJUIBoro eorrpoca, - o6oiiTH ero MOJI'laHHeM
B oqepKe o qapTOpbICKOM HeBOJMO)J(HO. CoBpeMeHHHKH
KH.sI3H MaMa - no xpaiiHe:H Mepe, pyccxHe ero coepe-
MeHHHKH - 6bIJIH y6e)J(,[{eHbI B TOM, 'ITO no KpoBH OH He
54
 IlOJUIK H He CbIH KIDl3SI A.zlaMa-Ka3HMHpa. roBOpwm, 'ITO
OTUOM 3HaMeHHToro noJILCKoro rocy.napcTBeHHoro ,neS1-
TeJIS1 6bIJI pyccKHii - TOT CaMbrli KIDl3b H. B. PenHHH, o
KOTOpOM pe'lb 6bIJia Bblme.
PemmH HMeJI penyTartHIO noKopHTeJISI cep,neQ. 0 ,nHSIX
CBOeH IOHOCTII OH caM OCTaBHJI 3a6aBHbIH - K CO)KaJie-
HHIO, KpaTKHH - paccKa3: «IlOCJia.JIH MeHSI B MOJIO)lOCTH,
no Tor,namHeMY 06L111a10, B IlapIDK, r.ne SI BeceJio )KHJI H
npoKa3HH'laJI. IlpHe3)KaeT K HameMY IlOCJIY KYPLep H npH-
B03HT' Me)K)ly IlpO'IHM, eMy OT HMnepaTpHllbl E.rnl3aBeTbl
IleTpOBHbl IlOBeJieHHe HeMe)lJieHHO BbICJiaTb MeIDI B Ile-
Tep6ypr; 3a 'ITO H npo 'ITO, HH IlOCOJI, HH SI He IIOHHMa.JIH .
..sIBHJICSI SI K rocy.napi.me. «3.npaBcTByii, HmcoJiama!» (TaK
H3BOJIHJia Ha3bIBaTb Merui:). «T1>1 He6oCD Hcnyrancg. B
IlapH)Ke, CJiblmy, ~aCTb KaKOH pa3BpaT H pacnyTCTBO:
Bora 3a6L1JIH. BcrroMHHJia o Te6e: 'ITO Te6e JleJiaTb B noM
Co.noMe? )l(HBH JIY'lllie .noMa» • .6b1Tb MO)KeT, HMeHHO 3TOT
CJIY'laH H C03)laJI penyTa~ KIDl310 PeIIHHffY, HO coxpa-
IDIJiaCb OHa 3a HHM ,noJiro H TBep.no.
«JleT )lBaJmaTb TOMY Ha3a)l BeJIHKHH KHSl3b HHKOJiaH
MHxaifJioBH'I BeJI rreii:arni.rn H yCTHhlif crrop c H3BeCTHblM
llOJil>CKHM HCTopHKOM AcKeHa3H. «Ilpo<Peccop JILBOBCKO-
ro yHHsepcHTeTa AcKeHa3H, - nHmeT ueJIHKHH KHJI3b•, -
B 6ece.nax co MHOH npHXO,nHJI B gpoCTb, Kor.na SI HaMeKaJI
Ha rrpoHCXO'.lKJleHHe KHS13SI A.naMa t:IapTop1>1cxoro. lhuecr-
HO, lJTO OH 61>m CblHOM KHJI3SI H. B. PerrHHHa, 61>rnmero
.llOJiro B CB.sI3H c ero MaTephro. Xoni: AcKeHa3H yBep.s1JI,
lJTO ::no npOHCXO)K.1leHHe KIDl3SI He ]l0Ka3aHO, HO CX0.1lCTBO
He TOJil>KO KH. A.naMa, Ho H H1>memHero npe.ncraBHTeJI.sI
:noro po.na c ICH. PerrHHHblM 6pocaeTc.s1 B rna3a H He
Tpe6yeT .npyrnx .noKa3aTeJ11>CTB».
CrropHTL TyT, pa3yMeeTCSI, Tpy.nno, KaK Tpy.nno H
cy.nHTb no cxo.ncrsy. BnoJIHe B03MO)KHO, lJTo cJiyx noT
HeBepeH, HO OH qacTO IlOBTOp.sieTCSI B MeMyapHOH JIHTepa-
Type AJieKcaH.npoBCKoro BpeMeHH (paBHo H B ,noHece-
HHJIX HeKOTOpbIX HHOCTpaHHblX ,nHilJIOMaTOB). IlpHBe.ny
CBH,lleTeJibCTBO xopomo OCBe)lOMJieHHOro COBpeMeHHHICa.
«KID13b A,naM qapTOpbICKHH, - BCIIOMHHaeT ICH. A. H. ro-
JIHIU>IH•• ' - npOCTO 6blJI IIpH:lKHT MaTepbro ero c HaIIIHM
KH.sI3eM PenHHHblM, HeKor.na TaK)l(e rnaBHOHallaJibCTBO-
BaBIIIHM Hameii apMHeii B IlOJibllie. ,l:(oICa3aTeJibCTBOM
cero Morno CJ1~HTb, MC:>K.llY npoimM, H TO, lJTO OH 6hIJI

• «1'kropH'ieCKHi BecrHHK», 1916 r., T. 144, crp. 741.

" «PyccKall CTapHHa», 1884 r, T. 41, crp. 130.
 BbIJIHTOe rro,n;o6He KH.Sl3.SI PerrHHHa; H OTe[( H CbIH, rro-
BH,ZJ;HMOMY' 3TO xopomo 3HaJIH, H6o qaCTO CJiyqaJIOCb, qTo
BO BpeM.SI 6oJie3HH MOJIO,n;oro qapTOpbICKoro KH.Sl3b HH-
KOJiaH BacHJibeBHq, 6hIBillH TaKHM JHaTHbIM 6apHHOM, He
JaTpy,n;H.SIJIC.SI, O,ZJ;HaKO )Ke, XO,ZJ;HTb K IOHOille Ha KBapTHPY
H IIO,ZJ;OJiry CH,ZJ;eTb y Hero».
KH.SI3b roJIH[(blH, rrpae,n;a, He,ZJ;OJII06JIHBaJI A,n;aMa qap-
TOpbICKoro, oqeHb He,ZJ;OJII06JIHBaJI H ero MaTb, KOTopyro
Ha3bIBaeT «IIOJIHTHqecKOH HHTpHraHKOH», «ryJibJIHBOH
IIOJibKOH» H T. ,n;. 0,n;HaKO )Ke CXO,ZJ;HblX CBH,ZJ;eTeJibCTB
,n;omno .no Hae HeMaJio. EapTeHeB, )KHBa.SI neTorrHcb He-
CKOJibKHX IIOKOJieHHH pyccxoro ,ZJ;BOp.SIHCTBa, BCKOJib3b IIH-
caJI o KH.SIJe PerrHHHe: «roBop.SIT, qTo cyrrpyr KH.SirHHH
lfaa6eJIJibl qapTOpbICKOH rrpHCJiaJI K HeMY HOBOpO)K,ZJ;eH-
HOro KH.SIJ.SI A.naMa B xopJHHKe c [(BeTaMH. B 3penoM
BOJpaCTe KHSIJb A,n;aM oqeHb rroxo,ZJ;HJI JIHQOM Ha KHSIJSI
PerrHHHa, H PerrHHHbI Bcer,n;a cqHTaJIH ero CBOHM»·.
McTopHqecxoro JHatfeHHSI Borrpoc, cJiaBa Bory, He
HMeeT. Ho rrcHxonorHqecxoe JHaqeHHe ero orpoMHO (TOJib-
KO D03TOMy, pa3yMeeTC.SI, .SI Ha HeM H OCTaHaBJIHBaIOCb).
0mH6aJIHCb JIH coepeMeHHHKH KHSIJSI A,n;aMa HJIH He omH-
6aJIHCb, - MOJIBa 6bma HMeHHO TaKoBa, H qapTOpbICKHH
He Mor 0 HeH He 3HaTb. B rrepBbie ,ZJ;Ba,ZJ;[(aTb llSITb H B
IIOCJie,ZJ;HHe TpH,n;[(aTb JieT CBOeH ,ZJ;OJirOH )KHJHH OH cqHTaJICSI
(H B 3HatfHTeJibHOH Mepe ,n;eHCTBHTeJibHO 61>1JI) JaKJISITbIM
eparoM PoccHH H ecero pyccxoro. CTHJIHJOBaJIH ero ,n;a)Ke
no,n; KoHpa,n;a BanneHpo,n;a. Jlerxo ce6e npe,n;cTaBHTh, KaK
3TO ocJIO)KHSIJIOCh MhICJibIO o pyccxoM rrpm1cxo)K,ZJ;eHHH KH.SI-
JSI! IloJIO)KeHHe, HeCKOJibKO HaIIOMHHaIOI[(ee CIO)KeT HJBeCT-
HOH ,n;paMhI AHpH EepHcTeiiHa: rnaBa aHTHceMHTCKOH
napTHH BHeJanHo yJHaeT, qTo caM OH - eBpeii no xpoBH.

II.
KHS13b AnaM qapTop1>1CKHH nonyqHJI npexpacHoe 06-
paJoBaHHe. BocnHTbIBaJIH ero, KaK Tor,n;a nonaranoc1> B
JHaqHTeJibHOH qaCTH B1>1cmero o6I[(eCTBa, B ,n;yxe rrepe-
,n;oeoM H JIH6epaJibHOM. «Harne BOCDHTaHHe, - BCDOMH-
HaJI KHS1J1> A,n;aM, - 61>mo qHcTo non1>cxoe H qHcTo pec-
ny6JIHKaHcxoe. HamH oTpoqecKHe ro,n;1>1 61>1JIH nocB.SII[(eH1>1
HJytfeHHIO HCTOpHH H JIHTepaTypbl, ,n;peBHeH H IIOJibCKOH.
M1>1 TOJibKO H rpe3HJIH, tfTO o rpexax H pHMJISIHax, H

' «PyccKHii ApxHB», 1876 r, T. I

56
 Me'ITaJIH JIHillb 0 TOM, 'IT06bl no npHMepy HaIIIHX npe,lU<OB
B03pO:>K,lJ;aTb .n;o6JieCTH .n;peBHHX B HaIIIeM OTe'leCTBe».
He enonHe c61>IJIHCb 3TH Me'ITbl; HO .n;yx MOJio,n;ocTH
KH.SI3.SI lfapTop1>1cxoro 6blJI HMeHHO Taxoe. He3a11eM yno-
MHHaTb, 'ITO B 6bITY ero 1-0HblX )J;HeH IlJiyTapx KOe-KaK
y:>KHBaJic.SI c )J,oMocrpoeM (e ycnoeHOM CM1>1cne H Toro H
.n;pyroro cnoea). Tax 6i,mo H B nopy caMoro Ilnyrnpxa,
TaK 6bIJIO Be3.n;e H ecer.n;a. l103,lJ;HeHIIIHe HCTOpHKH, KOHe'l-
HO, HHor.n;a Il03BOJI.SII-OT ce6e He60JibIIIOe pa3BJie'leHHe c
.n;o6poii cTapoii, ee11Ho I-OHOH, cci,mxoii Ha «HaIIIero MH-
pa6o», KOTOpbIH 3a H3M.SITOe :>Ka6o XJiell(eT CTaporo rae-
pHJiy, - O,lJ;HaKO nonpeKaTb CB060,n;oJII-06HBblX MarHaTOB
XVIII eexa xpenocTHhIM npaeoM TaK :>Ke 6ecnone3HO, KaK,
HanpHMep, B Hallie epeM.SI nonpeKaTb rnaey II MHTepHa-
I.UfOHana ero MHJIJIHOHaMH H pOCKOIIIHOH BHJIJIOH B OKpe-
CTHOCT.SIX Ep1-0cceJI.SI. Ilpae.n;a, H3 BOCDOMHHaHHH KH.Sl3.SI
lJapTOpbICKOrO He BblHOCHillb BDe'laTJieHH.SI, 'ITO OH, npH
ceoeii HeHaBHCTH K HHOCTpaHHblM nopa60THTeJI.SIM IlOJib-
IIIH, 3a,n;yMblBaJIC.SI Ha.n; y11aCThl-O ,n;eC.SITKOB TblC.Sl'I JII-O,D;eH,
KOTOpbIX «nopa6oll(aJI» OH caM. KaK 61>1 TO HH 6bIJIO, H B
rony60M ,lJ;BOpu;e (eapIIIaBCKa.SI pe3H)J;eHI.Uf.SI lJapTOpbI-
CKHX), H B 00,ll;OJibCKHX HMeHH.SIX, H B Ilynaeax OH BOC-
DHTblBaJIC.SI B pocKOIIIH, oxpy:>KeHHbIH y11HTeJI.SIMH H ryeep-
HepaMH - DOJibCKHMH, .n;aTCKHMH, <f>paHIJ;Y3CKHMH; HeMa-
JIO nyTeIIIeCTeoea.rr, rocTHJI B AttrJIHH y nop.n;a JlaHc.n;oy-
Ha, 3aHHMa.SICb H3y'leHHeM aHrJIHHCKOH KOHCTHTYIJ;HH. 18
neT OT po.n;y OH y:>Ke 6hm MapIIIaJIKOM (npe.n;ce.n;aTeJieM)
KaKoro-TO ceHMHKa!..
3aTeM Ha11anach eoiiHa c PoccHeii. lJapTop1>1cKHH npH-
H.SIJI B Heil y11aCTHe, xpa6po cpa:>Ka.JIC.SI H DOJIY'IHJI 6oeBOH
op.n;eH H3 pyx xopoJI.SI. B 3nonee 1794 ro.n;a OH, o.n;HaKo, He
y11aCTBOBaJI, DO-BH.n;HMOMy, no CJiy'laHHblM npH'IHHaM; HO,
MO:>KeT 6bITb, H He BceMy CO'IYBCTBOBaJI B nporpaMMe
Ta.n;eyIIIa KocTI-OIIIKO. 3HaMeHHThIH noJihCKHH reHepan,
CblH 6e.n;Horo IIIJI.SIXTH'la, 6bIBIIIHH BOCDHTaHHHK lJapTO:
pbICKHX 6hm, KOHe'IHO, M.SI KH.SI3.SI A.n;aMa CJIHIIIKOM <<Jie-
BbIM»; a nonaHeu;KHH yHHBepcan, KOTOphIM KocTI-OIIIKO
o6'b.SIBJI.SIJI ceo6o.n;HhIMH JII-O.l(hMH ecex xpecTb.SIH Pe11H Ilo-
cnoJIHTOH, MOr B ronyfioM ,lJ;BOpu;e Bbl3BaTb H naHHKy.
CoI.U1aJihHo-noJIHTH'lecKHe B3rJI.SI.l(hI lJapTophICKoro B
TY nopy y:>Ke onpe.n;eJIHJIHCb Ha BCIO :>KH3Hb. roJIHIJ;blH
yTBep:>K.n;aeT, 'ITO B HeM apHCTOKpaTH'leCKOe 'IYBCTBO 6hIJIO
«KaK-TO HenoMepHO H .n;a:>Ke HeJieno»: XOTeJI «CO'leTOBaTb
pecny6JIHKY c xoponeecKHM 3BaHHeM». B 3TOM co11eTaHHH
)J;JI.SI DOJibCKoro MarHaTa, co6CTBeHHO, He 6hIJIO HH'lero

57
cTpaHHoro. MoxceT 6bITb, H B caMOM ,n;e.n:e MOJio,n;oii
qapTOpbICICHH Me'lfra.rr 0 C80eu KaH,n;H,n;aType Ha IlOJibCKHH
npeCTOJI, - B ero IIOJIO)ICeHHH 'lecTOJll-06HBhle IOHOilleCKHe
Me'IThl Boo6m:e MorJIH He HMeTL 11pe,n;eJia. Bo BcgKoM
CJiy'lae, OH HHICaK 3TOro He IIpOjJ:BJijJ:JI: 110 B3r.Jlll)J;aM 6bIJI
yMepeHHbIM KOHCTHT)'IlHOHa.JIHCTOM, CTOpOHHHKOM KOpo-
.J:ul CTaHHCJiaBa H rmaMeHHhIM 11aTpHOTOM. )l;o6aBJiio, 'ITO
3TO 6bIJI H KYJibTYPHbIH, H ,n;o6phlii, H '1pe3Bbl'laHHO nopg-
,Il;O'IHbIH 1feJioBeK.
IlocJie TPeTLero pa3,n;eJia IloJibIIIH 6oJiblillUI 'laCTb
HMeHHH, IIpHHa,n;Jie)l(aBIIIHX KffDbj!M qapTOpbICKHM, OKa-
3a.rracb B PoccHH. <«l>aMHJIHa» IIpHHHMa.rra Y'tJaCTHe B 60-
p1>6e c pyccKHM npaBHTeJILCTBOM; Ha HMeHIDI 6bIJI Ha.JJ:O-
)ICeH ceKBeCTp. IlpaB,n;a, KOe-'ITO (OKOJIO 'leTBepTH orpoM-
Horo cocTOBHHB) ocTaJIOCb B ABCTPHH, Tax 'ITO MO)ICHO
6h1Jlo IIpO:>KHTb BilOJIHe 6e36e,n;Ho. Ho rmyrapxoBCKHH
CTHJib ,n;onycKaJI rropolO H OTCTynJieHHB. «Xo,n;aTaHCTBa
aBCTpHHCKOro .n:BOpa 3a Moero OTQa (T.e. 0 CIDITHH ceK-
BeCTPa. -M. A.) OCTaJIHCL 6e3 pe3yJibTaTa. EKarepHHa He
MOrJia rrpOCTHTL MOHM po.zurreJIBM HX IIaTPHOTH3Ma H HX
11p1111aCTHOCTH K BOCCTaHHIO KOCTIOillICH. «IlyCTb o6a HX
CbIHa, - 3aBBHJia OHa, - muITCB KO MHe, H Tor,n;a MI.I
11ocMOTPHM». Ha ceMeiiHoM coBeTe pe111euo 6bIJIO ue-
CKOJibKO nocTynHTLCB pHMCKHMH 'IYBCTBaMH. «3To 6bl-
no, - BCIIOMHHaeT KH.H3L ~aM, - B HaIIIeM IlOJIO)ICeHHH
CaMOH TIDKeJIOH )l(epTBOH, KOTopyro MI.I C'IHTaJIH ce6.SI
o6.H3aHHLIMH npBHeCTH po.n;HTeJibCKOH mo6BH».
B .n;eKa6pe 1794 ro,n;a MOJIO,Il;ble KHB3LB qapTop1>1cKHe
B1>1exaJIH H3 BeHLI B IleTep6ypr.

m.
«Mbl 6LIJIH rrpHHJITbl neTep6yprCKHM o6m:ecTBOM c
60.lThIIIHM BHHMaHHeM H 6Jiaropacnono)l(eHHeM, - nmneT
KHDL qapTOpbICKHH. - JllO,n;H IIO)l(HJible 3HaJIH H YBa)l(a-
JIH Hamero OTUa, 61>1BaB111ero B 3TOH CTOJIHUe BO BpeMeHa
EJIHcaBeThl, IleTpa III H rrpH BocmecrnHH Ha rrpeCTOJI
EKaTepHHbI. linaro,n;apB peKoMeH,n;aTeJibHbIM ITHCLMaM•
Mbl BCTpeTHJIH 6narOCKJIOHHbIH IIpHeM>> .

• Ilo-BH,ZUIMOM}', 6WJJO llOJIC3HO H peKOMee.naTem.Hoe nHCLMO, KOTOpoe ,!laJI

11aproph!CEHM aa HMll H. H. lllyBaJioea ynoMl!ayn.iii Bblllle Xllll3b H. B. Penmm.
IlHCbMO 3TO ,!lO eac ,!lOIWJO: <<JI npHHHMaio, - nHCaJI KHll3b, - B 3THX MOJIO,!lLIX
JilO,!lllX 60JibWOC Y'laC'rne ••• 0xll3aB HM JUlCKOBhlli npHCM, BLI MHC C,!lCJiaeTC JIU'UIOe
o,!lo.JDCeHHe» (<<PycacHii Apxue», 1876 r., T. 1).

S8
 MoJio.n;oro qapTopbICKoro ~ana B IleTep6ypre co-
sepmeHHasr HeO)IGIJJ;aHHOCTb: OH exan K BapsapaM H H3Bep-
raM, a rrorraJI B o'leHb MHJioe, pMyrnHoe H roCTerrpHHMHoe
o6meCTBO. «MarIO-OOMa.JIY MbI npHIIIJIH K y6e:>IC.n;eHHIO,
'ITO 3TH pyccKHe, KOTOpbIX MbI Hay'IHJIHCb HHCTHHKTHBHO
HeHaBH,n:eTb, KOTOpbIX Mbl npH'IHC.IUIJIH, Bcex 6eJ HCKJIIO'le-
HHSI, K 'IHCJIY cyllleCTB 3JIOBpe,llHbIX H KpOBO)KaJJ;HLIX, c
KOTOpbIMH Mbl rOTOBH.JIHCb HJ6eraTb Bcmcoro o6meHH.SI,
c KOTOpbIMH He MOrJIH .n:axce BCTpe'laTbC.Sl 6e3 OTBpame-
HH.SI, - 'ITO 3TH pyccme 6onee HJIH MeHee TaKHe )Ke JIIOrof,
KaK H see npo•me» .••
0TKpbITHe 6bIJIO nopa3HTeJlhHOe . .D;o6aBJIIO, 'ITO KH.Sl3b
A.n:aM 6bIJI O'leHh MOJIO,[(. IlpH BceM :>ICeJiaHHH CTporo
Bhl,[(epxcHBaTh TOH rpaxc.n;aHCKOH CKOp6H, OH He Mor He
no,n:,[(aTbcsr o6meMy CTporo :lKH3HH neTep6yprcKoro o6me-
CTBa, - :>ICH3HH rnyMHOH, 6neCT.Simeii H Becenoii. «Mhl
npHo6peJIH MHoro 3HaKOMCTB H exce,[(HeBHO IIOJiyqaJIH
rrpHrnameHHsr OT npeJJ;CTaBHTeneii Bb1cmeii apHCTOKpaTHH.
06e.[(hI, 6arrb1, Ko~epThI, Be11epa, mo6HTeJibCKHe cneKTaK-
JIH 6ecrrpepbIBHO CJie,[(OBarIH O,lOIH Ja JJ;pyrHM».
11MrrepaTPHUa IIpHIUlJia qapTOpbICKHX O'leHb mo6e3-
HO. 11MeHHSI 6hIJIH HM B03BpameHbI, - rrpas.n;a, He poro1-
TeJ1.SIM, a HMeHHo KHSIJIO A,n:aMy Hero 6paTy. BoJBpameHo
6Lmo «Bcero» 42 ThICSl'IH JJ;ylII. CTapoCTsa· flaTH'leBCKoe
H KaMeHen:Koe ocTaJIHcb KoH<l>HcKoBaHHbIMH. «HaM roao-
pHJIH, - IlHllieT qapTOpbICKHH, - 'ITO Ha IIOTep10 flaTH-
'leBa H KaMe~a HMO 6hIJIO CMOTpeTb, KaK Ha urrpa<P». B
.n:eiiCTBHTeJibHOCTH 3TO 6hlJIO He TaK. HaJBaHHhle ,n:Ba
HMeHHsr, COCTaBJISIBilIHe, Brrpo'leM, JIHilib He6oJlbmyro .n;o-
mo B03BpameHHoro 6oraTCTBa, y:>ICe 6bIJIH OT.[(aHh1 rpa<l>y
MopKosy.
Ilo'ITH 0,[(HOBpeMeHHO MOJIO,[(bie IlOJlbCKHe KHSl3b.Sl rro-
JIY1fHJIH rrpH.[(BOpHOe 3BaHHe H 6hIJIH 3a'IHCJieHhI B rBap-
,[(HIO: KH.SI3h A,n:aM - B KoHHornapJJ;eiicKHii rroJIK, a ero
6paT - B 113MaHJIOBCKHH. 3,n:ecb Oil.SITb-TaKH CKa3arraCb Ta
:>ICe pa3,[(BOeHHOCTb 'IYBCTB. rpa:>IC,n:aHCKa.SI CKOp6b - pa3y-
MeeTCSI, COBepmeHHO HCKpeHHSISI - HHKaK He II03BOJI.SIJla
rrpHHHMaTh c y,n:oBJieTBopeHHeM 3HaKH BHHMaHH.SI OT Bpa-
roa. Bo3MO:lKHO, 'ITO HMeHHo B CBSl3H c nereH,[(oii o pyc-
CKOM rrpOHCXO~eHHH KH.Sl3.Sl OH ,[(axce rrpeyBeJIH'IHBa.IT CBOe
«Ha.n;MeHHOe H rrpe3pHTeJihHOe paBHO,[(yuIHe» (6bIBiliee
Boo6me B CTHJle 3IIOXH). «MoxceT JIH, - IIHCarr KHSl3h, -

• CTapclCTBo - 8 XVIll-XIX 88. a,QMHHHCTp3TH8Hllll e,ll;llHHQa Ilon&wH. -

flpUM.pei).

59
 rryTemeCTBeHHHK, cnyqaiiHo 3a6pomeHHbIH cy.n;b6010 B Jlno-
HHIO, B EopHeo, HJIH RBy, HJIH xy.n;a-HH6y.D;b B I.J;eHTpaJibHYJO
Aii>pHKy, npH.D;aBaTb xoTb Marreiimee 3HaqeHHe iPopMaM,
OTJIHqHSIM HJIH noqeCTSIM, KOTOpbie npHCYl.IUI 06b1qaS1M 3THX
BapBapoB? CoBepmeHHO TO )Ke 6hmo H c HaMH B .n;aHHOM
cnyqae». «KoHpa.n;a BaJIJieHpo.n;a» • ew:e He 6bmo B 1795 ro.n;y.
Ho qapTOpblCKHH IlHCaJI CBOH BOCilOMHHaHHSI Ha CTapOCTH
JieT. )J;YMaIO, qrn B MOJIO.D;OCTH IleTep6ypr eMY I.J;eHTpaJib-
HOH Aii>pHKoii He npe.n;CTaBJISIJICSI.
rnaBHbIH )Ke CIOpnpH3 - CIOpnpH3, CbirpaBlliHH or-
pOMffYIO ponb B )KH3HH KHSl3SI A.n;aMa, - 6bIJI Bnepe.n;H.
0.n;Ha)K.D;bI BeJIHKHH KHSl3b AnexcaH.n;p IlaBJIOBHq, BCTpe-
THB ero Ha Ha6epe)KHOH, npHrnacHJI ero K ce6e B TaB-
pHqecKHH .n;BopeQ, r.n;e )KHJia BecHoii QapcxaS1 ceMbSI. B
Ha3HaqeHHbIH .n;eHb H qac qapTOpbICKHH SIBHJICSI K BeJIHKO-
My KHSl3IO. OHH B.D;BoeM cnycTHJIHCb B .n;BopQOBbIH ca.n; H
rynS1JIH TaM TpH qaca. M cTpaHHbre, HeO)KH.D;aHHbie, nopa-
3HTeJibHbie peqH ycnhrmarr OT 6y.n;yw:ero HMnepaTopa Mo-
no.n;oii nOJibCKHH oil>Hl.\ep.
«BeJIHKHH KHS13b CKa3aJI MHe Tor.n;a, qTo COBepmeHHO
He pa3.D;eJISleT B033peHHH H npHHQHnOB npaBHTeJibCTBa H
.D;BOpa; qTo OH .n;arrexo He onpaB.D;bIBaeT nOJIHTHKH H noBe-
.n;eHH.SI CBOeH 6a6KH H nopHQaeT ee npHHQHnb1; qTo ero
CHMnaTHH 6bIJIH Ha CTOpOHe IlOJiblliH H ee CJiaBHOH 6opb-
6bl; qTo OH onnaKHBaJI ee na.n;eHHe; qTo B ero rna3ax
KocT10mxo 6bIJI BeJIHKHM qenoBeKoM no CBOHM .n;o6necT-
HblM xaqecTBaM H no TOMY .n;eny, KOTopoe OH 3aW:HW:aJI ...
OH npH3HaJICSI MHe, qTo HeHaBH.D;HT .n;ecnoTH3M Be3.n;e, B
KaKOH 6bI iPopMe OH HH npOSIBJISIJICSI, qTo JII06HT CB06o.n;y,
KOTopaSI, no ero MHeHHIO, .D;OJI)KHa npHHa.D;Jie)KaTb BCeM
JIIO.D;SIM; qTo OH qpe3BbJqaifHO HHTepecoBaJICSI ii>paHQY3C-
KOH peBOJIIOQHeii; qTo, He o.n;o6pS1S1 3THX y)KaCHbIX 3a6ny-
)K.ZJ;eHHH, OH Bee )Ke )KeJiaeT ycnexa pecny6JIHKe H pa.n;yeTCSI
eMy!..»
BneqaTJieHHe 6bIJIO noTpS1ca10w:ee. «C03HaIOCb, - nH-
meT KHS13b A.n;aM, - SI yxo.n;HJI nopa)KeHHbIH, rny6oxo
B3BOJIHOBaHHbIH, He 3HaSI, 6bIJI JIH 3TO COH HJIH .n;eiiCT-
BHTeJibHOCTb ..• He qy.n;o JIH 3TO 6bIJIO, qTo B Taxoii aTMoc-
iPepe H cpe.n;e MOrnH 3apo.D;HTbCS1 CTOJib 6naropo.n;Hbie
MbICJIH, CTOJib Bb1coxaS1 .n;o6po.n;eTeJib? •• nbIJIO CTOJibKO
qffCTOTbl, CTOJibKO HeBHHHOCTH, pemHMOCTH, Ka3aBmeHCSI
HenOKOJie6HMOH, caMOOTBep)KeHHOCTH H B03BblllieHHOCTH

' no3Ma Ai:taMa MH1.ucesw1a «Kottpan 8aJIJ1eHpOi:t» 6bma ony6nHKOBaHa s

1828 rony. - IlpUM. peo.

60
.n:ynrn B cnoBax H rroBe.n:eHHH :noro Mono.n:oro rrpHHU.a,
qTo OH Ka3aJICji MHe KaKHM-TO BblCIIIHM cy111.ecTBOM, no-
CJiaHHbIM Ha 3eMJIIO IlpoBH,D;eHHeM .n:ng cqacTbjl qenoeeqe-
CTBa H Moen po,D;HHbI. R .n:an ce6e o6eT 6e3rpaHHqHon
npHBjl3aHHOCTH K HeMy •. .>>.
Ilocne 3Toro HCTOpHqecKoro pa3roeopa B TaBpHqec-
KOM ca.n:y JCffjl3b A.n:aM qapTopbICKHH npo:>1rn:n e111.e IIIeCTb-
.n:ecgTb c JIHIIIKOM JieT. OH roeopHT, qTo qyBcTBa Toro .IJ:Hjl
«yCTOjlJIH rrepe.n: BceMH y.n:apaMH, KOTOpbie HM Il03,D;Hee
HaHec caM HMnepaTop AnexcaH.n:p». B .n:encTB1nenbHOCTH
3TO 6bmo He coeceM TaK. MHoro pa3HbIX, oqeHb pa3HbIX
cy:>IC.n:eHHn BbICKa3hIBaJI KHjl3b A.n:aM o ceoeM .n:pyre Ha
npOTji)l(eHHH IlOCJiaHHOH eMy .l{OJiroii )ICH3HH, H MHOroe,
oqeHb MHoroe Hx enocne.l{CTBHH pa3.l{eJIHJIO. ToJibKO JIH
HMnepaTop 6bIJI BHHOBeH B pa3pbIBe HX .l{py)l(6bl, TOJibKO
JIH IlOJIHTHKa 6blJia npHqHHOH pa3pb1Ba, jl cy.l{HTb He
6epycb. B TaKHX ,l{enax MbI 06b1qHo He 3HaeM noqTH
HHqero rroqTH HH 0 qeM. KHjl3b qapTOpbICKHH B CBOHX
BOCilOMHHamrnx, ecTeCTBeHHO, He coo6111.aeT' qTo OH 6bIJI
CTpacTHO BJII06JieH B HMrrepaTpm.i;y EnH3aBeTy Anexceee-
ey, :>ICeey AneKcaH.l{pa Ilaenoe11qa. EoJibIIIe qeM qepe3
CTOJieTHe IlOCJie Toro, Ha HaIIIeii naMj{TH, BeJI. JCHjl3b
H11Konaii MHxaiinoe11q ony6n11Koean «IlHCbMO HMnepaT-
PHUbI EJIH3aBeTbI AnexceeBHbI K HeH3BeCTHoii, rrHcaHHoe
1 <l>eepang 1815 r. H3 BeHbI»... ,ll;eno 3TO HegcHoe H
HCTopuqecKoro HHTepeca He rrpe.l{cTaeng10111.ee. Hu HM-
nepaTop, HH qapTOpbICKHH 0 HeM .l{O KOHl.J;a CBOHX .l{Heii He
CKa3aJIH HH CJIOBa. R Mory TOJibKO OTOCJiaTb quTaTeJieii K
TOH IIOjICHHTeJibHOH CTaTbe, KOTOpOH BeJIHKHH KHjl3b .l{O-
IIOJIHHJI 011y6JIHKOBaHHOe HM TaHHCTBeHHOe IlHCbMO.
B 1798 ro.l{y, 11pu Ilaene IleTpoeuqe, Kffjl3b A.l{aM 6bm
Ha3HaqeH pOCCHHCKHM IIOCJiaHHHKOM npH cap.l{HHCKOM KO-
pone H 11poeen TPH ro.l{a B 1-ITanHH, 3aHHMagcb 11peuMy-
111.eCTBeHHo HCKYCCTBOM, apxeonorueii, u3yqeHHeM )l;aHTe
(OH H caM IIHCaJI CTHXH). lfaBeCTHe 06 y6uiicTBe HM-
11epaTopa Ilaena 3acTano ero B Hea11one. Ilo cnoeaM
qapTOpbICKoro, pyccKHH Kypbep, IIpHBe3IIIHH 3TO H3Be-
CTHe B lfTaJIHIO, HMeJI BH.l{ rnyxoHeMoro: «He OTBeqaJI HH
Ha OJ.UtH Borrpoc, H3,l{aBaJI TOJibKO KaKHe-TO HeIIOHflHbie
3BYKH, HaXO.l{jICb, BH.l{HMO, 110.l{ BIIeqaTJieHHeM y:>ICaca».
3TOT Kypbep IIpHBe3 TaK:>ICe KHjl3lO IIpHKa3 HeMe.l{JieHHO
B03BpaTHTbCjl B IleTep6ypr. «R 6blJI B BOCTOpre» ...

• l..(lrrupyio no ueyKJllOlKeMy pyCCKOMY nepeBO.!lY MeMyapOB.

u «lkropu'lecKHii BecTHHK», 1916 r., T. 144.

61
 BepeyellIHCb e PoCCH10, KH513b A,naM cpa.Jy CTaJI rrpa-
eoii pyicoii AneKcaH.n:pa I. 11.MeHHO no ero HHKI\HaTHee
6bIJI C03,naH TaK Ha3hlBaeMbIH «KOMHTeT o6meCTBeHHOfO
cnacemuD>, B KOTOpbm, KpOMe uap.SI H qapTOpbICKOfO,
exoAHJIH CTporaHoe, HoBOCHJihl.leB H Koqy6eu. HecKo.Jlb-
KO Il03)Ulee KH.S13b 6hlJI Ha.3Ha<JeH TOBapHmeM MHHHcrpa
HHOCTpaHHhlX ,neJI, a c yxo,noM KaHI\nepa BopoH:qoea cTaJI
rnaeoii 3Toro MHHHCTepcrna. Mo:>KHO 6e3 npeyeeJIH<JeHH51
CKa3aTb, 'ITO IlOJibCKHH MarHaT, eme He,naBHO, no co-
6CTBeHHblM ero CJIOBaM, 6Jie)UleBIIIHH OT HeHaBHCTH rrpH
KIDK,[{OH BCTpe<Je c KaKHM 6bl TO HH 6bIJIO pyccKHM, 6bIJI B
TeqeHHe HecKOJibKHX JieT CaMblM BJIIUITeJibHbIM qeJIOBeKOM
e PoccHH.

IV.
B HIOHe 1802 ro.na e MeMene npOH30lllJIO ceH,naHHe
Me)K,Uy HMnepaTopOM AIIeKCaH,npOM H npyCCKHM KOpoJieM
<l>pHJJ:PHXOM BHJibreJibMOM III. ,l{HnnoMaTb1, pa3yMeeTcH,
IIpHIIHCbIBaJIH 3TOMY CBH,naHHIO He06bIKHOBeHH)'IO Ba)l(-
HOCTb. PyccKa.SI JJ;llilJIOMaTH.SI OTHOCHJiaCb K H,nee CBH.[{aHH51
oqeHb orpH:qaTeJibHO. Koqy6eH. 6hm eecbMa HM He.Qoeo-
JieH. rpaq, c. B. BopOHI\OB npH MbICJIH 0 HeM, no CJIOBaM
oqeeH,nua, 3aKpbIBaJI OT y)l(aca JIHUO pyicaMH. Tor.na no-
.no6Hb1e BCTpeqH npOHCXOJJ;llJIH MHOfO pe)l(e, qeM Tenepb,
He Ha3blBaJIHCb <<KOH<l>epeHUH51MH» H npHHHMaJIH B HHX
yqaCTHe He MHHHCTpbl (HJIH He TOJibKO MHHHCTpbl), a
MOHapxH, onero ,nena IllJIH He x~e H He JIY11Ille, qeM e
Harne cqaCTJIHeoe epeM51. MeMeJibCKoe ceH,naHHe Bhl,neng-
nocb, enpoqeM, TeM, 'ITO B HeM c rrpyccKOH CTOpOHbl
yqacrnoeana, KpOMe Kopong, eme H Koponeea - 3HaMe-
HHTa.SI Koponeea JlYff3a.
06 3TOH KOpoJieee B HeMerumii 6HorpacpH<JeCKOH
JIHTepaTYPe IIpHHHTO fOBOpHTb He HHa<Je, KaK B caMblX
BOCTOp)l(eHHO-He)l(HbIX TOHax, H IIpHTOM c orreHKOM no-
qTHTeJlbHOfO COCTpa.QaHH51, ~ COBCeM HaM HeilOIDITHblM:
TaK, Ka)l(eTC51, HHKTO HHKOr,na He roeopHJI HH 0 MapHH
CT10apT, HH o MapHH AJITYaHerTe. Me)l(_ny TeM e )l(H3HH
KOpOJieBbl JlYH3bl HHKaKHX oco6eHHblX rpare.l{Hii He 6bIJIO.
Ha3hIBaJIH ee H «6o)l(eCTBeHHbIM HBJieHHeM», H «He6ec-
HLIM BH,nCHHeM», H «cnacHTeJibHbIM _nyxOM repMaHHH», H
«)l(HBblM BOilJIOmeHHeM HeMe:[\KHX ,no6po,nereneii» H T ..Q.
0Ha e caMoM .I{ene 6bma xopornag )l(eHm1rna. Ho Mepy e
BOCToprax MO)l(HO 6Lmo 61>1 co6n10cTH. CoBpeMeHHHKH
62
 11aCTO cy,l{RJIH HHalfe, - HHOr,ZJ;a ,D.a:>Ke IIIJlll CJIHIDKOM
.na.rrexo B ,D;pyry10 CTOpOHy.
0 HapJ:>KHOCTH KOpoJieBhl JlyiobI no OCTaBmHMCJI
MHOTO'IHCJieHHblM nopTpeTaM cy,ZJ;HTI. ,1J.OBOJlbHO Tpy,D;HO,
TaK KaK B 60JibIIIHHCTBe nopTpeTbI TaK)Ke IlHCaJIHCb B
CJie3JIHBO-TpOraTeJibHOM TOHe H B,1J.06aBOK 11pe3BbllfaHHO
HenoxmKH 0,1J.HH Ha .npyroil:. Ha nopTpeTe BIDKe-Jie6peH
xoponeBa noHCTHHe npenecTHa. Y ,[J;:mHHra mn~o ee He-
xpacHBo H HenpHJITHO, HecMOTPJI Ha oco6eHHO TOp)KeCT-
BeHHhIH xapaKTep xapTHHbI: nepBaJI BCTpe11a c HMnepaTo-
poM An:excaH.npoM. CoepeMeHHHKH OT3bIBaJIHCb o HapJ:>K-
HOCTH xoponeBbI rro-pa3HOMy. HaH6onee JiecTHbie OT3b1Bbl
npHH3.,1J.Jiexa.rru eil: caMoil:". HanoneoH B O.D.HOM H3 CBOHX
o<l>HIUlaJlbHhlX BOeHHblX 6IOJIJieTeHeH, eme ,n;o JIB'IHOTO c
Heii 3HaKOMCTBa. Ha3bIBaJI KOpoJieBY. «XettmHHOH xpaCH-
BOH, Ho rnynoii» •• reHepan Map6o • • c11en HJ:>KHbIM coo6-
mHTh no,n;po6HOCTH He3CTeTHlfeCKHe, O,D.HaKO OT,11.aJI ,1J.OJDK-
Hoe KpacoTe KOpOJieBbl. rpa<l> II. A. CTporaHOB nn:ca.rr
22 ,neKa6pJ1, 1805 ro.na H3 IiepJIHHa A,naMy qaprnpLI-
cxoMy: «Mon cher, qu'elle est jolie, cette reine! Elle m'a
bien plu et je ne Jui trouve pas l'air fille dont on
I'accusait>> ••••. IIona,D.aIOTCSI H OT3bIBbl HeJieCTHhle, Ho oHH
HCX0,1J.HJIH OT He,no6poxenareneil:. IIo-BH,ZJ;HMOMy, Kopone-
Ba JlYff3a 6Lrna 011eHb xopoma co6oit
B MeMeJie - HLIHemHeii KJiaiine.ne - TenepL KHDJIT
CTpaCTH, Be,D;eTCSI OiKeCTOlfeHHruI HalUIOHaJibHO-IlOJIHTH-
'leCKa.JI 6opb6a, npoHCXO,lJ;SIT nmcymeHHSI n: y6Hiicrea. K
HeclfaCTLIO, BilOJIHe B03MOiKHO, 'ITO B HCTOpHH Ha3BaHHe
3TOro ropo,D;a 6y,D;eT OKpJ:>KeHO TOH xe 3JIOBemeii CJiaBOH,
KOTOpaSI Ha BelfHble BpeMeHa CBJl3aHa co CJIOBOM «Ca-
paeBO». B Ha11a.rre npomnoro BeKa MeMeJib 6LIJI THxn::ii,
YIOTHLiii, ceepxrrpoemmmUILHbIH ropo,D;OK, MBpHo Top-
roeaBmHH neHLKOH n: ceJIL,lJ;SIMH. Ha,D.o JIH roBopHTL, 'ITO
H3BecTHe 0 npHe3,I{e KOpOHOBaHHLIX oco6 Bbl3BaJIO B ropo-
,D;e BOCTOpr H rop,nOCTL
•••••. Bee MeCTHOe Kyne'leCTBO
BCTpeTHJIO HMrrepaToP.a An:excaHJJ,pa y eopoT; Ha yJIH~ax
nenn: «Musikchore»... ••. YJIH~a, Ha KOTopoli oCTaHOBHJICSI

' K. Waliszewsky. Le Regne d'Alexandre I'", t. I, p. 119.

" Correspondance de Napoleon, IX Bulletin (Weimar, 17 octobre 1806).
"' Memmres du general Marbot, t. I, pp. 280-1.
.... «Moii .11oporoii, ICllK ona O'lapoBaTCJILHll, :rra KOpoJiena! Ona MDC O'ICHL
noepaBH.llaCb, H ll He HaXOJICY Bee o6JIHKC UH'lero .!IOCToUHOl'O OC)'JK'AeHHll» (tjjp.).
Bert. m. HmroJiaii Mmtai!JIOBH'I. Lecomte Paul Stroganov, t. II, p. 213 .
..... Sophie-Marie Griifin von Voss. Neunundzwanzig Jahre am Preussischen
Hofe. SS. 243-5.
...... M)'3LUCaJILHhle xopLI (neM.).

63
u;apb, 6hma HaJBaHa «KaibepmTpacce»; ynHu;a, r.ne )ICHJia
xoponeBa, nonyqHna HaJBaHHe «JlyHJeHmTpacce». Bo3-
MO)l(HO, qTo ynHU:hI 3TH Tax Ha3hIBaI-OTC51 eme H Teneph,
XOTb .n;aBJibIM-.n;aBHO Bee B Knaiine.ne 3a6bIJIH, noqeMy OHH
6hIJIH TaK Ha3BaHbl. 3.nech-TO H Haqanacb HOBa51 HCTOpH-
qecKa51 JIHHH51, noMemaBmag ocymecTBJieHHro nnaHoB
A.n;aMa "lfapTopb1cxoro.

v.
MMnepaTop AnexcaH.n;p I npH6hm B MeMeJih 10 HI-OH51
1802 ro.na HHKOrHHTO, no.n HMeHeM «rpa<l>a PoccHiicxoro».
OH qpe3Bb1qaifHo noHpaBHJIC51 BceM HeMu;aM. «Ein schoner
Mann!» (<<KpacHBhIH qenoBeK!» ToTqac JaHecna B cBoii
.n;HeBHHK npecrnpenag o6epro<l>MeiicTepHHa rpa<i>HH51 <l>oH
<l>occ, KOTopoii, o.n;HaKo, yro.n;HTb 6hIJIO oqeHb Henerxo:
Il51TbI-O ro.n;aMH noJ.n;Hee, npH ·nepBoii BCTpeqe c Hanoneo-
HOM, OHa B TOT )Ke .n;HeBHHK JanHcana: «OH Heo6blqaiiHo
6eJo6pa3eH», qTo, BnpoqeM, Morno o6'h51CH51TbC51 naTpH-
OTHqecxoii HeHaBHCTbl-0 K no6e.UHTemo. B BOCTOpre OT
u;apg 6hIJI H npyccKHH KOpOJib. «Taxoro MOHapxa POCCH51
eme HHKor.ua He HMena!» - roBopHn OH (:no, no)l(anyii,
6blJIO H BepHO).
qTO .uo KoponeBbl JlyH3bI, TO HeMeu;KHe ee 6Horpa<l>hl
c.uep)l(aHHO JaMeqaroT, qTo BCTpeqa c u:apeM 6hma .llfl51 Hee
6oJihlIIHM nepe)l(HBaHHeM (ein Erlebnis). Mx cnoBa Ha.no
yToqHHTb B TOM CMbICJie, 'ITO KOpOJieBa HaBcer.na, Ha BCIO
)l(H3Hb Bn106Hnacb B AnexcaH.z:tpa TiaBJIOBHqa. lieJHa,z:te)l(-
HhIH poMaH 3TOT - H TpOraTeJibHbIH, H naTeTHqecKHH, H
noporo 3a6aBHbIH - CTaJI, IlO-BH.UHMOMy, rnaBHbIM CMbIC-
JIOM ee cymeCTBOBaHH51.
«JI He BH.Uana Anhn, - nHcana Bcxope nocne Toro
KOponeBa CBOeMy 6paTy, - HO 51 BH.n;ena JII-O.D:eH HJIH,
BepHee, O.UHOro qeJIOBeKa, qeJIOBeKa B IlOJIHOM CMbICJie
cnoBa. AnhnHHCKHH )l(HTeJih BocnHTaJI ero». «AJihITHHCKHH
)l(HTenh» 6hm, oqeBH.z:tHo, 6bIBlIIHH ryBepHep AnexcaH)lpa
TiaBJIOBHqa mBeiiu;apen; Jlarapn. M BcnoMHHaTh 3.Uecb o
HeM, H TaK HMeHOBaTb 3Toro noqTeHHOro a,z:tBOKaTa H
IlOJIHTHqecxoro .ue51TeJI51 6hIJIO, co6CTBeHHO, HH K ceny HH
K ropo.ny. Ho Tpe6oBaJIOCh OT,z:taTh .uonr .uyxy 3IlOXH: )l(aH
)l(ax Pycco eme n;apHJI B JIHTepaType; xoponeBa no.u.nep)l(H-
Bana JIHqHyI-O .upy)l(6y c )l(aH TioneM PHXTepoM·.

• )l{au Ilon& - uacrninuee HMll H ljlaMHnHll Horauu Ilayn& Cl>pH,QpHX PHXTep

(1763-1825) - ueMeUKHii nucaTen&. - llpuM. pea.

64
 3,ZJ;eCh-TO H 6hIJia 3a6aBHa.sI CTOpOHa :noro HeC'laCT-
Horo poMaHa. B npe,ZJ;cTaBJieHHH KopoJieBhI JlyH3hI, HM-
nepaTop AneKcaH,ZJ;p 6&m rop.ZJ:bIH, Heo6hIKHOBeHHhIH, 3a-
CTeH'IHBhIH 10H01na, 11yTh TOJihKO He np.si:Mo c An&n co-
peaeIIIHiic.si: B ropo.ZJ: MeMeJih. 0Ha cpa3y pa3ra,ZJ;ana ero
OCHOBHYJO 11epTy: 6e3rpaHH'IHYJO np.si:MOTY .ZJ:YIIIH; cpa3y H
onpe,ZJ;eJIHJia TOH OTHOIIIeHHil:: «KaK cecTpa, HeT, KaK MaTh»
(schwesterlich, nein, miitterlich!), oHa ,ZJ;OJI:>KHa npe,ZJ;OCTe-
pe11& aJihIIHHCKoro IOHOIIIY «OT onacHocTeil: IOHOIIIeCKoil:
HeOIIhITHOCTH» . .6e,ZJ;Ha.sI Koponeea, MO:>KHO CKa3aTh, npo-
.sIBHJia He06hI'laHHYJO npOHHUaTeJibHOCTh. Ilepe,ZJ; Heil 6hIJI
O,ZJ;HH H3 caMhIX CJIO:>KHhIX, 3aMKffYThIX H CKpbITHhIX JllO,ZJ;eil:
Toro epeMeHH. 011eHh nepeoueHHeana oHa H ero IOHOIIIec-
Koe He3HaHHe :>KH3HH. «CymHil: npenhCTHTenh» y:>Ke nepe-
:>KHJI Tpare,ZJ;HIO MHxail:JioecKoro 3aMKa, Bhmrpan T.sI:>Ke-
nyro H rp03HYIO Hrpy IIpOTHB rpa<Pa IlaneHa.
rnaBHOe :>Ke 6bIJIO B TOM, 'ITO uaplO KOponeea JlyH3a
HpaBHJlaCh He 60JibIIIe, 11eM eMy HpaBHJIHCh Bee KpaCHBbie
:>KeHIUHHhI. «.6e,ZJ;H.si:ra coeepIIIeHHO 011apoeaH H o6eopo:>KeH
Koponeeoii>>, - IIHCana rpa<i>HH.sI 4>oH <l>occ (cTp. 245).
Ilo-BH,ZJ;HMOMy, H OHa 60JihlIIOH IIpOHHUaTeJlhHOCThlO He
OTJIH'laJiaCh. Qaph, npae,ZJ;a, 6hIJI 11pe3BhI'laHHO JII06e3eH H
BHHMaTeJieH - oco6eHHO BHa11ane. Il03,ZJ;Hee OH, Ka:>KeTC.sI,
caM H~ 3HaJI, KaK eMy OT,ZJ;eJiaThC.sl OT :noro poMaHa (eCJIH
c ero CTOpOHhI MO:>KHO :no Ha3bIBaTh poMaHoM). Bo Bc.si:-
KOM cnyqae, e 1807 ro,ZJ;y OH roeopHn, 'ITO npe,ZJ;no11en 6&1
c Koponeeoil: He BCTpe11aTbc.s1.
IlHChMa Koponee&1 JlYH3hI K uapro coxpaHHJIHCh H
cpaBHHTeJihHO He TaK ,ZJ;aeHo 6&1J1H ony6nHKOBaHb1·. Y.ZJ:H-
BHTeJihHO, 'iTO OHH He CJIHIIIKOM npHBJleKJIH K ce6e BHHMa-
HHe HCCJie,ZJ;OBaTeneil: (HCKJllO'leHHe COCTaBmieT BaJIHIIIeec-
KHH): H B HCTOpH'leCKOM, H, oco6eHHO, B IICHXOJIOrH'leCKOM
OTHOIIIeHHH IIHCbMa 3TH 11pe3BbI'laHHO HHTepeCHhl. M3JIH.sl-
HHH Jll06BH, B TeCHOM CMhICJie CJIOBa, B HHX HeT' HO
MHoroe, Ha11HHa.s1 c o6pameHH.si: («.ZJ:o6ph1il:, ,ZJ;oporoil:, He-
cpaeHeHHhIH Ky3eH» H T. II.), HaXO,ZJ;HTC.sl Ha rpaHHUe H3-
JIH.sIHHH. Bee, 'ITO ,ZJ;enaeT uapb, ece eoo6me, 11To K HeMy
OTHOCHTC.sl, - «6o:>KeCTBeHHO» (3TO 6bIJIO Jll06HMOe CJIOBO
KOponeBhI). «KaKoe 6o:>KeCTBeHHOe IIHCbMO Bbl MHe HaIIH-
canH!» ... .6o:>KecTBeH 6anKoH, Ha KOTopoM CH,ZJ;en AneK-
caH,ZJ;p IlaBJIOBH'I . .6o:>KeCTBeHHhIM OKa3bIBaeTC.sl ,ZJ;a:>Ke ero
Ky11ep - «votre divin Illia» ••. MHoro pa3 e nHCbMax

' Publikationen aus den k. Preussischen Staatsarchiven, Bd 75 .

.. «Baw 60llCCCTBCHHLIH llilbll» (ifjp.).
3-5317
65
 BCTpeqaeTCB npoch6a - npHcJiaTh :lKe, HaKoHe.Q, o6em:aH-
HhIH no.n;apoK: 61-0cT .u;apB. IJ;aph npHChIJiaeT 3epKano, -
«,ll;HBHOe 3epKano», «6naro.D;eTeJihHhI pyKH, H3 KOTOphIX B
nonyqHJia CTOJih npeKpaCHhIH .D;ap!..». IJ;aph ye3:lKaeT, -
«3TO y:lKacHo!». K .u;ap1-0 e,D;eT B rocTH npHH.Q MeKJieH-
6yprcKHH, - «cqacTJIHBe.Q! o6HBB sac, OH HaDOMHHT BaM
060 MHe» ... B nHChMe OT 10 HI-OHB 1807 ro.n;a nona,D;aeTCB
.D;a:lKe TaKaB cl>pa3a: «0.D;Ha H3 xy.D;IIIHX :lKeCTOKOCTeii EoHa-
napTa 3aKJII-OqaeTCB B TOM, qTo OH HaIIIeJI cnoco6 y.D;aJIHTh
Hae .D;pyr OT .D;pyra!» B :lKH3HH HanoneoHa 6hIJIH, no:lKa-
nyii, .D;eJia xy:lKe 3Toro. Ho B 3TOH :lKeCTOKOCTH OH 6hIJI
B.D;o6asoK cosepIIIeHHO HenoBHHeH. HanpoTHB, no HeKoTo-
phIM, eMy O,ll;HOMY Be,D;OMhIM, coo6pa:lKeHHBM (6h1Th MO-
:lKeT, H 6e3 BCBKHX coo6pa)l(eHHH - npOCTO pa,ll;H HaCMeIII-
KH) OH CTapaJICB c6JIH3HTh .u;apB c KOponeBOH Jlye:3oif. Ilo
KpaiiHeii Mepe, B THJih3HTe .D;JIB KoponeBhI 6hIJI npHrOTOB-
JieH .D;OM pB.D;OM c .D;OMOM AneKcaH.D;pa IIasnosHqa, H,
noKa3hIBaB ero .u;ap1-0, HanoneoH rosopHn co csoiicTBeH-
HOH eMy 6ec.u;epeMOHHOCThI-O: «Eh bien! Le creur ne vous
en dit-il rien? .. » •
PoMaH 3TOT npo.n;OJI)l(aJICB .D;O caMoii cMepTH KOpone-
BhI. B 1809 ro.D;y oHa c <l>pH.n;pHXOM BHJihreJihMOM III
noceTHJia IleTep6ypr. IlpHeM HM 6hm oKa3aH Heo6hIK-
HOBeHHO TOp)l(eCTBeHHhIH H nhIIIIHhIH. OcTaHOBHJIHCh OHR
B 3pMHTa:lKe; 6aJihl, napa.D;hl, cneKTaKJIH CJie.D;OBaJIH 0,ll;HH
3a .D;pyrHM. He no.D;Jie:lKHT, O.D;HaKo, COMHeHHI-O, qTo B TO
BpeMB npyccKaB KOpOJieBCKaB qeTa 6blJia Ha DOJIO)l(eHHH
,ll;OBOJlhHO CTpaHHOM. 3TO BH,ll;HO H H3 MeJioqeif, H3 no,D;ap-
KOB. IJ;aph no.D;apHJI Koponese IlJlaThB, seJIHKonenHhie IIIa-
JIH, 30JIOTOH TyaJieTHhIH npH6op. 0Ha TaK)l(e HHOr.D;a no-
ChIJiaJia eMy DO.D;apKH, HO COBepIIIeHHO HHhie, BilJIOTh ,ll;O
«DBTH ,ll;HBHhIX BHIIIeH». IlpyccKHH KOpOJieBCKHH ,ll;OM Bhl-
e3)1(aJI 60JihIIIe Ha cep,D;eqHOCTH qyBCTB. IlHChMa )l(e 6e.D;-
Hc5H KOpoJieBhl CTaHOBHJIHCh Bee rpycTHee H 3a.D;YIIIeBHee.
Teneph oHa nHcana He TOJihKO .u;ap1-0, HO H o6eHM HM-
nepaTpH.QaM. 06pam:anach K HHM: «Madame ma Sreur et
Cbusine» HJIH «Chere, belle et bonne reine»... MapHB
<l>e.D;opoBHa oTseqana nopo1-0 npocTo: «Schwesterchen» •••.
CTapaB HCTOpHB, BeqHaB HCTopHB, O.D;HHaKoBaB BO Bee
BpeMeHa H B n1-06oii cpe.D;e: oHa ero JII-06HJia, OH ee He

' «Hy xopowo! Pa3ee cep.aue eaM HH'lero 06 3TOM ue roeopuT? .. » (flip.)
Prin~sse Louise de Prusse. Quarante cinq ans de ma vie, p 275.
«rocnollCa MOii, cecTpa ff KY3ffHa», «,ll;opora11 npeKpacua11 ff .ao6pa11 Kopone-
ea».{Jlip.J.
«CeCTpff'IKa» (HeM.).

66
 mo61rn. Ho 3.n;ec1> OT 3Toro OT'IaCTH 3aBHcen xo.n; 11c-
Top11qecKHX co61>1THH. KoponeBa Jiy113a BMern11Banac1> B
IIOJIHTHKy, - HeJib3.SI CKa3aTb, 'IT061>1 CJIHIJJKOM YMHO:
TaK, HarrpHMep, B 1807 ro.n;y, 6y.n;yq11 He,ll;OBOJihHa .n;eiicT-
BH.SIMH pyccKoro rnaBHOKOMaH.n;y10mero lieHHHrceHa, oHa
Tpe6oBana .n;JI.SI Hero «KeyTa»; B1>1pa)l(aJia TaK)l(e )l(eJiaHHe
«IIJIIOHYTL B nm~o» BeJIHKOMY KH.SI3l0 KoHcTaHTHHY IlaB-
JIOBH'ly*, - 'ITO, KCTaTH CKa3aTh, He O'leHh B.Sl)l(eTC.SI c
He6eCHblM o6JIHKOM, KOTOpblH H306pa)l(alOT B CBOHX Tpy-
.n;ax BOCTOp)l(eHHble HeMeIJ;KHe 611orpa<l>1>1 KOponeBbl.
rnaBHblM rrpe.n;MeTOM ee HeHaBHCTH 6bIJI, pa3yMeeTC.SI,
HarroneoH. <l>paHu;y3CKHH HMrrepaTOp Ben c Heil BOHHy,
HH'lero K ero cnaBe He rrp116aBJI.S110my10. BoeHHhle 610n-
neTeHH 1806 ro.n;a - o<P11IJ;HaJI1>H1>1e .n;oKyMeHT1>1, .n;a eme
TaKHe! - Hap.SI.n;y c coo6meHH.SIMH o 6necT.SII.QHX rro6e.n;ax,
0 60JibIJJHX HCTOpH'leCKHX .n;enax co.n;ep)l(aT B ce6e MeJIKHe,
rpy60BaT1>1e, a TO H rrpocro rpy61>1e B1>111a.n;1>1 rrpoTHB
rrpyccKoii KoponeB1>1. KaKHM-TO o6pa3oM Harroneoa Y3-
aan 0 ee YBJie'leHHH u;apeM H HCIIOJib30BaJI 3TY TeMy
caM1>1M aerro.n;o6a10m11M o6pa30M. B 17-M 610nneTeHe
coo6maeTC.SI, 'ITO B Bepn11ae aaii.n;eaa KapTHHa, mo6pa-
)l(a10ma.S1 KoponeBy B o6mecrne AneKcaa.n;pa I: «Elle a l'air
de regarder l'empereur de Russie»··. KapTHHa 3Ta, aa1111-
caaaa.S1 KaKHM-TO .n;o6p1>1M HeMu;eM B caMoM Bepaorro.n;-
.n;aHHOM .n;yxe, 6e3 TeHH KOBapaoro yM1>1cna, 06'b.S1Bn.S1eTc.S1
«cKaa.n;an1>aoii», B1>1pa)l(aeTc.S1 ae.n;oyMeHHe - qero, Mon,
CMOTpena rrpyccxa.SI IIOJIHIJ;H.SI? B 610nneTeHe 19-M, rrocne
3aH.SITH.SI BepnHHa <l>paHIJ;y3CKHMH BoiicxaMH, OTMe'laeTc.SI,
'ITO B crran1>He xoponeB1>1 aaii.n;ea rropTpeT pyccxoro
u;ap.SI!
Bee :no He rroMernano Harroneoay 1103.n;aee BcrpeTHTL-
C.SI c KOponeBOH J1Yff30H B rropy MHpHblX rreperoBopoB.
PoJIL ee B Te 11cTop11qecx11e .n;HH .n;ocTaTO'IHO H3BeCTHa. B
IlpyccHH .SIBHO rrepeou;eHHBanH o6a.SIHHe xoponeBLI J1Yff3LI.
Ee aapo'IHO Bhl3Ban11 .n;JI.SI rreperoBopoB c rro6e.n;HTeneM B
Ha.n;e)l(,ll;e, 'ITO «He6ecHoe BH.n;eHHe» CM.Sir'IHT cep.n;u;e Harro-
neoHa H .n;o61>eTC.S1 y Hero nyqru11x ycnoBHH MHpa. Pac'leT
6LIJI CTOJib )l(e HeOCHOBaTeJILHblH, CKOJib CTpaHHblH ( oco-
6eHHO co cTopoH1>1 <l>p11.n;p11xa B11n1>ren1>Ma III). Ilpyccxa.SI
KoponeBa HarroneoHy' BH,ll;HMO, O'leHb He IIOHpaBHnacL;
.n;a ecn11 61>1 H rroapaB11nac1>, pe3yn1>TaT 61>m 61>1, aaBepHoe,
TOT )l(e. 11x HCTOpH'leCKOe CBH,ll;aHHe MHOro pa3 OIIHChIBa-

' Waliszewsky, t. I, p. 215 .

.. «Ona KaK 6y,11TO CMOTpHT ua HMilepaTOpa PoccHH» ((/ip.).
3 ..
67
noch 11cTop11xaMH. KoponeBa Jly113a r0Bop11na o ,n;enax,
HanoneoH nepeBo,n;11n pa3r0Bop Ha TyaneTb1: «Kaxoe Ha
Bae npexpacHOe nnaTbe! r.n;e Bbl ero ClIIHJIH? .. » EcJIH
BepHTb H3BeCTHOMY paccxa3y (reiiHe, IlOMHHTCSI, HanHCaJI
Ha :ny TeMy CTHXH), xoponeBa B 3aKJIIO'l:eHHe c KOKeT-
JIHBOH ynh16xoii npoTsi:Hyna eMy I.{BeTox: «rocy,n;aph,
B03bMHTe :ny p03y H ycTynHTe HaM Mar,n;e6ypr!..» Hano-
neoH B3SIJI po3y 6e3 oco6eHHoro BOCTopra - H Mar,n;e6yp-
ra He ycTyn11n. «ranaHTHOCTb TYT o6olllnacb 6h1 MHe
CJIHlIIKOM ,n;oporo», - IlHCaJI OH )1(03eqmHe.
MeMeJihcxoe CBH,n;aHHe He HMeno BmKHbIX Henocpe,n;cT-
BeHHbIX nocne,n;cTBHii. Ho Ha HeM BnepBbie HaMeTHJIOCb TO
HanpaBJieHHe pyccxoii BHelIIHeii IlOJIHTHKH, KOTOpoe 060-
pBaJIOCb JIHlllb B 1914 ro,n;y. lfanaraw xpaTKo ,n;ena He3Ha-
tJ:HTeJibHbie, qacTHbie, JIH'l:Hble H HHCKOJibKO He COMHeBa-
IOCb B TOM, 'l:TO Tor.n;a, KaK H Tenepb, OT HHX 3aBHCeJIH
BeJIHKHe HCTOpH'l:eCKHe co6bITHSI.

VI.
IlOJibCKHH Il03T B 3IlHrpa<l>e K CBOeii Il03Me IlOCTaBHJI
cnoBa Max11aBenn11: «Bisogna essere volpe e leone» («Ha-
,n;o 6bITb JIHCHI.{eii H JlbBOM»).
A,n;aMa qapTopb1cxoro He nw611n11 B BbICllleM o6me-
CTBe IleTep6ypra. OH HMeJI penyrnl{HJO qenoBexa rop,n;oro
H Ha,n;MeHHOro. y TOHKHX IlCHXOJIOrOB O'l:eHb npHHSITO
KJIHllle: «no,n; MaCKOH rop,n;OCTH» qeJIOBeK SIK06bI CKpbIBaJI
xpaiiHJOIO CBOIO 3aCTeH'l:HBOCTb. 3TO He CJIHlIIKOM IlOHSIT-
HO, HO KTO 3HaeT, MO)l(eT 6bITb, Tax 6bIJIO c qapTOpbIC-
KHM. «Ilo,n; BH,ll;OM XOJIO,n;HOCTH H c,n;ep)l(aHHOCTH y Hero
BeCbMa ,n;o6poe cepMe», - coo6man caxcoHCKHii ,n;Hn-
JIOMaT Po3eHI.{Beiir , npH3HaBaBlIIHH 3a KHSI3eM H 3aMetJ:a-
TeJibHbIH YM, H TBep,n;bIH xapaKTep. IleTep6yprcxoe o6me-
CTBO IlO,ll;03peBaJIO B HeM KOBapHoro yqeHHKa MaKHaBeJI-
JIH: eCJIH 6bI OH TOJibKO 6bIJI JieB - B,n;pyr OH H JIHCHI.{a?
IlotJ:eMy HHOCTpaHHoii noJIHTHKoii Pocc1111 Be,n;aeT nonb-
CKHH KHSI3b, eme He,n;aBHO cpa)l(aBlIIHiicsi: c pyccKHMH Boiic-
xaMH? qapTOpbICKHH, IlOBTOpSIIO, HMeJI OCHOBaHHSI oco-
6eHHO qacTO no,n;qepKHBaTb, 'l:TO OH He pyccKHH, a IlOJISIK,
tJ:HCToxpoBHbIH nonSIK. B TOH CI.{eHe BCTpeq11 c HHM KHSI3SI

' «PyccKall CTapHHa», 1880 r., T. 29, crp. 811

68
 AH.n:pe.SI, c KOTopoii Ha•urnaeTC.SI HacTO.SIIlla.SI cTaTb.SI, y
ToncToro oqeHb BepHo no.n;qepx1rna10TC.S1 o6a HacTpoemrn:
H noJIHTHqecxoe He,noBepHe, H JIHqHoe HepacnonmxeHHe K
qapTOpbICKOMY xapaKTepHbl AA.SI oqeHb MHOrHX npe.n:cTa-
BHTeneii pyccxoii 3HaTH Toro BpeMeHH.
HeT, qapTOpbICKHH He 6b1JI nocne.n:oBaTeneM MaxHa-
BeJIJIH H HHKaKHX KOBapHbIX QeJieii OH ce6e He CTaBHJI. Ha
IlOCTY pyccxoro MHHHCTpa HHOCTpaHHbIX .n:en OH c IlOJIHOH
HcxpeHHOCTbJO cnyxrnn PoccHH, - HO cnyxrnn eii TOJibKO
noToMy, qTo B TY nopy cqHTaJI ee HHTepecbI coBna.n;aJOillH-
MH c HHTepecaMH TionbIIIH. 11HTepechI PoccHH KH.SI3b
A.n:aM noHHMan no-cBoeMy. B TeqeHHe HeKoToporo BpeMe-
HH OH HCKpeHHO BepHJI B Te H,neH, KOTOpble Ha HbIHeIIIHeM
IlOJIHTHqecKOM .Sl3bIKe MO:>KHO 6bIJIO 6bI Ha3BaTb H,ne.SIMH
JlHrH HaQHH, H HMeHHO OT HHX :>K.D:aJI BOCCTaHOBJieHH.SI
po.n;HHbI. TI03.nttee OH c Toil :>Ke .n:o6pocoBecTHocTbJO npH-
men K MbICJIH, qTo PoccHH HY:>KHa BOHHa. PoccHH BOHHa
6blna He TaK y:>K HY:>KHa. Ho Tionhma .n:eiicTBHTeJibHO
Morna BOCC03.n;aTbC.SI TOJibKO B pe3yJibTaTe BOHHbl.
BoiiHbI c xeM? Kor.n:a qHTaemb nHCbMa n10.n:eii Toro
BpeMeHH (nHCbMa, a He HX BOCilOMHHaHH.SI: B BOCilOMHHa-
HH.SIX BCe npHBe,neHO B He06b1qaifHy10 JIOrHqecxy10 .SIC-
HOCTb), BH.D:Hlllb TY :>Ke xaOTHqecxy10 KapTHHy, qTo Ha6JIJO-
.n:aeTC.SI B EBpone H ceifqac. 3a ro.n:, 3a HeCKOJibKO MeC.SIQeB
.n:o HaCTynneHH.SI BCeMHpHO-HCTOpHqecKHX co6bITHH caMbie
Bb1.n;a101IlHec.S1 n10.n:H (6b1Tb MO:>KeT, 3a HCKJIJOqeHHeM Ha-
rroneoHa) COBepmeHHO He 3HaJIH, xy.n:a OHH H.D:YT H qTo
:>K.n;eT Hx: MHp? BOHHa? c KeM BOHHa? c KeM COJ03? KTO
.n:pyr? KTO Bpar?
B 1804 ro.n:y cTano orrpe.n:en.SITbC.SI, qTo PoccH.SI 6y.n:eT
BOeBaTb c «oyoHanapTe». :Oopb6a c TaKHM rrpOTHBHHKOM
Tpe6oBana COJ03a c repMaHCKHMH CTpaHaMH, H B qacTHO-
CTH c TipyccHeii, BOeHHbIH rrpeCTH:>K KOTOpoii ellle CTO.SIJI
BbICOKO rrocne no6e.n: <l>pH.n;pHxa BeJIHKoro. EcJIH co103 c
Heil 6bIJI HeB03MO:>KeH, cne.n:oBaJIO, Ka3aJIOCb 6b1, .n:o6H-
BaTbC.SI ee HeiiTpanHTeTa. Me:>K.n:y TeM Beeb rrnaH qap-
Topb1cxoro CTpOHJIC.SI Ha TOM, qTo6bI, .D:BHHYB O.D:HY ap-
MHJO rrpoTHB HanoneoHa, .n:pyry10 cocpe.n:oToqHTb Ha
rrpyccxoii rpaHHQe. Tipe.n:rronaranoch ynhTHMaTHBHO rro-
Tpe6oBaTb OT 6epJIHHCKoro rrpaBHTeJibCTBa rrporrycxa
3TOH BTOpoii apMHH qepe3 npyccxy10 TeppHTOpHlO. B
cnyqae BeCbMa BepO.SITHOro OTKa3a, 110 TbIC.Slq pyccKHX
BOHCK .D:OJI:>KHbl 6bIJIH BToprHyTbC.SI B TipycCHJO H pa3-
rpOMHTb ee. HanoneoHoM, oqeBH.D:HO, MO:>KHO 6bIJIO 3a-
c
H.S1TbC.S1 H IIOTOM. ToqKH 3peHH.SI HHTepeCOB PocCHH IIJiaH
69
6h1JI coBeprneHHO 6eccMhICJieHHhiil. Ho ecJIH 6h1 Ilpyccm1
B BOilHe He yqaCTBOBaJia, TO OTOlile,l(lIIHe K Heil TIOJihCKHe
3eMJIH TaK 3a Heil 6hI H OCTaJIHCb. B OTCYTCTBHH JIHChHX
qepT y KH}l3}1 qapTOpbICKOfO COMHeBaTbC}I He npHXO,l(HT-
C}I. Ero HCTop11qecKa}I poJih B nopy Tex co6bITHil c oco6oil
CHJIOil IlOCTaBHJia CTapy10 H T}IX<eJiylO npo6JieMy ,l(BOil-
Horo no.n.naHCTBa, HJIH, ecJIH yro,n:HO, ,l(BOilHoro naTpHO-
TH3Ma.

VII.
IlpoTHB HanoJieoHa, B noMom;h aBcTpHilu;aM, 6hlJia
,n:BHHyTa 50-ThIC}lqHa}I apMH}I KyTy3oBa, cocTaBJI}IBlila}I
npH6JIH3HTeJihHO qeTBepTYJO qaCTh BOopyX<eHHhlX CHJI
Pocc1111. ,[l;Be ,npyrne pyccKHe apMHH q11cJieHHOCTh10 B 90
ThIC}lq qeJioBeK, no.n KOMaH,noBaHHeM M11xeJihCOHa, npe.n-
Ha3HaqaJIHCh oqmu;H03HO «,l(JI}I yrp03hI IlpyccHH», a Ha
caMoM ,neJie ,l(JI}I BOilHhI c Heil. ohIJia, HaKoHeu;, no.nroToB-
JieHa em;e qeTBepTa}I .necaHTHa}I apMH}I rp. ToJicToro,
K0Topy10 oTnpaBHJIH MopeM H3 KpoHrnrn,n:Ta B lllTpaJih-
3yH,n, qT06h1 y,napHTh Ha IlpyccHlO c ceBepa. Ha TIOCT
BepxOBHOfO rJiaBHOKOMaH,ny10m;ero HaMeqaJIC}I. 3HaMeHH-
Thlil reHepaJI Mopo, ,naBHO nopBaBrnHil c peBoJI10u;11eil H
6hIBlIIHil JIHqHhIM BparoM HanoJieoHa. Ero npe.nnoJiara-
JIOCh BhlllHCaTh ,l(JI}I :noil u;eJIH H3 AMepHKH, r.ne OH Tor.na
X<HJI. 0ThICKaJIH cooTBeTCTBy10m;11il npeu;e,neHT: IleTp Be-
JIHKHil B cBoe BpeM}I ,l(JI}I BOilHhI co IIIBeu;11eil xoTeJI
HaH}ITh B AHrnHH MaJih6opo.
MoX<Ho cnopHTh, HYX<Ha JIH 6hIJia Pocc1111 BOilHa c
HanoJieOHOM, npo,noJIX<aBrna}IC}I, c nepephrnaMH .npy)l(6b1,
OKOJIO ,neC}ITH JieT, CTOHBlila}I MoCKBhl H COTeH ThlC}lq
JIIO,l(eil, He ,naBlila}I HHqero, KpOMe BOeHHOil CJiaBhl, KOTO-
poil H TaK TIOCJie cyBopOBCKHX TIOXO,l(OB 6bIJIO BTIOJIHe
.nocrnToqHo. Ho yX< Boilaa-To c Ilpycc11eil HHKOMY pernH-
TeJihHO B Pocc1111, KpOMe A,naMa qapTophICKoro, HYX<Ha
He 6bma. BechMa CTpaHHO 6hIJIO H pacnpe,neJieHHe CHJI.
HanoJieoa cq11TaJIC}I BeJI11qailrnHM BOeHHhIM reHHeM.
<l>paHI.J;HjJ: B TY nopy nepe)l(HBaJia nep110.n, KOTOph1il, 6y,neM
aa.ne}IThC}I, X<,neT H Pocc1110. IlocJie KpoBaBhIX peBOJIJO-
I.J;HOHHhIX JieT o6pa30BaJiaCb npoqHa}I H MOl.lJ;Ha}I BJiaCTh

' lion:1aHOBH'I. HCTopm1 uapCTBOBaHHll HMnepaTopa AneKca~pa I, T II,

CTp. J-6.

70
Bo rnaBe c oireHb YMHbIM irenoBeKoM, o6ecneirHBIIrnM
CTpaHe 'leJIOBe'leCKHe ycJIOBH51 iKH3HH. Ilo HenOH51THbIM
JaKoHaM OCB060AHJiaCb HaKanJIHBaBIUa51C51 BeKaMH no-
TeHJ:J;HaJibHa51 :meprH51 HapOAa. 060JHa'laJIHCb CKaJO'IHbie
ycnexH CTpaHbl BO Bcex nO'ITH o6naCT51X, KpOMe JIHTepa-
TYPbI (M51 KOTopoii:, KpoMe HJBeCTHoro ypoBH51 cBo60AhI,
Heo6xoAHMa ycTOH'IHBOCTb 6h1Ta). HacireT CBoero orpoM-
Horo HaIJ;HOHaJibHoro nOA'heMa <l>paHIJ;H51 eI.IJ;e Morna B
Te'leHHe MHOrHX JieT BeCTH 6opb6y co Bceii: OCTaJibHOH
EBponoii:.
KaJanocb 6hl, M51 6oph6b1 c TaKHM npoTHBHHKOM
HaAO 6hmo cocpeAOTO'IHTb Bee penrnTeJibHO CHJibI. MeiK-
'AY TeM no ITJiaHy AAaMa qapTOpbICKoro TpH ireTBepTH
ycHJIHH PoccHH HanpaBJI51JIHCb Ha 6opb6y c IlpyccHeii:!
,[(enanocb 3TO, oireBH'AHO, c cornacm1 HMnepaTopa AneK-
caHApa, - Bcero irepe3 TpH roAa nocne MeMeJihCKoro
CBHAaHm1, rAe 6bmo nonoiKeHo Hairano TecHoii: APYiK6e
o6eHX CTpaH.
3To He AOJiiKHO YAHBJI51Tb 'IHTaTeneii:. To iKe caMoe
npOHCXOAHJIO BcerAa, npoHCXOAHT H B Harne BpeM.SI. JleT
copoK TOMY HaJaA «HcTopHirecKHM BparoM» PoccHH cirH-
Tanacb, HanpHMep, AHrJIH51. fIOJAHee npoHJOillJIH cyI.IJ;e-
CTBeHHhie nepeMeHbl. JlIOAH Ramero nOKOJieHH51 BHAeJIH H
«KoBapHbIH Anb6HOH», H «HalllHX A06necTHbIX 6pHTaHc-
KHx COI03HHKOB», H «JIOpAaM no MOpAaM», H HAHJIJIHIO
11AeHa B JIHTBHHOBCKoii: nOAMOCKOBHoii:. MoiKHO, KOHeir-
Ho, B03pa3HTb, 'ITO B caMoii: PoccHH Ja npoMeiKyToK
BpeMeHH, OTAeJI51lOI.IJ;HH JlaMCAop<t>a OT JlHTBHHOBa, npo-
H30IllJIH AOCTaTO'IHO JHa'IHTeJibHhie nepeMeHb1·. Ho B APY-
rHx cTpaHax H 6eJ BC.SIKHX BHYTpeHHHX nepeMeH «HcTopH-
irecKHe Bparm> MeH51IOTC51 AOCTaToirHo iracTo. IlaBen I
nepemen B HCTOpHIO c penyTaQHeii: 6eJyMIJ;a rnaBHbIM
o6pa30M nOTOMy, 'ITO y Hero KOpeHHbie nepeMeHbl B
HanpaBJieHHH BHelllHeii: noJIHTHKH npoHCXOAHJIH Ha npOT51-
iKeHHH AByx-Tpex HeAeJih, a He ABYX-Tpex neT.
<l>opMaJibHO K Ilpycc1111 6hmo npeA'h51BJieHo Tpe6oBa-
HHe nponycTHTb irepe3 npyccKy10 Tepp11Top1110 BoiicKa,
KOTOpbie, COBMeCTHO c aBCTpHHIJ;aMH, AOJiiKHbl 6bIJIH Aeii-
CTBOBaTb npOTHB HanoneoHa. Tpe6oBaHHe 6bmo CTOJib
iICe Henenoe, KaK H BC51 3Ta BOeHHO-nOJIHTH'leCKa51 3aTe51:

• B 1935 r. A . .11,!leH, TOr,!la MHHHCTp HHOCTpaHHhlX ,!leJI BeJIHK06pHTaHHH,

nocernJI CCCP. 3TO 6blJI nepBblli, nOCJie 1917 r., ocl>HUHaJibHblli BH3HT npe.z:tCTaBH-
TeJill 6pHTaHCKOrO npaBHTeJibCTBa. rpa4> B. H JlaMC,!lOpcl> - MHHHCTp HHOCTpaH-
HhlX .z:teJI PoccHH c 1900 no 1906 r. M. M. JlnTBHHOB - napKOM HHOCTpaHHhlX ,!leJI
CCCP c 1930 no 1939 r. - llpuM. peo.

71
.wrn coe.D;HHeHH.sl c aBCTpHii:QaMH He 6hIJIO HHKaKOH Ha.n;o6-
HOCTH npoxo.n;HTh 11epeJ Ilpyccmo. Bnpo11eM, qapTOpb1c-
KHii: nO'ITH H He CKpbIBaJI, 'ITO BC.sl ero noJIHTHKa CTpo-
HJiaCh Ha HenpHeMJieMOCTH Tpe6oeaHH.H .D;JI.H npyccxoro
npaBHTeJihCTBa. JI106onbITHO H TO, 'ITO HCXO.D;HJI OH -
COBeprneHHO HCKpeHHO - HJ «HapO.D;HbIX npae»: no co-
BpeMeHHOH TepMHHOJIOrHH - HJ npaea Hapo.D;OB Ha caMO-
onpe.n;eJieHHe. Ho B cocTaBJieHHoii: HM JanHcKe roeopH-
JIOCh, 'ITO «B cny11ae KpaiiHeii Ha.n;o6HOCTH» IlpyccHH BJa-
MeH OTKaJa OT noJibCKHX JeMeJih MO)l(HO 6y.n;eT npe.n;-
JIO)l(HTb roJIJiaH.D;HIO! ABCTpHSI B 6naro.n;apHOCTb Ja TO )Ke
.D;OJI)l(Ha 6bIJia noJiy'IHTb «EaeapHIO H Te o6JiaCTH B lllea-
61111 H <l>paHKOHHH, KOTOpbie OHa caMa Bb16epen>. qap-
TOpbICKHH corJialIIaJICSI TaK)l(e no.n;apHTb KaKOMy-n1160 HJ
3pu;repu;oroe BeHeQHIO.
11 TO cxaJaTh: 3TO HH'lero eMy He CTOHJIO. OH «CaMo-
onpe.n;en.sin» TOJihKO Ilonhrny.

VIII.
B copoxa eepcTax OT JI106n11Ha, Ha 6epery BHCJihI,
pacnOJIO)l(eHO BeJIHKOJienHoe HMeHHe qapTOpbICKHX -
Ilynaehl. CTapb1ii: JaMOK XVI eexa (enpo11eM, He paJ nepe-
CTpa11eaelIIHiic.s1) OKpy)l(eH ca.n;aMH, B KOTOpbIX, no Mo.n;e
poMaHTH'leCKOro BpeMeHH, 6bIJIH ycTpoeHbl rpOThl, na6H-
pHHTbl, 11cxycCTeeHHb1e CKaJihI. Ha.n; pexoii KH.sirnH.H qap-
TOpb1cxa.s1 BhICTpOHJia «xpaM CHBHJIJihI», TaM qapTOpbIC-
KHe co6panH caMbie paJJIH'IHbie HCTOpH'leCKHe peJIHK-
BHH - OT Me11a Bna.n;11cnaea JloKOTKa .n:o npaeoii: pyxH
qapHeu;xoro H rOJIOBbl )l{oJIKeBCKOro, BbIKynJieHHOH Ja
6oJiblIIHe .n;eHhrH y Typox. Bnocne.n;cTBHH, B u;apcTBOBa-
HHe HHxona.si I, B JaMKe 6b1JI ycTpoeH HHCTHTYT cenh-
cxoro xoJSIHCTBa H IlynaBhI npeepaTHJIHCh B Hoeo-Anex-
caH.n;p1110.
B JaMKe 3TOM oceHhIO 1805 ro.n;a npoHJOlIIJIO co6b1-
THe, KOTOpoe MO)l(eT 6bITb npHJHaHO BbIClIIeii: TO'IKOH
.n;py)l(6bI B MHOroBeKOBOH HCTOpHH nOJihCKo-pyccKHX OT-
HOlIIeHHH. IlpHH.slB BOeHHO-nOJIHTH'1ecxy10 nporpaMMY
KH.HJ.si A.n;aMa, HMnepaTop AnexcaH.n;p pernHJI, B JHaK
oco6oii: MHJIOCTH K HeMy H K nOJISIKaM B0061Qe, no nyTH B
apMHIO norocTHTh y qapTopbICKHX B Ilynaeax. OH npH-
6hm B JaMOK B HO'lb Ha 18 (30) ceHrn6pSI 1805 ro.n;a, -
npH6bIJI B ycnoe11six .n;oBOJihHO Heo6hI'IHhIX. Ky11ep u;apsi
Ja6ny.D;HJIC.sl B Jiecy H B.D;o6aBOK paJ6HJI KOJI.slCKy, HaCKO'IHB
72
 Ha neHh. Ilo cqacThIO, npoeJ)J<aBIIIHH c 6oqKoii BHHa
pa3HocqHK-eBpeii, roBOpHT HCTOpHK, B3SlflCSI )J;OCTaBHTh
QapSI B IlynaBhl. AneKcaH.n;p I, coBepIIleHHO HJMyqeHHhlH,
OKaJancSJ B JaMKe TOflhKO B .n;Ba qaca HoqH. Ero HHKTO He
:>K,n;an H He BCTpeqan. OH He Benen 6y.n;HTh xoJSJeB H, He
paJ,n;eBaSJCh, JacHyn B nepBoii nonaBII1eiicS1 KOMHaTe. To-
nhKO HayTpo qapTOphICKHe yJHanH, KaKoii rocTh HOqhJO K
HHM npH6hm. KHSJrHHSJ lfaa6enna oTnpaBHnacb 6naro-
.n;apHTh HMnepaTopa Ja qecTh, OKa3aHHYIO HX .n;oMy. «He
BaM MeHSI 6naro.n;apHTh, KHSlrHHSI, - OTBeqan Qapb, -
a MHe Bae: Bbl .n;anH MHe Moero nyqII1ero .n;pyra».
B Ilonhllie HaqanHCh Heo6hIKHOBeHHh1e TOp:>KeCTBa.
qapTOpbICKHe KaK MOrnH pacnpOCTpaHSinH H3BeCTHe 0
nnaHe HX ChIHa. K HHM B IlynaBhI xnhrnyna JHaTh. «Cy-
~ii npenhCTHTenh» 6hm qpe3BhJqaiiHO MHflOCTHB H nI0-
6e3eH co BceMH. CoBMeCTHO coBepII1anHCh nanoMHHqecT-
Ba B «xpaM CHBHnnhI». 0.n;HH HJ nonhCKHx rocTeii, Ka:naH
KoIIIMSJH, nHcan: «EcnH 6hl HMnepaTop AneKcaH.n;p 6hln
qacTHhIM nHQOM, OH Bee :>Ke OCTaBanCSI 6bl caMbIM KpacH-
BhIM, caMhIM npHBeTnHBhIM B o6pameHHH H caMhIM 6na-
roBOCilHTaHHbIM qenoBeKOM B MHpe. Ilo:noMy MO:>KHO
ce6e npe.n;cTaBHTh, KaKoe oqapoBaTenhHOe BneqaTneHHe
npoHJBo.n;Hn 3TOT caMo.n;ep:>KeQ MOryiQecTBeHHeiiIIlero ro-
cy.n;apCTBa, 6nHcTaBII1Hii Bceii Kpacoii pacQBeTa10meii Bec-
HhI H c.n;enaBIIIHHCSI c Haqana CBOero QapCTBOBaHHSI npe.n;-
MeTOM IlOKflOHeHHSI CBOHX no.n;.n;aHHhIX H qy:>Ke3eMQeB, Ha-
.n;e:>K.n;OIO Bcero qenoBeqecTBa».
3TH ,IJ;HH 6hlnH anoreeM cnaBhl, BflHSIHHSI H cqaCThSI
KHSJ3SJ A.n;aMa qapTophICKoro. Bee JHanH, qTo nnaH BOC-
cOJ.n;aHHSJ IlonhIIIH npHHa,n;ne:>KHT eMy H .n;ep:>KHTCSI Ha
HeM o.n;HOM. Ilpe.n;nonaranoch, qTo nocne no6e.n;hl CHaqa-
na Ha.n; IlpyccHen, noToM Ha.n; HanoneoHoM Bee nonhCKHe
JeMnH 6y.n;yT o6'be,n;HHeHhI: AneKcaH.n;p IlaBnOBHq .n;on-
:>KeH 6hln CTaTh nonhCKHM KOponeM. KHSJ3h A.n;aM Mor,
BepoSITHO, npeTeH.n;oBaTh Ha nocT HaMeCTHHKa. OcTaHaB-
nHBanHCh nH Ha 3TOM ero MeqThI? HeK0Toph1e HJ co-
BpeMeHHHKOB HaMeKanH, qTo He npoqh 6hln CTaTb KOpo-
neM H OH caM. Mo:>KeT 6bITh, OH paccqHThrnan, qTo, B
.n;yxe HX naMSJTHoro paJroBopa B TaBpHqecKoM ca.n;y,
Qaph no.n;apHT eMy IlonhIIIY? Bo BCSJKOM cnyqae, qap-
TOphICKHH cqHTan CBOe .n;eno BhIHrpaHHhIM. B .n;enellie OT
28 CeHTS16pS1 H3 IlynaB pyccKOMY nocny B BeHy OH npSIMO
3aSJBnSJn: «Ero BenHqecTBO peIIIHn HaqaTh BOHHY npOTHB
IlpyccHH».
Bee pyxHyno B O.n;HH .n;eHh.
73
 IX.
Kax :no npoM30IIrno, MhI, K co)l(aJieHmo, B TO'IHOCTM
He 3HaeM. He no;:i;Jie)l(MT coMHeHmo, 'ITO B IIeTep6ypre
6Jiaropa3yMHbie JIIO}J;M He;:i;oyMeBaJIM Bee 6oJibllle. Y KHB3B
A;:i;aMa eme ;:i;o Toro 6hlBaJIM HenpMBTHhie CTOJIKHOBeHMB c
pyccKMMM caHOBHMKaMM. O;:i;Ha)l(;:i;b1 3a o6e;:i;oM y n;apB npM
o6cy)l(;:i;eHMM ero nJiaHoB II. II. ,[(oJiropyxoB npBMO eMy
CKa3aJI: «Bbl paccy)l(}J;aeTe KaK IlOJibCKMH KHB3b, a B pac-
cy)l(}J;aIO KaK pycCKMH KHB3b». «qapTOpbICKMH no6Jie;:i;HeJI
M YMOJIK». ,[(oJiropyxoB C'IMTaJICB B IIeTep6ypre rnaBOH
«pyccxoii napTMM». Ho, co6cTBeHHO, ;:i;eJio 6brno He B 3TOM,
a B BOeHHO-IlOJIMTM'leCKOH HeBblilOJIHMMOCTM nJiaHa. ,[(JIB
ero ocyrnecTBJieHMB Ha;:i;o 6bIJIO cHatiana B3BTh BaplllaBy,
noToM EepJIMH M, HaxoHen;, IIapM)I(! BepoBTHO, B BoeHHhIX
Kpyrax BCHO IlOHMMaJIM, 'ITO eCJIM n;eJib pyccKOH IlOJIMTMKM
3aKJIIOtiaeTCB B BOHHe c HanoJieOHOM, TO HeJib3B o6'bBBJIBTh
BOHHY IIpyccMM; eCJIM )Ke n;apb XO'leT CMJIOH OT06paTb y
IIpyccMM noJibCKMe 3eMJIM, TO HeT HMKaKMX lllaHCOB Ha
no6e;:i;y Ha;:i; <l>paHn;Meii. Paccy)l(;:i;eHMe 6b1JI0 ;:i;ocTaTO'IHO
npocToe. CJiy'IMJIOCb JIM B;:i;o6aBoK 'ITO-JIM6o B IIyJiaBax B
nopy npe6bIBaHMB TaM n;apB? IIoJiy'leHhI JIM 6hIJIM ;:i;enelllM
M3 EepJIMHa? IIMchMO xopoJieBbI JlyM3b1? Kax 6h1 TO HM
6hIJIO, 4 OKTB6pB, T.e. pOBHO '1epe3 He;:i;eJIIO IlOCJie ;:i;enelllM
nocJiy B BeHe, AJiexcaH;:i;p IIaBJIOBM'I o6'hBBMJI KHB3IO
qapTopbICKOMy, 'ITO nepe;:i;yMaJI M Bbie3)1(aeT B EepJIMH }];JIB
neperoBopoB c npyccKMM xopoJieM.
3TO 6hIJIO, pa3yMeeTCB, y)l(aCHbIM y;:i;apoM M }];JIB qap-
TOpbICKoro, M MB ero ceMbM, M MB Bcex IlOJIBKOB B006-
me. Mo)l(HO npe;:i;noJIO)l(MTh, 'ITO B nocJie;:i;HMe ;:i;HM ;:i;Byx-
He;:i;eJibHoro npe6brnaHMB n;apB B IIyJiaBax TaM HaCTpoe-
HMe 6hIJIO He CJIMIIIKOM npmITHoe. AJiexcaH;:i;p IIaBJIOBM'I
rOBOpMJI, 'ITO 3TO 6hIJIO «CaMoe y)l(aCHOe BpeMB ero )l(M3-
HM». KaK rJiaBa MMHMCTepCTBa MHOCTpaHHbIX ;:i;eJI, KHB3b
A;:i;aM, ecTeCTBeHHO, nocJie;:i;oBaJI 3a n;apeM B IIpyccMIO.
«Ha CMeHy nyJiaBCKOH M}J;MJIJIMM npM6JimKaJiaCb no-
TC}J;aMCKaB MeJio;:i;paMa», - nMllleT reH. H. K. IIIMJib}J;ep*.
Bnpo'leM, B IIoTc;:i;aMe 6bma TO)l(e M}J;MJIJIMB, HO ;:i;py-
raB: npe)l(HBB, MeMeJibCKaB. ,[(JIB KOpOJieBbl JlyM3bl npo-
II1e}J;II1Me TPM ro;:i;a 6hmM ;:i;oJirMM O)l(M}J;aHMeM HOBOH
BCTpetIM c n;apeM. B O}J;HOM M3 CBOMX IlMCeM K rP.aqmHe
<PoH <l>occ oHa B3BOJIHOBaHHo-pa;:i;ocTHO coo6maeT *: n;aph
cKa3aJI reHepaJiy BMHI.J;eHrepo;:i;e, 'ITO HadeemcR M :J1Ce/laem

' H.K. IIIHJJh.llep. HMneparnp ArreKCaH.llP I, T II, CTp 180.

" «Deutsche Rundscham>, t. 86, 1896.

74
 CHOBa c Heii BCTpeTHTbC.SI (3TH CJIOBa no.n;11epKHBaeT caMa
KOponeBa). «PyccKHH HMnepaTop He HMeJI IlOH.SITH.SI, KaK
rny6oxo xoponeBa B3BOJIHOBaHa», - roBopHT 6Horpa<l>
xoponeBbI JlyH3bI Eaiine". ,ll;yMa10, 'ITO 11yBCTBa xoponeBhI
6hIJIH AnexcaH,n;py IlaBJIOBH'IY H3BeCTHbI He xy)J(e, 11eM
HeMeu;xoMy HCTOpHKy. CHMBOJIH'leCKHH pe3yJihTaT BCTpe-
'IH yBeKOBe'leH H Ha nonyn.si:pHOH KapTHHe: 4 HO.S16p.si: 1805
ro.n;a npyccxa.si: xoponeBcxa.si: 11eTa H u;apb B 11 11acoB
Be11epa BOIIIJIH B IlOTC,ZJ;aMCKYIO rapHH30HHYIO u;epKOBb H
Ha,n; rpo6oM <l>pH,n;pHxa BeJIHKoro noKJI.SIJIHCb .n;pyr .n;pyry
B Be11Hoii .n;py)J(6e. 3To reHepan IIIHJih,n;ep H Ha3hIBaeT
«noTc,n;aMcxoii Meno.n;paMoii». Bo3MO)J(HOCTb BOHHbI Me)J(-
.llY IlpyccHeii H PoccHeii oTnana Ha.n;onro: Ha cTo .n;ec.si:Tb
neT. Ehmo 3axn1011eHo H IlHCbMeHHoe cornaIIIeHHe, TO)J(e
.llOCTaTO'IHO H3BeCTHOe.
IlyTh H3 «xpaMa CHBHJIJihI» K noTc,n;aMcxoii rpo6HHu;e,
OT qapHeu;xoro H )J(onxeBCKOro K <l>pH,n;pHxy BeJIHKOMY
6bIJI npo.n;enaH B caMOM .n;ene O'leHb 6bICTpO. IlOJibCKHH
HCTOpHK ,n;yMaeT, 'ITO B IlynaBax HMnepaTop AnexcaH,n;p
«MHCTH<l>m.tHpoBaJI» non.si:KOB. BepHee, OH npocTo o.n;y-
Manc.si:, BbIH.ll.SI m nynaBcxoii aTMoc<l>epbI. Y AnexcaH.n;pa
IlaBJIOBH'la )l(eJiaHHe HpaBHTbC.SI JIIO.ll.SIM - TeM, B o6me-
CTBe KOTOpbIX OH HaXO.llHJIC.SI, - 6bIJIO CHJibHO IlO'ITH .llO
6one3HeHHOCTH. He no.n;Jie)l(HT, o,n;Haxo, coMHeHH10, 'ITO
OH O'leHb KOJie6aJIC.SI H B IlynaBax, H eme .llO IlynaB.
qapTopbICKOMY 6hIJIO OT Toro He ner11e. B .n;eHb 3axn1011e-
HH.S1 IloTc,n;aMcxoro .n;oroBopa .n;eno )l(H3HH KH.S13.SI A,n;aMa
copBaJIOCh HaBcer.n;a. AycTepnnu;xoe nopa)l(eHHe, nocne-
,n;oBaBIIIee 11epe3 Mec.si:u;, y)J(e, B cymHoCTH, TYT HH11ero He
MeH.SIJIO: HCTOpH11ecxa.si: IloJibIIIa He BOCC03,ZJ;aJiaCb 6bI H B
cny11ae no6e,n;hI Ha,n; HanoneQHOM.

x.
Kor.n;a nrpa xoH11aeTc.si: T.Sl)l(eJioii Hey.n;a11eii, napTHepb1
o6bI'IHO B3BaJIHBalOT BHHY .upyr Ha .upyra. Tax 6hmo
nocne AycTepnnu;a B OTHOIIIeHH.SIX Me)l(.uy HMnepaTopoM
AnexcaH.upoM H KH.si:3eM A.uaMOM qapTOpbICKHM. l(apb c
.llOCTaTO'IHbIM npaBOM Mor .llYMaTb, 'ITO eMy B IlynaBax
npe,llJiaraJIH BeCbMa Hey.ua'IHblH nJiaH. qapTOpbICKHH, co
CBOeii CTOpOHbl, He 6e3 OCHOBaHH.SI 6hIJI He.llOBOJieH nepe-
MeH'IHBOCTblO H HepeIIIHTeJibHOCTblO u;ap.si:. 3a BJiaCTb
KH.Sl3b A.uaM He u;enn.si:nc.si: HHCKOJihKO. B .llOIIIe.UIIIHX .uo Hae
' Paul Bailleu. Koenigin Luise, p. 162

75
 nuebMax OH nO'ITH HeH3MeHHO npoenT QapR 06 OTeTaBKe.
«BaurnMu noeTynKaMn u pe'laMn, - nueaJI OH B anpene
1806 ro,IJ;a AneKeaH)J;py IlaBJIOBH'ly, - Bb1 noeTORHHO
Bblpa)l(aJIU JIHrnb eBoe Hey,IJ;OBOJibeTBHe u eo)l(aJieHue no
noBO,IJ;Y Beero e)J;eJiaHHoro. Bbl qaeTo BbleKa3brnanu no
3TOMY noBo)J;y ynpeKn, roBopunu, 'ITO Bnpe)J;b Bae He
noifMaJOT>>. He eTeeHRJieR u eaM KHR3b A,1J;aM. ,[(yMaJO,
'ITO 3a BeJO ueTOpHIO Poeeuu HU O,IJ;UH U3 MUHUeTpOB, He
ueKJIJO'laR rpal}>a BHTTe, He rOBOpHJI e QapRMU B TaKOM
TOHe, KaK qapTOpb1eKnif. «Barne BenuqeeTBO, no-BH)J;HMO-
MY, B3RJIH ee6e Ja npaBHJIO pyKoBo,IJ;eTBOBaTbeR nurnb
nepBoif npurne,1J;rneif Ha yM u,1J;eeif» ... «Barne BenuqeeTBO
HUKOr)J;a HHKOMY He ,IJ;OBepReT BilOJIHe, BOT IlO'leMy, 6b1Tb
MO)l(eT, HU O,IJ;HO npe,1J;npHRTHe He 6hlJIO BbIIlOJIHeHO TaK,
KaK 3TO 6bIJIO 6bl )l(eJiaTeJibHO» ... «Barne npueyTeTBHe BO
BpeMR AyeTepnHQKoro epa)l(eHnR He npuHeeno HHKaKoif
noJib3bl, )J;a)l(e B TOH nMeHHO qaeTu, r,1J;e Bbl Haxo,1J;unueb,
BoifeKa 6bIJIH TOT'lae )Ke eoBeprneHHO pa36HTbl, n Bbl
eaMu, Barne BennqeeTBO, )J;OJI)l(Hbl 6bIJIH noenernHo 6e-
)l(aTb e IlOJIR 6nTBbI» ... l1HOr,IJ;a npu 'ITeHHH )J;JIUHHeHllIUX
MeMopaH,IJ;YMOB qapTOpbieKoro BbIHOeHrnb Bile'laTJieHue,
6y)J;TO OH HapO'IHO IlO)J;6upaJI Bee TO, 'ITO MOrJIO 3a,IJ;eTb
HMnepaTopa u )J;OeTaBHTb eMy HenpHS!THOeTb. I.J,apb B
nuebMaX OTBe'laJI e)J;ep)l(aHHee H JIHrnb Bbipa)l(aJI eO)l(aJie-
HHe, 'ITO qapTOpbieKHH «IlOJlb3yeTeSI yenyraMH UHOeTpaH-
Qa )J;JIR nepenueKu Ha'lneTo 6yMar no,1J;o6Horo po,1J;a». Eme
MHoro no3,IJ;Hee AneKeaH)J;p IlaBJIOBH'I Ha'lnHaJI eBou nu-
ebMa K KHR3JO e o6pameHHR «)J;Oporoif )J;pyrn H KOH'laJI
enoBaMn «Beeb Barn ,1J;yrnoif u eep,1J;QeM». Ho 3TH enoBa
60Jibrne HU'lero He 3Ha'IHJIH: OT ,1J;py)l(6b1 oeTaBaJIOeb He-
MHOro, o6mHoeTU H,IJ;eH y)l(e He 6hlJIO H eJie)J;a. B 1807
ro,IJ;y KHSl3b A,1J;aM 6bIJI yBoJieH B oTeTaBKY no nporneHHJO,
a TpeMR ro)J;aMH no3,IJ;Hee HaBeer,IJ;a noKnHyn IleTep6ypr.
Ceopb1, Bnpo'leM, y Hero e QapeM He 6hlJIO. AneK-
eaH)J;p I, npu eBoux Bee 6onee pe)J;KHX BeTpeqax e )J;pyroM
MOJIO)J;OeTu, 6hlJI e HHM JIJ06e3eH no-npe)l(HeMy. B nopy
6opb6bl e HanoneoHoM Qapb, no-BH,IJ;HMoMy, eTapaneR
nenOJib30BaTb IlOJibeKHe eBSl3U u BJIHSIHHe qapTOpbieKoro.
KHS13b A,1J;aM, Ka)l(eTeR, He BrronHe oeB060,1J;une.si OT un-
JIJ03HH OTHOeHTeJibHO paenOJIO)l(eHHSI K HeMy Qap.si. Iloene
BeHeKoro KOHrpeeea OH TBep)J;O paee'IUTbIBaJI, 'ITO eTaHeT
76
HaMeCTHHKOM BHOBb C03,ll;aHHOro QapCTBa fIOJibCKOro .
.[(pyrHM B03MO:lKHbIM KaH,ll;H,ll;aTOM Ha 3TOT nocT C'IHTaJICR
npecTapeJibIH KocnollIKO. K o6meMy H3YMJieHHIO, Ha3Ha-
tieH 6bIJI HHtfeM He 3aMetfaTeJibHbIH reHepaJI 3aHOH'leK.
3To 6bmo nocJie.D:HHM y.D:apoM MR KHR3R A.D:aMa.
«qTO TaKoe o6mecTBeHHOe 6e,ll;CTBHe no cpaBHeHHlO c
JIH'IHOH HenpHRTHOCTbIO?» - CKa3aJI KaK-TO, B nopbIBe
QHHH'IHOH OTKpoBeHHOCTH, rpacp Ceriop. JI OTHIO.D:b He
xoqy CKa3aTb, 'ITO HMeHHO JIH'IHOH HenpHRTHOCTblO onpe-
,ll;eJIRJiaCb ,ll;aJibHeHlllaR nOJIHTHtfeCKaR pa6oTa qapTOpbIC-
KOro: OH 6bIJI qeJioBeK qpe3BhI'laliHo nopR.D:O'IHhIH. Ho
MOrJia HMeTb 3HatfeHHe H o6H,ll;a. 3aHOHtfeK, KOHetfHO, He
HMeJI npaBa 6hITb ero conepHHKOM, - XOTb, co6CTBeHHO,
H caM KHR3h A.D:aM He Mor C'IHTaThCR JaKOHHhIM xaH.D:H.D:a-
TOM, ecJIH 6bm :lKHB Ta.D:eYlll KocTIOllIKO. Kax 6h1 To HH
6bIJIO, BCR ,ll;aJihHeHlllaR :lKH3Hb qapTOpbICKOro nOCBRil.(eHa
6hma onno3HQHH. OH JaHHMaJicR B fIOJibllle o6mecTBeH-
HOH pa60TOH. rJiaBHbIM ero npOTHBHHKOM 6hIJI HeHaBHCT-
HbIH BceM IIOJIRKaM HoBOCHJibQeB, KOr,ll;a-TO 6JIH:lKaHllIHH
.D:pyr H TOBapHm KHR3R A.D:aMa no neTep6yprCKOMY «Ko-
MHTeTy o6mecTBeHHOrO cnaceHHR».
Kax qacTo 6b1BaeT, onno3HQHR npHBeJia qapTopbIC-
xoro K peBOJIIOQHH. OH MR Hee HHKaK He 6bm C03.D:aH.
fIOJibCKOe BOCCTaHHe 110,ll;rOTOBHJIH TaHHble o6mecTBa:
<<el>IrnapeThI», «cpHJIOMaTbI», «IIaTpHOTbI», «KOCQbI», «npo-
MeHHCTbI», «.D:PY3bR», «TaMIIJIHepbI», <<HaQHOHaJibHbie Ma-
COHbl». Bee 3TO HaM 3HaKOMO no HCTOpHH TaHHblX 06-
mecTB B ,ll;pyrHx CTpaHax, oco6eHHO B 1-ITaJIHH, OTtfaCTH H
B PoccHH. obIJIH H B floJibllle «KaiomHeCR .D:BOpRHe»,
OTMeHRBIIIHe «IIaHllIQH3Hy», XO,ll;HBllIHe B Hapo,ll; H ,ll;a:lKe
3aBO,ll;HBllIHe xpeCTbRHCKHe o6mHHbl «6e3 qacTHOH co-
6CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO». fIOJibCKHH KpeCTb.SIHHH 6hIJI TO-
:lKe 6oroHoceQ H TO:lKe HOCHJI B ,ll;yllle COQHaJIHCTH'leCKHe
H.D:eaJihI. EorouocQaMH 6bmH, BnpotieM, H Bee pellIHTeJih-
HO ,ll;pyrHe uapO,ll;bl. B 3TOH o6JiaCTH HHKTO HH'lero HOBOro
He Bhl.D:yMaJI·. Kor.D:a 6y.D:eT HanHcaHa napaJIJieJihHaR He-

• He.11asHo 11 npo11en y '.lKopl!Ca ,[{10aMen11, '!TO AJ!ll cj>paHUY3CKoro Hapo.11a

CJIOBO «miserable» OAHHaKOBO 03Ha'laeT H Hec'!aCTHOfO, H npecTynnHKa. KalOCb,
06pa.11osanc11 JTOii HaXO,llKe, KaK CTapoMy, O'leHb crapoMy 3HaKOMOMy. noJJCTOJJe-
THll y Hae nHCaJJH 0 ABOHHOM CMblCJJe, KOTOpblH pyccKHii uapo.11 npn.11aeT CJIOBY
«nec11acrneHbKHii», H .11enanu H3 noro caMble YAHBHTeJJbHble BblBOAbl A soT,
OKa3blBaeTCll, H HOpMaH,llCKHii KpeCTbllHHH TOl!Ce 6oroHoceu

77
TOpmi: HaUHOHaJihHOrO ;zyxa pa3HbIX eTpaH, o6Hapy)l(aTe.SI
BeJIH'laiinrne HeO)l(H,L(aHHOeTH.
KH.S13h A.L(aM qapTopbieKHH 6LIJI He,L(oeTaTO'IHO MOJIO.L(
M.SI Hrph1 B «c}mnapeThI» H B «c}mnoMaThI»·, - nonhexoe
BOeeTaHHe eoBnaJIO e ero meeTH,L(ee.SITHJieTHHM I06HJieeM.
Kaxoii y)I( OH 6bIJI peBOJIIOUHOHep! TineM.SIHHHKY noene.L(-
Hero nOJibeKoro KOpOJI.SI, po,L(eTBeHHHKY HeMeUKHX BJia,L(e-
TeJihHbIX npHHUeB, 6LrnmeMy .L(pyry HMnepaTopa Anex-
eaH.L(pa, HaKOHeu, BJia,L(eJihUY TiynaB H MHOrHX Tble.Sl'I
«.L(ym» HH B KaKHX BoeeTaHH.SIX ,L(eJiaTh 6hIJIO He'lero. Ho,
no eBOeMy HMeHH, no ,L(eKopaTHBHOeTH eBoeii qmryphl,
OT'laeTH H no o6iueMy 6e3JIIO,L(hl0, OH HeHJMeHHO BbIUJlhl-
BaJI B Ka)l(,L(OM 60JihlllOM nOJiheKOM ,L(eJie. .51 nHean B
.L(pyroM MeeTe, 'ITO Bee peBOJIIOUHH Ha'IHHaIOTe.SI e JIIO,L(eH
THTynoBaHHhIX, - HX enHeox ,L(JIHHeH: TYT H rpacl> 3eeexe,
H MapKH3 Jiac}>aiieT, H KH.Sl3h JlhBOB, H Maxe na,L(eHeKHH,
H KapoiiH. Tionhma HeKJIIO'leHH.SI He eoeTaBHJia. A.L(aM
qapTOpbieKHH eTaJI BO)l(,L(eM BOeeTaHH.SI 1830 ro,L(a. 3TOT
peBOJIIOUHOHep DOHeBOJie «B03rJiaBJI.SIJI» peBOJIIOUHIO npH-
6JIH3HTeJibHO TaK, KaK y Hae ee «B03rJiaBJI.SIJI» B c}>eBpane
M. B. P0,[(3.SIHKO.

Kax HJBeeTHO, BoeeTaHHe Ha'lanoeh e Hana,L(eHirn Ha

EenLBe.L(epexHii ,L(Bopeu. BenHKHH KH.Sl3h KoHeTaHTHH
TiaBJIOBH'I enaee.S1 H yexan B Bep6Hy. K HeMy OTnpaBHJIH
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,L(enerauHH MO)l(HO ey.L(HTb no TOMy, 'ITO ):(Ba ee 'IJieHa,
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JIOBH'la TOT'lae BepHyTbe.SI B BapmaBy, a oeTaJibHbie ):(Ba,
JieneBeJih H OeTpoBeKHH, y6e)l(,L(aJIH ero HHKOr.L(a 6onhme
B TionLmy He B03BpaiuaThe.SI.

KH.S13h A.L(aM 6bIJI HJ6paH npe3H.L(eHTOM HauHoHaJih-

Horo npaBHTenheTBa. 3.L(eeh ero pa6oTa enHBaeTe.SI e
DOJiheKOH HeTopHeii, HO eKa3aTb 0 HeH MOiKHO HeMHoro:
qeJIOBeK .SIBHO ,L(eJiaJI TO, qero He yMeJI H He XOTeJI ,L(e-
Jia1'h, - peBOJIIOUHIO. Cxopo OH 6LIJI eBeprHyT, 6eJ
00Jlh3hl ,L(JI.SI peBOJIIOUHH, HO H 6e3 Be.SIKOro ,L(JI.SI Hee Bpe,L(a.

• «<l>HJJoMaTLI» - TaiiuaR oprauuJalUIR cryi1euTOB BHJJeHcKoro yuusepcuTeTa

e 1817-1823 rr Oi1uu HJ opraHHJaTOpoe - Ai1aM Mm.1KeBH'I «<l>HJJapeTLI» -
<lmnuan oprauHJalUIH «lj>unoMaTOB» - flpuM peo

78
qapTop1>1cKnii 3arrucanc.si: B apMHIO, rrpo~enan c ueii ue-
c11acTn1>1li rroxo~ u naBcer~a rroxuuyn po~uuy.

XI.
OqepK 3TOT ue KacaeTC.sJ ~e.si:TeJibHOCTH qapTOpbICKOro
3a rrpe~eJiaMn Poccuu. 0 ero )J(ff3HH B u3ruauuu cne~o­
BaJIO 61>1 uarrucaTb oco6y10 pa6oTy. PoJib KH.sJ3.sJ A~aMa B
o6m:eeBporreiicKOH HCTOpHH KOH'IHJiaCb, co6CTBeHHO, em:e
B 1807 ro~y. " y)J( BO BCSIKOM cnyqae B 1831-M. Ho M.sI
I10JI1>111u on ~ocTaTO'IHO rropa6oTaJI u 3a rpauun;eii. Ou
61>IJI ueMoJio~; B cym:uocTn, on y)J(e ~O)J(HBaJI Terrepb cBoii
BeK, HO ~O)J(HBaJI ero c 6JieCKOM " c ~OCTOHHCTBOM.
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79
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:ucTop:uqecKOM C'leTe HeB03MO:>KHO. )J;eBH3 KpaCIUihCKoro
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80
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81
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Жтефина Бошрне
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85
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86
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87
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88
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KOMHJiacb c )1{03e<l>HHOH.

89
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90
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3HaMeHHTbie eeHrn6pbeKHe y6wuerna: 2 ceHrn6psi 1792
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93
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ceHTH6pbCKHX y6HHQ, OTnhIXaH OT pe3HH, IlOCTaBHJIH K
CTeHe ca6JIH, - HX KpOBaBhIH cnen TYT H OTIIe'iaTaJICH.
IloKa3blBaIOT B MOHaCTbipe H CTapyro HanrrHCh, cnenaH-
HYIO Ha cTeHe KapaHnarnoM: «0, cBo6ona, Korna rrepecTa-
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nHeH KaK Mhl apeCTOBaHbI: roBOpHT, Hae 3aBTpa BhIIIYCTHT:
HO, 6b1Th MOX<eT, 3TO rrycTaH HaneX<na? .. » CnenyroT TPH
rron1rncu: Citoyenne Tallien, Josephine veuve de Beau-
harnais, d' Aiguillon.
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94
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95
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caMoM HaCTOjJ:IQeM CMLicne cnoBa, .na H QeJIL ero TYT
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eT. 3To 6hIJIO ,IJ;JISI ropocKona He TaK nJioxo. Bee :>Ke Ha,lJ;o
npHHSITb BO BHHMaHHe, qTO npe,ll;CKa3aTb 60JiblIIOe rope
:>KeHlll;HHe, CU,IJ;Sllll;eH c My:>KeM B nomnnqecKOH TIOpbMe B
nopy He6hrnaJioro Teppopa, MOX<HO 6hIJIO 6e3 oco6eHHoro
pncKa; a ecJIH 6hr )1(03ecpnHa He «yQenena», TO H cnparnn-
BaTh c ra,IJ;aJIKH 6hIJIO 6hl HeKoMy. JleHOpMaHrna COCTaBH-
Jia nechMa 6naropa3yMHbIH ropocKon. He coMHeBalOcb K
TOMY :>Ke, qTo oHa TaK nnn HHaqe paccnpocnna nepe,ll;a-
nrnero 3aKa3 qenoBeKa: MS! Koro cocTaBnsieTcsi ropocKon?
3To ,ll;OJI:>KHO 6bmo n ern;e o6nerqnTh 3a,IJ;aqy nopo:>Ken: y
BHKOHTa BorapHe, cornacHo npe~e,IJ;eHTaM, 6bIJIO B HIOJie
1794 ro,IJ;a ,IJ;eBRTb waHCOB H3 ,IJ;eCRTH nonaCTb Ha
3rnacpoT.
,[(ensiToro TepMn,ll;opa 3aKn10qeHHb1e B KapMcKoii TIO-
pbMe BApyr ycnhrrnann Ha6aT. floqTn O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO
KaKOH-TO ,IJ;06pblH qeJIOBeK no,ll;6pocnJI UM c BOJIU 3anncKy,
noTpS!ClIIYIO Bcex 3TUX o6peqeHHblX JIIOJJ;eii: «Po6ecnbep
rn6HeT, qac nawero ocB060X<,1J;eHnsi 6nn30K» ... Bc10 HOqb
HUKTO H3 3aKJIIOqeHHblX, no npHHSITOMY Bblpa:>KeHUIO,
He CMbIKaJI rJia3. qac OCB060:>K,IJ;eHHSI ,IJ;eHCTBUTeJibHO Ha-
CTaJI, HO SIBUJICSI B TIOpbMY oqeHb CTpaHHblH OCB06o-
,IJ;HTeJib: JleX<aH,ll;p, TOT caMbIH, KOTOpblH U306peJI «Tonop
pa3yMa». 3ToT qenoneK nocne Ka3HH Jl10,ZJ;oBnKa XVI
Tpe6oBaJI, qTo6hI Teno KOpOJISI 6bIJIO pa3py6neHO Ha
83 qacTn H pa30CJiaHO no BHOBb BBe,ZJ;eHHbIM BO <I>paHQHH
83 ,ZJ;enapTaMeHTaM. <I>peii.LJ; cKa3aJI 6hl, qTo TYT npo-
SIBHJIOCb HaqaJIO no,ZJ;C03HaTeJibHOe: Jle:>KaH,ZJ;p B MOJIO-
,ll;OCTU 6hIJl MSICHHKOM.

VI.
TparnKoMe,ZJ;nsi Jle:>KaH,ll;pa n MHornx ,ZJ;esiTeneii 9 Tep-
MH.LJ;opa 3aKJIIOqanacb B TOM, qTo OHH COBepweHHO He
noHnMann CMbICJia npon3Be,IJ;eHHoro HMM nepeBopoTa. He-
KOTOpb1e H3 HUX 6bIJIH HCKpeHHO y6e:>K,ZJ;eHbl, qTo CBeprnn
Po6ecnhepa, TaK cKa3aTb, cneBa: OHH cqnTann ero cnnrn-
98
 KOM yMepeHHbIM 'leJIOBeKOM. bblJIH B MX 'IMCJie M mo.rui:,
eme He,n;aBHO Ha Po6ecnhepa MOJIMBIImecJI. TaK Teneph B
MocKBe MHhie caHOBHHKM MOJIJITCJI Ha CTaJIMHa, - He
3HaIO, BilOJIHe JIM yBepeH B MX JII06BM COBeTCKMH ,D;MKTaTop,
'leJioBeK. BeChMa nerJiynhlii M xoporno 3HaIOIUMH CBOIO
rnaiiKy. MonMJICJI B cBoe BpeMJI Ha Po6ecnbepa M Jle)l(aimp,
neMaJio cnoco6crnoBaBIIIMH 9 TepMM,n;opa OTnpaBJieHMIO
«Heno,n;KynHoro» Ha 3rnaciJoT (OH )Ke 3aKpbJJI JIK06MHCKMH
Kny6). Ha.n;o JIM 6hIJIO Jle:>KaH.n;py Jarna,n;MTh He,n;aBHMe
MOJIMTBbl, IIIeBeJibHYJIOCb JIM 'ITO-TO y Hero B .n;yrne, - OH,
Ka:>KeTCJI, nepBbIH 6poCMJICJI B TIOpbMbl OCBo6o:>K,n;aTb 3a-
KJIIO'leHHbIX. «Ero BCTpeTMJIM, KaK aHrena» ...
POJib He.n;opa3yMeHMJI B MCTOpMM <l>paHQY3CKOH peBo-
JIIOQMM M BOo6me qpe3BbI'laHHO BeJIMKa, - OHa He OQeHe-
Ha MCTOpMKaMM: HaM 3TO BM,D;Hee B CBeTe co6hITMH, KOTO-
pbie npoMcxo,n;JIT B CCCP. IlpociJeccop Onap BhmycTMJI
orpoMHoe MCCJie.n;oBaHHe, nocBJIIUeHHOe «La Reaction
Thermidorienne». Ho B .n;pyroii cBoeii pa6oTe oH 'leCTHO
npM3HaJICJI, 'ITO ynoTpe6JIJIJI 3TO Bbipa:>KeHMe HeOXOTHO:
no cpaBHeHMIO c QapcrnoM Po6ecnbepa, TepMM,n;op 03-
Ha'laJI He peaKQMIO, a nporpecc. 11 ,n;eHCTBMTeJihHO, JIIO,D;M,
3Ha'IMTeJibHaJI 'laCTb KOTOpbIX co6Mpanacb TOT'laC IlOCJie
CBep:>KeHM.SI ,D;MKTaTopa npMCTYilMTb K Ka3H.SIM «no-HaCTO.SI-
meMy», Ha caMOM .n;ene nonoX<MJIM KOHeQ Teppopy. Kor.n;a
BOJieH cy.n;e6 BbI.SICHMJIOCb, 'ITO nepeBopoT 6bIJI npoH3-
Be,n;eH BO MM.SI ryMaHHOCTM, OHM B 60JibIIIMHCTBe c IlOJI-
HOH roToBHOCThIO npMH.SIJIM M TaKoe TOJIKOBaHMe: MHa'le
MX, BO MM.SI ryMaHHOCTM, HenpeMeHHO OTnpaBMJIM 6hI Ha
3rnaciJoT.
B TY npM6JIM3MTeJibHO nopy BO <l>paHQMM 6bIJIO BHOBh
c.n;enaHO BeJIMKOe OTKpbITMe: c o.n;o6peHM.SI Ha'laJihCTBa
6hIJIO npM3HaHO, 'ITO :>KM3Hb npeKpacHa, 'ITO JIIO,D;M :>KMBYT
TOJibKO pa3 M 'ITO :>KM3Hbl0 Heo6xo,n;MMO IlOJib30BaThC.SI.
B Hapo.n;e M B o6mecTBe cTaJIM roBopMTh, 'ITO He MernaeT
o.n;eBaThC.SI npMJIM'IHO; 'IT9 BOBCe He o6.SI3aTeJihHO XO,D;MTb
rp.SI3HbIM M He6pMTbIM; 'ITO HeT rpexa ,n;a:>Ke B ny.n;pe;
'ITO HM'lero nnoxoro HeT B TaHQax, - npe:>K,n;e TaHn;eBaJIM
«CM-,n;eBaHhI»·, a Tenepb M Mbl IlOTaHn;yeM. 0,n;MH M3
r JiaBHbIX 6aJIOB 6bIJI ycTpOeH HeCKOJibKO Il03,D;Hee B
KapMcKoii TIOpbMe, B TOH caMoii, r.n;e coBeprnaJIMCh ceH-
T.SI6pbCKMe y6MHCTBa M r.n;e eme TaK He,n;aBHO CM,D;eJIM
cynpyrn EorapHe.
«BO:>K,ll;JI)) BO <l>paHD;MM IlOCJie 9 TepMM,n;opa He OKa-

' CH-nesanh! - 6&rnwHe (rfip. Jes ci-devant). - lipuM. pea.

99
 3aJIOCb. Ilpe)J(.n:e 6bIJI BeeMH npH3HaHHbIH, BeJIHKHH H re-
HHaJihHbIH BO)J(.lJ:h, Heno.n:KynHhIH Po6eenbep. M npH HeM,
KaK npH CTaJIHHe JleHHH, He MeHee (HJIH pa3Be TOJihKO
':IYTO':IKY MeHee) 5IpKHM, HO 3arpo6Hb1M (H IlOTOMy, B
eMbieJie KOHKypeHQHH, 6e3onaeHblM) eBeTOM HeepaBHeH-
HOro BeJIH':IH51 eBeTHJie51 MapaT. Tenepb TaKoro BO)J(.lJ:51 He
6bIJIO. Ilpe.n:eTaBHM ee6e, ':ITO noeJie eMepTH JleHHHa B
CCCP He oxaJanoeh 6b1 HH CTaJIHHa, HH Tponxoro, a
6bIJIH 6b1 TOJihKO 3HHOBbeBhI e PymyTaI<aMH. Mo)J(eT
6h1Tb (H .n:a)J(e HaBepHoe), y.n:anoeb 6bI e.n:eJiaTb BeJIHKHM,
reHHaJihHhIM, HeepaBHeHHhlM H Py.n:JyTaxa. Ho 3TO 6hlJIO
6b1 aee-TaKH Tpy.n:Hee. Taxoao 6blJIO noJIO)J(eHHe BO <l>paH-
QHH noeJie TepMH.n;opa. Po6I<o npo6oBaJI BhICTaBHTh CBOIO
xau.n;H.n;aTypy B HeepaBHeHHble TaJiheH, - He BhIIIIJIO.
Ilpo6oaan Eappae, - xax 6y.n;To Ha'laJio BhIXO.n;HTh, HO He
XBaTHJIO BpeMeHH: y Meff51 onpe.n;eJieHHOe Bile'tfaTJieHHe,
':ITO Eappae Mor eTaTb HecpaBHeHHhlM. EMy npoeTo He
IlOBe3JIO.
roBOp5IT, ':ITO B nopy peBOJIIOQHH Beer.n;a paCTeT «e0-
3HaTeJihHOeTh Hapo.n:a». YTO'IHHM eMhren noH»THH. JIIO.n;H
Toro BpeMeHH, 3a pe.n;KHMH HeKJIIO'tfeHHBMH, npOBBJIBJIH
.n;eHCTBHTeJihHO qpe3BbI'tfaHHYIO C03HaTeJibHOeTb: Ka)KJJ;bIH
H3 HHX BilOJIHe e03HaTeJihHO eTpeMHJie51 K eo6eTBeHHOH
Bhiro.n;e. He Ha.n;o npeyBeJIH':IHBaTb H eTeneHb HX JI)KHBO-
CTH: npeyeneBIIIHe HJIH Ha.n;e»BIIIHeeB npeyeneTb 6blJIH H B
eaMOM .n;eJie O'tfeHh JJ;OBOJibHhI; .n;pyrHe enaeaJIH, ':ITO MO)K-
HO 6b1JIO enaeTH, - nopOIO CB06o.n;y HJIH )KH3Hb, - .n;a H
He O'tfeHb pa3.D;YMbIBaJIH Ha.n; eBOHMH eJIOBaMH H noeTyn-
KaMH npH OTeyTeTBHH eBo6o.n;HOH KpHTHKH, npH IlOJIHOH
MopaJihHOH 6e30TBeTCTBeHHOeTH, npH Bceo6me:U Kpyro-
BOH nopyxe H3 eOMHHTeJibHbIX HJIH npOCTO HH3KHX no-
eTynKOB H eJioB. M10paT, 6y.n;ymHii HeanoJIHTaHCKHH xo-
poJih, TOJibKO HaUOJIOBHHY MOIIIeHHH'tfaJI, Kor.n;a npOCHJI 0
pa3peIIIeHHH eMy Ha3bIBaThe» MapaToM. Ey.n;yma» HM-
nepaTpHna )1{03eqmHa TOJihKO Ha TPH 'tfeTBepTH Bpana,
HMeHy» ee6» «eaHKIOJIOTKOH-MOHTaHh»pxo:U». B peBOJIIO-
QHOHHhIH KoMHTeT III ro.n:a, KOTOpblii npaBHJI Tor.n:a
<l>paHQHeii, BXOJJ;HJIH, KaK H3BeCTHO, O.lJ:HH 6y.n:ymn:U KHB3b,
TpHHa.n:naTh 6y.n;ymHx rpal}>oB H n»Th 6y.n:ymHx 6apoHoB.
He Bee OHH 6blJIH )KYJIHKaMH: MHOrHe H3 HHX .D:OBOJibHO
HeICpeHHO BOeTopraJIHeb B TY nopy C03HaTeJihHOeTblO pe-
BOJIIOQHOHHOro naxap». H MaJieHhKHM no.n;o3pHTeJibHhIM
IlBTHblllIKOM Ha IlOBaJibHOH e03HaTeJihHOeTH HaceneHHB
l}>paHQy3eKOH eTOJIHQbl 6bIJI orpOMHbIH, Bee poeIIIHH, ace
paeIIIHp5IBIIIHHeB yenex JleHOpMaHIIIH.

100
 VII.
Ee Bhmyenurn H3 nopbMhI no11TH O)J;HOBpeMeHHO e
)J(o3e<l>nHoii. Pa3yMeeTeB, reHHaJibHaB peKJiaMHeTKa Ta-
KHX eo6hITHH He ynyeTHJia. B 1794 ro)J;y eymeeTBoBaJI
eBoeo6pa3HbIH BbielliHH «IIIHK»: «eH,IJ;eJI B nopbMe, e MH-
HYTbl Ha MHHYTY JK,IJ;aJI Ka3HH, )];a BOT 11y,1J;OM enaeno
)J;eBBTOe TepMH)J;Opa», - Ha 11y,1J;eeHOM enaeeHHH e rep-
n;oraMH B )J;eHb ,IJ;eBBTOro TepMH)J;Opa e,IJ;eJiaJI Kapbepy He
O)J;HH MOllieHHHK. B,1J;o6aBoK Ma)J;eMya3eJih JleHopMaH Bee
npe,1J;eKa3ana: KaK JKe, oHa eaMoMy Po6eenhepy npe,1J;eKa-
3ana eMepTb no nHKOBoit )J;eBBTKe! Be,IJ;b 3a :no ee noea,IJ;H-
JIH B TlOpbMY H )J;OJIJKHbl 6hIJIH Ka3HHTb no JIH11HOMY
npHKa3y 11y,1J;OBHID;a, HO OHa HHeKOJibKO He BOJIHOBaJiaeb,
TaK KaK rrpe)J;eKa3aJia H )J;eBBToe TepMH)J;opa! HMeHHO B TY
nopy JleHopMaHIJla eTana no-HaeToBm;eMy 3arpe6aTh ,IJ;e-
HhrH ( OHa oeTaBHJia eBOeMy IIJieM.SIHHHKY nBTheOT TbieB11
<l>paHKOB, 11TO, no noKynHOH enoeo6HOeTH, eOOTBeTeTByeT
HeeKOJihKHM MHJIJIHOHaM <l>paHKOB Ha11Iero BpeMeHH). Ka-
JKeTeB, TOr)J;a JKe OHa npeBpaTHJiaeh H B nHeaTeJihHHizy
HJIH, no ee BbipaJKeHHIO, «eTaJia oeTaBJIBTb aeTpOJIB6HIO
YpaHHH pa)];H nepa KnHo».

VIII.
HenerKaB JKH3Hh JK)J;aJia )J(o3e<l>HHY noene BhIXO)J;a ee
H3 KapMeKoii nopbMhl. BepoBTHO, B nepBoe BpeMB eii
6hmo He )J;O )];en: oHa 6hlna eoBep11IeHHO H3My11eHa. Ho
ffYJKHO 6bmo JKHTh, HYJKHO 6bIJIO yeTpOHTh JKH3Hh )J;eTeii.
CoeTOBHHe ee Ka3HeHHoro MyJKa B nopy Teppopa 6hmo
o6'hBBJieHO KOH<l>HeKOBaHHhIM. qepTa HHTepeeHaB H xa-
paKTepHaB. BnaeTBM 6bmo OTJIH11HO H3BeeTHO, 11To reHe-
pan :OorapHe norH6 6e3BHHHo; Tex, KTO oTnpaBHJI ero Ha
311Ia<l>oT, Teneph Bee rpoMHJIH H npoKJIHHaJIH. Ka3anoeb
6b1, Bonpoe pa3pe11IaJieB npoeTo: ene,1J;oBaJio HeMe)];JleHHO
BepHyTh eOCTOBHHe B)J;OBe H )J;eTBM reHepana. Ho peBOJilO-
n;HB OTMeHHJia Bee, KpoMe KaHn;eJIBpHH H KaHn;eJIBpeKOH
BOJIOKHTbI: 3TO Ka3HHTb 11eJIOBeKa MOJKHO 6hIJIO B )J;Ba)J;-
n;aTb 11eTb1pe 11aea; OTMeHa JKe KoHcpHeKan;HH ero HMym;e-
CTBa Morna 3aTBHYTheB H Ha rO)J;hI. KaKaB-TO 6yMaJKKa,
HarrHeaHHaB KaKHM-TO IIHeapeM no npHKa3y KaKoro-TO
ceKpeTapB, eoxpaHBJia eBOlO euny.
101
 Ilo.u ceKBeCTpOM HaXO.UHJiaCb H KBapTHpa caMOH )Ko-
JeqmHhl. C BeJm'laHIIIHM TPY.UOM, npH no.u.uepJ1CKe BJIH.H-
TeJihHhIX mo.ueif, eif y.uaJIOCb .uo6HTbC.H He CH.HTH.H ceKBeCT-
pa, HO paJpeIIIeHH.H BJ.HTb Ha co6CTBeHHOH KBapTHpe ca-
Mble He06XO.UHMbie HJ co6CTBeHHblX Bell{eH. IlJiaTheB, 6e-
Jlb.H y Hee 6brno B TY nopy HeMHoro. Bnocne.ucTBHH
)KoJecpHHa BIIOJIHe ce6.H Ja 3TO BOJHarpa.UHJia: Ja IIIeCTb
JieT CBOero QapcTBOBaHH.H OHa Ha ce6.H HCTpaTHJia -
IIO':ITH HCKJII-O':IHTeJibHO Ha Bell{H H Ha TyaJieThl - OKOJIO
25 MHJIJIHOHOB cppaHKOB. HanoJieOH TOJibKO pyxaMH paJ-
BO.UHJI, nnaT.H no c':IeTaM. Ho .uo QapcTBOBaHH.H 6hmo ell{e
o'leHh .uanexo. B nepBoe BpeM.H nocne TI-OpbMhI )KoJecpHHa
JICHJia IIO':ITH HCKJII-O'IHTeJihHO B .UOJir: KaKHe-TO OIITHMH-
CTbl CHa6J1CaJIH ee .ueHhraMH B Ha.[(eJIC.ue Ha TO, ':ITO, B KOHQe
KOHQOB, CHHMYT JICe KOHcpHCKaQHI-0 c HMyll{eCTBa qeJIOBe-
Ka, KOTOporo Bee IIpHJHaBaJIH HH B 'leM He IIOBHHHOH
JICepTBOH BCeMH npOKJIHHaeMoro Teppopa. IloMoraJIH )Ko-
JecpHHe H po.UHhie. He Ha.uo .uyMaTh, ':ITO oHa JICHJia B
HHU{eTe. EcJIH 6b1 )KoJecpHHa 6bma HaCTO.Hll{eH cppaHQY-
)KeHKOH, OHa, BepHO, rroceJIHJiaCb 6hI B KBapTHpe HJ .UBYX
KOMHaT. Ho y 3TOH 6eCIIOMOU{HOH KpeoJIKH 6hIJIH qepTbI
pyccKOH HJIH IIOJibCKOH 6apbIHH. He HMe.H Ja .D;ylIIOH HH
rpoIIIa, Ha rrony':IeHHble B .uonr .ueHhrH oHa «Heo6hIK-
HOBeHHO .ueIIIeBo» CH.HJia Ha ynHQe Chantereine· 6apcKHH
oco6H.HK c ca.uoM, co CJiyJ1C6aMH, c KOHI-OIIIHeH, o6JaBeJiaCb
JIOIIIa.D;bMH (H .uaJ1Ce - 0 .uaJieKHe BpeMeHa! - KOpOBOH),
HaH.HJia JiaKe.H, noBapa, xyqepa, ropHH':IHhIX.
Ell{e CJIOJICHee 6hIJIH ee HHTHMHbie .uena. J.fa TI-OpbMhI
OHa BbIIIIJia IIO':ITH ocpHQHaJihHOH JII-060BHHQeH reHepana
roIIIa. CB.HJb HX IIPO.UOJIJICaJiaCb, 0.[(HaKo, He.UOJiro: MOJIO-
.UOH reHepan 6hrn BJII-06JieH a .upyry1-0 J1CeHU{HHy. K TOMY
JICe OH 6bIJI Tenepb B MHJIOCTH, IIOJIY':IHJI HaJHa':IeHHe Ha
BbICOKHH KOMaH.[(HbIH IIOCT H .UOJIJICeH 6bIJI yexaTh B ap-
MHI-0. Ilo-BH.[(HMOMy, paccTaJIHCb OHH .UPYJb.HMH. Ilo
KpaHHeH Mepe, roIII BJ.HJ! C C060H Ha cppOHT 13-JieTHero
chrna )K03ecpHHhI, - nycTb rrpHy':IaeTc.H c paHHHX JieT K
BOeHHOMy .ueny.
BepO.HTHO, HMeHHO B 3TY nopy, IIOCJie OT'heJ.ua roIIIa,
)KoJecpHHa BCIIOMHHJia 0 Ma.ueMyaJeJib JleHOpMaH. JJ:o-
CTaTO':IHO .HCHO, ':ITO ecJIH 6h1 H B caMOM .uene CH6HJIJia
IIOCJiaJia eif B CBOe BpeM.H B TI-OpbMY ropocxorr, c MOJIC>-
.UbIM OcpHQepoM, rrpHJBaHHbIM K BeJIHKOMY 6y.uymeMy, H c
.UBeHa.[(QaTbl-0 ro.uaMH He06hI'laHHOro C'laCTb.H, TO y )Ko-

• Hbraewmu1 rue de la Victoire. )J;oM 3TOT .z1aseo ceecee.

102
 3eqmHbl e~e He 6bIJIO OCHOBaHHH BOCTOpraThCH ee rrpopo-
qeCKHM .napoM: HHKaxoro MOJIO)J;Oro o<t>11u;epa OHa He
3HaJia, H Ha He06hI'iaHHOe C'iaCTbe 6bIJIO IIOKa Herroxo:>Ke.
Ho, BepoHTHO, y )J(o3e<l>HHhI ocTaBaJIOCh o ropocxone
Heorrpe.n;eJieHHOe, OT'iaCTH H pa.nocTHOe BOCIIOMHHaHHe:
rope y)l(e npourno, a 'iTO-To :na C11611nna Tor.na rrpe.n-
cxaJhIBaJia H rrpHHTHoe, - Ha.no 6b1 rrora.n;aTh orrHTh.
K O)J;HOH H3 KHHr, H3)J;aHHbIX B Ha'iaJie rrpoumoro BeKa
JleHopMaHrneii, rrpHJIO)l(etta rpaBlopa, H3o6pa:>Karo~aH ee
xa6HHeT. Ha CTOJie Jie:>KaT KapTbl, CTOHT KaKHe-TO TaHHCT-
BeHHhie cocy.n;h1. Ha rnxa<l>y CTOHT rno6yc. XoJHil:Ka CH.ZJ:HT
Ja CTOJIOM, y ee Hor ne:>KHT co6aqxa. BcH xapTHHa .ZJ:hillIHT
crroxoiicTBHeM, My.n;pocThI-O, BeJIH'iHeM Hayx11. B 3TOM
xa611HeTe xax-To H IIOHBHJiacb B.ZJ:OBa BorapHe B corrpoBo-
:>K.n;eHHH o.n;Hoii rrpHHTeJihHHI.J;hI. C11611nna BCTpeTHJia 11x
rpo6oBbIMH CTHxaMH ,[(eJIHJIH: «Ne parlez plus d'amis, de
devoirs, de liens, Plus d'amis, de parents, ni de concitoyens.
Le fils epouvante craint l'abord de son pere; Le frere se
a
detourne }'aspect de son frere»*.
Ilo3T ,ll;eJIHJih 6brn MHJieiirnHii qeJioBeK. MapMOHTeJih
HarrHcaJI o HeM .n;BycTHrnHe: «L'abbe Delille, avec un air
enfant, Sera toujours du parti triomphant» ... Ho 3TO 6hrno
COBeprneHHO HecrrpaBe)J;JIHBO. y ,ll;eJIHJIH .neiiCTBHTeJibHO
6blJia MaJieHbKaH CJia6oCTb: xor.na OH BH)J;eJI O'ieHb BJIH-
HTeJibHOe JIHI.J;O, OH HCIIbIThIBaJI IIO'iTH Herrpeo.n;oJIHMYJ-0
noTpe6HOCTh HarrHcaTb B qecTb JIHu;a o.n;y. A TaK xax
BJIHHTeJibHhie n11u;a B TY nopy qacTo MeHHJIHCh, TO 11
co6paHHe o.n ,ll;eJIHJIH MO:>KHO rrpH3HaTh rrecTpbIM: eCTb y
Hero CTHllIKH B 'ieCTb MOHapxoB H eCTb CTHllIKH B 'ieCTb
peBonrou;110HepoB, OH o.n;HHaKoBo nro611n Map11ro AHTy-
aHeTTy H Po6ecrrbepa, IlloMeTTa H rrarry IlHH VI. 0.n;Haxo
IIHCaJI OH, B 60JibllIHHCTBe CJiyqaeB, COBeprneHHO 6ecxopb1-
CTHO, - BOT KaK H y Hae HHhie II03Tbl COBeprneHHO 6ec-
KOpbICTHO BocxBaJIHI-OT CTaJIHHa: HH rporna OH HM Ja 3TO
He .naeT H He .nacT. Taxoii 6hm y ,ll;eJIHJIH xapaKTep. Bhm
OH MO)J;HbIM II03TOM .no 9 TepMH.n;opa H OCTaJICH HM nocJie
9 TepMH.n;opa, - KTO :>Ke CTaJI 6bI BCilOMHHaTb HeBHHHbie
rpexH CTOJih MHJioro 'ieJioBexa? Co6cTBeHHo, JleHopMaH-
rna npOI.J;HTHpoBaJia He TO, 'iTO HY:>KHO: CTHllIKH 6hIJIH 0
3Jie H y:>Kacax X<H3HH, a Terrepb X<H3Hb 6hIJIO rrpHKa3aHO
JII-06HTh. Ho CH6HJIJia cpa3y .nana ocl>11u;11aJibHhIH TOH

' «He roBopHTe 6oJibWe o ilPY3bllX, o 11onre, o CBll3llX. HeT 6oJibWe ilpYJeil,
pO)lHTeneil, corpaJK11au IIyrnHBblH CblH CTpaWHTCll OTUa lipaT H36eraeT 6paTa»
(rfipJ
«A66aT )J;enHJib c JIHUOM pe6euKa Bcer11a ua CTopoue no6e11HTeneil» ( rfip.).

103
CBOHM OTHOilleHHSIM c )1(03eqmHoii: TOH oepHOH Tparuqec-
KOH .n;py)K6h1. Ha cl>oHe u306pa)KeHHoro o CTHillKax Kooap-
croa 11enooe11ecKoro po.n;a HaMeTnnacb 6e33aBeTHasi, 6ec-
KOpbICTHasi npe,n;aHHOCTh Cn6nJIJihI.
M co cTnxaMn )l;enunsi, u c rno6ycoM, u c «acTponsi-
6ueii YpaHnn», u c «nepoM Knno» JleHopMaHilla 6bma, B
cyLQHOCTH, npocTasi 6a6a. Ho B rnynocTn ee o6onHSJTh
HHKaK HeJib3SJ. A no o6pa3oBaHnIO u caMa )1(03ecl>nHa He
TaK y)K .n;aneKo OT Hee YlllJia. Me)K,n;y HHMH 3aosi3anacb
.n;py)K6a. C TOH nophI Cn6unna npnHnMana y11acTne 11yTh
JIU He BO ocex .n;enax )1(03ecl>nHhl, B TOM 'IHCJie H B HHTHMHbIX
(mrn: .n;a)Ke oco6eHHO - B HHTHMHbIX). K CO)KaJieHHIO, 0
rnaBHOM OHa paccKa3aTb B CBOHX KHHrax He nocMeJia: B
nopy HMnepuu 3TO MOrJIO 6hl qpe3BbI'laHHO He noHpaBHTb-
CSI HanoneoHy, a B nopy PecTaopaQnn Morno He noHpa-
BHThCSJ Eyp6oHaM. M HaM Tpy,n;Ho cKaJaTh, KaKasi 6hlJia
TO'IHaSJ pOJib JleHOpMaHillH B CJIO)KHblX H nyTaHhlX .n;enax,
npOHCXO,ll;HBillHX c )1(03ecl>nHOH B 1795-1796 ro.n;ax.
nocne OT'he3.n;a rollla B,ll;OBa reHepana EorapHe co-
IllJiaCh c oceMoryI.QnM o TY nopy EappacoM, KOTOphIH o
CBOHX BOCnOMHHaHHSIX c Heo6hlKHOBeHHO pbIQapCKHM BH-
,ll;OM H306pa3HJI HX CBSl3b. Ilo-BH,ll;HMOMy, 3TOT repoii
TepMn,n;opa 011eHb eii Hpaouncsi. 0Ha Hpaonnach eMy Me-
Hbllle. Y Eappaca ocer.n;a 6hIJIO MHO)KeCTBO n1060BHHQ, u
peBHOCTh oco6eHHO ero He My11una. rnaoHoii ct>aoopnTKOH
THTYJIOBaHHoro peBOJIIOQHOHepa 6hlJia )KeHa ero copaT-
HHKa no TepMn,n;opy, 3HaMeHnTasi KpacaonQa rocno)Ka
TanheH. Kor.n;a oHa eMy Ha,n;oena, on ee ycTynun o.n;HoMy
HJ Koponeii Tor,n;alllHero Ilapn)Ka, cl>nHaHcncTy Yopapy,
KOTOpbIH Ha nocTaBKax ,ll;JISI apMHH H Ha CKynKe 6yMaru
COCTaBHJI ce6e orpOMHOe COCTOSIHHe. Mo)KHO npe.n;noJia-
raTh, 'ITO Eappac )KeJiaJI cnoKOHHO, 6e3 CQeH u 6e3 pac-
xo.n;oo OT,D;eJiaTbCSI H OT )1(03ecl>nHhl. 3TO 6hlJIO Tpy,n;Hee:
o.n;ooa EorapHe 6hma He TaK y)K MOJio.n;a, a no KpacoTe ee
c rocno)KOH TanbeH HHKTO u He cpaoHHBaJI. HaM Tpy.n;no
OT,n;enaTbCSJ OT one11aTJieHHsi, 'ITO Eappac cTapaTeJibHO
«HCKaJI .n;ypaKa».
«)J;ypaK» HallleJICSI.

IX.
13 BaH,n;eMnepa B 4 c nOJIOBHHOH qaca ,ll;HSI B IlapH)Ke
JarpeMeJia KaHOHa,n;a: KaK rooopnT O,ll;HH cl>paHQY3CKHH
nucaTeJih, «3TO oxo.n;un B ncTopuw EoHanapn>. Eappac
104
nopy•nm 26-JieTHeMy oqm:Qepy no)J.aBHTh BOCCTaHHe posi:-
JIHCTOB, qTo H 6hlJIO C.D.eJiaHo. EoHanapTa B TY nopy
)J.eikTBHTeJibHO He 3HaJI HHKTO. IlOCJie BaH)J.eMHepa <!lpaH-
:QY3CKHe 3MHrpaHThl c He)J.oyMeHHeM cnpaIIIHBaJIH .D.pyr
.D.pyra: qTo 3a EyoHanapTe? KTo TaKoii? «TeppopHCT-
KopcHKaHe:Q, npaBasi: pyxa Eappaca», - nHcan ocBe.D.OM-
JieHHhIH 3MHrpaHT Manne )1.10 IlaH. EoHanapT, Beposi:THO,
npe)J.noqeJI 6hI BOHTH B HCTOpHl-0 HHaqe: OH He BhIHOCHJI
naBpOB rpa:lK)].aHcKoii BOHHhI. Ho ero Kaphepa 6hlna c)].e-
naHa: Eappac Ha3HaqHJI ero KOMaH.D.yIOIQHM apMHeii, pac-
nono:lKeHHOH BO <l>paH:QHH.
BnacTH npe)].nHCaJIH HaceJieHHIO IlapH:lKa C)J.aTh opy-
xme. IloJIH:QHSI cTana o6xo)1.HTh )1.0Ma, 3a111na H K )1(03e-
<1lHHe. Opy:lKHSI y Hee 6b1JI0 HeMHoro: rnnara ee Ka3HeH-
Horo My:lKa, cocTaBJISIBrnasi: co6cTBeHHOCTh EBreHHSI.
ManhqHK B3MOJIHJicsi:: HeJih3SI JIH ocTaBHTh eMy rnnary
OT:Qa? IloJIH:QeHCKHH KOMHCCap OTBeTHJI, qTo )1.JISI 3Toro
Heo6xo)1.HMO pa3perneHHe reHepana EyoHanapTe. EBreHHii
no6e:lKaJI K reHepany. Pa3yMeeTcsi:, TOT HeMe)].JieHHO BhI)].aJI
pa3perneHHe. )1(03e<1lHHa coqna HY:lKHhIM 3aexaTh K Ey-
oHanapTe H JIHqHo ero no6naro)1.apHTh. reHepaJI OT)].aJI
BH3HT - H cTan qacTo 6blBaTh B oco6Hsi:Ke Ha ynH:Qe
Chantereine: OH BJI106HJICS1 B )1(03e$miy. TaK, no KpaiiHeii
Mepe, co cnoB caMoro HanoneoHa, paccKa3h1Ba10T (c ner-
KHMH BapHaHTaMH) HCTOpHKH. Eappac Bee 3TO HaqHCTO
OTpH:QaJI: He 6bIJIO HH nOJIH:QeiicKoro KOMHCCapa, HH rnna-
rH, HH BH3HTa, HH BJI106neHHOCTH. lihIJIO, no ero cnoBaM,
XOJIO)].HOe, 3apaHee 06)1.yMaHHOe HaMepeHHe HH nepe)]. 1.feM
He OCTaHaBJIHBa101Qerocsi: lfeCTOJil-06:Qa: nocpe)].CTBOM :lKe-
HHTb6bI Ha ero, BCeMorYIQero Eappaca, n1060BHH:Qe BOHTH
K HeMy B MHJIOCTh!
Eappacy HH B lfeM BepHTh HeJih3SI. Bcsi: HanHcaHHasi: HM
KapTHHa (BblilYCKal-0 ee :QHHH'IHbie no)1.p06HOCTH) JI:lKHBa H
HenpaB)1.ono)1.o6Ha. 3aMeTHM, O)].HaKo, cne)].yroiQee. MHo-
rHe H3 coBpeMeHHHKOB, 3HaBIIIHX reHepana EoHanapTa,
COBeprneHHO He BepHJIH Bero BJil-06JieHHOCTh B )1(03e<llHHY.
0)1.HH )1.yMaJIH, 'ITO OH no ee 06pa3y :lKH3HH C'IHTaJI B)].OBY
BHKOHTa liorapHe 01.feHb 6oraTOH :lKeHIQHHOH. Ilo MHeHHl-0
)1.pyrHx, ero co6na3HHJia ee coMHHTeJILHasi: 3HaTHOCTh. Ho
B 1833 ro)].y 6LIJIH ony6JIHKOBaHhI nHChMa HanoneoHa K
)1(03e$HHe, H c TOH noph1 Bee no)1.o3peHHSI paccesi:nHch:
IlHChMa 3TH HanHCaHbl co CTpaCThl-0 He06hI1.faHHOH, HX
HHatfe HeJih3SI Ha3BaTh, KaK H3JIHSIHHSIMH qeJIOBeKa, BJil-06-
JieHHOro 6e3 naMSITH. «Thlcsi:qa no:QenyeB, CTOJih :lKe IlJia-
MeHHhix, KaK Moe cep)].:Qe, CTOJih :lKe 'IHCThIX. KaK Thi!» -
105
 BOT CTMJib nMceM HanoneoHa K )1{03eqmHe. Bonpoc 6bIJI
npM3HaH pa3perneHHblM COBeprneHHO.
CoseprneHHO JIM? Tenepb SI He oTsenm 6b1 yTsep-
.L(MTeJibHO c nonHou ysepeHHOCTblO. B 1935 ro.ny noSIBM-
JIMCb B ne•rnn1 nHCbMa HanoneoHa K ero BTOpou JKeHe
MapMM JlyM3e, nponeJKaBrnHe CTO neT B Sim;MKe y ee
noTOMKOB, KHSI3eu MoHTe-Hyoso. He MOJKeT 6bITb co-
MHeHMSI B TOM, 'ITO BTOpOH 6paK MMnepaTopa 6bIJI npo,nM-
KTOBaH MCKJIIO'IHTeJibHO pac'leToM: HanoneoH s.no6asoK
JKeHMJICSI 3arna3HO, par procuration. M c HeKOTOpbIM
M3YMJieHMeM y6e,nMJIMCb Mbl, 'ITO nMCbMa ero K MapMM
JlyM3e, KOTOpou OH OTpo.ny He BM,L(eJI, TOJKe ,L(billiaT CTpa-
CTblO! flpas.na, CTMJib MX HeCKOJibKO MHOH: Tenepb IlMllieT
He MOJIO,L(OH, HMKOMY He H3BeCTHbIH oqml.(ep, a IlOJKHJIOH,
npasSim;Mii MMpOM MMnepaTop. Ho CTMJib cym;HOCTM .nena
He MeHSieT, M IlMCbMa K )1{03eqmHe ,L(OJIJKHbl IlOTepSITb
xapaKTep pernaJOm;ero apryMeHTa. flcHxonorM'lecKaSI cTo-
poHa nepsoii JKeHHTb6b1 HanoneoHa 6b1na MeHee rpy6a,
'leM ysepSIJI Bappac. Ho oHa, 6bITb MOJKeT, H He TaK
B03BbirneHHa, KaK cTo neT Ka3anocb 6MorpacpaM nocne
BblXO,L(a B CBeT M3,L(aHMSI 1833 ro,na.
HeKOTOpble COMHeHJ.rn 6bIJ1M M y caMOH )1{03ecpHHbl.
B o,nHoM M3 nepBbIX nHceM K Heii BoHanapT nMrneT:
«R noKHHYJI sac c TSIJKeJibIM 'IYBCTBOM ... MHe Ka3aJIOCb,
'ITO ysaJKeHMe K MOeMy xapaKTepy ,L(OJIJKHO 6bIJIO OT-
,naJIMTb OT Bae TY MblCJib, KOTopaSI B'lepa Be'lepoM sac
BOJIHosana... TaK Bbl ,nyMaJIM, 'ITO SI JIJ06JIJO sac He
pa.n;M sac!!! Pa,nM Koro JKe? .. KaK CTOJib HM3MeHHOe qy-
BCTBO MOrJIO B03HMKHYTb B CTOJib 'IMCTOH .nyrne? R see
em;e M3YMJieH... B 'leM JKe TBOSI CTpaHHaSI BJiaCTb, He-
cpaBHeHHaSI )1{03ecpMHa?» M T.,L(.
flo-BM,L(MMOMy, )1{03ecpMHa MMeJra B BM,ny CBOe «6oraT-
CTBO». K 3TOMY speMeHM 6naro.napsi npoTeKI.(MM Bappaca
M TanbeHa ee .nena M B caMOM .nene cTaJIM MHoro nyqrne.
KaK so.n;MTCSI so <l>paHI.(HM, y Hee nosisMncsi csoii HOTapM-
yc, HeKMH ParM,no, M, TOJKe KaK 80,L(MTCSI, HOTapMyc IlOCBSI-
m;aJICSI B MHTMMHble .nena, IlOCKOJibKY OHM MOrJIM IlOBJie'lb
3a co6oii 6paK. BapoH MeHHeBaJib s csoMx socnoMMHaHM-
six paccKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO HOTapHyc CJibllliaTb He XOTeJI 0
6paKe CBOeH KJIMeHTKM c KaKMM-TO 3K30TM'leCKMM OcpMne-
poM HanoJIMOHe .ne oJOoHanapTe. «3a'leM BaM 3a Hero
BblXO,L(MTb? - y6eJK,neHHO ,L(OKa3hIBaJ1 OH )1{03ecp1rne. - y
sac 25 TblCSI'I ro.nosoro .noxo.na, Bbl BMKOHTecca, a y Hero
HH rporna, H IlOJIOJKeHHSI HHKaKoro, M OH MOJIOJKe sac, .na
em;e y6bJOT ero B nepsoM JKe cpaJKeHMH!. .» 3To 6bIJIO
106
eoBeprneHHO enpaBe.n:mrno, H )1(03e<P11Ha .sIBHO KOJie6a-
Jiaeh. BnoeJie.n:eTBHH, noeJie xopoHaa;HH, HanoJieoH 6y.n:To
6h1 errparnHBaJI HOTap11yea Par11.n:o, Bee JIM OH eme eep):{HT-
e.s1. Ho, MO)l(eT 6hITh, H He enpaIIIHBaJI, - y Hero 6hIJIH H
6oJiee Ba)l(Hhie .n:eJia.

x.
Bmo6JieH JIM nyIIIKHHeICHH repMaHH B JlHJaBeTy lfaa-
HOBHy? He.n:aBHO KpHTHK ,ll;epMaH yxaJaJI Ha OIIIH6Ky H3-
BeeTHeHIIIHX IIYIIIKHHHeTOB: repIIIeHJOH H JlepHep HeO,L{-
HOKpaTHO YIIOMHHal-OT 0 eTpaeTHOH Jil-06BH repMaHHa IC
J1113e; Me)l(.n:y TeM HJ nyIIIKHHeKoro TeKeTa, HanpOTHB,
eJie.n:yeT' 'ITO OH HHeICOJibKO B Hee BJil-06JieH He 6bIJI.
,ll;yMal-0, 3TO Bee-TaKH He eoBeeM .sieHO, .n:a H .s1eHO 6hITb
He ,L{OJI)l(HO (JlepHep H repIIIeHJOH, KOHe'lHO, OIIIH6JIHeb B
eBOeM IIOJIO)l(HTeJibHOM YTBep)l(,L{eHHH). repMaHH eMOTpHT
Ha OKHa ,L{OMa rpa<PHHH. «B 0,L{HOM YBH,L{eJI OH 11epHOBOJIO-
ey10 rOJIOBKy, HaICJIOHeHHyIO, BepO.sITHO, Ha):{ KHHroH: HJIH
Ha):{ pa6oTOH. roJIOBKa rrpHIIO,L{H.sIJiaeh. repMaHH YBH,L{eJI
eBe)l(ee JIH'IHKO H 11epHb1e rJiaJa. 3Ta MHffYTa pernHJia ero
y11aeTb». fIOHHMaH ICaIC 3HaeIIIb: 6bITb MO)l(eT, y repMaHHa
JIHIIlb .ffBHJiaeh MbieJih: BOT KaK MO)l(HO npOHHKHYTb B ):{OM
eTapyxH H YJHaTb TaHHY Tpex xapT; a MO)l(eT 6bITb, OH
3a0,L{HO H BJII06HJie.sI, - Be,L{b H eJIOBa HapO'lHO B3.ffTbl
He)l(Hb1e: «roJIOBKa», «JIH'IHKO». ,ll;anhrne: «JlHJaBeTa MBa-
HOBHa BbieJiyrnaJia ero e y)l(aeoM. MTaK, 3TH eTpaeTHbie
IIHehMa, 3TH IIJiaMeHHbie Tpe6oBaHH.ff, 3TO .n:ep3KOe, ynop-
HOe npeeJie.n:oBaHHe, - Bee 3TO 6bma He JI1-060Bh! ,ll;eHb-
rH! - BOT 11ero aJIKaJia ero .n:yrna!» OrrnTh noHHMaH: xaK
3Haernb: TaK TOJIKyeT paeeKa3 repMaHHa JlHJa; HO 3Ha'IHT
JIM 3TO, 'ITO OHa TOJIKyeT BIIOJIHe npaBHJibHO? repMaHH eH
exaJaJI, 'ITO eMy 6bmH HY)l(HbI TpH KapTbI. Ho eKa3aJI JIM
OH, 'ITO He JII06HT ee? flyrnKHH KaK 6hI HapO'lHO 3aTeMH.ff-
eT .n:eJio. 0Ho H eeTeeTBeHHo: Bee 3,L{ecb B nepcneKTHBe, H
Ba)l(eH 0,L{HH nepBblH IIJiaH. repoH: Y.D:HBHTeJibHOro nyrn-
KHHCKOro paccxaJa - MOHOMaH, norJiomeHHbIH CBOeH
HaB.sI3'lHBOH 11.n:eeH:. OblTb MO)l(eT, .n:yrna repMaHHa aJIKaJia
H He .n:eHer, - ):{JI.ff 11ero OHM eMy caMH no ee6e? Kax H
JII060Bb (HJIH OTCYTCTBHe Jil-06BH), .n:eHhrH Ha BTOpOM, Ha
TpeTheM IIJiaHe. 3To HecymeeTBeHHO. He TaK Ba)l(Ha H
CMepTb CTapyxH. flepBblH IIJiaH HHOH: TaHHa Tpex xapT, ee
OTpa)l(eHHe B M03ry MOHOMaHa. 11 ynopHO, HaCTOH'lHBO
(KaJaJIOeb 6bI, 3a11eM?) IIO,L{'lepKHBaeT flyrnKHH BHeIIIHee

107
CXO.l(CTBO CBOero oqrn:u;epa c HanoneoHOM. «3TOT rep-
MaHH, - npo.n:omKaJI ToMCKHH, - JIHIJ;O HCTHHHO poMa-
HHqecKoe: y Hero npoc}>nnh HanoneoHa, a .n;yrna Mec}>ncTo-
c}>emrn ... «OH cu.n;en Ha oKornKe, CJIO)l(a pyKH H rpo3HO
HaxMypsich. B 3TOM nono:>1<:eHHH y.n;nBHTeJihHO HanoMHHan
OH nopTpeT HanoneoHa. 3To cxo.n;cTBO nopa3HJIO .n;a)l(e
Jln3aBeTy 11BaHOBHy»...
IlyrnKHH, MHoro quTaBllIHH o HanoneoHe, He 3Han
BOCilOMHHaHHH Eappaca. PoMaH repMaHHa He HaBeSIH
BocnoMHHaHneM o poMaue EoHanapTa. Ho, 6hITh Mo:>I<:eT,
B caMOM 3aMblCJie «IlHKOBOH .n;aMhI» eCTb OT3BYK paHHeH
HanoneoHOBCKOH u.n;eu: B 6ecKoueqHo yBenuqeuuoM Macrn-
Ta6e reuepaJI EoHanapT - TOT )Ke repMaHH, qeJIOBeK,
3aBopo)l(eHHbIH u.n;eeii, He OCTaHaBJIHBaIOIIJ;HHCSI HH nepe.n:
qeM pa.n;u ee ocyiu;ecTBJieHHSI.
<<..H 3HaBaJia mo.n;eii qpe3BbiqaifHO .l(OCTOHHbIX, - IlHCaJia
rocno:>1<:a .n;e CTanh, - 3HaBana H nio.n;eii csupenh1x. Bo
BneqaTJieHHH, KOTOpoe npOH3BO.l(HJI Ha MeHSI (B 1797 ro.n:y. -
M.A.) EoHanapT, Hffqero He HanoMHHaJIO HH Tex HH .n;pyrux.
MHe cKopo CTaJIO sicuo, qTo xapaKTep ero HeJib3SI onpe.ne-
JIHTh HallIHMH 06b1qHblMH CJIOBaMH: OH He 6bIJI HH .no6p, HH
30JI, HH MSlrOK, HH :>I<:eCTOK ... Ou HHKOro He JII06HJI H ero He
JII06HJI HHKTO: OH 6bIJI 60Jihllle qeM qeJIOBeK HJIH MeHhllie
qeM qenoBeK... JI CMYTHO qyBCTBOBaJia, qTo HffqTo He
BOJIHyeT ero cep.n;u;a. Ou cMoTpHT ua nio.n;eii, KaK Ha c}>aKThI
HJIH KaK Ha Beiu;u, HO He KaK Ha no.n;o6Hbie eMY cyiu;eCTBa.
OH HHKoro H He HeHaBH.l(HT: cyiu;eCTByeT TOJihKO OH, Bee
OCTaJihHhle 3TO u;11c}>pb1. Cuna ero BOJIH B 6e3orn116oqHoM
3rOHCTHqecKOM pacqeTe. 3TO HCKYCHblH rnaxMaTHblH HrpoK,
11rpa10iu;uii napTHIO npoTHB qenoBeqecKoro po.na H co611-
pa10iu;11iic» .naTh eMY MaT ... HnqTo He Morno npeo.noneTh
OTTaJIKHBaHH», KOTopoe jl HCilblTbIBaJia K TOMy, qTo B HeM
6hrno. B YMe ero si qyBCTBOBaJia rny6oKyio upoHHIO, ue
maMmyio Hffqero BeJIHKoro, HHqero npeKpacHoro, .n;a:>1<:e
co6CTBeHHOH CJiaBbI» ...
«Ecnu 6h1 u;enh ero 6b1na xoporna, TO ero HaCTOH-
quBocTh B npecne.n;oBaHHH 3TOH u;en11 6h1Jia 6b1 npeKpac-
Ha», - .no6aBn»eT 6necTsiiu;asi nucaTeJihHHu;a. Pacu;euu-
BaTh 3TY u;eJib Mbl He CTaHeM. 3aKJIIOqanach :>I<:e OHa B TOM,
qTo6hI IlOJIO:>I<:HTb KOHeu; peBOJIIOIJ;HH, B3SIB H3 Hee :>I<:H3He-
cnoco6Hoe HJIH Heo6xo.n;uMoe. nhITh MO:>I<:eT, BO BnOJIHe
onpe.neneHHOH c}>opMe u,enh 3Ta nosiB11nacb no3.nuee. B
1795 ro.n;y neo6bIKHOBeHHblH qeJIOBeK, IlOSIBHBllIHHC» B
oco6H»Ke )1{03ec}>nHhI, pa3pern11n JIHllih nepByio qacTb
ypaBHeHHSI. Ha.n;o 6bIJIO npHHTH K BJiaCTH; K BJiaCTH OH
108
Mor npHHTH TOJibKO nyTeM no6e.n ua.n BHeIIIHHM BparoM;
y.nap )Ke BHeIIIHeMy Bpary ueo6xo,nHMO uauecn1 B MTa-
JIHH. 3Ha'IHT, ueo6xo,nHMO IlOJIY'IHTb KOMaH,AOBaHHe
HTaJib.SIHCKOH apMHeH. 3TOT IlOCT rnaBHOKOMan.ny10mero
HTaJihSIHCKOH apMHeli H 6hIJI .nnsi EouanapTa TaliuoM: Tpex
xapT, 3aBOp0)1(HBIIIeH ero .nyIIIy.
,ZJ;onro, .nonro Me'ITaJI OH 06 3TOH ,AOJI)l(HOCTH - H 11ero
TOJihKO ue .nenan MS! ee nony11eHHsi! Ilepe.n ,neBSIThIM Tep-
MH,nopa on ua.neS1Jicsi ee nony11HTh npH no,n.nep)l(Ke Po6ec-
nhepa-Mna.AIIIero H co3,nan ce6e perryTal(HIO 0T11asiuuoro
«po6ecrrbepHCTa», - ue Bee JIH paBuo? Ou pa3pa6aThrnaeT
IlJiaH KaMrraHHH (BilOCJie,ACTBHH HM ocymecTBJieHHbIH),
rrpe,nCTaBJISleT Ha paccMOTpeHHe pa3HhIX BOeHHblX y11pe)l(,Ae-
HHH. Ee3ycrreIIIuo: xax BO BCeM, 3,necb HY)l(Ha rrpoTeKl(HSI.
qepe3 MHoro neT Kapuo XBaJIHJICSI, 'ITO HMeuuo OH .nan
HTaJihSIHCKYIO apMHIO reuepany EouarrapTy. E,nBa JIH, o.n-
Haxo, .neno 060I1IJ10Ch 6e3 Eappaca. Y 3aBopo)l(eHHoro
qeJIOBeKa, 'IYBCTBOBaBIIIero B .UYIIIe CHJibl ueo6bI'laHHbie,
Morna SIBHTbCSI MbICJih, 'ITO MS! ,AOCTH)l(eHHSI l(eJIH I103BO-
JIHTeJihHO rroliTH ea Mnoroe. Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, EoHarrapT
ue Mor ue 3HaTb o CBSl3H Eappaca c B.UOBOH BHKOHTa Eorap-
ue - 06 3TOM 3HaJI Bech IlapH)I(. BechMa BeposiTuo, OH e10
YBJieKCSI, KaK repMaHH, 6bITb MO)l(eT, YBJieKCSI JlH3aBeTOH
MBaHOBHOH. Ho 3TO 6hIJI HMeHHO BTopoif IlJ1aH.
,[1.eHe)l(HOe )Ke I10,U03peHHe HH Ha 'leM He OCHOBano:
o6bIKHOBenHasi xneBeTa BparoB. K TOMY )Ke coMHHTeJib-
Hhie «25 TbICSl'I .noxo.na» )1(03eqmHhl pOBHO HH'lero He
COCTaBJISIJIH no cpaBHeHHIO c TeM, 'ITO H B ,neHe)l(HOM
OTHOIIIeHHH o6emano Tor.na KOMaH,AOBaHHe apMHeit
B3rJISl.UhI B TY nopy 6hIJIH coBepIIIeHHO OTJIH'IHhie OT
HblHelllHHX. no .npeBHeH Tpa,AHI(HH, l(apHBIIIeH .no XIX Be-
Ka, BnacTh .UOJI)l(Ha 6hlna o6oramaTh H B caMoM .nene
no'ITH ueH3MeHHO o6oramana Tex, KOMY oua .nocTaBa-
nach. He Be3,ne 3Ta Tpa,AHI(HSI KOH'IHJiaCb H B HaCTOSlll.(ee
BpeMsi; HO, 'IT06hI coxpaHHTb eM: BepHOCTb, rrpHIIIJIOCb
rrpH,nyMaTh COBepIIIeHHO HHbie cI>opMbI: 6naro.napS1 cyme-
CTBOBaHHIO BCeB03MO)l(HbIX CHHeKyp, xopOIIIO orrna'IHBae-
MbIX rrocToB H 6Hp)l(eBhIX cBsi3eif, H Terrepb, xax B EBporre,
Tax H B AMepHKe, rocy.napcTBeHHbie .nesiTeJIH BeChMa 11a-
cro B 6e,nHOCTH pO)l(,AaIOTCSI, HO BeCbMa pe,UKO B 6e.nuocTH
yMHpaIOT. 0,nHaKo B apMHH 3Ta Tpa,nHl(HSI ,naBHhIM ,naBHO
Hc11e3na. Tor.na oua 6Lma B rronHon CHJie. IlpH,naHoe
)1(03e<l>HHhI He Morno HMeTh HHKaxoro 3Ha11euHsi .nnsi Eo-
uanapTa. 3To 6hIJI 6paK qeJIOBeKa, 6bITb MO)l(eT, BJII06-
JieHHOro, HO y)l(e, HaBepHoe, 3aBopo)l(eHnoro H,neeu.
109
 IlO-BH,L(HMOMy, Iiappac 6bIJI B BOCTOpre, - 3TOT qeJIO-
BeK, KaiKeTCR, HCKpeHHO C'iHTaJI HarroneoHa .n;ypaxoM! OH
BCR'ieCKH IIOKpOBHTeJihCTBOBaJI .neny. 06'hRCHeHHe B mo6-
BH MeiK.n;y DOHarrapTOM H )J{o3ecpHHOH (HJIH 0,L(HO H3
o6'bRCHeHHH) rrpOH30IIIJIO Ha rrapa,n;HOM o6e.n;e, KOTOpbIH
:Sappac .nanan 2 I RHBapR I 796 ro.na. ohm rrpa3.n;HHK:
ro.n;oBIUHHa ,n;HR Ka3HH Jlw.n;oBHKa XVI, - cy,n:L6a rr03a-
6oTHJiacb 0 BHeCeHHH l{HHH'iHOH HOTKH B poMaH 6y.nyIUHX
cppaHl{Y3CKHX MOHapxon. HecKOJihKO rroJ,n;Hee I>appac,
BCTpeTHB )J{o3ecpHHY B orrepe, He6peiKHO-JiaCKOBO eii coo6-
IUHJI IIpHRTHOe H3BeCTHe: .n;HpeKTOpHR npH3HaJia B03M0)1(-
HbIM Ha3Ha'iHTb reHepaJia I>yoHanapTe rJiaBHOKOMaH.n;y-
IOIUHM HTaJibRHeKOH apMHeH.
TpH xapTbI Bhrnrpamr.
Cna.n;L6a 6Lma Ha3Ha'ieHa Ha 19 BeHT03a (9 Maprn).
I.J;epeMOHHR npoHeXO,L{HJia B M3pHH, B eymeeTBYJOIUeM H
no eeu ,n;eHh .L(OMe Ha rue d'Antin (B HeM Tenepb noMeIUa-
eTeR Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas), B xa6HHeTe, H3
KOTOporo B HaIIIH .L(HH, no MHeHHIO eyenepHbIX JIIO.n;eu,
Opae <l>HHaJIH npaBHT He TO <l>pami:Heu, He TO l{eJihIM
MHpOM.
«HeT' Te JIIO,L(H He TaK e.n;eJiaHhI; HaeTORIUHH 6/lacme-
/IUH, KOMY nee pa3peIIIaeTeR, rpoMHT TyJioH, .n;eJiaeT pe3-
HIO B napHiKe, 3a6bl6aem apMHIO B ErHnTe, mpamum
nOJIMHJIJIHOHa JIJO):J:eH B MOCKOBeKOM noxo.ne H OT):J:eJihIBa-
eTeR KaJiaM6ypoM B BHJibHe; H eMy iKe, no eMepTH, eTaBRT
KYMHphI, - a eTaJio 6bITh, H 6ce pa3peIIIaeTeR. HeT, Ha
3THX JIJO,L(RX, BH):J:HO, He TeJIO, a 6pOH3a! .. »
Bee, 'ITO nepeqHeJIReTeR B 3THX 3HaMeHHThIX eTpoKax
«IlpeeTynJieHHR H HaKa3aHHR», ;::i:eiieTBHTeJibHO 6hIJIO B
iKH3HH HanoJieoHa. Ho 3TO, TaK exaJaTb, ee onepHaR
eTopoHa. Iihmo B Heii H .npyroe, He orrepHoe, o 'ieM
PaeKOJihHHKOB Mor He 3HaTh H He ;::i:yMaTh; 'iHeTo onepHOH
iKH3HH He 6brnaeT. He H):J:HJIJIHeii npe;::i:cTaBJIReTCR HaM H
BeR 3Ta iKeHHTb6a, eeJIH ;::i:aiKe npH3HaTb, 'ITO HHKaKHX
.npyrnx no6yiK;::i:eHHH, KpOMe eTpaeTHOH BJII06JieHHOeTH,
He 6bIJIO y reHepaJia IioHanaprn. ,[J.oeTaTO'iHO exaJaTh,
'ITO eBH,L(eTeJieM OH npHrnaeHJI :Sappaea! 3TO noHeTHHe
Tpy;::i:HO nOHRTb.
CnH;::i:eTeJieM HeBeeThI 6LIJI TaJiheH - TaKHM o6pa3oM,
TepMH;::i:op oKaJaJieR 6necrnme npe;::i:eTaBJieHHhIM Ha eBa-
;::i:L6e. OeTaJibHhie )Ke .naa eBH):J:eTeJIR 6bIJIH JIIO):J:H HeH3-
BeCTHhie. M3p 6LIJI, no-aH.n;HMOMy, qenoaeK aeeLMa no-
KJia;::i:HCThIH. K ;::i:oKyMeHTaM OH oeo6eHHO He npH.n;HpaneR.
IiJiaro.napR I>yppbeHy, 06eHa, MaecoHy H oco6eHHO Jle-
110
 HOTPY HaM HJBeCTHO ToqHoe CO.llepxrnHHe Bcex 3THX .llO-
KyMeHTOB. reHepaJI EyoHanapTe CHaqana qecTHO IIOKa3aJI,
qTo HHKaKoro HMymecTBa He HMeeT, «KpoMe rap.llepo6a u
BOeHHOro CHapH)l(eHHH». TioTOM 3TO, oqeBH.llHO, IIOKa3a-
JIOCb eMy Hey.llo6HbIM, M OH 3aqepKHYJI BeCb IIYHKT 0
CBOeM HMymecTBeHHOM IIOJIO)l(emm. 06eman, BnpoqeM,
)l(eHe neHCHIO Ha cnyqaii CBoeii CMepTH - npaB.lla, He60Jib-
rny10: Bcero 1500 cpp. B ro.ll. M )l(eHMX, M HeBecTa, ecTecT-
BeHHO, XOTeJIM COKpaTMTb pa3H~Y B B03pacTe, - )1(03e-
cpMHY C.lleJiaJIM Ha qeTb1pe ro.lla MOJIO)l(e, HanoneoHa Ha
.llBa ro.[(a CTaprne. TiocJie.[(Hee o6CTOHTeJibCTBO 6bIJIO
oqeHb Hey.ll06Ho: reHyH ycTyIIMJia KopCMKY <l>pam~HM B
1768 ro.lly, Ja ro.ll .llO pO)l(.lleHMH EoHanapra. TaKMM o6-
pa3oM, M3MeHMB B03pacT, OH, co6CTBeHHO, CTaHOBMJICH
MHOCTpam~eM. Bo H36e)l(aHMe 3Toro B .llOKyMeHTax o6'hHB-
JieHo, qTo )l(eHMX po.llMJICH B TiapM)l(e. Mo)l(eT 6b1Tb, HOTa-
pMyc M M3p Bcero 3Toro M He JHaJIM. Ho cKopee MX
3arMIIHOTM3MpOBaJIO MMH CBM.lleTeJIH: IIlYTKa JIM CKa3aTb,
caM BeJIMKHH Eappac! MMH )l(eHMxa (OH pacnMcancH: Ha-
noJIMOHe EyoHanapTe) npoM3BO.llMJIO, BepOHTHO, Ha cppaH-
UY30B CKopee KOMMqecKMH 3cpcpeKT.
qepe3 .llBa .llHH reHepaJI co CMernHbIM MMeHeM OT6bIJI B
apMMIO.
«COJI.llaTbl! y Bae HeT O.[(e)l(.llbl, Bae IIJIOXO KOpMHT.
TipaBHTeJibCTBO .llOJl)l(HO BaM .lleHbrM M HMqero He MO)l(eT
BaM JannaTHTb. Barne TepneHMe, Barne My)l(eCTBO .llOCTOH-
Hbl BOCXMJneHMH, HO OHM CJiaBbl BaM He npMHOCHT. jl Bae
IIOBe.lly B IIJIO.llOPO.llHeHrnMe .llOJIMHbl MHpa; 6oraTble 3eM-
JIM, 60JibrnMe ropO.lla 6y.llyT B Barneii BJiaCTM; Bae )l(.llYT
qecTb, CJiaBa M 6oraTCTBO» ...
«CoMaTb1! B TetieHMe .llBYX He.lleJib Bbl O.llep)l(aJIM
rneCTb no6e.ll, JaxBaTMJIM .llBa.lluaTb 0.llHO 3HaMH, IIHTb-
.lleCHT IIHTb opy.llMH, B3HJIM HeCKOJibKO KpenocTeii, JaBoe-
BaJIH 6oraTeiirny10 qaCTb TibeMOHTa... Bbl BbmrpbIBaJIM
cpa)l(eHMH 6e3 nymeK, nepexo)lMJIM peKM 6e3 MOCTOB, )lena-
JIH orpoMHb1e nepexO.llbI 6e3 canor, JIO)l(MJIMCb cnaTb 6e3
BO.llKM, a qacrn M 6e3 xne6a. ,[(a 6y.lleT )l(e BaM 6naro.llap-
HOCTb, COJI)laTbl! .. Ho IIOMHMTe: Bbl HMqero He C.lleJiaJIM,
TaK KaK .lleJIO eme OCTaeTc.si:: Bbl eme He B3HJIM HM TypMHa,
HM MMJiaHa» ...
3TH nepBble npMKaJbl no apMMM reHepana EoHanapTa
OCTaIOTCH, KOHeqHo, HenpeB30H.lleHHblM o6pa3UOM BOeH-
HOro KpacHopeqMH: Ka)l(.[(Oe CJIOBO B HHX CBH)leTeJibCTByeT
o rny6oKoM noHMMaHHM qenoBeqecKoii .uyrnM. B apMMM,
BO <l>paHUMM, B TiapM)l(e MX qnTaJIH c ynoeHMeM, - TaK

111
HHKTO He rOBOpHJI HH BO BpeMSI peBOJIIOQHH, HH .no Hee.
BeeTH o no6e.nax IIIJIH o,nHa 3a .npyro10. 113 11TaJIHH B
Ka3HY ,nupeKTOpHH noeTynaJIH MHJIJIHOHHbie KOHTpH6y-
QHH. IlpHB03HJIHeh KapTHHhI JleoHap.no, Pa<Pa3JIR, THQH-
aHa. K KOHQY ro.na reHepan EoHanapT 6bIJI 3HaMeHHTeii-
IIIHM qeJIOBeKOM B MHpe.
)1(03e<l>HHa 6hIJia y,nHBJieHa, npHSITHO y,nHBJieHa, qpe-
3BbI'laUHO npHRTHO y,nuBJieHa. Eappae - TOT eoBeprueHHO
He Mor npHHTH B ee6SI OT H3YMJieHHSI: TaK .no KOHQa eBOHX
.[{Hen H He npHIIIeJI, - 3TO ReHO 'lyBeTByeTeSI B ero BOe-
ITOMHHaHHSIX.

XI.
20 MaR 1804 ro.na yTpoM no yJIHQaM IlapmKa npoxo-
,nHna eTpaHHaSI npoQeeeHSI. Bnepe,nH, BepxoM Ha KOHSIX,
exaJIH ,nBeHa,nQaTh M3pOB. 3a HHMH, B eonpOBO)l(,[{eHHH
Tpy6aqeu H MY3hIKaHTOB, ene,noBaJIH pa3Hhie eaHOBHHKH,
npe<l>eKThI, eeHaTophI, reHepanhI, TO)l(e Bee BepxoM. Iloepe-
,nHHe HaXO.[{HJieSI 3HaMeHHTbIH MaTeMaTHK Jlannae, HenoJI-
HSIBIIIUH Tor.na o6R3aHHOeTn KaHQJiepa eeHaTa. IlpoQeeenR
oeTaHaBJIHBaJiaeb Ha rJiaBHbIX ITJIOIQa.[lSIX eTOJIHQhl. Jlan-
Jiae r{>OMKUM rOJIOeOM 'IHTaJI ene,nyIOIQUH eeHaTye-KOH-
eyJihT: «YnpaBJieHue peeny6nHKH nopy'leHo nMnepaTopy.
OH npHHHMaeT THTYJI HMnepaTopa <l>paHQY30B».
E.nBa JIM :na npoQeeeuR 6blJia o'leHh BeJiuqeeTBeHHOii.
M3phI, npe<l>eKThI H eeHaTophI He o6R3aHhI 6hIJIH xoporuo
e3,llUTh BepxoM. CaM JlanJiae, BepoRTHO, eeJI Tor.na Ha
KOHSI B nepBbIH u B noeJie,llHHH pa3 B )l(U3HH. TaJiaHTOM
'ITeQa OH TO)l(e He OTJIU'laJieR; .na u npu HaJIU'IUH TaJiaHTa
MHOrOKpaTHOe ITOBTOpeHHe Bee O,llHOro H Toro )Ke TeKeTa
MOrJIO no.nopBaTh Bne'laTJieHHe OT HeTopuqeeKOH eQeHbl.
,ll;OJI)l(HO 6bITh, JlanJiae noeMeUBaJieSI, - OH 6bIJI 'leJIOBeK,
HaeTpoeHHhIH BeehMa HpoHn'leeKH. Mo)l(eT 6hITh, He
eJIUIIIKOM eephe3HO OTHOeUJIUeh K eo6eTBeHHOMY .neJiy u
MHOrHe .npyrue yqaeTHHKu npoQeeeuH. BparH roBopHJIH
3JI06Ho: npe)l(.ne OH 6hlJI npoeTo un eoquin, a Tenepb OH
eTaJI un saere eoquin •• . B ny6JIUKe )Ke paeeKa3hIBaJIU
BeeB03MO)l(Hhle aHeK,llOThl. ,ll;o Hae .[{OIIIJIO OT Toro ,llHSI
HeMaJIO IIIYTOK u oeTpOT. 113 eJIOB: «Napoleon, empereur

• CeHaTYC·KOHCYJJbT - eo <l>paHQHH e XIX e aKTld, H3MCHllB111He HJIH .nonon-

HllBlllHe KOHCTHTYQHIO. - llpUM peo
" IleTyx, CBlllQeHHwii neTyx ( rfjp.).

112
 des Fran9ais» c.n;enam1 aHarpaMMy: «Ce fol empire ne
durera pas son an»•. Ha o,n;Holi H3 ynm:.\ rnyTHHKH BhIBecu-
JIH TeaTpaJibHYJO aqmrny' H3BemaBillYIO 0 IIOCTaHOBKe HO-
BOH nhechl: «L'Empereur malgre tout le monde» ••.
«BonpeKH BceM» 3TO 6bIJIO CKa3aHO CJIHillKOM CHJibHO.
<l>paHizy3bl He MOrJIH He IIOCMeHBaThC.SI Ha,n; TeM, qTo
6hmo CMernHoro B .n;eliCTBH.SIX 11paBHTeJihCTBa. KaBaJih-
xa.n;a M3pOB c CeHaTopaMH HX BeceJIHJia, .n;a H MHOroe
6bIJIO CMelllHO B HOBbIX cpopMaX, B Hac11ex Bbipa6aTbl-
BaBilleMC.SI HOBOM QepeMOHHaJie. JIIO,n;H OTqacTH CMe.SIJIHCb
H caMH Ha.n; co6010. KTo TOJibKO Ja HCTeKrnHe II.SITHa,n;QaTb
JieT He KJI.SIJIC.SI CTO pa3 B BeqHOH BepHOCTH pecny6JIH-
KaHCKOMY crpo10? Te11epb BoccTaHaBJIHBanacb MOHapxH.SI,
KaKa.SI-TO My,n;peHa.SI, c HenpHBhJqHhIM THTYJIOM, c HOBOH
.n;HHaCTHeli. B.n;o6aBOK Ja 3TH ro,n;bl Bee TaK MHoro CJihI-
IllaJIH 0 «peBOJIIOQHOHHOH C03HaTeJihHOCTH Hapo.n;a» H
TaK MHoro 0 HeH roBOpHJIH, qTo caMH cepbe3HO B Hee
IIOBepHJIH. qTO CKaJKeT «peBOJIIOQHOHHbIH naxapb»? qTO
CKaJKeT «peBOJIIOQHOHHhIH pa6oqHli»? HoBbIH HMnepaTop
HenpeMeHHO JKenan, qTo6bl Hapo.n; yTBep.n;HJI nocpe.n;cTBOM
IIJie6HCQHTa IIpHHQHU Hacne.n;CTBeHHOH HMnepHH. qTO,
ecJIH naxapb H pa6oqHli He yTBep.n;.SIT? ,ll;aBHO JIM Po-
6ecnbep 6hlJI KYMHpoM.
llaxaph H oco6eHHO pa6oqHu••• yTBep.n;nJIH. 3a HM-
nepHIO 6bIJIO no.n;aHO 3 572 329 roJIOCOB, npOTHB Hee
2569! CaM HanoJieoH B ycnexe He coMHeBaJic.SI. OH HarneJI
TY cpe.n;HIOIO JIHHHIO, KOTopa.SI .n;oJIJKHa 6bma npHBJieqh
HaH60Jiblllee qffCJIO cppaHQY30B. 0.n;apeHHbIH OT npHpO.n;bl
xapaKTepOM HenpeKJIOHHbIM H noqTH 6erneHbIM, OH o6y3-
.n;an caM ce6.SI, norneJI HaBcTpeqy npoTHBHHKaM cnpaBa H
cneBa. Bee ero .n;elicTBH.SI KaK 6y.n;To Hcxo.n;.SIT H3 o.n;Horo
o6mero npHHQHna: npe.n;ocTaBJieHHeM Tex HJIH HHhIX BhI-
ro.n; npHBJieKaTb Ha CBOIO CTOpOHY JIIO.n;eli, KaKOBO 6bI HH
6hlJIO HX npornJioe. MpoHHqecKH OTHOC.SICh K 3MHrpaHTaM,
OH .n;aeT HM B03MOJKHOCTb BepHyThC.SI BO <l>paHQHIO H
oxoTHO npHHHMaeT Ha cJiyJK6y. HeHaBH.D:.SI .SIK06HHQeB H
TeppopHCTOB, ochmaeT HX Harpa.n;aMH. Ey.n;yqH HeBepy10-
mHM qenoBeKoM, 3aKJIJOqaeT KOHKop.n;aT c nanoli. Mc-
TOpHKH ycraHOBHJIH noqTH 6eccnopHO, qTo OH BCTYIIHJI B
cHornemrn c JI10.n;oBHKOM XVIII H npe.n;JiaraJI eMy B03-

• «Hanoneou, HMnepaTop <l>pam\HH» - «'.oha cyMacwe,lUIJa11 HM11epH11 uc

npocywccrsyCT H roJ(a>> (r/ip.).
• «HMnepaTOp BOilpcKH BCeM ua CBCTC» ( ifip.}
"' Onap BhlllCHHJI, '!TO cpcJ(H pa6o'!HX Hanoneou noJibJOBanc11 oco6oii nony-
n11p110CTb10.

113
MemeuHe Ja OTKa3 OT npaB ua Kopouy. Ou 6hIJI y6e:lK,neu,
qTo pa3peIIIHJI ypaBHeHHe: H3 peBOJIIOU.HH B351TO Bee TO,
qeM MOrJIH .nopO:lKHTb cppaHU.Y3bI·; rpa:lK,naHeKoe paBeH-
eTBO o6eeneqeuo, «Kapbepa OTKphITa TaJiaHTaM»; H noeJie
TI51THa.nu.aTH JieT xaoea - nop51,noK, npH TBep.noii, eo-
Beprneuuo yBepeuuoii B ee6e BJiaeTH.
IlIJIH no,nrOTOBJieHH51 K KOpOHaIJ.HH. IJo IlhlIIIHOeTH
oua ,nOJI:lKHa 6brna 3aTMHTh Bee, qTo BH,neJI .no Toro
IlapH:lK. KoeTIOMhI 1uroTOBJI5IJIHeh no pHeyuKaM 1'faa6e.
,[(aBH,n ,noJI:lKeH 6bIJI mo6pa3HTh u.epeMOHHIO B HoTp-
,[(aM. Pa3pa6oTKy u.epeMoHHaJia HMnepaTOp nopylfHJI ea-
HOBHHKY ernporo ,nBopa rpacpy Cer10py, 6bIBIIIeMy noeJiy
Jlio,noBHKa XVI B PoeeHH. I1pH3HaBaJioeh ue:lKeJiaTeJih-
HhlM BO BeeM no.npa:lKaTh Eyp6onaM. HanoJieou Boe-
eTaHaBJIHBaJI HMnepHIO KapJia BeJIHKoro H, no-BH,nHMO-
My, :lKeJiaJI eJie,noBaTb 3THKeTy eBoero npe.nrneeTBeHHHKa.
Ho TaK KaK o u.epeMOHHaJie VIII eToJieTH51 Cer10p, KaK
H Bee, HMeJI BeehMa eMyTHOe TIOH51THe, TO OH 6oJihIIIe
eoqHH51JI, oTqaeTH pyKoBo.g~eh TeM, qTo BH,neJI npH ,nBope
HMnepaTpHU.hI EKaTepHHhI .
,[(JI51 1.tepeMOHHaJia npe:lK,ne Beero ueo6xo,nHMhI Tpa.nu-
U.H51 H Bepa B u.epeMOHHaJI. 0TKy,na MM 6bIJIO B351The51 y
uanoJieOHOBeKHX eaHOBHHKOB, epe,nH KOTOpbIX HeMaJiblH
npou,eHT eoeTaBJI51JIH oTeTaBHhie 51K06HHU.hI. HenpHMHpH-
MaH qaeTh po,noBoii apHeToKpaTHH noTernaJiaeh. Ho ,nJIH
nee TH:lKeJihIM y.napoM oKa3aJioeh To, qTo nana Iluii VII
noeJie ,noJirHx neperoBopoB eorJiaeHJieH npHexaTb B Ila-
pH:lK H KOpOHOBaTb HOBoro HMnepaTopa. IloJiyqHB 3TO
H3BeeTHe, BO:lK,nh H TeopeTHK KaTOJIJlqeeKOH napTHH )l(o-
3ecp .ne MeeTp nueaJI H3 I1eTep6ypra PoeeH: «He uaxo:lKy
eJIOB, qTo6hI Bbipa3HTb rope, KOTOpoe Bbl3hIBaeT y MeHH
perneuue nanhl. OT Beeii .nyrnu :lKeJiaIO I1HIO VII eMepTH,
KaK 51 eero,nH51 TIO:lKeJiaJI 6hI eMepTH eBoeMy OTI.ty, eeJIH 6bI
OH XOTeJI 3aBTpa ee6H OTI030pHTb!»
I1pHe3,n nanhl eornen ue rna,nKo. I1o.npo6HhIH paeeKa3
06 3TOM MO:lKHO uaifTH B ueqepnhlBaIOJ.UHX pa6oTax Mae-
eoua, noeBHTHBIIIero OKOJIO ,nBa,nl{aTH TOMOB :lKH3HH Ha-

• Ilocne yCTaHOBnCHHll HMnepHH B nonuueiicKHX AOHeceHHllX (oco6eHHO OT

28-29 cj>nopean11) coo6macTcll, 'ITO napmKane oqem. AOBonbHb1: «HaKoncu-To
KOH'IHnHCb peson101.1uo1111b1e ylKaCbl» HeAOBOnbHbI 6bmH TOnbKO 11Ko6u111.1LI «01rn
co6HpalOTCll B KO<j>eiiHllX Ha BolKHpape, HblOT H COlKaneIOT 0 npoumoM BPCMCHH
fooopl!T' «KOH'ICllO Hawe ACJIO» » (IlonHl.ICHCKllH panopT OT J3 cj>pHMCpa)
)J.oueceHHll 3TH COCTaon11nuci:. npaBAHBO H 6ccnpHCTpaCTllO
•• TaneiipaH yKa3brnaeT, '!TO o 6necKe ttanoneottoscKoro AOopa 6Lino «quelque
chose d'europeen et d'asiatique tire de Petersbourg» («He'ITO eoponeiicKoe H a3HaT·
CKOe, B3llTOC y IleTcp6ypra» - ifip )

114
noneoHa H ero ceMbH, y CnoaHa (TOM II), B BocnoMHHa-
HH.SIX coBpeMeHHHKOB. Ilocne nepBoro napa.D:Horo o6e.D:a
BO .D:BOpQe QepeMOHHHMeiicTep npHrOTOBHJI B qecTh ITH.SI
VII 6aneTHbIH cneKTaKJih, - MbICJib .D:OBOJibHO Hey.D:aq-
Ha.si: nana, K o6meMy CMymeHHIO, HeMe.D:JieHHO DOKHHYJI
3an. 11MnepaTop HanoneoH HepBHHqan H Ben c Kap.D:HHa-
naMH BeCbMa MeJioqHbIH Topr; OH OTKa3aJIC.SI BbiexaTb
HaBCTpeqy nane, OTKa3aJIC.SI CTaTh Ha KOJieHH, He )l(eJiaJI,
qT06h1 nana B03JIO)l(HJI Ha Hero KopoHy, He cornarnanc.si,
qT06b1 nany BHecnH B co6op Ha sedia gestatoria •. QepeMo-
HHHMeiicTephI KOe-KaK HaXO.D:HJIH KOMDpOMHCCbI: BCTpeqa
HMnepaTopa c nanoii B necy ct>eHTeH6no npoH3ornna
«cnyqaiiHo», - HanoneoH Bh1exan «Ha oxoTy», KaK TOJih-
Ko 6L1no nonyqeHo coo6meHHe, qTo K necy npH6JIH)l(aJOT-
c.si 3KHna)l(H nanh1. Ha KOJieHH BCTaJia B co6ope HMnepaT-
pHQa. B Bonpoce o KopoHe IlHii VII ycTynHJI, - H
HMnepaTop B03JIO)l(HJI ee Ha ce6.si caM. lfro .D:O sedia gesta-
toria, TO nane 6hIJIO o6'b.SIBJieHo: Ha HOCHJIKaX B HoTp-
)J:aM B 1793 fO.D:Y BHeCJIH Maparn, Il03TOMY y 3pHTeneii
MOfJIO 6bI pO.D:HTbC.SI OCKop6HTeJibHOe .D:JI.SI nanbI BOCilOMH-
HaHHe. 06'h.S1CHem1e 6bmo cTpaHHoe (.D:a H HHKOr.D:a Mapa-
rn B co6op Ha HOCHJIKaX He BHOCHJIH). Ho IlHH VII
npH3HaJI ero Y.D:OBJieTBOpHTeJihHhIM H He HacTaHBaJI.
ropa3.D:O Ba)l(Hee 6bIJIO .D:pyroe. HanoneoH H )1{03ecpHHa
)l(eHHJIHCb B 1796 fO.D:Y B M3pHH. QepKOBHOfO 6paKa He
6bIJIO. HH nana, HH Kap.D:HHaJihI coBeprneHHO 3Toro He
3HaJIH. KaK HH cTpaHHO, B BaTHKaHe H Boo6me noqTH
HHqero He 6hIJIO H3BeCTHO 0 ceMbe H ceMeHHhIX OTHOIIIe-
HH.SIX HanoneoHa. )J:ocTaToqHo cKa3aTh, qTo IlHH VII
BHaqaJie He 3HaJI JJ:a)l(e HMeHH HOBOH HMnepaTpHQhI: B
nepBoM cBoeM nocJiaHHH OH noqeMy-To Ha3hIBaJI ee BHK-
TOpHeH! Me)l(JJ:Y TeM HMnepaTop )Kenan, qT06h1 nana Ko-
poHoBan He TOJihKO ero, Ho H )1{03ecpHHy. CaHOBHHKH
npe.D:ynpe)l(JJ:aJIH HanoneoHa, qro OH H.D:eT Ha cKaH.D:an:
He MO)l(eT nana KOpOHOBaTh )l(eHIQHHy, KOTOpa.si c QepKOB-
HOH roqKH 3peHH.SI He ecTh )l(eHa HMnepaTopa. HanoneoH
CTO.SIJI Ha CBOeM: nana He 3HaeT' He Ha.D:O HHqero eMy H
fOBOpHTb.
)1{03ecpHHa 6bIJia COBeprneHHO HHOfO MHeHH.SI. 0Ha H
Boo6me He coqyBcTBoBaJia roMy, qro npoHCXO.D:HJIO. Eii
HHCKOJihKO He XOTeJIOCb CTaHOBHTbC.SI HMnepaTpHQeH. qe-
CTOJII06He ee He MyqHJIO, )1{03ecpHHa )l(eJiana npoCTO )l(HTb
B cBoe Y.D:OBOJihCTBHe: 3aqeM npecron? TOJihKO B036y)I(-

' HocHJIKH (Aam.).

115
 ,naTb 3aBHCTb H HeHaBHCTb, MoryT JierKO H y6HTb (B TiapH-
)l(e IIJJIH yrropHbie CJIYXH 0 3ar0Bopax rrpOTHB HOBoro
HMrrepaTopa). A rnasHoe, oHa )l(eHCKHM qyTbeM noHHMa-
na, qTo MSI Hee TpOH CBSI3aH c oco6hIM pHCKOM: ,neTeii y
HHX He 6hIJIO, npH Hacne,nCTBeHHOM )l(e o6pa3e npaBJieHHSI,
ecTeCTBeHHO, IlOHa,no6HTCSI Hacne,nHHK. IJ;epKOBHbin 6paK
6hIJI HeKOTOpon rapaHTHen npOTHB pa3BO,na.
bHOrpacpbI H .no CHX nop cnopSIT 0 TOM, KaKHe qyBCTBa
ucrrbIThIBaJia )1{03ecpHHa K csoeMy My)l(y. He pa3pernHJI
:noro sorrpoca H <l>pe,nepHK MaccoH. Tio-BH.r\HMOMy, B
qyscTsax HMrrepaTpHIIbI npeo6na.nan Terrepb cTpax, cMe-
rnaHHhin c 6naroroseHHeM. )1{03ecpuHa cMepTeJibHo 6osi-
nacb HanoneoHa H ;:i;a)l(e npH HHIIH.nettTax Mettee Ba)l(HbIX,
Hanp11Mep, xor.na ,neno rnno o csepxcMeTHbIX ee .nonrax
IlOCTaBIQHKaM, TBep,nHJia npH,nBOpHbIM ,naMaM: «YBH,ll;H-
Te, OH y6heT Mem1, OH cnoco6eH MeHSI y611Tb!. .» (Hanone-
OH no ee BH.r\Y TOTqac 0 HOBbIX .nonrax .nora,nhIBaJICSI H
JIHIIJb roBOpHJI MpaqHO ,[1;1-0poxy: «Tion,nHTe IlOCTapan-
TeCb y Hee y3HaTb CKO/lblW».) Ho Ha 3TOT pa3, BonpeKH
KaTerop11qecxoMy 3arrpeIQeHHI-O, HMnepaTp1111a, ocTaB-
IIJHCh Hae,n11He c rranon, coo6IQHJia eMy, qTo He settqatta c
My)l(eM. Pa3pa3HJiacb Ta caMaSI 6ypsi, KOTopy1-0 npe,nsu;:i;e-
JIH 6Jiaropa3yMHbie caHOBHHKH: nana npH3HaJI ce6si TSl)l(KO
OCKOp6JieHHbIM H HaoTpe3 OTKa3aJICSI yqacTBOBaTb B KO-
poHaIIHH. OcTaHOBHBIIJHCb nepe.n cxaH;:i;anoM Ha BCI-O EB-
pony, HanoneoH c sipocTbI-O ycTynHJI. 7 cpp11Mepa 6hIJI
COBeprneH peJIHrH03Hbin 6paK. Ho H B OTHOIIJeHHSIX Me)l(_ny
cynpyraMH, H B OTHOIIJeHHSIX HMnepaTopa c nanon C03-
,naJICSI XOJIO,n.
Co sceM TeM 11epeMOHHSI couma npesocxo,nHo. 2 .ne-
xa6psi 113 TI-OHJibpHncxoro .nsop11a ,nBHHYJIHCb K HoTp-
,[l;aM xapa611Hepb1, rpeHa,nepbI, erepsi, MaMeJII-OKH. B BeJIH-
xonenHon 30JIOTOn KapeTe 3a HHMH CJie,nOBaJIH HMnepa-
TOp c HMnepaTp1111en. Ha )1{03ecp11He 6bIJIH OT,neJiaHHoe
30JIOTOM 6enoe nJiaThe, o6ome;:i;meecsi B soceMh;:i;ecsiT
TblCSJq HbIHeIIJHHX cppaHKOB, 6eJioe 6apxaTHOe MaHTO, ,ll;Ha-
.neMa CTOHMOCTbI-O B ,neBSITb MHJIJIHOHOB. CospeMeHHHKH
roBOpHJIH, qTo OHa HHKor.na He 6hIJia TaK xopoma, KaK B
TOT ,neHb, XOTb meJI en IlSITbin ;:i;ecSITOK. M1-0paT Hee nepe;:i;
Hen KopoHy; llIJiencp HMrrepaTpHIIbI HeCJIH HeHaBH,ll;eBmHe
ee cecTpbI HanoneoHa (cornac11Brn11ecsi Ha 3TO, nocne
6ypHbIX c11eH 11 cne3, TOJihKO B pe3yJihTaTe yJihTHMaTHB-
Horo Tpe6oBaHHSI 6parn: JIH60 HeCTH llIJiencp, JIH6o TOTqac
IlOKHHYTb <l>paHIIHI-0). «Moniteur» (N!! 12 cppHMepa) IlH-
caJI: «HeJib3SI OilHCaTb BeJI11q11e 3TOrO 3peJIHIQa».
116
 CaM HMnepaTop 6bIJI MpaqeH·. roBopmrn, qTo OH Bee
BpeM.SI 3eBaJI BO BpeM.SI KOpOHaQHOHHOrO 06p.S1,lJ,a. roBOpH-
JIH, qTo npH BblXO,lJ,e H3 co6opa OH co 3JI06oii: TOJIKHYJI
CKHneTpOM Kap.n;HHaJia, no cnyqaii:HOCTH 3aropo.n;HBIIIero
eMy .n;opory. roBOpHJIH, qTo O,lJ,HH H3 reHepaJIOB B OTBeT
Ha Bonpoc HanoneoHa, KaK eMy noHpaBHJiach QepeMOHH.SI,
CKa3aJI: «Barne BeJIHqecTBO, He XBaTaJIO TOJibKO MHJIJIH-
OHa mo.n;eii:, KOTOpbie norH6JIH, qT06bI YHHqTO)l(HTb Bee
TO, qTo Bbl cerO,lJ,H.SI BOCCTaHOBHJIH» ... Ho qero TOJibKO He
roBopHJIH H He Bhl.ll:YMhIBaJIH B IIapH)l(e 2 .n;exa6p.si: 1804
ro.n;a, B .n;eHb xopoHaQHH HMnepaTopa HanoneoHa, nocne
,lJ,BeHa.n;QaTH JieT pecny6JIHKH, «e,lJ,HHOH, Hepa3,lJ,eJibHOH H
BeqHOH» v I
...

XII.
Bc.si:xa.si: nepeMeHa rocy.n;apcTBeHHoro cTpo.si:, He3aBHCH-
MO OT CBoero COQHaJibHO-IlOJIHTHqecKoro CMbICJia, 03Ha-
qaeT BeJIHKOe nepeMeI.QeHHe BCeB03MO)l(HbIX )l(HTeHCKHX
6nar H Bbiro.n;. C npHxo.n;oM K BJiaCTH lioHanapTa, eme
3a,lJ,OJiro ,lJ,O KOpOHaQHH, HaBcer.n;a DOKHHYJI HCTOpmo ero
«noxpoBHTeJih», .n;pyr H rna<l>ep Eappac: eMy npe.n;nHcaHo
6hmo BhiexaTh H3 IIapH)l(a B HMeHH.SI. OcTp.SIKH rnyTHJIH:
«On a debarrasse la France»..... )l;pyrne BH,lJ,eJIH B 3TOM
«npH3HaK MopaJihHoro 03.n;opoBJieHH.SI CTpaHbI». B 'IHCJie
HOBblX caHOBHHKOB 6bIJIH JilO,lJ,H, BDOJIHe CTOHBIIIHe B MO-
paJibHOM OTHorneHHH Eappaca. IIepeMeI.QeHHe )l(HTeiicKHX
6nar onpe.n;eJI.SIJIOCb rnaBHbIM o6pa30M rocy.n;apcTBeHHOH
QeJiecoo6pa3HOCTbIO.
Tax 6hmo Ha Bepxax BJiaCTH. BHH3Y )Ke Bee onpe.n;en.si:-
JIOCb JIHqHbIMH CB.Sl3.SIMH, 3HaKOMCTBaMH, npoTeKQHeii: Ka-
)1(,lJ,bIH H3 caHOBHHKOB HOBOro rocy.n;apCTBa HMeJI CBOHX
JIIO,lJ,eH, KOTOpbie DOJIHTHKOH HHTepecoBaJIHCb MaJIO, HO
)l(HTeiicKHMH 6naraMH HHTepecoBaJIHCb '1pe3BbI'laiiHo. Ca-
HOBHHK no Mepe B03MO)l(HOCTH noMoraJI CBOHM JilO,lJ,.SIM.·
HanoneoH npexpacHo 3TO noHHMaJI H C'IHTaJI .SIBJieHHeM
BnOJIHe ecTeCTBeHHbIM. He B03pa)l(aJI OH BHaqaJie H npo-
THB Toro, 'ITO ero )l(eHa BC.si:qeCKH noKpOBHTeJibCTBOBaJia
JleHopMaHrne.
Ilepe.n; CH6HJIJIOH Terrepb OTKpbIJIHCb HOBbie rrpo<l>ec-

• He CJJHWKOM CHlUIT ero JJHQO H Ha 3HaMeHHTOii KapTHHe ,!J,aelUla

" «OH 06eJ6appacu;1 <l>paHQHIO» ( ifjp.). Hrpa cnoe· debarrasse - oceo6o.nnn
OT ce6ll. - llpUM pei>.

117
CHOHaJibHbie B03M0)1(HOCTH: K XHpOMaHTHH, pa6.n:oMaH-
THH, opHHTOMaHTHH npHCOe,l(HHHJiaCb eme - )J{o3e<l>HHa.
Kax HH HeoxoTHO nocB51man HanoneoH CBOJO )l(eHy B
rocy.n:apCTBeHHbie .n:ena, OHa BCe-TaKH, npOBO,l(51 Be'lepa B
o6mecTBe caHOBHHKOB, 3HaJia MHOroe H3 Toro, 'ITO HaMe-
'laJIOCb npaBHTeJihCTBOM. Kax 6hIJIO He .n:eJIHTbC51 HHbIMH
cBe.n:eHH51MH c MHJIOH Ma.n:eMya3eJib JleHOpMaH? CH6HJIJia
HeMe.n:neHHO «npe.n:cxa3bIBaJia» :no 3aHHTepecoBaHHhIM
nmi;aM. CnaBa JleHopMam1rn Bee pocna. Co cBoiicTBeHHo:H
e:H CKpOMHOCTbJO OHa IlHCaJia: «MHOJO HHTepecyJOTC51 B
AMepHKe, 51 HMeJO ThIC51'1H KJIHeHTOB B A<l>pHKe, .D:HBHoe
Moe BOJIUie6CTBO CJIY)l(HT KOMnacoM ,l(JI51 npaBHTeJibCTB; B
EBpone cpe.n:H 06pamaJOmHxc51 xo MHe 3Ha'laTC51 Bee BhI-
.n:aJOmHeC51 H yMHbie JIJO.l(H». Pocno H ee 6narononytJHe;
oHa o63aBeJiacb .n:oporo:H Me6eJibJO, xapTHHaMH, - Ha
CTeHax .D:BYX ee rocTHHbIX BHceJIH npOH3Be.n:eHH51 MHHh51-
pa, rpe3a, BaH ,ll;e:Hxa H PeM6paH.n:rn!

XIII.

IIo-BH.D:HMoMy, .n:ena JleHopMaHUIH H oco6eHHO ee

6JIH30CTb K )J{o3e<l>HHe co BpeMeHeM CTaJIH pa3.n:pa)l(aTb
HanoneoHa. 0Ha, npaB)la, YTBep)l()lana, 'ITO OH H caM 6hIJI
ee KJIHeHTOM. 0.n:Ha)l(,l(bI, paccxa3bIBaeT CH6Hnna, K He:H
51BHJiaCb KaKa51-TO )lepeBeHCKa51 )l(eHmHHa, OKa3aBUia51C51
rnyxo:H H HerpaMOTHOH. 0Ha npHHeCJia 3anHcKy: 0,l(HO
JIHIJ;O )l(eJiaeT nony'IHTb ropocxon ... He 6y)ly yTOMJI51Tb
'IHTaTeJI51 O)lH006pa3HblMH no.n:po6HOCT51MH - 6hIJIH no-
Jiy'leHbl He06XO)lHMbie CBe)leHH51, )leHb H MeC51IJ; p0)1()leHH51,
JIJ06HMbIH I.J;BeTOK, JIJ06HMOe )l(HBOTiloe H T .,l(. 3Be3)lbl
cpa3y OTKpbIJIH CH6Hnne, xaxoe JIHQO nocnano K He:H
rnyxyJO, He yMeJOmYJO 'IHTaTb .n:epeBeHCKYJO )l(eHmHHy.
CH6HJIJia cocTaBHJia H3YMHTeJihHhIH ropocxon H npHco-
e.n:HHHJia K HeMy HeCKOJibKO IlOJIHTH'leCKHX COBeTOB: He
Ha.n:o BoeBaTb c McnaHHe:H, He Ha.n:o 3a)leBaTb nany. «MM-
nepaTop 6bIJI nopa)l(eH». OH, co6cTBeHHO, H norH6 oT-
Toro, 'ITO He IlOCJiyUiaJIC51 COBeTOB JleHOpMaHUIH. ropo-
CKOil )Ke 11 .n:exa6p51 1809 ro)la IlOCTYilHJI B apXHB napH)l(-
CKOH noJIHQHH. CTOJib J.D:HBHTeJibHa51 TO'IHOCTb - 11 .n:e-

118
 xa6pSI 1809 ro.ZJ:a - .ZJ:encTByeT Ha Boo6pa:>Kemie H Teneph:
mnuymHn 3TH CTpaHHQbl pbIJICSI B IlOJIHQencKOM apXHBe
F-7°: B.ZJ:pyr H B caMoM .ZJ:eJie TaM ecTb ropocxon Hanone-
oHa? HHxaxoro ropocxona He oxa3anoch; B F-7 Boo6me
otJeHb Mano OTHOCSil.IlHXCSI K CH6HJIJie .ZJ:OKyMeHTOB, .ZJ:a H
OHH oco6oro HHTepeca He HMeIOT. PeMeCJIO JleHOpMaHIIIH,
O'leBH.ZJ:HO, He npOIIIJIO .ZJ:JISI Hee .ZJ:apoM. Ilo.ZJ: KOHeQ :>KH3HH
en npOCTO CTaJIO TPY.ZJ:HO roBOpHTb npaB.ZJ:y...
B 1803 ro.ZJ:y Ma.ZJ:eMyaJeJib JleHopMaH 6bma apecTOBa-
Ha, ~ no ee CJIOBaM, 3a TO, 'ITO BbICKa3aJiaCb npOTHB
BbICa.ZJ:KH B AHrJIHIO. qepe3 HeKoTopoe BpeMSI ee BhmycTH-
JIH Ha cBo6o.ZJ:y. KoJI.ZJ:OBCTBO 3a .ZJ:eHhrn MO:>KHO 6hmo 6b1
nO.ZJ:BecTH no.ZJ: TY HJIH .ZJ:pyry10 cTaTbIO yroJIOBHoro 3aKo-
Ha, .ZJ:a c 3aKoHoM H He o'leHb TOr.ZJ:a C'IHTaJIHCb. BepoSITHo,
y CH6HJIJibI HaIIIJIHCh BJIHSITeJibHbie noxpoBHTeJIH. Ilo3-
.ZJ:Hee HanoneoH 3anpeTHJI )1{03eqmHe BCTpe'laTbCSI c JleHo-
pMaHIIIeif - H TO:>Ke He .ZJ:OCTHr QeJIH: OHH npO.ZJ:OJI:>KaJIH
BCTpe'laTbCSI rnifHo. B 1809 ro.ZJ:y 11 .ZJ:eKa6psi «B noHe.ZJ:eJib-
HHK, nocBSIIQeHHhIH «,[J;HaHe», CH6HJIJia 6b1Jia apecTOBaHa
BTOpH'IHO. 3TOT CBOn apecT OHa BilOCJie.ZJ:CTBHH OilHCaJia B
caMon .ZJ:paMaTH'lecxon cpopMe···. C6Hpb1, B •rncne KOT0-
pb1x 6bIJIO JIHQO, 3aHHMaBIIIee BbICOKHH IlOCT B IlOJIHQHH,
.ZJ:OJiro ee .ZJ:OnpaIIIHBaJIH. 0Ha .ZJ:ep:>Kanach Heo6hI'lanHo
My:>KeCTBeHHO. 06'bSICHHJia, 'ITO en 6bIJIO 3apaHee H3BeCT-
HO 06 O:>KH.ZJ:a10meM ee apecTe. Bb1coKorrocTaBJieHHoe JIH-
Qo, BH.ZJ:HMO, 3aHHTepeCOBaJIOCb: OTKy.ZJ:a :>Ke 3TO en 6bIJIO
H3BeCTHO? JleHOpMaHilla IlOSICHHJia: eif BCe 3apaHee coo6-
l.IlaeT «reHHn ApHeJih, .ZJ:YX cBepxHe6ecHbIH H BechMa Mo-
rYl.IlecTBeHHbIH» («esprit super-celeste et tres puissant») .

• F-7 - HOMep apxnsa cjJpaHUY3CKOH UOJIHUHH. - flpuM. pei>

" B BH.lle o6pa3'1HKa ee DOJAHeiiwnx paccKaJOB npnse11y cJJe.llYJOUUlii. Ona
ysepJIJla, 'ITO ee KJJHeHTOM 6blJI pyccKHii UOCOJI B IlapmKe KHll3b KypaKHH EMy 011a
C,llenana npe,llCKaJaHHe CTOJ!b llCe TO'IHOe, CKOJ!b neo6bJICHOBeHHOe «Bbl 6y.lleTe
noseweHbI, 110 JaTeM CTa11eTe mo6HMUeM sawero HMnepaTopa».. 11, paJyMeeTcll,
see c6hlJIOCh KaK no-nnca110My. Ilocne KOH'IHHbl Cn6HJIJlbI ee 11acnet111HKH pac-
CKaJbIBaJJH :lKnpo (KoTopwii nanncan ocjJHUHaJJhHy10 6norpacjlmo «la seule
autorisee par la famille» - «TOJJhKO 3Ta 01106peHa ceMheii» - rjjp ), 'ITO c KHllJeM
KypaKHHblM npOH30WJJa ueo6bl1CllOBe1111al1 HCTOpHll B PoCCHH BCDblXHYJJO BOCCTa-
HHe, peBOJllOl.lHOHepbl CXBaTHJIH KHll3ll, uaKHllYJIH CMY ua llJCIO neTJJIO H B3,llep11y-
JIH, - 110 KaK paJ npHM'lanacb npasnTeJJhCTBeHHall 1Casanepm1, nepepeJana sepesKy
H cnacJJa KypaKHHa, UOCJJe 'lero OH nonaJJ B 60JJblllYIO MHJIOCTb IC uapIO BepOllTHO,
:no 6blJI BCCbMa ,llaJJbHHH H seCbMa csoeo6pa3HblH OTrOJIOCOK BOCCTal!Hll ,lleKa6-
pHCTOB. Ilpas11a, ICHll3b A Ii KypaKHll yMep Ja CCMb JJeT .!10 BOCCTal!Hll, 110 .lleTaJJb
JTa.~H'lero ne MOlKeT 1106aBHTb K paccKaJy.
::ha Kl!Hra ee llaJblBaeTCll .llOBOJlbllO CTpanno: «IlpopO'ICCKHe BOCUOMHHa-
HHll Cn6HJ1J1b1»

119
 BhICOKonocTaBneHHoe mrn,o cpaJy yB.smo: BeposiTHO, OHO
npe,nnonarano, 'ITO cBe,neHHSI MOrJIH nocTynaTh K CH6HJI-
ne OT cym:ecTBa 6onee JeMHoro. C6Hph1 OTBeJJIH JleHop-
Mamny B TIOphMy, OT06paB y Hee 'leTblpe TOMa «<l>HJHO-
rHOMOHHH» Jla<f>aTepa, MarH'leCKYJO naJIO'IKy, TaJIHCMaH,
TPHAU.aTh TpH rpeqecKHX X<eJJia, orHeHHoe JepKaJio H
,npyrne npe,nMeThI nepBoii Heo6xo,nHMOCTH.
JleHOpMaHIIIa yBepsina, 'ITO BTOpoil: ee apecT 6bIJI CBSl-
JaH c paJBO,lJ;OM HMnepaTopa: OHa OTKpbma )l{oJe<f>HHe,
'ITO HanoneoH xo'leT ee noKHHYTh. MMnepaTpHu.a 6po-
CHJiach K MyX<y. HanoneoH paJrHeBaJicsi: «KaKoii npe,na-
TeJih coo6m:Hn BaM :no? IlycTh X<e OH Tpenem:eT!» «HeT
npe.n;aTeJISI, HO SI Bee JHaJO, - OTBeTHJia )l{oJe<f>HHa, -
MHe Bee cKaJana Ma,neMyaJeJih JleHopMaH!» H T .,n. He-
6onhrnasi (o'leHh He60JihIIIaH) AOJIH npaBAhl B 3TOM pac-
CKaJe He HCKJIJOIJ:aeTCSI. 0 BOJMO)l(HOCTH paJBO,na HM-
nepaTOpCKOH 'leThI B IlapH)l(e noroBapHBaJIH ,naBHO. He
6hmo 6b1 HH'lero YAHBHTeJihHoro, ecJIH 6b1 CH6HJIJia
H B caMOM ,neJie coo6m:HJia 'ITO-JIH6o 06 3TOM )l{oJe<f>HHe.
MMeJI JIH OTHOIIIeHHe K 3TOMY ,neny apecT ra,naJIKH, He
6epych cKaJaTh.

XIV.

MMnepaTop ,neiiCTBHTeJihHO ,naBHO no,nyMhIBaJI o paJ-

Bo,n;e - rnaBHhIM o6paJoM no coo6pa)l(eHHSIM AHHaCTH-
'leCKHM: )l{oJe<f>HHa He .n;aJia eMy ,neTeii; 3TO 6hIJIO rnaB-
HblM ropeM Bceil: ee )l(HJHH. IlpH ,n;Bope o6paJoBanach
napTHH, CTOHBIIIaH Ja paJBOA H Ja HOBhIH 6paK JIH6o c
pycCKOH BeJIHKOH KHHX<HOH, JIH6o c aBCTpHHCKOH 3pu.rep-
u.orHHeif. HanoneoH TO BHHMaTeJihHO BhICJIYIIIHBaJI coo6-
pa)l(eHHH pyKoBOAHTeneif 3TOH napTHH, TO BHeJanHo npH-
xo,nHJI B S!pOCTh: KaK OHH CMeJOT BMeIIIHBaThCH B ero
HHTHMHhie ,nena? OH caM He JHaJI, KaK 6hITh.
Hanoneon JIJ06HJI )l{oJe<f>HHY, XOTh oHa noporo qpe-
JBhI'laifHo ero paJ,npa)l(aJia H XOTh OTHOCHJICH OH K Heit,
KaK K CTpaHHOMY cym:ecTBY HenOHSITHOH eMy nopOAhl.
)l{oJe<f>HHa Bena o6paJ X<HJHH, BhIJhIBaBIIIHH HJYMJieHHe y
HMnepaTopa. rocnO)l(a .ne PeMJOJa OCTaBHJia HaM no.n;po6-
120
 Hoe OnHcam1e .D:HR )1{03e<fJHHbl. 0Ha no yTpaM e:>Ke,n:HeBHO
noCBRinaJia TyaJieTy OKOJIO Tpex 'laCOB, 3aTeM MHOro pa3
nepeo,n:eBaJiacb H TpH pa3a B ,n:eHh MeHRJia 6eJibe. Y Hee
6hIJIO 'leTbipecTa maJieH H HeCMeTHOe 'IHCJIO nJiaTbeB,
CTOHBIIIHX no 40, 50 H no 100 TbICR'I $paHKOB. QeJibIH ,n:eHb
B ee anapTaMeHTax CMeHRJIH ,n:pyr ,n:pyra KaKHe-TO nocTaB-
InHKH, nopTHHXH, MO.D:HCTKH, c KOTOpbIMH OHa o6paina-
JiaCb, Kai< c JIY'IIIIHMH ,n:py3bRMH; HHKaKoro 3THKeTa )1{03e-
$HHa He npH3HaBaJia: Ja'leM 3Ta epyH,n:a? Mo,n:HcTKaM H
nopTHHXaM OHa HeH3MeHHO paccKa3hIBaJia Bee CBOH ceMeH-
Hbie ,n:eJia H orop'leHHR; He HMeJia cexpeTOB H OT ropHH'IHbIX.
)1{03e$HHa He 'IHTaJia HH KHHr' HH ra3eT - TaM O.D:HH
HenpHRTHOCTH, - HH'lero He ,n:eJiaJia u;eJibIH ,n:eHb H HH-
CKOJibKO He cxyqana. HanoneoHy 6b1JI0 :>KaJib )1{03e$HHy.
B.n:o6aBoK OH onacaJicR, 'ITO Hapo.n:y ero pa3BO,n: He noHpa-
BHTCR. B 3TOM OH H He omH6CR. Hapo.n: H B oco6eHHOCTH
CTapaR rnap,n:HR 6hIJIH pa3BO.D:OM B03MyineHbI: OH He ,n:oJI-
)l(eH 6hIJI 6pocaTb «Sa vielle». pa,n:H KaKOH-TO HHOCTpaHHOH
npHHQeCCbI! TipOCTbie JIIO,n:H mo6HJIH )1{03e$HHY 3a ee
npocToTy. 11MnepaTop xone6aJicR MY'IHTeJihHO H .n:onro,
06,n:yMbIBaJI caMbie HeBepORTHbie nJiallbI, BilJIOTb .n:o B03-
MO)l(HOCTH CHMYJIHpoBaTh 6epeMeHHOCTb )1{03e$HHhI H
o6'hRBHTb no,n:KH.D:bIIIIa ee CbIHOM H nacJie,n:HHKOM npe-
CTOJia!
KapTHHa 6bma BeCbMa cTpaHHaR. HanoneoH 6bIJI )l(e-
HaT, o$HQHaJibHO HHKTO 0 pa3BO,n:e He 3aHKaJICR. Ho B TO
)Ke BpeMR, B nopR,n:Ke ,n:HnJIOMaTH'leCKHX neperoBOpOB,
eMy cnemHO no,n:hICKHBaJiaCb no.n:xo,n:RinaR HeBeCTa. TipH
,n:Bope 06 3TOM 3HaJIH MHOrHe; He MOrJia B KOHQe KOHQOB
He yJHaTb H caMa )1{03e$HHa. PyxoBo,n:HTeJIH napTHH
pa3Bo,n:a CTaHOBHJIHCb Bee cMenee. Kax Ha 6e,n:y, Ja He-
CKOJibKO JieT .n:o Toro, B MapTe 1806 ro,n:a, HMnepaTop
H3,n:aJI 3aKOH, no KOTOpOMY npHHQbl u;apCTBYIOinero ,n:oMa
JIHIIIeHbl 6bIJIH npaBa Ha pa3BO,n:. 3HaMeHHTbIH IOpHCT
KaM6acepec JII06e3Ho B3RJI Ha ce6R IOpH,n:H'lecxyIO cTopo-
HY .n:ena. lihIJIH Haif,n:eHbI B HCTOpHH npeu;e,n:eHTbI: pa3BeJICR
c )l(eHOH reHpHX IV, pa3BeJICR <l>HJIHnn ABrycT, pa3BeJICR,
HaKoHeu;, caM KapJI BeJIHKHH!
Cu;eHbI pa3Bo,n:a MHoro pa3 onHChIBaJIHCb HCTOpHKaMH.

• «CBOIO CTapyxy» ( rfip )

121
 30 tto.si:6p.si: 1809 ro.n:a HMnepaTop o6e.n;aJI c HMnepaT-
pmi;eii. «3a o6e.n;oM 6bmo Jie.n;.si:ttoe MOJiqaHHe». 3aTeM
HanoJieoH npHKaJaJI BCeM BhIHTH. qepe3 ttecKOJibKO MH-
HYT H3 KOMHaThl .n;oHeCJIHCb CTpaillHhie, pa3.n;HpalOil.lHe
.n:yrny KpHKH . .ll:Bopu;OBbIH KOMeH.n;aHT .n:e Eocce s6e)l(aJI B
Ka6HHeT. MMnepaTpHu;a B HCTepHKe KaTaJiaCh IIO KOBpy.
IlpH.n;sopHbie 6pocHJIHCh Ja Jieii6-Me.n;HKOM. B.n;pyr )J(03e-
qmHa JIHillHJiach qyscTB. IlpH sceii csoeii npocTOTe H
Henocpe.n;cTBeHHOCTH, OHa B HeKOTOpbIX OTHOilleHH.sIX npe-
BOCXO.D:HJia Capy EepHap. )l;Bopu;osbIH KOMeH.n;aHT c Ha-
IIOJieOHOM IIO.ll:H.sIJIH HMIIepaTpHu;y H 6epe)l(H0 nepeHeCJIH
ee Ha .n;HBaH. He OTKpbrna.si: rnaJ, oHa cep.n;HTO npowen-
TaJia Eocce: «He .n;asHTe TaK KpenKo» ...
3a'IeM-TO IIOHa.n;o6HJiaCh eil.le TOp)l(eCTBeHHa.sI cu;eHa
seance de famille*, pa3hlrpaHHa.sI IIO BCeM npaBHJiaM 3TH-
KeTa. lfro6b1 yTernHTh )J(o3eqmtty, HanoJieoH no.n;apHJI eii:
PHM! 113 PHMa 6y.n;eT c.n;eJiaHo oco6oe BJia.n;eHHe, OHO
OT.n;aeTC.sI HMIIepaTpHu;e. He BC.sIKHH My)I(, KOHeqHo, Mor
npH pa3Bo.n;e c.n;eJiaTb TaKoii: no.n:apoK )l(eHe; o.n;HaKo )J(o-
Jeqmtta CJihirnaTh o HeM He xoTeJia: 3aqeM eii PHM? qTo eii:
.n;eJiaTh B PHMe? OHa npe.n;noqHTaeT OCTaTbC.sI B IlapH)l(e.
MMnepaTop cornacHJIC.si: H Ha 3To: BMecTo PHMa )J(o3eqm-
He 6bIJIH no.n;apeHhI EJIHceiicKHii .n;Bopeu;, MaJihMe30H,
oxoTHHqHii: JaMoK Hasapp. Eii: HaJHa'IHJIH neHCHIO B TPH
MHJIJIHOHa <l>paHKOB B ro.n: (CBbIIlle 25 MHJIJIHOHOB HbIHern-
HHX) . .ll:oJirn ee 6bIJIH y1rnaqeHbl. 3a Heil: OCTaBaJIC.sI HM-
nepaTopCKHH THTYJI H .n:a)l(e 6hmo o6eil.laHo, 'ITO Ha npH-
.n;BopHhIX u;epeMOHH.sIX OHa 6y.n;eT HMeTh npeHMyil.leCTBO B
paHre nepe.n: HOBoii HMnepaTpHu;eii:. HanoJieoH, IIO-BH.D:H-
MoMy, 6bm q:pe3BbI'IaiiHo .n;oBoJieH, qTo oT.n;eJiaJic.si:. Ha
pa.n;oCT.sIX OH o6'h.sICH.sIJI )J(o3e<l>HHe, 'ITO HX OTHOWe-
HH.sI OCTa.HyTC.sI npe)l(HHMH: Be.n;b OH 6y.n;eT 'IaCTO ee Ha-
Beil.laTh.

xv.
TiocJie pa3BO.n;a c )J(o3e<l>HHOH IIpOH30WJIO CTpaHHOe
.sIBJieHHe: oHa no-HaCTO.sIIl.leMy BJII06HJiach B HarroJieoHa.
B nopy HX 6paKa B ee qyBcTBax K My)l(y, IIOBTOp.sIIO,

• CeMeilua11 cueua ((/jp.)

122
 npeo6Jia,n;ami: 6JiaroroBeHHe H cTpax. Tenepb 'IYBCTBa )l(o-
3e<l>HHhI HeJib3SI 6bIJIO Ha3BaTb HHa'le, KaK CTpaCTHOH BJII0-
6JieHHOCTblO. BcKope IlOCJie seance de famille HMnepaTop
noce'l'HJI ee B ux MaJibMe3oHe. 0Ha nJiaKaJia B Te'leHHe
Bcero BH3HTa. IlocemaJI OH ee H no3,n;Hee, BHa'laJie 'lame,
IlOTOM pe:>Ke, - Bee, KaK 6hrnaeT. Ilepe.n; Ka:>K,ll;bIM CBH,n;a-
HHeM, BO BpeMSI CBH,ll;aHHSI, IlOCJie CBH,ll;aHHSI 6bIJIH CJie3bI;
3a HHMH CJie,n;oBaJIH Me'ITbl 0 HOBOH BCTpe'le. MHoroe B
IlCHXOJIOfHH )1(03e<l>HHbl TaK :>Ke HenOHSITHO, KaK Tpora-
TeJibHO. 0Ha caMa cooeTOBaJia HanoJieoHy :>KeHHTbCSI Ha
MapHH JlyH3e; oeJia ,n;a:>Ke 06 3TOM, no cooeii HHH:QHaTHoe,
neperoBopbI c rocno:>Koii MeTTepHHx! Kor.n;a y HanoJie-
oHa po,n;HJICSI CbIH, cTpaCTHoe :>KeJiaHHe )1(03e<l>HHb1: yBH-
.n;eTb ero. QeHOH 6oJiblllHX ycHJIHH OHa ycTpaHBaeT BCTpe-
qy: MaJieHbKOfO pHMCKOfO KOpOIDl npHB03SIT B KOJISICO'IKe
B BaraTeJIJih. HanoJieoH see 3TO npHHHMaJI KaK ,n;oJI:>KHoe.
B nHChMax K )1(03e<l>HHe OH coo6maeT pa3Hb1e coe,n;eHHSI o
cooeM CbIHe. B o,n;HoM H3 nHceM C'IHTaeT ,n;a:>Ke ffY:>KHbIM
yoe,n;oMHTb ee: <<l1MnepaTpH:Qa (T.e. MapHSI JlyH3a) O'leHb
MeHSI JII06HT!» bbITb MO:>KeT, OH ,n;yMaJI, 'ITO H3BeCTHe :no
,ll;OJI'.>KHO KpaHHe o6pa,n;oBaTb )1(03e<l>HHy. A CKOpee HanH-
caJI nepBoe, 'ITO npHIIIJIO B rOJIOBy: OH 6bIJI O'leHb 3aHSIT,
eMy HeKor.n;a 6bIJIO pa3MbllllJISITb 0 'IY:>KOH .n;y111e.
)1(03e<l>HHa IlOKa3bIBaJiaCb B o6mecTBe, HO ee IlOSIBJie-
HHe, ecTeCTBeHHO, BHOCHJIO XOJIO,ll;OK. 0Ha 3TO 3aMe'la-
Jia - H nJiaKaJia. IlJiaKaJia oHa ooo6me 6ecnpecTaHHO.
IlocJie npHe3,n;a B IlapH:>K MapHH JlYff3bI npHCYTCTBHe
,n;Byx HMnepaTpH:Q CTaJIO Bbl3bIBaTb MHOfO'IHCJieHHbie He-
y.n;o6CTBa. HanoJieoH no3a60THJICS1 o TOM, 'IT06hl )1(03e-
<l>HHa 6bIBaJia B CTOJIH:Qe 803MO'.>KHO pe:>Ke. 0Ha IlYTeIIIe-
CTBOBaJia, '.>KHJia B ManbMe30He, B OXOTHH'lbeM 3aMKe -
H nJiaKaJia.
He Ha.n;o, onpo'leM, ,n;yMaTb, 'IT06hl rope oTpa:>KaJIOCb
Ha ee 06pa3e '.>KH3HH. IlocTaBmHKH OT Hee He BbIXO,ll;HJIH.
HecMoTpSI Ha cooii orpoMHbIH .n;oxo.n;, )1(03e<l>HHa eme
yxHTpHJiacb 3aHooo 3a,n;oJI:>KaTh .n;o .n;oa.n;:QaTH nSITH MHJI-
JIHOHOB <l>paHKOB. Me:>K,n;y TeM rrpo:>KHJia oHa nocJie pa3-
oo.n;a JIHlllb Il.SITb JieT (nepe:>KHB KpYIIIeHHe HMIIepHH);
yMepJia cKoponoCTH:>KHO, npo6oJieB ocero .n;oa ,n;HSI. Ma-
.n;aM .n;e PeMI03a paccKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO 3a HecKOJihKO qacoo
.n;o CBOeH KOH'IHHbl HMnepaTpH:Qa 6bIJia O'leHb 03a6o'leHa:
123
KaKOH neHbIOap Ha.n;eTb? - B 3TOT .n;eHh ee .n:omKeH 6hIJI
noceTHTh B Ma.JihMe3oHe HMnepaTop AJieKcaH.n;p: «Elle a
expire toute couverte de rubans et de satin couleur de
rose»· ...

XVI.
JleHOpMaHma H BO BTOpoii pa3 OCTaBaJiaCh B TlOpbMe
He.n;oJiro. Ho .n:m1 Hee, KaK H .n:m1 ee noKpOBHTeJibHHQhI,
HaqaJIOCb BpeM.H yna.n;Ka. Tipe.n;cKa3bIBaTh 6hlJIO Tpy.n;Ho,
)1(03eqmHa 6oJibrue HHqero He 3HaJia. KaK 6y.n;To crnJia
npoxo.n:HTh Ha ra.n:aHHe H Mo.n:a. M3-3a 3Toro JIM HJIH H3-3a
apecTa CH6HJIJia cTaJia BparoM cyru;ecTBOBaBmero CTpo.H.
flo KpaHHeH Mepe, KOr,lla COI03HHKH BCTYIIHJIH B flapmK,
JleHOpMaHma, c 3M6JieMOH .6yp60HOB, BbllliJia HaBCTpeqy
Ka3aKaM, KOTOpbIX OHa noqeMy-To HMeHyeT «B03JII06JieH-
HbIMH ChIHaMH MepKypH.H». no ee CJIOBaM, ny6JIHKa He-
Me.n;neHHO ee y3HaJia H ycTpOHJia eii oBaQHIO: «.ll:a 3.n:paB-
cTByeT KOpOJib H Ma,lleMya3eJih JleHOpMaH! 0Ha npe.n:-
CKa3aJia 1814 ro.n:!»
CH6HJIJia BC.HqecKH CTapaJiacb BORTH B MHJIOCTh K
.6yp6oHaM. Ho 3TO eii He y.n:aBaJIOCh. Mo.n:a He )l{eJiaJia
B03Bpa!QaThC.H. JleHopMaHma ymJia B JIHTepaTypy . .6oJih-
ma.H qacTh ee KHHr HanHcaHa nocJie pecTaBpaQHH. HeMHO-
rHM H3BeCTHO, qTo OHa HaIIHCaJia nepByIO 6Horpalf>Hl0
HMnepaTpHQbl )1(03elf>HHbl. 0 ee npOH3Be,lleHH.HX y HCTOpH-
KOB BCnOMHHaTb He npHH.HTO - H HanpacHo. Pa3yMeeTc.H,
BpaJia JleHOpMaHma oqeHh MHOro, HO eCJIH yMeTb qHTaTb
KHHrH, TO MO)l{HO BbIY.llHTb npaB.n:y H H3 3TOH. A e.n:Ba JIM
KTO Jiyqme 3Han )1(03elf>HHY, qeM CH6HJIJia. KHHry CBOIO
oHa nocB.HTHJia HMnepaTopy AneKcaH.n:py, K KOTopoMy
e3,llHJia B AaxeH, - TaM TO)l{e ra.n:aJia. IJ,apb OTHOCHJIC.H K
Heil 6JiarocKJIOHHO. B npe.n:HCJIOBHH K KHHre CH6HJIJia
HaneqaTaJia IIHCbMO 3a IIO,llTIHCblO KH.H3.H «BaJIKYCKoro»
(oqeBH,llHO, TI. M. BoJIKOHCKoro), noMeqeHHoe 6-18 OK-
rn6p.H 1818 ro.n:a H H3Be1Qa101Qee ee o TOM, qTo Qapb
npHHHMaeT IlOCB.HIQeHHe H )l{aJiyeT eii 6pHJIJIHaHTOBOe
KOJibQO. B npe.n:HCJIOBHH )Ke KO BTOpOMY BhlTIYCKY coo6-

• «Ona OTOUJJia B MHp UllOH BCll B JieHTaX" p030BOM aTJiace» (rfip ).

124
 manoch, qTo HanoneoH Ha ocTpoBe CBHTOH EneHhI 3anu-
BaJICH cne3aMH YMHJieHHH, quTaH KHnry rocnoxrn JleHop-
MaH, H B qaCTHOCTH IIOCBHI.UeHHe HMIIepaTopy AnexcaH,n;-
py: «Les larmes coulaient des yeux du grand homme» • u
T..n;. HanoJieOH CKOHqaJICH He3a.n;onro .n;o BhlXO,n;a BTOporo
BhIIIYCKa, H He HCIIOJih30BaTh ero B peKJiaMHhIX IWJIHX
6hlJIO, KOHeqHo, rpenrno. ,ll;py)l(6a r-)l(H JleHopMaH c )l(o-
3e<l>uHoH npo,n;oJI)l(aJiach H nocne pa3Bo,n;a. IlonyquB H3Be-
CTHe o BHe3aIIHOH 6oJie3HH nMnepaTpHQhI, Cu6unna 6po-
cunach B MaJihMe3oH, - «Morna JIHIIIh noQeJioBaTh Mep-
TBoe TeJIO».
JleHopMamna rrepe)l(HJia )1(03e<l>uHy rroqTu Ha TpH,n;QaTh
JieT. 0 crapoH ra,n;aJIKe 60JihIIIe HHKTO B IlapH)l(e H He
roBopHJI. Otta 6hlJia 6oraTa, 3aHHManach KaKHMH-TO crre-
KYJIHQHHMH. Ho, no-BH.D:HMoMy, ee npopoqecKHH .n;ap TepHJI
CHJIY Ha 6Hp)l(e; OHa IIOTepHJia Ha cneKyJIHQHHX 3HaquTeJib-
H)'IO qacrb Toro, qTo .n;ano ew qeJioBeqecxoe nerKoBepue.
Ha qy)l(OM nerKoBepuu 6hma rrocTpoeHa BCH ee
)l(H3Hh, - B 3TOM, co6CTBeHHO, e,n;HHCTBeHHhIH HHTepec ee.
rocIIO)l(a JleHopMaH )l(HJia B TY 3noxy, MH KOTOpOH
cquTaeTCH oco6eHHO xapaxTepHoH Bepa B pa3yM, B ero
MOI.Uh, B ero npaBa. KnueHTaMH )l(e ee 6hlJIH caMhie
H3BeCTHhie mo.n;u MHpa! JI conocTaBHJI )l(H3Hh Cu6uJIJihI c
)l(H3Hhl0 )1(03e<l>uHhI BorapHe. 3To, KOHeqHo, o6nacTh
«MaJIOH HCTOpHH». Ho COilOCTaBJieHHe Ka3aJIOCh MHe 3a-
HHMaTeJibHhIM HMeHHO IIOTOMY' qTo TaK HCHO Ha HeM
IIpOHBJIHeTCH TeCHaH CBH3h Me)l(,n;y MaJihIM H 60JihIIIHM.
Bee 3,n;ech 6hIJIO TOp)l(eCTBOM cnyqaH. «Le Hasard, c'est le
pseudonyme de Dieu quand ii ne veut pas signer» .. , -
roBopHT <l>paHQY3CKHH II03T. BepxoBHOMY IlpoMhICJIY u B
caMOM ,n;eJie Heqero 6hlJIO 6hI IIO,lJ;IIHChIBaTh B .n;enax 3THX
.D:BYX )l(eHrn;HH, ,lJ;OBOJihHO 6JIH3KO CTOHBIIIHX H K 60JihIIIOH
HCTOpHH - K HacmORUJeU.
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HOMY 6uorpa<l>y, qTo oHa «yMepna ,n;eBcTBeHHOH, xax
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• «CJJeJbl JIHJJHCb H3 rnll3 BeJJHKOro 'leJJOBeKa» ( rfip.}

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CBOe HMll>> ((/jp.).

125
3TO He COBCeM TO'IHO. fio KpaiiHeH Mepe, B HOMepe
«Journal des Debats» OT 28 moHjJ 1883 ro,na MHe nona-
nacb cne,n;yIOU\ajJ JaMeTKa:
«B'lepa, 72 JieT OT po.n;y' yMepna )l(eHU\FIHa, 0 KOTOpoii
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HOpMaH. 0Ha, roBopu, ocTaBHJia 500 OOO <l>paHKOB nne-
MjiHHHKy, o<Pm.i:epy a<l>pHKaHCKOH apMHH».

126
НиколайНовосильцев
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110M11HaHH.S1M H 11poeKTaM aMepHKaHCKHX 110JIHTHqecKHX
.n;e.SITeJieU 1918-1919 ro,n;OB, TO Mbl Han.n;eM B HHX 11oqTH
,llOCJIOBHOe COB11a.n;eHHe c $pa3aMH pyccKoro ,llHl1JIOMaTH-
qecKoro .n;oKyMeHTa Haqana XIX cToJieTH.SI.

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5-5311
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' Jlarapn «l>peAepHK Ce:iap Ae (1754-1838) - DIBeiiuapcKHii nonHTH'iecKHii

1e111 enb, npusepll(eH~ HAeii IlpocseiueHBJ1. - ll[JUM. peo.

131
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132
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133
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OTHOCHBIIIeHCSI K <<JzyXy Heonpe,neJiemmro JIH6eprum3Ma».
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nme! Tenepb 3TO cMemHo - Tenepb Bee cMeIIJ.Ho. lfro )Ke
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BpeMeHeM, xor.na OTBe.nyT .nymy HCT-Opmm pyccK-0ro JIH6e-
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B 3TOH cpe.ne B03Hmrna H MblCJib o Jlure Hau.nil. He-
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,neHHJO aarJIH'laH, - <l>paHD;Heit HanoneoH co6Hpan B
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135
 rnaBHhIX ero y6nih~. Ho Tor.na :no co6hITHe BhI3Bano
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lllee,nCKHH KOpOJlh rycTaB 3a.HBHJ1 npoTeCT H, He IlOJ1Y'IHB
OTBeTa, Benen BpyqHTb <l>paHQY3CKOMY noeepeHHOMY B
.nenax HOTY, B KOTOpOH roeopHJ10Cb 0 «Henp1rnnqHhIX H
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11 MapTa. HacTo.si:meif BOHHhI eme He 6Lrno, HO .neno IIIJ10
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MO:>KHO cqnTaTh ycTaHOBJieHHhIM OTHOCHTeJlhHO AttrnHH,
PoccHH, AecTpHH. YKa3LrnaeML1e HCTOpHKaMH couHaJih-
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6hrnaeT .L(OBOJlbHO qacTO. IlCHXOJIOrHeH 60Jibllla.SI HCTOpH.SI
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qenoeeKa (KH.H3.H MHxaHJia )J;onropyKoro). Ott enepeb1e
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.nypaqeCTBa Ha MaCJieHHQe, Ha MaCKapa.nax, JII06e3HOCTH,
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BblCKa3aTb Te6e HeBe:>KeCTBO MOJIO)J;bIX JIIOJJ;eii:, KOTOpble
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136
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a Ha cMepTb. To'IHO Tax )Ke H pyccxHe npaBRll{He xnaccbI
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137
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138
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O'tfeHh YMHbIH, He3aBHCHMbIH H nopS1.llO'tJ:HbIH. Tio,no6Ho
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'ITO CJIOB «<J>paHKOMaH>> H «repMaHOMaH» y Hae HHI<Or)la
He cyrn:ecTBoBano). TieTep6yprcxne He)lo6poX<enaTenn
rpa<Pa C'iHTaJili ero )la)J(e COBepmeHHblM aHrJIH'iaHHHOM, -
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He IlOTepSITb CB.113H c pO)lHHOH. IIlyTI<a KaK myTI<a, HO B
AHrnHJO rp. BopoHU:OB 61>1JI B caMOM )lene notJTH smo6-
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139
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KOeHOBeHHOeTM».
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paHHTl:J npoeBem;eHMe, Ha3HaqaTb YMHbIX MMHMeTpOB M
qeeTHblX 'IHHOBHHKOB. «Ha.no nporHaTb H,[(HOTOB» («ii faut
eongedier les idiots»), - eoxpam;eHHo Bhrpa)l(aeT OH eBoif
eoBeT. 3To, KOHeq1-10, 6LIJia nporpaMMa-MMHMMyM.
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• Kp 3MHJib (1857-1926) - «jlpauupcKHH ncuxoTepaneBT Ero cuCTeMa -

MeTO.n H3Jie'ICHHll caMOBHyweuHeM - flpw.t peo

140
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' «Y uac npoC1 o c-rpac rb K 3a1mio•1enmo cowJoB» ( ifjp )

141
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B TieTep6ypre 3TO npexpacHo noim:Ma.Jrn:. AneKcaH.lJ.P I
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MO)l(HO: ero HaCTpOeHJl.SI 6h1Jrn: ,ll.OCTaTO"lHO H3BecTHhI, H
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,llOBOJihHO XOJIO,D;HbIM npHeM.
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IlHTTe.

v.
3.ri:ech O'ieHh CKa3aJIOCb TO SIBJieHHe, KOTOpoe 4>paHD,y-
3hI nepe.ua10T Tpy,n:HonepeBOJJ;HMhIM cnoBoM «ambiance»·.
J.(HrrJIOMaThl OTJIH'iHO 3TO 3HaJOT: ,r(JISI Ba)KHblX neperoBo-

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142
 pos H Teneph s1>16HparoT ropo.n. c no.nxo.n.gmeii ambiance -
'!TO KOMY HYJKHO: HeMQbI nperotO'IHTaIOT raary, <PpaH-
U:Y3hl - )l(eHesy, Ep10ccem.. JlOH.1J.OHCKag ambiance 1804
ro.n.a ,lJ.OBOJlbHO pe3KO OTJIH'laJiaCb OT neTep6yprcKOH.
H. H. HoBOCHJihU:eB npH HecOMHeHHOM csoeM yMe
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MOJKHO 6y.D:eT ero CBeprttYTh npH IlOMOIT(H pa3HblX TOHKHX
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.1J.06pag 3HaKoMag HosocHJibu;esa Onhra )l(epe6:a;osa 6b1-
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KHM. B nepBOM JICe CBOeM ,Ll;OHecemrn: u;apIO (OT 22 Hog6pg)
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143
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O,ll,HHX pyccxHx CHJI ne,lJ,ocraTo'IHo; Ha,lJ,o npHBJie'lb AacT-
pHIO H IIpyccmo. Heo6xo,ll,HMO no3TOMY BbISICHHTb, xa-
xyro npHMaHKY MM MO:>KHO ,lJ,aTI> ( «les appats qui
pourraient Jes tenter»).
3To na'laJio paJroaopa BhI3BaJ10 y HoaocHJibUCBa He-
KOTopyro HeJIOBKOCTh, -- OH eUJ,e ue •°JTBhIK or SIJbIKa He-
rnacnoro KOMHTeTa. PyccKHH ynOJIHOMO'ICHHblH OTBeTHJI,
'ITO TaK MO)J(HO BnaCTb B HCKOHHblH r!JCX ( «retomber dans
144
 le defaut des premiers temps»): ec1rn HaqHeTCSI HOBoe
pacqneHeHHe EBporrhI, ec1m Ka)l(,[{bIH 6y.[{eT CTpeMHThCSI K
TOMy, qT06b1 H3B11eqh .[{JISI ce6S1 Bbiro.[{y, TO TPY.[{HO 6y.[{eT
yCTaHOBHTb B MHpe HOBbIH rropSl.[{OK H HapO.[{HOe rrpaBo.
IlHTT, BepOSITHO, 6bIJI HeCKOJlbKO y.[{HBJieH, - 6bITb
MO)l(eT' H OH K TOMY BpeMeHH eme He IIOTepsm crroco6-
HOC.."TH y.[{HBJISITbCSI. Ho B oco6oe CMymeHHe He MOr rrpH-
BeCTH ero H 3TOT HeO)l(H,[{aHHbIH Sl3bIK - «MY3hIKa 6y.[{y-
mero», me.[{IIIaSI H3 3HMHero .[{Bopu,a B IleTep6ypre: rroc11e
17-JieTHero rrpe6hIBaHHSI Ha IIOCTY rrepBoro MHHHCTpa
AHrJIHH OH, HaBepHO, rrpHBbIK KO BCSIKHM Sl3bIKaM H c
mo6bIM qeJIOBeKOM Mor roBOpHTb TaK, KaK 6hIJIO y.[{o6Hee
u nyqIIIe (rrpHBhIK )Ke KneMaHco K Sl3hIKY BHJihCOHa). Ilo
KpaH:HeH Mepe, KOr,[{a B03HHKJia pe'lb 0 «HOBOM Me)l(,[{yHa-
pO.[{HOM KO,[{eKce», rrepBbIH MHHHCTp 3aSIBHJI, 11TO BceH
.[{YIIIOH coqyBCTByeT 3TOH rrpeBOCXO.[{HOH MbICJIH. IIpaB,[{a,
OH Bbipa3HJI H HeKOTOpoe COMHeHHe: corJiaCHTCSI JIH Ka-
KaSl-JIH6o MorymecTBeHHasr .[{ep)l(aBa rrpHHSITh o6sr3aTeJib-
Hoe nocpe,[{HH11eCTBO B Ba)l(HbIX Me)l(,[{yHapO.[{HbIX cnopax.
TeM He MeHee IlHTT oKa3a11csr ropsrquM cTopoHHHKOM
H,[{eu JlHrH Hau,HH:. Bo BCSIKOM c11y11ae, 3TO 6h1110 ,[{e110
6y.[{ymero. Borrpoc o rrpHMaHKax MSI ABcTpuu u Ilpyccuu
Tpe6oBanocb pa3peIIIHTh Tenepb )Ke. Co cBoeH: cTopOHhI,
HoBOCHJihI.J,eB rroIIIeJI Ha ycTynKu: HeKOTOpb1e npe.[{JIO)l(e-
HHSI 3THM CTpaHaM, KOHe11HO, MOrJIH 6bI 6hITb C,[{eJiaHhl.
Y.[{apeHHe Ha11a110 rrepeMemaTbcsr.
3aTeM ,[{eJio KOcHy11ocb u,e11eH: caMoH Poccuu. IlHTT,
IIO-BH,[{HMOMy, ,[{ep)l(aJICSI 011eHb HaCTOpO)l(e BO Bee BpeMSI
3TOH 6ece,[{bI, KOTopasr .[{JISI Hero u .[{JISI AHrnun HMe11a
orpoMHOe 3Ha11eHHe. OH CKa3aJI B He 011eHb onpe.[{eJieHHOH
cpopMe, 11To, no ero cBe,[{eHHSIM, B IleTep6ypre cymecTByeT
I1JiaH pa3.[{eJia Typu,uu u OBJia,[{eHHSI KoHcTaHTHHorro11eM.
HoBocnJihI.J,eB 3TO oTpuu,an, - .[{YMaIO, Brro11He uc-
1epe1rno: no.[{06Hb1e pa3r0Bopb1 B Her11acHoM KOMHTeTe
MOrJIH 6bITb, HO cpopMbl SICHoro IIOJIHTH11eCKOro IIJiaHa
OHH ne rrpnHHMaJIH. PyccKHH yrro11HoM011eHHhIH peIIIHTe-
JihHO 3asrBHJI IlHTTy, 11TO HMrrepaTop A11eKcaH.[{p He umeT
,[{JISI POCCHH HHKaKHX BbirO,[{ H He .[{yMaeT 06 OBJia,[{eHHH
KoHcTaHTHHorro11eM. Pe11b MO)l(eT H.[{TH TOJibKO o pyccKoM
rroKpoBnTeJihCTBe rrpo)l(HBa10muM B Typu,uu xpucTnaHaM.
0TBeT He BIIOJIHe y.[{OBJieTBOpHJI rJiaBy 6puTaHCKOrO
npaBnTeJibCTBa. «Eb1110 MHoro rrpuMepoB, - cKa3aJI
OH, - - qTo IIOKpOBHTeJibCTBO Ha,[{ CTpaHOIO OKaH11HBaJIOCb
ee TIOKOpeHHeM».
YTiapeHHe y HoBOCHJihI.J,eBa pe3KO MeTHYJIOCh B CTopo-

145
 Hy. «A ecJIH 6hI .na:>Ke H TaK, - B03pa3HJI OH, - TO BaM
JIH, JIY'IIIIHM .UPY3MlM HaIIIHM, TpeBOJKHTbCSI HaIIIHMH yc-
nexaMH? Pa3Be AHrJIHSI OTToro noHecna 6hr n0Tep10?»
3TH CJIOBa SIBHO He IIOHpaBHJIHCb nepBOMY MHHHCTpy,
XOTb H HCXO.ZJ;HJIH OHR OT JIY'IIIIHX .upy3eii AHrJIHH. «obIJIO
6bl BeCbMa HeOCHOBaTeJihHO, - CKa3aJI IlHTT, - IIOMhIIII-
JISITb 06 ocymecTBJTemrn no.no6HhIX IUiaHoB B TaKoe Bpe-
MSI, Kor.na cne.uyeT y6e.ZJ;HTh Bee .uepJKaBhl, .no KaKoii CTene-
HH yJKaCHhI no.no6Hhle HapyIIIeHHSI Hapo,D;Horo npaBa».
TaKHM o6pa30M, nepBbIH MHHHCTp, CTOJih 6bICTpO
CTaBIIIHH ropsitIHM CTOpOHHHKOM Jiurn Hau:Hii, yJKe
IIOJih30BaJICSI ee OCHOBHhIMH IIpHHu;HIIaMH B neperoBopax
c TeMH JIIO.D;hMH, KOTOpble 3TH npHHu;HIIhI BhI.D;BHHYJIH! OT
«ecnH 6h1 .naJKe H TaK» HoBOCHJihU:eB nerKo OTKa3ancsi, -
3TO B CaMOM .nene He OtJeHh coo6pa30BaJIOCb c HapO.D;HbIM
npaBOM. Ho npu noJIHOM e.ZJ;HHO.ZJ;yIIIHH B npHHU:HnHaJih-
HhIX BOnpocax HeJih3SI 6bIJIO cpa3y OTKa3aThCSI OT IlOilbIT-
KH yBJie'lh H.D;eeii J111rn Hau;Hii Bcne.n Ja IlHTTOM H BTopo-
ro rrau;mpucTa - HanoneoHa. PaJyMeeTcsi, rrpH yCJIOBHH,
'ITO <I>paHU:HSI 6y.neT BBe.n;eHa B CBOH «ecTecTBeHHble rpa-
HHu;bI».
IlpOTHB 3Toro IlHTT HHCKOJibKO He B03paJKaJI, - OH,
BepOSITHO, BilOJIHe SICHO rrpe,n;cTaBJISIJI ce6e, KaKOH ycnex
3TO rrpe,D;JIO:>KeHHe, c eCTeCTBeHHbIMH rpaHHU:aMH, MO)l(eT
HMeTh y cppaHU:Y3CKOro HMnepaTopa. ,lJ;Hanor 6hIJI npH-
6JIH3HTeJibHO TaKoii: - PyccKHii ynoJIHOMOtJeHHhIH )l(e-
naeT cne3.D;HTh B IlapH)I( .nmr Toro, 'IT06hl y6e,n;HTh Eoaa-
napTa? IlpeKpacHasi MhICJih. - Ho Koro )Ke nepBhIH MH-
HHCTp Ha3Ha'IHT .D;JISI Be,n;eHHSI neperosopoB OT HMeHH
AHrnm1? - Koro Ha3HatJuT? .D;a ero )Ke, HoBOCHJihU:eBa.
0TtJero 6b1 eMy He npe,n;cTaBJISITh npH 3THX neperosopax
cpa3y H AttrJIHIO, H Pocc1110?
HOBOCHJibU:eB 6bIJI B BOCTOpre. «ECJIH 6 OOHanapTe He
corJiaCHJICSI Ha C.D;eJiaHHOe eMy npe.D;JIOJKeHHe, - IIHCaJI OH
qapTOpbICKOMY 8 SIHBapsi, - TO SI 6y.ny HMeTb IlOJIHYIO
B03M0)1(HOCTb copBaTb c Hero MaCKY H IIOKa3aTb BCeM
)[(eJia10muM BH.UeTh, tJTo OH TOJihKO tJY.UOBHme». Ey,n;eT
soiiHa, - 'ITO )I(, soiiHa TaK soiiHa. Boo6me B JloH,n;oHe
see IIIJIO npesocxo.D;Ho. «IlpHHu: BannHiicKHii CKa3aJI )J(e-
pe6u:oBoii, 'ITO OH HH'lero TaK He )l(eJiaeT, KaK II03HaKO-
MHTbCSI co MHOIO» (nHCbMO qapTOpbICKOMY OT 25 HOSl6-
psi). «CHcTeMa BaIIIero BeJIHtJeCTBa c.nenaeTcsi 3.necb Ha-
U:HOHaJihHOH CHCTeMOH •.. 3.neIIIHee MHHHCTepCTBO He OCMe-
JIHTCSI npoTHBHThCSI BaM HH B tJeM» (.noHeceHHe u:ap10 OT
24 ,n;eKa6psi). IlpaB.na, cucTeMa, 3asoeBaBIIIaS1 AHrJIHIO,
146
cnuia B JloH)l,OHe HecKOJThKO HHo:H. HoBOCHJihIJ.eB nmueT
Tenepb o BOHHe c <I>paH~eii TaK, KaK 6y)l.TO HH o qeM
~YTOM HMKOr)l,a peqH He 6bIJ10 H He MOrJio 6bITb. He
npHXO)l,HTCR y.n;HBJIRTbCSI TOMy, qTo K :no:H CHCTeMe IIHTT
np1rnemrnc.si cep.n;neM H .zzymoro.

VI.
KaK HH Tpy,nHo 3TOMY noaepHTh, HoBOCHJihIJ.eB 6hIJI
y6e)l()leH, qTo BhlTIOJIHHJI CBOIO MHCCHIO -<<CaMhlM qy,ZJJlhlM
o6pa30M» (IlHCbMO K qapTOpblCKOMY OT 8 RHBapR 1805
ro.na). Tpy.ZJ;Ho cKa3aTh c )'BepeHHOCThJO, pa3.n;emum Jilll
ero y.noBJieTBopeHHe HMnepaTop AneKcaH.n;p H qneHhl He-
nrncHoro KOMHTeTa. Bnocne,n;cTBHH, qepe3 MHoro neT,
KH. qapTOphICKHH BecbMa pe3KO OT3hIBaJlCR 0 JIOH)l,OHCKOH
pa6oTe HoaocHJihQeBa: OH He BbrnonHRJI csoero 3a,llamrn,
OH He OTCTORn HOBhIX H,ZJ;en B crrope c 6pHTaHCKHM npaBH-
TeJihCTBOM, OH ,llIDKe He crropHn 0 HRX c IIITTTOM, a qTO-TO
«e,llBa rrpo6opMOTaJI». Ho 3TO qapTOpbICKHH rrncan Ha
cKJioHe .ll,He:H. B 1805 ro.ny OH roBop1rn cosepmeHHo 1rnoe.
«Tpy,nHO 6bIJIO rum, nyqme CKa3aTh, HeB03MOJKHO 6hIJIO
nyqme RcnonHHTh )l,aHHOe BaM rropyqeHHe», - IIHCaJI OH
HoBocHJihIJ.eBy 4 <PespanSI.
Me)l()ly TeM, rroBTOpRIO, H Hosocnnhnes H qapTophIC-
xH:H 6b1JIH 6eccnopHo YMHbie H R.n;eiiHbie JIIO.ZJ;H. l1x cna-
6oCTh 3aKJIIOqaJiaCb B TOM, qTo KaJK,llhrM H3 HHX Beplln He
B O,llHy, a B )l,Be H,lleH, He COBCeM MeJK.ny co6on COB-
Me111.aBIIll1eCS1. B yrrpomeHHOM H orpy6neHHOM BH)l,e SI :no
Bhime nepe,llan cnosaMR: «Mnp ,lleJio xopomee, Ho oTqero
6bI rrpH cnyqae H He IlOBOeBaTb?» y IlHTTa B 1804 ro.n;y
6hlna TOJihKO O)l,Ha H,ZJ;eR - BOHHa c <I>paHIJ.HeH, - qTo H
co3.n;asano ero orpoMHoe npeRMy111.ecTBO Ha.n; Hosocllnh-
neBhIM.
y HOBOCHnbIJ.eBa B JlOH.ZJ;OHe nponecc nepeMeHbl Ha-
CTpoeHHSI men 6bICTpO. y uapSI B IleTep6ypre OH Me,llJieH-
Hee, o)l,HaKo men. Pa3yMeeTCR, MeHsinach H nom1rnqecxasi
o6cTaHOBKa. no cti:acTnllBOMY Bhipa)l(eHHIO r10ro, Harro-
JieOH OilhSIHHJI HCTOpmo, - B 1804-1805 ro,n;ax OHa
.n;eikTBHTenhHO maTanach KaK IIh.srna.si. B co103e c AHrmr-
eii H ABcTpHeH BOHHa npoTHB <l>paHIJ.HH Ka3anach HM-
nepaTOpy AneKCa.H.llPY 6ecnpoHrpbI11IHbIM ,n;eJIOM. noso-
)l,hl ,n;m1 BOHHhl noSIBJISIJIHCh xaJK)l,hIH .n;eHh. IIpas.na, OHM
6bIJIH HaJIHQO B )l,OCTaTOlJHOM KOJIH'l:eCTBe H npeJK,ne, - B
noso.nax, cnasa Bory, HHKoraa He,nocTaTKa He 6hrnaeT.
147
 KaK 6b1 TO m1 6hrno, HJ nHceM qapTopbICKoro K
HoBocHnhqesy SICHO BH.n:ua nepeMeua neTep6yprcKHX ua-
cTpoeuHii. Bmrnm1e Hernacuoro KOMHTeTa ocna6eno,
OtfeHh ycHnHnOCb .n:asneuHe co CTOpOHbl «CTapopyccKOH
napTHH». qapTOpbICKHH )l(anyeTCSI Ha npOHCKH )l.ep)l(aBH-
ua, KOTOporo ua3bIBaeT «npo~enbffOH», - 3HaMCHHTbIH
Il03T B nonHTHKe He mo6Hn 803BblllleHHblX JaMhICnOB.
CKa)l(eM 6onhIIIeBHCTCKHM SI3bIKOM: «Ko6neuqcKaSI rH.n:pa
IlO,ll;HSIJia roJIOBy».
Co6cTseuuo, Ko6Jieuqa B TY nopy y)l(e ue 6brno. Ou
.n:aBHO paccnoHJICSI. «JIHra .n:ypaKOB H <}>aHaTHKOB», KaK
nHcan B csoe BpeMSI o no.n:nHHHOM Ko6neuqe 3MHrpaHT
Manne .n:e IlaH, tfHCJieHHo otfeHh coKpaTHnacb. «Persuades
que sans les gens d'esprit on n'eut jamais eu de revolution,
ils esperent la renverser avec des imbeciles>>* - 3TH Jnh1e
cnosa 3MHrpauTa, CKa3aHHble B 1796 ro.n:y, BOCeMblO ro.n:a-
MH Il03,ll;Hee y)l(e CTaJIH aHaXpOHH3MOM. <I>pauqyJCKaSI 3MH-
rpaQHSI 6onbllle Ha .n:ypaKOB He CTaBHJia, .n:a H B HeH «.n:ypaKH
H <}>aHaTHKH» He npeo6na.n:anH. CoBpeMeHHhIH HCTOpHK
(.n:aneKO He npaBbIH no B3rm1.n:aM) IlHIIIeT, tfTO tfeTblpe
uaH6oJiee csoeo6pa3Hhie KmfrH KOHQa XVIII H Hatfana XIX
BeKa 6bIJIH uanHCaHhl <}>paHQY3CKHMH 3MHrpaHTaMH. ,lJ;y-
MaIO, tfTO 3Ta OQeHKa npeysenHtfeHHO necTHa. 0.n:HaKO He
CJie.n:yeT OTO)l(,ll;eCTBJISITb BCIO 3MHrpaqmo c «Ko6neuqeM».
rosopIO 3TO, pa3yMeeTCSI, OTHIO)J;b He B KatfeCTBe 3MH-
rpaHTa. 3nononytfHoe cpaBHeHHe HhIHeIIIHeu pyccKoii ~MH­
rpaQHH c <}>paHQY3CKOH npHtfHHHno HaM HeMano Bpe.n:a.
Ilo cy~eCTBy, 3TO COBepIIIeHHO pa3nHtfHbie .srnneHHSI, no-
tfTH BO sceM, HatfHHaSI c tfHCJieHHoro cocTaBa. Ho ecJIH
npH3HaTh 3TO OCHOBHOe nonO)l(eHHe, TO HeT HHKaKOH Ha-
.n:o6HOCTH BCSitfeCKH c y)l(aCOM OTKpe~BaThCSI OT CXO,ll;CT-
Ba B MaJIOM H BTOpOCTeneHHOM, B tfaCTHOCUI, B Tex
CJIYtfaSix, Kor.n:a 3TO CXO,ll;CTBO HMeeT )l(YTKO KOM.lf'leCKHH
xapaKTep. OroptfHT nH «TpeTblO PoccHIO» TO 06cTo.s1TeJ1h-
CTBo, tfTO HCTOpHtfeCKaSI JIHTepaTypa 0 <}>paHI.(Y3CKOH 3MH-
rpaQHH 3HaeT Bhipa)l(emfe «TpeThSI <I>paHQHSI»? Mo)l(eT
6bITh, H He BCeM espa3HHQaM H3BeCTHO, tfTO y HeKOTOpbIX
<}>paHQY3CKHX 3MHrpaHTOB, oco6eHHO pa30tfapoBaBIIIHXCSI
B Jana.n:HoM MHpe, noSIBHJiach «TSira ua BOCTOK»? CaM
)Ko3e<}> .n:e Mecrp c BOCToproM socxsaJISIJI A3HIO, «JeMJIIO
3HTYJHaJMa». Ou .n:a)l(e rosopHJI 06 «aJHaTCKHX Ky3eHax»,
XOTb H He COCTOSin HH B KaKOM pO,ll;CTBe c qHHrHCXaHOM .

• «Y6ell(,!leHHbie B TOM, '!TO 6e3 YMHblX mo.neii peBOJllOQHH He 6blBaeT. OHH

Ha,!ICIOTCll ee Ja,nyIIJHTb c IlOMOlllblO .nypaKOB» (flip.)

148
 Ha ~OJIIO <f>pam~y3c1<Hx 3MHrpaHTOB Be3~e Bhma110
HeMaJIO rope'IH H o6H~. B PoccHH, ~MaIO, o6H.I\ 6b1110
MeHbllle, 'leM B .I\pyrHX CTpaHaX. 0,ZUiaKO DO'ITH B TO
caMoe BpeMSI, KOr,I\a B03HHKJia MhICJih o noe3,I\Ke HoBo-
CHJihQeBa B JlOH,I\OH, rJiaBa HH3BeprHyTOH ,I\HHaCTHH, 6y-
.I\YIQHH 1<opo11h JlIO.I\OBHK XVIII, npocHJI y HMnepaTopa
A11e1<caH,I\pa I pa3perneHHSI yCTpOHTh ceMe:HHo-noJIHTH'lec-
KHH cne3~ Eyp6oHOB B BHJihHe H nony'IHJI pernHTeJihHhIH
OTKa3, COCTaBJieHHhIH B caMbIX cyxHX Bblpa'.)I(eHHSIX: «He
CKpOIO OT Bae, - IlHCaJI HMnepaTop, - 'ITO c~eJiaHHOe
MHOIO BaM H IlOBTOpSleMoe HbIHe npe,l\110'.)I(eHHe noceJIHTb-
CSI B MOeM rocy,I\apCTBe, eCJIH npe6hIBaHHe Barne B ~pyrHX
CTpaHax He MO'.)I(eT MHTbCSI, HMeJIO e,I\HHCTBeHHOH QeJiblO
npe~OCTaBHTh BaM MHpHoe H CDOKOHHOe y6e'.)I(HIQe, -
npH'leM He 6hIJIO 6hI pe'IH 0 ,I\eHCTBHSIX, IlO,I\06HhIX TeM,
KOTOpbie Bbl HaMepeHhl npe,I\npHHSITb». 3To HaUOMHHaeT
Il03HQHIO <f>paHQY3CKHX pa,I\HKaJIOB B OTHOIIleHHH pyccKHX
3MHrpaHTOB. )],a, co6CTBeHHO, TOH OTBeTa OT'laCTH H o6n-
SICHSIJICSI pa.I\HKaJIH3MOM A11e1<caH,I\pa I H eIQe ero JIH'IHOH
aHTHnaTHe:H K Eyp6oHaM. He1<0Topoe He,I\OBepHe K no11H-
TH'lecxo:H ,I\eSITeJihHOCTH 3MHrpaHTOB, «KaK TaKOBbIX», y
QapSI 6hIJIO (3aMe'ly, KCTaTH, 'ITO OHO CJierxa 'IYBCTByeTCSI
H B Tpy,I\ax BeJIHKoro KHSI3SI HHKOJiaSI MHxa:HnoBH'la). Ho,
KaK K JIIO.I\SIM, K HHM (3a HCKJIJO'leHHeM Eyp6oHoB) Anex-
caH.I\P IlaBJIOBH'I OTHOCHJICSI 611arO'.)I(eJiaTeJibHO H Ha CBOIO
CJiy'.)1(6y npHHHMaJI HX OXOTHO . .n:ocTaTO'IHO HaUOMHHTh,
'ITO repQory PHrne11be 6bIJIO npe,I\OCTaBJieHo ynpaBJieHHe
'IYTh JIM He Bce:H IO'.)I(HOH PoccHe:H, - MSI cpaBHeHHSI ( c
pa3HbIMH nonpaBKaMH Ha BpeMSI, o6hI'laH H T • .I\.) npe,I\-
CTaBHM ce6e, 'ITO pycCKHH 3MHrpaHT 6bIJI 6bl Tenepb
Ha3Ha'leH BHOe-xoponeM 11H.I\HH JIH6o reHepaJI-ry6epHa-
TopoM AJI'.)I(Hpa! B neTep6yprc1<0M o6IQecrne <f>paHQY3C-
KHe 3MHrpaHTbl HMeJIH H npe,I\aHHbIX .I\PY3e:H, H HaCTOSl-
IQHX HeHaBHCTHHKOB, - rpa<f> PocTOD'IHH, HanpHMep, nH-
ca11 0 HHX DO'ITH B TaKOM '.)Ke TOHe, B KaKOM «Humanite»
nHrneT o «6e1106aH,I\HTax».
BJIHSIHHe <f>paHQY3CKOH 3MHrpaQHH B IleTep6ypre OT-
qacTH 06nSICHSIJIOCh pO.I\CTBeHHhIMH CBSl3SIMH. CeH-IlpHCT
6bIJI '.)I(eHaT Ha roJIHQhIHOH, JlaH)l(epOH Ha Tpy6eQKOH,
KeHCOHHa Ha 0,I\OeBCKOH, Mo,I\eH Ha CaJITbIKOBOH, oplO'.)I(
Ha roJIOBKHHOH. ,l1;pyro:H npH'IHHOH 6bIJIO TO, 'ITO B Poc-
CHH, xax BO Bcex CTpaHax EBponh1, JMHrpaHTCKHH nnaH
pecTaBpaQHH Eyp6oHoB BCTpe'laJI ,I\eS1TeJihHhIX .I\py3e:H.
ohIJIH H eIQe npH'IHHhI. B,I\o6aBoK <f>paHQY3CKaSI 3MHr-
paQHSI, KaK IlHTT, He HMeJia pa3,I\BOeHHOro C03HaHHSI.

149
 CTas1rna oHa B pa3Hoe speMSI Ha pa3Hhie KapTw; HO O,ZJ;Ha
ee CTaBKa, CTaBKa Ha BOHHY, ocTaBa.nach HeITTMeHHo:H, H ee
cppaRizy3CKM 3MHrpau,HSI Bhrnrpana. He see Be.1J.h TOHeT H
rrpH nOTOIIe.
«Ko6nel1IlcKaS1 rH,D;pa», ponoT pycc1w:H napnrn, BOHH-
CTBeHHoe HacTpoeHHe MOJIO.ll;exm, Ha•11masmeec.S1 pa30-
11apoBaHne u.apS! B H,ZJ;eS1x HernaCHoro KOMHTeTa, Jilflffioe
ero pa3.B;paiKeHFle npoTHB HanoJieoHa, 3axBaT $paH11;y3a-
MH reHyH - Bee 3TO CIIJieJIOCb: noe3,rnca HoBOCHJlhU.eBa B
IlapIUK He COCTmmacb. 0Ha, P33YMeeTCSI, HH'lero H He
H3MeHHJra Ubl. Pa3f'OBOphl 0 n11re Hai:.nlli KOli'UUIHCb,
Ha'Iimanaci. esponeiicKas soiffia. OcTaBaJIOCb T-OJihKO 3a-
1<mo1urri. .n.orosop o OOJ03e Me)K)zy Pocc:ueii 11 AHr.Jmeit
3ry 3a.n.a1IY Hosocnni.u,eB BhIIIOJIHIUJ npeKpaCHo: TYT OH
3Ha.JI TBep.n.o, 'Iero xol:feT, H npH crropax no6e.n.1rreneM
11ame oKa3b1BancS1 OH, 'IeM Ilnrr. CowJ, pa1)'MeeTcS1, 6hlJI
o6MraJieH «Be1iHhIM». TaKoBa Tpa,i:{1n{m1.
B ..norosope (11eTBepTbIH naparpa<}> oco6oii, ceKpeTHOH
CTaTbR) OCTaJICSI H IlOCJie,ZJ;HHH IIHCbMeHHblH CJie,ll Rum
Hal(IIIH 1804 ro.n.a. B 011eH1> TYMaHHoii <PopMe raM roBo-
pnTc.SI, 11To B Espone cne,rzyeT ycTaHOBIITb «iI>e.nepams-
HYIO cHCTeMy, 06ecne11Hsaromyro He3aBHCHMOCTb cna6b1x
rocy.n.apcTB» H T..1J.. 3To SIBHO HHI<Oro HJil K "leMy He
o6K3bIBaJIO - H He o6.SI3aJIO. 0,1J.HaKO HaM Tenepb He
npnxo.n.n:TCSI npOS!BJI.SITb oco6yio CTporocTb. He npn:xo-
.ll.HTCSI H npocTpaHHO H3JiaraTb CMbICJI HCTOpH11eCKOfO
ypoKa 1804 ro.n.a. 3aMbIIIIJISl:Jiacb Jlnra Hau.n"H c sceo6-
lllHM MHpoM 11 c «oxpaHeHHeM Hapo.n.uoii npaBOThI». Bi.1-
mna espone"HcKaSI soiiHa, npo.n.oJl)J(aBmaS1cSI ,nec}ITb neT. R
He yrnepX<.n.aro: «Tax 6brno, Tai< 6y.n.ern. Ho see :>Ke
TPY.1J.HO OTKaJaTh B uer<oropoil: 11oy11HTeJibHOcT11 3TOH
rnane 03 ncTopHH pyccxoro nn:6epaJIH3Ma.
I11арль Пишегрю
 reuepaJI Ilumerpro
F-7

B cepbIX JallbIJieHHbIX xopo6xax Jie)l(aT 11a11xu c 'AeJiaMu.

Mc11ucaHHaSI 6yMara llOKpbITa llOMeTKaMH, UITeM11eJISIMU,
11eqaTSIMU. qUCJIO 11pu6bITUSI, qucno OTllpaBKU, UHOr'Aa
pe30JIIOI.\USI BJiaCTeH Ha llOJISIX. 06bIKHOBeHHbie «BXO'ASl-
w;ue» " «UCXO'ASII..IJ;He», - qTo c Toro, qTo OHM KaK 6bI
11ucaHb1 xpoBbIO? C HeK0Topb1Mu HJ 3THX 6yMar cepuu F-7
TaK UJIU UHaqe CB.SI3aHbl y6uHCTBa, paccTpeJibl, rHJibOTUHa,
llblTKa. 3To llOJIUI.\eHCKUH apxue BpeMeH <l>paHI.\Y3CKOH
peeoJIIOI.\HH. Tpy'AHO 11opa60TaTb J'AeCb MeC.SII.\-'Apyroii -
"He CTaTb Ha BCIO )l(U3Hb MU3aHTp0110M.
Hex0Topb1e «'AOCbe» B 3TOM apxuee Tep11enueo cocTaB-
JISIJIHCb 'AeCSITUJieTU.SIMH. Ho c 11epeoro BJrJI.SI'Aa Ha 'AO-
xyMeHT 110 o6parn;eHUIO " 11puBeTCTBUIO cpa3y BU'AUillb, B
xaxy10 311oxy 11011an. B cepuu ecTb 6yMaru, ocTaBIUuec.SI
ew;e OT 'AOpeeoJIIOI.\HOHHoro cTpo.SI. Tor'Aa Bb1pa)l(aJIHCb
l\BeTncTo: «Et je suis, Monsieur le Marquis, votre tres
humble et tres obeissant serviteur... »· qepe3 HecKOJibKO
JieT Ta )l(e pyxa 11uIUeT: «Salut et fraternite» .. (peBOJIIOI.\H-
oHHb1e yxapu llUCaJIU COKparn;eHHO: «Sal. et frat.» ). Ew;e
'AeCSITHJieTue: «A Sa Majeste Napoleon le Grand ... »...
.[laJibllle qnTaTb He Ha'AO, 6y'AeT 011.SITb: «Et je suis,
Monsieur le Mar9.uis ... » Bee KoHqnJiocb HaIUeii 311oxoii
«cher Monsieur»· • - u cJiaea Bory. Ho 'AOKyMeHTbI
Halllero BpeMeHU 3'AeCb HUKOMY He llOKa3bIBaIOTCSI •••••
MHoro coxpaHHJIOCb OT peeoJIIOI.\HOHHOH 311oxu u IUH-
<i>poeaHHbIX 'AOKyMeHTOB. EcTb TaK)l(e 6yMarn, 1106ype-
BIUUe OT orHSI. JlIO'AH, KOTOpbie ux llUCaJIH, UMeJIU OCHOBa-
HUSI CKpbIBaTb CBOU coo6rn;eHHSI. 11 'Apyrue JIIO'AU UMeJIU

' «0CTaIOCb, rocno,nHH MapKH3, coaepweuuo npe,naHHbIM H nocJiyWHblM aa-

WHM CJiyroli » ( r/)p )
" «fipHBeT H 6paTCTBO» {r/)p ).
"' «Ero BeJIH'leCTBY HanoJieony BeJIHKOMy • » ( rfip )
'"' «'Aoporoli rocno.nnn» ( rfip )
""' HoMep F-7 ornocHTCll KO eceMy apxney <!>pa1111y3cKoli nOJIHllHH K .no-
KyMenTaM nocJie,nnero noJiyCToJieTHll HCCJie,noeaTeJIH coaepwe11110 ne .nonycKa10T-
Cll ApXHB 1830-1870 rr DO'ITH 11eJIHKOM norn6 BO BpeMll napHlKCKOro DOlKapa
3aTO OT BpCMell peBOJllOllHH y11eJieJIH COTllH TblCll'I .!IOKyMeHTOB.

153
OCHOBaHIUI 3THMH coo6rneHHSIMR qpe3Bbl'IaHHO HHTepeco-
Ba TbCSI. 0.rorn 1rncaJIH HeBH)UIMhlMH CHMilaTIPiecKHMH qep-
HHJiaMH, .n:pyrHe rrpOSIBJISIJIH rrepexsa 'l:eHHbie IIRCbMa orHeM.
Ilonanacb MHe narn<:a (6146, N2 7), KOTOpaJI BCSI COCTORT
H3 TaKHX .n:oxyMeHTOB. K Heii :n npJ1KoceyTuca HeB03MO)l(HO:
06o)l()l(eHHaS1 6YMara TaK JI pacchmaeTcSI B pyxax.
Kopo6KH, csS1JaHHhie c HaCTOmr{HM paccKaJOM
(6144-6, 6271-6 H 6391-6405), OTHOCUCSI K oqeHb
Mpa'IHOH Kposason .n:paMe. B HeH HeKOTOpbie CTp~
H3J11eHhI HCTOpHKaMR npeBOCXO,n:HO, .n:pyre:e IlO'ITJI BOBce
He 1nyqeffb1. IlcJ1xonor]iqecKoe JKe ee co.n:ep)l(rurne HaM
ropa3.ZJ:O noHSITHee, qeM cospeMeHHhIM 4>paHizy3aM. B Hae
OHa po)l(.n:aeT BechMa 6JIR3KJle COilOCTaBJieHHSI. Ilpe.n:ocra-
BJISISI HX q1naTeJIS1M, SI no B03MO)l(HOCTH xpaTKO paCCKaJKY
CaMYJO Tpar]iqecKyJO )l(H3Hb peBOJIIOJUIOHHOro BpeMeHH.

I.
Po)UITeJIH illapnS1 IlmnerpJO, KaK JI see ero npe.ZJ;KJI,
6LIJIH He6oraThie xpecTLSIHe. IlpH qbeH-TO no.n:,n:ep:>KKe ero
y.n:anoci. onpe,n:eJIJITh s cpe.n;HJOJO mxony. OH o6Hapy)l(HJI
TaM 60JiblliRe crroco6HOCTH, oco6eHHO K MaTeMaTJl'leCKRM
HayKaM, R, OKOH'l:HB Kypc, nonyq:nn MecTO perreTRTopa B
lipJleHHCKOM BOeHHOM Y'llfJlJIUle, r.n:e B 'IRCJie ero yqe-
HHKOB 6hIJI, npas.n:a oqeHL He,n:onro, HanoneoH EoHanapT.
Orrpe.n:eneHHoro rrpITTBaHHSI Mono.n:oli Ilm.uerp10 B ce6e He
'i)'BCTBOBaJI. Ile.n:arorn11ecxaS1 ,n:eS1TeJibHOCTh ero He co-
6Jia3HSIJia; XOTeJl OH 6hlJIO CTaTh MOHaxOM, HO He CTaJI H
HeOJirn,n:aHHO ,llIDI CBOHX 6JIJl3KHX .n:sa.n:u,arn: JieT OT po.n:y
nomen B con.n:aThl. IIHmerpJO nocTynHJI B apnrnnepmo H
rrpocJIY)l(HJI HH)l(HHM qffHOM ,n:ec.SITb JieT. Ha'laJihCTBO
o'l:eHb ero OTJIH'laJIO, OH xpa6po cpa)J(aJIC.SI B AMepme c
aHrJIHqaHa.MH, HO BbIHTH B oqmu;epbl npH CTapoM CTpoe He
Mor, ue 6y,n:yqM .n:sopSIHHHOM. PesoJIIOJUISI 3acrnna I1H-
rnerp10 cep)l(aHTOM. Qua 011eHb M3MeHHna ero Kaphepy.
OH cTan .n:enaTh To, qTo .n:enaJIH B TY rropy see: BhicTy-
nan mt MMTHHrax, rosopMJI ropSlqRe pe11H. Ha Hero 06-
panum BHHMamie. Ha'flffianacb pesonrou;HOHHaJI soliHa.
liaTaJibOH 6e3aHCOHCKHX .n:o6poBOJibI.J;eB H36pan fllnner-
p10 csoHM xoMaH.n;HpoM. OH Mor HaxoHeu; ce6S1 noxa-
3aTh: qepe3 .n:sa ro.n:a cepxaHT cTaJI JUIBH3ROHHbIM reuepa-
JIOM. EMY 6hmo nopyqeHo KOMaH,n:osamie apMHeli, 3areM
rpyrrnon apMHH. Ilmnerpio men OT no6e,n;hl K no6e.n:e. C
peBOJIIOJUIOHHbIM rrpaBMTeJibCTBOM OH na,n:HJI He;zypHO.
154
 CaM Po6ecnLep ou;emm ero «:QHBH3M», Cee-)l(wcT O'leHL
ero mo6HJI. Ho H c JIIO.IU>MH, KOTOphle oTrrpaBHJIH Po6ec-
IIbepa H Cee-){(Jocra ea 3ma<l>oT, y Il1unerpoo TO:>Ke ycra-
HOBHJIHCL .n;o6pL1e OTHOIIIeem1. He c.rnmucoM eeeaB11,n;eJIH
eFO H B npOTHBOIIOJIO:>KHOM, pO.SIJillCTCKOM narepe. .D;o eac
,[{OIIIJIH, Ka:>ICeTCH, TOJihKO .n;sa yKa3aJUDI (H TO ee oqem.
3JI06HL1e) Ha <nBepCTBa», .SIK06LI COBepmeHHLie IlmnerplO.
113 3Toro o6CTO.SITeJibCTBa IIO"ITH 6e30IIIH60'UIO MO)l(HO
c.n;eJiaTI. BhlBO.[{, 'ITO HHKaKHX 3BepCTB OH He COBeprnaJI: B
npoTHBHOM CJiy'lae, rrpH rrone~mqecKHX epasax rpIDK.n;aHc-
Koii BOHHLI 06m1qemrn BCTpeqaJIHch 61:.r .n;ecnKaMH. ECTI>
H IIpHMbie yKa3a.HH.sl (.[{aiKe co CTOpOHbI Bparos) Ha TO, 'l'FO
Ifarnerp10 BeJI ce6g B noxo,n:ax Ka.IC K}'J11>Type1:.1H: H rrop.sl-
.llO'IHhIH 'leJIOBeK. EMY, eanpHMep, rrpe.n;JiaraJIH ee 6pan B
ruieH aHrJIH'iaH, - OH OTKa3aJICH IIOCJie~oBaTb 3TOMY
npe.n;JIO)l(eHmO. Y eaceJieem1 3aaoesaHHhlx HM JeMem,
IIHIUerp10 TO:JKe OCTa.BRJI .L(06py10 CJiasy.
CeH-)l{rocr, KOTop1:.m npe.[{IIHChIBaJI pesomo:QHOHHLIM
reeepanaM «cnaTL, He pa3,n:esa.slCL», H caM .D:JI.SI npHMepa
IlHTaJICH ea cppOHTe cyxapHMH, O'leHb u;eHHJI crrapTaHCKHH
o6pa3 :>KH3HH IIHII1erpoo. 3Ta on;emca, rro-BH.llHMOMY, ee
,lleJiaeT 'leCTH npoHHu;aTeJibHOCTH peBOJIIOU:HOHHOro KO-
MHccapa. y Hae eCTh CBH,lleTeJibCTBa 0 TOM, 'ITO IIHIIIerplO
He TaK y:>K 6JIHCTaJI cnapTaHCKHMH .n;o6po.[{eTeJI.SIMH. O;:um
H3 ero COCJIYXC:HBu;eB, reeepan TH6o, fOBOpRT c BOCTOp-
fOM, 'ITO Ilmuerp10 BhlnHBaJI 3a cronoM «sans bravade»·
OT llilTHa,[{u;aTH ,[{0 BOceMHa.uu;aTH 6yThlJIOK BRHa, - Ha-
C'leT Toro, CKOJILKO oe Mor BbIIIHTb «avec bravade»",
OCTaeTC.sl TOJibKO ,[{eJiaTb npe,[{IIOJIO:JKeHH.SI. Qqeeb mo6HJI
reeepan H lKemu;RH. 0 MHOfHX ,llaMax TOfO BpeMeHH B
pa3m.rx MeMYapax ynoMHHaeTc.s1: «61:.ma, no c.rryxaM, mo-
6osHHu;eii Ilnmerp10». 0.[{He 11ccne.n:osaTeJib OTKOIIaJI
,n:alKe ra3eTHoe 06'b.S1BJieeHe, npH noMOiu;H KOToporo
rJiaBHOKOMaJl.llYIOI:QHii: IIO.D:bICKHBaJI ce6e rro.upyr «B 803-
pacre OT IlllTIIa.zmaTH .n:o ,n:sa;:maTH JleT». reeepaJI Cee-
CHp ynoMHeaeT o «honteuses debauches de Pichegru>> •••.
CaM fIHIIIerpoo KaK-TO B OTBeT ea aorrpoc, .llJlj[ qero JilO.[{H
BOIOJ?T, .<J!~oco<l>cm cKaJan: «Pour les delices de
coqumer»
CrrapTaen;eM Ilmnerpoo, KOHe'IHO, ee 6wJI, o,n:eaKo
OTHIO.llb ee ,n:oJDKHO npe.n:craBJIHTb ce6e ero 6yiiHhlM KYTH-

• «6e:J 6paBli,llbD> ( <fip )

•• «C 6pasa.aoii», Ha ny6JIHKy ( <fip )
- «IIOCTLl.llBble BblXO.llKll nHwerplO» ( <jjp.)
··- «,l(rui y.aosoJlhCTBHii IlJl}"TOBCTBa» ( <fip).

155
JlOH, secenhqaKOM HJ1H nbRHHQeH. 3TO 6b!J1 qeJJOBeK oqeub
c.n:ep:>I<aHHbIH, XOJ10.ll:HbIH H 3aMKHYTbIH. 0TJ1Hqasicb npH-
po,n:HbIM YMOM, OH BbI,n:eJJRJlCR cpe,n:H CBOHX COCJlY)l(HBQeB
H 06pa3osautteM. Ou Mnoro qttTan, B oco6euuocTH, Koneq-
uo, .n:peBHHX KJlaCCHKOB: :no Tor.n:a 6b!J10 TaK )l(e o6si3aTeJ1b-
HO, KaK, uanpttMep, Tenepb qttTaTb IlpycTa HJJH y nac
Kor,n:a-To «qTO .n:enaTb?».
0 BOeHHbIX TaJlaHTax IlmnerpIO HeKOTOpbie H3 ero
CBepCTHHKOB (H KOHKypeHTOB) OT3bIBaJIHCb .ll:OBOJibHO npe-
ue6pe)l(HTeJibHO. Ho ecJIH 6hl o Bhl,n:aIOW.HXCR JIIO,n:six cy-
.ll:HTb no TOMy, qTO 0 HHX rOBOpHJIH HX CBepCTHHKH H
KOHKypeHThI!.. HanpoTHB, HanoneoH, KOToporo oqeHb
Tpy,n:Ho 3ano,n:o3pHTb B CHMnaTHRX K IlmnerpIO, cTaBHJI
ero qpe3Bb1qail:Ho BbICOKO: no-BH.ll:HMOMy, KaK TaKTHK, OH
6b1JI npe.n:rnecTBeHHHKOM EoHanapTa. Qqenh QeHHJIH IlH-
rnerpIO H B aHrJIHHCKOH, H B pyccKOH, H B aBCTpHHCKOH
apMHRX. He no,n:Jie)l(HT coMHeHHIO, qTo OH 6hrn qenoBeK
HCKJIJOqHTeJibHO xpa6pbIH, - xpa6poCTb CBOIO OH ,n:oKa3aJI
BCeil: )l(H3Hbl0. ,lJ;o6aBJIIO, qTo IlttrnerpIO 6bIJI aTJieTHqec-
KOro TeJIOCJIO)l(eHHR H o6na.n:an orpOMHOH <)H13HqecKOH
CHJIOil:; 3TO OH TaK)l(e ,n:oKa3aJI B CBOH pOKOBOH ,n:eHb.
Ha BeprnHHbI cnaBbI no,n:Hsina IlttrnerpIO KaMnaHHR
1794--1795 ro,n:oB. B TeqeHtte uecKOJibKHx MecsiQeB OH
3aBoeBaJI ronnaH,n:HIO, 3aHRJI YTpexT H AMCTep,n:aM H -
qTo Bcero 3cl>cl>eKTHee - 3aBna.n:en ronnaH,n:CKHM cl>noToM:
B 3TOT ro.n: CTORJia oqeHb XOJIO,n:HaR 3HMa, peKH H KaHaJibl
3aMep3JIH, 3aMep3 H 3aJIHB 3eil:.n:ep-3e, B KOTOpOM 3aCTpR-
Jia ronnaH,n:cKasi 3CKa,n:pa, co6ttpaBinasicsi nepe.n: npH6JIH-
)l(eHtteM HenpHRTeJIR yil:TH B AHrJIHIO. no npHKa3y IlH-
rnerpIO BbICJiaHHaR Bnepe.n: KaBanepHHCKaR ,n:HBH3HR B KOH-
HOM CTpOIO no Jlb.ll:Y aTaKoBaJia HenpHRTeJibCKYJO 3CKa,n:py
H 3aCTaBHJia ee c,n:aTbC.sI. 3To, BepORTHO, e,n:HHCTBeHHbIH
cnyqail: B BOeHHOH HCTOpHH, Kor.n:a cl>noT 6bIJI B3RT B nJieH
KaBanepHHCKOH aTaKOH. IlHrnerpIO CTaJI nonynsipHeHIIIHM
H3 cl>pam1,y3cKHX reHepanoB. KoHBeHT ocblnan noxBanaMH
no6e,n:oHocuoro nonKoBo,n:Qa. Ha3bIBaJIH ero H repoeM, H
pHMJI.sIHHHOM, H cnaCHTeJieM OTeqecTBa.

II.
B TY nopy 6pttTancKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO yJKe nnoxo
BepHJIO B B03M0)1(HOCTb BOeHHOH no6e,n:bl Ha,n: <l>paHQHeil:.
B 6opb6e c peBOJIIOQHOHHbIMH Boil:cKaMH COI03Hasi Koa-
JIHQHR Tepnena uey,n:aqy 3a Hey,n:aqeil:. <l>paHQY3CKHH Ha-

156
po~, npas~a, niroTHJICH BOMHOM. Ho He MeHee THrOTHJICH
e10 H Hapo~ aHrJIHMCKHM. B JloH~oHe rnyMHhie ~eMoH­
CTpal.\HH rnJIH no~ Jio3yHroM «)J;onoii soiiHy! .LJ;onoii IlHT-
Ta!» ..• EpHTaHCKHH npeMhep He Mor noKa3aThCH Ha yJIHL\Y.
B OKTH6pe 1795 ro~a npH OTKpblTHH napJiaMeHTa 6bIJI
OCBHCTaH TOJIIlOIO caM KOpOJih - cnyqaii B AHrJIHH
BeChMa He06hlKHOBeHHhIH. IlHTT Bee qame no~yMhIBaJI 0
coniarneHHH c «6onee 6naropa3yMHOH qacThIO pa36oii-
HHKOB». M eMy, KaK H ero TOBapHmaM no Ka6HHeTy, BCe
HCHee CTaHOBHJiaCb Heo6xo~HMOCTh TOH TaKTHKH, KOTO-
py10 CTapHqoK KOJIJie)l(CKHH COBeTHHK B «KanHTaHCKOH
~oqKe» Bbipa)l(aeT CJIOBaMH: «He ~OJI)l(HO ~eHCTBOBaTh HH
Hacry1mTeJihHO, HH o6opoHHTeJihHO. Barne IlpeBocxo~H­
TeJihCTBO, ~BHraiiTeCh no~KynaTeJibHO».
3To 6hIJia, BnpoqeM, H3~aBHa JII06HMaH TaKTHKa IlHT-
Ta. nepBbIH MHHHCTp BeJIHK06pHTaHHH BepHJI B oqeHh
HeMHoroe. Ho B ~eHhrH OH BepHJI TBep~o. CooTBeTCTBeH-
HO BJIHHJIH Ha IlHTTa H HeKOTOphie <J?paHL\Y3CKHe 3MHrpaH-
Thl, qaCTo npeMaraBlllHe no~KynHTh TO HJIH ~pyroe JIHl_\O.
0,nHH H3 3MHrpaHTOB n03.l(Hee npeMaraJI no,nKynHTh ca-
MOro OOHanapTa - H npHTOM no CXO~HOH l_\eHe: BCero 3a
240 JIHBpoB. M 6pHTaHCKoe npaBHTeJihcrno, H 6y~ymnif:
Koponh JI10,noBHK XVIII, H KOMaH,ny10mHii apMHeii 3MHr-
paHTOB npHHL\ KoH~e oqeHh BHHMaTeJibHO OTHOCHJIHCh K
TaKOH HH<)?opMal_\HH. )J;JIH HHX BeCHOIO 1795 ro~a OKa3a-
JIOCh He06hIKHOBeHHO npHHTHhIM c10pnpH30M c~eJiaHHOe
HM areHTaMH B rny6oKoif: Taif:He nopa3HTeJihHOe coo6me-
HHe 0 TOM, qTo rJiaBHOKOMaH~y10mnii peHHCKOH H M0-
3eJihCKOH apMHHMH, 3aBOeBaTeJib roJIJiaH~HH, 3HaMeHH-
ThIH reHepan IlHrnerpIO oqeHh He~OBOJieH peBOJIIOl_\HeH H
qTo c HHM MO)l(HO norOBOpHTh.
Coo6meHHe 3TO 6hIJIO BepHo.

III.
CoapeMeHHHKH H HCTOpHKH He pa3 3a~asaJIHCh aon-
pocoM, KaKHe HMeHHO npHqHHhl no6y,nHJIH reHepana IlH-
rnerpIO BCTynHTh B TaHHhie cHorneHHH c Byp6oHaMH, c
6pHTaHCKHM npaBHTeJibCTBOM H c COI03HOH KOaJIHl_\HeH.
YKa3hIBaJIOCh, HanpHMep, Ha TO, qTo peBOJIIOL\HOHHhie
BJiaCTH KaK pa3 o60lllJIH reHepana B .nene, CBH3aHHOM co
cJiy)l(e6HhIM IIpOH3BO~CTBOM: BMeCTO Hero Ha .l(OJI)l(HOCTh
HHCTieKTOpa apTHJIJiepHH 6hlJIO Ha3HaqeHO .npyroe JIHL\O.

157
 CeH-CHp yreep~eT, 'ITO rna.BHOKOMaHJJ:YJOID;HH peillic-
KOH apMHeif rrpoCTo rrpo.uancg Ja .ueHhrn:, HY:JKHble eMy JJ:llil
pa3spaTHoii :JKM3HH. MCTopHKH-p0511IlfCThI, Harrponrn,
npe;::i:nonara.rm: a TimnerpIO HCKpeHHJOIO CHMIIanuo K cTa-
poMy CTpmo HK rrpmn~y KoH.ue, KOTOpbIH Kor.ua-TO Jlll'IHO
rrpmoeen ero B cep)l(aHThl. Bee :no JJ:OBOJILHO Henpae-
JJ:Ono.uo6Ho. IlpM CTapoM CTpoe IlHIIIerpro BblCJiyxrn:JIC51 lf3
pHJJ:OBhIX e cep:m:aHThI 3a .uecan neT. Peeomon;Msi B JJ:Ba
ro.ua c.uenana ero M3 cep)l(aHTOB rnaBHOKOMaHJJ:yrolIJ;IIM.
IlpH Ta.KHX yc110BHHX oqeHh TPYJJ:HO 061,.sicHHTh rrepexo.u
qeCTOJIJOfomoro rroJIKOBOJJ:n;a Ha cropoffY Byp6oHoB o6M-
.uoii Ja He,ll;OCTaTOK BHHMaHH51 co CTOpOHbl peBOJilOlUfOH-
HhIX BJiaCTeH HJIH oco6eHHOH ero 6naro.uapHOCTblO npmnzy
KoHJJ:e 3a noX<anoeaHHe cep)l(aHTCKoro q1rna. He TaK npo-
cro o6'hHCHHTh .ueiiCTBH51 reHepa.rra H KOpbICTLIO. TimnerpIO
HeJib3H Ha3BaTb 6ec'lecTHhIM qenoeeKOM. He 6blJI OH H
:JKa,l{eH K .ueHbraM, JJ:a H, HaKOHen;, B ero IIOJIO:JKeHHH rrpH
CTOJib pacrrpoCTpaHeHHOM TOf.[{a B3RTOqHHtfeCTBe H Ka3-
HOKpa,n:CTBe OH, KOHeqHo, HMe11 6onee rrpoCTble H 6e3orrac-
Hb1e crroco6h1 HaX<HBbI, tfeM nonyqeHMe ,[{eHer OT aHrJrnqaH.
Mb1 3HaeM TaKJKe, 'ITO II03.[{t1ee Ilmnerp1-0 OTKa3aJICH OT
MHJIJIHOHa mrnpoe, KOTOpble 6pHTaHCKlfii areHT npoc1rn ero
rrpHH51Tb B 6ecKOHTpOJibHOe pacrropSI:JKeHHe «.[{JUI .[(eJia» •.
MHe KaX<eTCH, rnaBHOKOMaHJJ:YIOII(lfii 6hIJI rrpocro yeepeH
e Henpo'IHOCTH peeoJIJOD;HOHHoro CTpOH. CaM OH 6hlJI
CTOpOHHHKOM KOHCTHTYD;MOHHOH MOHapx1rn.
AreHT rrpMHn;a KoHJJ:e <I>om-Bopenh B ceonx eocrroMH-
HaHHHX no.upo6Ho OIIHCbIBaer, KaK OH B a.BryCTe 1795
ro.[{a .SlBMJIC.Sl K TimnerpIO c nepBhIMH rrpe.[{Jlo:JKeHH51Mlf
Eyp60HOB. reHepa.rr HaXO,ll;HJICH B 3aMKe bJIOTD;reHM y
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BopeJib yxHTpMJIC51 rrpomnrnyTb K HeMy no.[{ BH.[{OM rro-
CTaBII(HKa rnaMrraHCKOfO. ,ll;eJio 6bIJIO BeChMa pHCKOBaH-
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KOM, TO o rcaKoli-To HeHJJJ:aHHOH pyKorrHCH ){(aHa ){(area
Pycco, c KOTOpoii: OH XOTeJI 6bl II03HaKOMMTb rpa)l(JJ:aHHHa
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HHeM. «PyKorr:ach Pycco? JI He 3Ha.rr, qTo ecTb e1n;e HeH3-
JJ:aHHhie pyKorrncM Pycco ... HaJJ:o rrocMoTperb .•. JI Pycco
IIpHHHMaIO He n;eJIHKOM ... » <I>om-BopeJib HaKoHen; co-
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pyKoIIHCH Pycco, y Hero eCTb e1D;e ea:JKHoe nopyqemie K

• B MOMeHT apecra y aero HH'!ero He 6hll!O, KpOMe .llOJll'a B 600 lj>paHKOB

158
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KoH.ZJ.e!!!»
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HanpoTHB, OH oqeHh BHHMaTeJihHO ero BhICJiymaJI. Ha-
rpa.ZJ.hI, Bb1pa60TaHHb1e npHHll,eM, 6hIJIH co6na3HHTeJihHhI.
KoH.ZJ.e HMeHeM 1wpom1 o6el.lJ,an reHepany qHH Maprnana
<:l>pattll,HH, MHJIJIHOH HaJIHqHblMH ,n;eHbraMH, CTO ThICSl'I
rO.ZJ.OBOH peHTbl H T . .ZJ.. 3a 3TO f!HrnerpIO .ZJ.OJIX<eH 6hIJI
npOB03r.JiaCHTb MOHapxHIO, 3aKJIIOqHTb nepeMHpHe c aB-
CTpHHU,aMH, C,ZJ.aTh RM B 3aJior Ba:>KH)'IO xpenoCTb H .ZJ.BH-
ffYTb apMmo Ha IlapmK. «Rien que ~a?» - cnpocHJI B
rrepByIO ceKyH.ZJ.Y r.JJaBHOKOMaH,ZJ.yIOilJ,HH. 0.ZJ.HaKO Bhipa>Ke-
HHe HpOHHH c ero CTOpOHhl 3THM H orpaHHqHJIOCb. l:Iepe3
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mISI: «Z IIOJiyqHJI 6yMarH x
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npe,n;yBe.ZJ.OMHT 06 3TOM X»... .
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pe11HcL1Ba.rrcsi c KoH.ZJ.e npH noMollJ,H rnmpposaHHhIX JaIIH-
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,n;eJIOM, IlHrnerplO Ha3bIBaeTCSI «EaTHCT» HJIH «JJ:JeT»,
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«DOBeCTH apMHIO Ha IlapH>K». EI.lJ,e Ha,n;o 6bIJIO 3HaTh,
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• <ill TOJILICO·TO'?» (rjjp.)

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6L1JI noeemee) B o'lem. 3ara,no11nwx ycnoeeRX B 1830 ro,!J.Y. nocne ero cMepTH
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repuory 0MaJILCICOMy, CLlllY JlroAOBHICa cl>HJIBllDa B Beytey 4>RJIHlllla 3raneTe.
Bonc:H cy11:e6 RMYfilCCTBO rnaBeoro 3BmHTHHKa MOHapXBH AOC'raJIOCL BHYKY Qape-
y6uHI.tLI! B 3aMICe 3TOM Raxo11:11Tcx apxeeLI npuuua Ko11.11e, KOMa11.11oeaemero
3MHrpauTCKoii apMueii. KoecepeaTop :JaMKa, r. Maicoe, mo6e:JHo pa:tpemen MHe
03HBKOMHTLC.R c apxHBOM. li)'Marn, OTHOCllIIl,HCCll IC ACJIY Iluwerpio, nepenneTCHLI
B ABa TOJICTLIX TOMB (33 H 34).
·- Ha OAHOM H3 IIRCCM Ilemerp!O IC npHHIIY (T. 34, AOK. 8, JDICT 46) 'ILCH-TO
pyKoii (-011:eaico ne PYICOii caMoro KoHD.e) c.11enaua noMeTu B lno6Ro-upouu'lecKOM
TORe: «OT 3Toro o6oJKaeMoro ,!J,len>.

159
CTOHHHO BhICKa3hIBaJICH B 3aI.QHTY KOHCTHTYQHOHHhIX npHH-
QHIIOB 11 JK)l;aJI «3BOJIIOQHH 061.QeCTBeHHoro MHeHHH». B
CBH3H c 3THMH HaCTpoeHHHMH OH no)l;yMhIBaJI H 0 TOM,
qT06h1 yiiTH OT BoeHHon )l;eHTeJihHOCTH: OH xoTeJI nonaCTh
B CoBeT IlHTHCOT H HCnOJih30BaTh CBOIO nonyJIHpHOCTh
MH 6onee HJIH MeHee MHpHoro, noqTH «napnaMeHTCKoro»
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)l;OJIJKeH 6hIJI O)l;HHaKOBO onacaTbCH H no6e)l; H nopaJKeHHH:
no6e)l;a yKpen11na 6b1 nonoJKeHHe npaBHTeJihCTBa, nopaJKe-
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)l;eHTeJihHOCTh Ilmnerpio BhI3hIBaJia Bee 6oJihIIIee Hey)l;o-
BOJihCTBHe ,ll;HpeKTOpHH. OH 6hIJI, HaKoHeQ, c noqeTOM 11
KOMnJIHMeHTaMH OTCTaBJieH OT )l;OJIJKHOCTH rJiaBHOKOMaH-
)l;yIOI.Qero. CHoIIIeHHH ero c Eyp6oHaMH npo,ll;OJIJKaJIHCh.
BcKope I111IIIerp10 ,ll;encTBHTeJihHO npornen B CoBeT IlHTH-
coT, KOTOpbIH noqTH e)l;HHOrJiaCHO H36paJI ero CBOHM
npe,ll;Ce,ll;aTeJieM. BoKpyr nonynHpHoro reHepana crpynnH-
poBanach npaBa.SI onnoJHQH.SI npaBHTeJihCTBy. JleBhie qne-
HhI ,[(HpeKTOpHH BO rnaBe c EappacoM JK)l;aJIH cnyqa.si M.SI
Toro, qTo6hl cBepHyTh eMy IIIeIO. BnpoqeM, B 3TOH TeMHOH
Hrpe BCe KapTbl 6hIJIH cnyTaHbl. Jl11qHbie aHTHriaTHH, JIHq-
HaH HeHaBHCTh, BOJI.SI cnyqa.si, 6e3hI)l;eUHa.SI 6opb6a Ja
BJiaCTh 6hIJIH CHJihHee IlOJIHTHqecKHX paCXOJK)l;eHHU.

IV.
EnecTHI.QaH, pa3hirpaHHa.si KaK no HOTaM HTaJih.SIHCKa.si
KaMnaHHH Bhl)l;BHHyJia HOBOro qeJIOBeKa: HM.SI reHepaJia
EoHanapTa npoHecnoch no BCeMy MHpy, conepHHqaH B
cnaBe c HMeHeM II11rnerp10 11 ,ll;aJKe ero JaTMeBaH.
B Mae 1797 ro)l;a <PpaHQY3CKHe BOHCKa no)l;OIIIJIH K
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Pocc1110 no HanpaBJieHHIO Ha TpHecT.
B cocTaB MHCCHH Mop,ll;BHHOBa BXO)l;HJI <PpaHeyJcKHH
3MHrpaHT rpalfl )];' AHTper. 3TOT qeJioBeK Chirpan B HC-
TOpHH Pocc1111 HeKoTopyio, eI.Qe Mano 113yqeHHYIO ponh ••

• 011 U03l(Hee l!MeJJ, 11anp11Mep, OTHOWCHHC K pacKpbITHIO 3aroeopa, KOTOpbiil

6yATO 6bl UOl(rOTOBJJllJI npOTHB HMDepaTopa AneKcaanpa I HaXOl(HBWHiiCll B
onane 3HaMeHHTLiii rpacj> IT. A. Ilanea.

160
 3a HeCKOJibKO JieT .no Toro OH HMeJI B03MO)l(HOCTb OKaJaTb
ycnyry pycCKHM BJiaCTRM. <I>pam~y3CKOe peBOJil-OQHOHHOe
rrpaBHTeJibCTBO xoTeno opraHHJOBaTb Hosy1-0 rryraqesrnH-
HY B PoccHH. KaKHM-TO o6pa30M 3TOT rrpoeKT cTaJI HJBe-
cTeH .n' AHTpery. OH He JaMe,nJIHJI coo6rnHTh o HeM B
TieTep6ypr. B Harpa.ny rpa<fl )Kenan rronyqHTh «To, qTo
,nal-OT rocy,napH crraCHTeJIRM CBOeH CTpaHbI», - rropTpeT
HMrrepaTpHQhI ExaTepHHhI. 0,nHaKo pyccxoe rrpaBHTeJibCT-
BO, IIO-BH.[{HMOMy, 3HaqHTeJibHO CKpOMHee pacneHHJIO
ycnyrn rpa<fla. HHKaxoro rropTpeTa OH He rronyqHJI, HO
HeCKOJibKO II03.[{Hee 6bIJI rrpHHRT Ha pyccxy1-0 CJiy)l(6y H
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Mop,nBHHOBe 6hma, co6cTBeHHO, <fJHKTHBHoli; sepoRTHO,
OHa CBO.[{HJiaCb K rronyqeHHl-0 )l(aJIOBaHbR: B ,neHCTBHTeJib-
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pe3yJihTaTe CTeqeHHR o6CTORTeJihCTB, 0 KOTOpOM R 3,[{eCb
paccKaJhIBaTh He 6y,ny, B rropT<flene rpa<fla xpaHHJiacb
6yMara, rro.npo6HO HJJiarasrnaR BCl-0 HCTOpHl-0 CHOilleHHH
reHepana TIHrnerp1-0 c rrpHHQeM KoH,ne. PaccqHTbIBaR Ha
CBOl-0 .[{HIIJIOMaTHqecxy1-0 HerrpHKOCHOBeHHOCTb, rpa<P
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c pyccxoif MHCCHeli HJ BeHeQHH, He YHHqTO)l(HJI 3Toro
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ne,ncTBHH ll1Be.[{CKHH KOpOJib Kapn XIV. no ero rrpHKaJy
pyccKaR MHCCHR 6bma B TpHecTe Ja,nep)l(aHa. Mop,nBHHOB
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OTrrpaBJieH B rnaBHYI-O KBapTHPY reHepana bOHarrapTa.
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pa3Be,nxa paccqHTbIBaJia TaM HaHTH HMeHa KaKHX-JIH6o
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c KoH,ne! Timnerp1-0 rronyqaeT ,neHhrn OT AHrnHH!
reHepan bOHarrapT, KaK rroqTH BCe IIOJIKOBO.[{Qbl TOrO
speMeHH, HeHaBH,nen H npe3Hpan npaBHTeJibCTBO. M,neR
soeHHoro nepesopoTa ero caMoro H Tor.na, Ha.no ,nyMaTh,
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6-5317
161
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npe,n:nMCbIBaJI KOMaH,n:y10meMy apMMeii: HeMe,n:11eHHO .n:o-
HeCTM B IlapM:>K 0 3aMhICJiax IlMIIIerpIO. EcTb BCe OCHOBa-
HMH .n;yMaTh, 'IJ:TO 3TOT ,n:o11r He Ka3aJICH oco6eHHO THrOCT-
HbIM reHepa11y lioHanapTy: IlMIIIerpIO 6bm rnaBHhIM ero
conepHMKOM. ,[(o .n:'AHTp\!ra Hano11e0Hy, pa3yMeeTCH, He
6hIJIO HM MaJieHIIIero ,n:eJia. rpacpy 6bIJia o6emaHa :>KM3Hb •.
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pa11a lioHanapTa oTnpaBMJICH B IlapH:>K c ,n:oKyMeHTOM,
y11uqa10mMM IlMIIIerpIO.
3TO 6hIJIO MMeHHO TO, qero He XBaTaJIO liappacy.
lioHanapT npncb111a11 ,[(MpeinopMM M3 11.TaJIHM 3HaMeHa,
,n:eHhrFI, cTaTyH, KapTHHhI. Ho TaKoro no,n:apKa OH em;e
HHKOr,n:a He ,n:e11a11: 6yMara .n:' AHTpera 6bIJia JIY'lIIIe BCHKHX
Pacpa311eu. Tenepb ycnex ,n:e11a Mor C'llliTaThCH o6ecneqeH-
HhIM. BoHHCKaH CMJia 6hma no,n:roTOBJieHa, r11aBHhIM o6-
pa3oM, npM co,n:eii:cTBMM Toro :>Ke lioHanapTa. IlepeBopoT,
H3BeCTHbIH B HCTOpHM no.n; HMeHeM 18 cppIOKTH,n:opa,
npoIIIeJI BeChMa r11a,n:Ko. Ha Bcex CT0116ax IlapH:>Ka noHBM-
nacb acpnIIIa, H3naraBIIIaH H3MeHy Timnerp10, - B Hen
6bIJIO Bee: H 'IJ:HH MapIIIaJia, H MMJIJIHOH, ll ro.n;oBaH peHTa
ll T. ,n:. 0,n:HOBpeMeHHO caM reHepaJI 6bIJI apeCTOBaH B
TJOliJibpH.
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KO, He peIIIHJIOCb Ka3HHTb 3aBOeBaTemI foJIJiaH,ZJ;HH: Be-
pOHTHO, ero HMH Bee :>Ke IlOJib30BaJIOCb CJIHIIIKOM 60Jib-
IIIOH nony11HpHOCThIO B apMHH. Ho 6hm H ,n:pyrou cno-
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HY B Te BpeMeHa c IlOJIHbIM OCHOBaHHeM C'IJ::HTaJiaCh IlO'IJ:-
TH paBH03Ha'IJ:HOH Ka3HH - ee TaK H Ha3bIBaJIH «cyxou
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AMepHKy. J13 3Toro HH'lero He BhIIIIJIO. B y:>KaCHhIX ycno-
BHHX IlHIIIerpIO 6hIJI nepeBe3eH B CHHHaMapH.

• EMy .neiiCTBHTeJibHO 6bIJI CKOpo ycTpoeu «no6ern.

162
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Ta, B rpoMa)J,HOM 60JiblllMHCTBe CJiy'laeB CTaHOBHJIHCb
)J,06bI'leH )J,MKMX 3Bepeu, y)J.aBOB, a qame ecero CTpaIIIHbIX
fBMaHCKMX HaceKOMbIX, KOTOpble MaccaMM o6nenJijjJilf 6e-
rneQOB H C'be)::(aJIH MX 3a)l(H80. ,ll;pyme, M36ttpaBIIIMe 6yp-
HbIH MOpCKOH nyTb, TO)l(e o6hI'IHO r116nw: BOJIHbl HeM3-
MeHHO onpOKM.l{bIBaJIM caMO)J,eJlbHbie JIO)J,KH, H 6erJleQbl
.[(OCTaBaJIMCb aKynaM, KOTOpbIMH KHIIIHT Mope B :non
6narOCJIOBeHHOH CTpaHe.
Ilocne Henpo.o;oJI)l(HTeJihHoro 3HaKOMCTBa c CHHHaMa-
pH Iluwerp10 npMHjjJI TBep)J.oe peweuwe 6e)l(aTh. Ou TaK
If fOBOpHJl: «Jlyqrue aKyJihI, 'leM Me)J,JieHHajj CMepTb
3)],eCb».
Cnyqau cxopo npe.llCTaBHJICjj. KaneHHCKHH xopcap 3a-
xBaTMJI B nneH H npHBen B CHHHaMapH cy)J.HO c 40 TbIC.
6yThIJIOK BHHa. MecTHhie BJlacn1 nepenHJIHCb. 3Ty HO'lb
Ha)J,O 6brno HCnOJib30BaTb. I1Hwerp10 y6wn qacoBoro, 3a-
BJia)J,eJI KaKOH-TO )l(aJIKOH nHporou If BMeCTe c HeCKOJib-
KHMH TOBapHmaMM no CCbIJIKe nonJlblJI B.[(OJlb 6epera no
uanpaeneuw10 K CypHHaMy. AxynhI cTa)J,aMH nnhIJIH cne-
.LtOM 3a HHMM.
EerneQhI DJlbIJIH )J,onro, .o;HeM M HO'lhID, BhI'lepnbIBajj
wanKaMH BO.llY M3 .[(blpjjBOH DHporM If OT6MBajjCb OT
Hana.naBwHx ua nwpory axyn. CypHHaM y)l(e )J,OJI)l(eH 6bIJI
6bITb He)J,aJieKO, KOf)J,a CJIY'IHJIOCb TO, 'ITO o6hI'IHO cnyqa-
JIOCb: no)J,HjjJiacb 6ypjj, Hx Bb16pocHno ua 6eper, nupora
pa36Hnach, )l(aJIKHe npHnaChI HC'le3JIM. 11.lJ.TH )J,aJibIIIe no
6epery y 6erJleQOB He XBaTaJIO CHJI. 0HH 3a)l(fJIH OfOHb.
B TY )Ke ceKyH.lJ.Y MX o6nenHJlM uaceKOMbie. IlporuJla

• Ilo D.aHHblM T3Ha, H3 COCJiaHH~ B KaiieHHY Ha cyn.He «6aiiOHH33» 120

'!eJIOBelC '!epe3 ron. H D.OOllTb MecJll(eB OCTa8aJICll B llCHBblX OD.RH! T3H, OD.HaKO,
uecKoJit.Ko crymaeT KpacICH. To'luble umj>pbl MOllCHO HaiiTH y B. Il&epa.

163
y:>KacHasi: HO'lh. Ha paccBeTe OHH yBH,n:enH rne,n:urnif B.D:OJih
6epera Kopa6nh. lfa nocne,n:HHX CHJI OHH 3aMeTaJIHCh no
6epery. Kopa6Jib npornen MHMO, He 3aMeTHB HX OT'laSIH-
HhIX cHrHanoB. Ilpon:ecc Me,D:JieHnoro yMHpaHHSI Bo3o6-
HOBHJicsi:. B,n:pyr OHH yBH,n:enH npoxo,n:HBilIHX con,n:aT, nH-
pory Bh16pocHno Ha 6eper B6JIH3H ronnan,n:cKoro <PopTa ...
3To Morno 6h1Th cnacenHeM. Ho 3TO Morno 03HalfaTh
H rH6enb. y 6ernen:oB He 6bIJIO HHKaKOH yBepeHHOCTH, 'ITO
HX ne cxBarnT H ne BepHyT B CHHHaMapH. Cy,n:h6a noTe-
rnanacb na,n: IlHrnerpJO' HMeHHO 6naro,n:apsi: ero no6e,n:aM
ronJiaH,D:HSI HaXO,D:HJiaCb B IlOJIHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH OT cl>paH-
U:Y3CKOrO npaBHTeJihCTBa. OH paccKa3an npHroTOBJieHHYJO
3apaHee CKa3Ky: OHH, 6e,n:Hhle KaiieHHCKHe KYDU:hl, IlJibIJIH c
TOBapaMH B CypHHaM, noTepnenH xpyrneHHe, HX TOBaphI
norH6JIH... B nonyronoM, He eBrneM 5 ,n:neif, crparnHo
pacnyxrneM OT yxycoB qenoBexe Tpy,n:Ho 6b1no Y3HaTh
3HaMeHHTOro IlOJIKOBO,n:n:a. 0,n:HaKO ronnaH,D:CKHH o<PHn:ep
CKOpO IlOHSIJI, KaKOH nepe,n: HHM 6e,n:HhIH KaHeHHCKHH Ky-
nen:: cchmKa IlHrnerpJO na,n:enana MHoro rnyMa B MHpe.
OnacenHsi: 6ernen:oB oKa3aJIHCh HeocnoBaTeJihHhIMH.
ronJiaH,D:U:hl He JIJ06SIT BhI,D:aBaTb JIJO,D:eH, HIU:)'IUHX y HHX
y6e:>KHI.Ua, - OHH 3TO ,D:OKa3aJIH Ha OlfeHh MHOrHX npHMe-
pax: OT MapaHoB • XVI BeKa ,n:o HMnepaTopa BHJihrenh-
Ma II. K TOMY :>Ke IlHrnerpJO ocTaBHJI ,n:o6poe HMSI B
HH,n:epnaH,L\ax. HecMoTpsi: Ha cBoe Tpy,n:Hoe nono:>KeHHe,
cypHHaMCKHe BJiaCTH, npH6erasi: K pa3HhIM XHTpOCTSIM,
c,n:enanH Bee ,n:nsi: Toro, 'IT06h1 cnacTH 6ernen:oB. qepe3
HeKOTOpoe BpeMSI Ha 6pHTaHCKOM cy,n:He IlHrnerpJO IlJihIJI
B AHrJIHJO. BparH ClfHTaJIH ero noxoponeHHhIM 3a:>KHBO.
On B03Bpai.n:ancsi: - «redivivus et ultor» ...

VI.
Ilo-BH,D:HMOMy, :>Ka:>K,n:a MeCTH 6blJia rnaBHhIM no6y:>K-
,n:eHHeM BO Bcex ,n:eifcTBHsi:x IlHrnerpJO nocne ero B03Bpa-
i.n:eHHSI H3 rBHaHbl. AHrJIHHCKOe npaBHTeJibCTBO BCTpeTH-
JIO reHepana c nolfeToM. Ero HMSI qacTo BCTpeqaeTcsi: B ne-
penHcKe pyxoBo,n:si:i.n:Hx mo,n:eii Toro BpeMeHH. Cmo3HHKH
OlfeHb XOTeJIH HCilOJ1h30BaTb B 6opb6e c <l>paHn;HeH BOeH-
HblH onhIT H TanaHThI IlmnerpJO. To npe,n:nonaranoch
' MapaHLI - B cpe.nueBeKoBoli 11cnaHHH H IlopTyranHH eBpeH, olj>HQHaJJLHO
npHHllBWHe xpHCTHaHCTBO 11x npecne.noBaJJa HHKBH3HQHll. - llpUM. peiJ.
.. «BHOBL lKHBOH H MCTHTeJJL» ( 11am ) • - llep a8m

164
 nopyqHTh eMy KOMaH,D:OBaHHe HOBOH apMHeil, TO o6cy)l(-
,naJIHCh npoeKThI co3,naHm1, no.n ero HaqaJihCTBOM, oco6o-
ro nernoHa H3 cppaHI.\Y3CKHX ,ne3epTupoB. B pa3rap BOHHhI
1799 ro.na MhI JacTaeM IlmnerpIO B rnaBHoil: KBapTupe
3pQrepQora Kapna. B ,neHh CTOJih HecqacTHOH .nm1 pyccKo-
ro opy)l(HSI 6HTBhI npu IJ;10puxe, Kor.na nopa)l(eHue Kop-
caKOBa cpa3y yHuqTo)l(HJIO nno,nhI Bcex cyBopoBCKHX no-
6e.n, IlmnerpIO HaXO,D:HJICSI B pyCCKOM lllTa6e. Ilo ero
CBH,neTeJihCTBy, OH TI.QeTHO y6e)l(.nan KopcaKoBa H3Me-
HHTh Hey,naqHhIH CTpaTeruqecKH 3aMhICeJI cpa)l(eHHSI.
ohIBlllHH cppaHQY3CKHH rnaBHOKOMaH,nyIOI.QHH Teneph oT-
KpoBeHHO npe.nnaraJI CBOIO lllIIary ,nJISI 6opb6hI c TeMH
caMhIMH apMHSIMH, B C03,D:aHHH KOTOphIX OH Kor.na-TO
IIpHHHMaJI 6JIH3KOe yqacTHe.
BL1xo.n HMIIepaTopa IlaBJia H3 KOaJIHQHH c,neJiaJI He-
c6hIToqHhIMH IIJiaHhl ycMHpeHHSI peBOJIIOQHOHHOH CTpaHhl
cunoii opy)l(HSI. Bo3BpaI.QeHHe m ErunTa reHepana lioHa-
napTa H IIOCJie,noBaBlllHH 3a 3THM rocy.napcTBeHHhIH IIepe-
BOpOT B IlapH)l(e H3MeHHJIH H caMhIH xapaKTep cppaHQY3C-
KOH peBOJIIOQHH. 18 cpp10Krn.nopa B 6opb6e ,[J;HpeKTopHH c
IlHrnerpIO IIo6e.nuna ,[J;upeKTopusi:. 18 6p10Mepa B ee 6oph-
6e c lioHaIIapTOM IIo6e.nHn lioHaIIapT. 0THhIHe Ha .nonrne
rO,D:hl BO ct>paHQHH 3aKpeIIHJiaCh e,nHHOJIHqHaSI ,D:HKTaTypa.
B «HHTepBeHQHIO» IlHrnerpIO 6onhrne He BepHJI. EMy
OCTaBaJIOCh BepHTh B .npyroe. OH HMeJI Bee OCHOBaHHSI
HeHaBH,l.J;eTh ,[J;upeKTOpHIO. Ho He MeHhrne ocHoBaHHH
HMeJI OH HeHaBH,D:eTh H lioHaIIapTa. qTO c Toro, qTo
nepBhIH KOHCYJI llhITaJICSI ycTaHOBHTh «IIOpSl,D:OK», 0 KOTO-
poM MeqTaJI caM Iluruerp10, Bxo.nsi: B cornarneHHe c Eyp-
6oHaMH? EecnpHcTpacTHSI OT 6hrnruero rnHaHcKoro Jioce-
JieHQa )l(.LJ:aTh 6hIJIO Heqero. KapTHHa ynpoI.QaJiach: peBo-
JIIOQHSI o6JieKJiach B o6pa3 o,nHoro qeJioBeKa. M cpHJio-
cocpcKHH CHJIJiorH3M «Kali qenoBeK, Kail cMepTeH» OT-
HhIHe KaK 6bI npHHHMaJI xapaKTep IlOJIHTHqecKoro CHJI-
JIOrH3Ma.

VII.
MhICJih 06 y6HHCTBe HaIIoneoHa, KOHeqHo, HeJih3SI
Ha3BaTh oco6eHHO opHrnHaJihHOH. B TeqeHHe JioqTH .nBa.n-
QaTH neT 06 3TOM ,nyMaJIH coTHH H Thlcsi:qu JIIO,neil:. He.na-
poM y ToncToro TaKasi: MhICJih IIpHxo,nHT KpOTKOMY pyc-
CKOMY 6apuHy, MeqraTeJIIO, MacoHy H cpHJiaHTpoIIy. Ho
165
6b1JIH mo.n.n, 6eccnopHo, 6onee npe.n.Ha3HaqeHHbie .D.JISI
3Toro .n.ena u 6JIH)l(e K HeMy no.n.01ue.n.urne, qeM fILep Ee-
3yxoB. Tax, B TY nopy, Ha no pore XIX cToneTHSI, y6HiicT-
BO nepaoro KOHcyna 6bIJIO rnaBHOH )l(H3HeHHOH ueJiblO
)l{op)l(a Ka.n.y.n.anS1 - aepoSITHO, caMoro 3aMe'laTeJibHOro
H3 Bcex napTH3aHCKHX 60HUOB H TeppopHCTOB HCTOPHH.
3TO 6bIJI oqeHb CTpaIIIHbIH 'leJIOBeK, - CTpaIIIHblH H
no CBOeMy BHeIIIHeMy BH.D.y·. KonoccaJibHaSI <Purypa, CBH-
.n.eTeJibCTBOBaBIIIaSI 0 He'leJIOBeqecKOH CHJie, oqeHb KOpOT-
KaSI TOJICTaSI IIIeSI, qy,ll.OBHIQHOH BeJIHqlfHbl roJIOBa c TSl)l(e-
JlbIM JIHUOM, rycTbie pbl)l(He BOJIOCbl, HCilO,ll.BH)l(HblH
B3rJISl.D. ManeHbKHX rJia3, orpoMHbie PYKH c xopoTKHMH
TYITbIMH nanhuaMH. Ka.n.y.n.anb 6hrn <l>aHaTHK B caMoM
HaCTOSIIQCM CMbICJie CJIOBa. ,[(m1 Hero cymecTBOBaJl TOJib-
KO npHHUHil MOHapXHH. )l{uBbIX HOCHTeJieH 3TOfO npHHUH-
na OH He,ll.OJil06JIHBaJI - oco6eHHO 3a TO, qro OHH, H caM
J110.n.oaux XVIII, u ace <l>paHUY3CKHe npHHUbI, )l(HJIH cno-
KOHHO Ja rpaHHI\eH, He npnHHMaSI npS1Moro y'laCTHSI B
6opb6e c peaon10uueu··. Hu Ha xaxy10 Harpa.n.y Ka.n.y.n.aJib
He paCCtlHTbIBaJI; OH, rrO-BH.D;HMOMy, IlOHHMaJI, 'ITO norH6-
HeT .no BOCCTaHOBJICHHSI MOHapxuu: npu ero peMeCJie Ha-
CHJibCTBeHHaSI CMepTb 6bIJia npOCTOH MaTeMaTHtleCKOH
Heo6xO.D;HMOCTblO. B
6opb6e OH He OCTaHaBJIHBaJICSI HH
nepe.n qeM. Ey.n.yqH JIHqHo t1eJI0BeKOM coaepIIIeHHO 6ec-
KOpbICTHbIM, OH npHHHMaJI aHrJIHHCKHe .D;CHbfH, XOTSI OT-
JIHqHo 3Han, no KaKHM coo6pa)((eHHSIM AHrJIHSI 3TH .neHbrH
.naeT. Kor.na aHrnHHCKHX .neHer He xBaraJio, Ka.ny.naJib
rpa6Hn rrO'ITOBbie .D.HJIH)((aHCbI. <l>HnococpHSI EoHaJib.D;a··· B
HeM co'!eTanacb c npHeMaMH CTeHbKH Pa3HHa. l1cKJIIO'IH-
TeJibHaS1 xpa6poCTb, 3HeprHSI H )((eCTOKOCTb C03.D;aJIH )l{op-
)((y IIIYMHy10 H3BeCTHOCTb c nepBblX neT rpa)((.D;aHcKoH
BOHHbI. florrbITKH peBOJIIOIJ;HOHHbIX reHepaJIOB rrOHTH c
HHM Ha corJiaIIIeHHe HeH3MeHHO KOH'laJIHCb Hey.na'leH. B
xpaTKHH nepHo.n Mnpa EoHanapT npH JIH'IHOM CBH.D;aHHH
c Ka.ny.naneM TIQeTHO npe.D.Jiaran eMy cny)((6y B peryJIS1p-
HOH apMHH H qHH .D.HBH3HOHHoro reHepaJia. Ka.ny.nanb

' Onucanue ero npHMeT, 'lpe3Bbl'laiino BHYWHTeJJbHOe JlallCe npH 'ITeHHH,

MOllCHO naiiTH e nonuuciicKHX a<jmwax (F-7, 6391, 1 H F-7, 6392, 2). Ha'laJJbHHK
nonnunn AeMape, BHlleBWHii )((opllCa B MOMeHT ero apeCTa, rouopHT, npae}la, o
np11llTHOM Bblpal1Cen1111 ero n11ua. Ho B MOMeHT apeCTa KallyllaJJll see, llOilllCHO
6b1Tb, Ka3aJJOCb '1pe3Bbl'laiino npllllTHblM Ha'laJJbHllKY UOJIHQllll.
'' 0JlHH 113 npl!llBOpHblX cnpoeun KallyllaJJw «Bbl see Tpe6yeTe, 'IT06b1 11p11nu
illl'IHO OTnpaBHJICll BOeBaTb BO <l>paHQlllO, MOllCeTe Jiii Bbl, OllHaKO, rapaHT!!pO·
BaTb eMy )1(1!3HI·?» «HeT, HO ll Mory rapaHTl!pOBaTb eMy 'leCTb», - OTBeTHJI
Kally,llailh
•• liOilaJJbll Jlytt ra6p!!eJJb AM6pya3 (1754---1840) - <jJpaHQY3CKllH flOJlllTll·
'leCKllii }lel!TeJJb, <jJ11J1oco<jJ-111lean11CT. - flpuM. peiJ.

166
 IIOTOM BbICKa3hIBaJI CO)l(aJieHHe, qTo IIpH 3TOM CBHAaHHH
HaeAHHe He 3aAyllIHJI IIepBoro KOHcyna. no CJIOBaM HaIIO-
neoHa, )Kop)I( 6LIJI qpe3BblqaifHO OIIaceH HMeHHO BBHAY
COeAHHeHH.SI B OAHOM qeJIOBeKe He06hIKHOBeHHOH BOJIH H
My)l(eCTBa c IIOJIHbIM OTC~TCTBHeM IIOJIHTHqecxoro Kpyro-
30pa. «Bestia ignorante!» - co 3Jio6oi1 roBopHJI IIepBLIH
KOHcyn. HaIIOJieoH, B MHHYTLI xpaii:Hero pa3Apa)l(eHH.SI,
HHOrAa IIepeXOAHJI Ha HTaJih.SIHCKHH .Sl3hIK.
C 3THM qenoBeKOM reHepan IlHlllerpFO BCTYIIHJI B 1800
rOAY B TeCHYFO CB.Sl3b.
3AeCb Mbl IIOAXOAHM K caMOMY TaHHCTBeHHOMY IIe-
pHOAY )l(H3HH IlHlllerpFO. y Hae HeT Heonpo6ep:>ICUMblX
AOKa3aTeJihCTB Toro, qTo OH y)l(e TOrAa IIpHH.SIJI 6JIH3KOe
yqacTHe B 3ar0Bope, CTaBHBllleM ce6e u:eJibFO y6HHCTBO
HaIIoneoHa. 0AHaKo 6pHTaHCKHH BOeHHhIH MHHHCTp
YHH,Z{r3M B CBOeM )J;HeBHHKe (16 ceHrn6p.S1 1800 ro;::i;a)
BIIOJIHe .SICHO IlHllleT, qTo IlHlllerpFO rOBOpHJI c HHM 0
«nJiaHe ycTpaHeHH.SI BoHanapTa nocpe;::i;cTBoM y6HHCTBa».
0 TOM )Ke nnaHe )Kop)I( Ka;::i;y;::i;anh pa3roBapHBaJI c caMHM
IlHTTOM. HarroneoH np.SIMO yTBep)l(;::i;aJI, qTo aHrJIHHcxoe
npaBHTeJILCTBO no;::i;cL1nano K HeMy y6Hiiu:. Heonpo6ep-
:JICUMblX ;::i;oKa3aTeJILCTB MhI He HMeeM H )J;Jl.SI 3Toro. Ha-
CKOJILKO MO)l(HO noH.SITh xpaTKHe 3anHcH ;::i;HeBHHKa YHH;::i;-
r3Ma, 6pHTaHCKHe MHHHCTpbI CJiylllaJIH peqH Ka;::i;yAaJI.SI H
IlHlllerpFO, HHqeM He CBH)J;eTeJibCTBY.SI CBOero OA06peHH.SI
HX nnaHaM. HoBeHllIHH aHzAuucKuu HCTOpHK c3p ,[()KOH
Xonn npH3HaeT, qTo 06BHHeHH.S1, B03BO)J;HBllIHec.S1 BoHa-
rrapTOM Ha npaBHTeJihCTBO IlHTTa, HeJih3.SI cqHTaTh COBep-
rneHHO Heo6ocHoBaHHhIMH. Ka;::i;y;::i;aJIL B cBoei1 nepenHcKe
c 6pHTaHCKHM t-fHHHCTepCTBOM HHOCTpaHHhIX ;::i;eJI qacTO
ynoMHHaeT o «coup essentiel» .. , KOTOphIH HM no;::i;roToB-
JI.SIJIC.SI B IlapH)l(e. B 3HaqeHHH 3THX ;::i;Byx CJIOB coMHeBaTh-
C.SI ;::i;oBOJILHO Tpy;::i;Ho. EABa JIH coMHeBaJic.SI B Hx 3HaqeHHH
H IlHTT - OH HaHBHOCTbFO OTHFO)J;b He OTJIHqaJIC.SI. IlHTT
caM KaK-TO CKa3aJI, qTo Bech <i>paHQY3CKHH rocy;::i;apCTBeH-
HhIH nop.Sl)J;OK HaXO)J;HTC.SI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT O)J;HOfO IlH-
CTOJieTHOro BhICTpena. B no;::i;o6HLIX ;::i;enax Heonpo6ep:>1eu-
Mble )J;OKa3aTeJihCTBa, KOTOphIX Tpe6yFOT «6ecnpHCTpacT-
Hhie HCTOpHKH», Boo6me BCTpeqaJOTC.SI He TaK qacTO. MLI
HaXOAHMC.SI 3;::i;ecL B o6nacTH ;::i;ora;::i;ox. O;::i;HaKo c oqeHL
60JibllIOH CTeneHhFO Bepo.SITHOCTH MO)l(HO npe;::i;noJIO)l(HTh,
qTo co6LITHe, npoH3orne;::i;rnee B IlapH)l(e B Beqep 24 ;::i;e-

• «HeeelKCCTBCllHOe lKHBOTHOe'» (uma11.)

" «rnae111>1i! y.uap» (rfip.).

167
Ka6psi 1800 ro.na, 6blJIO opraHH30BaHo areHTaMH Ka-
.ny.nansi· He 6e3 Be,noMa reHepana TimuerpIO, KOTOp1>1u
B JloH,noHe He pa3 o6cy:lK,nan c )J{op:lKeM nnaH1>1 cnaceHHsi
<l>paHL~HH.

VIII.
113BeCTHeUllIHH pyccKHH TeppopHCT rOBOpHJI MHe: «Bbl
,nyMaeTe, TaK JierKO COBepllIHTh TeppopHCTHlfeCKHH aKT?
B3siJI 6oM6y H 6pocHJI, .na? EpocHTh-TO 6oM6y nerKo, HO
Ha.no eru;e nonacTh ... B Teppope Heo6xo,nHMO cneu;HaJIH3H-
poBaThC.SI, Bee paBHO KaK B XHMHH HJIH B Me.[{HIJ;HHe... »
Mo:lKeT 61>1T1>, 3TO H BepHo. 0,nHaKo HeMano H3BeCTHhlx
nOJIHTHlfeCKHX y6HUCTB 6blJIO B HCTOpHH COBepllleHO JIIO-
.[{hMH, He HMeBllIHMH «cneu;HaJihHOro o6pa30BaHHSI». JlH-
HHSI Henpo<t>eccHOHaJIOB Be,neT OT PaBaJihSIKa H IIIapJIOTTbl
Kop.ne K <l>pH,npHxy AMepy H JleoHH,ny KaHHernccepy.
He 6MJIH npo<t>eccHoHaJiaMH, B Y3KOM cM1>1CJie cJioBa, H Te
JIIO.[{H, KOTOpble B 1800 ro.ny .[{OJI:lKHhl 6blJIH COBepllIHTh
«coup essentiel». Mx 6MJIO HeCKOJihKO lfeJioBeK. PyxoBo-
.[{HJI HMH TI1>ep CeH-Pe:lKaH, 61>IBllIHH Mopcxou o<t>Hu;ep,
o,nHH H3 6JIH3KHX coTpy,nHHKOB Ka.ny.nansi no rpa:lK,naHc-
Koii BoiiHe.
Y6HTh nepBoro KOHcyna 61>1no He Tax npoCTo. OH
IlOSIBJISIJICSI B TiapH:lKe Bcer.na B conpOBO:lK.[{eHHH TeJio-
xpaHHTeJieH H e3.[{HJI, KaK roBOpHJIH, B 6JIHH.[{HpoBaHHOH
KapeTe, KOTopasi Hecnach no ynm~aM c qpe3BbllfaiiHou
6blcTpoToIO. Ha nHCTOJieTH1>1u BblCTpen TYT pacclfHTbl-
BaTh He npHxo,nHnoch. CeH-Pe:lKaH npH,nyMaJI 6onee .neu-
CTBHTeJihH1>1u cnoco6 pa60T1>1.
24 .nexa6psi nepBbIH KOHcyn ,noJI:lKeH 6blJI npHcyTcrno-
BaTh Ha nepBOM npe,ncTaBJieHHH «Cayna» B onepe, KOTO-
pasi Tor.na n0Meru;anac1> Ha ynHu;e PHllleJI1>e. He.naneKHH

• IIOCJJe DOllBJJCHHll uaCTOll!Ueii pa60Tbl BblWJJa HOBall KHHra JlenoTpa

«Georges Cadoudal» TanaHTJJHBblii HCTopnK, OAHU H3 caMLIX 6JJeCTRIUHX co-
BpeMeHHLIX nncaTeneii nL1Taerc11 AOKa3aT&, '!TO Ka,izyAan& ue npHHHMaJJ y'laCTHR
B AeJJe Ce11-Pel1Cana. fnaBHLlii, ecJJH He CAHHCTBeHHblii, AOBOA JleuoTpa 3aKJJIO'laeT-
Cll B TOM, 'ITO Cen-Pel!Cau paccraJJCll c KllAYAaJJeM 3aAOJJf0 AO Toro, KaK npHCTy-
IlHJI K opraHH3aD.HH IlOKyweun11: «YlK, KOHe'IHO, OH ue npeACTaBHJJ 6L1 )l(oplKy ceoii
ylKaCHLlii H rnynblii DJJaH nocpeACTBOM KoppecnOHAeHD.HH» (CTp. 137). 3TOT AOBOA
sec&Ma uey6eAHTeneu: caM JlenoTp AaeT Mnoro npnMepos Toro, KaK npeBOCXOAHO
6L1JJa HaJJallCeua y KaAYAaJJR CBll3b c ero arenTaMH. He MOllCeT 6L1Tb COMHeHHll B
TOM, 'ITO y6niiCTeo BouanapTa 6L1JJ0 CTpaCTHblM lKenauneM )l(opllCa. Ou, Kone'lno,
6L1JJ paccrpoen ue 3aMblCAOM Ceu-PelKana, a ueyAa'leii H TeXHHKoii n0Kyweun11 na
ynnue Cen-HnKe3.

168
 nyTh B TeaTp H3 TIOHJihpHil:cxoro .usopna men no yJIHQaM,
3anHMaBilIHM qacTh Hhrnernueil: nJioIQa.UH Kapycenu. O.uua
H3 uux, ynuna Ceu-Huxe3, O)l(HBJieuua.si:, ue6onhrna.si: H
y3xa.si:, noKa3aJiacb sechMa no.uxo.u.si:IQeil: Ceu-Pe)l(auy. Ka-
peTa nepsoro xoucyna, oqesu.uuo, .UOJI)l(Ha 6hma npo-
exaTh no ynune 3a uecKOJihKO MHHYT .uo na'laJia cneKTaK-
n.si:, ua3uaqeuuoro ua 8 qacos. He3a.z:i:onro .uo Toro ua
ynuny Ceu-Huxe3 Bhiexana noKphITa.si: napycuuoil: Tenera,
3anp.si:)l(euua.si: CTapoil: KJI.Sl'leil:. Ha TeJiere uaxo.uunacb 60'1-
xa, uanonueuua.si: B3phIB'laThIMH seIQeCTBaMK. OT nee H3-
no.u napycuubl cnycxanc.si: $HTHJieK, coseprneuuo ue3aMeT-
HhlH B TeMHhIH 3HMHHH Be'lep, - B Te BpeMeua .ua)l(e
nenTpaJihHhie ynHQhI ocseIQaJIHCh .UOBOJihHO nnoxo. Kn.si:-
qeil: npaBHJI caM Ceu-Pe)l(aH, nepeo.ueThIH JIOMOBhIM H3B0-
3'1HKOM. Ou ocTauoBHJIC.si: y xo<Peil:uu H nosepuyn norna.z:t:h
Tax, 'IT06hl 3aropo.z:t:HTh B03MO)l(HO 6oJihllIYIO 'laCTh ynu-
QhI, 3aTeM cJie3 c TeJie)l(KH. KJI.si:'la, o.uuaxo, Morna c.usu-
uyThC.si: c Mecrn. Ceu-Pe)l(au, npo.uenasrnuil: rpa:>K.uaucxyw
Boil:uy, ue 6hlJI ceHTHMeHTaJihHblM 'leJIOBeKOM. no YJIHQe
npoxo,n:HJia KaKa.Sl-TO ,n:eB'IOHKa JieT 14-TH - OH UO.ZJ:03BaJI
ee, cyuyn eil: MoneTy, cKa3aJI, 'ITO eMy uy)l(HO ueua.n:onro
OTJIY'IHTbC.si:, H nonpocHJI no.n:ep)l(aTh TYT Jiorna,n:h. ,D;eso'l-
Ka cornacunach: IQe,n:phIH H3B03'1HK .nan eil: QeJihIX rnecTh-
.n:ec.si:T caHTHMOB, .n:a H CTO.SITh, sepuo, 6blJIO ue cxyquo ua
ynune, oco6euuo O)l(HBJienuoil: B 3TOT po)l(.n:ecTseucxuil:
Be'lep, - see TPH ee xo<Peil:uu 6hlJIH 6HTKOM ua6HThI
JIIO.ZJ:hMH. Ceu-Pe)l(aH B3.SIJI xouen $HTHJihKa H oTornen OT
Teneru noo,n:aJih. Coo6IQHHKH, paccTaBJieHnhle no .n:opore
K TIOHJihpH, eIQe He no.n:anu ycnosneuuoro cHrHaJia o
Bh1e3,n:e xapeThI H3 .n:sopna. B O)l(H.ZJ:aHHH curuana Ceu-
Pe)l(aH cTan 3axypusaTh Tpy6xy - H s,n:pyr c H3YMJieuueM
ysu.n:en uecyIQnil:c.si: ua Hero KOHBOH nepsoro xoucyna •.
KOHb CKaKaBrnero c KpaIO TeJioxpaHHTeJI.SI TOJIKHYJI Ha
xo.n:y CeH-Pe)l(aua, - 6h1Th MO)l(eT, 3TOT TOJI'IOK ueMuoro
ero ornyrnun. Ceu-Pe)l(aH no.n:)l(er $HTHJieK. Pa3,n:anc.si:
CTpallIHblH B3pbIB, UOTp.SICilIHH caMhie OT,n:aJieHHhle KBap-
TaJihl Ilapu)l(a. ,[I;oMa ynHQhI Ceu-Huxe3 o6pyrnHJIHCh, OT
,n:eBO'IKH, OT JIOilia,n:H He OCTaJIOCh 6yKBaJibHO 1lU'le20.
,nec.si:TKH JIIO,n:eil: B xo<Peil:ue, ua ynune, B ,n:oMax 6hlJIH
pa30pBaHbl Ha 'laCTH HJIH HCKaJie'leHbl. KOJI.SICKY nepsoro
xoucyJia, yuecrnywc.si: .n:anexo snepe.n:, no.n:6pocHJIO B3phI-
BOM y)l(e ua yJIHQe PurneJibe. qepe3 MHHYTY rnasa rocy,n:a-
• .UeMape rOBOpHT B CBOHX BOCDOMHH3HHllX, '!TO Ky'lep Hanoneoua 6blJI
uecKonLKO HaBecene no cny'lalO H8CTYfiHBwero npa3.!1HHKa H noToMy rnan nowa-
.r1eii ell{e OT'l8llHHee, 'ICM o6Ll'IHO.

169
pcTBa, non 6ypHbie pyxonnecKaHmI .n:ora.n:asrneH:c.si:. o no-
xyrnemrn: ny6JIHKH, IlO.SIBHJIC.SI B CBOeH JIO)!(e H, CilOKOHHO
ca.n:.sicb B xpecno, noTpe6osan JIH6peTTO «Cayna». EMy
TaK IlOJiaraJIOCb IlOCTynaTb, KaK «lfeJIOBeKy cy.n:b6bI».
11Hatfe OH, sepo.si:THO, ocse.n:oMHJIC.SI 6b1, cnacnacb JIH ero
)!(eHa, KOTopa.si exana B cne.n:yromeH: xapeTe co csoeH:
.n:oqepbIO ropTeH3HeH. Ho KaKa.SI-TO HenpH.slTHOCTb c Ty-
aJieTOM )1(03eqmHbI 3a,n:ep)!(aJia Ha o.n:ay MHHYTY ee Bbie3.n:.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, B ee xapeTe JIHllib BbillIH6Jio B3pbIBOM
OKHa H OCKOJIKH CTeKJia CJierKa paHHJIH ropTeH3HIO.
0Tlfero He y.n:anocb noxyrneHHe? .lJ:eMape, a TaK)!(e
Tbep yTsep)!(.n:aroT, 'ITO KOHBOH nepsoro KOHcyna, sonpe-
KH O)!(H,n:aHH.SIM CeH-Pe)!(aHa, aecc.si ae BnepenH, a no3a,n:H
KapeTbI, BCJie,n:CTBHe qero B paclfeTe TeppopHCTa npOH30llI-
Jia ornH6Ka B HeCKOJibKO cexyH.n:, nory6HBllia.SI ero .n:eno.
3To o6'b.slCHeHHe He MO)!(eT 6bITb BepHo: O.LtHH H3 TeJIO-
xpaHHTeJieH, .lJ:ropaH, .n:asaBllIHH IlOKa3aHH.sl Ha cy.n:e.' .SICHO
fOBOpHT, 'ITO CKaKaJI npH6JIH3HTeJibHO B .UBa,n:QaTH marax
Bnepeou KOJI.SICKH nepBoro KOHcyna. J13 pac'IJeTa paccTo.si-
HHH MOiKHO 3aKJIIO'IHTb, 'ITO CeH-PeiKaH noTepsm He He-
CKOJibKO ceKyH.n:, a 3HatfHTeJibHO 60Jibl1Ie speMeHH. qTO c
HHM npOH30llIJIO, Mbl He 3HaeM. qeJIOBeK OH 6bIJI 6ec-
CTpallIHbIH··, HO B TaKHe MHHYTbl H npocl>ecCHOHaJibI H
HenpocpecCHOHaJibl HaXO,Il.slTC.SI B COCTO.slHHH, 6JIH3KOM K
yMonoMernaTeJibCTBy. B socnoMHHaHH.SIX pa3JIH'IHhIX Tep-
popHCTOB, B oco6eHHOCTH pyccKHX, eCTb CTpaHHQbI B 3TOM
OTHorneHHH nopa3HTeJihHbie. Ilo cnosaM .lJ:eMape, CeH-
PeiKaH B nocne.n:HIOIO cexyH.uy, 3aiKHra.SI cl>HTHJib, BbICKa-
3aJI MbICJieHHO IlO)!(eJiaHHe: eCJIH OH 3a6Jiy)!(.n:aeTC.SI, ecJIH
BoHanapT HyiKeH <l>paHQHH, TO nycTb iKe rocnO,Ub Bor
y6epe)!(eT ero OT B3pbrna! 3To CeH-PeiKaH 6y.uTo 6bI
coo6ll{HJI Ha Hcnose.uH CB.si:ll{eHHHKy. KaKHM o6pa30M Ha-
qaJibHHK IlOJIHQHH MOf BbIIlbITaTb TaHHY HCilOBe,UH, OH B
CBOHX BOCilOMHHaHH.SIX He fOBOpHT.
BHHOBHHK B3pbrna yQeJieJI H 6hIJI apecToBaH JIHllib
qepe3 Mec.si:Q. Y Hero 6hmo Haii.ueHo nHCbMO )l(op)!(a
Ka.n:y.uaJI.SI, KOTOpbIH IlHCaJI eMy: «MbI B03JiaraeM Ha Te6.SI
see HarnH Ha,n:e:>K,n:bI» (Ho H 3Ta cl>pa3a Be.Uh He .si:sn.sieTc.SI
Heonposep)!(HMbIM .n:oKa3aTeJibCTBOM)°... QqeHb CKOpO

• Cy.ae6u oT'!eT, T. I, crp. 207.

•• B ero nonuueilcKoii xapaKTepHCTHKe cKa:iano: «Extremement courageux et
hardi» (F-7, 6271).
••• B rocy.aapcTBeHHblX apxHBax ecr& nonuueiiCKall KonHll nHc&Ma iKopllCa,
l!CHO ycTaHaBnHBaiomall ero y<1acrue B .aene CeH-PellCaHa (F-7, 6392, 2). Ho H3
IlOMCTOK Ha nonl!X KOilHH BH.llHO, '!TO npHHaMellCHOC'fh IlHCDMa )l(opllCy Bbl3h!Bana
COMHCHHe H y Bh!CWHX nonHueiiCKHX opraHOB.

170
CeH-Pe)l(aH «paya sa dette a
la societe»", - ecJin He
onm6a1-0cb, :no Ha pe,n:KOCTh rJiyrroe BLrpa)l(eHHe, 03Ha-
qa1-0mee CMepTHYJ-0 Ka3Hh, HMeHHO Tor.n:a o6oraTHJIO co-
608 ra3eTHhIH CJIOBapb.

IX.
ABTop o6BHHHTeJILHoro aKTa no ,n:eJiy Ceu-Pe)l(aHa
O'l:eHb Kpacuope 1mBO OIIHChIBaJI, KaK <l>paHI.J.Y3CKajf pecrry6-
JIHKa y)l(e 6bIJIO COBCeM IIO'ITH .UOCTHrJia «IIOCTOjJHHOro H
npo'IHoro c"laCTMI» (une felicite constante et inalterable),
HO IIOMelllaJIH eii BffYTpeHHHe H BHellIHHe Bparn, -
«L'Anglais qui n'a cesse d'enfanter OU de proteger tousles
crimes qui peuvent perdre la Republique fran~aise» .. , n
T. .n:. Ka3eHHaSI cJioBecHOCTh, K c"laCThI-O, 3a6L1BaeTCjf B TOT
caMbIH .n;eHb, Kor.n:a C03,n:aeTCSI. l1Haqe 3TOT qeJIOBeK c
Sl3hIKOM 6e3 KOCTeH, 6bITb MO)l(eT, O'leHb CKOpo IIO'IYB-
CTBOBaJI 6bI ce6jf HeJIOBKO: qepe3 HeCKOJibKO MeCjJI.J.eB Me)l(-
.n:y AHrnHeH H <l>paHI.J.HeH, IIOCJie 9 JieT BOHHhI, 6LIJI rro.n:-
IIHCaH MHp.
Mbl H caMH BHJJ;eJIH MHOro B3pbIBOB BOCTopra no
cnyqa1-0 OKOH'laTeJJLHoro rrpnMnpeHHjf Hapo.n;oB. Ho .n:a)l(e
3HTY3Ha3M, Bhl3BaHHhIH .n:oroBopoM Kennora nnn rrepsoli
BCTpe"leli :SpnaHa c IllTpe3eMaHOM He n.n:eT B cpaBHeHne c
TOH 6ypHoli pa.n:ocTbI-O, KOTopy1-0 BhI3BaJio B EBporre Mnp-
Hoe cornarneHne 1801 ro.n:a. JioxapHCKHH .n;yx HHKor.n:a He
BeSIJI Ha.n; EBporroli TaK rnyMHO, KaK HaKaHyHe Harrone-
OHOBCKHX BOHH. Jlyqmne I.J.BeTbl HbIHellIHero )l(eHeBCKOro
KpacHope'IHjf Ha TeMy 0 Be'IHOM MHpe BSIHYT pSl.D;OM c
pe'l:aMH Toro BpeMeHH. 0KTjJ6pbCKHe ra3eTbI 180 l ro.n:a
IIOJIHhl KoppeCIIOHJJ;eHJ:J;HH c OilHCaHHeM IIOBCeMeCTHOTO
Hapo.n;Horo 3HTY3Ha3Ma. Ilpn nepBOM H3BeCTHH 0 MHpe B
JloHJJ;OHe TOJJIIbl Hapo.n:a BbIJipjfrJIH noma.n:eli H3 KapeTbl
$pam:i;y3CKOro yrroJIHOMO'leHHOTO JiopHCTOHa H c KpH-
KaMH «.D:a 3.z:i:paBcTByeT cf>paHI.J.HjJ! .D:a 3.z:i:paBcTByeT :SoHa-
rrapT!» noBe3JJH irapery no YJJHI.J.aM (111Tpe3eMaHa B Ilapn-
)l(e XOTh B03HJJH CIIOKOHHO B aBTOMo6nne). B TOM )Ke
JloH.n;oHe, B KoseHT-rap.n;eHcKoM TeaTpe, llIJia 3 oKrn6pSI
1801 ro.n:a rrheca «PeBHHBhIH MY)!(», B KOTopoli .n:sa .n:elicT-
By1-0nmx JIHI.J.a, cf>paHKnH H :SennaMH, Bcne.n;cTBne KaKoro-
To He.n;opa3yMeHHjJ .n:epyTcjf Ha .ZJ:Y3JIH. KaK TOJILKO <l>paH-
,; «3aJIJlaTHJI cBoii .11onr o6wecTBy» ( (fjp.).
«AurJIH'laHe, ICOTophle ae nepeCTaBaJIH nopOllCJl8Tb u nene11Tb Bee npecryn-
JieHHll, ICOTOphle MOrJIH 6h! nory6HTb $paauy3cKyio pecny6JIHICY» ( rfip.)

171
 KJIM M EeJIJiaMM eKpeeTMJIM umarM, O,ll;MH MJ aKTepoB 6po-
eMJieR K HHM Ha aBaHeu.eny M oeTaHOBMJI MX eTpaeTHOU
pe'lbIO: «He eTbl,lJ;HO JIM BaM ,ll;paTbeR Terrepb, KOr,lJ;a HaeTy-
IIMJI Be'IHblU M Beeo6~MU MMp! ,[(a JHaeTe JIM Bbl, 'ITO JIIO-
,lJ;M-6paTbR M 'ITO Ha Been JeMJie eeifqae TOJibKO Bbl ,lJ;BOe
)J;yMaeTe o peJne!..» IlpMeTb1)KeHHb1e <l>paHKJIM M EeJIJiaMM
HeMe,lJ;JieHHO orryeTMJIM IIIrrarH M KpeIIKO eTMenyJIM ,ll;pyr
,ll;pyry pyKM. Ily6nMKa KoBeHT-rap,ll;eHeKoro TeaTpa rro-
BeTaBana e MeeT M paJpaJMJiaeb 6eIIIeHOH OBaU,HeH IIO
a,ll;peey JIOBKoro aKTepa •. EeJIM TaK ce6R BeJIM e,ll;ep)J(aHHb1e
aHrJIM'laHe, TO JierKO IIOHRTb, 'ITO ,lJ;eJiaJIOeb Ha KOHTHHeH-
Te. B IlapH)Ke 6bIJI HaJna'leH rrpaJ,lJ;HMK Be'IHoro MHpa -
M HapO,ll;HOe eKOIIJieHMe Ha YJIMU,ax 6bIJIO naeTOJibKO BeJIM-
KO, 'ITO rrpaBMTeJibeTBO JarrpeTMJIO Ha 3TOT ,lJ;eHb eJ.lJ;Y B
3KMila)J(ax: e,lJ;HHeTBeHHOe MeKJIIO'leHMe 6bIJIO e,lJ;eJiaHO B
IIOJibJY ,ll;Opororo roeTR, aHr JIMHeKoro YIIOJIHOMO'leHHOro
Jiop,ll;a KopnyanJIHea («L'Anglais qui n'a eesse ... »).
Ilau.mpMeTeKMe pe'IM rrpoMJnoeMJIMeb BeeMH. Ho rJiaB-
HhIM rrau.mpHeToM 6bIJI renepaJI EoHarrapT. On roBopHJI
)J;a)J(e ne KaK EpHaH HJIH lliTpeJeMaH, a rrpRMO KaK lipeuT-
IIIeif.lJ; JIM6o IloJib-liOHKyp. IlepBblH KOHeyJI paeebmaJieR B
KOMIIJIMMeHTax aHrJIHHeKMM, pyeeKMM roey,ll;apeTBeHHblM
,lJ;eRTeJIRM. B JloH,lJ;OHe He oeTaBaJIHeb B ,ll;OJiry: B'lepaIII-
HMH KopeHKaneKMn JJIO)J;eu 6b1JI repoeM MJ repoeB.
Hae He MO)J(eT oeo6eHHO y.lJ;HBHTb M TO, 'ITO ,ll;py)J(6a
anrJIM'laH e rrpaBMTeJibeTBOM rrepBoro KoneyJia neMe,lJ;nen-
no OTpaJHJiaeb na IIOJIO)J(eHMM $paHU,yJeKMX 3MMrpaHTOB
B AHrJIMM. OHM 6bIJIM RBHO B JaroHe. CBe,lJ;eHMR o IlMIIIer-
pIO Ja 3TOT rrepMO.lJ; qpeJBbl'laHHO eKy.lJ;Hbl. Ho eeTb oe-
HOBaHMR .lJ;yMaTb, 'ITO OH He paJ,lJ;eJIRJI Toro BOeTopra,
KOTOpblH BblJbIBaJI B MMpe ero 6hIBllIHH BOeIIHTaHHMK IIO
6pMeHHeKOH IIIKOJie reHepaJI lioHarrapT.
Be'IHblH MMp rrpo,ll;OJI)J(aJieR rroJITopa ro,ll;a. BoeHHble
rrpMrOTOBJieHMR JaKOH'IMJIMeb, Ha'lanaeb HOBaR BOHHa.
IlMTT, yIIIe,lJ;IIIMH B OTeTaBKY B 1801 ro.lJ;y, BepHyJieR K
BJiaeTM. Ha IlMIIIerp10 M Ka.lJ;y.lJ;aJIR orrRTb rroJIMJieR JOJIO-
TOH ,ll;O)J(,ll;b. OHM BJRJIMeb Ja pa6oTy e HoBou 3Heprneu. Ho
Ha 3TOT paJ, IlO-BH,lJ;MMOMy, 3TM OTBa)J(Hble JIIO)J;H peIIIHJIM
,lJ;eHeTBOBaTb JIH'IHO. Toro ,lJ;eJia, KOTOpoe 6bIJIO HMH HaMe-
'leHO, OHM ne MOrJIM H He XOTeJIH rropyqaTb areHTaM.
KaKoe 3TO 6bIJIO ,lJ;eJio? Ka.lJ;y.lJ;aJib 6y.lJ;TO 6b1 rrpe,ll;-
rronaraJI eo6paTb OTpR,ll; B 50 qeJIOBeK H e HHMH, YJIY'IHB
MOMeHT, ,lJ;aTb qeeTHblH 6ou rrepBOMY KOHeyJiy H ero 50

' «Journal des Debats», 17 BaHJ1eMbepa X ro,Aa (8 mm16pS1 1801 r)

172
 TeJioxpaHHTeJrnM. IlneM.SIHHHK pO.SIJIHCTCKoro napTH3aHa,
HCTOpHK )l{op:>K .n:e Ka.n:y.n:aJih, BilOCJie,n:CTBHH COBeprneHHO
cepbe3HO OTCTaHBaJI :ny Bepcmo. 0 Heii: H rOBOpHTb KaK-
TO HenoBKO. )l{op:>K Ka.n:y.n:anh, onhITHhIH TeppopHCT, npo-
JIHBaBrnHii: KpOBb IlOTOKaMH, y6HBaBIIIHH H Ka3HHBIIIHH
mo.n:eii: 6e3 C'leTa, He 6hIJI pOMaHTH'leCKHM IOHOIIIeii: Bpo.n:e
repoeB BHKTopa r10ro. Ha cy.n:e OH cne,n:oBaJI oco6oii:
CHCTeMe IlOKa3aHHH, - OH OTpHI(aJI, HanpHMep, H CBOe
y'laCTHe B 3ar0Bope CeH-Pe:>KaHa, o'leBH.n;Ho, ,n:JI.SI Toro,
'IT06hI He KOMilpOMeTHpOBaTh napTHIO ,n:eJIOM, KOTOpoe
Bbl3BaJIO 061.I(ee Hero,n:0Bam1e BO <l>paHI(HH. 0,n:HaKO He
MO:>KeT no.n:ne:>KaTb coMHeHHIO, 'ITO QeJihIO Ka.n:y.n:an.SI 6h1-
no «ycTpaHeHHe» HanoneoHa, - B Tex TeXHH'leCKHX ycno-
BH.SIX, B KaKHX OHO OKa:>KeTC.SI B03MO:>KHbIM, B cnyqae Ha,n:o-
6HOCTH H 6e3 qecTHoro 60.SI. Bepo.SITHO, B 3TOM .n:ene
.n:on:>KeH 6bIJI npHH.SITh yqacTHe H IlHrnerpIO. Ho OH nocTa-
BHJI ce6e el.I(e H .n:pyryw 3a,n:a'ly. IlOJib3Y.SICb CBOHMH CTa-
pbIMH BOeHHbIMH CB.Sl3.SIMH, OH npe.n:noJiaraJI npHBJie'lb K
3ar0Bopy reHepaJia l\1opo, BOKpyr KOToporo co6paJIHCh
o<l>11Qepb1, He,n:oBOJihHbie nepBbIM KOHCYJIOM. IlJiaH BOeH-
Horo nepeBopoTa, IlO-BH.D:HMOMy, CJIHBaJIC.SI c nJiaHOM Tep-
popHCTH'IeCKOfO aKTa.
Pa60TaTb B 1804 ro.n:y 6hIJIO MHOro Tpy,n:Hee, 'leM
npe:>K,n:e. IloJIHI(H.SI nepBoro KOHcyJia c,n:eJiaJia 6oJihIIIHe
ycnexH. CHCTeMa rnnHoHa:>Ka, O'leHb xoporna.SI H npe:>K,n:e,
.n:ocTHrJia BhICOKoro coBeprneHCTBa. Tenepb HeJierKo 6hIJIO
,n:a:>Ke npoHHKHYTh Ha TeppHTOpHIO <l>paHQHH. Be.SI norpa-
HH'IHa.SI H 6eperoBa.SI JIHHH.SI Haxo,n:HJiaCb no.n: CTpo:>KaHIIIHM
Ha6JIIO,n:eHHeM.

x.
B MyJee Kap1mBaJie ecTb Mpa'IHa.SI aKBapeJih. B cepo-
qepHbIX TOHax B HO'IHOM OCBel.I(eHHH OHa H306pa:>KaeT
roJiyIO, O'leHb BbICOKYIO OTBeCHYIO CKaJiy. BHH3Y 6hIOTC.SI'
BOJIHbl. OT CKaJibl OTDJibIBaeT, Ka'la.SICb, JIO.n;Ka. r.n:e-TO
BbICOKO Ha CKaJie no KaHaTy DOJI3YT BBepx Boopy:>KeHHbie
JIIO,ll;H. )l;pyrne CMOTp.SIT Ha HHX CHH3y, CTO.SI B BO,n:e y
no,n:HO:>KH.SI CKaJibl, O'leBH.D:HO, O:>KH,n:a.SI CBOeH O'lepe,n:H. 3TO
oHBHJihCKHii: yTec Ha no6epe:>Khe Jia-l\1aHrna Me:>K,n:y ,ll;hen-
noM 11 TpenopoM. KaKa.SI-TO Hopa, OTKpbITa.SI HJIH npopb1-
Ta.SI KOHTpa6aH,n:HCTaMH, .n:aeT B03MO:>KHOCTb npOHHKHYTb
c ero BeprnHHhI B rJiy6h CTpaHhI. Ha.n: yTecoM, Bepo.SITHO,

173
 BCJieJJ,CTBHe ero HenpHcTynHOCTH (B HeM OKOJIO CTa MeT-
poB BhilllHHb1), Ha6moJJ,elilte 6bIJIO cna6ee, 'IeM HaJJ, BCeM
OCTaJihHblM no6epe:>KheM (Bnpo'IeM, CTOpo:>KeBOM nyHKT
HaXOJJ,HJICSI OT yTeca Bcero JIHlllb B KaKOM-JlH6o BepcTe).
AKBapeJib, 0 KOTOpOM SI fOBOplO (HOM. 2187)*, HanHcaJI
no naMstTH rpa<J> ApMaH JJ,e IlommhstK. OH B TY nopy
BMeCTe co CBOHM 6paTOM npHHHMaJI yqacTHe B 3ar0Bope
Il11rnerp10··. 3HMHeii HO'IblO aHrJIHHCKOe cyJJ,HO JJ,OCTaBHJIO
HX K nOJJ,HO:>KHIO bHBHJlhCKOfO yTeCa. Ilo YCJIOBllOMY CHf-
HaJiy coyqacTHHK c6poCHJI HM CBepxy KaHaT. Ilo;l.HSIBlllHCh
Ha BeprnHHY CKaJihl, OHM JJ,Oporoii KOHTpa6aHJJ,HCTOB npo-
KpaJIHCb K yeJJ,HHeHHOM <J>epMe, rJJ,e HX BCTpeTHJI )J(op:>K
KaJJ.yJJ.aJih, - OH TeM :>Ke nyTeM npH6hIJI Bo cf>pam.1,n10
paHhille. 0TTy.n:a, nyTellleCTBYSI no HO'IaM, TUJ,aTeJibHO
npS111ach JJ.HeM, OHM npn6hIJIH B Ilapn:>K, pacceJIHJIHCh no
KOHcnnpaTHBHhlM KBapTHpaM, KOTOpbIX )J(op:>K HMeJI B
CTOJIHIJ,e )J,OBOJibHO MHOro, H npHHSIJIHCb 3a CBOIO TaHHCT-
BeHHYIO pa601 y.
IlonnIJ,Hst - no KpaiiHeii Mepe rnaBHast (ux 6hmo
HeCKOJihKO) - HH'lero He 3Hana 0 npH6hITHH )J(op:>Ka H
IlmnerplO. Ho OHa Bee BpeMSI HaXO)J,HJlaCh B COCTOSIHHH
Hanpst:>KeHHOH TpeBOfH. «B03JJ.YX HaChIUJ,eH KHH:>KaJiaMH», -
nHcan nepBOMY KOHcyny cf>yrne.
IlpoH3BOJ1 B 3TH fO)J,hl 6oHanapTOBCKOfO nopst.n:Ka 6hIJI
He HaMHoro MeHbllle, 'IeM B nopy KOponeil:, KoHBeHTa HJIH
,[(HpeKTOpHH. IloJIHIJ,HSI XBaTaJia JIIO)J:eii Hay)J,a't[y, BOeH-
Hhie cyJJ,hI no'ITH nayJJ.a'Iy Bhrnocn:nH npn:r0Bopb1. B 1111cne
JIHU, np11roBopeHHhIX 6onee HJIH Menee cnyqaiiHo K cMepT-
Hoii Ka3HH B SIHBape 1804 roJJ,a, 6hIJI 11enoBeK, HMeB-
illHH OTHOilleHHe K .n:enaM )J(op)l(a. lfro6hI cnaCTH CBOIO
:>KH3Hh, oH JJ.aJI nepBhie cBeJJ,eHHSI o 3ar0Bope. Y )J,anocb
CXBaTHTh H ,[J,pYfHX BTOpocTerreHHhIX y11aCTHHKOB .n:ena.
OHH 3nann HeMHoro, HO Toro, 'ITO OHM 3HanH, 6b1no
.n:ocTaTO'IHo: )J(op:>K KaJJ.yJJ.anh B IlapH:>Ke! IloToM Bhrnc-
HHnoch, 'ITO B IlapH:>Ke H I1nmerp10! B nonnueiiCKHX H
npaBHTeJibCTBeHHbIX Kpyrax na'IaJiaCh HaCTOSIUJ,aSI naHHKa.
0 Heii JIIO)],SIM, 6hIBllJHM B M OCKBe B 1918 ro.n:y' MO:>KeT
.n:aTb HeKOTopoe TIOHSITHe TpaBJlSI «'IeJIOBeKa B KpaCHbIX
reTpax» (B. B. CaBHHKOBa).

' Ecim He oWH6aJOCb, ee no.!lapnll M)'3e10 Kil JI06a11os-POCToscmli, KOTopo-

MY oHa Morna .!IOCTaTLCll OT TloJIHHbllKOB y HHX 6wm npo'IHble CBll3H c Poccneli.
" 0.!IHH H3 3THX noJIHHbllKOB 'ieTBepTblO BeKa 1103.!IHee 6bVJ nepBblM MHHHCT·
pOM KapJia x H CBOHMH peaK!IHOllHblMH MepaMH 6JiaronoJiyqHo .!IOBeJI CTpauy .!10
HOBOH peBOJIIO!IHH.

174
 PeBomouJBI oTMemwa BO Cl>paHttnir ftbITKY npn6Jrn:m-
TeJihltO 'taK xax B Poeeutt nMttepatpm.1.a ~JIH3cliU~ta oT-
MeHHJia eMepTHYIO xaJHb. HeeMoTpsr Ha «felicite constante
et inalterable»·, nbITKa B pa3HbIX cl>opMax npHMeHSI-
nacb, - npas;::i;a, He TaK qacTO H He c TaKOH )l(eCTOKOCTblO,
KaK npH ;::i;opeBOJIIOQHOlIHOM eTpoe. 06BHHSieMbie Ha cy;::i;e
roBopHJIH, qTo ;::i;aBaJIH CBOH noKa3aHHSI no;::i; IlbITKOH, H
cy;:J;bH OTHOCHJIHCb K 3TOMY BilOJIHe paBHO;:J;YllIHO. IlHKO,
Jiaxe}J Ka;::i;y;::i;aJisi, no;::i;)l(apHBaJIH Ha orHe H ;::i;po6HJIH eMy
naJibIJ.bI ;::i;o Tex nop, noxa OH He coo611J.MJI a;::i;peca o;::i;Hoii
H3 KOHenHpaTHBHbIX KBapTHp. Ilo IIpHKa3y nepBOrO KOH-
cyJia 6bIJIH npHHSITbl COBepllleHHO HCKJIJOqHTeJibHbie Mepbl
po3bieKa. Bee 3aeTaBbI TiapH)l(a 6brnH 3aKpbITbI. Boiicxa
OI.J.eIIHJIH ropo;::i;. IlOJIMI.J.eMCKHe OTpSl;:J;bl IlpOH3BO;:J;HJIH IlO-
BaJibHbie o6bleKH Ha y11Huax, B roCTHHHQax, B qacTHbIX
)J;OMax •• . 06JiaBbl IllJIH H B oxpeeTHOCT.SIX, H B 11ecax
BOKpyr CTOJIHUbI. ,[(030pb1 6blJIH paccTaBJieHbl Ha Bcex
nepexpeCTKaX. Ha CTOJI6ax napR)l(a, Kai\ R B ra3eTax,
IlO.SIBHJIOCb Il0;:J;po6Hoe OilHeaHHe npHMeT )l(op)l(a H IlH-
rnerpIO. 3a yxpbIBaTeJibCTBO HX npaBHTeJibCTBO rp03HJIO
CMepTHOH Ka3Hbl0.

XI.
06 OXOTe, opraHH30BaHHOH B IlapH)l(e Ha )l(op)l(a H
IlHrnerpIO, HanHCaHO )J;OBOJibHO MHOrO - OT OTqeTOB IlO
HX npoQeeey Ha cy;::i;e )J;O HOBeHllIHX HCeJie;:J;OBaHHH Eap6e,
rpa3HJibe, JleHOTpa. ,[(o Hae ;:J;OllleJI H 6oraTbIH, XOTb He
eJIHllIKOM QeHHLiii, apxHBHbIH MaTepna11. KaJaJIOCb 6b1,
<t>axThI MO)l(HO ycTaHOBHTb TO'lHO. EcTh, o;::i;Haxo, so sceii
3TOH HeTOpHR qTO-TO TaHHCTBeHHoe, ueo6'b.SICHeHHoe H
Heo6'h.SICHHMoe. Cxa3aTb c yBepeHHOCTbIO, qTo B Heil He
6bIJIO npoBOKaUHH, e;::i;Ba JIH B03MO)l(H0.
MHoro JieT cnycT.si HeKHii cf>paHcya )1(011Hx11ep, Ha-
qaJihHHK IlOJIHQHH B reHye, B JiffqHOM IIHCbMe K HMilepa-
TOpy Hano11eouy, roBop.si o csonx 3ac11yrax, Hano:MHHaJI,
qTo HMeHHO OH, xax xoporno H3BeCTHO Ero Be11nqecTBy,
;:J;aJI KOr;:J;a-TO B03MO)l(HOeTb apeCTOBaTb B IlapH)l(e )l{op-
)l(a H IlHrnerplO (ero IlHCbMO 6bIJIO HaneqaTaHO rpa-

• «IlOCTOllllHOe HeB03MYTHMOe 6JiallCeHCTBO» (<fjp.).

.. no ,ll.aHHblM JleHOTpa, IlOJIHIIRll BCKpblBaJia .z:tallCe rpo6w, npoB03HBWHecll no
YJIRUaM na KaTa<j>anKax

175
3HJihe). 3ToT )J(oJIHKnep nepe.n; 3Kcne.n;m~neii 1804 ro.n;a
BpaJJJ;aJICH B JIOHJ];OHe B HaH6onee aKTHBHO HaCTpoeHHhIX
xpyJ1Cxax 3MHrpaQHH H npH3hIBaJI K caMhIM penmTeJihHhIM
.n;eiicTBHHM npoTHB nepBoro KOHcyna. B nopy apecrn 3a-
roBopJJJ;HKOB )l(oJIHKJiep HaXOJ];HJICH, no CTpaHHOH cnyqaii-
HOCTH, B IlapHJICe H TOT'laC nocne HX apecTa «6eJ1Cam> B
AHrnmo, r.n;e B xa'leCTBe yQeJieBrnero repoH npno6pen B
Jiarepe pOHJIHCTOB eme 60JihllIYJO nonynHpHOCTh.
Kaxne BhIBOJJ:hI MOJICHO c.n;enaTh H3 3THX <iJaxToB? He
no.n;JieJICHT COMHeHHJO TO o6CTOHTeJihCTBO, 'ITO naHHKa B
npaBHTeJihCTBeHHhIX H nOJIHQeHCKHX xpyrax npH H3BeCTHH
o noHBJieHHH B IlapHJ1Ce Ka.n;y.n;aJIH H IIHrnerpro 6bma He
npHTBOpHOH, a caMOH HaCTOHJJJ;eii. 3To He cornacyeTCH c
npe.n;nonoJ1CeHHeM npoBoKaQHH B .n;ene. IloBTOpHro, H He
6epych pa3pernHTh 3ara.n;xy. ohITh MOJICeT, )l(oJIHKJiep,
HMeBllIHH JIH'IHhIH J];OCTyn K HanoneoHy, He 060 BCeM
onoBeJJJ;aJI opraHbl rocy.n;apCTBeHHOro ChICKa? 60JihllleH c
BepOHTHOCThJO, no-MOeMy, MOJICHO npe.n;noJIOJICHTh, 'ITO OH
H caM He HMeJI CBe.n;eHHH 0 nJiaHax 3arOBOpJJJ;HKOB, -
Ka.n;y.n;aJih 6hIJI O'leHh onhITHhIH KOHCnHpaTop. Ho JIH'IHhie
CBH3H H 3HaKOMCTBa )J(oJIHKJiepa npH ero penyTaQHH
KpaiiHero pOHJIHCTa .n;aJIH eMy B03MOJICHOCTh nocJie pac-
KpbITHH 3ar0Bopa rocy.n;apCTBeHHOH nOJIHQHeii o6Jier'IHTh
eif p03hICK y'laCTHHKOB .n;eJia.
Ilocne.n;une JJ:HH npe6brnaHHH IIHrnerpro Ha cBo6o.n;e
6hIJIH HaCTOHJJJ;eif aroHHeif. Ha ycnex 3aroBopa 6oJihrne
pacc'IHThIBaTh He npHxo.n;HJIOCh. Tpy.n;Ho 6bIJIO ua.n;eHThCH
H Ha co6cTBeHHOe cnaceHHe. IleTJIH BOKpyr 3aTpaBJieHHhIX
3aroBopJJJ;HKOB 3aTHrHBanacb. IIHrnerpro MeTaJICH no Ila-
pHJ1Cy, MeHHH KBapTHPY 'IYTh JIH He KaJIC}J;hIH .n;eHh. EcTh
yKa3aHHH (BepOHTHO, npeyBeJIH'leHHbie), 6y.n;To OH 3a HO-
'leBKY nJiaTHJI X03HeBaM KBapn1pbI .n;o nHTHa.n;QaTH ThICH'I
<iJpaHKOB B cyTxH·. EcJIH 3TO BepHo, TO no.n;o6Hoii nnaTOH
OH, co6CTBeHHO, npHMO Ha3bIBaJI CBOe HMH: Beeb IlapHJIC B
Te JJ:HH roBopHJI o Ka.n;y.n;ane H IIHrnerpro, a<iJHrnH c
onHcaHHeM HX npHMeT BHCeJIH Ha KaJIC.UOM cToJI6e. Kone'l-
HO, nHTHa.n;QaTb ThICH'I <iJpaHKOB 6hIJIH .n;eHhrH, - HO
npaBHTeJihCTBO, no-BHJ];HMOMy, o6emano ropa3J];O 60Jih-
rnyro cyMMY 3a BhI.n;aqy IIHrnerpro. OH, TaKHM o6pa30M,
KaJIC.n;yro HO'lh CTaBHJI CBOJO JKH3Hh Ha HOBYJO KapTy ...
IloxoifHhIH .lJ:JKoJIHTTH, HMeBrnHH orpoMHhiii noJIHTH-

• ~eHer y Hero 6blJIO MHOro - aHrJIH'laHe ~e.11po HX CHa6.IUIJIH 30JIOTOM npH

OT'be3,llC.

176
'leCKHH onhIT, npaB.n;a, npH MHpHOM napnaMeHTCKOM
CTpoe, HO B CTpaHe MaKHaBeJIJIH H I>op.n;xma, COBeTOBaJI:
«BaJKHhIH ceKpeT coo6m;aiiTe TOJihKO O,l1;HOMY qeJIOBe-
Ky, - Tor.n;a Bbl 6y,n;eTe 3HaTh, KTO HMeHHO Bae npe.n;am>.
IlmnerpIO 3TOMY npaBHJIY He cne,n;oBaJI H TaK H yMep, He
3Ha51, KeM OH 6bIJI npe,n;aH. Ilpe,n;aH OH 6hIJI CBOHM nocne.n:-
HHM X0351HHOM. Ilocne HeCKOJihKHX HO'leBOK y 'leCTHhIX
JIIO,n;eii reHepaJI nonaJI Ha KBapTHpy HeKoero oJiaH-MoH6-
peHa. Ilmnerp10 oco6eHHO He noBe3JIO, - 3TOT I>naH-
MoH6peH 6hm npo,n;aJKHhIH .n;eneu,, cneu,HaJIHCT no «fem-
mes d'affaires»* H B,n;o6aBOK npHueJih )J{oJIHKJiepa (He-
yJKeJIH npocTaH cny11aiiHOCTh ?).
I>naH-MoH6peH )l(HJI Ha ynHu,e Illa6am B Mpa11HoM,
rp513HOM rneCTH3Ta)l(HOM ,n;oMe, KOTOpbIH cym;eCTByeT H no
ceii .n:eHh (Teneph o,n;HHHa,n;u,aThIH HOMep). YnHu,a 3Ta B TY
nopy HMeJia TaKyIO )l(e penyTaIJ,HIO, KaK B HaIIIH .D:HH.
ManeHhKaH KBapTHpa I>naHa Haxo,n;Hnach BO BTopoM (no
pyccKoMy c11eTy, B 11eTBepToM) 3Ta)l(e. I>naH, KOTopoMy c
HenoCTH)l(HMOH ,n;oBep'IHBOCThlO peKOMeH,n;OBaJIH IlHIIIer-
pIO ero npe,n;hl,n;ym;He X0351eBa, O'leHh OXOTHO corJiaCHJIC51
OKa3aTb rocTenpHHMCTBO 3HaMeHHTOMY 'leJIOBeKy; OH CKa-
3aJI, 'ITO C'IHTaeT 3TO npe,n;JIO)l(eHHe BeJIHKOH ,l1;J151 ce651
11ecThIO, H Boo6m;e pacchmancH B n106e3HOCTHX. Heo6b1-
11aiiHo JII06e3eH OH 6hIJI H ycTpaHBa51 y ce651 Ha HO'lh
IlHrnerpIO. B KBapTHpe 6b1Jia Bcero o,n;Ha KpoBaTh. Xo351-
HH pa.n;yrnHO ycTynHJI ee rOCTIO, 3aBepHB ero, 'ITO caM OH
HMeeT B03MO)l(HOCTh nepeHO'leBaTh y 3HaKOMhIX. 3aTeM
OJiaH-MOH6peH n03BaJI CBOIO ropHH'IHJIO, KOTOpaH, no
napH)l(CKOMY o6hI'laIO, )l(HJia no.n; KphIIIIeii ,n;oMa, BeJieJI eii
Ha cne.n;y10m;ee yTpo npHroTOBHTh 3aBTpaK MH Ho11y10m;e-
ro y Hero po,n;CTBeHHHKa, .nan eii KJIIO'I OT KBapTHphI, Ha
npom;aHHe KpenKo no)l(aJI «po,n;cTBeHHHKy» pyKy - H
nomen no,n;HHMaTh Ha HOrH noJIHU.HIO...
qepe3 HeKOTOpoe BpeM51 rny6oKOH HO'lhlO OTP51.ll: no-

• «.ll:eJJOBble llCeHllUIHbl» (ifjp.) .

.. «KaICOH no.nneu.'» - CICa3aJI lioHanapT, Y3HaB 0 ,llOHoce 6JJaHa, H npHKa3aJI
Bbl.llaTb no.nneuy CTO TblCll'I cj>pamcoe. TaICoea 6pe3rnHBall cj>HJJococj>Hll npaBHTeneii.
tlepe3 nllTHa.n.uaTb JJeT Ha OCTpoee ce. EneHbl HanoneoH roeopHJJ 06 3TOM ,11ene:
«Quant a Pichegru, ii fut victime de la plus infiime trahison. C'est vraiment la
degradation de l'humanite!..» («qTo ICacaeTcll nuwerpio, on 6blJJ lKepTBoii 6ec-
CTbl.llHoro npet1aTCJJbCTBa. 3To 11aCTOllIUee eblpolK.lleHHe po,11a 'leJJoBe'lecKoro!..»
(ifjp.)
0 AaJibHeiiweii Kapbepe 6na11-Mou6peHa Mbl no'ITH HH'lero He 3HaeM. qyo
ICacaeTCll :>KoJJHl(Jlepa, TO OH, ll0Jlb3Yl1Cb 06llUIM yealKeHHeM, MHPHO npolKHJJ
,'.IOJJryio lKH3Hb, KYRHJJ r,11e-To 3aMOIC, 6blJJ M3pOM ceoeii ICOMMYHbl H - 3TO JIY'fWe
ecero - Bbl.llaJI 3aMylK AO'lb 3a THTynoeaHHoro pollJJHCTa.

177
 mtneii:ctntx B conpOBO:>K,LteH:lttt liJHuta nosnnrncJt: Ha YJittl(e
Illa6aH~. JI10mr, Boopy'lKeftHhle c Hor .tlO roJtofiht, 6ecrnyM-
Ho npOHMKJIH B JJ:OM, Ha l(hIIlO'IKax npOIIIJIH no JieCTHHI.(e
Ha rnecToii: :na)I(, pa36y.r:i:mrn ropHH'IHyIO, noTpe6osaJIH y
Hee KJIIO'I H c BeJIH'laii:rneii: OCTOpO:>KHOCThlO cnycTHJIHCh
BHM3 K JJ:BepH KBapTHphl .liJiaH-MoH6peHa.
3a JJ:BephIO CBeTHJICSl oroHeK.
Ha'laJihHHK oTpSI.r:i:a 3HaJI, 'ITO HMeeT ,L(eJio c oqeHh
xpa6phIM H CHJihHhIM qeJioBeKOM, KOTOpOMY B,L(06aBOK
TepSITh He'lero. BepoSITHO, Ilnrnerp10 .r:i:peMan: HaCKOJihKO
SI Mory cyJJ:HTh, no6hIBaB B ,L(OMe HOM. 11, ,L(eCSITh :>KaH,L(ap-
MOB BCe-TaKH He MOrJIH COBeprneHHO 6ecrnyMHO npoii:TH
no 3TOH Y3Koii: ,L(epeBSIHHOH necTHHI.(e nepe.l( Kporne'IHOH
KBapTnpoii: BnaH-MoH6peHa.
IlOJIHI.(eHCKHe THXO nosepHyJIH KJIIO'I B 3aMKe, -
,L(Beph He no,L(,L(asanach.
11oKa3aJIOCh JIM IlHrnerpIO Il0,L(03pHTeJihHhIM 'ITO-JIH-
60 B JIHI.(e, B MaHepax, B nocTynKax BJiaHa, HJIH OH,
ycTpaHBaSICh Ha HO'IJier' TaK nocTynaJI BCSIKHH pa3, HO JJ:JISI
BepHOCTH reHepaJI 3a6appHKa,L(HpOBaJI ,L(Beph KOMOJJ:OM.
Ilo.r:i: IlOJJ:YIIIKOH y IlnrnerpIO Jie:>KaJIH 3apSI:>KeHHble IlHCTO-
JieThl H KHH:>KaJI.
Pacc'IHThIBaSI B3SITh 61>1cTpoToii: HaTHCKa, noJIHI.(eii:cxHe
HaJierJIH c CHJIOH Ha ,L(Beph, onpOKHHYJIH KOMOJJ:, BOp-
BaJIHCh B KBapTHpy M 6poC1tJ1HCh npSIMO K KpOBaTH.
Ilnrnerp10 BCKO'IHJI H psaHyJicSI K nHcToJieTaM. OH He
ycnen, O,L(HaKo, cxsaTHThCSI 3a opy:>KHe, - B Hero suenH-
JIOCh cpa3y HecKOJihKO qeJioBeK. B KOMHaTe norac cBeT.
3aBSI3aJiach OT'laSIHHaSI 6oph6a o.r:i:Horo qenoBexa c .r:i:e-
CSIThIO. CTpaHHO cKa3aTh, oHa npo.l(OJI:>Kanach 6onee qem-
6epmu tJaca·. OT CTparnHoro rnyMa, HecrnerocSI H3 KBap-
THphl, OT pyraTeJihCTB H npoKJISITHH IlnrnerpIO npoCHYJICSl
,L(OM, ynHua, sech xsapTaJI. 3a .r:i:sep1>10 cToJinHJIHCh JIIO,L(H,
ropHH'IHaSI pacTepSIHHO MeTaJiaCh c ~OHapeM. 0.l(HH H3
IlOJIHI.(eii:cKHX 6pOCHJICSI HaKOHel( IlOJJ: HOrH 11Hrnerpro, «en
lui pressant avec force Jes parties genitales»... rettepan
BCKpHKHYJI H CBaJIHJICSl Ha IlOJI. Ero CBSI3aJIH H CBst3aHHhIM
Ha HOCHJIKax IlOHeCJIH Ha .r:i:onpoc.

• Ha'faJibHHK DOJIHUHH rosopHJI, 'ITO HCCKOJibKO 'fCJIOBeK H3 0Tp$Ula O'feH&

noCTya.11ano s 3Toii 6opb6e •
• «CHJibHO C,!laBHB eMy DOJIOBbie opraHbl» (tjip.)

178
 XII.
HecKOJihKHMH JUUIMH no3nHee B eme 6onee Tpan1qec-
KHX ycJIOBHjJX (OHH, BepHO, BCeM naMjJTHbI) 6b1Jl apecTO-
BaH H )J{op:>K Kanynanh. nomn.i:Hg Bbic.lle.rurna onHoro H3
npH6JimKeHHhIX )J{op:>Ka. Eli cTano H3BeCTH0°, 'ITO 3TOT
tJeJIOBeK 3aqeM-TO HaHjlJl 3aKpbITbIH Ka6pHOJleT non HOMe-
poM 53 (B HeM Kanynanh non:>KeH 6hm nepeexaTh Ha
caMyJO Hane:>KHYIO H3 CBOHX KOHCIIMpaTHBHbIX KBapTHp).
9 MapTa, OKOJIO ceMH qacoB aeqepa, IlOJlHQeHCKHH Han-
3HpaTeJib KaHhOJib yBHnen Ha nnomanH Mo6ep Ka6p110-
neT HoMep 53. B Kyqepe no npnMeTaM Ch1m1tK Torqac
Y3Han JlepHnaHa, onHoro H3 yqacTHRKOB 3aroBopa. Ka-
llbOJib nocnenoBan 3a HMM, ycnoBB:bIMH c1trHanaMH non-
HHMag CbimHKOB H Ha.IJ;3HpaTeJieH, KOTOpbIMH 6yKBaJibHO
6bm HacMmeH Bech KBaprnn. HenaneKo or naHreoHa
OKOJIO Ka6pnonera on:yna-TO BblpOCJIO IljJTb qeJIOBeK.
OnnH H3 HHX Ha xo.ny OTBOpHJI ,llBepQbl H BCKoqHJI B
Ka6pHoneT, - KaHhOJih TaK M 3aMep: 3TO 6bm )J{op:>K. B
TY :>Ke ceKyH.ny ch1mnKOB 3aMeTHJIM cnyrHHKH Ka.ny.nang.
0.nMH H3 HHX, qro6hl o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe BO:>K,lljl, BCKpHK-
HYJI He CBORM ronocoM: «tfro 3To? tfro 3To?» .. Ka6p110-
ner noJIHbIM xonoM noHeccg no yJIHQe.
obrno 6e3yMneM B O.llMHO"qKy Hana.narb Ha )J{op:>Ka. Ho
B Taime MHHYTbl HllCTHllKT OXOTHHKa npeo.noneBaeT qyB-
CTBO caMocoxpaHeHng. KaHbOJib 6poc1rncg Bnepen H BCKO-
'IRJI Ha 3anHne peccopb1 Ka6plrnnera. )J{op:>K ero He BH.nen.
Beg opaBa nonnQeikKHx pnllynach B noroHJO 3a Ka6pH-
oneroM. ,ll;eJIO IIOillJIO Ha'IHCTOTy. no MOCTOBOM, no TpO-
TyapaM, co CBHCTOM, c KpHKaMH: «,L(ep:>KH! ,L(epxm! 3TO
)J{op:>K!. .» HCCJIHCb ChimHKH. JlereHnapHoe HMjl npOH3BO-
.IJ;HJ10 .non:>KHoe .nelicrnne: H3 npoxo:>Knx O.llHH 6pocaJIHCb B
110,llBOpOTHH, npyrHe IIpHCOe,llHffjlJIHCb K TIOrOHe. no CJIO-
BaM otJeBH.IJ;QeB, 3TO 6Mno O'leHh cTpamHoe 3penmne. Ha
yJIHQe Monsieur le Prince CbIII(HK E10cl>cl>e OTtJajJHHhIM

• JI HHI'.llC lie Mor Hail'l'H yKa3aHHH, KaKHM o6pa30M 3TO C'l"aJIO IlOJIHQHH
H3BecTHO HanoJieOH CK113aJI (HJIH o6MoJIDHJICll) '1epe3 MHoro JieT, '!TO :>KoplK 6b!JI
BblJlaH CBOHM TOBapHllleM, Ky<iepoM Ka6pHOJleTa! 3To yKa3aHHe TpY.llHO npHBecTH
B corJlacHe c HCKOTOpb!MH jpaKTaMH. Ho, c .11pyroll crOpOHhl, TPY.llHO npe.11-
IlOJIOlKHTb, '!TO 6e30WH601fHall naMlITb HMnepaTopa H3MCHHJia CMY B TRKOil nopa-
3HTCJ!bHOH no.11po6HOC'l"H. IlOBTOplllO, eC'l"b eme O'fCHb MHOro TeMHoro BO BCeM
3TOM .llCJIC .
.. Cy.11. OT'!., T. IV, CTp. 61.

179
 ycmmeM o6orHyn M'laBUJHHC.SI Ka6pHoneT H noBHC Ha y3.11.e
JIOUJa)J,H. )l(op)I( e IlHeTOJieTOM B Ka)l()J,OH pyKe BbleKOlJHJI
H3 Ka6pHoneTa H pa3M03)1(HJI ronoBy Cblll.lHKy. Ha Bb1pyq-
KY K TOBapmn:y, copBaBUJHeb c peeeop, 6poeHne.SI Ka-
HbOJib. f'epKynee MrnoBeHHO pa3.11.enane.S1 He HHM. Ho y)l(e
110.11.6eranH .11.pyrHe. )l(op)I( 6bm exBatJeH. C 3aroBopoM
6bIJIO KOHlJeHO.
Ka.11.y.11.anb coxpaHHJI nonHoe enoKotteTBHe. 0.11.HH H3
eJie)J,OBaTeJieH, paeeMaTpHBa.SI ero KHH)l(aJI, 3aMeTHJI KJieH-
MO Ha ne3BHH. «3TO KJieHMO aHrJIHHeKOH KOHTpOJibHOH
nanaTbl!» - eKa3aJI rny60KOMb1eneHHO eJie)J,OBaTeJib.
«0'1eHb BQ3M0)1(H0, BO cJ>paHu:y3eKyIO KOHTpOJibHYIO rrana-
TY .SI ero, BO Be.SIKOM enyqae, ue oT.11.aBan», - paBHO.IJ.YUIHO
OTBeTHJI )l(op)I(. «Bbl y6HJIH IlOJIHU:eHeKoro, y Hero oeTa-
JIHeb )Kena, .11.eTH!» - yKopH3Heuuo BOeKJIHKHYJI rrpecJ>eKT
IlOJIHU:HH. «0TtJero )Ke Bbl He nopy'IHJIH apeeTOBaTb MeH.SI
xonoeT.SIKaM», - TaK )Ke xna.11.uoKpoBuo B03pa3HJI Ka.11.y-
.11.anb. CoBepUieHuoe eaM006na.11.auHe )l(op)I( rrpo.SIBJI.SIJI BO
Bee BpeM.SI ey.11.e6uoro npou:eeea. Ono HHCKOJibKO ue H3Me-
HHJIO eMy H ua 3UiacJ>oTe.

XIII.
B eTapHuuou TIOpbMe TaMIIJib IlHUJerpro 6bma OT-
Be.11.eua 6onbUJa.SI KaMepa B rrepBOM 3Ta)l(e. Y )J.Bepeu ee
noeTO.SIHHO HaXO)J,HJie.SI qaeOBOH. f'eHepana He pa3 .11.orrpa-
llIHBaJIH. TaK )Ke KaK Ka)J.y)J.aJib, ou OTBe'laJI e 6oJihUJHM
.11.oeTOHHeTBOM. IlHUJerpro HHKoro He Bhl)J.an. Ha Bonpoeh1
no eym,eeTBY )J.ena OH B006m,e OTBelJaJI KpaTKO: «C'est
faux!». - 60Jibllle HHlJero. 0TKa3aJie.SI OH H IlO)J.IlHeaTb
npoTOKOJibl )J.OIIpoeoB. Ilo-BH)J.HMOMy, IlHUJerpIO Haxo-
)1.HJie.SI Bee BpeM.SI B eoeTO.SIHHH e)J.ep)l(aHHOfO 6ellleHeTBa ••.
)J;orrpallIHBanH ero Be)l(JIHBO, )J.a)l(e nOlJTHTenbHO. Ha-
MeKanH, lJTO )J.JI.SI Hero, B OTJIHlJHe OT Ka)J.y)J.aJI.SI, )J.eno,

' «3TO JIOJKbl» ( rfjp )

" TaK, Ha nepeoM ,11onpoce Iluwerpio cnpawuea10T. «Vos prenoms?» «Barne
eropoe HMll?» (rfip) On oTec'laeT «.le n'cn ai pas » «Y MeH11 ero HeT .» (rfip)
Ilpopeano ero, no-eimuMoMy, TOJibKO o;urn pa:l Ha eonpoc, JHaKoM JIH 011 c
reHepanoM Mopo, reHepan eocKJIHKHYJI «L'univers entier sail que je le connais'»
«Beeb MHp 3HaeT, 'ITO Mbl 3HaKOMbl'» ( rfip ) (Mopo 6blJI rnaBHblM copaTHHKOM
Iluwcrpio e ero noxo,11ax )

180
 no:>Ka11yH:, KoHqHTC» cpaBHHTeJihHO 611arono11yqHo, qTo
OH MO)l(eT 6hITb Ha3HaqeHHblM Ha cJiy)l(6y B KaKyIO-
HH6y,n:h ,n:aJieKyIO KOJIOHHIO, HanpHMep B re11aHy. Be-
po»THO, :no 6hIJI o6MaH, npHH»ThlH B TaKHX c11yqa»x
.n:11» no11yqeHH» OTKpoeeHHhlX noKaJaHHH. Qe11b, o.n:uaxo,
,n:OCTHrHyTa ue 6hIJia.
5 anpe11» eeqepoM IlmuerpIO noy)l(HHaJI, BhmHJI BHHa
H 11er B 06b1qHoe epeM» cnaTb. Ha c11e.n:y10ll\ee yTpo B
CeMh qacoB CTOpO)I( IJonOH BOilleJI Bero KaMepy. reHepaJI
cna11, Jie)l(a ua 6oKy, no,n:JIO)l(HB no.n: ro11oey pyKy. CTopo)I(
JaTonHJI KaMHH H y,n:aJIHJIC». Ho, no-BH,n:HMOMy, qTo-To
noKa3aJIOCb eMy CTpaHHhlM: TO JIM, qTo reuepaJI He npo-
CHYJIC», HJIH y)I( oqeHh THXO, CTpauuo THXO, 6bIJIO B
no11yTeMuou KaMepe. Ilo xpauueH: Mepe, qepe3 no11qaca
Ilonou peIIIHJI CHOBa BOOTH B KaMepy. IlHrnerpIO no-
npe)l(HeMy cnaJI CTOJib )Ke uenO.[(Bll)l(HO, B TOM )Ke nOJIO)l(e-
HHH, see TaK )Ke JaJIO)l(HB Ja ro11oey pyKy. CTopo)I( npH-
6JIH3HJIC» K xonKe ...
reHepaJI IlHIIIerpIO 6bIJI MepTB. J130 pTa y Hero
Top11a11 »JhIK. Boxpyr rneH 06eHea11acb JaT»HyTa» 11epua»
neTJI». B .n:pyrou xoueu; neTJIH 6hrna BCTaBJieHa .n:epe-
B»IIIKa.
MeMyaphI <l>orn-Eope11»• .n:a10T »cHoe npe.n:cTaBJieHHe
o cyMaToxe 11 eo11ueHHH, no.n:n»BIIIHXC» B :no yTpo 6 an-
pe11». TIOphMe cxopo cTa110 meecTuo, 'ITO 11Iap11h I1Hrner-
p10 HOqbIO noKOHqHJI caMoy611ncTBOM, H npHTOM caMhIM
ueo6bIKHOBeHHblM o6pa30M: OH y.n:aBHJI ce6» co6CTBeH-
HblM raJICTYKOM, 3aT»HYB neTJIIO Ha rnee Bpall\aTeJihHbIM
.[(BH)l(eHHeM pbI'lara, KOTOpblM eMy nocJiy)l(HJI o6py6oK
noJieHa H3 KaMHHa. 0.n:HoBpeMeHHO c 3TOH o<lmu;HaJihHOH
eepcHen rnenoTOM nepe.n:aeaJIH .n:pyryw, ell\e ropaJ.n:o 60-
11ee cTparnHyIO. 0Ha B TO )Ke yTpo BhlilOJIJJia HJ TIOpbMhI B
IlapH)I( 11 pacnpocTpaHHJiaCh no BceMy MHpy: reHepaJI
I1Hrnerp10 He y.n:aBHJIC» - ero y.n:aBHJIH no np11KaJy nep-
eoro KOHcy11a. KTo y.n:aBHJI - 06 3TOM rnenTa1111 pa3Hoe.
Ilo CJIOBaM 0.[(HHX, 'leTbipe MaMJIIOKa 6bIJIH HOqbIO BBe.n:e-
Hbl B TIOpbMy. Ilo CJIOBaM .n:pyrHX, .n:e110 BblilOJIHHJI na-
pH)l(CKHH na11a11 .

• 3TO TOT caMbIH <l>ow·6opeJib, KOTOpblH Kor.11a·TO, Ja ,llCBllTb JieT .110 Toro,
lIBHJICll K IlHwerplO c nepBbIMH npe,11J1mKeHHlIMH 6yp60HOB. On HCOlKH,llaHHO
nonan o TaMnJib ne3a,11onro .110 apeCTa Jarooopll\HKOB

181
 Mb1 3.n.ech no.n.xo,D,HM K o.n.Hoii H3 «Hepa3pemeHHhIX
3ara,noK HCTopHH». CTOJihKO pa3HhIX mo.neil:, ny6nm.i;H-
CTOB, IlOJIHTHqecKHX ,ne.SITeJieii, HCTOpHKOB, mo.n.en cephe3-
HbIX H .n.aneKo He ncer.n.a 3aHHTepecosaHHhIX, sepHJIO B
y6HHCTBO reHepana IlHmerpl-0, ''ITO TICHXOJIOrH'ieCKH .no-
BOJibHO TPY.D.HO npocTo OTMaxnyThC.SI OT 3Toit nepcHH.
rnaBHbIM, eCJIH He e,D,HHCTBeHHbIM, ,D,080,D,OM B ee Il0Jlb3Y
.SIBJI.SleTC.SI TO o6CTO.SITeJibCTBO, qTo IlOKOH'IHTb c co6oil:
yKa3aHHbIM BbIIIIe CTIOC060M nO'ITH HeB03MO:IKHO. flapa-
JIH'i BOJIH H C03HaHH.SI, Ka3aJIOCb 6hl, ,D,OJI)l(eH 6bIJI B
H3BeCTHbIH MOMeHT IlOJIOiKHTb KOHeI.J; npo1.1;eccy caMoy.n.y-
rneHH.SI, - pyKa nmuerpl-0 He Morna nepTeTh pbI'lar .no
HacTynJieHH.SI CMepTH. 3TO, 6eccnopHO, O'ieHh cephe3HbIH
.noso.n. Ho OH, co6cTBeHHO, 6beT - npan.na, c pa3HOH
CHJIOH - no o6eHM nepCH.SIM: eCJIH IlHrnerpl-0 6bIJI 3a.ny-
rneH, TO no'leMy JKe CTOJib XJia,D,HOKpOBHbie, 3apaHee TID;a-
TeJihHO nee 06,nyMaBrnHe y6HHI.J;hI pernHJIH cuMynHponaTb
caMhIH Henpan,nono.no6HhIH H3 ncex cnoco6on caMoy6H:H-
cTna?
0'1eHb MHOroe ronopHT peIIIHTeJihHO npOTHB npe.n-
noJIOJKeHH.SI 06 y6u:HcTne. TaKoro aTJieTa, KaK IlHrnerpl-0,
O'leBH,lJ,HO, HeJih3.SI 6hIJIO y,naBHTb 6e3 OT'ia.SIHHOH 6oph6bl,
6e3 CHJibHoro myMa. EcnH 6h1 reHepana xoTeJIH y611T1>, TO
ero, Hanepnoe, nepeneJIH 6h1 n Menee mo.nnoe MeCTO, 'leM
TaMnJib: no coce,ncTBy c n11rnerp1-0 )l(HJIH .npyr11e 3aKJil-O-
'leHHhie, - KaMepa Ka.ny,nan.SI 6b1Jia pacnoJIOJKeHa OT Hero
B .nsyx rnarax. 3aTeM B .neno no Heo6xo,n11MOCTH ,noJIJKHO
6hIJIO 6h1Tb IlOCB.SIU.J;eHO MHOro mo.neii, - npaBHTeJibCTBO
He Morno pHcKonaTb ornacKo:H TaKoro 3110,ne.SIHHSI. Ca-
MhIM JKe CHJlbHblM ,lJ,OBO,lJ,OM Ha.no npH3HaTh coneprneHHoe
OTCYTCTBHe CKOJibKO-HH6y,nh IlOH.SITHblX 1.1;ene:H y6HHCT-
Ba, - KaKHX «pa3o6na'leHHH Ha cy.ne» Mor 60.S1ThC.S1 nep-
BhIH KOHCyJI? Pa306Jia'leHH.SI MOrJIH 6bITb c,neJiaHbl
flHIIIerpl-0 H Ha ,D,OIIpocax; MOfJIH 6bITb OHH C,lJ,eJiaHbI H Ha
cy.ne .npyrHMH 3aronopm;HKaMH. CaM HanoneoH nnocne.n-
CTBHH Ha OCTpose CB. EneHbl no,nqepKHBaJI HMeHHO 3TOT
,lJ,OBO,lJ,.
)J,06asJ11-0 eme cne,ny1-0mee. Ha KaMHHe B KaMepe IlH-
rnerpl-0 neJKana KopeIIIKOM snepx KHHra CeHeKH. Otta
6bIJia pacKpbITa Ha TOH CTpaHHI.J;e, B KOTOpoit .npeBHHH
My,npe1.1; ronopHT, qTo fioJKeCTBO YMbllliJieHHO, «AA.SI Kpa-
182
coTbI JpeJimn:a», 3acTaB.m1eT Bemumx mo.neii 6opoThCSI c
T.SDKeJioii cy,nh60io. IlpH :noM CeueKa onHCbIBaeT, KaK
BCJie,n 3a no6e.noii lOJim1 I.1,e3apsi, BCJie.n Ja rH6eJibIO ,neJia
CBo6o,nbI IlOKOHqHJI c co6oii, Ha,neB Tpayp no po.n;HHe,
«nocJie,n;HHH pHMJI.SIHHH» KaToH YTuqecKHH. TaHHCTBeH-
Ha.si XHMH.SI CJIOBa, CKa3aBllla.SIC.SI B 3THX Y.nHBHTeJibHhIX
<lJpaJax Ha caMOM 6Jiaropo,nHOM H3 .Sl3blKOB, BepO.SITHO, B
MpaqHoli 6all1He TaMnJI.si xBaTaJia Ja .nyrny CHJibHee, qeM
B 06h1qHoii o6cTaHOBKe: «HeT, HHqero npeKpacHee He
BH,neJI Ha 3eMJie IOnHTep, qeM KaTOH, He corHyBllIHHC.SI H
He no6e:>K,neHHbIH Ha pa3BaJIHHax pecny6JIHKH. «IlyCTb, -
CKa3aJI OH, - nycTb Bee yxo.nHT no.u BJiaCTb .uecnoTa,
nyCTb BJia,llblqecTBYIOT Ha 3eMJie JierHOHbl I.1,e3ap.si, a Ha
BO,llaX ero Kopa6mt:, nycTb K ,[(Bep.SIM MOHM npH6JimKaIOT·
C.SI ero COJI,naTbl, - .SI Haii.uy ,nJI.SI ce6.si BepHbIH nyTb K
ocBo6o:>K,neHHIO. Meq KaToHa He Mor .uaTh cBo6o.uy po.nH·
He, Ho OH .nacT cBo6o.uy KaToHy ... »

XIV.

B HaCTo.simee BpeM.SI 60JibllIHHCTBO HCTOpHKOB, CKJIO·

H.Sl.SICb K o<lJmi;HaJibHOH BepCHH HanoJieOHOBCKoro npaBHTe-
JlbCTBa.' npH3HaIOT' qTo IlHlllerpIO y .naBHJIC.SI OT CTbl,lla,
OT yrpbI3eHHH COBeCTH, .na6b1 H36e:>KaTb cy.na, rpoJHBlllero
eMy Il030pOM. IJo BCeH BepO.SITHOCTH, OH H B CaMOM ,lleJie
IlOKOHqHJI c co6010, o6Hapy:>KHB B IlOCJie,ZJ;HHe MrHOSeHH.SI
HeqeJIOBeqecKyIO CHJIY BOJIH. Ho npHBO,llHMbie HCTOpHKa-
MH MOTHBbl ero caMoy6HHCTBa Bbl3bIBaIOT oqeHb cepbe3·
Hhie coMHeHH.SI. EcJIH I1nrnerp10 pellIHJI y.uaBHTbC.SI OT

• .[(OJJlKHO, OAHaKo, npH3HaTb, 'ITO B noli o$HUHaJJbHOli sepCHH ecTb HeKOTO·

pb!e npOTHBOpe'IHll B UOAp06HOCTllX, yCKOJJb3HYBlI!He, KallCeTCll, OT HCTOPHKOB.
TaK, ea'laJJbHHK nernona JKanAapMOB, renepan Casapn (a ero eeAeHHH 6b!Jla
TIOpbMa TaMUJJb), rosopHT, 'ITO AepeBllll!Ka, npH UOMOillll KOTopoli yAaBHJICll
nnll!erpJO, 6bIJ!a AJJHHOH B nane11 MelKAY TCM no o<j>HQHaJJbHOMY npOTOKOJJy,
notUIHcaHHOMY Cyue H DllTbJO APYrHMH spa'laMH, ::na AepeBllll!Ka 6b!Jla 15 can-
THMeTpoB AJJHHbl (no ApyroMy npOTOKOJJy- 40) no O<j>HUHaJJbHOH BCpcHH, yAaB·
JJCHHe 6b!JJO npoH3BCACHO spaIQaTCJJbHbIM ABHllCCHHCM ACpeBllll!KH, CTllffyBllleii
neTJJJO na ll!Ce null!erpio Caeapu JKe yTsepJKAaeT, 'ITO reuepan cna'lana Tyro
3aTllHYJJ raJJCT}'K, a 3aTeM BTOJJKHYJI ACPCBllllIKY MCJKAY ll!eeii H raJJCT}'KOM, -
OT'lero H nocneAosana cMepTb Kunra CeneKH, no cnosaM Casapn, 6&ma uaiiAena
Ha HO'IHOM CTOJJHKC KaMepbl no CJJOBaM O'ICBHAQa n&eppe, KHHra JICllCaJJa Ha
KaMnee ECTb H e111e 6onee CTpauu&1e uecoo6pa3HOCTH Ho see oen HH'lero ne
AOKa3b!BaJOT.

183
CTbIJJ.a, TO KHHra Ceuexw, HCTopm1 xouqwnhI KaTona YTH-
qecxoro, 6b1Jia JJ.OBOJibHO ueno)l.XOJJ.»LQHM JJ.JI» uero qTe-
HHeM. lJTO c Toro, qTo MeqoM IIOCJIY)l(HJia )l.Jl» uero
JJ.epeB»IUKa? IIHIUerpIO, Kouequo, BH)l.en B cBoeif CYJJ.b6e
cxo)l.CTBO c cy,nh6oif Kamna: «Libertalem, quam patriae
non potuit, Catoni dabit» •. HoBbIH IJ.e3apb IUeJI K oxpoBa-
BneuuoMy npecTony, - B ueM IlmnerpIO Mor npH3HaBaTb
TOJlbKO cqacTJIHBOro conepHHKa: HX QeJIH 6blJ1H npH6J1H-
3HTeJ1bHO paBHOQeHHbl. JlIO)l.eH CBHTbl OH )l.OCTaToquo
xopoIUO 3HaJ1 - OHH, BO BC»KOM cnyqae, 6bIJ1H uwqeM ero
ue nyqIUe. Ilepe)l. KeM )l.0J1)1(eH 6bIJ1 qyBCTBOBaTb CTbl)l.
IIHIUerpIO? KTo 6blJIH CYJJ.bH? Ero )l.onpaIUHBan TIOpHo,
0)1.HH H3 caMbIX HH3KHX JlIO)l.eH peBOJllOQHOHHOH 3IIOXH.
Ou 6hm cTopounHKOM Po6ecnbepa H cBoeBpeMeuuo ero
npe)l.an, nepeMeTHYBIUHCb ua CTOpouy TepMH)l.OpHaHQeB.
,r:i:ec»TbIO ro)l.aMH panhIUe on B KaqecTBe npe.nce)l.aTen»
KouBenTa npoH3HOCHJ1 cTpacTHble peqw o cBo6o.ne, paBeu-
CTBe H 6paTCTBe, a Tenepb, ua ponnx cne)l.OBaTen» npw
npaBHTeJlbCTBe «THpaua», IlO)l.Bepran IIblTKaM JlIO)l.eH, He
)l(eJiaBIUHX BbIJJ.aBaTb coo6LQHHKOB. B TOM )Ke poJJ.e 6h1J1H
H JJ.pyrwe, - Bee 3TH CaBapH, .ll:eMape, .ll:I06ya, PeanH,
CTO»BlUHH 3a HHMH B OT)l.aJieHHH <l>yIUe, - MOpaJibHa»
qepub, B03BOJJ.HBIUa» ua npecToJI EouanapTa nocne TbIC»-
qw KJ1»TB B Bequoif BepHOCTH pecny6JIHKe ...

IlpaB.na, IIHIUerpIO 6hln «H3MeHHHKOM». Ou nOJJ.H»n

opy)l(He npoTHB poJJ.HHbI. To )Ke caMoe, o.nnaKo, C)l.enana
BC» qipanQy3cKa» 3MHrpaQH», KOTopyIO Tenepb npHBJieKan
B CBOH narepb HOBbIH IJ.e3apb. To )Ke caMoe 1103,nuee
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184
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192
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poa H reHepaJioa, - a y)I( jl ,ll,OaOJibHO Ha HHX HaCMOT-
penacb, MeHjl He TaK JierKO npoaeCTH, KaK OHH .ll.YMalOT;
MHe ,ll,aa,ll,QaTH JieT He 6bIJIO, KOr,ll,a 6paT 6hIJI a nym;eM
cpaaepe, - HMnepaTpHu;a MeHjl oqeHb nacKaJia H oqeHh
nro6HJia. TaK noaepHTe JIH, cTapHKH, noKpbIThie xaaaJie-
pHjlMH, e,ll,aa TaCKaarnHe HOrH, HanepepbIB 6pocaJIHCb a
nepe,ll,HIOIO no,ll,aTb MHe CaJIOn HJIH TenJibie 6arnMaKH.
rocy,ll,apbIHjl CKOHqaJiaCb, H Ha .D.pyroii ,ll,eHb ,ll,OM MOH
onycTeJI, Mem1 6e)l(aJIH KaK 3apa3hI, 3HaeTe, npH cyMa-
crne,ll,rneM-TO • - H Te )Ke caMbie nepcoHhI ...
B eKaTepHHHHCKoe apeMjl Onhra AneKcaH,ll,poaHa )l(H-
Jia oqeHh aeceno. Tpy.D.HO, O.D.Haxo, noHjlTh, qTo, co6-
CTaeHHo, HMeJI a aH.D.Y repu;eH, KOr,ll,a roaopHJI 0 «CaTyp-
HaJIHjlX», a KOTOpbIX 6y.D.TO 6hI OHa yqacTaOaaJia aMeCTe c
rocy,ll,aphrneii. 0TKy.D.a y Hero MOrJIH 6bITb TaKHe cae,ll,e-
HHjl? 75-JieTHjljl Onhra AneKcaH,ll,poaHa, KOHeqHo, 06 3TOM
He CTaJia 6bI paccKa3bIBaTb MOJIO,ll,OMY qenoaeKy (a cym;-
HOCTH, H MaJI03HaKOMOMy), eCJIH ,ll,a)l(e ace 3TO 6bIJIO
qHCTOH npaa,ll,OH. BepOjJTHO, repu;eH KOe-qTo CJibIIIIaJI OT
caoero oTu;a, KoToporo cajlJhIBaJia c )l(epe6u;oaoii cTapajl
.D.PY)l(6a. B cTporoii ToqHoCTH 3THX paccKaJoa noJaOJIHTe-
JihHO, O,ll,HaKO, H COMHeaaTbCjl. 0 «CaTypHaJIHjlX)) HMnepa-
TPHQbl EKaTepHHhI Tpy6HJIH Ha ace Jia,ll,bI HHOCTpaHHbie
naMcpJieThI nepHO.D.a <l>paHu;y3CKOH peaonrou;HH. Ho K 06-
JIHqeHHjlM «CeaepHoii MeccaJIHHhI» a .D.o6po.D.eTeJihHhIX
HHOCTpaHHbIX naMcpJieTax HY)l(HO nO,ll,XO,ll,HTb no MeHhIIIeii
Mepe ocTopO)l(HO. Heo6xo.D.HMO cqHTaThCjl c abICOKHM
npou;eHTOM qHcToro H aecbMa paJajlJHoro apaHhjl. BeqHo
IOHOe JIHTepaTypHOe npOH3aO,ll,CTao, cneu;HaJibHO pa30-
6Jiaqarom;ee «TaHHbl 3HMHero ,ll,aopu;a» H TaHHbl aCjJKHX
.D.pyrHX ,ll,aopu;oa, no xaqecTay noqTH acer.D;a qpe3ab1qaifHO
HH3KO. B aoceMHa,ll,u;aTOM aexe K TOMY )Ke H aparH .D;aop-

' T. e npu HMnepaTope Ilaene I

7-5317
193
QOB OTHlO)J.h He OTJrnqaJIHCh CTporOCThlO HpaBOB. MonBa
ycHJieHHO 3aHMManach MMpa6o, ,[(aHTOHOM, ,[(eMyneHOM.
,[(o6aBJ1lO, qTo HH B O)J.HOM H3 npoH3Be)J.eHHH o6JIHqHTeJ1b-
HOH JIHTepaTyphI KOHQa XVIII BeKa si He BCTpeqan yKa3a-
HHii: Ha yqacTHe B «CaTyp11aJ1HSIX» )J{epe6QOBOH.
Onhra 3y6osa pa1-10 BhIIIIJia 3aMy)I( 3a AneKcaH)J.pa
AneKcaH)J.pOBMqa )J{epe61~osa, qenoseKa oqeHh po)J.OBHTO-
ro ()J{epe6QOBhI 3HaqaTcsi B EapxaTHoii: KHMre) M HMqeM He
3aMeqaTeJ1hHOrO. repQeH 0 HeM, IlO-BH)J.HMOMy, )J.a)l(e H He
cnh1xa11: rosopsi 06 Onhre AneKcaH)J.pOBHe (s nasnoBcKoe
speMsi), OH Ha3hrnaeT ee «MOJIO)J.Oii: B)J.OBoii: reHepana». B
)J.eii:cTBMTeJihHOCTH )J{epe6QoB B TY nopy 6hrn )l(HB M 6hIJ1
OH qeJIOBeK IIITaTCKHH, - na CTapOCTH KaMeprep H Taii-
Hh!H coseTHMK. Ho B cy)J.h6e OnhrM AneKcaH)J.pOBHhI ee
My)!(, IlO-BH)J.HMOMy, He Mrpan HHKaKOH pOJIH. )J{H3Hh ee B
QapcTBOBaHMSI EKaTepHHhI II M Ilasna I Tec1-10 cnneTaeTcsi
c )l(H3Hhl0 )J.pyroro qeJIOBeKa, IIIYMHasi CBSl3h c KOTOphIM
BBeJia B HCTOpHIO Onhry )J{epe6QoBy. ::ho 6h!J1 aHrnHHC-
KHH nocnaHHHK• B IleTep6ypre nop)J. qapnh3 YHrnopT.

II.
PycCKHH HCTOpHK (A)J.pHaHOB) fOBOpHT: «HOBhIH qpe-
3Bh1qaHHhIH IlOCOJl aHrJIHHCKHH 6bIJ1 qeJIOBeKOM eme co-
BCeM MOJlO)J.hIM; OH npHexan B IleTep6ypr, HMesi Bcero 28
neT OT po)J.y ... Coii)J.SICh c IlnaTOHOM 3y6oBhIM H qacTo
6hrnasi y Hero, YHTBOpT no3HaKOMHJicsi H c6JIH3Hncsi c ero
cecTpOIO. )J{epe6QOBa npOH3Bena Ha lOHOfO )J.HilJlOMaTa
HeOTpa3HMOe BneqaTJieHMe, HOH pellIHJl BO qTo 6hl TO HH
cTano 3aBJia)J.eTh ee cep)J.QeM» .....
Bee :no )J.OBOJlhHO HeToqHo. YMrnopT po)J.MJicsi B 1752
ro)J.y... H 6h!J1, CJle)J.OBaTeJlbHO, JleT Ha IlSITHa)J.QaTh CTap-
llle )J{epe6QOBOH. ,[(Ba)J.QaTH BOChMH JieT OT po)J.y OH eme
H )J.HilJlOMaTOM He 6h!J1, a CJ1Y)l(HJ1 y ce6si Ha pO)J.HHe nopy-
qHKOM B nepBoM nexoTHOM rnap)J.eiicKOM nonKy. MHoroe
MO)l(HO CKa3aTb H 0 CTpaCTHOM BJ1I06J1eHHOCTH «lOHOfO
)J.HilJlOMaTa» B )J{epe6QoBy. B. H. ronOBHHa B CBOHX
H3BeCTHhIX 3anHCKax npSIMO roBOpHT, KacaSICh )J.pyroro

' AHIJJHll 6b1Jla Tor,11a npe,11crnsneHa B PoccHH nocnaHHHKOM, a 11e nocnoM.

Olj>HUHanbHOe 3BaHHe YHTBOpTa 6&mo: «'lpe3Bbl'laHHbdi ynonHOMO'ICHllblH H 110·
cnaHIJHK».
" «HcTOpH'ICCKHii BecTHHK», 1895 r., T. 62, CTp. 845.
"' «Dictionary of National Biography», p. 61.

194
 poMaHa Ynrnoprn (c rpacpHHeif A. Ill. ToJicToif): «Ilo-
BH)J;HMOMy, B :now HHTpHre aHrJIHHCKHH nocJiaHHHK B
oco6eHHOCTH 6hIJI 03a6011eH TeM, 'IT06hI c6mf3HThCSI c
BeJIHKHM KHSI3eM AJiexcaH)J;pOM. Y YHTBOpTa 6hIJIH B TO
apeMSI pa3Hhie 3a6oThI 6oJiee cephe3Horo xapaKTepa. On
cTpeMHJICSI K HH3Bep:>KeHHIO IlaBJia I, corJiaCHBlliHCh MSI
:JToro (en se concertant pour cet objet) c xpacaamwii
0Jihroif AJieKcan)J;pOBHOH )l(epe6u.oBoH:, cecTpoH: 3y6oaa,
c KOTOpoif H y Hero 6h!Jia )J;aBHSISI CBSl3h» •.
C:Jp qapJih3 YnrnopT npwHa)J;Jie:>KaJI K )J;OBOJihHO 3HaT-
HOH ceMhe, HMeB111eH: )J;aBHHe CBSl3H c Poccweif. EpaT ero
)J;e)J;a (TO:>Ke qapJih3) 3aHHMaJI B Te'leHHe 111eCTH JieT )J;OJI:>K-
HOCTh anrnwH:cxoro rrocJiaHHHKa B IleTep6ypre w rroJih30-
aaJicsi 6JiarocKJIOHHOCThIO IleTpa BeJiwxoro; npw orhe3)J;e
IIOCJiaHHHKa u.aph IIO)J;apHJI eMy CBOH nopTpeT, yxpa111eH-
HhlH aJIMa3aMH. 0Teu. C3pa qapJih3a (H OH qapJih3) 6hIJI
'IJieHoM napJiaMeHTa H rry6JIHU.HCTOM. CaM YHTBOpT, KaK
w o6a ero 6paTa, m6paJI MSI ce6si aoemiy10 xaphepy.
OH 6hrn 3aMe11aTeJihHO xopo111 co6010. 0 ero xpacoTe
HanoJieon acrroMMHaJI na ocTpoae CB. EJieHhI. ,ll,aMhI B
pa3HhIX eBponeiicKMx CTOJIMU.ax cxo)J;lfJilf c yMa no YMT-
BOpTy. «Bo ace nepHO)J;bI ero :>KH3Hlf xopoJieBbI, repu.orMHlf
If rpacpHHH OCbIIIaJIH ero 3HaKaMH BHHMaHHSI», - coo6-
lll.aeTCSI B aHrJIHHCKOH CTaTbe 0 HeM. roBOpHJIH, 'ITO B
MOJIO)J;OCTH OH IlOJib30BaJICSI IIOKpOBHTeJibCTBOM caMOH
xopoJieBbI Mapnn AHTyaHeTThI. YnrnopT 6hlcTpo )J;OcJiy-
:>KHJICSI B rnap)J;HH )J;O 'IHHa IIO)J;IlOJIKOBHHKa, 3aTeM 11epe-
111eJI Ha )J;H11JI0MaTH11ecKy10 cJiy:>K6y. EMy noKpOBHTeJih-
CTBOBaJI 60Jibll10H aHrJIHHCKHH BeJihMO:>Ka, repu.or ,ll,op-
ceTCKHH. repu.or 6hlJI :>KeHaT Ha MOJIO)J;OH :>KeHI.U.HHe, KOTO-
paSI TO:>Ke O'leHh 6JiarOCKJIOHHO OTHOCHJiaCb K YHTBOp-
TY - )J;a)l(e HacTOJihKO 6JiarocKJIOHHO, 'ITO Bbmrna 3a Hero
3aMy:>K BCKope IlOCJie CMepTH repu.ora.
B Poccnn YHTBOpT npo6h!JI B Ka11ecTBe nocJiaHHHKa
)J;BeHa)J;u.a Th JieT. Y cnex ero y rreTep6yprcKMx )J;aM 6hlJI
cKa30'IHbIH. KpoMe )l(epe6u.oBoii, y Hero 6hIJI 3a11aTOK
poMaHa c KHsirwHeH: EJieHoH: Pa)J;3HBHJIJI•• If nacTOSILL\HH,
)J;OBOJibHO 6ypHbIH poMaH c rpacpwHeii A. 11. ToJicrnii, o
KOTOpOM paccKa3bIBaeT B. H. roJIOBHHa .... Ona pMcyeT
aHrJilfHCKOro IlOCJiaHHHKa XOJIO)J;HbIM COBpaTlfTeJieM.
Jlop)J; YMrnopT 6hIJI coBpeMeHHHKOM EaH:poHa . .ll:Jisi 6aH:-
poHOBCKoro reposi OH 6brn, no:>KanyH:, 11pe3MepHo pecneK-
' Souvenirs de la comtesse Golovine, Pans, 1910, p. 234.
" Bopoe1.1oecKHii apxHe, T. VIII, CTp. 37.
,.. "' Souvenirs.. , p. 195, 236, 271 H .11p.

195
Ta6eJieH, CJIIUIIKOM mo61m IlbllIIHbie ABOpbI H xopoIIIHe
AOJIJKHOCTH. 06e pyccKHe ero noKJIOHHHQbl, )J(epe6QOBa H
ToJicTa.si, nocJieAoBaJIH Ja HHM Ja rpaHHQy. Ho repQor
,lJ;opceTCKHH K TOMY BpeMeHH yMep; repQOrHH.sI H c HeH
TpirnaAQaTb TblC.sI'I cpyHTOB fOAOBOfO AOXOAa· :>KAaJIH
nocJiaHHHKa. OH :>KeHHJic.si qepeJ TpH HeAeJIH nocJie AeJia
I I MapTa. JifasecTHe 06 y611:HcTBe IlaBJia npHIIIJIO K cBaAh-
6e. JlopA YHTBOpT nocneIIIHJI AeneIIIe:H npHBeTCTBOBaTb
HOBoro HMnepaTopa, - OH ysep.si:JI AJiexcaHApa I, 'ITO
rOAhI, nposeAeHHhie B Pocc1111, 6bIJIH JIY'IIIIHM speMeHeM
ero :>KHJHH ... YHTBOpT H snocJieACTBHH :>KHJI qpeJBhI'laHHO
npH.sITHO: JaHHMaJI npexpaCHhie AOJI:>KHOCTH, noJiy'IHJI eme
rpacpCKHH THTYJI H O'leHb yBeJIH'IHJI COCTO.sIHHe CBoe:H :>Ke-
Hbl: K KOHQY ero AHeH HJ TpHHaAQaTH TbIC.sI'I cpyHTOB
roAOBoro AOXOAa o6paJoBaJioch TPHAQaTh n.si:Tb ThIC.sI'I.
IlOA KOHeQ CBOe:H AOJifOH :>KHJHH OH 6bIJI B AHrJIHH
nonyJI.sipeH, XOTb y Hero He 6bIJIO, KaK y HeKOTOpblX
COBpeMeHHblX JHaMeHHTOCTeH, cneQHaJibHbIX cexpeTape:H
no AeJiaM peKJiaMhI. Kax xopoIIIo socnHTaHHhIH tJeJioBeK,
OH rnepAO JHaJI Mepy H CJiellOBaJI HCnaHCKOH norosopxe:
«ECTb JOJIOTa.sI cepellHHa Me:>KllY MOfHJibHblM 6eJMOJIBHeM
11 6apa6aHHhIM 6oeM». BaJibTep CKOTT, KOTOpbIH HH'lero
He nOHHMaJI B JIIOll.sIX 6eJ JiaT H UIJieMOB, BOCTOp:>KeHHO
OTJhrnaeTc.si 06 YHTBOpTe. 3HaMeHHTOMY poMaHHcTy, no
ero xapaKTepy 11 BJrJI.si:AaM, 6hIJIO 6h1, snpo'leM, TPYAHO
OTJbIBaTbC.sI HeOA06pHTeJibHO 06 aHrJIHHCKOM rpacpe, noc-
Jie H KaBaJiepe OpAeHa EaHH. 3HaJI JIH'IHO rpacpa H 6pH-
TaHCKHH JieTon11ceQ TOH 3nox11 P3KCOJIJI. OH rosopHT o
My:>Ke repQOrHHH ,lJ;opceTCKOH OTHIOAb He BOCTOp:>KeHHO H
Aa:>Ke HaMexaeT Ha AeJia sechMa COMHHTeJihHbie. HanoJie-
OH, C'IHTaBIIIHH JIOpAa YHTBOpTa qpeJBhI'laHHO pecnex-
Ta6eJibHhIM aBaHTIOpHCTOM, 6bIJI, BepO.sITHO, Bcero 6JIH:>Ke
K HCTHHe.
JlFOllH, noAo6Hble YHTBOpTy, B TY nopy B AHrJIHH
HaJbIBaJIHCh «beau», - aHrJIH'laHe meroJI.si:JOT cppaHQyJc-
KHMH CJIOBaMH, KaK cppaHQYJbl merOJI.sIIOT CJIOBaMH aHr-
JIHHCKHMH. OxccpopACKHH CJIOBapb TaK nepeBOAHT 3TO
CJIOBo: «beau - 'leJioBeK, KOTOpb1:H o6pamaeT oco6oe HJIH
qpeJMepHOe BHHMaHHe Ha OAe:>KAY' BHeIIIHHH BHA, COQHaJib-
HblH 3THKeT (Ao6aBxa: c 'IJieHOM «a» nepeA CJIOBOM -
6oJihIIIo:H JIJ06HMeQ :>KeHmHH)». OllHH aHrnHHCKHH HCTO-

• no aurnHiiCKHM HCTO'IHHKaM. - C. P. Bopouuos rosopHT JIHIIIb o BOCbMH

TblCll'lax (BopouuoscKHii apxHB, T. IX, CTp. 388).
•• A. 6. Jl.-P. (KH. J106aHOB·POCTOBCKHii), «PyccKM CTapHHa», 1877 r., T. 18,
CTp. 574.

196
pHK IlOCBSITHJI JJ:BYXTOMHOe HCCJie,lJ;OBaHHe rJiaBHbIM beau
mu 3noxH: reopry IV, rpa<l>y EappHMopy, repu;ory Hop-
<PonhKY H ;::i:p. 06 YHTBOpTe OH B CBOeM Tpy;::i:e HH pa3y He
ynoMHHaeT; O'leBHJJ:HO, YHTBOpT K rJiaBHbIM BCe-TaKH He
npHHaJJ:Jie)l(aJI.
B pyccxoli HCTopHH Ha ;::i:omo 3Toro beau Bhlnana
TaHHCTBeHHasi:, JJ:O CHX nop ;::i:anexo He BO BCeM BblSICHeHHaSI
poJih. OH npHHHMaJI yqacTHe B no;::i:roTOBKe y6HHCTBa
HMnepaTopa Ilasna.

III.
Kax HJBeCTHO, B nocne;::i:HHe Mecsi:u;hl u;apcTBOBaHHsi:
IlaBJia I BOHHa MeX<;::i:y PoccHeli H AHrnHeii CTaJia coBep-
rneHHO HeHJ6e)l(HOH. Bonpoc CTaBHJICSI npH6JIH3HTeJihHO •
Tax: ecmi IlaBeJI 6y;::i:eT )l(HB, PoccHsi: BhICTynHT c <l>paHu;H-
eM: npoTHB BeJIHKo6pHTaHHH; ecJIH IlaBeJI cxoponocTH)l(HO
yMpeT, Poccm1 BhICTynHT c BeJIHKo6pHTaHHeii npOTHB
<l>paHIJ;HH. IlHTT H EoHanapT ;::i:aBaJIH ;::i:pyr ;::i:pyry B IleTep-
6ypre IlOJIHTH'leCKOe cpa)l(eHHe orpOMHOH Ba)l(HOCTH: HC-
XOJJ: ero peIIIHJicsi: B cnaJibHe MHxaM:noscxoro JaMKa B
HO'lh Ha 12 Maprn 1801 ro;::i:a.
Ilo-BHJJ:HMOMy, ew;e c KOHu;a 1799 ro;::i:a YHTBopT cTaJI
IlOJJ:03peBaTb (H Ka)l(eTCSI, He 6e3 OCHOBaHHSI), 'ITO IIIH<l>p,
KOTOpbIM OH IlOJib30BaJICSI JJ:JISI CHOIIIeHHH co CBOHM MHHH-
CTpOM, H3BecTeH pyccKOMY npaBHTeJibCTBY H 'ITO ero ;::i:e-
neIIIH nepmocTpHpyIOTCSI B qepHOM xa6HHeTe. IlocJiaH-
HHK, qeJIOBeK BeCbMa JIOBKHH, c;::i:eJiaJI COOTBeTCTBYIOW:He
npaKTH'leCKHe BblBOJJ:bI: B CBOHX IIIH<l>poBaHHbIX ;::i:enernax
OH pacTO'laJI IlOXBaJibl 6naropOJJ:CTBY H ;::i:o6po;::i:eTeJISIM
HMnepaTopa; HO K rnH<l>poBaHHhIM ;::i:enernaM, npeJJ:HaJHa-
'laBIIIHMCSI He CTOJibKO JJ:JISI 6pHTaHCKoro, CKOJibKO JJ:JISI
pyccxoro npaBHTeJibCTBa, OH ;::i:eJiaJI ew;e npHilHCKH CHM-
naTH'leCKHMH (HeBHJJ:HMbIMH) qepHHJiaMH. 3TH XHMH'leC-
KHe ;::i:enernH ;::i:o Hae JJ:OIIIJIH. B OJJ:HOH HJ HHX nop;::i: YHT-
sopT IlHIIIeT: «HaM Ha;::i:o 6b1Tb rOTOBbIMH KO BCeMy.
,[J;OJIX<eH CKa3aTb c CO)l(aJieHHeM, 'ITO HMnepaTop - cyMa-
Cllle,lJ;IIIHH B 6yKBaJibHOM CMbICJie CJIOBa (is literally not in
his senses). McTHHa 3Ta y)l(e MHoro neT HJBeCTHa 6JIH)l(aH-
IIIHM K HeMy JIJO)J;jJ:M, H SI CaM HMeJI He pa3 B03MO)l(HOCTh

' BBHllY nepeMeB'll!Boro xapaKTepa HMnepaTopa Ilaena cxeMa na MOlKeT

6b!Tb npH3BaHa TOnbJCO npu6nH3HTenbHOH.

197
1rnqHo s Heli y6e.n;ttThCSI. Ho c Tex ITOp KaK OH BCTYITHJI Ha
npeCTOJI, ero 6eJyMHe IIOCTerreHHO ycHJIHBaJIOCb».
EcTb MHOfO OCHOBaHHH .n;yMaTh, qTo HeBH)J;HMbIMH JIM
qepHttJiaMH HJIH KaK-Htt6y.n;h ttHaqe YttTBOpT coo6maJI
CBOeMy npaBHTeJihCTBY cse.n;eHHSI eme HeHJMepHMO 6oJiee
KoHqm.n;em~ttaJihHhie. Ho TOqHhrx .n;oKaJaTeJihCTB :noro
Mbl He HMeeM: B 6pttTaHCKOM MHHHCTepcTBe HHOCTpaHHbIX
.n;eJI KpOMe apxHBa, )J;OCTYIIHOro B HayqHbIX ueJISIX 1n6paH-
HHKaM, eCTh eme apxHB ceKpeTHeHIIIHH, K KOTOpOMY H ITO
HCTeqeHHH CTOJieTHH He .n;onycKalOTCSI HH HHOCTpaHHhie,
HH .n;a)l(e (HaCKOJibKO MHe HJBeCTHO) aHrJIHHCKHe HCCJie.n;o-
BaTeJIH. 0.n;HaKO H 6eJ )J;OKyMeHTaJihHbIX )J;OKaJaTeJihCTB
yqacTHe Jiop.n;a· YHTBOpTa B ITO)J;fOTOBKe uapey6HHCTBa
ITpe.n;cTaBJISieTCSI ITOqTH HecoMHeHHhIM ••. HaIToJieoH, KOTO-
pbrH qepeJ CBOHX areHTOB 6hIJI npeKpaCHO OCBe)J;OMJieH 0
rro.n;rOTOBKe 3TOfO .n;eJia, qyTh JIM He B JIHUO HaJhIBaJI
YttTBOpTa (oH 6hlJI srrocJie.n;cTBHH seJIHKo6pwTaHcKHM ITO-
CJIOM B TiapH)l(e) y6wH:ueH: HMrrepaTopa TiasJia. TaK )l(e
cMoTpeJio Ha co6hITHSI 11 MapTa pyccKoe o6mecrneHHoe
MHeHHe, TeCHO CBSIJbIBaBrnee pOJib 6pHTaHCKOfO IlOCJiaH-
HHKa B .n;eJie c poJihlO OJibrH AJieKcau.n;poBHhI )l{epe6-
uosoH:.
BoT, uanpttMep, qTo paccKaJbIBaJI B rJiy6oKOH cTapo-
CTH KHSIJh TI. TI. JlonyxHH, 6paT <iJasopHTKH HMrrepaTopa
TiaBJia AHHbl TieTpOBHbI rarapHHOH:
«KHSIJh JlonyxwH rny6oKo y6e)l(.n;eu B uenocpe.n;cTBeH-
HOM yqaCTHH aHrJIHHCKOfO npaBHTeJihCTBa B KOHqHHe HM-
ITeparnpa TiaBJia. YwrnopT qepeJ ITocpe.n;crno 0. A. )l{e-
pe6uosoH: 6hlJI B cuorneHHSIX c JarosopmwKaMw; B ee .n;oMe
npottcxo.n;HJIH c6opttma; qepeJ ee pyKH .D:OJI)l(Ha 6hrna
npOHTH cyMMa, HaJHaqeHHaSI B Harpa)l()J;eHHe Ja y6HHCTBO
HJIH ITO MeHhIIIeH Mepe Ja OTCTpaHeHHe HMrrepaTopa TiaB-
Jia OT ITpeCTOJia ... 3a HeCKOJihKO .n;HeH .n;o 11 MapTa )l{epe6-
UOBa uarnJia 6oJiee 6eJorracHhIM .D:JISI ce6SI yexaTh Ja rpa-
Hm~y H B EepJIHHe BhI)l(H,lJ;aJia wcxo.n;a co6hITHH... KaK
TOJibKO HJBeCTHe 0 KOHqHHe HMITepaTopa TiaBJia )J;OIIIJIO
.n;o EepJIHHa, )l{epe6uosa OTrrpaBHJiaCh .n;aJihIIIe, s JloH-
.n;oH. TaM oua ITOJiyqwna OT aHrnwlicKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa
cyMMy, COOTBeTCTBOBasrny10 .D:BYM MHJIJIHOHaM py611eH:.
3TH .n;eHhfH )J;OJI)l(I-lhl 6hIJIH 6bITb pacnpe.n;eneI-IhI Me)l(.n;y
JaroBopmttKaMH, B oco6eHHOCTH Me)l(.n;y TeMH, KOTOpbie

• THTYJJ nopna (Baron Whitworth of Newport Pratt) 011 nony'IHJJ JJHWb e

Matne 1800 r. - no xonaTaiicTBy HMnepaTOpa Ilaenal
•• Y6eAHTeJJbHble DCHXOJJOrH'lecICHe AOKa3aTeJlbCTBa MOlKHO HaiiTH B DllTOM
TOMe apXHBa H. II. IIaHHHa.

198
 IIpMHMMaJIM HaM6oJiee .n;eRTeJihHOe yqaCTMe B y6MttCTBe.
Ho )J(epe6l{OBa npe.n:no11Jia y.n;ep)J(aTh Bero cyMMY 3a co-
6010, 6y.n;yqM yBepeHa, qTo HMKTO He OTBa)J(MTCR Tpe6o-
Ba Th 3acJiy)J(eHHOfO B03Harpa)J(.n;eHMR» •.
,D;o Hae .ll:OllIJIO M MHOfO .n:pyrMX paccKa30B B TOM )Ke
po.n:e - 0 rpy.n:ax aHrJIMHCKOfO 30JIOTa, 0 CUHeRX, KOTO-
phlMM 6y.n;TO 6b1 me.n:po ChIIlaJI B 1800 ro.n:y YMTBOpT,
HaHMMaR y6Mttl{ MR MMnepaTopa TiaBJia. Cephe3Hhie MC-
cJie.n;oBaTeJIM yTBep)J(.n:aroT M no ceii .n;eHh, 'ITO Bech .n;oM
)J(epe6l{oBhIX, r.n:e 6hma reHepaJihHaR KBapTMpa 3ar0Bop-
1UMKOB, co.n:ep)J(aJICR Ha cpe.n;cTBa aHfJIMHCKOfO nocJiaH-
HMKa. 0Jihra AJieKcaH.n;poBHa, ee MY)J( M 3y6oBhI npMHMMa-
JIM rocTeii, a Jiop.n: YMTBOpT rnrnTMJI 3a nMphI. «KaK
.n:)J(eHTJihMeH, - roBopMT C. A.n;pMaHoB, - YMTBOpT cqM-
TaJI .ll:JIR ce6R HenpMJIM'IHhIM nMpOBaTh Ha cqeT My)J(a
cBoeii Jiro6oBHMl{hI M caM 3a Bee pacnJiaqMBaJICR . .6Jiaro-
.n:apR HeMCCRKaeMoMy KomeJihKY 6Jiaropo.n;Horo Jiop.n:a, no
Be11epaM B .n;oMe Ha AHrJIMHCKOH Ha6epe)J(HOH maMnaHc-
Koe JIHJIOCh peKOH M fOCTM HaCJia)J(.n;aJIMCh BCeMM 3aTeRMM
cppaHl{Y3CKOH racTpOHOMMM».
B 3TMX paccKa3ax MHoro HaMBHoro M HeBepHoro. Kor-
.n:a 3y6oBhl noJiy'IMJIM pa3pemeHMe BepHyThCR B CTOJIMl{y,
YMrnoprn B TieTep6ypre y)J(e He 6hlJIO. Coo6meHMe o
.ll:BYX MMJIJIMOHax, 3a.n;HMM 'IMCJIOM ynJia'leHHhIX 6pMTaHc-
KMM npaBHTeJihCTBOM B B03Harpa)J(.n;eHHe 3a y6MHCTBO
pyCCKOfO l{apR M noJIO)J(eHHhIX )J(epe6l{OBOH B CBOH Kap-
MaH, e.n;aa JIM CTOMT onpoaepraTh. B npe.n;cTaBJieHMM MHO-
cTpaHl{eB aHrJIMHCKMH Jiop.n: Bcer.n:a HeCMeTHO 6oraT, 11pe-
3BhI'laHHO me.n;p M ChIIlJieT fMHeRMM HanpaBO M HaJieBO.
PyccKMM coBpeMeHHMKaM MOrJio Ka3aThCR, qTo YMTBOpT
eme .n:o 3aroBopa 11yTh JIM He co.n;ep)J(aJI )J(epe6l{oBy M BCIO
ee ceMhIO. KaK MhI yBM.ll:MM, B 3TOM HeT HH cJioBa npaB.n;hI.
Bonpoc 0 TOM, KTO KOfO «co.n:ep)J(aJI>>, oqeHh Hy)J(.n:aeTCR B
nepeCMOTpe. )J(epe6l{OBhl 6hIJIM 6oraThl M B fMHeRX He
HyX<.n;aJIMCh. KHR3h TinaTOH 3y6oB 6blJI O.lJ:HMM M3 6ora-
TettlliMX JIIO.n;eii B PoCCMM: OH OCTaBMJI OKOJIO .n:aa.n;l{aTM
MMJIJIMOHOB py6neii. A nop.n: YMTBOPT e.n;Ba JIM npMHa.n;-
JieX<aJI K TeM JIIO.ll:RM, KOTOpble oqeHh TpaTRTCR Ha X<eH-
IUMH. «HeMCCRKaeMhIH KOllieJieK 6naropo.n;Horo nop.n:a» -
3TO KJIMllie, nepe6paarneecR B MCTOpMIO M3 nJIOXOH JIMTe-
paTyphl.
Onhra AneKcaH.n;poBHa, KaK cecTpa onaJihHhIX 3y6o-
BhIX, ecTeCTBeHHO, .n;OJI)J(Ha 6hma CO'IYBCTBOBaTh 3aroao-

• C. IlaH'IYJJH.!13eB. HcTOpHll Kasaneprapnos, T. II, CTp. 263.

199
py. Bee TpH ee 6paTa npHHHMaJrn 6JIH3Koe yqaeTHe B .n;ene
11 MapTa. rpa<l> HHKOJiaH 3y6oB 6bIJI .n;a:lKe, KaK H3BeeTHO,
O,D;HHM H3 <l>H3HqeeKHX y6HHIJ; HMnepaTopa.
l1eKpeHmu1 H eTpaeTHaSI mo6oBh )l{epe6n;oBoif: K YHT-
BOPTY 3aeTaBHJia ee Been;eno OT.D;aTheSI 3ar0Bopy. Ilepe-
o.n;eTaSI HHI.IJ;eHKOH, OHa XO,D;HJia OT O,D;Horo 3aroBOpI.D;HKa K
.n;pyroMy H nepe.n;aBana nopyqeHHSI. nhITh MO:lKeT, MSI
:noro He Tpe6oBanoeh nepeo.n;eBaTbeSI HHI.IJ;eHKOH. Ho TaK
BhIXO.n;HJIO eI.IJ;e poMaHTHqHee. BnpoqeM, H 6e3 Toro BhIXO-
.n;HJIO .n;oeTaToqHo poMaHTHqHo. TeM 6onee qTo poMaHTH-
Ka nerKo Morna KoHqHTbeSI Taif:Hoif: KaHIJ;eJISipHeif:.
Taif:HaSI KaHIJ;eJISipHSI, npaB.n;a, 6bma no,n;qHHeHa rnaBe
3aroBOpI.D;HKOB rp. naneey. Ho MOrJIH 6hITb BeSIKHe erop-
npH3bl. «YqaCTBOBaTb B 3ar0Bopax Bee paBHO qTo naxaTh
Mope», - roBOpHJI OOJIHBap, KOTOpbIH BeJO :lKH3Hb TO-
JibKO 3THM H 3aHHMaJieSI. CoBeprneHHOH HeO:lKH.n;aHHOCThJO
,D;JISI 3aroBOpI.D;HKOB 6hIJia BhiehIJIKa H3 IleTep6ypra nop.n;a
YHTBOpTa, noene.n;oBaBIIIaSI no npHKa3y n;apSI B Mae
1800 ro.n;a.
nhITh MO:lKeT, HeeMoTpSI Ha HeBH.D;HMhie qepHHJia, Ha
nepeo.n;eBaHHSI, Ha Bero KOHenHpan;HJO, IlaBeJI I eMyTHO
.n;ora,n;bIBaJieSI o poJIH aHrJIHHeKoro noenaHHHKa. KaK
6hI TO HH 6bIJIO, e BeeHbl 1800 ro.n;a HaqHHaeTeSI pH.a;
.n;eif:eTBHH, e.n;Ba JIH He 6eenpHMepHbIH B HeTOpHH .n;H-
IlJIOMaTHqeeKHX eHOIIIeHHH Me:lK.n;y BeJIHKHMH .n;ep:lKaBaMH.
AHrJIHSI H,D;eT Ha BeeB03MO:lKHhie yHH:lKeHHSI, qT06b1 H3-
6e:lKaTh BOHHhI e PoeeHeif:.
EpHTaHeKoe npaBHTeJibeTBO npHebmaeT B IleTep6ypr
oeo6oro ynoJIHOMoqeHHoro ,D;JISI pa3peIIIeHHSI B03HHKIIIHX
He.n;opa3YMeHHH. YnoJIHOMoqeHHhIH nHrneT o.n;Ho 3a .n;py-
rHM HeeKOJihKO nHeeM PoeTonqHHY e npoeh6oif: o npHe-
Me - H He nonyqaeT HHKaKoro OTBeTa. OH o6paI.IJ;aeTeSI e
TOH :lKe npoeb60H npSIMO K n;apJO H nonyqaeT OTBeT: eMy
npe,D;JiaraeTeSI yexaTb Ha3a.n; B AHrJIHJO. IloqTH o.n;HoBpe-
MeHHo HMnepaTop npe.n;nHebrnaeT pyeeKOMY noeJiaHHHKY
B JloH.n;OHe rp. C. P. BopoHn;oBy noKHHYTh BeJIHKo6pHTa-
HHJO. BopoHn;oB, .n;aBHO eqHTaJOI.IJ;HH IlaBJia qeJioBeKoM
HeHOpMaJibHbIM, e.n;aeT .n;eJia eoBeTHHKY JlH3aKeBHqy, a
eaM oeTaeTeSI B AHrJIHH B KaqeeTBe qaeTHoro JIHn;a. Jlop.n;y
YHTBOPTY IlaBeJI npHKa3hIBaeT HeMe,D;JieHHO y6HpaTheSI H3
PoccHH. PaeeTpoeHHhIH YHTBOpT npoeHT pa3perneHHSI
oeTaBHTb B IleTep6ypre XOTb eeKpeTapSI noeOJiheTBa, qTo-
6hI H36e:lKaTh nonHoro pa3pbrna. Pa3perneHHe .n;aeTeSI H
TOTqae :lKe OT6HpaeTeSI, - BeJO 6pHTaHeKyro MHeeHJO
BbiehIJiaJOT qyTh TOJibKO He no 3Tany. IlOJIHIJ;HSI npOB0-
200
:>KaeT noeJiaHHHKa .no 3aeTaBbl H TaM 3aCTaBmleT :>K,l{aTb
naenopToB. BeeM Haxo.n.sn.QnMej( B Poeeuu aurnuH:exnM
xyn.QaM npe.nnueb1saeTej( npe,neTaBHTb «nMeHHj( eBoero
6anaHeb1»; Ha 6puTaHexue xopa6nu HanaraeTej( 3M6apro;
3Knna:>K ux CCbIJiaeTej( BO BHyTpeHHne ry6epHun. B Aur-
nuu B 3TO BpeMj( Haxo,nuTej(, KaK 6b1 HapoqHo .l{Jlj( penpee-
eanuH:, BoeeMHa,nQaTb Tblej(q pyeeKHX eon,naT H flj(THa,n-
QaTb BOeHHbIX KOpa6neH:. 3To 6bIJIH oeTaTKH eun, ,neHCT-
BOBaBIIIHX npOTHB <l>paHQHH B 1799 ro.ny°.
YJHaB 060 BeeM, qTo npouexo.nuno B Poccuu, eoBeT-
HHK Jlu3aKeBuq, IIO-BH.l{HMOMy, eoBeeM IIOTepj(BIIIHH ro-
JIOBY' eaM npHrOTOBHJI .l{Jlj( ee6j( naenopT H no.n BbIMbllll-
JieHHbIM nMeHeM 6e:>Kan H3 Aurnu11 . .LJ:ena OH nepe.nan eo-
CTOj(BIIIeMy npu noeonheKoif QepKBH eB.sn.QeHHHKY CMHp-
HoBy. Ha enyqaif, eenu 6b1 aurn11qaue yJHaJIH 06 11eqe3-
HOBeHHu pyeexoro .nunnoMaTuqeexoro npe.neTaBHTCJij(,
CMnpHOB .non:>Keu 6hIJI OTBeqaTb, qTo JlnJaKeBuq yexan Ha
,naqy. K BenuxoH: pa.noeTu EoHanapTa, pa3yMeeTej(, npu-
JIO:>KHBIIIero KO BeeMy 3TOMY pyxy, BOHHa Me:>K.ny AHrn11eH:
u PoccueH: eTana .nenoM peIIIeHHbIM. 11MnepaTop TiaBeJI
noenan ,na:>Ke B Tiapu:>K BOeHHbIH nJiaH, Bbipa6oTaHHbIH UM
.l{Jljl pyxoBo,neTBa HanoneoHy.
Ho, xaK eKa3an KTO-TO H3 6pnTaHeKux roey,napeTBeH-
HbIX mo.neH:, AurJIHj( BO Bee speMeHa, BO Bcex BoeHHbIX u
,nHIIJIOMaTnqeeKHX eTOJIKHOBeHHj(X Tepj(eT Bee epa:>KeHHj(,
xpoMe noene,nHero. B HO% Ha 12 MapTa 1801 ro.na HM-
nepaTop TiaBeJI «eKoponoeTH:>KHO eKoHqaJiej( OT anonneK-
euqeexoro y.napa».
Onbra AnexeaH,nposua 6e:>Kana 113 TieTep6xpra Ja rpa-
HHQY 3a HeKOTopoe BpeMj( .no Qapey6uifeTBa •. Tio-BH,nH-
MOMy, rpacp Tianeu .nan BOBpeMj( 3HaTb )l(epe6QOBOH, qTO
e10 JanHTepeeoBanaeh TaH:Haj( KaHQeJij(pHj(. J13seeTue o
KOHqnHe TiaBna I Onhra Anexeau,npOBHa nonyquna B
EepnuHe Ha 6any y npyeexoro xopoJij(. BeeTb 3Ta ee TaK
o6pa,noBana, qTo oHa TYT :>Ke e BoeToproM o6'hj(BHJia o

' Bnpo'!eM, pyccxa11 3CJCa,npa eaxo.nHJiaci. y 6eperos AerJUIH H paei.we. 3a

eexoTopoe speMll .no Toro s 6puTaecxoM cj>noTe, BCJie,nCTBue cyposoro o6paweBHll
ea'!aJibCTBa H BCJie,nCTBHe pesomo~OHBOH nponarae,nbl, BCnhlXByJio cepi.e:JBoe
BOCCTaBHe, ICOTOpoe OOCTaBHJIO AerJIHlO B caMoe ICpHTH'lecJCoe OOJIOllCeBHe. IIHTT,
'!eJIOBeJC, HaCTpoeHHblii, JCaJC H3BeCTHO, BOOJIBe <<BaQllOHaJibBO», C'leJI B03MOllCHblM
B HCICJl10'1HTeJibHhlX 06CT011TeJ1bCTBaX o6paTHThCll 3a DOMOIIn>IO IC PYCCICHM MOpc-
ICHM CHJiaM. rp. Bopoenos CBOOH BJiaCThlO, He CHOCllCb C IIenp6yproM, y,noBJieT·
sopHJI npoci.6y 6pHTaecxoro npeM&epa.
" IIO CJIOBaM roJIOBJCHHa, OHa 6b1Jla BblCJlaHa HMnepaTOpoM 22 llHBapll 1800
ro.na (Comte Fedor Golowkin. Lacour et le regne de Paul I, Paris, 1905, p. 225).
3To OJIOXO cornacyeTCll c HeJCOTOpbIMH .npyrHMH CBH.neTeJlbCTBaMH. Db!Tb MOllCeT,
)l(epe6nosoii no3,neee 6b1Jlo palpeweeo sepeync11.

201
Heil roCTSIM, 'leM Bhl3BaJia 60JihllIOH CKaH.n;aJI. TipyccKHH
KOpOJih 6hlJI y6eX<.n;eHHhlH MOHapXHCT, H pa.n;OCTh, 06-
HapyX<eHHasi: pyccKOH .n;aMOH no cnyqa10 y6HHCTBa ee HM-
nepaTopa, noKa3aJiaCb eMy B BhlCIIIeH CTeneHH HenpHJIH'l-
HOH. repQeH roBOpHT, 'ITO )J(epe6QOBOH 6hIJIO npHKa3aHO
B 24 qaca BhiexaTh H3 TipyccHH. 3To e.n;Ba JIM BepHo. EcTh
CBH,ll;eTeJihCTBO 0 TOM, 'ITO OHa HaXO,ll;HJiaCh B EepJIHHe
ern:e B w10ne 1801 ro.n;a.
U:enh Onhrn AneKcaH.n;poBHhI 6bma .n;ocTwrnyrn. 0Ha
Toponwnacb B AHrJIHlO, r.n;e ee .n;onX<eH 6hm OX<H.n;aTh
YHTBOpT, pa.n;H KOTOporo OHa B TetfeHHe ,ll;OJirHX MeC.si:l(eB
eX<e.n;HeBHO pHcKoBaJia Ka3Hhl0. B .n;eiicTBHTeJihHOCTH )J(e-
pe6QoBy X<,ll;aJI y.n;ap, IlOTp.SICIIIHH ee Ha BClO )l(lf3Hh: qepe3
HeCKOJihKO .n;tteii nocne 6ana y npyccKoro Kopon.si: oHa
nonyqwna H3BeCTHe o X<eHHTb6e nop.n;a YHTBOpTa Ha rep-
QornHe )J;opceTcKoii.

IV.
B HlOJie 1801 ro.n;a rp. C. P. BopoHQOB, BHOBh yrnep-
X<.n;eHHhIH nocne y6Hiicrna TiaBJia I B .n;oJIX<HOCTH pyccKoro
nocnaHHHKa B AHrnHH, nwcan (no-cppaHQY3CKH) CBOeMy
6paTy:
«HaM 3,ll;eCb rp03HT IlO.SIBJieHHe O,ll;HOH cyMacIIIe.n;IIIeH
X<eHW:HHhl, c KOTOpoii .SI He3HaKOM H KOTOpa.si: ,ll;OJIX<Ha
c10.n;a npH6hlTh B .SIHBape, - pa3Be TOJihKO ee po.n;Hble B
PoccHH y6e.n;.si:T ee oTKa3aTbc.si: OT :noro cyMac6po.n;crna.
3To rocnoX<a )J(epe6QoBa. 0Ha paccKa3hrnaeT KaX<.n;oMy
BCTpetIHOMY 0 CBOeH CB.Sl3H c JIOp,ll;OM YHTBOpTOM H HMeeT
6eCCThl,ll;CTBO X<aJIOBaTbC.SI Ha TO, 'ITO ee Jil060BHHK X<eHHJI-
C.SI. 0Ha YTBepX<.n;aeT, 6y.n;To OH eii .n;onX<eH .n;eHhrH, H
co6wpaeTc.si:, npH6hlB c10.n;a B .si:HBape, B3hICKaTh c Hero
.n;onr. B HacTo.si:rn:ee BpeM.si: oHa Haxo.n;HTC.si: B EepJIHHe H
TaM .n;ocaX<.n;aeT BCeM aHrJIH'laHaM CBOHMH HenpHJIH'IHhl-
MH X<ano6aMH ... Bee nHChMa, npHxo.n;.si:rn:He H3 EepnHHa,
paccKa3bl npH6hlBalOW:HX OTTy.n;a nyTeIIIeCTBeHHHKOB pac-
npocTpaH.SllOT no JIOH,ll;OHY CBe.n;eHH.SI 0 HenpHJIH'IHhlX Bhl-
xo.n;Kax 3TOH cyMaCIIIe.n;IIIeH. 3.n;ecb OTKa3bIBalOTC.SI no-
HSl:Th, KaKHM o6pa30M .n;aMa H3 xopoIIIero o6rn:ecTBa, 3a-
MYX<H.si:.si:, HMe10rn:a.si: .n;eTe:H, C03HaeTc.si: B cBoe:H n1060BHOH
CB.Sl3H H BbipaX<aeT OT'la.SIHHe no TOMY cnyqa10, 'ITO He
MOX<eT npo.n;oJIX<aTb npeX<HHX OTHOIIIeHHH co CBOHM Jil0-
6oBHHKOM, TaK KaK OH X<eHHJIC.SI» •.

• BopoHUOBCKHli apxue, T X, cTp 113

202
 Onhra AneKcaH.n:poBHa .n:eifcTBHTeJihHO CKopo noSIBH-
nach B AHrJIHH. qTo npoH3ornno .n:anee? qeM KOHqHJIOCh
.n:eno Me:>K,n:y HeIO H YHTBOpToM? MaTepHanoB ,n:nS1 OTBeTa
y MeHSI oqeHh Mano. JleTonHceQ TOH 3noxH P3Kconn,
roBOpSI o nop.n:e YHTBOpTe, BCKOJih3h ynoMHHaeT, qTo
nocne ero :>KeHHTh6hl Ha repQornHe ,n:opceTCKOH eMy npH-
rnnoch HCilhITaTh MHOro HenpHSITHOCTeH co CTOpOHhl
«rpaqmHH )J(epe6QoBoif» (Gerbetzow), Kornpoif OH 6ymo
6b1 o6e~an B cBoe BpeMSI pyKy H cep,n:Qe. Ilo cnoBaM
aHrJIHHCKOro IlHCaTeJISI (P3KCOJIJI, B o6~eM, HMeeT pe-
IlYTaQHIO npaBL(HBOro qenoBeKa), MOCKOBHTCKaSI rpaq>HHSI
B neTep6yprcKHH nepHo,n :>KH3HH nop.na YHrnopTa HMena
K HeMy TaKoe npucmpacmue (partiality), qrn «B 3HaqHTenh-
HOH Mepe CHa6:>Kana, o,neBana H co.nep:>Kana ero ,noM Ha
CBOH cqeT» (pa,nH 6yKBaJihHOCTH nepeBo,na MHpIOch c ero
HeyKJIIO)l(eCThIO). MhI BH.ll:HM, cne,n:oBaTeJihHO, qTo nocTa-
BJieHHhIH paHhIIIe Bonpoc 0 TOM, KTO Koro co.nep)l(aJI,
aHrJIHHCKHM IlHCaTeJieM pernaeTCSI COBeprneHHO He TaK,
KaK pyccKHMH. «Tpe6oBaHHSI rpacpHHH, - .n:o6aBJISleT
P3Kconn, - 6hIJIH CJIHIIIKOM .nenuKaTHoro u CJIHIIIKOM
cepH03HOro xapaKTepa ,ll;JISI Toro, qT06hI HMH MO:>KHO
6hIJIO npeHe6pe%». Il03TOMY repQOrHHSI JJ:opceTCKaSI co-
qJia Heo6xo,nHMhIM 3anJiaTHTh «rpacpuHe )J(epe6QoBoH»
,neCSITh ThlCSlq cpyHTOB CTepJIHHroB H TaKHM o6pa30M
«npHo6peJia CilOKOHHOe IlOJih30BaHHe CBOHM My:>KeM».
3To ,neJIHKaTHOe MecTo B MeMyapax P3KCOJIJia, KCTaTH
CKa3aTh, Bhl3BaJIO IlOCJie HX IlOSIBJieHHSI B CBeTe npoTeCT co
CTOpOHhl 0).:(Horo H3 6puTaHCKHX peQeH3eHTOB., KOTOpbIH
o6H,neJICSI Ja Jiop.na YHTBoprn. He OTpHQaSI «npucTpaCTHSI»
MOCKOBCKOH rpacpHHH K Jiop.ny, peQeH3eHT peIIIHTeJihHO
3aS1BJIS1eT, qTo Jiop.n HHKaK He Mor o6e~aTh rpacpuHe Ha
Heii JKeHHThCSI, H6o rpacpHHSI 6hma 3aMy)l(eM. 3aMeqaHue,
He JIHIIIeHHOe OCHOBaTeJihHOCTH. Ilo MHeHHIO peQeH3eHTa,
,neHe)l(Hhie C'leTbl Jiop.na c rpacpHHeH MOrJIH CBO,ll;HThCSI
JIHlllh «K o6MeHy no.napKaMH, CTOJib o6bI'IHOMY Me)l(,ny
BJII06JieHHhIMH». He CTOHT 6oJiee no.npo6Ho paccMaTpH-
BaTh 3TOT Bonpoc. ~ )l(eJiaJI JIHlllb BbISICHHTb, 'ITO pyccKHe
COBpeMeHHHKH H Il03,ll;HeHIIIHe HCCJieL(OBaTeJIH B03BeJIH co-
BeprneHHYIO uanpacJIHHY Ha OJibry AJieKcaH,n:poBHy: y)I(
OHa-To, BepHO, .neHer OT YHTBOpTa He noJiy'laJia.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, poMaH, KOTOpbIH cocTaBJISIJI rnaBHoe
co.nep)l(aHHe sceii )l(H3HH )J(epe6Qosoii H e.nsa He .uoseJI ee
.no 3IIIacpoTa, KOH'IHJICSI rny6oKOH H COBeprneHHOH np030H.

' «Quarterly Review», JleKa6pb 1836 r, T 57, CTp 437

203
 HenpH.HTHOCTH B CB.H3H c no.HBJieHHeM B JloH,ll;oHe Onh-
rH AneKcaH.ZJ:pOBHhI BhmanH He TOJihKO Ha .ZJ:OJIIO nop.ZJ:a
YHTBOpTa. BcKope nocne cBoero npHe3.ZJ:a oHa o6paTHnacL
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attrJIHHCKOMY )J;Bopy TOJihKO JIIO)J;eH, oco6o eMy peKoMeH-
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0TBeT nocnaHHHKa npHBen B 6erneHCTBO OnLry AneK-
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HHe H nocbIJiaeT )l(epe61.1,0Boii nacnopT AA.ff OT'be3.ZJ:a B
PoccHIO. Pa.ZJ:OCTHbie Ha.ZJ:e)l(.ZJ:bI C. P. BopoH1.1,0Ba, O.ZJ:HaKo,
He c6LIJIHCb. HecMoTp.H Ha «o6pa3y», Onbra AneKcaH,ll;-
poBHa H3 AHrJIHH He yexana (Bepo.HTHO, H He co611panacb
yeJ)l(aTL: TOJibKO rpo3Hna). Eii tty)l(HO 6L1no nonacTb KO
.ZJ:Bopy. 0Ha KO .ZJ:Bopy nonana.

v.
IJ,apCTBOBaBIIIHH TOr)J;a B AHrnHH reopr III 6bIJ1 T.H)l(e-
JIO 6oneH: OH nepHO.ZJ:H':lecKH cxo.ZJ:HJI c yMa. Kopon.H TOr.ZJ:a
3aMeH.HJI Ha npaBax pereHTa ero CTaprnHii CbIH, 6y.ZJ:yJnHH
204
reopr IV, np03BaHHbIH «nepBbIM ,Z:r>KeHTJibMeHOM EBpO-
IlbI». Koponh H npHHQ Y3JihCKHH HeHaBH.D;eJIH .n:pyr .n:pyra.
Bc.si:KHH pa3, Kor.n:a y reopra III cnyqaJIC.SI HOBbIH npHCTyn
6e3yMH.H, He 6bIJIO B AHrJIHH qenoBeKa cqacTJIHBee, qeM
nepBbIH ;:i::>KeHTJihMeH EBponbI. BnpoqeM, eme cqacTJIHBee
6hrnanu Tor.n:a ero Kpe.n:11Toph1. TipHHQ Y3JihCKHH 6bIJI B
.n:onry KaK B rnenKy. OH c paHHHX neT yxnTp.si:nc.si: :>KHTh
TaK, qTo orpoMHoro ero co.n:ep:>KaHH.H H .n:oxo.n:oB oKa3bI-
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TeJibHO, KOMcpOpTa6eJibHO: y Hero 6hlJIO Il.SITbCOT JIOIIIa.n:eli
H .D;Be TblC.ffqH KOCTIOMOB. KoCTIOMbl COCTaBJI.SIJIH rJiaBHYIO
pa.n:ocTb :>KH3HH reopra IV. OHH :>Ke CTaJIH npuqHHOH
rnaBHOro ero rop.H: no CJIOBaM o.n:Horo H3 6uorpacpoB
Kopon.si:, nepBbIH ;:i::>KeHTJibMeH EBponhl JannaKaJI TOJihKO
pa3 B :>KH3HH: B TOT .n:eHb, Kor.n:a IlOKpOH ero KOCTEOMa
npH3HaJI He BnOJIHe y;:i:aqHhIM EpyMMeJib, 3HaMeHHThIH
3aKOHO.D;aTeJih MO.D;bl, npHKa3bIBaBIIIHH HaTHpaTb CBOH ca-
norH .D;JI.SI 6JieCKa rnaMnaHCKHM H IlOJib30BaBIIIHHC.SI e:>Ke.n:-
HeBHO ycnyraMH Tpex napHKMaxepoB: o.n:nH 6hlJI cneQHa-
JIHCTOM no BHCKaM, .n:pyroli no JI6y H TpeTHH no 3a-
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Bee :no cTonno .n:eHer. Kor.n:a .n:onrn npHHQa Y3Jih-
cKoro .n:ocTHraJIH BHYIIIHTeJibHOH QHcppbI, Kpe.n:HTOpbI
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»My HaCJie.D;HHKa aHrnHHCKOro npeCTOJia. TipHHQ npo.n:a-
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Koponh B oTqa.HHHH o6pamanc.H Ja .n:eHbraMH K TIHTTy.
TIHTT c .HpocThlO npe.n:naran napnaMeHTY ynnaTHTh .n:onru
npHHQa Y3JihCKoro. TiapnaMeHT c Hero.n:oBaHHeM oTny-
cKaJI ffY:>KHbie Kpe.n:HThI no.n: ycJIOBHeM, qTo Ero BhlcoqecT-
BO o6emaeT ucnpaBHThC.H. TiepBhIH .D;:>KeHTJihMeH EBponhl
c IlOJIHOH roTOBHOCTblO o6emaJI HCnpaBHTbC.H, B03Bpa-
maJIC.SI B KapJibTOH-ray3, c KoToporo CHHMaJIHCh neqaTH,
H noKynaJI HOBbIX JIOilla.n:eli.
3Ta HeO.D;HOKpaTHO nOBTOp.HBilla.HC.SI HCTOpH.H qpe3Bbl-
qaliHO 3a6aBJI.HJia EBpony. Ho 11 KopoJIEO, H TIHTTy, 11
napnaMeHTY oHa Ha.n:oena qpe3Bb1qaliHo. B 1794 ro.n:y .n:ena
npHHQa Y3JihCKoro 6hlJIH oco6eHHO nnoxu. Qqepe.n:Holi
cqeT Kpe.D;HTOpOB .D;OCTHraJI 370 TbIC. <i>YHTOB, a KOpOJib
KaK Ha 3JIO 'IYBCTBOBaJI ce6.H npeKpacHo. TIHTT BocnoJib-
30BaJic.H IlOJIO:>KeHHeM H npe.D;JIO:>KHJI nOJil060BHYIO c.n:eJIKy:
napnaMeHT CHOBa ynJiaTHT .D;OJirH npHHQa H CBepx Toro
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205
cf>yHTOB B ro;::i;, a np1rnu. B ;::t;OKa3aTeJibCTBO CBOero pacKaSI-
IHISI )l(emncsi: Ha npoTecTaHTCKOH npHHu,ecce. CTpHHU.,
co6CTBeHHO, 6h1Jl )l(eHaT, HO TaHHO " ne Ha npoTeCTaHTC-
KOH npHHI~ecce, a Ha npocTOH KaTOJJH'JecKOH ne.rr.H, - '.JTO
B ctJeT He mJJo. HacJJe)J.HHK npecTOJia noToprosaJJcsi:, BhI-
Toprosan ce6e ew:e e.rr.HHospeMemrn 80 ThIC. cf>ynToB «Ha
npHrOTOBJJeHHSI K CBa)J.h6e» M 6poCMJJ CBOIO He3aKOHHYIO
)l(eHy. Bb16op HeBeCThI OH sceu,eJJo npe.rr.ocTaBMJJ CTHTTY M
pO)J.HTeJJSIM. Oo pa3HbIM CJJO)l(Hb!M C006pa)l(eHMSIM Bb!60p
:noT ocTaHOBMJICH Ha npnHu,ecce KaponnHe I>paym1rneJirc-
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perrmn ocTeneHMThCSI. 3a KapoJJMHOH EpayHmBeHrCKOH
TOTlfac nocnaJJH ;1op.n;a ManMc6epn M npnse3JJH ee M3
repMaHMM C 60JJbI11MM IlO'leTOM Ha BOeHHOM cy.n;He B
conpOBO)l(.[{eHHM u,eJJOH '.JCKa.D;pbI.
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ponhI JJIOTO, Ha BCIO )l(M3Hb, B03HeHaBM.[{eJJ CBOIO )l(eHy·.
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' B JieTHHii ,11eHL 1821 r. o6ep-rocj>MapwaJI npoHHKHOBeHHO ,110JIOllCHJI feopry IV:
«focy,11apb, TOJILKO 'ITO nony'leuo H3BecTHe o KOH'IHHe 3Jieiiwero spara Bawero
BeJIH'ICCTBa»... «HeyJKeJIH OHa CKOH'laJiaCb?» - BOCKJIHKllYJI KOpOJib H, K 60Jib·
woMy csoeMy pa3011aposaHn10, Y3HaJI OT rocj>MapwaJia, '!TO no Hanoneo11 YMCP
Ha OCTpose CB EneHbl.

206
 nHJieH B 3BaHHH pereHTa, npHHI.\eeea nepeeeJIHJiae& Ja
rpamm,y.
KoHqHJieH Beeb 3TOT aHex.n;oT eaMbIM HeBepoHTHbIM
eKaH,n;aJIOM. reopr III HaKOHeQ yMep, ero ebIH BeTynHJI Ha
npeeTOJI. E&ma pa3pa6ornHa nporpaMMa n&IIIIHon xopo-
HaQHH. Koponeaa KapoJIHHa, y3HaB o KOHqHHe eaoero
Teen1, HeMe.n;neHHO aepHynae& B AHrJIHIO H H3'bHBHJia
)!(eJiaHHe KOpOHOBaTbeH. reopr IV OTBeTHJI OTKa30M H
.n;a)!(e KaTeropHqeeKH 3anpeTHJI eaoen )!(eHe npHeyTeTBO-
BaTb Ha QepeMOHHH B ny6JIHKe. KoponeBa peurnna, npeHe-
6peraH 3anpemeHHeM, 3aHHTb HBOqHbIM nopH,Zl;KOM eBoe
MeeTo p.si.n;oM e cynpyroM. Pa3peIIIeHHH KOHQ)JIHKTa c Tpe-
neToM )!(,Zl;aJia BeH AHrJIH.SI. CTapHKH npH,n;BopH&Ie npe.n;-
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TBep.n;o CTO.SIJIH Ha CBOeM, H o6e c.n;ep)!(aJIH CJIOBO. B
Ha3HaqenH&In ,n;JI.si xopoHaQHH qae xopoJieBa KapoJIHHa
no.[l'hexa.11a K .[lBepHM BeeTMHHeTepexoro a66aTeTBa, Bhl-
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eJIOBaM conpOBO)!(.[laBUiero ee JIOp.[la ry.[la, HanpaBHJiaCh
Ha nO.[l06a10mee en MeeTO. 0.[lHaKO .[\O 3T0f0 MeeTa OHa
He yeneJia ,n;onTH: JiaKeH 3aropO,Zl;HJIH en ,n;opory H qyTb JIM
He B3aIIIeH BbITOJIKaJIH anr11HneKy10 Koponeay H3 BeeT-
MHHeTepcKoro a66aTCTBa.
Bee 3TO Ka)!(eTCH HeBepoHTHhIM He TOJihKO Teneph.
Y)l(e B cepe.n;nue XIX BeKa 3HaMenHThin poMauneT TeKKe-
pen e He.n;oyMeHHeM enpaumBa11: KaKHM o6pa3oM MhI eme
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207
 Ee3yKopH3HeHHhIH B JIH'IHOH :>KH3HH 11enoeeK, 11y:>K.z:i;h1ii
cBoeMy BpeMeHH u nnoxo ero noHHMaeurnii, C. P. BopoH-
u;oe, KOTOpbIH npo:>KHJI .z:i;eCSITKH JieT 3a rpaHnu;eii, 6bIJI
HaHBHO y6e:>K.z:i;eH B TOM, 'ITO aHrJIHHCKOe o6m;eCTBO OT-
BeprHeT )l(epe6u;oey, co1HaBut.y10cR B ceoeii CBSl3H c YnT-
BOpTOM. )l(epe6u;oBa, Ja rpaHnu;eii HHKor.z:i;a He 6hrnae-
rnaS1, .z:i;ep:>Kanacb .z:i;pyroro MHeHHSI.

MHe HeH3BeCTHO, KaK u r.z:i;e Onbra AneKcaH.z:i;poBHa

noJHaKOMMJiacb c npMHI.J;eM Y3JihCKMM. B aHrJIMHCKMX Me-
Myapax Toro BpeMeHM SI HM'lero 06 3TOM HaHTM He Mor.
l1JBeCTHbIH ,[{HeBHHK rpeBMJIJISI OTHOCMTCSI JIMilib K IlO-
CJie,[{HMM ro,[{aM npaBJieHMSI reopra IV. YMJIKMHC B CBOeM
MCCJie.[{oBaHMM• HH pa3y o Heil: He ynoMMHaeT. CBe.[{eHMSI o
Heil B 3TOT nepuo.[{ ee :>KM3HM eoo6m;e O'leHb cKy.[{HhI.
BepOSITHO, B nopy BOeHHOro 3aTMilibSI OHa 6hIBaJia M B
TiapM:>Ke. <l>paHu;y3CKaSI IlOJIMI.J;MSI ,[{OJI:>KHa 6hIJia 6hl HH-
TepecoeaTbCSI TaKoii MHOCTpaHKOH. Ho B nonuu;eiicKOM
apxMBe Tex BpeMeH SI He HarneJI ynoMMHaHHii o )l(epe6-
u;oeoii (co BCeMM nonpaeKaMM Ha npaeonucaHMe ee TPYk
Horo MMeHM) HH B «Repertoires sur fiches des Etrangers»,
HH B «Etats de permis de sejour Paris». a
Bmo6unacb JIM OHa B nepeoro .[{)l(eHTJibMeHa EBponhl
(no-ceoeMy, OH 6hIJI, KOHe'IHO, 'leJIOBeK 06aS1TeJibHhIH)?
l1JIM e10 PYKOBO.[{MJIO npeuMym;ecTBeHHO Tm;ecJiaBue? l1JIM
:>KeJiaHMe no1<a1amb nop.[{y YMTBOpTy? MbI 3HaeM TOJibKO,
'ITO npuHu; Y3JibCKHH «oKa3aJICSI y Hor pyccKoil: Kpacaeu-
U:hI». repu;eH roBOpMT: «0Ha ,[{eJIMJia oprnM reopra IV» ...
Bo BCSIKOM cJiy'lae, 0Jihra AJieKcaH.[{pOBHa 6hrna B 6oJib-
rnoil: MO,[{e M B 60JibllIOM IlO'leTe. BOT TOJibKO ee cpaMMJIMIO
aHrJIM'laHe HMKaK He MOrJIM 3anOMHMTb M Ha3bIBaJIM ee
«~:>Kep6eTcoeoil:», 3aO.[{HO nnyJiyS1 0Jihry AJieKcaH.[{poe-
HY rpacpMHeii (Bo <l>paHu;nM ee, eepOSITHO, Ha3hIBaJIM 6h1
60Rp1<ou).
TioJIMTMKOH )l(epe6u;oea 6oJihrne He MHTepecoeaJiacb.
Tio-BH)J;MMOMy, y Hee K TOMY epeMeHH CJIO:lKMJIOCb TBep-
,[{Oe MHeHMe 0 IlOJIMTMKax, ,[{a H 0 JIIO,[{SIX eoo6m;e.

' W. N. Wilkins., Mrs. Fitzherbert and George IV, London, 1906.

208
 VI.

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Ha IlOJIO)KeHlle CTapyx11. 0Ha ,ll;O)KllBaJia CBOH BeK Ha
IlOKOe, 6oJihllie He 3aHllMa»Cb Hll 3aroBopaM11, Hll llHT-
p11raM11, HllKaKllMll .n;eJiaMll B006IQe. )1(11na OHa o6bI'IHO B
IleTep6ypre, HO ,n;Bopa 1136erana, a 06 11MnepaTope H11Ko-
nae IlaBJIOBll'le OT3bIBaJiaCb HeilO'ITllTeJibHO. «Bo10eT co
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no.n; MOllMll OKHaMll».
repu;eH OCTaBllJI Heno,n;pa)KaeMOe OilllCaHlle neTep-
6yprCKOfO np11eMa B ee ,ll;OMe:
«0Ha 6bIJia IlOB»3aHa 6eJiblM 6aTllCTOBbIM nJiaTKOM
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oHa He B .n;yxe, Iu;yp11na rna3a 11 He o6paIQana no11T11
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209
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JIH eme 'IHTa Tb?»
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- 51 BaM )J;OKJia)J;blBaJI-C, 3TO pecKpHnT ...
- lioX<e MOH, y MeHSI rJia3a 60JIS1T, SI He Bcer.n;a Mory
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qy:>1me IlHCbMa 'IMTaTb.
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Kor.na OH paccKa3aJJ eii «Hawe .neno»

210
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6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCThIO ee nocTynKOB. CaM OH B o6mHii
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Bn.11:enn, Koro B caMhIX nepe.ZJ:OBhIX cTpaHax Tor.na Ha3hI-
Bann nepBhIM .ZJ:)l(eHTJihMeHoM EBpOIIhI - Be.ZJ:h Bce-TaKn
cnoBo «,n'.lKeHTJihMeH» nMeno He o.11:nn JIHillh Y3Ko cBeT-
CKHH CMhICJI. QqeHb B,no6aBoK pacxo,nsiTcsi pa3Hb1e ou,eHKH
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c O.ZJ:HOH 11 TOH )l(e .11:aMh1. ToncTon xomeA Haumu KpacoTy
ll II033lll0, - HallleJI. rpn6oe,nOB xomeA llaUmU nOillJIOCTb
n 6e306pa3ne, - TO)l(e Harnen.
Onhra )l(epe6u,osa B3SIJia OT )l(ll3HH see, qTo Morna.
Oco6oro cqacTbSI 3TO en He npnHeCJIO. )l(nna Onhra AneK-
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ra IV, n My)l(a, n ,neTen, H 6paTbeB, nepe)l(HJia scex .npy3eu
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mHHbl 3TOro CTpalllHOro .nena. )l(epe6QOBOH 6hlJIO qTo
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0
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211
npe.ZJ:cTaBJISIJIOCh eii nponmoe. .lJ:oJin1e rO.ZJ:hI ocTaBaJiacb
OHa BOilJIO~emt:eM O)l;HHOKOH H MpaqHoii CTapOCTH, )KH-
BOH HJIJIIOCTpan:Heii K Y.ZJ:HBHTeJibHbIM CTHXaM r10ro:
... Et je courbe, 6 mon Dieu, mon ame
vers la tombe,
Comme un breuf ayant soif penche son front
vers l'eau· .

• IlpHWJIH Ha~onro ~HH TOCKH, YJKC 30BCT MCHll MOrHna ••• (H3 CTHXOTBOpeHHll
«KaK BCIO~Y 0 npHWCilbl.IC HOBOM ... ». llep. c (ftp. H. HBaH08CK020).

212
 Kopuuua B Poccuu

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quHoii 3Toro 6hlna KHHra roerrOJKH ~e CTaflh «0 repMa-
HHH», qpe3BbiqaiiHO He IIOHpaBHBIIIaHeH HMrrepaTopy.
KHHra, ~eiieTBHTeflbHO, noHpaBHTheH HarroneoHy He
Morna, ~aJKe He3aBHeHMO OT eBoero o6IQero nu6epanh-
Horo ~yxa. 3To, BepoHTHO, eaMoe BOeTOpJKeHHOe rrpOH3-
Be~eHHe, HarrueaHHOe 0 HeMQaX Ha cppaHQy3eKOM H3bIKe.
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onno3HQHOHHoro o6IQeeTBa. 3aTeM 3anpeTHaH nonoea
215
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paccKa3bIBaeT, qTo B )l.eHb ycTaHOBJieHUSI )].JISI Hee 40-
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TOT He IlOSIBJISIJICSI B )l.OMe roHUMOn rrucaTeJibHUJ.lhl, u6o
caMbin BU)l. ero MOr 6bI en rrpuqUHUTh «pOKOBOe IlOTpSICe-
HUe» (un ebranlement tres funeste).
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rronoce. TipaBuTeJihCTBO rrpe)l.rrucano rocrro:>Ke )l.e CTaJih
Bb1exaTh B 24 qaca B ee BeJiuKonerrHoe mBenl.lapcKoe uMe-
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Ha BeCh y:>KaC 40-MUJihHOn IlOJIOChl, MhICJih 0 Heo6XO)l.UMO-
CTU rrepeMeHUTh 3aMOK B OKpeCTHOCTSIX Tiapu:>Ka Ha 3aMOK
B IlIBenl.lapuu u oco6eHHO :nu 24 qaca rroBeprnu rocrro:>Ky
)].e CTaJih B rroJIHoe oTqaSIHue. 0Ha o6paTunach K rrpaBu-
TeJihCTBY c rrpoch6on OTcpoquTb BhIChIJIKY Ha He)l.eJIIO.
MuuucTpoM rroJIUJ.lUU 6bIJI CaBapu, repl.lor PoBuro, TOT
caMhin, o KOTopoM HarroneoH roBopun: «Ecnu SI rrpuKa:>Ky
CaBapu y6uTh co6crneHuy10 :>Keuy u )l.eTen, TO OH c)l.eJiaeT
:no, He 3a)l.yMhIBaSICh HU Ha MuHyTy». HarroJieoHoBcKun
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UMeHHO B )l.OKa3aTeJibCTBO rpy6ocTU l.lep6epa: «II est
curieux, je pense, de voir le style de ces gens-la» •. 0)].HaKo
3aKaHquBaJIOCb :no IlUChMO TaK: ((j{ CO:>KaJieIO, MUJIOCTU-
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KOTopbIM SI uMeIO qecTh 6bITh BamuM, cy)l.apbIHSI, noqTu-
TeJibHenmuM u noKopuenmuM cnyron». OrrSITh 3aMeTuM:
Terrepb B COOTBeTCTBeHHhIX cnyqaSIX pyKOBO)l.UTeJIU DOJIU-
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qepe3 He)l.eJIIO r-:>Ka )l.e CTaJih Bh1exaJia B Koone, - no
ee CJIOBaM, «KaK na<PoHTeHOBCKUn roJiy6h c IlO)l.6UThIMU
KphIJihimKaMu». TaM MyqeHuqecTBO ee npo)l.OJI:>Kanocb. K

• «Jho6oilblTHO, ll AYMaJO, YBHACTb CTHJlb 3THX JIJOAHWCK» (rfip.).

216
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TaflaHTflHBa.
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Bpa)l(.n;a c HanoneoHoM oqeHh yKpenHna ee npecTH)I(. TipH
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co6n10.n;ancS1 CTporo: rocno)l(a .n;e CTanh «3a.n;h1xaeTCS1 B
cchrnKe, B aTMoccl>epe HanoneoHoBcKoro .n;ecnoTH3Ma». llla-
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npOCTO)J;YIIIHO eH Il03aBH)J;OBaB: «MHe TaK XOTeflOCb 6hI
HMeTb npeKpaCHbIH 3aMOK Ha 6epery )l(eHeBCKOro 03epa».
Xy)l(e Heflb3SI 6hrno oc1<op6HTh rocno)l(y .n;e CTanh: oHa,
KaK BCeM H3BeCTHO, 6blna MyqeHHQeH.
B 1812 ro.n;y 6nH)l(aHIIIHM .n;py3hSIM no.n; BenHqaHIIIHM
ceKpeTOM 6hrno coo6m;eHo, qTo Bna.n;enHQa 3aMKa 6onhIIIe
He B COCTOSIHHH BbIHOCHTb aTMoccl>epy HanoneoHOBCKOro
.n;ecnoTH3Ma. Otta peIIIHna 6e)l(aTh, 6e)l(aTh B e.n;HHCTBeH-
HYIO CB06o.n;HyIO CTpaHy EBponeHCKOro KOHTHHeHTa: 6e-
)l(aTb B PoccHIO.

II.
TioqTH HeB03MO)l(HO noHSITh, qeM py1<0BO.D;HflCS1 Hano-
neoH, npecne.n;yS1 rocno)l(y .n;e CTanh. YKa3aHHSI HCTopH-
KOB, 6Horpacl>oB, IlOflHTHqecKHX .n;eSITeneH H npOTHBOpeqH-
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HHH rocno)l(H .n;e CTanh pa3yMHoro CMhlcna HeT - 3TO B
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• WyMHblM ycnexoM UOJlb30BaJIHCb UO'fTH see npOH3BeAeHHll rocnoJKH Ae

CTaJib. <<Journal de Paris» (28 «i>PHMepa XI roAa) BblCMeHBaeT ee ycnex c UJIOXO
CKpbIBaeMoii AocaAOii: «3HaeTe JIH Bbl, UO'feMy B'fepa TeaTpbl 6blJIH nyCTbl, UO'leMy
cerOAHll, B BOCKpeceH&e, MaJIO 6yAeT MOJllllUllXCll B uepKBax?.. 3TO npoHCXOAHT OT-
Toro, 'fTO napHllCaue 3anepnHCb no AOMaM H 'IHTaJOT n0<:,11eAHHii poMaH rocnollCH
CTan&-ron&wTeiiu».

217
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o6me He OtfeHh CBOHCTBeHHOe 3TOMY tfeJIOBeKy XOJIOAHOro
pactfeTa. CKa)l(eM BYJihrapHo: rocrro)l(a .ne CTaJih .nei1:-
CTBOBana eMy Ha nepBhl.
3HaKOMCTBO HX HatfaJIOCh .naBHO - H HatfaJIOCh CTpaH-
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CJiaBy, IIOJIYtfHJI H3 <l>paHU,HM OT He3HaKOMOH eMy IIHCa-
TeJihHHU,hl HeCKOJihKO BeCbMa CBoeo6pa3HhIX IIHCeM. qeT-
BepThlO BeKa rr03)1(e HMrrepaTop rrpe.nrrncan reHepany Eep-
TpaHy, corrpoBO)l(.UaBrneMy ero Ha ocTpoB CBSITOH EneHhI,
3TH IIHChMa ony6nHKOBaTh. CHJihHa ')Ke 6buia B HeM aH-
THnaTHSI K rocno)l(e .ue CTaJih, ecmi nepe.u caMOH cMepThIO
OH .nyMaJI, KaK npHtfHHHTh .naBHO yMeprneH )l(eHIUHHe eme
MaJieHhKYIO IlOCMepTHYIO HenpHSITHOCTh.
IlHChMa 3TH IIOtfeMy-To orry6JIHKOBaHhl He 6hIJIH H .no
Hae He AOllIJIH. 0.nnaKO B HX co.nep)l(aHHH HHKaKoro co-
MHeHHSI 6hITh He MO)l(eT: yKa3aimsi caMoro HanoneoHa
BIIOJIHe COBrra.uaIOT co CBHAeTeJihCTBOM ero ceKpeTapsi,
KOTOphIH rrHChMa 'IHTaJI. rocno)l(a .ue Crnnh 3aO'IHO o6'h-
sicHsinach reHepany EoHarrapTy B n106sn. B Bhipa)l(eHHSIX
oHa, no-BHAHMoMy, He CTecnsinach. Kopnnua npH3hrnana
MOJio.noro reHepana 6pOCHTh )l(eHy: «IlOHCTHHe 'IYAOBH-
meu: 3TOT COI03 reHHSI c MaJieHbKOH He3Ha'IHTeJibHOH
KpeOJIKOH, Hecrroco6HOH HH ou,eHHTh ero, HH IlOHSITb».
«3Ta )l(eHIUHHa IlCHXOnaTKa, COBeprneHHaSI IICHXOIIaT-
Ka! - roBopun EoHanapT, 'IHTasi nHCbMO. - CpaBHMBaTh
ce6si c )1{03ecpHHOH!. .» - OH 6b!JI B TY nopy CTpaCTHO
BJII06JieH B )1{03ecpMny. IlHChMa OCTaJIHCb 6e3 OTBeTa, HO
rocno)l(a .ne CTaJih He yHhrnana, B03Jiarasi Ha.ne)l(AbI Ha
BCTpetiy c MOJIO.Ub!M repoeM.
BcTpeTHJIHCb OHM B cne.ny10meM ro.ny B napH)l(e,
Ky.na EoHanapT npH6hIJI co cnaBOH cnacHTensi OTetiecTBa.
B TY nopy B CTOJIHu,e Hatianacb naMSITHasi KOMe.nnsi.
f'eHepan 3a.UyM'IHBO rOBOpHJI, 'ITO OH tfeJioBeK He 'leCTO-
JII06HBbIH, MHpHhlH M CKpOMHhIH: OH XO'leT 6poCHTb
IlOJIHTHKy, XO'leT BCeu,eno OTAaTbCSI HaytIHOH .uesiTeJib-
HOCTH. To ')Ke roBopHJIH ero CTopoHHHKM. Ha Betiepe,
.namwM B tieCTb reHepana .lJ:npeKTopnei1:, Tanei1:paH npH-
BeTCTBOBan EoHanapTa yMHJieHHOH petihIO: «Ax, si ne
60IOCh B HeM Toro, 'ITO MO)l(HO 6bIJIO 6bI Ha3BaTh 'leCTO-
JII06HeM. HeT, x 3HaIO, ero npu.ueTcx ynpalllHBaTb, 'IT0-
6h1 OTOpBaTh ero OT THXOro ye.UHHeHHX HayKH! .. » 3TOT
U,HHHI<, pa3yMeeTCSI, pa3birpbIBaJI KOMe.UHIO, TaK ')Ke KaK H
caM 6y.uymni1: HMnepaTop. Ho KopHHHa npHHHMana Bee

218
 3a 'IHCTYIO MOHeTy H TBep.n;mia, 'ITO EoHanapT - «Jiy'i-
IIIHn pecny6JIHKaHell, <l>paHU,HH».
0Ha 6bIJia B Hero BJII06JieHa. rocno:>Ka .n;e CTaJib caMa
paccKa3bIBaeT' 'ITO B nepBbin :>Ke pa3, KaK OHa YBH,ll;eJia
HanoJieOHa, en IlOKa3aJIOCb, 'ITO nepe.n; Hen qeJIOBeK, HH ua
O,ll;HO .n;pyroe cymecTBO He IlOXO:>KHn. «51 c Tpy.n;oM ,ll;bIIIIa-
Jia npH ero Bn.n;e. MHe noTOM np11xo.n;11Jioch eme HeCKOJih-
KO pa3 c HHM BCTpe'IaThCSI, H HHKor.n;a SI He MOrJia cnpa-
BHTbCSI c ,ll;bIXaHHeM B ero npHCYTCTBHH». 0Ha paccKa3hI-
BaeT TaK:>Ke, 'ITO 3apaHee rOTOBHJia, IIIJimpoBaJia, 3anHCbI-
BaJia pa3Hbie OCTpOyMHbie 3aMe'!aHHSI ,ll;JISI Toro, 'IT06bl HX
BCTaBlffh B pa3roBope c EoHanapToM! OH ynopHo He
)l(eJiaJI pa3roBapHBaTh c Hen cephe3HO. BceM mBecTeH ux
,n;HaJior: «KaKyw )l(eHI.ll,HHy, reHepaJI, Bbl C'IHTaeTe Ha1160-
Jiee 3aMelfaTeJihHOn?» - «Ty, KOTopaSI pO.L{HJia 60JibIIIe
Bcero .neTen». B .npyroii pa3 oHa ero cnpocHJia: «reHepaJI,
JII06HTe JIH Bbl Boo6me )l(eHI.ll,HH?» «51 JII06JIIO CBOIO :>Ke-
Hy», - OTBeTHJI OH. «3TOT OTBeT H3YMHTeJieH! - BOCK-
JIHKHyJia rocno)l(a .ne CTaJih. - CaM 3naMHHOH.L{ OTBeTHJI
6bI MHe TO'IHO TaK )Ke!..» 0.n;HaKO He IlOMOr H 3naMHHOH.L{.
EoHanapT He )l(eJiaJI ee 3HaTh. 0Ha roBopuJia, «nO'ITH
nJia'Ia», JlIOcheHy EoHanapTy: «51 cTaHOBJIIOCh rJiynon B
npHCYTCTBHH Barnero 6paTa, TaK MHe XOtfeTCSI eMy IlOHpa-
BHThCSI» .•.
rocno:>Ka .ne CTaJib rnynon 6bITb He Morna. 0Ha 6hIJia
He06blKHOBeHHO YMHa - 06 3TOM CBH.L{eTeJibCTBYIOT Bee
ee KHHrH. DbIJia OHa H BilOJIHe HCKpeHHa B CBOHX MblCJISIX,
qacTO rJiy6oKHX H opHrHHaJibHblX. 0.n;HaKO TOH ee MblCJieH
IlO'ITH BCer.na 3aBHCeJI OT Toro, B Koro OHa 6blJia BJII06-
JieHa. BJII06JisiJiach :>Ke oHa no'ITH BO Bcex H3BeCTHhIX
JIIO.n;eii, c KOTOphIMH )l(H3Hh ee cTaJIKHBaJia. Ha.no 6Jiaro-
.napHTh Bora, 'ITO :>KH3Hh He CTOJIKHyJia ee, HanpHMep, c
Po6ecnbepoM! Kor.na eii 6hIJIO 17 JieT, MaTh xoTeJia Bhl-
.naTh ee 3aMy:>K 3a IlHTTa, - OH Tor.na, 24 JieT OT po.ny,
y)l(e 6hIJI nepBhIM MHHHCTpoM AHrmm. EcJIH 6h1 :na
6Jiecnnu,aSI KOM6HHall,HSI, CTpOHBIIIaSICSI Ha MHJIJIHOHax
HeKxepa, y.n;aJiacb, TO y peBOJIIOU.HOHHoii <l>paHU,HH, Bepo-
SITHO, He 6h1JI0 6b1 3Jieiirnero Bpara, tfeM KopHHHa.
Tax en H He y.n;aJICSI poMaH c HanoJieOHOM. J11060Bh,
npeHe6pe)l(HTeJibHO HM OTBeprHyTaSI, nepernJia B HeHa-
BHCTh. OhlJIH y Hee .npyrHe poMaHhI, - 0 HHX Tor.n;a MHOro
CIIJieTHHtfaJIH .L{OCY)l(He JIIO.L{H, BilOCJie.L{CTBHH MHOfO nuca-
JIH 611orpaQ>h1. Ho BCKope nocJie ccbIJIKH B Konne c Ko-
pHHHoii cJiytfHJIOCh HeO)l(H.L{aHHoe co6hITHe. BnepBhie B
:>KH3HH OHa BJII06HJiaCh B HHKOMY He H3BeCTHOro H HH'ieM

219
ne 3aMeqaTeJihHoro qeJIOBeKa. B.n.o6aBOK OH 6hrJI BJJ.BOe
MOJIO:>Ke ee. 17 anpemr 1812 ro.n.a y 46-JieTHeii r-:>KH
.n.e CTaJib pOJJ.HJiesi ebrn. On~oM ero 6hIJI I-OHhIH ryeapeKHH
o<lmu.ep AJih6epT .n.e PoKKa.
PoMaH :noT, npoxoJJ.HBlllHH JJ.OBOJihHO 6ypHo, .n.ep:>Kan-
esi B BeJIHKOM eeKpeTe; o.n.naKO 6JIH3KHe JJ.PY3bSI 0 neM
3HaJIH, MorJIH .n.oraJJ.hIBaTbesi H :>KHTeJIH Konne. Ha.n.o JIM
rOBOpHTb, qTO nanoJieOHOBeKOH nOJIHLl,HJI oqenh eKopo
eTaJio H3BeeTno pelllHTeJihHO Bee. BoeTopr ee no 3TOMY
eJiyqa1-0 He 3HaJI npe.n.eJIOB, nO-BHJJ.HMOMy, B BOeTopre 6hIJI
H eaM HMnepaTop. AreHThr repu,ora PoBwro noehrJianH
eMy Bee «MaTepHaJibI», BnJIOTb JJ.O eTHlllKOB, HanweaHHblX
KaKHM-TO MeeTHblM oeTpSIKOM no noBOJJ.Y eqaeTJIHBoro
eo6hrTHSI. Pa3yMeeTesi, B :now weTopHH He 6h1JIO HJ1qero
no3opnoro JJ.JISI: roeno:>KH .n.e CTaJih. Ho 6hIJIO, no:>KaJiyii,
HeqTo no TeM BpeMeHaM xy.n.lllee: 6hrJio eMelllHoe. B ea-
MOM .n.eJie, «MyqeHmi:a» - H eBsi:3b e I-OHhIM ryeapoM.
«roHHMasi: eoBeCTb MHpa» - JI TaHHhle POJJ.bl, e OT)J.aqeu
MJia)J.eHLJ,a Ha BOenHTaHHe qy:>KHM JII-O)J.SI:M ... roeno:>Ka )J.e
CTaJib oco6enHo TSI::>Keno nepe:>KHBana HMeHHO eMelllHYJO
eTopony eBoero poMaHa e PoKKa. Mo:>Kno e 6oJihIIIOH
Beposi:THOeTbI-O npe.n.noJIO:>KHTb, qTo B ee 6ereTBe B Poe-
ew1-0, nOMJIMO «HeeTepnHMOH aTMoe<IJepbl HanoJieOHOBe-
KOro .n.eenoTH3Ma», ebrrpano neK0Topy1-0 ponb H 3TO 06-
eTosi:TeJiheTBO.
Ehma, o.n.naKo, H noJIHTuqeeKasi: u,eJih. Poeewsi: naqwHa-
Jia BOHHY e HanoneoHOM. roeno:>Ka .n.e CTaJib :>Kenana
nopa:>Kenwsi <l>paHu,uw. Ehrno JIM 3TO «nopa:>KenqeeTBOM»?
Co6eTBeHHO, Hau.woHaJibHOeTb KopHHHbI MO:>KeT eqwTaTb-
csi: JJ.OBOJibHO Heonpe.n.eJieHHOH. Ee oTeu., HeKKep, - IIIBeii-
u,apeu, He TO HeMeLJ,KOro, He TO HpJiaH)J.eKoro npoHeXO:>K)J.e-
HHSI: - oKa3aJiesi: MHHHeTpoM JI1-0.n.oBHKa XVI B ewJiy
o.n.noro Jl3 Tex napa.n.oKeOB, KOTOpble 6bIJIJI eBOHeTBeHHbl
eTapoMy eTpOI-0 BO <l>paHLJ,JIJI TaK :>Ke, KaK y Hae. IlpH
Eyp6oHax KopeHHOH <1Jpanu,y3 He Mor eTaTb OQJHLl,epoM,
eeJIH He 6bIJI JJ.BOpsi:neKoro npoHeXO:>KJJ.eHHSI:, He Mor eTaTb
qJieHOM KOpOJieBeKoro eoBeTa, eeJIH He 6bIJI KaTOJIJIKOM.
0.n.naKo HeKKep, He <1Jpanu.y3, He JJ.Bopsi:HHH H He KaTOJIHK,
6hm na3naqen JlI-OJJ.OBHKOM XVI Ha JJ.OJI:>KHOeTh nepBoro
MHHHeTpa! r-:>Ka .n.e CTaJih, .n.oqb IIIBeiiu,apu.a, BbIIIIe)J.IIIasi:
3aMy:>K 3a IIIBe.n.a, no naenopTy eqHTaJiaeb BO <l>panu,wu
wnocTpaHKoil:. Ho po.nwnach ona B IlapmKe H caMa ce6si:
Beer.n.a eqwTaJia <IJpanu,y:>KenKou. Ee noe3,nKa B Poeew1-0,
eoBnaBIIIasi: no BpeMeHH e 0TeqeeTBennoil: BOil:Hoil:, TaKHM
o6pa30M npwo6peTaJia oeo6b1u xapaKTep. TaM, r.n.e Haqw-
220
HaJIHCb 60JihIIIHe HCTOpHqecKHe co6hITHSI, 6hIJ10 ecTeCT-
BeHHOe MecTorrpe6bIBaHHe KopHHHhI.

III.
rocIIO)l(a .n;e CTaJib peIIIHJia 6e)l(aTh H3 Konne B Poc-
CHIO - H Bee )Ke .n;o caMOH nocne.n;HeH MHHYTbl KOJie6a-
JiaCb. Ilo HoqaM eli e.n;pyr npHxo.n;Hno B ronoey, qTo
areHThI HanoneoHa cxeaTSIT ee H noca.n;SIT B nophMy, - e
eocnoMHHaHHSIX KopHHHhI eCTh KpacHopeqHeaSI cTpaHHQa
0 TOM, KaK npH ee HepBHOCTH 6hIJIO 6hl .n;JISI Hee yX<aCHO
nopeMHOe 3aKmoqeHHe. .ll:PY3hSI, no HenOHSITHhIM MHe
npHqHHaM, eme OT ce6SI ee 3anyrHBaJIH. 3Jib3eap .n;e Ca6-
paH - no-BH,D;HMOMy, BnOJIHe cepbe3HO - nHCaJI eli:
«ECJIH Bbl OCTaHeTeCh (B Korrne), OH (HanoneoH) o6pe-
qeT eac Ha yqacTh MapHH CnoapT: 19 neT HecqacThSI,
3aTeM KaTacrpolf>a!» KopHHHa, no co6cTBeHHhIM cnoeaM,
TpeneTana. 3To noqTH HenocTH)l(HMO. Ee .n;pyr CucMoH.n;H,
npae.n;a, yTeep)l(.n;aeT, qTo oHa 6bma Heo6hlqaliHo Tpyc-
nuea («excessivement poltronne»). B~e-TaKH He Morna
)Ke oHa .n;yMaTh, qTo HanoneoH npuKa)l(eT OTpy6HTh eli
ronoey!
ECTh, BnpoqeM, OCHOBaHHSI npe.n;nonaraTb, qTO B .n;eH:-
CTBHTeJihHOCTH oHa onacanach He yqacTH Mapuu CnoapT.
KopHHHa cMepTeJihHO 60S1J1acb HanoneoHOBCKOH neqaTH.
MMnepaTop, nurneT oHa caMa, Mor B cnyqae ee no6era H3
Konne «nOMeCTHTb B ra3eTax o.n;Hy H3 Tex CTaTeH, KOTO-
pbie OH yMeeT ,D;HKTOBaTh, KOr.n;a xoqeT KOro-nu6o y6HTb
MopanbHO. 3HaKOMhIH ceHaTop roeopHn MHe, qTo Hano-
neoH JIY'IIIIHH H3 ecex H3BeCTHhIX eMy )l(ypHaJIHCTOB. M
.n;eHCTBHTeJihHO, ecJIH )l(ypHaJIH3MOM Ha3bIBaTh HCKyc-
CTBO .n;ulf>lf>aMaQHH, TO OH HM BJia.n;eeT B Bhlcoqalirneli
Mepe». KopHHHa H paHhrne npe.n;nonarana, qTo o.n;Ha aHo-
HHMHaSI pyraTeJihHaSI peu;eH3HSI o Hew 6Lma HanucaHa
caMHM HanoneoHoM! qepTa 3a6aeHaSI, noqTu TporaTeJih-
HaSI B npolf>eccuoHaJihHOH MaHHH eenuquSI: rocnoX<a .n;e
CTaJih 6hIJia HaCTOSIIUaSI nucaTeJihHHu;a, eo ecex CMb1cnax
cnoea. HuqeM «y6HTh MopanhHO» HanoneoH ee He Mor
6hI, eCJIH 6hI H XOTeJI; HHKaKHX npecTynneHHH 3a HeH He
3Ha'IHJIOCh. Ho rnyTKa nu cKa3aTh: pyraTeJihHhie cTaThH B
ra3eTax!..
Ilocne .n;onrux Kone6aHHH ace )Ke perneHo 6bmo exaTh,
HeCMOTpSI Ha 3IIIalf>oT H Ha peu;eH3HH.
221
 23 Ma» 1812 ro.na roeno:iKa .ne CTaJih B BeJIM11aihneM
eeKpeTe noKMHyJia Konne. C Heil exaJIM ee ,neTM M, pa3y-
MeeTeH, AJih6epT .ne PoKKa. He3a,noJiro .no Toro oHa
TaiiHo BhIIIIJia Ja Hero 3aMy:iK. Ilo3,nHee, B IIIBeIJ,MH, BhI-
mJia Ja Hero 3aMy:iK BTOpM11Ho. «Elle ne pouvait se eroire
assez mariee»·, - roBopMT EoHmTeTTeH. )l;py3hH o 6paKe
He 3HaJIH M He,noyMeBaJIH. 0.UHH M3 HHX nHeaJI, 'ITO MOJIO-
.UOH ryeap, BepHo, B3HT KopHHHoii .UJIH 3aLIJ,HThI B .nopore
OT pa36oiiHHKOB. B EepHe K HMM np11eoe,UHHMJieH eLIJ,e
ABryeT BMJihreJihM IIIJiereJih, y:iKe Tor.na BeebMa H3BeeT-
HhIH cpHJIOJior M MeTopHK JIMTepaTyphI. Ero pOJih npH
roeno:iKe .ue CTaJih B TO'IHOeTM .no eMx nop HeH3BeeTHa, -
eoBpeMeHHHKOB oHa 011eHh 3aHHMaJia. OH e1111TaJieH y1111-
TeJieM ee ,neTeil:.
EJiaronoJiy11Ho yeKOJih3HYB OT HanoJieOHOBeKHX areH-
TOB, Bee 3TO eTpaHHOe 061.IJ,eeTBO HaKOHeIJ, npH6bIJIO
B BeHy.
TaM HX BeTpeTMJIH 6e3 y:iKaea, HO M 6e3 BOeTopra.
ABeTpHil:exoe npaBHTeJiheTBO no.u.nep:iKHBaJio .n:o6ph1e oT-
HomeHMH e cppaHu,yJeKMM: MapMH JlyMJa HeJa,noJiro .n:o
Toro BhIIIIJia JaMy:iK Ja HanoJieoHa. Ho, no Beeil: BH.UMMO-
CTH, ,neJio 6b1JI0 He B noJIMTMKe. EapoHeeea .nro MoHTe
nMeana: «roeno:iKa .ue CTaJih Haxo,nMTeH B BeHe ... 0Ha
He,UOBOJibHa MaJihIM 3HTY3Ma3MOM, KOTOphIH npOHBJIHeT-
eH B ee OTHOIIIeHMM ... roBOpHT 3,Ueeb pa3HOe: rOBOpHT 0
BO.UHHKe, o 6epeMeHHOeTM, o HexoeM Poxxa, o Tail:HOM
6paKe» ... Ha O.UHOM o6e.ne xaxoil:-To TaKTM'IHhiil: 11enoBeK
enpoeMJI KopMHHy: «Cy,uaphIHH, KTO .UJIH Bae, eo6eTBeHHO,
r. IllnereJih?»
He ny11me BeJIM ee6H M BnaeTM. HeeMoTpH Ha eBoil:
JIM6epaJIM3M, roeno:iKa .ne CTaJih BO BeRxoil: eTOJIMU.e
Ha'IMHaJia 3HaKOMeTBO e 061.IJ,eeTBOM e nOHBJieHMH B
npH.UBOpHhIX xpyrax. B BeHe Teneph 3TO oxaJanoeh
Hey.no6HhIM no MHorMM npM'IMHaM: M M3-3a po.neTBa
MMnepaTopexoil: cpaMMJIMM e HanoneoHoM, H B oeo6eH-
HoeTM M3-3a Anh6epTa .ne Poxxa, KOTOphiil: B.n:o6aBOK
'IMeJIHJieH Ha cppaHIJ,y3eKOH eny:iK6e M Mor, ene.n:oBaTeJih-
HO, e1111TaTheH .n:eJepTHpoM. BeHeKMil: nonMu,eil:-npe3M-
.n:eHT eoo6LIJ,MJI 3TO roeno:iKe .n:e CTaJih. 0Ha npHmna B
Kpail:Hee Hero,noBaHMe. «Bbl He XOTMTe, 'IT06bI Mhl o6'h-
HBMJIH BOil:Hy <l>paHu,MM M3-3a roeno,UMHa .n:e Poxxa?» -
eKaJan eil: He 6e3 IOMopa nonMu,eil:-npe3H.UeHT. «A no11e-
MY 6hI H HeT! - rHeBHO BOeKJIMKHyna roeno:iKa .n:e

• «0Ha He 0111yma.na ce6.R .!(CHCTBHTenLHO 33M)'llCHei!: )[(CHlllHHOH» ( ifip ).

222
 Cranb, - rocTio,z:vrn .[{e PoKKa MOH .[{pyr H 6y.[{eT MOHM
My:>KeM!. .» TaK, TIO Kpaii:ueii: Mepe, H3naraer :nor pa3-
roBop KHSl3b MerrepHHX; y uac HeT OCHOBaHmI eMy He
BepHTb: oua 6bma ueorpa3HMaSI KopHuua, H3-3a ee
.[{pyra ornwrno MO:>KHO 6b1JI0 uaqarb Boii:uy.
Boii:ub1 H3-3a .[{e PoKKa aBcTpHii:cKoe TipaBHTeJihCTBO
TaK H ue uaqano. Ho cppauKo-pyccKaSI Boii:ua uaqHua-
nacb. PyccKoe TIOCOJibCTBO 6hIJIO qpe3Bb1qaii:uo mo6e3uo
c :>KepTBOH HaTIOJieOHOBCKoro ,[{eCTIOTH3Ma. 0.[{HaKO OHO
He HMeJIO TipaBa BbI,[{aTb eH CBOeH BJiaCTbIO TiaCTIOpT Ha
Bbe3.[{ B PoccHIO: ua.[{o 6blno 3anpocHTb Ilerep6ypr.
rocTIO:>Ka ,[{e CTaJib He XOTeJia ,[{OJiro OCTaBaTbCSI B ue-
TipHBeTJIHBOH Bene. YcJIOBHBIIIHCb c TIOCOJihCTBOM, qro
TiacTiopr TIO TIOJiyqenHH orBera H3 Ilerep6ypra 6y.[{eT
TIOCJiaH eH B,[{OrOHKy, oua TpouyJiaCb B TIYTh Ha BOCTOK,
qepe3 raJIHI..J;HIO. EH TipHIIIJIOCh ,[{OBOJihHO ,[{OJiro :>K,[{aTh
TiacTiopra B Epo.[{ax. Ho TaM, ua cqacThe, uaIIIJIHCh JIIO.[{H
ee Kpyra.
0.[{HH H3 HHX, 6apou .[{IO Moure, B oqapoBaTeJihHOM
TIO IOMOpy TIHChMe K CBOeH :>Keue OTIHCaJI Tipe6hIBaHHe B
raJIHI..J;HHCKOM ropO.[{HIIIKe 3HaMeHHTOH TiyTeIIIeCTBeHHH-
I..J;hl. 0TIHCaJI H CBOIO 6ece.[{y c ueii. BTipoqeM, 6ece.[{hI He
6brno: 6b1JI MOHOJIOr KopHHHhI. 0Ha 6yKBaJihHO 3aroBo-
pmia 6apoHa, He ,[{aBaSI eMy BCTaBHTh HH CJIOBa. «ne,[{-
HaSI AJieKcaH.[{pHn! - TIHIIIeT OH BeceJio :>KeHe. - KaK
MHe re6SI :>KaJih! rocTIO)Ka ,[{e CTaJib 6y.[{eT .[{yMaTb, qro
TBOH MY)K KpyrnhIH .[{ypaK. .. BTipoqeM, TIOCTOH ... Ona
HaqaJia MHe paccKa3bIBaTh, KaKHM TipecJie.[{OBaHHSIM
TIO,[{BepraJiaCh 3a TO, qro He XOTeJia MOJIHThCSI 6ory
HaTioJieoHy. JI, He.[{oJiro .[{yMaSI, 6pSIKHyJI: «.ll;a, 3HaqHT,
B MHpe cymecTBYJOT TOJihKO rpH He3aBHCHMhie .[{ep)Ka-
BhI: AHrJIHSI, PoccHSI H BhI». CKa3aJI H caM rycTo TIOKpac-
HeJI: JKYJO rnyTioCTh cMopo3HJI! TaK HeT )Ke! Moii OTBeT
6bIJI HaH,[{eH YMHhIM, opHrHHaJihHhIM, MHe He)KHO TIO)Ka-
JIH pyKy. Bcero, qTo MHe 6hIJIO cKa3aHo, si He Mory Te6e
Tiepe.[{aTh: Thi o6BHHHJia 6h1 MeHSI B xBaCTOBCTBe». B
CBOHX TIHChMax 6apoH .[{JO MoHTe coo6maeT eme HeKo-
TOpb1e CBe,[{eHHSI, KOTOpbie MOfJIH HHTepecoBaTb ero
)Keuy: .[{e PoKKa He3HaqHTeJihHhIH IOHOIIIa ... IIInereJih
Bee BpeMSI CTIHT ... rocno:>Ke ,[{e CTaJih copoK IIIeCTb
JieT, - «CBOHMH rJia3aMH BH,[{eJI ee MeTpHqecKoe CBH.[{e-
TeJibCTBO»... ne3o6pa3Ha OHa .[{0 y)KaCa («)aide a faire
peur»).
IlocJie.[{Hee 6hIJIO, no-BH.[{HMOMy, upeyBeJIHqeHo. Ko-
pHHHa OTHIO,[{h ue MOrJia Ha3BaTbCSI KpacaBHI..J;eH, HO MHO-
223
ni:e· cq1nam1 ee nplt:BJieKaTeJibHOH no BHeIIIHOCTH, 0 TOM
:>Ke CBHAeTeJihCTBYI-OT ee no6eAhI. KpacoTa, roBopnTc.si:,
noH.si:Tue cy6neKTHBHoe. CaMa rocno:>Ka Ae CTaJih c•rn-
rnna 6e3o6pa3HhIM rthe! OH K 50 ro.[{aM cnnIIIKOM pac-
TOJicTeJI u 06p1-03r. «Ero yM, - nucana oHa, - cne,[{o-
Bano 6bI BJIO:>KHTb B Apyroe Teno; HeJih3.sl IlOCTHrHyTh,
noqeMy cTOJih BhICOKOMY AYXY AaHa CTOJih AYPHa.si: 060-
noqKa» ...
IlacnopT OT pyccKoro IlOCOJibCTBa 6hIJI HaKOHeu; no-
nyqeH. «Bc1-0 MOI-O :>KH3Hh 6yAy 3a Hero 6naro.[{apHa», -
nucana rocno:>Ka ,[{e CTanh. 14 HI-OJI.si: 1812 ro.[{a u3rHaH-
HHKH no,[{'hexanu K pyccKoii rpaHnu;e. KaK TOJihKO nmar6a-
YM onycTnnc.si: 3a KOJI.HCKOH KopnHHhI, oHa AaJia ce6e
KJI.si:TBY He B03Bpaiu;aTbc.si: B 3eMJIH, rropa6oiu;eHHbie Harro-
neoHoM.
3.[{ech B ee nyTeIIIeCTBHH xoHqaeTc.si: cMeIIIHoe. I>oJihIIIe
KaK 6y.[{TO HeT HepBHOH, BJII-06JieHHOH B ce6.si:, H36aJIOBaH-
HOH :>KH3HhI-O ,[{aMhI. IlepeA HaMu nucaTeJibHHu;a 6oJih-
IIIoro TaJiaHTa H yMa He06bIKHOBeHHOro.

IV.
51 H TO orracaI-OCb, qTo y.[{eJIHJI CJIHIIIKOM MHOrO MeCTa
3a6aBHhIM cTopoHaM xapaKTepa roeno:>KH ,[{e CTanb. I>e3
HHX ee nopTpeT He.si:eeH, HO eaMn no ce6e OHH He ,[{aI-OT Ha
nopTpeT H HaMeKa. B :noii :>KeHiu;nHe 6hmo peAKOe eoqeTa-
HHe yMa H .[{06poTbl, 60JiblllOH 6naro:>KeJiaTeJibHOeTH K
JII-0,[{.HM e TOHKHM HX IIOHHMaHHeM. Kor,[{a ,[{eJIO JIHqHO ee
He Kaeanoeb, OHa pa36upanaeb B JII-0,[{.slX npeBOCXO,[{HO.
CaMoe :>Ke YAHBHTeJihHOe B Heil 6hmo: cnoeo6HoCTh Bee
IlOHHMaTb e nonyeJIOBa.
Ha HeMu;eB oHa 3TOH enoco6HoeTbI-O HaBOAHJia y:>Kae:
TaK Bee 3TO 6blJIO Il0.[{06Ho ct>eii:epBepKy H TaK .HBHO
He,[{oeTaToqHo griindlich... BeTpeTHBIIIHeb O,[{Ha:>K,[{hI c
<l>uxTe, roeno:>Ka ,[{e CTaJib He 3aAyMhIBa.si:eb K HeMy
o6paTHJiaeh: «CKaXmTe, rOCilO,[{HH <l>nxTe, MOrJIH 6bI Bbl B
oqeHb KOpOTKOe BpeM.si:, HanpuMep B qeTBepTb qaea, H3JIO-

' ,[{aneKo, enpo'leM, He ece. B OJ.IHOH cjipaHlzy3cKoii ra3eTe eli 6bJJJH y.AeneHbl
cne,AYJOIIIHC mo6e3Hb1C CTpOKH: «To, 'ITO Bbl 6e:J06pa3Hbl, 3TO He Bawa BHHa. Ho
TO, 'ITO Bbl HHTpHraHKa, 3TO BHHa eawa». fH6ep DHWCT .AOBOnbHO Heonpe,AenCHHO:
«Ses grands yeux noirs etincellent de genie... Ses traits sont plus prononces que
delicats». (Ee 'ICpHble rna3a HCKpllTCll reHHeM ..• Ee 'ICpTbl CKOpee pe3KHC, 'ICM
TOHKHC» ((/jp.).
" OcHoeaTen&HO, rny6oKo (ueM.).

224
 )l(HTb MHe Barny <Pu11oco<PcKy10 CHCTeMy» ... llpe,ri:JIO)l(eHHe
3TO noKa3aJIOCh .n:ep3KHM 3HaMeHHTOMY <Punocoqiy. TeM
He MeHee OH HatJaJI H3JiaraTb, 6b1Tb MO)l(eT, He CJIHIIIKOM
.sICHO: OH nJIOXO rOBOpHJI no-<Ppami;y3CKH. qepe3 HeCKOJib-
KO MHHYT rocno)l(a .z:i:e CTaJih ero npepBana: «JJ:ocTaTO'IHO,
rocnO,[{HH <l>HXTe, BnOJIHe ,[{OCTaTO'IHO! 51 Bae nOH.sIJia
npeBOCXO,[{HO ... BH)l(Y H HJIJIIOCTpau;HlO K Barneu CHCTeMe:
3TO o.n:Ho H3 noXO)l(.[{eHHH 6apoHa M10Hxray3eHa» ... <l>ux-
Te, no CJIOBaM O'leBH,[{I.J;a, «C,[{eJiaJI TparH'leCKOe JIHI.J;O»
(«Fichte's face looked like a tragedy»). KopHHHa TOT'lac
pa3'h.sICHHJia cB010 rnyTKy. IllyTKa 6hlna KaK rnyTKa, -
rocno)l(a .z:i:e CTaJih npocTo KOKeTHH'laJia c aBTopoM «CH-
CTeMbI MOpaJIH» nO'ITH TaK :>Ke, KaK KOKeTHH'laJia c 23-
JieTHHM Anh6epTOM .z:i:e PoKKa. 0Ha 6hlna HeoTpa3HMa.si
KopHHHa. Ho, pa3yMeeTc.si, KopHHHa OTJIH'IHO noHHMana,
'ITO <l>HxTe caM no ce6e, a 6apoH M10Hxray3eH TO:>Ke caM
no ce6e.
llOH.sITb PocCHIO en 6hlJIO, B cyI.I.J;HOCTH, IIO'ITH HeB03-
MOiKHO. llo-pyccKH OHa He 3HaJia HH CJIOBa, pyccKoro
IIInereJI.si npu Heu He 6hIJIO, cnparnuBaTh 6hlJIO He y Koro.
11 TeM He MeHee cTpaHHI.J;hI, HanucaHHhie e10 o Poccuu,
Ha,[{O npM3HaTh He06blKHOBeHHbIMH, oco6eHHO eCJIH HX
cpaBHHTb c TeM, 'ITO IIHIIIYT HeKOTOpbie HbIHeIIIHHe TypH-
CTbl. YMoM cep.z:i:u;a, .z:i:a H npocTo yMoM, oHa noH.siJia
MHoroe TaKoe, 'ITO Tor.z:i:a ycKOJ1h3aJIO He TOJibKO OT HHO-
CTpaHu;eB.
Pa3yMeeTC.sI, B ee KHHre eCTb OIIIH6KH. rocno:>Ka .z:i:e
CTanh no.z:i: MocKBon CJihIIIIaJia, KaK KpecTb.sIHe no10T
«YKpaHHCKHe necHH». llo-BH.D:HMOMy, oHa C'IMTaJia KHTan-
ropo.n: KMTancKHM KBapTaJioM MocKBhI. 3To HecymecT-
BeHHO. KHHra ee qpe3BhI'lanHo 6Jiaro:>KeJiaTeJibHa, - .z:i:o-
CTaTO'IHO HanOMHHTh, 'ITO .z:i:o Hee nucaJI o Poccuu Mac-
coH, a nocJie Hee K10cTHH! OcBeI.I.J;eHMe, .n:aHHoe rocno:>Kou
.z:i:e CTaJih pyccKou :>KH3HM aJieKCaH.D:poBcKoro BpeMeHH, no
TOHY IIO'ITH He OTJIH'laeTC.sI OT Toro, 'ITO Mbl HaXO,[{HM B
«BonHe H MMpe». 11 B pyccKOH iKH3HH, H B pyccKOM
Hapo.n:e, co BCeMH HX npOTHBOpe'IH.sIMH (e10 :>Ke c 60JibIIIOH
CMJiou OTMetJeHHhIMM), 3Ta cJiyqanHa.si TYPMCTKa nepBa.si
OTMeTHJia Te caMbie qepTbl, KOTOpbie MHOro Il03,[{Hee no-
Ka3aJia KJiaccMtJecKa.si pyccKa.si JIHTepaTypa.
CKa:>Ky 6oJihIIIe, oHa npe.n:BH.D:eJia M nyTh pyccKon 11u-
TepaTyph1. B MocKBe, B IleTep6ypre en 'IHTaJIH BCJIYX H
Hacnex nepeBO,[{HJIH JIHTepaTypHbie npOH3Be,[{eHH.sI aBTO-
poB, KOTOpbIX B TY nopy 'ITHJIH, - He 3Hal0, 'ITO HMeHHO:
XepaCKOBa? Q3ep0Ba? Cepre.si rnMHKy? 0Ha 6blJia .z:i:aneKO
8-5317 225
He B BOCTOpre. TipH6JIH3HTeJihHhIH CMbICJI CTpaHm~, OT-
HOC.Sllll,HXCSI K pyccKOH mnepaType B ee BOCnOMHHaHHSIX,
TaKOB: Bee :no O'leHh cna6o nOTOMy, B oco6eHHOCTH, 'ITO
:no HeBe)l(eCTBeHHoe no.z:i:pa)l(am1e cppaHu,y3CKHM o6pa3-
u,aM. Ho SI3hIK npesocxo,n:HhIH, qpe3BhI'laHHO 6naro3BY'l-
HhIH, H B03MO)l(HOCTH y pyCCKOH JIHTepaTyphl, B CBSl3H c
HaU,HOHaJihHbIM xapaKTepoM, rpoMa.D:Hhie: OHH ocyrn:ecT-
BSITCSI Tor.z:i:a, Kor.z:i:a pyccKHe nucaTeJIH nepecTaHyT nucaTb
no.z:i: cppaHu,y3cKHX KJiacCHKOB XVII H XVIII BeKOB, Kor.z:i:a
OHH o6paTSITCSI K no,n:JIHHHOH pyccKOH )l(H3HH H K caMhlM
HHTHMHbIM CTOpOHaM 'leJIOBe'leCKOH .z:i:yum. Tipe,n:cKa3aHHe
noHCTHHe JaMe'laTeJihHOe. Ha.z:i:o y,n:HBJISIThCSI TOMy, 'ITO
Harrm HCTOpHKH, H o6rn:ue, H JIHTepaTypHhie, y,n:eJIHJIH
O'leHb MaJIO BHHMaHHSI 3THM Y.D:HBHTeJibHhIM CTpaHHU,aM
H3 socnoMHHaHHH 3TOH y,n:HBHTeJihHOH )l(eHW:HHhI.
3aTO BnOJIHe OU,eHHJI ee KHHry TiyIIIKHH·.

v.
«0Ha npuexana neToM, Kor.z:i:a 6onhruaSI 'laCTh MO-
CKOBCKHX )l(HTeneii pa3'hexanacb no ,n:epeBHSIM. PyccKoe
rocTenpHHMCTBO 3acyeTHJ10Ch; He 3HaJIH, KaK yroCTHTb
cnaBHYIO HHOCTpaHKy. Pa3yMeeTCSI, .z:i:asaJIH eii 06e,n:h1.
My)l('IHHhI H ,n:aMbI c'beJ)l(aJIHCh nornaJeTb Ha Hee H 6h1J1H
no 60JihIIIeH 'laCTH He.D:OBOJlbHbl e10. 0HH BH,n:eJIH B HeH
nSITH,n:eCSITHJieTHIOIO TOJICTYIO 6a6y, o,n:eTyIO He no JieTaM.
ToH ee He noHpaBHJICSI, pe'IH noKa3aJIHCh CJIHIIIKOM .D:JIHH-
HhI, a pyKaBa CJIHIIIKOM KOpOTKH. 0Teu, TioJIHHbl, 3HaBIIIHH
m-me de Stael ern:e B Tiapu)l(e, .z:i:an eii o6e.z:i:, Ha KOTOphIH
CKJIHKaJI Bcex HaIIIHX MOCKOBCKHX YMHHKOB. TyT YBH,n:eJia
SI CO'IHHHTeJibHHU.Y KopHHHhI. 0Ha cH,n:ena Ha nepBOM
MeCTe, o6JIOKOTSICb Ha CTOJI, CBepTbIBaSI H pa3BepTbIBaSI
npeKpaCHbIMH naJibU,aMH Tpy6o'IKY H3 6yMarn».
3To H3 nyruKHHCKoro «Pocnasnesa». He coMHesa10ch,
'ITO TiyruKHH CJih1ruan o npe6brnaHHH B MocKse rocno)l(H
.z:i:e CTaJib paccKa3 KaKoro-nu6o oqesu.z:i:u.a. B 3TOM y6e)l(-
.z:i:aeT MaJieHbKaSI no.z:i:po6HOCTh: «CBepTbIBaSI H pa3BepTbl-
BaSI npeKpaCHbIMH naJihU,aMH Tpy6o'IKY H3 6yMarn» -

• «lil ecex CO'IHHCHHii r-lKH 11.e CTaJib KHHra «}J.CCllTHJICTHee H3rH3HHC»

AOJilKHa 6b1Jla npeHMYlllCCTBCHHO o6paTHT& ea ce6ll e1mMaHHe pyccKHx. B3rnllll.
6&1CTp&1ii H llpOHHQaTeJI&H&lii, 33MC'l3HHll pa3HTCJI&Hbl no ceoeii HOBOCTH H HCTHHe,
6naro.napHOCTb H .no6polKeJiaTCJibCTBO, 8011.HBWHe nepoM CO'IHHHTCJibHHQbl, - ece
npueocuT 11eCT& YMY u 11yeCTeaM eeo6&1xeoee11eoii lKCHIQHH&1».

226
TaKOB 6hIJI .n:ei:fcTBHTeJihHO npHBhPIHhIH )l(eCT Ma.n:aM Ko-
pHHHhI.
qHTaTeJih, BepOSITHO, nOMHHT, qTo B «PocJiaBJieBe»
rocno)l(a .n:e CTaJih npoH3BOJJ:HT CHJihHei:frnee BneqaTJie-
HHe Ha MOJIO.ll:YlO pyccKylO KHSl)l(HY IlOJIHHy, KOTOpaSI B
1812 ro.n:y XOTeJia «SIBHTbCSI B cf>paHI.lY3CKHH Jiarepb, .n:o-
6pa TbCSI .no HanoJieona H TaM y6HTh ero H3 CBOHX pyK».
KHSI)l(Ha IloJIHHa Jammu:aeT 3HaMeHHTYIO nyTernecTBeH-
HHU:y, ropSiqo H3-3a Hee cnopHT c HaCMeIIIJIHBbIMH JilOJJ:b-
MH. «11 JJ:SI.ll:IOIIIKa CMeeT eme HacMexaThCSI Ha.n: ee po6o-
CTHIO npH npH6JIH)l(eHHH cf>paHU:Y3CKOH apMHH! «DY.ll:bTe
cnoKOHHhI, cy.n:aphIHSI: HanoJieOH BOIOeT npOTHB Pocc1111,
He npoTirny Bae» . . . .[(a! ecJIH 6b1 .LJ.SI.LJ.IOIIIKa nonaJicSI B
pyKH cf>paHn:yJaM, TO ero nycTHJIH 6b1 ryJISITh no Ilane-
PoSIJIIO; HO Ma.n;aM .n:e CTaJib B TaKoM cnyqae yMepna 6b1
B rocy.n:apCTBeHHOH TeMHHU:e» ...
IlyrnKHH, KOHeqHo, BepHo nepe.n:an· OTHOIIIeHHe pyc-
CKOro o6mecrna K KopHHHe. Onpe.n.eJISIJIOCb oHo pa3HbIMH
HaU:HOHaJibHbIMH qepTaMH: 6naro.n:yrnHeM, nacMeIIIJIHBO-
CTblO, JII060nh!TCTBOM, 6e33a60THOCThlO, Bcero 60JihUie
rocTenpHHMCTBOM. CKa3aJIHCb TYT H qepTbI BpeMeHH, H
qepTa reorpacf>11qecKa5I: He06'b51THOCTb pyccKOH TeppHTO-
pHH. Bo MHOrHx OTHOUieHHSIX noe3.n:Ka H BneqaTJieHH51
rocno)l(H .n.e CTaJih, no HaUIHM HbIHeUIHHM eBponeHCKHM
nOHSITH51M, noqTH qy.n;eCHbl.
B caMoM .n.ene, B nopy BTOp)l(eHHSI cf>paHU:Y30B B Poc-
CHIO Ha rpaHHU:e nOSIBJISllOTC51 HHOCTpaHU:hI, He 3HaIOmHe
HH 0.[l.HOro pyccKoro CJIOBa, roBOp51mHe HCKJIIQqHTeJibHO
no-cf>paHU:Y3CKH. EyMarn y HHX cTpaHHbie: KaK 6y.n.To
cf>paHU:Y3bI, npaB.n;a, 6ernh1e, .n.a KTO TaM :no Mor nOH51Tb?
B BoJibIHCKOH ry6epHHH e.n.Ba JIM oqeHh pa36HpaJIHCh B
OTTeHKax cf>paHU:Y3CKOH nOJIHTHqecKOH MbICJIH H BO B3aH-
MOOTHOUieHH51X rocno)l(H .n.e CTaJih c HanoneoHoM. TeM
He MeHee nyTeUieCTBYlOT 3TH HHOCTpaHU:bl B pa3rap BOH-
Hbl COBepUieHHO CB060.LJ.HO: HH ManeiiUieii HenpH51THOCTH
HH c BJiaCT51MH, HH c HaceneHHeM, - KopHHHa caMa
H3YMJI51eTC51.
Mano Toro, HX noe3.n;Ka npeBpamaeTC51 B cnnoUIHoii
npa3.n;HHK. IlpHeMbI y ry6epHaTopoB, 06e.n;b1 y n0Mem11-
KOB, B KHeBe 6an y M:unopa.n.oB:uqa, B MocKBe o6e.n. y
PocTonq:uHa, B IleTep6ypre 6ecnpepbIBHbIH p51.LJ. o6e.n.oB,

• Ho «.npyroM Iiaiipona» IlywKHH (rum, no ICpaiineli Mepe, pac.::ICa3'1HQa

«PocnaBneBa») Ha3LIBaeT rocnolKy .ne CTani. own6o'!no. Iiaiipon ee ne.nomo6JIH·
ean: «Her works are my delight, and so is she herself, for half an hour» ... (Ee KHHrH
MHe npaBllTCll H ona caMa - na non'laca - anzA.).
g ..
227
 npHeMOB, 6anoB, 3aropOllHhIX npa3llHHKOB y rpa<Pa Op-
JIOBa, y HaphIUIKHHhIX, y rpa<Pa CTporanoBa, y KaKoro-To
6oraTeiiruero KYIIQa, - ero <PaMHJIHH rocno:>Ka lle CTaJih
He IIOMHHT; OHa TOJihKO coo6maeT, 'ITO 3TOT KyneQ IIOll-
HHMaJI y ce6si: Ha Kph1rue <Pnar B Te llHH, KOrlla o6ellaJI
llOMa: 03Ha'laJio 3TO o6mee npHrnarueHHe Ha o6ell BceM
ero 3HaKOMhlM . .LJ:o6aBJIIO, 'ITO neTep6yprCKHe npa3llHeCT-
Ba npoHCXOllSIT B aBrycTe, T.e. KaK pa3 nepell EopoAHH-
CKHM cpa:>KeHHeM H He3allOJiro llO 3aHSITHSI <PpaHQy3aMH
MocKBhI!
BoH:Ha, lla:>Ke rpaHAM03Hasi:, B TY nopy ropa3llO MeHhUie
MeHSIJia :>KH3Hh CTpaHhl, 'leM B Hallie BpeMSI . .LJ:a H BeJiaCh
Bellh BOHHa no'ITH 6ecnpephIBHO: B Cyl.l(HOCTH, HeHOpManh-
HhlM COCTOSIHHeM EBpOIIhl Ha'laJia nporunoro BeKa 6hIJI
MHp. AnoKaJIHnCH'leCKHe HacTpoeHHSI 6hlJIH, HO JIIDllH npH-
BhIKJIH H K HHM. rpaHh Me:>KllY JIIDllhMH B 1812 rOllY UIJia
no :>KH3HH H no lleJiaM HanoJieOHa: KTO c HHM, KTO npOTHB
Hero. 0 peBOJIIDQHH eme BCnOMHHaJIH <PaHaTHKH.
Co6cTBeHHO, K peBOJIIDQHH HMeJia HeKoTopoe OTHorue-
HHe H rocnoJKa lle CTaJih. Ee B Ko6nem_\e Ha3hIBaJIH
TO peBOJIEOQHOHHOH BaKxaHKOH, TO peBOJIIDQHOHHOH <PY-
pHeH, - H Ha <i>YPHID, H Ha BaKxaHKY 3Ta 46-JieTHSISI llaMa
ll06peH:rueH: llYUIH noXOllHJia BeChMa Mano. Ho <i>aHaTHKH
npOCTO nporJISilleJIH nepeMeHy noJIHTH'leCKOro BOllOpa3-
lleJia. «PeBOJIIDQHOHHasi: qiypHsi:» B MocKBe MHponID6lrno
6ecellOBaJia c rpa<i>oM PocTon'IHHhIM. 3To H B EBpone
MOrJIO YllHBHTh JIHlllh HeMHOrHX. B BeHe 3pQrepQOr ra6c-
6yprcKoro llOMa, eme HellaBHO 6bIBUIHH TOCKaHCKHM MO-
HapxoM, llPYJKeJIE06Ho pacneBaJI llY3Thl c HOBOH TOCKaHc-
KOH BJiaCTHTeJihHHQeH:, nocaJKeHHOH Ha TpOH HanoJieo-
HOM. A B IlapHJKe 6blBaJIH Be'lepa, Ha KOTOphIX MOJKHO
6hmo yBHlleTh caMoe AHKOe, HenocTHJKHMoe co'leTaHHe
JIEOlleH, - BOT KaK eCJIH 6hl pycCKHe BeJIHKHe KHSl3hSI
Ilo6ellOHOCQeB, MypoMQeB, MHJIIDKOB, KopHHJIOB H Ke-
peHCKHH coruJIHCh B KpeMJie Ha 6oJihUIOM 6aJiy y Jle-
HHHa.

VI.
Bee JKe noJioJKeHHe rocno:>KH lle CTaJih B PoccHH 6hIJIO
He H3 npHSITHhIX.
j{BJieHHe «nopa:>KeH'leCTBa» CTapo, HO nOHSITHe HOBO,
xaK H caMoe cJioBo. EBpona B Ha'laJie XIX CTOJieTHSI eme
He nponHTaJiaCh HaQHOHaJihHOH HlleeH:. Mhl Teneph, Be-
228
posiTHO, YAHBHJIHCh 6b1, ecnu 6h1 Ilonb-EottKyp HJIH c::ip
,ll>KOH CaiiMoH· oKaJaJIHCh Ha CKJIOHe AHeH qneHaMH nep-
CHACKoro HJIH apreHTHHcKoro Ka6uHeTa. Ho pyccKHH MH-
HHCTp HHOCTpaHHbIX AeJI aJieKCaHAPOBCKOro BpeMeHH
rpa<P KanoAHCTpHa KoHqHJI )l(H3Hh Ha AOJI)l(HOCTH r naBhI
rpeqecKoro npaBHTeJibCTBa. TaKHX cnyqaeB 6hIJIO MHoro.
,[(OBOJihHO o6blqHhIM SIBJieHHeM 6bIJIO H TO, qTo Mhl Te-
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BOHCKa noAXOAHJIH K IlapH)l(y.
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pa3rOBOp CJIOBo; HO 3aTO OHa 6hIJia oqeHb CHHCXOAHTeJib-
Ha K npOBHH~HaJibHbIM co6eceAHHKaM, - «KaK MHMOe3-
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0Ha caMa yKaJbrnaeT, HanpHMep, qTo pyccKoe KpenocTHoe
npaBo npHqHHSIJIO eli rope H cMymeHHe, - HaAo AYMaTh,
He CTOJibKO H3-3a KpenOCTHbIX, CKOJibKO H3-3a cxeMbl. B
n pyccHH He B qecTH 6hIJia CB060Aa CJIOBa. B ABCTpHH He
BilOJIHe TOp)l(eCTBOBaJIO HapOAOnpaBCTBO. rocnO)l(a Ae
CTaJih AaBana BCeM 3HaKOMbIM eBponelicKHM npaBHTeJISIM

• IlOJ1b-60HKYP )1(03ecjJ (1873-1972) - cjJpaauy3CKHH ,!UIIlJIOMaT, 6blJI MHHH·

CTpoM HHOCTpaaablX D.eJJ, npeD.CTaBHTeneM <l>paHUHH B JlHre Hauuii; CaiiMoH
.l{JKOH Onc6pyK (1873-1954) - aarnHiiCKHii noJJHTH'ICCKHii D.e11TeJ1b, 3aeuMan
pa3JlH'IHble MHHHCTepcme DOCTbl B npaBHTeJlbCTBaX B°eJJHK06pHTaHHH. - flpUM.
peiJ.

229
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Eii cyJK.n;eHo 6bmo HCIIhITaTh rophxoe pa3o'IapoBaHHe.

VII.
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230
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CTHTYIJ;HH H 6eJ MeHSI», - no6e,ri;HTeJIH KOpCHKaHCKOfO
THpaHa B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH OKaJbIBaJIHCb He nyqrue ero.
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CTaJih TOHac OTKaJanach OT KoMnpoMucca c Byp6oHa-
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caH.ri;poM, H rocy.z:i;apcTBeHHbIMH .n;esiTeJIBMH AHrJIHH.
B nocne.ri;Hue TPH ro.z:i;a )l(H3HH oHa 6hma B CTopoHe OT
60JiblllOH .z:i;oporu HCTOpHH - BbIClllee MB Hee rope. 0Ha
TO nyTeruecTBOBana, TO 0T,ri;b1xana B Konne .

.51 BH,ZJ;eJI He TaK .ri;aBHO 3TOT 3aMOK, .z:i;o CHX nop npH-
Ha,n;Jie)l(alIJ;HH noTOMKaM rocno:>KH .n;e CTaJih. 3aMoK rpo-
231
 Ma,D;HhIH, «cpe.n;HeBeKOBhIH» (xOTh, Ka)l(eTCH, 6e3 «6oi1-
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IJ.hI JiaBOK rOBOpHT npOCTO «le chateam>·. IlpM 3aMKe
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pHBaIOT HeMKM, TOJihKO qTo y3HaBllIHe c HHTepecoM 113
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EBpone 6hrno oqeuh MHoro. HeMano 3.n;ech, .n;OJI)l(HO
6hITh, Benoch 6ece.n; Bee Ha TY )l(e TeMy: «EcnH 6b1 MhI 3TO
3HaJIH paHhllle» ... Bequoe uaHBHOe onpaB.n;autte nnoxttx
IlOJIMTHqecKHX .n;eHTeJieH!

0
«3aMOK» ((/jp.).
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 CnepaucKuii u ,z:i;eKaopucTLI

I.
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OHM Ha co.neiicTBMM 'IJieHOB rocy.napCTBeHHoro CoBeTa
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v •
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3TO TaMHCTBeHHOe CJie,ncTBMe.
IlpeeMCTBeHHaSI CBSl3b Me)l(.ny B033peHMSIMH ,neKa6pM-

• «PyccKall CTapHna», 1898 r., N.! 11, CTp. 348.

" «PyccKHii ApxHB», 1875 r., T. III, CTp. 435

235
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MeTHJl B 3anHCKe, HaXOJJ;SII.UeHCSI npH .n;eJlaX KOMHTeTa; SI
06S13aH BaM cxaJaTh, 'ITO » MeTHJl Ha MHxaiiJia MHxaii-
JIOBH'la CnepaHcKoro H AnexcaH.n;pa CeMeHOBH11a Mop.n;-
BHHOBa, e.n;HHCTBeHHO nOTOMy, 'ITO nepBoro nO'IHTaJl He
BparOM HOBOCTeH, KaK OH MHOrMe BBOJJ;HJl 6y.n;y11H rocy-
236
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lf3 lf3BeCTHeHIIIHX oco6 B rocy.napCTBe. 0 nepBOM .SI CTa-
paJIC.SI Y3HaTh OT IlpaBHTeJI.SI ero Kam~eJI.SipHH EaTeHKOBa
H noJiytJHJI TOJihKO B OTBeT «HeT, EaTJOIIIKa, y Halllero
CTapHKa He Bb1Be.naeI1Ib 'ITO OH .nyMaen> •.
C 3THM coBna.naeT H noKa3aHHe PbmeeBa: «Ha eTo ceH:
nocJie,nHHH (Tpy6eQKou) B03pa3HJI, t.JTO BO BpeMeHHoe
IlpaBJieHHe Ha.no6HhI JIIO.D;H y)J(e H3BeCTHhie BceH: PoccHH H
npe.D;JIO)l(HJI K TOMY Mop,nBHHOBa H CnepaHcKoro. Ha t.JTO
Bee corJiaCHJIHCh . .$! TaK)J(e 6bIJI c HMM COrJiaCeH, If c
caMoro Toro BpeMeHH no 14 .neKa6p.SI MhICJih CH.SI B CeBep-
HOM 06mecTBe OCTaBaJiaCb Helf3MeHHOIO» ••.
3.nech pa3HOrJiaCHH y .neKa6pHCTOB HeT. Ho cJie,ncTBHe,
pa3yMeeTc.SI, HHTepecyeTc.SI .npyrHM BonpocoM. EMy Heo6-
xo,nHMO BhI.SICHHTh, 3HaJI JIM CnepaHCKHH o TOM, t.ITO ero
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cnpallIHBaeT ynopHo ~ noKa3aHH.SI Tep.SIIOT onpe.neJieH-
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Ho: «HHKTO lf3 HHX 0 HaMepeHhlf HallleM MM (Mop,nBHHOBY
H CnepaHcKoMy) He roBopHJI, H OHH o cymecTBoBaHHH
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BaeT o6mecTBO c r. CnepaHCKHM H 'ITO o6mecTBO HMeeT
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«CyTro<l>y, KaK tJJieHy o6mecTBa, 6oJiee eme, KaK MOeMy
.npyry .SI MOr nepe.naBaTh MOH H Il0.[(03peHH.SI; HO He HMe.SI
.SICHhIX ,ll;OKa3aTeJibCTB, .SI CtJHTaJI 6eccoBeCTHhIM B ;::i;eJIO
CTOJih nary6Hoe BMellIHBaTb reHepaJia EpMOJIOBa H roc-
IlO,ll;HHa CnepaHcKoro. OT PhIJieeBa .SI CJihIIIIaJI, t.JTO reHe-
paJI EpMOJIOB 3HaeT o cymecTBOBaHHH 06mecTBa; PhIJieeB
)Ke roBOpHJI MHe, 'ITO 6y;::i;TO 6bI r. CnepaHCKHH npHHH-
MaeT yt.JaCTHe B o6mecTBe; HO PhmeeB ot.JeHh t.JacTo ce6e
npOTHBOpetIHJI, H IlOTOMY .SI He ;::i;a10 MHOro Bephl CJIOBaM
ero: OH O,ll;HH pa3 CKa3aJI MHe, 'ITO r. CnepaHCKHH «Halll».
Ha ;::i;pyroH: )Ke ;::i;eHh roBopHT: «OH 6y;::i;eT Halll, MhI Ha Hero
;::i;eHCTByeM t.Iepe3 EaTeHKOBa» ••••. TaK noKa3hIBaeT (3 .SIH-
Bap.SI 1826 ro;::i;a) KaxoBCKHH. PhIJieeB oTpHQaeT: «HHKor;::i;a
He roBopHJI .SI HH KaxoBcKoMy, HH KOMY ;::i;pyroMy, t.JTO y
Hae eCTh JIIO,[(H H B CeHaTe, H B rocy;::i;apCTBeHHOM CoBeTe,

' BoccraHHe ,l(eKa6pHCTOB, T. 1, CTp. 45.

" TaM llCe, crp. 176.
•::: TaM llCe, crp. 232.
TaM llCe, crp. 344.
237
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qepe3 I>aTeHKosa»·. MeJI<.LJ.Y PhmeeBhIM H KaxoscKHM
ycTpawsaeTc.si O'IHa.si cTaBKa. KaJI<)J.hIH ocTaeTc.si npw
CBOeM noKa3aHHH.
BoT, co6cTBeHHO, w Bee. KTo npaB, HeHJBeCTHO. Tpy.z:i.-
HO .z:i.onyCTHTb, 'ITO I>aTeHKOB, qenoBeK Hec.z:i.epJI<aHHbIH
H HeBpacTeHH'leCKHH no npHpo.z:i.e, B pa3roBopax co Cne-
paHCKHM RH pa3y )J.aJI<e HaMeKOM He KOCHync.si 3ar0Bopa.
KaK 6b1 TO HH 6bmo, cne.z:i.cTBHe .z:i.e11aeT Bhrno.z:i.: Ha.LJ.eJI<.z:i.a
Ha yqacTHe CnepaHcKoro «6hlna TOJibKO BhI.LJ.yMaHHOIO H
6onTOBHeIO .z:i.n.si yBne'leHH.sI nerKoBepHbIX». CrropHTh c
BhIBO.LJ.OM He npHXO.LJ.HTc.si. 0.z:i.HaKo cnoBa EopoBKOBa «no
TO'IHei1:rneM H3bICKaHHH o6HapyJI<HJIOCb» Bbl3bIBaIOT H
HeKOTOpoe He.z:i.oyMeHHe: 3TO JIH «TO'IHeHrnee H3bICKaHHe»?
EoposKoB, KOTOphIH, co6cTBeHHo, pyKoBO.LJ.Hn BceM cne-
.LJ.CTBeHHhIM )J.eJIOM, 6bIJI qenoBeK HernynhlH H rrpeKpaCHO
noHHMan, 'ITO .z:i.eKa6pHCTbI MornH He ry6HTh CnepaH-
CKoro .z:i.aJI<e B TOM cnyqae, ecnH OH npHHHMan yqacTHe
B Hx .z:i.ene.
TaK HJIH HHa'le, nesHHOBHOCTb 6blBWero rocy.z:i.apcT-
BeHHoro ceKpeTap.si KaK 6y)J.TO Bbl.s!CH.s!eTC.s! B caMOM Ha-
qane cne.LJ.CTBH.si. IlHCbMO KH. Tpy6eu,Koro EeHKeH.z:i.op<fJy
HanHcano 26 .z:i.eKa6p.si 1825 ro.z:i.a. Ku. 06oneHCKHH CBoe
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mecTBa COBeprneHHO He 3HaJIH» .z:i.enaeT .LJ.BYM.s! )J.H.s!MH
noJ.LJ.Hee - 28 .z:i.eKa6p.si. KaJanocb 6bl, cpa3y TBep.z:i.o
ycTaHaBnHBaeTc.si, 'ITO Bee 6hlno «60JITOBHeIO MR yBne-
qemrn nerKoBepHbIX». Ho BOT 'ITO paccKa3hIBaeT - yJI<e
He Ha cne)J.CTBHH, a B CBOHX BOCilOMHHaHH.s!X - KH.s!3b Tpy-
6eu,KOH .. :
«28 'IHCJia MapTa, rrocne o6e.z:i.a, OTBOp.s!IOT )J.Bepb MO-
ero HOMepa ••• H BXO.LJ.HT reHepan-a.LJ.'bIOTaHT EeHKeH.D.op<fJ,
BhIChinaeT o<fJHu,epa H nocne He3Ha'lymHx JaMe'laHHH o
cb1pocTH Moero JI<HJIHlll,a, ca)J.HTC.si Ha CTyn H rrpocHT MeH.si
ceCTb. 51 ceJI Ha KpOBaTb.
011•••• (1ie111.:e11)J.opct>). 51 rrpHrnen K BaM OT HMeHH Ero
Ben11qecTBa. Bbl .LJ.OJIJI<HhI npe.z:i.cTaBHTh ce6e, 'ITO roBopH-
Te c caMHM MMnepaTopoM. B 3TOM cJ1yqae .si TOJihKO
Heo6xo)J.HMhIH rrocpe.LJ.HHK. O'leHh ecTeCTBeHHO, 'ITO MM-

' BoccTaHHe .lJ.eKa6pHcros, T. I, crp. 201.

.. 3anHCKH KHll3ll c. n. Tpy6eQKoro. Cn6, 1907 r., crp. 55.
"' B AJieKceeBCKOM paseJIHHe.
"" Pa3rosop npoHCXOAHJI no-«j>paauy3CKH. HenpasHJibHOCTb «j>paHuy3cKoii pe-
'IH HCCKOJibKO YAHBJilleT.

238
nepaTop caM He MOJKeT npHiiTH cIO,ua; sac II03BaTb K ce6e
,UJUl Hero 6bIJIO 6bI HeIIpHJIH'IHO; cne.uosaTeJibHO, MeJK.UY
BaMH H HM Heo6xo,UHM nocpe,UHHK. Pa3rOBOp Hall OCTa-
HeTCR TaHHOH .UJIR Bcero CBeTa, KaK 6y.UTO 6bI OH npoHC-
XO.UHJI MeJK.uy BaMH H caMHM rocy.uapeM. Ero BeJIH'leCTBO
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ero CHHCXO.UHTeJibHOCTb, H BOT .UOKa3aTeJibCTBO ee.
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sac. MoJKHO 6h1Tb .uo6pb1M, MOJKHO 6bITb MHnocep,uHbIM,
HO BCeMy eCTb rpaHH[\bl. 3aKOH npe.uocTaBmleT 11Mnepa-
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3aTb CBOIO IIpH3HaTeJibHOCTb.
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nospe.UHT CnepaHCKOMy, OH Bbillle 3Toro. OH Heo6xo.UHM,
HO rocy;:i;apb XO'leT TOJlbKO 3HaTb, )J;O KaKOH CTeneHH OH
MOJKeT .uosepRTb CrrepaHcKoMy .
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HOBeHHblX CBeTCKHX OTHOllleHHH.
Ou. Ho Bbl paccKa3bIBaJIH KoMy-To o sameM pa3-
rosope c CrrepaHCKHM. Bbl ,uaJKe coseToBaJIHCb c HHM o
6y.uymeii KOHCTHTYI.\HH PocCHH .
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JIH B 3a6nyJK;:i;eHHe.
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239
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3TOM, a Bbl o6513aHbl eMy 60JibllIOlO 6naro.napHOCTblO, Bbl
He MO:>KeTe ce6e npe.ncTaBHTb, 'ITO OH .nenaeT M51 eac.
On51Tb roeopIO BaM, 'ITO OH npecTynaeT OTHOCHTeJibHO
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lfeT' 'IT06bl Bbl BaIIIeM OTKpOBeHHOCTblO .[{OKa3aJIH eMy
CBOIO npH3HaTeJibHOCTb.
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HO He Mory :>Ke 51 KJieBeTaTb Ha Koro 6bl TO HH 6blJIO; He
Mory :>Ke 51 roeopHTb TO, lfero HHKor.na He cnylfanocb.
rocy.napb He MO:>KeT Ha.[{e51TbC51, 'IT06bl 51 Bbl.[{YMaJI pa3-
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KOTOporo He 6blJIO.
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6euKoro cnpaIIIueaIOT TOJibKO o CnepaHCKOM H BC51lfeCKH

240
 no,1J,'Iepxuea10T orpoMHOe 3HalfeHHe ,!J,orrpoca. Crrparnuea-
eT xax 6b1 caM Qaph: «Vous devez considerer comme si
vous parliez avec l'Empereur lui-meme»·, - u xax crrpa-
rnueaeT: «Prenez garde, prince Troubetskoy, vous savez
que vous etes entre la vie et la mort!» •• Bee 3TO rrpouc-
XO,!J,HT 28 MapTa - qepe3 TPH MeC.SIQa IIOCJie IIHChMa
Tpy6eQxoro! 0lfeBH,!J,HO, olf>uQuaJihHOMY cJie,n:crnu10 B
3TOM eonpoce HMrrepaTop He rrpu,1J,aeT HHKaxoif eepb1.
CJie,1J,CTBeHHa.S1 KOMHCCH.SI eorrpoca rro-HaCTO.SIID;eMy He
pa3pernuJia. He pa3pernuJia ero u ucTopu.S1. MHoroe 3,!J,ech
OCTaeTC.SI He.SICHhlM. qepe3 TpH,!J,QaTb JieT IIOCJie ,!J,eKa6phC-
KOro ;:i;eJia, B 1854 ro;:i;y, rrpecrnpeJiblH :SaTeHKOB (6bIBilIHH
6Jin:>KaifrnuM lfeJioeeKOM K CrrepaHCKOMy), OTBelfa.SI Ha
Bonpocb1 rrpolf>. TiaxMaHa, rrucaJI eMy: «Euorpalf>u.SI Crre-
paHcxoro coe;:i;uH.S1eTC.S1 co MHO)l(eCTBOM .n:pyrux 6uorpa-
lf>uu..• 06 UHblX 606ce Z06opumb He/lb3!l, a ecmb u maKoco
MH020, ttmo npa60a He Mo:>1eem 6blmb 06Hapy:>1eeHa» ....
PeJyJihTaT cJie;:i;cTBH.SI oxaJaJIC.SI coBeprneHHO HeO)l(H-
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3aKaHlfHeaeT CBOH pa60ThI, yqpe)l(;:i;aeTC.SI BepxoBHhIH yro-
JIOBHhiii cy;:i;. M B COCTaB ero Ha3HatfaeTC.SI lfJieH rocy;:i;ap-
CTBeHHOro CoBeTa M. M. CrrepaHCKHH! OH JJ:OJI)l(eH cy-
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nparnHBaJIH, He 6hIJI JIH HOBhIH cy,n:h.SI coyqacTHHKOM npe-
CTyIIJieHH.SI.
TioCTyrrox Qap.SI JJ:OBOJihHO nOH.SITeH: Ha3HalfeHue Cne-
paHcxoro B cy.n: Ha.n: .n:exa6pHCTaMH 6hIJIO, c OJJ:HOH CTOpo-
Hhl, aKTOM MeCTw····, c .n:pyroif - JJ:HKTOBaJIOCh npOCThlM
rroJIHTHlfeCKHM pactfeTOM. 0Ho MopaJihHO ry6HJIO Cne-
paHcxoro. Cy,n:h.SI .n:exa6pHCTOB y)l(e He Mor 6hITh onaceH B
KalfecTBe BO)l(JJ:.SI JIH6epanhHoro JJ:BH)l(eHH.SI. KpoMe Toro, B
Eeporre 3HaJIH 6hrnrnero rocy.n:apcTBeHHoro cexpeTap.S1:
ero HM.SI 6hIJIO rapaHTHeif KYJihTypHoro npaBocy;:i;m1.

II.
0 xo;:i;e pa6oT B cy.n:e Ha;:i; ;:i;exa6pHCTaMH HaM H3BeCTHO
MaJIO, 0 pOJI.SIX B HeM OTJJ:eJihHhlX cy.n:eu - em;e MeHhlIIe .

• «BLI .llOJJlKHbl C'UITaTb, 'ITO l'OBOpHTe c caMHM HMilepaTOpOM» ( rfip.).

•• «6epemTecb, KH113b Tpy6eQKoii, Bbl 3HaeTe, 'ITO Bbl uaxo,llHTecb MelK.lly
llOCJHblO H CMCpTblO!» ( rjjp.)
••• ,l{eu6pHCTbl. HeH3,llaHHble MaTepHa.llbl H CTaTbH. MOCKBa, 1925 r., CTp. 181.
•••• 0 eenaBHCTH, KOTOpyio B TY nopy CnepaHCKHii Bbl3blBaJI B HMnepaTope
Hln:oJJae I, ynoMHnaeT KHllrHHll JIHseu, '1pe3Bbl'laiiuo 6JJH3KO CT011Bwa11 K uapcKoii
ceMbC.

241
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6naro.napS1 CBOeMy He06hIKHOBeHHOMY xpacHope•IHIO, no-
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MeCTO COBeprneHHO HCKJIIOqHTeJibHOe. Tax OHO ,neHCTBHTe-
JlbHO H 6hIJIO. CnepaHCKHH cTaJI ,nyrnoro BepxosHoro
yroJIOBHOfO cy,na.
Kax H3BeCTHO, cy.n Ha,n ,nexa6pHCTaMH 6hIJI csoeo6pa3-
HhIH. 3amHTa 6bIJia npH3HaHa H3JIHllIHeM, no,ncy,nHMbIX He
.nonparnHBaJIH, noS1BJieHHeM B cy.n He 6ecnoxoHJIH. Oco-
6oif KOMHCCHH 6hIJIO TOJlbKO npe,[{JIO)KeHO onpOCHTb no.n-
cy,nHMbIX, BepHO JIH H3JIO)KeHhl noKa3aHHSI, ,naHHhie HMH
Ha cne,ncTBHH. Cy,ny B noJIHOM cocTase, co6cTBeHHO, 6hIJIO
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BbI,[{eJieHHbIM H3 COCTaBa cy,na. 0,nHa H3 HHX ,neJIHJia no.n-
cy,nHMbIX no pa3pS1,naM - KOfO qeTBepTOBaTh, KOfO noBe-
CHTh, KOfO COCJiaTb B KaTOp)!(Hbie pa60Tbl. ,[(pyra.SI co-
CTaBHJia ,[{OKJia,[{ 0 Kapax.
CnepaHCKHH, e,nHHCTBeHHhIM H3 scero ,noBOJihHO MHO-
roq11cJ1eHHoro COCTaBa cy,na, BOllleJI B o6e KOMHCCHH. 3To
caMO no ce6e CBH,[{eTeJlbCTByeT 0 TOM, KaKyIO pOJib OH
11rpaJ1 B BepxoBHOM yroJIOBHOM cy,ne. ,[(JI.SI cocTaBJiemrn
,noKJia,na u.apro 6hIJIH H36paHhI CnepaHCKHH, ceHaTop Ka-
3a,naeB H reH.-a,[{'hIOTaHT oop03.[{HH. IlpH TaKOM COCTaBe
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roJiosy 6b1 He np11rnJ10 B3SITh B PYKH nepo B rrp11cyTCTBHH
HX 3HaMeHHTOfO TOBapmu.a.
,[(0KJ1a,n cy.na H3BecTeH. OH npHHa,nJie)KHT CnepaHc-
KoMy. 3TOT ,[{OKJla,[{ MaCTepCKH COCTaBJieH, B po.ne J1yqrn11x
3an11coK CnepaHcKoro, H Harr11caH TeM npeKpacHhIM S13hI-
KOM, KOTOphIM OH o,nHH B TY nopy n11caJ1 B Pocc1m •.
0 co,nep)KaHHH )Ke ,noKyMeHTa J1yqrne, no)KaJiyif, He
pacrrpocTpaH.SITbCSI - H3 ysa)KeHHSI K naMSITH oqeHb 60J1b-
rnoro qeJ10BeKa. ,[(ocTaToqHo CKa3aTh, qTo B HeM ecTh
TaKaSI cppa3a: «Xorn MHJ1ocep.n1110, OT caMo,nep)Kameit
BJiaCTH HCXO.[{SlmeMy, 3aKOH He MO)KeT nOJIO)KHTb HHKaKHX
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' Orp0Mua11 CTHJJHCTH'lecKa11 3acnyra CnepaHcKoro o6bl'IHO 3a6blsaeTCll. ITy-

WKHHY POCCHll 06113aHa CBOHM JJHTepaTypHblM CTHJJeM; CnepaHCKHH C03.D;aJJ npeso-
CXO.D;HblH .D;CJJOBOH pyccKHH 113blK, TOT «Ka3eHHblH CTHJJb», ua.n KOTOpblM npH-
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My, npesocxo.n11 ero B HCKOTOpblX .npyrux OTHOWCHHllX. npe.nweCTBCHHHKOM Cne-
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po.nKo.

242
HOBe1me npe.n.cTaBMTh, qTo ecTh cTeneHM npecTynneHMSI,
CTOJlh BbICOKHe H c o6rr~eIO 6e3onacHOCTblO rocy.n.apCTBa
CTOJlh CMe)l(Hbie, qTo caMOMy MHJIOCep,lJ.HIO OHM, Ka)l(eTCSI,
,lJ.OJl)l(Hbl 6b!Th He,lJ.OCTYilHbI».
12 HIOJISI (HaKan:yn:e Ka31111) ace qnen:b1 Bepxoan:oro
cy.n.a M3 CeHaTa B KapeTax OTnpaBMJIMCh B KOMeH.n.aHT-
CKHH .D.OM IleTponaenoecxoi1 xpenocTM - o6'hSIBMTh npM-
roeop ocy)l(.IJ.eHHhIM. 3ace.n.an:we n:aqanoch oxono qacy. «B
6JTH)l(ai1rnei1 KOMHaTe, - roBopMT ren:. IIIHJih.D.ep, - Ha-
XO.D.HJICSI npoToMepei1 MbICJIOBCKHif, nexapb M .D.Ba IJ,M-
pIOJihHHKa c npMrOTOBJTeHMSIMM .D.JISI KpoaonycxaHm1. Mx
qeJTOBeKOJTI06HBaSI nOMOlll,b, O.D.HaKO, HH .D.JISI xoro He no-
Tpe6oBaJiaCh. flo CBH,lJ.eTeJibCTBY oqeBM.D.IJ,a, BeChMa He-
MHOrHe OCY)l(,lJ.eHHhie BbIKa3aJIM HeKOTOpoe CMylll,eHMe, Bbl-
CJIYllIHBaSI npMrOBOp cy.D.a».
Bo epeMSI 3Toi1 rnexcnMpoecxoi1 cIJ,eHhI M. M. Cne-
paHCKHif Mor yBM.D.eTh JIIO.D.ei1, ocy)l(.D.eHHhIX MM Ha cMepTb
Ja peB011101~MIO, x0Topy10 OHM ycTpOHJIH .D.JISI Toro, qTo6bl
noca.n.HTh ero B npaBMTeJIM rocy.napCTBa. CnepaHCKMH xo-
porno 3HaJI MHOrMx .D.eSITeJieH .D.eKa6phCKOro BOCCTaHM.SI.
0.D.MH H3 HMX (oaTeHKOB) 6bIJI ero 6JIH)l(allllIHM .D.pyroM.
B.D.o6aeox H3 121 ocy)l(.D.eHHoro 24, B TOM qHcne Tpoe
npHroeopeHHhIX K qeTBepToBaHMIO (IlecTeJib, Pb111eeB M
C. MypaBheB-AnocTon), 6bIJIM 6pambfl: CnepaHCKHH B
1810 ro.D.y BCTYilMJI B MaCOHCKMH Op.D.eH.
YqacTMe B BepxoBHOM yronoBHOM cy.D.e Ha.D. .D.exa6-
pMcTaMH ne.D.erneBo .D.anoch CnepancxoMy. Ero 6Morpa<f>,
6apoH Kop<f>, Tlll,aTeJihno o6xo.D..SI 3TY cTpanMIJ,Y )l(M3HM
cBoero reposi, y.D.eJISI.SI ei1 mpu<>11amb cmpoK B KHMre B
ceMbCOT CTpaHHIJ,, roBOpMT rnyxo: «Bee 3TM 3aH.SITM.SI, no
caMOMY xapaKTepy CBOeMy, qpe3Bb1qaifHO T.SirOCTHO no-
.D.eHCTBOBaJIM n:a .D.YX Cnepancxoro. IloJio)l(enMe ero 6hIJIO
TeM y)l(acnee, qTo HeKOTOpbie M3 HecqaCTHhIX, no,ll;naBllIMX
06sMnenw10 H noTOM ocy)l(.D.enHIO, 6bIJIH JIHqno eMy 3Ha-
KOMhl M BXO)l(M K neMy B .D.OM, a O.D.MH )l(MJI y nero H
IlOJib30BaJICSI oco6oi1 ero npMS13HhlO M .D.OBepeHHOCThlO.
JJ:oqh. nMrneT B CBOMX 3anMCKax, qTo B 3TO MyqMTeJibHOe
BpeM.SI OHa Hepe,ll;KO BM,lJ.eJia OTIJ,a B Tep3aHM.SIX M co CJie3a-
MH Ha rJI:!3ax M qTo OH ,l];a)l(e noxyrnaJIC.SI COBCeM OCTaBMTb
cny)l(6y» ...

' ,ll;o'lb CnepancKoro, E M Cl>ponoea-6arpeeea.

" 6apo11 M. Kopel>. JICH3Hb rpatj>a CnepaucKoro, Cn6, 1861 r, T. II,
CTp. 309.

243
 III.
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KOMY HH'Iero He 6bIJIO H3BeCTHO 0 cne,n:CTBHH, KOTOpoe
Ha.Li: HHM Benoch. CnHllIKOM MHoro nw,n:eii 3HaJIH 06 noM
cne,n:cTBHH, ,n:n.si Toro 'IT06h1 CnepaHCKHH, npH ero rpo-
Ma,n:HhIX cB.si3.six, Mor o HeM He 3HaTh. Hccne,n:oBaTeJIH H
,n:onparnHBaeMhie 6hlJIH .ri:o6ph1e 3HaKOMhie HJIH, no Kpaii-
Heii Mepe, JIIO.D:H o,n:Horo c HHM Kpyra. CnepaHCKHH He Mor
He 3HaTh, KaKa.sI yrpo3a Ha.Li: HHM IIOBHCJia. 3To 6bIJIO
noxy)l(e, 'IeM no,n:o3peHH.si, 3a TpHHa.D:QaTh neT .ri:o Toro
IIOBJieKrnHe ,n:n.si Hero KaTaCTpocpy.
Ha.ri:o ce6e npe,n:cTaBHTh ncHxonornqecKyw aTMoccpepy
Tex ,n:HeH. roBOp.sIT 06 o6m;eM CO'IYBCTBHH pyccKoro 06-
m;eCTBa ,n:eKa6pHCTaM. JI Tll.J;eTHO HID;Y HarJI.sI.D:HhlX .ri:o-
Ka3aTeJihCTB :noro o6m;ero CO'IYBCTBH.sl. 0 npOCTOM Hapo-
.ri:e Mhl HMeeM He,n:aBHO ony6JIHKOBaHHOe CBH,n:eTeJihCTBO
ceKpeTHoro areHTa BHcKoBaToro: «HaqanH 6ap BernaTh H
cchmaTh Ha KaTopry, )l(aJih, 'ITO Bcex He nepeBeCHJIH, .ri:a
XOTh 6bI o,n:Horo KHYTOM OTO,n:paJIH H c HaMH nopaBIDIJIH;
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qaCTh BhIClllero o6m;eCTBa, IIO CJIOBaM areHTa, rnenOTOM
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,n:o6poTe CBOeH BTHXOMOJIKY xo,naTaHCTBOBaJI 0 HeKOTO-
pbIX H3 HHX. TIOT'leB TO)l(e He IIOQepeMOHHJIC.sI B BbipaJKe-
HH.sIX: «Hapo.u, qy)l(_na.sich BepOJIOMCTBa, IIOHOCHT BallIH
HMeHa ... » - roBOpHT ero CTHXOTBOpeHHe, BIIpO'IeM, .uBY-
CMhICJieHHOe H npOTHBOpe'IHBOe. qero 6hIJIO JK,UaTb OT
JIIO,UeH o6blKHOBeHHhIX? TipOH30llIJIO TO, 'ITO BO Bcex
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MomaJJeBCKOl'O H IO. r. 0KCMaua, MocKBa, 1925 r., CTp. 40 .
•• «KaKOH YJKaC!» ( (/jp.)

244
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uoro yronoBuoro cy.na ceuaTop JlaBpoB Tpe6oBaJI qernep-
TOBaHHR rneCTH,neCRTH Tpex qeJioBeK.
CnepaucKHH HcnyrancR - H HMeJI .D:JIR 3Toro ocHoBa-
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no,noJpeHHR - 3TO .neiicTBHTeJihHO 6bIJIO cTparnHo. Ho OT
MeCTa B KOMHCCHRX, OT COCTaBJieHHR .D:OKJia,na CnepaHC-
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qTo B KOMHCCHH BbI6HpaIOT TOJihKO Tex, KTO B HHX )l(eJiaeT
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HHK npH6JIH3HTeJihHO TaKoro )Ke xapaKTepa H CTOJih )Ke

' Kop<j>, T. I, CTp. 18-24

245
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,l\JISI ero 011eptteHHSI HH'lero nyTHOro He MOfJIH npM,l\yMaTb.
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npe3peuue K JII-O.n;siM, KOTopoe OH nnaTeJihHO H 6e3ycnern-
HO CKpbIBaJI. «Son ame et son orguei) ne sont pas d'un
genre ordinaire, un tel caractere ne se nourrit pas des
choses qui peuvent satisfaire le vulgaire des hommes... II
sait dompter Jes petites passions, parce qu'il se livre a
la
plus violente de toutes, a l'orgueil et au mepris des horn-

' KaMep-<j>ypi,cp - B PoccHH HMnepaTOpcKHii npH.nsopublii 'IHHOBHHK

6-ro KJJacca Ben 3anHCb .llBOPUOBblX uepeMOHHii H 6b!Ta uapcKoii CCMbH.-
llpUM. peiJ.

246
 mes»·, - roBOpHT 0 HeM H3BeCTHa.si: Jarrnexa 1812 ro.l(a.
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IIIHH. CnepaHCKHH He 6h1JI JIHQeMepoM, HO B HpaBcTBeH-
HOM OTHOIIIeHHH OH 6hIJI eJIO)KHOH CMeCbIO, KaK, BnpoqeM,

' «Ero ,qywa H ero rop,qocr& ue cosceM o6bl'!Horo po.ita, no.ito6ublii xapaKTep
He UHTaeTCll semaMH, KOTOpble MoryT YAOBneTBOpHTb o6bl'!HblX mo,qeii. Ou yMeeT
yKpomaTb CBOH MenKHe CTpaCTH, UOCKOnbKY OH npe,qaeTCll caMoii 6yiiuoii H3 HHX:
ropAb!HC H npe3peHHIO» (rjip.).
" JlH1.1eMep ( zpe11 )

247
H B yMcTseuuou o6nacTH: noAJIHHHhIH qenoseK XVIII se-
Ka, c 6e3rpauuquoi1: sepou B pa3yM, B «ycTanosnemrn», B
nHcauoe npaso, OH 6bIJI 0)1.HOBpeMeHHO TyMaHHhIM MH-
CTHKOM. «.51 caM cefo1 e}l,Ba JIM nouuMaIO», - nucan Cne-
paHCKMH B )l.HeBHMK MaJihqMKOM. Mo)l(eT 6hlTh, OH TaK
cefo1 )l.O Konu:a u ue nomw.
Ponh ero B nocne)l.nMe ro)l.hI aneKcau)l.poscKoro u:apcT-
sosauusi 6bwa ueonpe)l.eneHHasi M cTpaHHasi. CospeMeH-
HMK (JI. roneumu:es-KyTy30B) paCCKa3bIBaeT, qTO B03Bpa-
ll(eHMe ua cJiy)l(6y 6brnruero rocy)l.apcTseuuoro ceKpeTapsi
nocne CChIJIKM no)l.eHcTBOBano ua yMhI TaK, KaK secTh o
6ercTBe HanoneoHa c ocTposa 3nh6a. CnepaucKuif caM
6brn noqTM yBepeH, qTo AneKcau)l.p BepHeT eMy MMJIOCTh
u npe)l(HIOIO BJiaCTh. Ho B :noM OH ornu6csi. HenoHSITHhIH,
3anyTaHHbIH poMaH u:apsi c ceMMHapHCTOM OCTaJICSI 6e3
3nunora u pa3'bSICHeHMSI. BpeMSI rnno. B npaBMTeJihCTBO
CnepaHcKoro He 3Banu. Ou TO ua)l.esincsi, TO Tepsin ua-
)l.e)l()l.y. BnonHe B03MO)l(HO, qTo B 1825 ro)l.y 6brnruuif
u:apCKMH JII06MMeU: CTaJI HeMHOrO Ha}l,eSITbCSI M Ha Opyzoe.
«):(Hen AneKcaH)l.pOBhix npeKpacuoe Haqano» He B03Bpall(a-
noch. CnepaucKMH ue Mor se)l.h sce-TaKM 3a6b1Th, qTo
nepsoif )l.aToif «npeKpacuoro uaqana» 6h1JI0 11 MapTa
1801 ro)l.a.

v.
Bb16op Me)l()l.y BJiaCTblO " onn03MU:MeH, Me)l()l.y BOCCTa-
HMeM u npucnoco6neuueM - ue uosasi MopaJihHo-nonu-
TMqecKasi npo6neMa. Ho, 6bITh MO)l(eT, HMKOr)l.a npo6ne-
Ma 3Ta He BCTaBaJia B TaKOM qucTOM BM)l.e, KaK 3)1.eCh, Ha
pacnyThe HOBOH pyccKOH ucTopuu. BnepBbie nocne )l.MHa-
cTuqecKux pacnpeu, nocne )l.Bopu:osh1x nepesopoToB npo-
M3ornna B POCCHH M)l.eifuasi IlOJIMTMqecKaSI peBOJIIOU:HSI.
C)l.enanu ee 6ecKopbICTHhre JIIO)l.M.
Ho O)l.HOBpeMeuuo nepe)l. TOH )l(e npo6neMOH cTaJI
6oJibl110H rocy)l.apCTBeHHbIH qeJIOBeK, 0)1.MH M3 CaMbIX 3a-
MeqaTeJihHbIX B pyccKOH HCTOpHH. HeSICHOCTh, Mbl BH}l,e-
JIM, oKpy)l(aeT }l,ena M MhICJIM M. M. CnepaucKoro B
nepuo)l., npe)l.rnecTBOBaBrnMn 14 )l.eKa6psi. Ero n106uMasi
248
 norOBOpKa 6hrna: «KTO MeTeT H36y CHH3y?» J.fa6y 6hIJIO
TPY.D:HO MeCTH H CHH3y, H CBepxy.
Hrpy ChirpaJIH ,n:pyrne, H ChirpaJIH ee Hey.n:a11Ho. Ha11a-
JIOCh HHKOJiaeBCKOe QapCTBOBaHHe. HHKTO He MOr TO'IHO
3HaTh, KaKoBo oHo 6y,n:eT. B HOBOM .n:eiicTBHH HY)l(HO
6hlJIO Bh16paTh pOJih.
CnepaHCKHii c,n:eJiaJI Bh16op - H TaK)l(e noJIO)l(HJI Ha-
11aJio 60JihlllOH Tpa,n:HQHH, IlOCJie,n:HHM npe,n:cTaBHTeJieM
KOTopoii 6h1JI B Poccnn rpacp BHTTe, BO MHoroM ero
HailOMHHaIOII\HH.
«CKy,n:HOH KpOBH» He XBaTHJIO, 'IT06hl pacTOilHTh
<<Be11HhIH nomoc». HacTpoeHHSI CnepaHcKoro, BeposiTHO,
6hlnH po,n:CTBeHHhl TlOT'leBCKHM.
BeposiTHo, OH Telllnn ce6si Ha,n:e)l(.n:oii, 11To, ,n:oKa3aB
CBOIO 6naroHa,n:e)l(HOCTh, CTaHeT MHHHCTpOM, COBeT'IH-
KOM HOBoro Qapsi. Ho npn TOH aTMoccpepe no,n:03peHHH,
B KOTopoii .n:nsi CnepaHcKoro Ha'IHHanoch HOBoe QapcT-
BOBaHHe, Qenh Morna 6b1Th .D:OCTHrHyTa nHlllh TSJ)l(enoii
QeHOH.
,L(oKna.n: .n:on)l(eH 6hrn BepHyTh CnepaHCKOMY BnacTh. B
ero .n:anhHeHllleH TBOp'leCKOH pa6oTe H .n:on)l(Ha 6h1na
HaHTH onpaB,n:aHHe KpOBb ,n:eKa6pHCTOB.
Ha.n:e)l(,n:hI He c6hlnHch. 3ToMy MOHapxncTy He Be3no c
QapsiMH. 0HH He n106unu ero u 6osiJIHCh. Ha.n:o, Bnpo11eM,
cKa3aTh u To, 'ITO BCSI xaphepa CnepaHcxoro 6hrna 6h1,
BepOSITHO, HeMbICnHMOH B .n:pyrux MOHapxu11eCKHX CTpa-
HaX Toro BpeMeHH. B AHrnuu Ha11ana XIX cToneTHSI c
rocy.n:apCTBeHHbIM ,n:eSITeneM e,n:Ba nu Morna 6hI cny'IHTbCSI
KaTacTpocpa, nocTnrlllasi B 1812 ro.n:y CnepaHcxoro. Ho B
AHrnuu Ha11ana XIX CToneTHSI 11enoBeK, no.n:o6HhIH eMy,
Boo6rne He Mor npHHTH K BnaCTH: BCSI HCTOpHSI CTapoii
Benuxo6puTaHuu ecTb ucTopusi BeJIHKo6puTaHcKoii apu-
CTOKpaTHH.
KaK 6b1 TO HH 6hlno, ponh CnepaHcxoro B QapcTBOBa-
HHe HHKOnaSI IlaBnOBH'la OKa3anach BTOpOCTeneHHOH, ec-
nu He TpeTbeCTeneHHOH. IlpaB,n:a, OH H Ha TaKOH ponu
cyMen co3,n:aTb CBo,n: 3aKOHOB.
CnepaHCKHH nocne pa3rpoMa .n:exa6pucToB Mor HaBce-
r .n:a BhIHTH H3 noJIHTH11ecxoii )l(H3HH. B nanKe «MaTepu-
anoB .n:nsi 6uorpacpuu» He 6hrno 6h1 CBo,n:a 3aKoHoB, HO He
6hIJIO 6bI H .D:OKna.n:a 0 .n:exa6pHCTax.
249
 J1H1JHhIH Bonpoc 6Horpacl>H11ecKOH ueHHOCTH MO)KeT
pernaThCjl no-pa3HoMy. Hy)KHO, KOHe11Ho, H 3,n:ecb npH-
Hj{Th BO BHHMaHHe 3noxy: CTOHT TOJihKO BCilOMHHTh,
'ITO npo,n:eJihIBaJm - y)K 6e3 BCj{KHX H,n:eHHhIX coo6-
pa)KeHHH - 3HaMeHHThie coBpeMeHHHKH CnepaHCKoro:
Taneil:paHhI, EapephI, <l>yrne!.. 3TOT 11enoBeK H co CBOH-
MH Tjl)l(KHMH OIIIH6KaMH, KOHe'IHO, 6bIJI H 6y,n:eT rop-
.D:OCThI-0 PoccHH.

250
ЕвноАзеф
 I.
B MapTe 1893 ro.n:a ,n:enapTaMeHT noJIHU.HH noJiyqHJI no
noqTe H3 repMaHHH KOpOTeHbKOe 3aKa3HOe nHCbM0°. He-
H3BecTHbIH qeJIOBeK, no,n:nHCaBIIIHHCH «fOTOBbIH K ycJiy-
raM noKopHbIH BaIII cJiyra», npe,n:JiaraJI ,n:enapTaMeHTY
,n:aeaTb cee,n:eHHH o Kpy:>KKe yqaIIJ.eiicH MOJio,n:exm B KapJic-
PY3 H o HaMeqaeIIIeHCH B 3TOM KPY:>KKe nocbIJIKe B Poccmo
HeneraJihHOH JIHTepaTyphI. A,n:pec .D:JIH OTBeTa 6bm yKa3aH
3a JIHTepaMH B. III., poste restante.
IlHCbMO He Bbl3BaJIO 60JibIIIOfO HHTepeca B ,n:enapTa-
MeHTe noJIHIJ.HH. Kpy:>KoK yqaIIJ.eHcH MOJio,n:e:>KH B KapJic-
py3, no-BH.n;HMOMy, He CJIHIIIKOM ero 6ecnoKOHJI. 0TBeT,
.D:OBOJlbHO KpaTKHH, 6hIJI .n;aH TOJibKO qepe3 nHTb He,n:eJib.
)J;enapTaMeHT He6pe:>KHO C006IIJ.aJI, qTO 0 cyIIJ.eCTBOBaHHH
H ,n:eHTeJihHOCTH KPY:>KKa B KapJicpy3 eMy H3BecTHO. Bnpo-
qeM, ne OTKa3hIBaJicH OT ycJiyr KoppecnoH,n:enTa, HO npe.n:-
naran eMY npe,n:BapHTeJihHO Ha3BaTh ceoe HMH H coo6-
IIJ.HTh, MO:>KeT JIH on ,n:aeaTh ToqHhie cee,n:emrn o TpaHcnop-
Tax JIHTepaTypb1 «c yr<a3aHHeM, Kor,n:a, Ky,n:a, KaKHM ny-
TeM, no KaKOMY a.n;pecy H qepe3 KOfO HMeHHO OHH nepecbI-
JiaI-OTCH». )J;enapTaMeHT o6eIIJ.aJI «COJIH.D:HOe B03Harpa:>K-
,n:enHe» H rapaHTHpOBaJI nOJIHYI-0 Taiiny.
IlHCbMa TaKoro po,n:a, BepOHTHO, .D:OBOJibHO 06b1qHbl B
npaKTHKe ecex nOJIHU.HH MHpa. Ilo cpopMe OHH HeMHOfO
nanOMHHaI-OT 6paqnhie o6'bHBJieHHH, KOTOpbie e:>Ke,n:HeBHO
MO:>KHO naHTH B Jl}"IIIIHX HeMeU.KHX ra3eTax: o,n:Ha CTOpOHa
3aHBJIHeT 0 CBOeM HHTepece K ,n:pyroii, HO npOCHT CHaqaJia
C006IIJ.HTb TOqHbie cee,n:eHHH 0 npH,n:aHOM H 3ao,n:Ho npH-
CJiaTb cpoTorpacpHqecKyio KapToqKy. 06H3aTeJibHaH ,n:o-
6aeKa: «Diskretion verlangt und garantiert» ••. Mnn :>Ke
eIIJ.e 6naropo,n:Hee: «Diskretion Ehrensache» ••• .

• IlHCbMO 31'0 6blJIO uaii,aeuo B 1917 r. B apXHBC .aenapTaMCHTa DOJJHQHH

6. H. He11:onaeBCKHM, O,!lHHM H3 JJY'IWHX 3HaTOKOB HCTOpHH pyccKoii peeontOD.HH,
H HM eoepewe eane'laTaHO c npeBOCXO,!lHblM BblJICHCHHCM no.apo6uOCTeli. IlHCbMa
A:Jeclia. eine ue DOJIBnllBWHCCJI B ne'laTH, B3JITbl MUOIO B apxHee, JJJ06e3uo npe·
.aocraeneUHOM B Moe pacnoplllKCHHe B. K. Aracj>OHOBblM, KOTOpblii B ceoe BpeMH
pa:J6epan .aena .aenapTaMCHTa H oxpaHHblX OT,!lCJJCHHli •
•• «CoxpaeeHHe TaiiHbl Tpe6yeTCJI H rapaHTHPYeTCJI)) (HeM.) .
... <tCoxpaeeHHe Taiiubl - .aeno 'leCTH» (neM.).

253
 HeH3BeCTHbIH xoppecnoH.D;eHT, O.D;HaKo, He cnernHJI
npncJiaTb CBOIO Q>oTorpaclmqecxyIO xapToqxy .D;enaprnMe-
HTY nOJIHQHH. OH TO:>Ke HeMHoro no.D;O:>K.D;aJI, a 3aTeM,
CHOBa 6e3 IlO,ll;IlHCH, OTBeTHJI BeCbMa .D;eJIOBHTbIM IlHCb-
MOM, r.D;e o6'b.sICH.sIJI, qTo HMeHHO OH HaMepeH coo6maTb.
Pa3Mep Tpe6yeMoro npn.D;aHoro, .D:OBOJibHO cxpoMHbIM, OH
yKa3bIBaJI Toqno: «e:>KeMec.siqnoe B03Harpa:>K.D;enne He Me-
Hbrne 50 py6Jieii». KpoMe Toro, KoppecnoH.D:eHT npocHJI
OTOpBaTb H npHCJiaTb eMy KYCOK ero rrepBoro IlHCbMa, B
,ll;OKa3aTeJibCTBO Toro, qTo OTBeT HCXO,ll;HT .D;eHCTBHTeJibHO
OT .D;enapTaMeHTa DOJIHQHH (nHCbMa Be.D;b HHOr.D;a H rrpo-
na.D;aIOT, .D;a:>Ke 3aKa3Hbie). l>yKBbI yKa3bIBaJI HOBb1e: H. C.
He 6y.D:y ocrnHaBJIHBaTbC.sI Ha rro.D;po6Hocrnx nepemrc-
KH. Cxa:>Ky TOJibKO, qTo no6e.D;a OCTaJiaCb Ha CTOpOHe
.D;enapTaMeHTa. Kax ncKaTeJIH npH.D;aHoro neqaTaIOT o6'h-
.sIBJieHH.sI cpa3y B HeCKOJibKHX ra3eTax, TaK H roTOBbIH K
ycJiyraM KOppecnOH.D;eHT o6paTHJIC.sI, KpOMe .D;enapTaMeH-
Ta nonHQHH, eme H B :>KaH.D;apMcKoe ynpaBnenne CBoero
po.D;Horo ropo.D;a PocToBa-Ha-,[t;ony. Ilnrnymnx Maurnn B
TO BpeM.sI He 6bIJIO, H ,[t;OHCKOe :>KaH.D;apMCKOe ynpaBJieHHe
no noqepKy BbI.sICHHJio, qTo nHChMO H3 Kapncpy3 nannca-
HO MemaHHHOM E. A3eQ>oM, CbIHOM oqeHb 6e.D;HbIX JIIO.D;eii,
He.D;aBHO yqHBIIIHMC.sI B pOCTOBCKOH rHMHa3HH. 3TOT MO-
JIO,ll;OH qenoBeK 3aHHMaJIC.sI Ha IOre «pa6oqeu nponaraH-
.lJ:OH» H y:>Ke Il0Jlb30BaJIC.sI y p03bICKHblX BJiacTeH HeKOTO-
poii H3BeCTHOCTbIO, 0 xapaKTepe KOTOpOH, O.D;HaKO, Hener-
KO CY.D:HTb. Ilo COo6meHHIO HaqaJibHHKa ,[l;OHCKOrO :>KaH-
.D;apMCKOro ynpaBneHH.sI CTpaxoBa, TOBapttmH A3eQ>a,
«BbIMaHHB y Hero qy:>KHe .D;eHbrH, IIOCTaBHJIH ero B Heo6-
XO,ll;HMOCTb 6e:>KaTb 3a rpaHnu;y». HarnnHCb H .D;pyrne cse-
.D;eHH.si: A3e<I> 6y.D;TO 6h1 IIOKHffYJI PoccHIO, «rrpo.D;aB rrpe.D;-
BapHTeJibHO no nopyqeHHIO xaKoro-To MapnynonhcKoro
Kynu;a Macna Ha 800 py6neii H npHCBOHB 3TH .D;eHhrH ce6e».
B ncttxonornqecKoM OTHorneHHH pa3HHQa Me:>K.D:Y .D:BYM.sI
BepcH.sIMH cymecTsenna.sI. Ho npaKTnqecKoro 3HaqeHH.sI
OHa, KOHeqHo, He HMena.
IlonyqnB H3 PoCTOBa CBe~eHH.sI 0 TOM, KTO aBTOp
nHceM H3 Kapncpy3, CeM.sIKHH, 3aBe.D;OBaBUIHH noJIHTHqec-
KHM p03bICKOM .D;enapTaMeHTa IlOJIHQHH, nanncan MOJIO-
,ll;OMY qeJIOBeKy HHTepecHoe IlHCbMO. ,Lt;enapTaMeHT co-
rnarnanc.si rrnaTHTb 50 py6neii B Mee.HQ, npHHHMaJI «npo-
rpaMMy, H3JIO:>KeHHYIO B BaUieM nHChMe OT 25 Ma.ff»,
BHOC.ff KOe-KaKHe ,ll;ODOJIHeHH.sI OT ce6.sI, IlOCbIJiaJI Tpe6ye-
Mb1H H3 npe.D;OCTOpO:>KHOCTH OTpbIBOK IlHCbMa H .D;aBaJI
ToqnyIO HHCTPYKQHIO. 3Ta HHCTPYKQH.sI 6hma H .D;eJIOBHTa

254
 ( «MHOroeJIOBHR H TeopeTH'leeKHX paccy)l(~eHHH He Tpe-
6yeTeR»), H B areHTYPHOM eMbieJie 'leeTHa ( «BeRKHX npe-
yBeJIH'leHHH H He~oeTaTO'IHO o6oeHOBaHHbIX BbIBO~OB
ene~yeT m6eraTb»). llo~ eaMhiii )l(e KOHeQ npH6eperaneR
ornynrnTeJibHbIH 3cpcpeKT. CeMRKHH KoHqan eBoe nHebMO
TaK: «~ ~yMaIO, qTo He onrn6yeh, Ha3bIBaR Bae, 2. A3eifi,
BarnHM HMeHeM, H nporny Bae yBe~oMHTh, ene~yeT JIH
BaM nHeaTb no BarneMy a~peey: IIlIOTQeHrnTpaeee 22. 11,
HJIH HHaqe».
CKpbIBaTbCR 6onhrne He npHXO~HJIOCh. A3ecp OTBeTHJI
Ja no~nHebIO. CornarneHHe eoeTORJIOeb.
B TeqeHHe rnecTH neT A3ecp ocTaBane.si: 3arpaHHqHhIM
Koppeeno~eHTOM ~enapTaMeHTa noJIHQHH. llo ero ~o­
HeeeHHRM MO)l(HO npocne~HTb, KaK 6hICTpo OH COBeprneH-
eTBOBaJICR B KaqecTBe ceKpeTHoro eoTpy~HHKa. Ha o~HOM
H3 nepBbIX ero IlHCeM eCTb pa3~pa)l(eHHa.si: IlOMeTKa, npH-
Ha~Jie)l(allla.sI KoMy-To H3 pyKoBo~HTeneH: ~enapTaMeHTa:
«B cne~yIOllleM nHebMe .si: nonporny A3ecpa nHeaTb HeMHO-
ro TOJIKOBee, oco6eHHO a~peea H cpaMHJIHH, qTo6bI MO)l(HO
6hIJIO IlOHRTb, KTO My)l(qHHa, KTO )l(eHlllHHa H K KOMY
OTHOCRTeR a~peea». Ho y)l(e B 1896 ro~y Mbl Haxo~HM
eoBeprneHHO ~pyryIO TIOMeTKy: «Coo6llleHHR A3ecpa nopa-
)l(alOT CBOeH ToqHOCTblO, npH IlOJIHOM OTCYTCTBHH pac-
cy)l(~eHHH». A ellle qepe3 HeCKOJihKO neT M3BeCTHhIH Pa-
TaeB nHcan A3ecpy: «oOJibrne Bcero Ha cBeTe R 6oIOch Bae
cKoMnpoMeTHpoBaTh H JIHllIHTbc.si: BarnHx ycnyrn.
M ~eiicTBHTeJibHO, ~oHeceHHR A3ecpa, ~a)l(e B paHHIOIO
nopy ero pa60Tb1, 6hIJIH oqeHh Ba)l(HbI. OH OTKpbIJI ~enap­
TaMeHTY rJia3a Ha MOJIO~blX peBOJIIOQHOHepoB, TOJlbKO
BilOCJie~CTBHH nonyqHBllIHX rpOMKYIO H3BeeTHOCTb: «Cne-
~yeT oco6oe BHHMaHHe o6paTHTb BaM Ha r-Ha KapnoBM-
qa» ... «0eo6oe BHHMaHHe BaM HY)l(HO 6y~eT o6paTHTh Ha
3eH3HHOBa» ... f'pHropHR f'eprnyHM, onacHeiirnero M3 Tep-
popMCTOB, A3ecp OQeHHJI c nepBOH )Ke eBoeii c HHM BCTpeqH
H TOTqac e 60JibllIOH TpeBoroii B TOHe C006lllHJ1 06 «3TOM
rocno~HHe» ~enapTaMeHTY IlOJIHQHH. ,ll;oHeCeHH.sI CBOH
A3ecp nHean e BH~HMbIM y~oBOJihCTBHeM, ~a)l(e, Ka)l(eTe.si:,
He 6e3 qyBCTBa cnopTHBHOro eopeBHOBaHHR c peBOJIIO-
QHOHepaMH. HanpHMep, eoBeTyR ~enapTaMeHTY 3axBa-
THTh KaKOH-TO TpaHenopT JIHTepaTypbI, OH B~pyr ~o6aB­
JIReT: «A TO y)I( 6oJibHO XBaJIHTCR f'eprnyHH, qTo 3aMeqa-
TeJibHbIH nyTb OH ycTpOHJI».
OT ~enaprnMeHTa A3ecp Tpe6oBaJI nonHoro ~oBepH.si: K
eBOHM cnoBaM. B 1901 ro~y, 3a~eThIH He~oBepqHBhIM
3aMeqaHHeM ParneBa, A3ecp OTBeqaeT (15 RHBap.si:) B rny-
255
6oKO oeKop6JieHHOM TOHe: «MHe Ka:>KeTeH, 'ITO y Bae HeT
HH O,UHOro <l>aKTa, KOTOpbIH 6hI MOr Bae 3aCTaBHTb .uy-
MaTh, 'ITO H enoeo6eH BaM eonraTh. Ka:>KeTeH, HH pa3y He
nra11, 3TO He ne:>KHT B Moei1 HaType ... Barne He,n:oBepue MH
MeHH oeKop6uTeJibHO H eTparnHO o6H,UHO».
no <l>opMe nepenHeKa nopoIO O'leHh Kyphe3Ha. TaK,
Il03,UHee, :>KeJiaH BbieJie,UHTh H exBaTHTb reprnyHH, ,nenap-
TaMeHT ( 17 anpenH 1902 ro.ua) no-HeMeQKH Tenerpacl>upy-
eT A3e<l>y B EepnuH: «0'1eHh 6eenoKOIOCh o nono:>Kemrn
rpurnu B neTep6ypre. XoTeJI 6b! IlOJIY'IHTh KaKHe-Jiu6o
cse.uemrn, 'IT06hl HMeTh 803MO:>KHOCTh c HHM IlOBH.UaTbC.SI.
,ll,MHTpHH». Mnu :>Ke A3e<I> Ha'luHaeT cBoe coo6IQeHue
.uenaprnMeHTy (17 HIOHH 1902 ro.ua) CJIOBaMH: «.[(oporaH
reHpHeTTa», a 3aKaH'IHBaeT ero: «IJ,enyIO Te6H. TBOH
Msam> •. nuchMa, cxo,nHhie c 3THMH no CTHJIIO, nona.ua-
JIHCh MHe BO <l>paHQY3CKOM HaQHOHaJihHOM apxHBe: TaK
JII06HJIH nucaTb pa3Be,ZJ;'IHKH HanoneoHOBCKHX BpeMeH.

II.
no B03BpaIQeHHH B POCCHIO A3e<I> 6bIJI OTKOMaH.uupo-
BaH K 3y6aTOBY .UJIH H3y'leHHH TeXHHKH nOJIHQeHCKOro
.uena. no-BH.UHMOMy, OH H3Y'IHJI ee B COBeprneHCTBe. CTa-
pbie peBOJIIOQHOHephI paccKa3hIBaIOT, 'ITO, o6na,naH or-
poMHOH 3pHTeJihHOH naMHThIO, OH 3HaJI Bee YJIHQhI u Bee
npoxo,n:Hhie .UBOphI neTep6ypra, Mor npu o6cy:>K,neHHH
pa3Hb!X TeppopHCTH'leCKHX npoeKTOB no naMHTH Hapuco-
BaTb no.upo6HeHIIlHH ITJiaH JII06oro MeCTa B CTOJIHQe. ,[(JI.sr
pa3HhIX «HBOK» eMy HY:>KHO 6hl110 3HaTh MHO:>KecTBO a.u-
pecoB u TenecpoHHhIX HOMepoB: A3e<I> «H3 npe,noCTopo:>K-
HOCTH» HHKor.ua HX He 3anHCb1BaJ1, O,ZJ;HaKO noMHHJI Bee
6e3ornu6o'IHO. B npaKTHKY TeppopucTH'lecxoi1 cne:>KKH OH
BBeJI HeCKOJlhKO HOBhIX npueMOB (3aHMCTBOBaHHhIX, Bnpo-
'leM, y 3y6aToBa). BepoHTHO, 3TO npo<t>eccuoHaJihHOe uc-
xyccTBO H 6bIJIO O.UHHM H3 OCHOBaHHH ero orpOMHoro
npecTH:>Ka B EoeBOH opraHH3aQun: TeppopHCThI Toro Bpe-
MeHH 'IHTaJIH Be.Uh He TOJlbKO nOJIHTH'leCKYIO JIHTeparypy:
KaK Mhl BCe, OHH 'IHTaJIH, BepOHTHO, B CB060.UHOe BpeM.SI H
«illepnoxa XonMca».
no H3y'leHHH IlOJIHQeikxoro ,[(eJia A3e<I> npHMKHYJI K
• 3TO AOHeceHHe 6blJIO HaOHCaHO XHMH'lecKHMH '!epHHJJaMH. HacrOllmJIH
TeKCT ero 3aKJJto'laJJ B ce6e cse.11eHHll o roTos11iueMc11 noKyweHHH Ha lliese
(ueH3AaHHblH apxHB B. K. Ara<j>oHosa, nanKa N!! I).

256
 napnrn: co11,11amrcTOB-peBon1011,110HepoB. BepHee, OH 6brJI
O.D;HHM H3 ee C03.D;aTenei1. Cne11,11aJIH3HpoBanc.sr OH Ha Tep-
pope H CTaJI CHa'laJia 6JimKaHIIIHM IlOMOIIJ,HHKOM repIIIy-
HH, a 3aTeM o6IIJ,enpH3HaHHbIM BOJK,D;eM, .D;YIIIOlO H X03Sll:l-
HOM BoeBOH opramnaIJ,HH. 4 HlOHSI 1902 ro,D;a A3e<P MHO-
ro3Ha'IHTeJibHO n11can ,D;enapTaMeHTy, coo6IIJ,a.sr o 500 py6-
n.srx, IlOJKepTBOBaHHbIX HM Ha TeppopHCTH'leCKHe npe.D;-
npHSITHSI: «MHe Heo6xO,D;HMO 6bIJIO 3TO C,D;eJiaTb .D;JISI Toro,
'IT06b1 Y3HaTh, 'ITO Taxoe 3Ta BoeBa.sr opramnau.11.sr H
KaKOBbl ee nJiaHhl B 6JIHJKaHIIIeM 6y.D;yIIJ,eM, H MHe 3TO
y.D;aJIOCb ... .$! 3aHSIJI aKTHBHYlO pOJib B napTHH COIJ,HaJIH-
CTOB-peBOJilOIJ,HOHepoB. 0TCTynaTh Tenepb yJKe HeBbirO.D;-
HO MSI HaIIIero ,D;eJia, HO ,D;eHCTBOBaTh TOJKe Heo6xO.D;HMO
BeChMa H BeChMa OCMOTPHTeJihHO».
TiapanneJihHO c 3THM Bee pocno H noJioJKeHHe A3e<Pa
B .D;enaprnMeHTe noJIHU.HH. B 1899 ro.D;y OH nonyqaeT 100
py6nei1 B Mec.sru. JKaJIOBaHhSI H 50 py6nei1 Harpa,D;HbIX K
HoBoMy ro.D;y. B 1900 ro.D;y ero JKaJIOBaHhe noBhIIIIaeTc.sr
.D;O 150 py6nei1, B 1901 ro.D;y cpa3y .D;O 500 py6nei1. Ilo.D;
KOHe:u; cBoeu xapbephI OH nonyqan 1OOO py6nei1 B Mec.sru. H
CTOJlbKO JKe, eCJIH He 60JihIIIe, nporOHHbIX, cyTO'IHbIX,
«npeMHaJrhHhIX» H «Harpa.D;HhIX». Ero «Harpa.D;Hhie» B
1904-1905 ro,D;ax COCTaBJISllOT HeCKOJibKO TbICSl'I. 11MeH-
HO B 3TO BpeM.sr HM 6bIJIH opraHH30BaHbl y6HHCTBa
B. K. TineBe H Ben. KH. Cepre.sr AnexcaH.D;pOBH'la!
Tionyqan OH JKanoBaHhe H OT napnrn, HO 6onee
CKpOMHOe - KaJKeTCSI, 125 py6neH B MeCSIIJ,. B. C. ro:u;
paCCKa3bIBaeT, KaK O,D;HaJK,D;bl Ha BOK3aJie .D;py3hSI y6eJK-
,D;aJIH A3e<Pa Hamnh HOCHJihIIJ,HKa MSI 'leMo.n;aHa. OH acxe-
TH'leCKH OTKa3hIBaJICSI: HeJib3SI 6e3 KpaliHeH HYJK.D;bl pac-
TO'laTb napTHHHhie ,D;eHhrn. llneHhI L(K napTHH c yMH-
JieH.HeM roBopHnH o JKH3HH A3e<Pa: «CH.D;HT Ha xne6e H
cene.D;Ke». PaccTaBa.srch c peBon1011,110HepaMH, OH JKHJI He
CTOJih acxeTH'leCKH. B 3an11cxe JI. H. MeHIIJ,HKOBa, HanpH-
Mep, coo6IIJ,aeTc.sr: «5 SIHBap.sr 1905 ro,D;a A3e<P npHe3)1(aeT
B nepBOM xnacce xypbepcxoro noe3.D;a H3 TieTep6ypra B
MocxBy ... Ho'lh npoBO.D;HT B caMoM .D;oporoM .D;OMe Tep-
nHMOCTH CToeu.xoro» ...
TiocnyJKHOH cn11cox A3e<Pa no .D;BOHHOH ero ,D;e.srTeJib-
HOCTH eIIJ,e TPY.D;HO ycrnHOBHTh ao Bceu nonHoTe; .D;a H
O.D;HO nepe'IHCJieHHe ero ,D;eJI 3aHSIJIO 6hI HeCKOJlbKO CTpa-
HHIJ,. OH caM roBopHn, 'ITO npHHHMan 6nHJKai1IIIee yqa-
CTHe B opraHH3aIJ,HH Bcex TeppopHCTH'leCKHX aKTOB nap-
THH, 3a HCKJilO'leHHeM y611i1cTBa CHrnirHHa. CaBHHKOB,
qeJIOBeK .D;OCTaTO'IHO OCBe,D;OMJleHHbIH, B CBOeH pe'IH B 3a-
9-5317
257
I.QHTY A3e<)>a .n:aeT cn11coK KpynHeihmrx TeppopHCTH'ieCKHX
.n:en, opraHH30BaHHhIX npH ero (A3e<j>a) yqacTHH, co.ne:HcT-
BHH HJIH nonycTHTeJibCTBe. B 3TOT cnHCOK BXO.ll:j{T .n:Ba.n:-
I.(aTh flj{Tb y6HHCTB H noKyllleHHH, a 3aKaH'iHBaeTCj{ OH
6yKBaMH «H T . .n:.». Ha3bIBaFO TOJihKO rnaBHb1e: y611:HcTBa
IlneBe, Ben. KH. Ceprej{ AneKcaH.n;poBH'ia, reH. Eor.n:aHo-
BH'ia, ranoHa, TaTapoBa; TpH IlOKyllleHHj{ Ha I.(apj{, noKy-
IlleHHj{ Ha BeJIHKHX KHj{3e:H Bna.n;HMHpa AneKcaH.n:poBH'ia H
HHKOJiajl H11KonaeBH'ia, noKyllleHHj{ Ha CTOJihmHHa, Ha
)l;ypHoBo, Ha TpenoBa, Ha a;::i:MHpanoB )l;y6acoBa H qyx-
HHHa. A3e<)> )l(e npHHHMaJI yqaCTHe «B o6cy)l(.n:eHHH Bcex
6e3 HCKJIFO'ieHHj{ nJiaHOB, B TOM 'iHCJie IlJiaHOB MOCKOBC-
Koro, CBea6oprcKoro H KpOHillTa,lJ;TCKoro BOCCTaHHH».
3TOMY CilHCKY COOTBeTCTByeT .n:pyroM:, 6onee MHH-
HblH, - CilHCOK peBOJilOI.(HOHepOB, Bbl,lJ;aHHbIX HM .n:enap-
TaMeHTY. Mx HC'iHCJijllOT .n;eCj{TKaMH, eCJIH He COTHj{MH.
CKOJibKO H3 HHX 6bIJIO Ka3HeHO, He 6epych CKa3aTb •.
MeTo.n: .n:e:HcTBHH A3e<j>a B cxeMaTHqecKOM H3JIO)l(eHHH
6hIJI npH6JIH3HTeJibHO TaKOB. OH «cTaBHJI» HeCKOJihKO
TeppopHCTH'ieCKHX aKTOB. HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX OH BeJI B
rny6oKOH TaHHe OT .n:enapTaMeHTa IlOJIHI.(HH c pac'ieTOM,
'iT06bI OHM HenpeMeHHO y;::i:aJIHCb. 3TH opraHH30BaHHbie
HM H y;::i:aBillHeCj{ y6HHCTBa CTpaxoBaJIH ero OT no.n;o3pe-
HHH peBOJIFOI.(HOHepoB; .n:o caMoii nocne.n;Heii MHHYThI Bo-
)1(.ll:H napTHH CMej{Jil{Cb Ha.n: TaKHMH IlO.ll:03peHHj{MH: «KaK
MO)l(HO o6BHHj{Tb B npoBOKal.(HH 'ieJIOBeKa, KOTOpbIH Ha
rna3ax HeKOTOpbIX H3 Hae 'iYTb TOJibKO He co6cTBeHHbIMH
pyKaMH y6HJI IlneBe H BeJIHKOro KHj{3jl)), ,[(pyryFO 'iaCTb
3a.n;yMaHHhIX TeppopHCTH'ieCKHX aKTOB A3e<)> cBoeBpeMeH-
HO pacKpbIBaJI .n:enapTaMeHTY IlOJIHI.(HH, 'iT06bI HHKaKHX
no.n;03peHHH He MOrJIO 6bITb H TaM. IlpH 3THX ycJIOBHj{X
HCTHHHaj{ ponh A3e<)>a 6blna B re'ieHHe .n:onroro BpeMeHH
TaHHOH H .D:Jlj! peBOJilOI.(HOHepoB, H .ll:Jljl .n:ej{TeJieii .n:enap-
TaMeHTa. Ka)l(.n:aj{ cropoHa 61:.rna y6e)l(.n;eHa, 'ITO OH eii:
npe.n:aH BCeii: .D:YlllOH.

III.
Ilo BHelllHOCTH A3e<)> 6brn rpy3HhIH, TOJICThIH, o'ieHb
HeKpacHBbIH 'ieJIOBeK c Tjl)l(eJibIM, Ha6yxlllHM JIHI.(OM, c
OTTOilbipeHHOH HH)l(Heii ry6oM:. 0 ero 6e3o6pa3HOH Hapy-

• 0AHa H3 BblAaHHblX A3e4JoM peBOJUO~OHHblX rpynn, KaK H3BCCTHO, H306-

pal1Ceea JleoHHAOM AeApeeBblM B ero «PaccKa3e o ceMH' noseweeHblX».

258
)l(HOCTH roBopRT Bee BCTpe1:1aBnmecR c A3e<l>oM JIIO)l.H. Ho
H B :noM pa3o6paTbCR He Tax nerxo. HexoTophle CBH)l.e-
TeJIH YTBep)l()l.aIOT, ':ITO «rJia3a y Hero Bcer)l.a 6eraJIH HOH
HHKOr)l.a He CMOTpeJI B JIHl.lO co6ece)l.HHKY» - npHMeTa
CJIHIIIKOM npHHRTaR B H306pa)l(eHHH npecTyTIHHKOB )l.JIR
Toro, 1:1To6L1 6LITh BepHoif. IO. ,n:eneBCKHif nHIIIeT o «3Me-
HHOM B3rJIR)l.e» A3e<l>a. 0)].HaKo .ll.pyrne peBOJIIOl.lHOHepb1
HaXO)l.HJIH y Hero «XOpOIIIHH, npHRTHbIH B3rJIR)l.», «npe-
JieCTHYIO YJibI6Ky» H )l.0 CHX nop TBep)l.0 Ha '.HOM CTORT.
B. M. qepHOB B CBoeif pe1:1H Ha cy)l.e Ha)]. Bypl.leBbIM
roBOpHJI: «Ha)l.O TOJibKO xopollIO BCMOTpeTbCR B ero
(A3e<l>a) JIHl.{0, H B ero ':IHCTbIX, ':IHCTO )l.eTCKHX rJia3ax
HeJib3R He yBH)l.eTh 6ecx0He1:1Hy10 )l.06poTy» •. C. BacoB-
BepxoRHl.leB OTMe1:1aeT «.ll.BOifHoe JIHl.lO»: HaKJia)l.Hoe, xa-
MeHHoe, H CKpbITOe, «C ne1:1aJibHbIMH rJia3aMH». flo <l>oTO-
rpa<l>HRM cy)l.HTh TPY.ll.HO, - A3e<l>, KCTaTH, He mo6HJI
CHHMaTbCR. Ho o6mee BTie':laTJieHHe, KOHe':IHO: «He )l.aH
Bor BCTpeTHThCR B Jiecy HO':lhIO».
fIHcaJI OH CBOH )l.OHeceHHR He O':leHb JIHTepaTypHO, He
O':leHb )l.a)l(e H rpaMOTHO, HO Bcer)l.a RCHO H TOJIKOBO.
Pe)l.aKTOpb1, noBTopR10mHe MOJIO.ll.hIM coTpy)l.HHKaM:
<«l>aKTOB no60Jibllie, <l>aKTOB», 6hIJIH 6hI HM )l.OBOJibHbI:
<l>aKTOB y Hero Bcer)l.a MHOro. PeBOJIIOl.{HOHepbI (3a pe)l.-
KHMH HCKJIIO':leHHRMH) B TY nopy 6hIJIH oco6eHHO na)l.KH
Ha l.lBeTbl KpacHope':IHR. 0)].HH (B ':laCTHOM IlHCbMe!) IlHIIIeT
0 <<rH)l.pe caMO)l.ep)l(aBHR», 0 «KOrTRX )l.eCTIOTH3Ma», 0
«TIOIIIJIOM nepHO)l.e MemaHCKoro )l.OBOJibCTBa, OXBaTHBIIIe-
ro MeprnRmeif neTJieif eBponeifcKHe cTpaHLI». ,n:pyroif
OTIHCbIBaeT, KaK «pyCCKHe JleKOKH pa3rJIR)l.blBaJIH M030-
JIHCTYIO pyxy, cpa3HBIIIYIO l.{apcxoro onpH':IHHKa». TpeTHif
eme xpacHope1:1HBee: «.l1:eBRTbCOT TIRThIH ro.n; yMHpaJI, pac-
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1:1eif xpoBLIO». A3e<l> He JII06HJI UBeTOB xpacHope1:1HR. ToH
ero nHceM npocToif H )l.eJioBoif. He.n;o6po)l(eJiaTeJIH c1:1HTa-
JIH ero ':leJIOBeKOM MaJioo6pa30BaHHbIM. 0)l.HaKO Ha nap-
THHHOM CJie)l.CTBHH IlOCJie pa3o6Jia':leHHH O)l.HH H3 CBH)l.e-
TeJieif paccxa3aJI, KaK O)l.Ha)l()l.bI B MocxBe A3e<l> BhICTYTIHJI
Ha 3ace.n;aHHH MapKCHCTCKOro Kpy)l(Ka: «Cnop IIIeJI BOKpyr
HMeHH MHxaifJioBcxoro. HoBbIH rocTb (A3e<l>) MOJI':laJI.
Ho BOT OH no,n;HRJICR H B3BOJIHOBaHHhIM roJiocoM Ha1:1aJI
3amHmaTb MHxaifJIOBcxoro, ynHpaR B oco6eHHOCTH Ha
TeopHIO 6opL6h1 3a HH)l.HBH)l.yaJihHOCTh. Pe':lh npo.n;OJI)l(a-
.Tiach )l.OBO.llbHO )l.OJirO H npOH3BeJia Ha OKpy)l(a-~mHx

• B. JI. :Syppes. KaK JI pa306Jia'IHJI A3e4Ja, rJI. XIII.

9• 259
BneqaTJ1em1e CBoeil: lfCKpeHHOCTbl-0 If 3HaHHeM npe,n;Me-
Ta»·. MbI Bee yqHJIHCh noHeMHory, BneqaTJieHHe B yqeHoM
cnope MOJI<HO 6hIJIO B Kpail:HeM cnyqae npOH3BeCTlf If
o.n;Hoil: «HCKpeHHOCThI-O», a yJI< HCKpeHHOCTH y 3Toro qeno-
BeKa 6bIJIO ,lJ;OCTaToqHo.
Ilo.n; KoHen: ero KapbephI nonoJI<eHHe A3ecpa cTano
oqeHb TPY.D:HhIM. OH ,n;onJI<eH 6hm y6HBaTh H BbI,n;aBaTh,
y6HBaTh H BbI,n;aBaTh, Hanp.s1ra.s1 Bee CHJihI ,n;m1 co6n1-0,n;e-
HH.s1 HaHMeHee onacHOH nponopn:HH Bbl,ZJ;aHHbIX If y6HTbIX
n1-0,n;eil: ...

B o.n;HoM H3 cppaHU:Y3CKHx MOHacTbipeil: ecTh KapTHHa

«HaKa3aHHe ,n;b.s1Bona». ,[(h.HBOJI o6peqeH ,n;epJI<aTh B pyKax
cBeTHJihHHK, noxmn:eHHhIH HM y CB. ,[(oMHHHKa. CBeTHJih-
HHK ,n;oropaeT, JI<JI<eT naJibU:bI ,lJ;b.slBOJia, HO OCB06o.n;HTbC.sl
OT Hero ,lJ;b.slBOJI He HMeeT ClfJibI: OH MOJI<eT TOJibKO KOp-
qach nepe6pachrnaTh cBeTHJihHHK H3 o,n;Hoii pyKH B ,n;py-
ry1-0 - JI<JI<eTC.sl TO npaBa.sl, TO JieBa.sl pyKa. IlpH6JIH3lf-
TeJibHO B TaKOM noJioJI<eHHH 6bm A3ecp K MOMeHTY ero
pa306naqeHH.s1.

IV.
KTO pa306JiaqI111 A3ecpa?
}faBeCTHbI, roBOp.slT, HMeHa Il.slTlf JI<eHtn:HH, «Ha pyKaX
KOTOpbIX CKOHqaJicst IlloneH». jJ He xoqy CKa3aTb, qTo
pa3o6naqeHHe BeJIHKoro npe,n;aTeJI.s1 ,n;ano noBo,n; K cxo,n;-
HOMY cnopy. IllyTKa COBeprneHHO He COOTBeTCTBOBaJia 6hI
TparHqecKOMY xapaKTepy co6bITlf.sl (KaK, BnpoqeM, If B
Bonpoce o KoHqlfHe IlloneHa). Ho Kor.n;a 6y.n;yru:Hii HC-
TOpHK 3ail:MeTC.sl Bbl.slCHeHHeM Toro, KOMY HMeHHO npHHa.n;-
JieJI<HT 3,n;ecb aBTOpCKOe npaBO, OH ,lJ;OJIJI<eH 6y,n;eT nepe-
6paTb He MeHee ,n;eC.slTlf HMeH.
Y Hae ecTh cBe.n;eHH.sl, qTo o.n;HH m npocpeccopoB A3e-
cpa no IlOJIHTeXHHKYMY Bblpa3HJIC.sl 0 MOJIO,ZJ;OM CTy,n;eHTe
TaK: «Ax, 3TOT lllnHOH!» K coJI<aJieHHI-O, He ,n;ornJio ,n;o
MeH.s1 HM.sl HeMen:Koro npocpeccopa, .n;aneKo npeB3orne.n;-
rnero npoHHU:aTeJibHOCThI-O H peBOJII-OU:HOHepoB, H .n;enap-
TaMeHT IlOJIHU:lflf.
JleTOM 1905 ro.n;a O,ZJ;HH lf3 Blf,ZJ;Hb!X neTep6yprCKHX
con:HaJIHCTOB-peBOJII-OU:HOHepoB PocTKOBCKHii noJiyqHJI Ha

• 3aKJU-O'leHHC cy.ue6Ho-cne.ucTBeHHOH KOMHCCHH no .ueny AJe<!>a, CTp. 17.

260
 CJiy)l(6e TIHCbMO 6e3 TIO.ZI;TIHCH, B KOTOpOM ero H3BeI.QaJIH,
qTo B napTHH eCTb «cephe3Hhle IIJTIHOHbI»: «6bIBIIIHH
cchIJihHhIH HeKHH T. H xaxoii-To HH)l(eHep A3HeB, eBpeii».
Kor.na PocTKOBCKHH BepHync.si co cJiy)l(6b1 .D.OMoii, y Hero
B fOCT.SIX CH,11,eJI H3BeCTHbIH eMy TI0,11, KJIHqxoii «11BaH
HHxonaeBHq» Ba)l(HhIH HeneraJihHhIH rocTh - A3e<P. He
.nonro .nyMa.si PocTKOBCKHH noKa3aJI rocno nHChMO.
«11BaH HHxonaeBHq» npoqen H Ja.SIBHJI: <<T. - :no TaTa-
poB, a A3HeB - 3TO .si, A3e<P».
11 PocTKOBCKHH, H BO)l(.11.H napTHH He npH,11,aJIH 3Haqe-
HH.SI aHOHHMHOMY nHChMy. Ho xaxoe caMoo6na.naHHe,
xaxHe HepBhI HY)l(HhI 6bIJIH, qTo6bl HHqeM ce6.si He BhI,11,aTh
rrpH TaKOH HeO)l(II,11,aHHOCTII II orpaHIIlJIITbC.SI capKaCTIIlJeC-
KIIMII cnoBaMH: «A3HeB - 3TO .si, A3e<P!» BoT II cy.D.H o Tex
«CIOpnpH311,aX», KOTOpbIMII BCJie,11, 3a flop<PIIpIIeM IleTpo-
BHqeM XHTphie CJie,11,0BaTeJIII orJiyIIIaJOT I10)1.03peBaeMbIX B
npecTynneHHH JIJO.D.eii.
Cxo,11,HhIH cnyqaif rrpomoIIIeJI, no paccxa3y IT. 0. 11Ba-
HOBcxoif, B )KeHeBe Ha BCTpeqe HoBoro (1905) ro.na.
Pyccxa.si KOJIOHH.SI peBOJIIOll,HOHepoB 6blJia B rroJIHOM c6o-
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rrotJTy. A3e<P He rrpo% 6bIJI noIIrpaTh II B noqTy. EMy
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261
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262
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263
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264
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265
 VI.

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266
cy.ne6HoH: nanaTbI B XapbKOBe. TaM BO BpeMg cny)J(e6HoH:
noeJ,nKH c HHM BCTpeTHJicg B. K. IlneBe, BbIJBaBurnH: ero
.D:JijJ: 6ece,nbl Ha IIOJIHTH'leCKHe TeMbl. «BbICJiyrnaB MeHg, -
IIOKa3bIBaJI B 1917 ro.ny JionyxHH, - IlneBe CBOe MHeHHe
06 OIIHCaHHblX MHOIO co6bJTHjJ:X nepe.nan CJIOBaMH, BbICKa-
3aHHbIMH HM rocy,nap10 IIPH Ha3Ha'leHHH MHHHCTpOM BHY-
TpeHHHX .nen. «EcnH 6h1, - cKaJan IlneBe, - ,nBa,nuaTb
neT TOMY HaJa,n, Kor.nag 6hm ,nHpeKTopoM .nenapTaMeHTa
IIOJIHUHH, MHe CKa3aJIH, 'ITO B PocCHH B03MO)J(Ha peBOJllO-
UlfjJ:, g 3acMegncg 6hl; a Tenepb M'b1 HaKaHyHe peBOJllO-
QHH» •. Ilo CJIOBaM JlOIIYXHHa, IlJieBe TOr,na IIO.D:YMbIBaJI 0
JiopHc-MeJIHKOBCKOH KOHCTHTYUHH. BcTpeTHB He,n0Bep11e
H IIO.D:03peHHe, OH «IIO.D: BJIHjJ:HHeM 3TOH Hey,na'IH, a TaK)J(e
Ha,nBHHYBlllerocg peBOJIIOUHOHHOfO Teppopa IIOBepHYJI
IlOJIHTHKY Ha IIYTb penpeCCHH». ,ll;o6aBJIIO, 'ITO .no IIOCJie,n-
HHX CBOHX ,nHeH: JionyxHH C'IHTaJI IlneBe HeIIOHjJ:TbIM 11e-
JIOBeKOM. «C HHM MO)J(HO 6blJIO pa6oTaTb, - fOBOpHJI
OH. - c YMHbIMH JllO.ll:bMH xoporno HMeTb .neno H TOr,na,
KOr,na pacxo,nHlllbCjJ: c HHMH BO B3fJijJ:,nax».
JionyxHH IIO .D:OJI)J(HOCTH 3HaJI peBOJllOQHOHepoB. 3HaJI,
KOHe11Ho, H ceKpeTHbIX coTpy,nHHKOB. Cpe,nH HHX y Hero
6blJIH «oco6eHHO npO'IHbie aHTHIIaTHH» (3TH CJIOBa jJ:
OT Hero CJibirnan). 11 Ha116onee npo11HoH: 6bm A3e<}>,
caMbIH BH,n KOTOporo Bbl3bIBaJI B HeM OTBpaiueHHe. ,ll;o-
ra,nbIBaJICjJ: JIH OH o HacTogiueH: ponH AJe<}>a? K0He11Ho,
He .nora,nbrnancg, KaK He .nora,nbrnancg Tor.na HHKTO .npy-
roH:. Ho Mor JIH 'leJIOBeK, CTOJlb OCBe.D:OMJieHHbIH H OIIbIT-
HbIH, TBep.no BepHTb B TO, 'ITO Bee CBOH CBe,neHHg A3e<}>
IIOJiy11aeT KaK-TO CTOpOHOH, «11epe3 )J(eHY», «no .npy)J(6e
c reprnyHH» HJIH COCTOjJ: B BoeBOH opraHH3aQHH maK,
TOJibKO «'IYTb·'IYTb», 60Jibllle .D:JijJ: BH.D:a, - 3TOfO jJ:
He 3Ha10. BepogTHo, Jlonyx1rn npocTo cTapancg 06 3TOM
He ,nyMaTb. IlCHXOJIOfHjJ: ero 6bma IICHXOJIOrHeH BbIClllero
o<}>Huepa, Be.na10iuero B BOeHHOe BpeMjJ: KOHTppa3Be,nKOH.
C peBOJllOUHOHepaMH Benach BOHHa, - Ha11anhHHKY
KOHTppa3Be,nKH HeKor.na ,nyMaTb 0 no6y)J(,neHHjJ:X H Me-
TO,nax CBOHX H 'IY)J(HX areHTOB. 3To He MernaeT IIpH-
3HaBaTb npe.nenb1, HJ KOTOpbIX BbIXO.D:lfTb HeJibJjJ:. TaK,
KaK JionyxHH, ,neHCTBHTeJibHO H nocTynaJIH o<}>Huepbl,
Be,naBrnHe KOHTppa3Be,nKOH BO BpeMjJ: BeJIHKOH BOHHbl.
HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX HanHCaJIH BOCilOMHHaHHjJ:, - O'leHb
HHTepeCHbl 3TH JIIO.D:H.
B nopy nepBOH peBOJIIOUHH JionyxHH HaBcer.na OCTa-

' HeHJ.llaHHbli! apxus B. K. Aralj>ouosa, nanxa N!! 13.

267
BHJI rocy)J.apCTBeHHYIO CJiy)l(6y. flo-BH)J,HMOMy, OH y)l(e
TOr)J,a qyBCTBOBaJI 60JihIIIYIO .11.YIIIeBHYIO ycTaJIOCTh, - y
Hero H BHeIIIHHH BH)J, CBH)J,eTeJihCTBOBaJI 0 taedium vitae .
Ha nocJie.D.HeH cBoei1: .D.OJI)l(HOCTH (3cTJISIH.lJ.CKoro ry6ep-
HaTopa) OH npOSIBHJI JIH6epaJIH3M. rpa<t> BHTTe, KOTOpbIH
ero He.D.OJII06JIHBaJI, He nporn:asi eMy 6JIH30CTH c fIJieBe,
cquTaJI JlonyxuHa Ka.D.eTOM. 1-faBecTHa ero poJih B pa3o-
6JiaqeHHH norpoMHhIX npoKJiaMau;ui1:. HaquHasi c 1905 ro-
)1,a JlonyxHH 6e3 oco6oro ycnexa cTapaJicsi ycTaHOBHTh
)J,06pb1e OTHOIIIeHHSI c JIH6epaJibHOH o6rn:ecTBeHHOCThlO (B
3TOM CMhICJie OH He H3MeHHJICSI )1,0 nocJie)J,HHX CBOHX
3MHrpaHTCKHX .D.Hei1:). ohIBIIIHH .D.HpeKTop )J,enapTaMeHTa
noJIHU:HH, 6JIH3KHH cOTPY.11.HHK fIJieBe, 6hIJI pyccKHH HH-
TeJIJIHreHT c 6oJiblIIHM, qeM o6hlqHo, )l(Jl3HeHHhlM OnhI-
TOM, c MeHbIIIHM, qeM 06b1qHo, 3aIIaCOM Bephl, c YMOM
IIpOHHIJ;aTeJihHbIM, pa3oqapoBaHHhIM H XOJIO)J,HhIM, c Ha-
BCer)J,a Ha)J,JIOMJieHHOH .11.YIIIOIO.

VII.
«Pa3rOBOp B IIOe3)1,e» Ha)J,O cqHTaTb BhlCIIIHM )J,OCTH-
)l(eHHeM liypu;eBa. )J{eJiasi pa306JiaqHTh 11 yHHqTO)l(HTh
caMoro Ba)l(Horo 113 Bcex ceKpeTHhIX areHTOB, OH o6pa-
THJicsi 3a cnpaBKOH K qeJIOBeKy, KOTOpbIH eme He)J,aBHO
3aHHMaJI nepBblH nOCT B nOJIHTHqecKOH IIOJIHIJ;HH rocy)J,ap-
CTBa, - MbICJih He06hIKHOBeHHaSI B CBOeH CMeJIOCTH H
IIpOCTOTe. JlonyxHH 60JihIIIe He CJIY)l(HJI, HO Bee )Ke )J,JISI
B. JI. liypu;eBa OH 6bIJI qeJioBeKoM coBeprneHHO .D.pyroro,
Bpa)l()J,e6Horo MHpa: )J,OCTaTOqHO CKa3aTb, qTO )J,OJiroJieT-
HSISI JIHqHasi .D.py)l(6a ero CBSl3hIBaJia c fl. A. CTOJihIIIHHhIM
(OHM 6hIJIH Ha «Thi»). ToT CJIO)l(HbIH npou;ecc, KOTOpbIH
Ha3peBaJI B .D.yrne Jlonyx11Ha, He Mor 6hITh H3BecTeH liyp-
u;eBy. floBTOpSIIO, HaM H Tenepb 3TOT npou;ecc He BIIOJIHe
IIOHSITeH.
3)1,eCb OfiSITb CJiyqaHHOCTh, OTMeqaIOrn:asi BCIO HC-
TOpHIO, KOTOpOH IIOCBSIIIJ:eHa HaCTOSirn:asi CTaTbSI. JleTO
1908 ro)J,a JlonyxHH c ceMbeH npoBeJI B Hei1:eHape. H11 o
KaKHX pa3o6JiaqeHHSIX OH, KOHeqHo, He .11.YMa:ll, KaK He
.D.yMaJI 0 IIOJIHTHKe BOo6rn:e; OH co611paJICSI exaTh B 1-ha-
JIHIO. BcTpeqa c liypu;eBhIM oxa3aJiach .D.JISI Hero poKoBoIO:
BMecTo JfraJIHH Jlonyx11H nonaJI B Ctt6Hph. 11 .D.JISI MHO-

' OrspameuHe K lKH3HH ( Aam.).

268
rHX .z:i;pyrHX mo.z:i;eif 3TOT pa3rOBOp B noe3.z:i;e HMeJI TparH-
qec1me nocne.z:i;cTBm1 (BnJIOTL .z:i;o caMoy6HHCTBa). OH )Ke
BCKOpe IlOBJieK 3a co6010 BCeMHPHYJO ceHCaQHJO H O)l;HH H3
caMLIX rpoMKHX cy.z:i;e6HLIX npoueccoB Haruero BeKa.
Y3HaB TO)l(e cnyqaifHo OT o6m:ero 3HaKoMoro, 'ITO
A. A. JionyxHH B Ha'laJie ceHn16pjJ npoe.z:i;eT qepe3 KeJILH
B EepJIHH, B. JI. EypueB BLiexan B KeJILH H cTaJI :Jtedamb
Ha 60K3a/le. 3.z:i;ecb 3JieMeHT CJiy'laHHOCTH o6pLIBaeTCjJ: ec-
JIH 6L1 3TO noHa.D;o6HJIOCL, EypueB 6Lm 6bl, HaBepHoe,
cnoco6eH npO)l(HTb Ha KeJibHCKOM BOK3aJie He.z:i;eJIJO, MeCjJQ
HJIH IlOJiro.z:i;a. 3To He IlOHa.z:i;o6HJIOCb. 5 ceHrn6pjJ B 1 qac
)l;Hjl JionyxHH BLirnen H3 HeifeHapcKoro noe3.z:i;a H cen B
noe3.D; 6epJIHHCKHH. EypueB rrocne.z:i;oBaJI Ja HHM H, 11yTL
TOJibKO noe3.z:i; TpOHYJICjJ, BOllleJI B Kyrre JiorryxHHa.
Mx pa3r0Bop rrpo.z:i;oJI)l(aJicjJ ruecTL 11acoB! ..H He xo11y
CKa3aTb, 'ITO pe.D;aKTOp ((ObIJIOrO» H36paJI CHCTeMy 3arra.z:i;-
HOeBponeHCKHX cne.z:i;cTBeHHLIX BJiacTeif. BJjJTL H3MopoM
6Lrnruero .z:i;HpeKTopa .z:i;errapTaMeHTa rroJIHUHH EypueB, KO-
He'IHO, He Mor, - OT JionyXHHa 3aBHCeJIO B JIJ06oif MO-
MeHT IIOJIO)l(HTb KOHeu pa3roBopy. flo'leMy JiorryxHH 3TO-
ro He c.z:i;eJiaJI? 11JIH OH He 'IYBCTBOBaJI, KaKajJ 6e3.D;Ha
pacKpLrnaeTCjJ y Hero no.z:i; HoraMH? Ilo.z:i;po6HocTH pa3-
roBopa B rroe3.z:i;e BLrnCHHTb TerrepL HenerKo. IIe11aTHLIH
paccKa3 EypueBa .z:i;aneKo He BO BceM coBrra.z:i;aeT c rroKa3a-
HHjJMH, KOTOpble JiorryXHH .z:i;aJI CJie.D;OBaTeJIJO no oco6o
Ba)l(HbIM .z:i;eJiaM·. He BO BCeM COBrra.z:i;aeT H paccKa3, CJibI-
ruaHHbIH MHOJO OT o6oHx y11acTHHKOB pa3roBopa. Ho
o6m:ajl KapTHHa jJCHa.
B Te'leHHe HecKOJILKHX 11acoB EypueB, BepojJTHO, Ja.D;LI-
xaj{Cb OT BOJIHeHHjJ, BbrnCHjJJI JionyxHHY HCTHHHYJO pOJib
«PacKHHa». «Ilocne Ka)l(JJ;Oro HOBoro .z:i;oKa3aTeJILCTBa jJ
o6pam:aJICjJ K JiorryxHHY H roBOpHJI: «ECJIH II03BOJIHTe, jJ
BaM Ha3oBy HacTojlm:y10 <t>aMHJIHJO 3Toro areHTa. BLI
CKa)l(eTe TOJibKO O.D;HO: .z:i;a HJIH HeT>>. JiorryxHH MOJI'laJI,
MOJI'laJI 11ac, .z:i;Ba 11aca, IIjJTL qacoB. Ilo cJioBaM EypueBa,
OH 6LIJI «IIOTpjJCeH>> . ..H OXOTHO 3TOMY Bep10: KOHe'IHO, OH
He 3HaJI coToif .z:i;oJIH TOH y)l(aCHOH rrpaB.D;LI, KOTopajJ
pa3BepTLrnanacL rrepe.z:i; HHM B paccKa3e EypueBa. 06cTa-
HOBKa HX BCTpe'IH xapaKTepHa: B Kyrre 6LIJIH .z:i;pyrHe rrac-
Ca)l(Hpbl, OHH 'laCTO CMeHjJJIHCb •• H, BepOjJTHO, He 6e3
He.D;oyMeHHjJ CMOTpeJIH Ha cTpaHHLIX coce.z:i;eif. KoHcrrHpa-

• IlpOTOICOJil>I N'!!N'!! 6 H 8 «Ilpei1eapHTeJ1bROro CJJCACTBHll» no ACJJY 06

OTCTaBHOM ACHCTBHTeJlbROM CTaTCICOM COBCTHHICC AJieKcee AneKcaHAPOBH'IC Jlony-
XHHC, CTp. 108-110, 120---124 (H3 apXHea B. K. Aracj>ouoea).
.. JlpOTOICOJJ N'!! 10 Toro lf(C «IlpeA&apHTeJlbHOro CJJCACTBHll», CTp. 132.

269
 QHSI 6blna He Bor BeCTh KaKa.si: B noe3.n;e Me:>K.n;y KenhHOM
H BepnHHOM B pa3rap KypopTHoro ce3oHa He TaK Tpy.n;Ho
6bmo HanacTb Ha pyccKHX. Tio-BH.ZJ:HMOMy, nacca:>KHpbI
6hmH HeMQhI. Ho e.n;Ba nH JlonyxHH H He3aBHCHMO OT
cnyqaliHhIX coce.n;eM: cephe3HO paccqHTb1BaJ1 Ha co6mo.n;e-
HHe TaHHhI. BypqeB BeChMa Heo:>KH.n;aHHO nmneT: «KaKoe
oco6eHHOe 3HaqeHHe Mor OH (JlonyxHH) npH.n;aBaTh 3TOMY
pa3r0Bopy? Hy Mor nH OH cqHTaTh, qTo paccKa3bIBaeT
KaKyro-To npaBHTenbCTBeHHYJO TaHHy... Kor.n;a npe:>K.n;e,
qeM npoH3HeCTH HMSI A3e<l>a, OH Bhlcnyrnan no.n;po6Hett-
rnHH paccKa3 06 ero .n;esiTenhHOCTH». EcnH 6h1 JlonyxHH He
npH.n;aBan 3HaqeHHSI pa3rOBopy, TO OH, oqeBH,ll;HO, He MOr
6b1 6hITh «noTpsiceHHhIM». KaK Mor OH He noHHMaTh, qero
CTOHT UM npoH3HeceHHoe MM.SI A3e<l>a!
He ocTaHaBnHBaI-Ocb no.n;po6Hee Ha ncHxonorHqecKott
CTopoHe 3Toro .n;ena. ,[(yMaI-O, qTo perna10mee 3HaqeHHe
.n;nsi JionyxHHa HMenH cnoBa B. JI. BypqeBa o qapey6HM:-
CTBe, KOTOpoe no.n;roTOBnsin «PacKHH», H 06 OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTH 3a TY KpOBh, KOTopag eme 6y.n;eT HM nponHTa B
6y.n;ymeM. KaK 6b1 TO HH 6brno, noene rneeTH qaeoB
pa3roBopa, y:>Ke nepe.n; eaMhIM BepnHHOM, A. A. JlonyxHH
pa36Hn CBOI-O :>KH3Hh, cKa3aB EypqeBy, qTo HH:>KeHep
A3e<I> - TaHHhIH areHT .n;enapTaMeHTa nonHQHH.
He eTOMT OCTaHaBnHBaThCSI H Ha TOM, KaK, qepe3
eKOnhKO BpeMeHH, no qbeH BHHe Beeb pa3rOBOp B noe3.n;e
ernn H3BeCTeH A3e<l>y. no 102-M: eTaThe YronoBHoro yno-
:>KeHHSI 6hIBlIIHH .n;HpeKTOp .n;enaprnMeHTa nonHQHH 6hIJI
npHcy:>K.n;eH K KaTOp)l(HbIM pa6oTaM, 3aMeHeHHbIM cebm-
KOH Ha noeeneHHe B CH6Hpb. Xoporno H3BeeTHO H Bee
ocTanhHoe: ey.n; Ha.n; EypqeBhIM no o6BHHeHHJO B oKneBe-
TaHMH A3e<l>a, eeHeaQHOHHhIH paeeKa3 o6BHHSieMoro o ero
BeTpeqe B noe3.n;e e JionyxHHbIM, HOBOe cne.n;eTBHe eoqHa-
nHeTOB-peBOfllOQHOHepoB, npoBepKa anH6H A3e<l>a, o6'h-
sieHeHHe e HMM npe.n;eTaBHTeneii napTHH H, HaKOHeQ, 6er-
eTBO pa3o6naqeHHoro npoBoKaTopa.

VIII.
,[(nsi napTHH eOQHanHeTOB-peBOnI-OQHOHepoB noene pa-
306naqeHHSI A3e<l>a HaeTynHnH xy.n;hie BpeMeHa Ha nocTy 0
•

' A. H. r)"IKOB CKa3an, CMCllCb, B. JI. 6yp1.1eBy, BCTpeTHBWHCb C HHM B

IleTep6ypre B AeKa6pe 1915 r. Ha KBapTHpe M. A. CTaxoBH'la: di 3HaJO, '!TO Bbl
CTOHJIH HaweMy npaBHTCJlbCTBY KpyDHeiiwee COCTOllHHC... Bee 3TH ACHbrH 6blJIH
Bb16poweHbl ua yJIH1.1y, u6o Bbl HHKOrAa He COCTOllJIH B napTHH, a Bawu pa3o6Jia'le-

270
 rJiaBbI EoeBoli opramna:u;m1 ero JaMemrn 6bIJIO
E. B. CaBHHKOB, HO HJ 3Toro HH'lero He BbIIIIJIO. EBr. Ko-
JIOCOB roBopHT, 'ITO CaBHHKOB 6bIJI no npHpo.n;e HMHTaTo-
poM: B JIHTepaType OH no.n;paX<aJI TO 3. H. rHnm1yc, TO JI.
H. ToJICToMy; KaK TeppopHcT, OH Mor 6bITb JIHIIIb HcnoJI-
HHTeJieM npe.n;ua11epTaHHH A3ecpa. 3aMe'laHHe HHTepecHoe,
HO eCJIH .n;aX<e OHO H BepHO (B 11eM R COMHeBaJOCb), TO HM,
KOHe'IHO, HeJib3R o6'hRCHHTb cyrn;HOCTb .n;eJia.
PaJ06Jia11eHHe Eyp:u;eBbIM «a3ecprn;HHbI» BbIJBaJio Bo
BCeM MHpe CeHCaQHJO, KOTopy10 xopOIIIO nOMHRT JIJOJJ;H
Moero noKoJieHHR. B TY nopy ern:e .n;yMaJIH, 'ITO MoryT
cyrn:ecTBOBaTb 6oeBbie npOTHBOnpaBHTeJibCTBeHHbie nap-
THH 6e3 «BHyTpeHHero OCBern;eHHR» H 6e3 npOBOKaQHH.
J1CTOpHR Bcex peBOJIJOQHOHHblX JJ;BHX<eHHH TeCHO nepe-
nJieTaeTCR c noBeCTbJO npe.n;aTeJibCTBa H H3MeHbI. B Poc-
CHH nOJIHTH'leCKaR 6opb6a HMeJia KpOBaBbIH xapaKTep.
Ilo3TOMY H «a3ecprn;HHa» 6bIJia HCTHHHO TparH'leCKHM
RBJieHHeM. 0Ha .n;oporo CTOHJia napTHH COQHaJIHCTOB-
peBOJIJOQHOHepoB. B 6ypHoif HCTOpHH 3TOH napTHH .n;Ba
pa3a Ha ee .n;oJIJO Bbma.n;aJI nepHo.n; 11pe3Bb111aii:Hoii: He-
nonyJIRpHOCTH: B 1909 ro.n;y, 3aTeM .n;eCRTblO ro.n;aMH
Il03.D;Hee, B nopy pa36HT0f0 KOpb!Ta H nepBbIX nOHCKOB:
KTO X<e KOpbITO pa36HJI?
JI. MapToB nHcaJI A. H. IloTpecoBy 29 RHBapR 1909
ro.n;a: «3.n;ecb ceii:11ac Bee noJIHO .n;eJIOM A3ecpa. To, 'ITO no
ceMy cJiy'laJO ony6JIHKOBaHO, rJiaBHblM o6pa30M caMHM
c.-p. U:eHTpoM, yHH'ITOX<aeT B KOpHe BCJO c.-p.-W:HHy.
,l1;eJIO c 3TOH ny6JIHKOH OKa3aJIOCb .n;aX<e xyX<e, 'leM npe.n;-
noJiaraJIH Bbl B CTaTbe 0 npo:u;ecce repIIIyHH: eCJIH Bbl B
Heii: nHCaJIH, 'ITO EoeBaR opraHH3aQHR paBHa repIIIyHH, TO
OHH caMH Tenepb npH3HaJIH ne11aTHO, 'ITO He TOJibKO «E.
0.», HO H «U:. K.» H Boo6rn:e BCR BepxyIIIKa napTHH 6bIJia
paBHa repIIIyHH nJIJOC A3ecp ... 0HH - H A3ecp 60JibIIIe,
'leM repIIIyHH, - KOOnTHpOBaJIH B CBOJO cpe.n;y rap.n;eHH-
Ha (lJepHOBa) H roQa, OHH CJJ;eJiaJIH «PeBOJIJOQHOHHYJO
PoccHJO» QeHTpaJibHbIM opraHOM H o6'bRBHJIH cyrn:ecT-
By10rn:eii: napTHJO» .•. Ilo-BHJJ;HMOMy, «a3ecprn;HHa» y co-
QHaJI-.n;eMOKpaTOB Bbl3bIBaJia He OJJ;HH TOJibKO ropeCTHbie
11yBCTBa. EbITb MOX<eT, KanHTaJIHCTH11ecKOMY cTpo10 BeJ.n;e
npHIIIJIOCb 6bI nJIOXO, eCJIH 6bI peBOJIJOQHOHepbl HeHaBH-
.n;eJIH «6ypX<ya3HJO» TaK, KaK OHH HeHaBHJJ;RT .n;pyr .n;pyra.

HHll A3ect>a npHHCCJIH TOllbl(O Il0llb3y, H6o LICMOpaJIH30BaJIH peBOJIIOUHOHHblC

KpyrH» (ceKpeTHblii panopT ztenapTaMeHTY noJIHUHH MaaaceeH'la-MaayHJioea o
ero pa3roeope c liypueBblM OT 21 zteKa6p11 1915 r. Jb HeH3ztaHHoro apxHea
B. K Aract>oaoea, nanKa N!! 5).

271
 BecbMa pe3KHM HanaJJ:KaM IIOJJ:BepraJIHCb rJiaBapw co-
:QHaJIHCTOB-peBOJIIO:QHOHepoB B HX co6cTBeHHOH napTHH.
0JJ:HH o6BHH.HJIH QeHTpaJihHbIH KOMHTeT, JJ:pyrne EoeByIO
opramf3au;w10; OJJ:HH roBopmm o qpe3MepHoM yBJieqeHHH
TeppopoM, JJ:pyrwe 0 He)J;OCTaToqHoM BHHMaHHH K Tep-
popy; O)J;HH IIHCaJIH 0 reHepaJibCTBe, JJ:pyrne IIHCaJIH 0
JiaKeHCTBe. Oco6eHHOe HeroJJ:OBaHHe BhI3bIBaJio To, qTo
A3ecpa TYT )Ke «He y6HJIH, xax co6axy». B 3TOM o6BHH.HJIH
npeHMyll(eCTBeHHO CaBHHKOBa (T10TqeB, repMaH Jlona-
THH). Hexornpb1e o6b.HCH.HJIH yJJ:aqy 6ercTBa A3ecpa TeM,
qTo «CaBHHKOB wcnyraJic.si:». 3To, KOHeqffo, HeBepHo. B
HeJJ:OCTaTKe cMeJIOCTH oqeHh TPYJJ:HO o6BHH.HTb CaBHH-
KOBa; )];a H npH TOM HaCTpoeHHH, KOTOpoe TOr)J;a 6bIJIO B
EBpone, y6wiiu;e A3ecpa 6hm BIIOJIHe o6ecneqeH onpaBJJ:a-
TeJihHbIH npwroBop npHC.H)l(HbIX. CaM CaBHHKOB roBopHJI,
qTo y Hero He IIOJJ:H.HJiacb pyxa Ha ero 6bIBIIIero TOBapwll(a
H BO)l()J;.H: «B 3TOT MOMeHT .SI ero JII06HJI ell(e, KaK 6pa-
Ta». 0JJ:Ho o6b.HCHeHHe JiyqIIIe JJ:pyroro. B JJ:eHcTBHTeJih-
HOCTH A3ecpa He y6HJIH noToMy, qTo Bee coBepIIIeHHO
pacTep.HJIHCb. l1 TO CKa3aTb: 6hIJIO OT qero.
B CB.H3H c pa3o6JiaqeHHeM «a3ecpll(HHhI», HeKOTOpb1e
CO:QHaJIHCTbI-peBOJIIO:QHOHepbI «nepeHeCJIH caMoe CTpaIII-
HOe MopaJibHOe IIOTp.si:ceHHe BCeH CBOeH )l(H3HH».' JJ:pyrwe
OTOIIIJIH OT napTHH, KOe-KTO IIOKOHqHJI c co6oi1. l1 noqTH
B TO )Ke BpeM.si: B npoTHBonoJIO)l(HOM Jiarepe JI. H. PaTaeB
IIHCaJI JJ:HpeKTOPY )J;enaprnMeHTa IIOJIH:QHH 3yeBy: «Thi
O)J;HH, MO)l(eT 6hITb, IIOHMeIIIb, KaK T.Sl)l(eJio 6bIJIO )];JI.SI
MeH.si: npHHTH K y6e)l(JJ:eHHIO B npeJJ:aTeJibCTBe A3ecpa ... OH
)J;aJI MHe CTOJibKO OC.H3aTeJibHbIX )J;OKa3aTeJibCTB CBOeH
ycep)J;HOH CJiy)l(6bI, CBe)J;eHH.SI ero OTJIHqaJIHCb BCer)J;a Ta-
KOH 6e3yKopH3HeHHOH TOqHOCTbIO, qTo MHe Ka3aJIOCb qy-
)J;OBHil(HbIM, qTo6bI npH TaKHX ycJIOBH.SIX qeJIOBeK MOr
6bITh 3JIOJJ:eeM H JJ:Ba)l(JJ:bI npeJJ:aTeJieM». ,lJ;pyrwe npocTo He
BepHJIH. MbICJIH o JJ:BOHHOM npeJJ:aTeJibCTBe A3ecpa He
JJ:onycxaJI npeJJ:CeJJ:aTeJib coBeTa MHHHCTpoB CTOJihIIIHH,

' Ilocne pa3o6na'leHHll B IlapmKe B llHBape 1909 roAa COCTOllJJOCb co6panne

BH.!{Heiiwnx COIUlaJJHCTOB·peBOJllOIUIOHepoB, Ha KOTOpOM B. M. llepHOB paccKa3aJJ
06 H3MeHe maBbl Boeeoii opraHH3alUIH. IloApo6Heiiwnii oneT 06 3TOM 3aceAaHHH
6bJJI neMe.l{JleHHO, no renerpacj>y, nepeAaH B IleTep6ypr fapTHHrOM·JlaHAeii3eHoM
.!{HpeKTopy AenapTaMeHTa DOJIHIUIH. B AOHeceHHH Mbl 'IHTaeM: «KOr.!{a llepHOB
OKOH'IHJJ CBOIO pe'lb, npeAceAaTeJJbCTBOBaBWHH <l>yHAaMHHCKHH (ByHaKOB) H MHO·
rue H3 npHCYTCTBOBaBWHX DJJaKaJJH; Apyrne CH.!{eJJH c ony~eHHblMH roJJOBaMH, He
npoH3HOCll HH CJJOsa» ... fapTHHr, o6naAaswnii 'IYBCTBHTeJJLHoii Aywoii, HeMnoro
cryCTHJJ 1Cpacm: MHe paccKa3blBaJJH 06 3TOM 3ace.!{a11HH He COBceM TaK. Ho
DOTpllceHHe B Kpyrax COUHaJlllCTOB·pesOJllOUHOHepos 6bJJIO, KOHe'IHO, yiKaCHOe.
TpH y'laCTHHKa co6paHHll KaTeropn'leCKH DOTpe6oBaJJH HeMe.l{JleHHoro y6HiiCTBa
A3ecj>a. «B Te'leHHe roAa, - rosopnT B. M. 3eH3HHOB, - ne 6b1Jlo y MeHll Affll n
HO'IH, KOrAa ll He AYMaJJ 6bl 0 HeM»...

272
3amHmaBIJJHH ero e TpH6yHbl roey.z:i:apeTBeHHOH ,L(yMbl. A
H3BeeTHbIH peBOJIIOQHOHep KaprroaHq, yJI<e rroene pa3o-
6naqeHHH, rpo3HJI rrepeeTpemnh eBoHx TOBapHmeii no
napTHH, oeMeJIHBIJJHxesi 3ano.z:i:o3pHTb rnaay Eoeaoii op-
raHH3aQHH B enyJI<6e .z:i:errapTaMeHTY ITOJIHQHH.

IX.
0 ey.ri:b6e 3HaMeHHToro npoaoKaTopa XO.IJ:HJIH B
Te BpeMeHa eaMble pa3Hble eJiyXH. ra3eTHble KOppeenoH-
,L(eHTbl 0.L(HOBpeMeHHO HaXO.L(HJIH ero ene.L(bl BO Beex eTpa-
Hax Eaponb1. HeeKOJibKO qenoBeK e.z:i:Ba He rro.ri:Beprn1:1eb
6oJiblJJHM HerrpHSITHoeTSIM Bene.ri:eTBHe exo.z:i:eTBa e A3e-
cPOM.
Ha eaMoM .z:i:ene HaHTH A3e<Pa B eBporreiieKHX eTOJIHQax
6h1no TPY.IJ:HO: OH eoBeprnan eBa.z:i:e6Hoe rryTerneeTBHe!
AJecl> B KOHQe 1907 ro.z:i:a B neTep6ypreKoM «AKaapH-
yMe» 1103HaKOMHJieSI e Kacl>ernaHTaHHOH rreBHQeH - HeM-
KOH K.*. 3HaKoMeTBO npeapaTHJIOeh B rrpoqHyIO eBSI3b,
rrpo.z:i:onJI<aBrny10esi .z:i:o KOHQa JI<H3HH AJecl>a ••. ,L(aMa :na
Bb1exana Bene.z:i: 3a HHM Ja rpaHHQY. B TY nopy, Kor.z:i:a
Haqanesi peaonIOQHOHHbIH ey.z:i: Ha.z:i: EypQeBbIM, AJe<l> e
HeMKOH HaXO.L(HJIHeb B oHappHQe H npeBOeXO.L(HO npOBO-
.L(HJIH BpeMsi: y.z:i:1:1n1:1 pb16y, e3.IJ:HJIH B CaH-Ce6aeTbSIH, B
Ma.z:i:p1:1.z:i:.
AJecl> 3HaJI, pa3yMeeTesi, o npe.ri:eTosimeM ey.z:i:e Ha.z:i:
BypQeBbIM. 3ToT ey.z:i: 6eenoKOHJI ero, o.ri:HaKo, He en1:1rn-
KOM, B Mepy. OH .z:i:aJI<e eBSI3bIBan e rrpoQeeeoM HeK0Topb1e
Ha.ri:eJI<.IJ:bI. B eaMOM .z:i:ene, een1:1 6h1 ey.IJ:hH, TPH 3HaMeH1:1-
Telirn1:1x peBOJIIOQHOHepa Poee1:11:1 (KH. KporrOTKHH, rep-
MaH JlorraTHH, Bepa <1>1:1rHep), JaKJieHMHJIH BypQeBa KaK
KJieBeTHHKa, nonoJI<eHHe A3e<l>a B rrapTHH ynpoq1:1noeh 6h1
Ha.ri:onro. Beeb MaTep1:1an o6BHHeHHSI (KpoMe y61:1iiCTBeH-
Horo ea1:1.ri:eTeJiheTBa Jlonyx1:1Ha) 6hIJI eMy xoporno H3Be-
eTeH ••• ' H, 110-BH.L(HMOMy, A 3e'i' "' eqHTaJI '.HOT MaTepHaJI He
oqeHh orraeHbIM. YJI<e rroene pa3o6naqeHHSI OH 111:1ean re-
Hepany repaeHMOBy: «Bee :no MOrJIO KOHqHTbeSI He TaK
ITJIOXO, a MOJI<eT, H xoporuo, eeJIH 6bl y.z:i:anoeb yeTaHOBHTb

' HeMKY :lTy pa:ihlCKaJI He TaK AaBHO B. .11. HHKonaeeCKHil, HanHcaewHil Ha

OCHOBaHHH ee paccKa30B H 6yMar HHTepecHeiiwyio pa6ory «KoHeQ A3ecf>a>>.
" Ilepea11 l!CeHa A3e<j>a, He not103peeaewa11 o ero HCTHHHoii ponH, uaecert1a
nopea.11a c HHM nocne pa:io6na'leHHll.
••• A. A. ApryHoe. A3e<j> - COQHaJIHCT-peeon10QH011ep.

273
cBoe am16H. Ho :no He y.uarrocb»·. Ilocne.uHeii npwrnHoii
IIpOBaJia 6bIJIO HMeHHO Hey.ua•rnoe aJIH6H, .ua H caMbIH BHJHT
AJe<Pa IC JlonyxHHy. B TOM )Ke caMOM IIHCbMe IC repaCHMOBY
AJe<P nmneT: «CnoBoM, 6bmo po1C0Boii ornH61CoH Moe H
Barne nocem.eHHe IC JI. Kor.ua Eor xoqeT Ha1CaJaTb 1Coro, TO
OTHHMaeT y Hero paJYM». 3To CBOe IIHCbMO IC reHepany
repaCHMOBy, HaqHHaI-Om.eeCH CJIOBaMH: «)J;eJIO .UpHHb»,
AJe<P HanHcan Ha cne.uyI-Olll.HH .ueHb nocne 6ercTBa. OH
npoCHJI BbI.[(aTb eMy «)l(aJIOBaHbe Ja .ue1Ca6pb», eCJIH MO)l(HO,
H noco6He, a Jao.[(Ho JanparnHBaJI, HeJibJH JIM nonyqHTb
MecTo, «Jiyqrne Bcero no HH)l(eHepHoii qacTH... HH)l(eHep H
He CICBepHbIH». AJe<P ocTaBJIHJI TalC)l(e pacnopH)l(eHHe Ha
cnyqaif, «eCJIH 6bI MepJaB~aM (T.e. peBOJII-O~HOHepaM. -
M.A.) y.uarrocb MeHH paJbICICaTb H no1CoHqHTb co MHOI-O».
B TOT )Ke caMblH .ueHb OH IIHCaJI IIHCbMO H IJ;eHTpaJib-
HOMY ICOMHTeTy napTHH, HO B COBeprneHHO HHOM, rny601Co
BOJMym.eHHOM TOHe: «0CICOp6neHHe Ta1Coe, 1Ca1C OHO HaHe-
ceHO MHe BaMH, JHaHTe, He npom.aeTCH H He 3a6brnaeTCH.
Ey.ueT BpeMH, 1Cor.ua Bbl .ua.UHTe Ja MeHH oTqeT napTHH H
MOHM 6nHJICHM. B 3TOM H yBepeH. B HacToHm.ee BpeMH H
cqacTJIHB, qTo qyBCTBYI-0 CHJibl c BaMH, rocno.ua, He cqH-
TaTbCH. MoH pa6oTa B npornnoM .uaeT MHe 3TH CHJibI H
IIO.[(bIMaeT MeHH Ha.u CMpa.uoM H rpH3bl-O, ICOTOpOH Bbl
01Cpy)l(eHbI Tenepb H Ja6pocaJIH MeHH». AJe<P oqeHb n1-0-
6HJI Bbipa)l(aTbCH c .UOCTOHHCTBOM.

OcTaBHB IlapH)I( c ero HenpHRTHbIMH BocnoMHHaHHH-

MH, A3e<P c HeMICOH OTnpaBHJIHCb nyTernecTBOBaTb. 0HH
no6bIBaJIH B HTaJIHH, B rpe~HH, B ErHnTe, .uonro npO)l(H-
JIH B JlI-OICCOpe, JaTeM BepHyJIHCb B repMaHHI-0. y AJe<Pa
6bIJIO HeCICOJiblCO pyCCICHX nacnopTOB, OH IIOJibJOBaJICH TO
O.UHHM, To .upyrHM. Ho, no-BH.UHMoMy, AJe<P He TalC y)I(
onacancH npecne.uoBaHHH co cTopoHbI napTHH. K 6oeBoii
TeXHHICe peBOJII-O~HoHepoB AJe<P Bcer.ua OTHOCHJICH c co-

' IlHCbMO A3e4>a K reH. fepaCHMOBY oT 25 .neKa6pa (CTaporo CTHJIH) 1909 r.

ApXHB B. K. Aracl>oHoea. - Pe'lb H,neT o 6epJJHHCKOM aJ1H6H A3e4>a. KaK H3BeCTHO,
YJH3B 0 TOM, '!TO JlonyxHH H33BaJI ero HMH liypueey, A3e4> IlOJieTeJI B IleTep6ypr
H, JIBHBWHCb K JlonyXHHy, .no6HBaJICJI ero OTKa3a ot CK333HHblX HM CJIOB. JlonyXHH
coo6ll(HJI o HCOllCH,naHHOM BH3HTe A. A. ApryHoey. 3TO H nory6HJio A3ecl>a.
ToeapHWaM no napTHH OH o6'bllCHHJI, '!TO C3.nHJI B liepJJHH. ,llnll yCTaHOBJICHHll ero
aJIH6H reu. fepaCHMOB IlOCJlaJI B liepJIHH c COOTBeTCTBCHHblMH 6yMaraMH o.naoro
H3 CBOHX areHTOB. AreHT, o.naaKO, OK33aJICJI HCOilblTllblM 'ICJIOBCKOM, nponHCaJICJI
ue TaM, r.ne CJie,noeano (e no,no3pHTCJibHblX aoMepax «Kep'lb»), H e.no6aeoK
(eepollTHO, .nJill yl'leJIH'ICHHll CBOHX «CYTO'IHblX») YK33aJI B C'leTC rOCTHHH~ 60Jib-
we ,nHeii, 'leM 6bUlo HYl!CHO. linaro.napa Pll.nY 6onee HJIH Menee CJiy11aiiHblX y,na'I,
B. 0. <l>a6pHKaHT, nocnaHHblii napTHeii B liepJIHH c uen&io npoeepKH anH6H A3ecl>a
H OCTaHOBHBWHHCJI B TOH l!CC rOCTHHHUC, Heonpoeepl!CHMO BblllCHHJI, '!TO B HOMepax
«Kep'lb» llCHJI He A3e4>.

274
BeprneHHhIM npe3pem1eM'. B TOM )l(e IlHChMe K repaCHMO-
BY OH roBopHr: «EcJm OHH (cou.HaJIHCTh1-peBon10u.HoHe-
pb1. - M.A.) .n:ora.n:aiorc.si: o6paTHThCR K qacTHhIM .n:ereK-
THBaM, ro re, no)l(anyu, H nona.n:yr Ha (Mon) cne.n:». B ero
cnoBax, co6crBeHHO, 3aKJIIOqaJiacb 3JiaR HacMernKa: Eoe-
BaR opraHH3aU.HR, 06pama10maRCH K qacTHhIM ,n:eTeKTH-
BaM JJ:JIR Toro, qro6hl BblCJie,n:HTh CBOero 6bIBIIIero BO)l(JJ:R!
KaK 6hl TO HH 6hlJIO, A3e<f> He npH6eran K rpHMY. jJ
BM,n:en ero <f>ororpa<f>Hio, CHRTYIO nocne pa3o6naqeHHR, B
OcreH,n:e: A3e<f> B nonocaroM KynaJihHOM KOCTIOMe BhIXO-
,n:HT H3 BOJJ:hI no.n: pyKy c HeMKoii. Ha ero JIHU.e 6na)l(eHHaR,
c11:R10maR YJihI6Ka. Tyr )l(e pR,n:oM ynh16aJOTCR <f>ororpa<f>y
.n:pyrHe KynanhmHKH. 0HH, HaBepHoe, HHKaK He npe.n:nona-
ranM, qro raK 6naro,n:yrnHo H Beceno CHHMaJOTCR B o6me-
CTBe o.n;Horo H3 caMhIX crpaIIIHhIX JIIO,n:eu B HCTOpHH.
B 1910 ro.n:y A3e<f> oKoHqareJihHO noceJIHJICR B Eep-
JIHHe, CHRJI KBapTHPY Ha LuitpoldstraBe, 21 H o63aBeJICR
Me6eJihIO. Ilo no,n:cqeraM E. 11. HHKonaeBcKoro, Ha no-
.n:apKH CBOeH CO)l(HTeJihHHU.e H Ha ycrpoii:CTBO KBapTHpbI
A3e<f> HcrpaTHJI OKOJIO 100 ThicRq MapoK. Tor )l(e HC-
cne,n:oBaTeJih onpe,n:eJIReT npH6JIH3HTeJibHO ero COCTORHHe
B 150--180 ThIC5fq MapoK (OKOJIO MHJIJIHOHa <f>paHKOB).
0.n;HaKO npH TaKOM cpaBHHTeJihHO CKpOMHOM .n:ocTaTKe
JIIO)l;M B TO BpeMR, OC06eHHO B repMaHHH, He TpaTHJIH Ha
o6craHOBKY H 6pHJIJIHaHThI 100 ThICRq MapoK. BepoRTHO,
A3e<f> 6bln 3HaqHrenhHO 6oraqe,
IlpOHCXO)l(JJ:eHHe ero 6oraTCTBa HHKaKHX COMHeHHH
BhI3hIBaTh He MO)l(eT. )l(anoBaHhe, Koropoe nnaTHJI A3e<f>y
.n:enapraMeHT IlOJIHIJ.HH, 6bIJIO oqeHb BeJIHKO MR areHTa,
HO M3 Hero CKOilHTh COCTORHHe 6hIJIO BCe-TaKH rpy,n:HO ••.
KpynHhIX cyMM .n:enapraMeHT noJIHU.HH He ,n:aBaJI eMy
HHKor.n:a. Mhl HMeeM .n:a)l(e ocHoBaHHe ,n:yMaTh, qro A3e<f>
Mor 6b1 BhlToproBaTh 6oJihIIIe, qeM nonyqan B .n:eii:cr-

' PyKOBO.llllllUIC yKll3aHHll A3ajla nopo!O (oco6eHHO B AeJiax o noKyweHHH Ha

CTOJiblDHHa H 06 H31'0TOBJICHHH a3pODJiaHa AJ!ll TeppopHCTH'lecKHX aKTOB) HMeJIH
xapaKTep coaepweuiwro H3ACBaTeJibCTBa Ha.II reppopHCTaMH.
" B ynoMllHYTOM Bb!We nOCJie.nueM ero DHC&Me ceii'lac, noCJie p113o6Jia'leHHll,
OH npocHJI repaCHMOBa o ACH&rax (H o CJiylK6e), Haaepuoe, AJill Toro, 'IT06bl
pa3lKaJI06HTb caoeii CYAb60IO l(enapTaMeHT DOJIHQHH: «R yweJI 6e3 Bcel'O, O'leHb
MaJIO AeHer y MeHll H 6e3 DJiaTbll». A3ecj>, co6cTBeHHO, AalKC H He TaK HaCToii'IHBO
npocHJI: «He MOlKeT 6b!Tb pe'IH 0 KaKOM-HH6YAb IlOCTOllHHOM B03HarpaQeHHH.
,IJ;yMalO, 'ITO 3a AeKa6pb IlOJiaraeTCll, a AaJibWe pewaiiTe caMH». 3a AeKa6pb
eMy AeiiCTBHTCJibHO <<nOJiaraJIOCb» - OH 6blJI p11306Jia'!eH TOJlbKO 23 AeKa6p11 (CT.
CT.). - 'ITO lKC, AapHTb CBOii 3apa60TOK? Ho, KOHC'IHO, HH noco6He, HH CJiylK6a He
6&IJIH HYlKHbl A3ajly KaKyiO CJiylK6y OH Mor npHHllTb B PoCCHH, rAe TOJibKO o aeM
H l'OBOpHJIH, Be3Ae CO CKpelKeTOM 3y60BHblM! B ACiiCTBHTCJibHOCTH eMy 6blJIH,
BepOllTHO, HYlKHbl nacnopTa AenapTaMeHTa OOJIHQHH H, 6b!Tb MOlKeT, ero npoTeK-
QHll AJ!ll CB060AHOl'O lKHTeJibCTBa B repMaHHH.

275
BHTeJihHOCTH: «ECJIH 6bI Ha.no 6bIJIO, eMy He TOJibKO Tbl-
CRqy (B MeCRU:), HO H 11RTb TbICRq 3a11JiaTHJIH 6hI», ~
110Ka3hIBaJI A. B. f'epacHMOB CJie,n:cTBeHHOH KOMHCCHH
BpeMeHHoro 11paBHTeJibCTBa •. ,[(e11apTaMeHT Boo6m:e He
mo6HJI Bhl,n:aBaTb Kpy11Hble cyMMhI areHTaM. KaJKeTcR,
TOJibKO f'a110H 110JiyqHJI cpa3y MHOro ,n:eHer, - 3TO B
caMoM ,n:eJie 6bmo oqeHb 011acHoH Hrpmo... Ho A3eil>,
11peJK,n:e qacTO 11pOCHBllIHH 0 11pH6aBKe, 110CJie 11epBOH
peBOJIIOIJ;HH yJKe He MOr 110-HaCTORI.IJ;eMy HHTepecoBaTbCR
CBOHM areHTCKHM OKJia,n:OM (BepORTHO, 1103TOMY H 11po,n:e-
ll1eBHJI). y Hero OKa3aJICR ropa3,n:o JiyqllIHH HCTOqHHK
,n:oxo,n:a: Kacca BoeBoH opraHH3au;HH 11apTHH cou;HaJIH-
CTOB-peBOJIIOIJ;HOHepoB.
«,[(eHer 6b1JI0 MHoro, - 11HllleT A. A. ApryHoB B CBOHX
BOCl10MHHaHHRX 06 3TOM 11epHo,n:e B HCTOpHH 11apTHH. -
KpoMe c11eu;HaJibHhIX «6oeBbIX» cyMM, ocTaBllIHXCR B oco-
6oM it>oH,n:e BoeBoH opraHH3aIJ;HH OT 11peJKHHX JieT H
Haxo,n:HBllIHXCR B pac11opRJKeHHH H Ha oTqeTe A3eil>a ( oT-
qeTa OH HHKOMY He ,n:aBaJI, H B TOM q:HcJie H l.J,K), 6bIJIH
H3bICKaHbl HOBbie HCTOqH:HKH 110JKepTBOBaHHH Ha 6oeBoe
,n:eJio... HacKOJihKO 6oraTa 6h1Jia Kacca 1.J,K, MOJKHO cy-
JJ:HTh 110 TOMY' qTQ B 1906 ro,n:y ( c BeCHbl 110 3HMY) pacxo,n:
JJ:OXOJJ:HJI .no 1000 py6JieH B ,n:eHb, He cqHTaR TpaT Ha
6oeBh1e ,n:eJia ... 0THOllleHHe K 6oeBoMy ,n:eJiy Bcer,n:a 6h1JI0
TaKoe: CKOJihKO 11pocHT BoeBaR opraHH3aIJ;HR, CTOJihKO H
,n:aBaTb Ha.no». B11ocJie,n:CTBHH 11apTHHHaR cy,n:e6Ho-cJie,n:cT-
BeHHaR KOMHCCHR 110 ,n:eJiy A3eil>a 3aHHTepecoBaJiach Bo11-
pocoM o pacxo,n:oBaHHH cyMM BoeBOH opraHmau;HH.
«KpaJI JIH A3eil>? - c11pallIHBaeT TOB. l.J,. H oTBeqaeT: -
JI y6eJK,n:eH, qTo OH Kpam>. ToB. l.J,. «TaK 110JiaraeT He
TOJibKO 110TOMy, qTo BCR 110CTaHOBKa ,n:eJia ,n:aBaJia JJ:JIR
3TOro B03MOJKHOCTb, HO H 110TOMy, qTo Te11epb eMy 11pH-
110MHHaIOTCR HeK0Topb1e qepTbI H3 110Be,n:eHHR A3eit>a, Ha
KOTOpbie OH CBOeBpeMeHHO He o6paTHJI Ha,n:JieJKam:ero
BHHMaHHR» .... Ilo.n: JIHTepoH l.J,. B oTqeTe KOMHCCHH 3Ha-
q:HJICR He KTO HHOH, KaK B. B. CaBHHKOB, em:e He3a,n:oJiro
.no Toro «JII06HBllIHH A3eil>a, KaK 6paTa».

' «Marepuanbl», T. Ill, crp. 15

" ranou 111e.a.po pa:i.a.aean .a.eubru uanpaeo u uaneeo. 0. C. Muuop paccKa3bl-
ean MHe CJJe.11.YJOlllYIO cueuy, JIH'IHbIM CBH.lleTeJieM KOTopoii on 6blJI e :>Keueee. Ouu
CH,11.eJIH BABOeM Ha 6anKOHe KBapTHpbl ranoua, npOTHB Ka<l>e Jlau.a.oJJbTa. B ,11.Bepb
nocry'laJJH; B KOMHaTy BOWeJI Jleuuu. Ou OT03BaJJ ranoua B rny6b KOMHaTbl H
nowenTanc11 c HHM; 3aTeM ranou 11a rna3ax 0. C. Muuopa Bb!HYJJ H3 6yMallCHHKa
na'!Ky accuruauuii u nepe,11.an ee JleHHuy, KOTOpblii TOT'!ac y.aanHJJCll o'!eHb .aoeoJJb-
Hblii. 3TH ,lleHbrH ue npHHa,llJlel!CaJJH .aenapTaMeHTY UOJIHl(HH, 110 H 003,llHee ranou,
eepollTHO, .aaean .aeubraM .aenapTaMenTa caMoe ueol!CH.llanuoe ua:iua'!eHHe.
'" 3aKJJIO'!euue cy.ae6uo-cne.acreeuuoii KOMHCCHH ... crp. 54.

276
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HMeHeM AneKcaH.n:pa HeiiMaiiepa. 11HTepecHo TO, 'ITO
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A3eQ> noJib30BaJICSI B nocne.n:HHe ro.n:h1 ceoeii JKH3HH
(«HeiiMaiiep», «qepKac»), 6hIJIH y Hero B xo.n:y H B
nopy ero TeppopHCTH'leCKOH .n:esiTeJibHOCTH. 3To TOJKe
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CJieJKKH.
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MH. OH Hrpan Ha 6Hp:>Ke - nopoIO c HeMaJihIM ycne-
xoM, - o63aBeJICSI HeMeQKHMH npHSITeJISIMH. y Hero 'la-
CTO co6HpaJIHCb rOCTH, HrpaJIH B KapTbl H IlHJIH «Ha-
CTOSIII.\HH pyccKHH 'laii»; A3eQ> BhIBe3 H3 fleTep6ypra ca-
Moeap. B BHJibMepc.n:opQ>e, KOTOphIH Tor.n:a 6hIJI KBapTa-
JIOM o6ecne'leHHhIX, coJIHJl:HhIX, no'ITeHHhIX HeMQeB, Heii-
Maiiep c cynpyroii HMemi: penyTaQHIO xne6ocoJihHhIX ro-
CTenpHHMHhIX xo3siee. A3eQ> JKHJI B ceoe y.n:oeoJihCTBHe,
noceIQaJI yeeceJIHTeJihHbie MecTa, onepeTKy, ocMaTpHBaJI
pa3Hhle .ll:OCTOilpHMe'laTeJihHOCTH. qaCTO ye3JKaJI Ha Kypo-
pTbl, npHTOM Ha xopollIHe, B HeiieHap, Ha PHBhepy, .n:aJKe
B TpyBHJih, 6bIBllIHH B TY nopy caMbIM MOJl:HhIM JieTHHM
«nJisiJKeM» B Eepone. Ha KypopTax OH een 6oJihllIYIO Hr-
py - TaK, HanpHMep, B 1911 ro.n:y npowrpan 75 ThICSI'I
30JI. Q>paHKOB. Ceo10 coJKHTeJihHHI.\Y OH o'leHh JII06HJI.
E. 11. HHKOJiaeecKHH, 'IHTaBllIHH ero HeMeQKHe nHCbMa K
Heil, roeopHT, 'ITO HanHCaHbl OHM qpe3BbI'laHHO HeJKHO.
A3eQ> Ha3hIBaJI HeMKY MyllIH, a caM no.n:nHCbIBaJic.Sl «TBOH
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pyccKHe BbipaJKeHH.Sl, HMeHyeMbie y Hae Tpex:naJKHbIMH,
npH'leM BbIIlHChIBaJI HX JiaTHHCKHMH 6yKBaMH: «MyllIH»,
O'leBHJl:HO, KOe-'leMy Hay'IHJiaCb B neTep6yprCKHX H
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yMena.
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OH Jie'IHJICSI, OH npocMaTpHBaJI CilHCKH BHOBb npH6hIBIIIHX
pyccKHX, HO HHKaKHX Mep npe.n:ocTopOJKHOCTH He npHHH-
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277
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Typoli; 60JiblIIHHCT80 3MHrpaHT08 «YIIIJIO 8 JIH'iHYFO
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TeKyI.Qero MOMCHTa» ero y6HHCT80 He 6bIJIO.
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HOCTb. B HelieHapcKOM rrapKe, y 80.ZJ:, Ha Hero CJiy'iaHHO
HaTKHYJIHCb JIFO.ZJ:H, Kor.n:a-TO ero 3Ha8IIIHe. 11M y;::i:aJIOCb
3aMCTHTb HOMep CTaKaHa, KOTOpblM IIHJI 80.ZJ:Y AJe<t>. 3TH
HOMepa 8 HelieHape COOT8CTCT8YFOT HOMepaM KypopT-
HOH KapTbI. 0Ka3aJIOCb, 'ITO rro.n: TaKHM HOMepoM JHa'iHT-
CR 8 KHHrax Kyrreu Heli:Maliep H3 EepJIHHa, )l(H8YI.QHH 8
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B. JI. Eypuesy.
Eypues rrocTyrrHJI rro-c8oeMy, T.e. TaK, KaK, sepoRTHo,
He IIOCTYIIHJI 6b1 HHKTO ;::i:pyroli. OH HaIIHCaJI A3e<l>y IIHCb-
MO, B KOTOpOM rrpOCHJI ero 0 CBH.ZJ:aHHH. «HaM Heo6-
XO.ZJ:HMO 8H.ZJ:CTbCR c BaMH, - mi:caJI Eypue8, - H rrepero-
sopHTb o sorrpocax qpe3BbI'ialiHoli 8a)l(HOCTH. PaJyMeeT-
CR, He MO)l(CT 6bITb HHKaKOH MblCJIH 0 «3aca.n:e» c MOCH
cTopoHbI. EcJIH Bb1 'iHTaJIH Moe «liy;::i:yI.Qee», TO Bbr
JHaeTe, 'ITO rrepero8opb1 c BaMH .ZJ:JIR MCHR Ba)l(Hee scex
Jaca.n:, TaK KaK OHH rrpOJibFOT BepHbIH CBeT Ha Ba)l(HCHIIIHC
HCTOpH'iCCKHe BOIIpOCbl». MHe HCH3BeCTHO, 'iHTaJI JIM
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HCTOpH'ieCKHX BOIIpOCOB He MOrJIO oco6eHHO ero HHTe-
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KJIHKHeTech ... R rrepeHecy Bee HbIHeIIIHHe CBe;::i:eHHR (T.e.
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' B .nelicTBHTMLHOCTH B. JI. Bypues ea11aJI c Toro, '!TO coo61UHJJ napTHH

cse.neHHll CBOHX HeiieeapcKHX KOppecDOH.!ICHTOB. COUHaJIHCTbl-peBOJllOUHOHepbl
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11aiieoii OWH6KH, TC A3e4>a He HaWJJH. Ilpu O'ICHb 60JJJ.WOH HaCTOii'IHBOCTH ero,
sepOllTHO, MOlKHO 6blJIO HaiiTH Ha KypOpTe .Zlal!Ce c OWH60'1BblM a.npecoM (A3ecft
2 asryCTa nepeexaJI H3 Heiieeapa s Ba.nee-Ba.nee, oCTasus csoii a.npec ea
DO'ITC).

278
mrncxyw KBapTHpy, oTocnan Myurn K ee MaTyIIIKe B
npoBHHQHIO, 3aTeM OH HanHcan EypQeBy, 'ITO cornaceH Ha
CBH;::i;aHHe! «IlpeMOX<eHHe BaIIIe npHH.SITO. 0Ho coBna;::i;aeT
c MOHM ;::i;aBHHIIIHHM X<eJiaHHeM ycTaHOBHTb npaB;::i;y B
MOeM ;::i;ene. R pa3 nHcan X<eHe 06 3TOM MOeM X<enaHHH,
HO .SI He IlOJIY'IHJI OTBeTa».

BcTpeqa npoH30IIIJia 15 aBrycrn 1912 ro;::i;a BO <l>paHK-

q,ypTe B xa<Pe «EpHCTOJib». B. JI. EypQeB B 'lac )l;H.SI BOIIIeJI
B xo<PeiiHIO. «M BOT B rny6HHe 3aJia, OKOJIO O)l;HOrO
cTOJIHKa, no;::i;H.SIJiacb rpy3Ha.SI <l>Hrypa ... A3e<P o6eHMH py-
KaMH onHpaJIC.SI o CTOJI ... OH xax 6y;::i;To ;::i;aX<e pacTepS1JIC.S1,
xor;::i;a .SI npOTSIHYJI eMy pyxy. HexoTopoe BpeM.SI .SI CTO.SIJI
nepe;::i; A3e<PoM c npoT.SIHYTOH pyxoii, noxa OH HaKOHeQ He
IlOH.SIJI, 'ITO .SI ;::i;eHCTBHTeJibHO xoqy c HHM Il03)l;OpOBaTbC.SI,
H TOJibKO Tor;::i;a OH npOT.SIHYJI MHe pyxy» ... KaK 6y;::i;To
;::i;aX<e pacTep.S1ncS1? MoX<eT 6bITh, H B caMoM ;::i;ene «KaK
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CTYilHTb B HenpHBbI'IHOH )];JI.SI Hero pOJIH - B pOJIH KaIO-
merOCSI rpeIIIHHKa, nopa)l(eHHOro BeJIHKOAYIIIHeM Bpara.
OH 06'h.S1BHJ1 EypueBy, 'ITO Tpe6yeT «cy;::i;a Ha;::i; co6010
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roBopa, IlOKOH'IHT )l(H3Hb caMoy6HHCTBOM. Ilocne 3Toro
ueHHoro coo6meHH.SI A3e<P cTaJI npoJIHBaTh cBeT Ha npo-
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'IHBbIM o6pa30M. OH yBepS1n, HanpHMep, EypueBa, 'ITO
HettaJlHHO BbI)l;aJI ;::i;enapTaMeHTY IlOJIHUHH rpynny «CeMH
noBeIIIeHHhix»! Tax 6yxBaJihHO H cxa3an: He'la.SIHHO nporo-
BOpHJIC.SI B 6ece;::i;e C repaCHMOBbIM.
Pa3roBop B xo<PeiiHe npo;::i;on)l(aJIC.SI HeCKOJibKO qacoB.
EypueB 3aKa3aJI ce6e 6H<l>IIITexc. A3e<P cxpoMHO cnpocHn
nopQHIO KapTOIIIKH H IlO.SICHHJI: «R - BereTapHaHeu».
,ll;yIIIa A3e<Pa He MHpHnacb c nponHTHeM xpoBH )l(HBOT-
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Tepa. A3e<P no'ITH y6e;::i;Hn EypQeBa B TOM, 'ITO )l(a)l(;::i;eT
cy;::i;a! «IlporoBOpHBIIIH c A3e<PoM B TPH npHeMa scero
10--12 qacos, - nHIIIeT Eypues, - .SI npHIIIeJI K y6e)l(;::i;e-
HHIO, 'ITO OH B TO BpeMSI ;::i;eHCTBHTeJibHO XOTeJI Ha)]; co6oIO
cy;::i;a CBOHX 6hIBIIIHX TOBapHmeii». Bnpo'leM, IlOJIHOH yse-
peHHOCTH y B. JI. Eypuesa He 6hIJIO. «06mee sne'laT-
neHHe, KOTOpoe .SI Mor BbIHeCTH H3 CBH)l;aHHH c A3e<PoM,
TaKOBO, 'ITO OH M02 H 6bIJI cnoco6eH H ;::i;aJihIIIe )l(HTb 6e3
cy;::i;a Ha;::i; HHM. Ha 3TO y Hero, no-BHAHMoMy, xBa:rano
CHJibl BOJIH». R TO)l(e ;::i;yMaIO: Mor H 6bIJI cnoco6eH H
279
XBaTaJJO eHJJbl BOJJH . .LJ;yMal-0 ,D;aX<e, qTo pa3rOBOpbl 0 ey,D;e,
pa3Hbie «npe,D;eMepTHhie paenopSIX<eHmm ,D;OeTaBJJSIJJH
A3ecpy HeKOTOpoe Y,D;OBOJJheTBHe. no KpaiiHeH Mepe, IIO-
ene BeTpeqw BO <l>paHKcpypTe OH np:wenan EypQeBy MHH-
Hoe IIHehMO, B KOTOpOM IIO,D;po6Ho, B IISITH naparpacpax,
HJJJaran yenoBHSI «ey,D;a». B naparpacpe BTopoM roBopw-
noeb: «Cy,D; ,D;OJJX<eH MHe eBoH np:wroBop o6'hSIBHTh, HSI ero
npHBe,D;y eaM B HeIIOJJHeHHe B 24 qaea, BpeMSI, KOTOpoe
MHe HYX<HO ,D;JJSI npe,D;eMepTHhIX nweeM» H T.,D;. B. JI.
EypQeB He eoo6I.QaeT ToqHo, Kor,D;a H OTKy,D;a A3ecp npw-
enan eMy :no nwehMO B ,D;peBHepHMeKOM ,D;yxe. Ho no
6yMaraM A3ecpa MhI Tenepb 3HaeM, qTo npSIMO H3 <l>paHK-
cpypTa OH noexan B TpyBHJJh w, BepHo, e oTqaSIHHSI, noBen
wrpy B ,D;OBHJJbeKoM xaJHHO. CBH,D;aHHe e EypQeBbIM 6b1JJ0
15 aBryern, a 23 aBryern A3ecp X<anoBaneSI Mynrn B
nHehMe, SIBHO He HOeHBllleM npe,D;eMepTHOro xapaKTepa:
«Y ,D;pyr:wx 6brnaeT eqaeTbe - TOJJhKO y nanoqx:w HHKOr,D;a.
Y,D;HBHTeJJhHo! Kor,D;a SI eero,D;HSI ,D;epX<aJJ 6aHK, TO ero
eopBaJJH Ha BTopoM xpyre!» KaX<eTeSI, nanoqxa 6bIJJ Ha-
eTpoeH He TaK yX< TparwqeeKH.
3aqeM HYX<Ha 6h1na A3ecpy BeTpeqa e EypQeBbIM, Bee
3TO l1y,D;ylllKHHO nyeToenoBHe o ey,D;e? E. 11. H:wxonaeB-
exwii BhieKa3hIBaeT npe,D;nOJJOX<eHHe, qTo nHehMa, KOTO-
pble A3ecp nneaJJ qepe3 X<eHy eBOHM 6hIBillHM TOBapHI.QaM,
3aSIBJJeHHe 0 rOTOBHOeTH npe,D;eTaTb nepe,D; ey,D;OM napTHH
«6hIJJH MSI A3ecpa JJHlllh BOeHHOH xnTpoeThl-0. OH x HMM
npn6eran, X<enaSI noxaJaTh peBOJJI-OQHOHepaM, qTo y Hero
6oJJbllle HeT X<eJJaHHSI HM Bpe,D;HTh». Morno 6bITh, KOHeq-
HO, H Taxoe no6yX<,D;eHHe, HO, eo6eTBeHHO, Bpe,D;HTh A3ecp
60JJhllle He MOL Ha,D;O npHHSITb BO BHHMaHHe H TO, qTo
BeTpeqa e EypQeBhIM 6h1na Bee X<e oqeHh pnexoBaHHOH
nrpoI-O. EypQeB H eaM B 1909 ro,D;y npoenn CaBHHKOBa
«OT,D;aTh» eMy A3ecpa·. OH Mor, YMhIIllJJeHHO HJJH cnyqaiI-
HO, eoo6I.QHTh o npe,D;nonaraBllleiieSI BeTpeqe eoQHaJJH-
eTaM-peBOJJI-OQHOHepaM (xax eoo6I.QHJ1 MM 0 HeHeHapCKOM
nHChMe). Mb1 JHaeM, qTo, oTnpaBJJSISieh BO <l>paHxcpypT,
A3ecp eoeTaBHJJ JaBeI.QaHHe. 3HaeM H To, qTo HMeHHO
noene BeTpeqn e EypQeBhIM OH eTaJJ npHHHMaTh MephI
npe,D;OCTOpOX<HOCTH, KOTOpbIX He npHHHMaJJ npeX<,D;e: 3H-
MOH 1912/ 13 ro,D;a OH Bee JaMeTaJJ eBOH CJJe.J:{bl, e3.J:{HJ1,
MeHSIJJ roeTHHHQhI H naenopTa. BoJMOX<HO, qTo newxono-
rnSI BeTpeqn e EypQeBbIM 6blna ropa3,n:o 6onee enoX<HOH.

' IIpenaHHble liypueBy JJJOJ:tH eiue no pa:106na'!eHH11 npeJ:tJJaranH eMy 6eJ

BCllKOro cyna DOKOH'IHTb c AJecjJOM.

280
Jlio.n:H, rrporne.n:ume rnxony cMepn1, HHor.n:a eoBepruaIOT
rroeTyrrKH HerroeTHJKHMhie. Kor.n:a reprnyHH 6hIJI apeCTO-
BaH, IlneBe 6e3 BCSIKOH Ha.n:o6HOeTH ITOSIBHJieSI B TlOpbMe:
Ha MrHOBeHHe BOIIIeJI B KaMepy, B3rJISIHYJJ Ha 3HaMeHHTO-
ro TeppopMeTa M BhIIIIeJI ... 3aqeM? ..
Bo <lJpaHx<lJypTcKoii noeJ,n:Ke A3e<lJa cKaJanMeh .n:se ero
OCHOBHhie qepTbI: MHeTMHKT oTqaSIHHOro HrpoKa M Herrpe-
0.ll:OJIHMaSI rroTpe6HoCTh B aKTepcTse. CBH.n:aHHe c Eyp-
ueBhIM 6bIJIO 0.ll:HMM M3 Tex oeTpbIX, JKryqMx Oll(yll(eHMH,
K KOTOpbIM BeSI JKM3Hb rrpHyqMJia A3e<lJa M KOTOpbIX OH
6hm JIMIIIeH B rroene,n:HHe TPH ro.n:a: xapToqHaSI Hrpa, .n:aJKe
oqeHh xpynHaSI, MX JaMeHMTh He Morna. CTaphiii MrpoK
rroqyBeTBOBaJI JKeJiaHMe BHOBb rrpMKOCHYTbCSI Ha MrHOBe-
HHe K HaBeer.n:a yrne.n:rneMy OT Hero MMpy. AKTep OITSITb
rrorrpo6oBaJI eBOM eHJihl, - HOBaSI pOJib COIIIJia oqeHb
He,n:ypHO.

XI.
Kapa Bee JKe rrpMrnna, rrpas.n:a, He enHIIIKOM JKeeT0KaS1.
A3e<lJa rrory6Hna BOiiHa. Bee ero eoeTOSIHMe 6hlno sno-
JKeHo B pyecxHe 6yMarn. C MHHYThI 06'bS1BJieHMS1 BOHHhI
OHH yTpaTMJIM I.(eHHOeTb B repMaHHH. IlOJIOJKeHMe CeMhM
HeiiMaiiepos eTano KpMTMqeeKMM. C ropS1 OHM OTKphIJIH
B EepJIMHe xopeeTHYIO MacTepcxyio. MyrnM M3roTOBJIS1Jia
xopceThI, AJecl> B3SIJI Ha ce6S1 pyxoso.n:eTBO KOMMepqeexoii
cTopoHoii .n:ena. OH oxa3aneS1 Ha .n:onJKHoii BbreoTe M
BeJI KOpceTHOe .n:eno TaK JKe rrpe.n:yeMOTpMTeJihHO, KaK
B esoe BpeMSI .n:ena TeppopHCTMqecKMe. 3.n:paBbIH CMbICJI
JaMeHSIJI reHMii A3e<lJy. Kor.n:a-To OH TOJIKOBO 06'bS1eHS1JI
qneHaM EoeBoii opraHH3aI.(HM, qTo «.n:MHaMMTHbie JKH-
neThI» HMKy.n:a He ro,n:SITCSI, TaK KaK MOJKHO y6HTb qe-
JIOBeKa, He B3pbIBaSICb c HMM BMeCTe Ha B03,n:yx. Terrepb
OH CTOJlb JKe TOJIKOBO yqHJI MyrnH, qTo KOpceTbl Ha.n:o
IBrOTOBJISITb MeJIKHX pa3Mepos, H60 «BOHHa, ITO-BM.ll:H-
MOMy, 3aTSIHeTCSI H .n:aMbl, CM.ll:SI Ha TOll(eii .n:MeTe, 6y.n:yT
rrpo.n:onJKaTb xy.n:eTh». B A3e<lJe naBoqHHK OTJIMqHo co-
BMell(aneS1 e y6Miiueii.
IlepBbIH ro.n: BOHHbl rrpornen ell(e epaBHMTeJihHO CHOC-
HO. Ho neTOM 1915 ro.n:a A3e<lJ 6hm HeOJKM,n:aHHO apecrn-
saH Ha ynHue areHTOM HeMeuxoii yronoBHoii rroJIHI.(MH.
IlpMqHHa apeeTa 6blna A3e<lJy HerrOHSITHa; He oqeHh rrOHSl-
THa OHa M HaM. no CJIOBa HMKOJiaeBeKoro, HeiiMaiiep B
281
KocpeifHe Ha <l>pH.IJ:pHXIIITpaeee HaTKHyJieB Ha KaKoro-TO
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284
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286
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rny6oKO y6e:>K,n:eHHblX peBOJIIOUHOHepOB A3e<l> HeMaJIO
BH,n:eJI Ha CBOeM BeKy. B CBOeM IlHCbMe K reH. repaCHMOBY
OH Ha3hIBaJI TeppopHCTOB Mep3aB.QaMH, IlO:>KaJiyH, .ll:OBO-
JlbHO «HCKpeHHO». Mo:>KHO c 6onhrnoii BepO}ITHOCTbIO cKa-
3aTb, 'ITO A3e<l> npH6JIH3HTeJibHO TaK :>Ke JII06HJI peBOJIIO-
UHOHepoB, Ha'iHHajJ C reprnyHH, KaK ,n:ej{TeJieH CTaporo
CTpO}l BO rnaBe c IlneBe·.

rnaBHOH CTpaCTblO A3e<l>a 6hIJia Hrpa - Hrpa BO Bcex

CMbICJiax CJIOBa. 3Ta CTpaCTb CO'ieTaJiaCb c IlOJIHbIM OT-
cyTCTBHeM KaKHX 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO 3a,n:ep:>KHBaIOIUHX Ha'iaJI,
KpoMe coo6pa:>KeHHH JIH'iHOH Bbrro,n:hl. CBoeo6pa3HajJ
npo<l>ecCH}l yKpenJijJJia cBoeo6pa3HYIO ncHxonorHIO. E,n:Ba
JIH A3e<l> 6brn «ca,n:H'ieCKH :>KeCTOK», HO, Bepoj{THO, eMy
HpaBHJiaCb CTHXHjJ, B KOTOpoii pOJib ero 6hIJia TaK BeJIHKa.
qpe3BbI'iaHHO HHTepecHoe coo6iueHHe Mbl Haxo,n:HM B
IlHCbMe ParneBa K 3yeBy OT 20 OKrn6pjJ 1910 ro,n:a.
«A3e<l>, - nHIIIeT PaTaeB, - pa6oTaJI He TOJihKO Ha
pyccKyIO peBOJIIO.QHIO, HO o6y'iaJI HHOCTpaHHbIX peBOJIIO-
UHOHepoB. B Ha'iaJie 1905 ro.n:a MHe npHIIIJIOCb HaTOJIK-
HYTbC}l Ha cepbe3HYIO orpaHH3aUHIO apMjJH-,n:pornaKHCTOB
H MaKe,n:OHCKHX peBOJIIOUHOHepoB, KOTOpbie, BCTYilHB B
COI03 c pyccKHMH TeppopHCTaMH, BO.ll:BOpjJJIH qepe3 qep-
HOe Mope, npeHMyiuecTBeHHO Ha KaBKa3, opy:>KHe u:
B3pbIB'iaThre BeiuecTBa. He ,n:oBOJihCTBYjJCb JIH'iHOH noe3,n:-
KOH B Eonrapu:IO H KoHcTaHTHHononb, jJ KOMaH,n:u:poBaJI
Ty,n:a A3e<l>a, KOTOpbIH, 03HaKOMHBIIIHCb ,n:eTaJibHO c op-

• 3y6aTOB paCCICa3h!BaeT, 'ITO A3e<I> <<TpllCCll OT llpOCTH H c HCHaBHCTbIO

rosopHJI o B. K. Ilnese».

287
raHH3aQHeH, coo6IQHJI MHe BeCbMa Ba)l(Hble H HHTepeCHbie
cBe.n:eHu:sr... BcKope nocJie orhe3.n:a A3e<Pa c EaJIKaHcKoro
noJiyocTpoBa, Ka)l(eTcsr 11 HJIH 12 HIOJisr 1906 ro.n:a, B KoH-
CTaHTHHonoJie, B npe.n:eJiax l1Jib)J;H3-KHOCKa, BO BpeMsr ce-
JISIMJIHKa. COBeprneHO 6hIJIO noxyrneHHe Ha )l(H3Hb HbIHe
HH3JIO)l(eHHoro cyJITaHa A6.n:yJI-raMu:.n:a u: HMeHHo TeM
cnoco6oM, KOTOpbIH A3e<P no)l(eJiaJI npo:MeHHTb nponrn
B. K. IlJieBe, T.e. nocpe.n:cTBOM aBTOMo6u:Jisr, Haqo:HeHHoro
)J;HHaMHTOM, Ha KOTOpOM npH6bIJIH Ha napa.n: .n:Ba 3HaMeHH-
TbIX HHOCTpaHQa. QqeBH,n:Ho, A3e<P u:cnoJIHSIJI cJiy)l(e6Hoe
nopyqeHu:e B CHJIY cBoero npHHQHna «.n:eJiy BpeMsr, noTexe
qac», npu:.n:yMaJI H npo.n:eJiaJI BMeCTe c apMSIHaMH IlOKyrne-
mre Ha cyJITaHa, a 3aTeM, no cBoeMy 06b1KHOBeHmo, yexaJI
6JiaronoJiyqHo JJ:OMOH». 51 nonbITaJICSI HaBeCTH cnpaBKH 06
3TOM .n:eJie y apMsrHCKHX noJIHTHqecxu:x .n:esrTeJieH. OHM
pernu:TeJibHO OTpHQaIOT yqacTue A3e<Pa B noxywemru: Ha
A6,n:yJI-raMn,n:a. Ho yqacTu:e MOrJio 6hITb xocBeHHbIM u
He3aMeTHbIM, - SI He CKa3aJI 6bI c yBepeHHOCTbIO, qTo
PaTaeB owu:6csr. Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, ero 3aMeqamre «.n:eJiy
BpeMsr, noTexe qac» CBH)J;eTeJibCTByeT 0 TOHKOM nOHHMaHHH
ncuxoJiornu A3e<Pa. ,l],Jisr .n:eJia Ha,n:o 6bIJIO y6u:BaTb pyccKux
MHHHCTpOB u peBOJIIOQHOHepoB. A MSI noTexu: He MernaJio
OTnpaBHTb Ha TOT CBeT" TypeQI<oro cyJITaHa c HeCKOJibKHMH
apMSIHaMH, TeM 6oJiee qTo npH CJiyqae H 3TO MOfJIO OKa3aTb-
CSI He6e3Bblf0.ll:HhIM. Ilo.n:o6HbIH no,n:BHr JJ:OJI)l(eH 6bIJI .n:a)l(e
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y.n:aJIOCb B )l(H3HH caMoe 6blCOKOe.

B pa3BHHqeHHOH .n:yrne A3e<Pa no Heo6xo,n:u:MocTH cyI.Qe-

CTBOBaJIH ,n:Ba MHpa: MHp COQHaJIHCTOB-peBOJIIOQHOHepoB
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,n:OJI)l(eH 6hm Bcer.n:a qyBcTBOBaTb ce6sr .n:oMa. Ero TpeHH-
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)l(H3HH OH no3BOJISIJI ce6e u: pocKOWb OTTeHKOB. Ha.n:o
npoqecTb ero nn:chMa B .n:enaprnMeHT: A3e<P roBopHT c
PaTaeBhIM He TaK, KaK c 3y6aTOBbIM, a c 3y6aTOBbIM
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OH .n:eJiaJI B Jiarepe peBOJIIOQHOHepoB. Bo <l>paHKcPYPTe OH
roBopu:JI EypQeBy, qTo npe3n:paJI CaBHHKOBa u: qpe3BhI-
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• CeJillMJIHK - TOplKCCTBCHHOC WCCTBHC cyJITaHa B MC'ICTb. - llpUM. peo.

288
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OH, KaK HeMHOrMe .z:i;pyrMe, 'IYBCTBOBaJI Bee Blf,[(bl pa3JIH'IH.SI
MeJK.ri;y .z:i;e.si:TeJI.SIMH peBOJIIOUHOHHOro narep.si:.
BeJIM'laihIIHH 3HaTOK JIIO,[(eH, MHMOXO,[(OM B3rJI.si:Hy-
BIIIHH Ha peBOJIIOUMOHepoB, CKa3an: «3To He 6bIJIM
CilJIOIIIHbie 3JIO,[(eH, KaK HX npe.ri;cTaBJI.SIJIH ce6e 0,[(HH, H He
6hlJIH CilJIOIIIHbie repoM, KaKHMH HX C'IMTaJIH .z:i;pyr11e, a
6hlJIH o6bIKHOBeHHhie JIIO,[(H, MeJK.ri;y KOTOpbIMH 6bIJIH, KaK
H Be3.ri;e, xopoIIIMe, M .z:i;ypHble, M cpe.ri;HMe JIIO.[(M. •• Te M3
3THX JIIO,[(eH, KOTOpbie 6bIJIH BbIIIIe cpe.ri;Hero ypoBH.SI,
6hlnH ropa3.z:i;o BhIIIIe ero M npe.n;cTaBJI.SIJIM M3 ce6.si: 06pa3eu
pe.n;KOH HpaBCTBeHHOH BbICOThI; Te JKe, KOTOpbie 6hlJIH
HMJKe cpe.n;Hero ypoBH.si:, 6hlJIM ropa3.n;o HH)l(e ero» (JI.
Toncrnif). Ilo CBOHCTBeHHOMY eMy YMY M yMeHMIO pa3-
6HpaThc.si: B n10.n;.si:x A3ecp npM CaBMHKOBe, HanpMMep, He
CTaJI 6hl H3 pMropM3Ma OTKa3hIBaTbC.SI Ha BOK3ane OT
ycnyr HOCHJihID:MKa. Ho B npMCYTCTBMM Toro JKe CaBMH-
KOBa B OTBeT Ha npe.n;JIO)l(eHMe A. roua B30pBaTh JJ:OM
,[(ypHoBo A3ecp npo'lyBCTBOBaHHO cKa3an: «.51 cornaceH
TOJihKO B 'FOM cnyqae, ecn11 .si: noif.n;y Bnepe.n;M... B TaKMx
.n:enax, B OTKpbITbIX Hana.ri;eHH.SIX Heo6xo.n;MMO, 'IT06bl py-
KOBOJJ:MTeJih IIIen Bnepe.n;M . .51 .n:onJKeH MJJ:TH». CaBMHKOB M
rou rop.si:qo yMon.si:nM ero no6epe'lh cBoIO .n;paroueHHYIO
JKM3Hh: «OpraHMJauM.si: He MO)l(eT )l(epTBOBaTh A3ecpoM» ...
A3ecp 3a.n;yManc.si:, noTOM OH cKa3an: «Hy, xopoIIIo» ...
IlOBTOp.SIIO, y 3TOro qenoBeKa 6blJIO 'IYBCTBO IOMOpa.
«11pOHH'leCKHH» 6bIJI qeJIOBeK - B TOM CMbICJie, KaKOH
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HOH KOHcpepeHUHH OH nonpoCMJI 0,[(HOro H3 ee BH,[(HbIX
yqacTHHKOB 3aHTH c HHM Ha IlO'ITY H B ero npMCYTCTBHH
c.n;aJI 'IMHOBHHKY TOJICThIH 3aKa3HOH naKeT. ToBapMm: A3e-
<Pa Y.llMBJI.si:Jic.si:, Ky.n;a 3TO M o 'leM 11BaH HMKOJiaeBH'I IIIJieT
TaKHe MMHHhie nMChMa? Pa3yMeeTc.si:, naKeT 3aKJIIO'laJI B
ce6e no.z:i;po6HblH OT'leT 0 KOHcpepeHUHH H IlOCbIJiaJIC.SI B
.n:enaprnMeHT noJIHUHH. E.n;Ba JIH 6hlJIO 6Jiaropa3yMHO
c.ri;aBaTh naKeT B npncyTCTBMM ToBapnm:a. CTOJih HeocTo-
poJKHbIH nocTynoK MOr Il03BOJIHTb ce6e JIHlllb 60JibllIOH
MaCTep, npHTOM IOMOpHCTM'leCKH HaCTpoeHHbIH. «,[(eJiy
BpeM.si:, noTexe 'lac». IlpHTOM r.n:e JKe KOH'laeTc.si: .n;eJio, r.n:e
Ha'IHHaeTc.si: noTexa?
Ilepe.n: cy.n;oM Ha.ri; EypueBhIM A3ecp HanMcaJI CaBMH-
KOBY .llJIHHHOe IlHCbMO, B KOTOpOM He3aMeTHO no.n;cKa3bl-
BaJI eMy JJ:JI.SI ero pe'IH Ha cy.n;e Bee JJ:OBO.llhl B CBOIO
3aID:MTy. Ilo TOHKOCTH ,[(HaJieKTHKH 3TO IlHCbMO c.n;eJiaJIO
6hl qecTh JIY'IIIIeMy a.n;BoI<aTy. Ha-'IHHaJiocb OHO cJioBaMH:
10-5317
289
«.[(oporoH MOH. CnacH6o Te6e 3a TBoe nHChMO. 0Ho
,nhIIIIHT TenJIOTOH H mo6oBhJO. CnacH6o, .noporoH MOH».
EcTh H TaKaH <Ppa3a: «TipoTHBHO Bee 3TO nHcaTh. Ho
BMeCTe c TeM MeH.ff H CMeX pa36HpaeT. Y:>K 60JihHO CMe-
IIIOH EypueB» ... QqeHb Mo:>KeT 6hITh, 'ITO A3e<Pa H B
caMoM ,neJie pa36HpaJI cMex, Kor.na oH ce6e npe,ncTaBJIHJI,
c KaKHM BOJIHeHHeM CaBHHKOB 6y,neT 'IHTaTh 3TO nHChMO.
HacTOHI.Uero BHyTpeHHero MHpa y A3e<Pa, 6h1Th MO:>KeT,
BOBCe H He 6hlJIO. nhIJIO 'ITO-TO ):{OBOJihHO 6ec<PopMeHHOe,
BKJIJO'laBrnee B ce6.H JIJ060Bh K pHcKy, JIJ060Bh K ,neHhraM,
JIJ060Bh K pOJIHM, B oco6eHHOCTH K pOJI.ffM TporaTeJihHhIM.
tJeJioBeK o'leHh xoporno ero 3HaBruHH roBopHJI MHe, 'ITO
A3ecp Bcer.na 6hm «cJia6 Ha cne3hI» • .51,nyMaJO, OH He TOJibKO
B OTHOllleHH.ffX c Myrnw, HO lf B CBOeH y:>KaCHOH ):{BOHHOH
)l(lf3Hlf llYBCTBOBaJI ce6.H nopOIO «e,nHHCTBeHHhIM 6e,nHhIM
3aH'IHKOM». Bee no 6hIJIO oKparneHo UHHH3MiOM, BnpolleM,
oqeHh JierKHM. MorJia 6hITh w MaHHH BeJIH'IHH, TO:>Ke o'leHh
JierKa.H. B TJOphMe OH 'IHTaJI IIITwpHepa • «E.nwHcTBeHHhIH w
ero ):{OCTO.ffHHe»: BepOHTHO, OH ce6e Ka3aJIC.ff e,nHHCTBeHHhIM
lf B lllTHpHepOBCKOM CMhICJie. Ilo-CBOeMy, OH «e,nHHCTBeH-
HhlM» w 6h111; oqeHh Tpy,nHo ce6e npe.ncTaBHTh 6onee
COBeprneHHhIH o6pa3eu MOpanhHOro H):{lf0TH3Ma npw HeMa-
JIOM :>KHTeiicKOM yMe, npw orpoMHOH BhI,nep:>KKe. HwKaKHe
COMHeHH.ff ero He TpeBO:>KlfJIH: OH H 6e3 6oph6hl o6peJI
npaBO CBOe.
roBOpHJilf MHe, 'ITO 3TOT qeJIOBeK - nepexo,nHa.ff CTY-
neHh K y,naBy- o'leHh 11106wn MY3hIKy, MY3hIKY Ka6aKoB w
Kacpe-KoHuepToB: cnyrnaJI 6y,nTo 6h1 c yMHJieHHeM w Bo-
cToproM. Mo:>KeT 6hITh, HeMHoro H ,nypeJI, KaK 3MeH OT
cpneiiThI?
3,nopoBhe A3ecpa c,naJio B ro,nhI BOHHhI w TJOpeMHOro
3aKJIJO'leHHH. Bepo.HTHO, Ha HeM oTpa3HJIOCh He,noe,naHwe
Tex JieT, BeCbMa cephe3HOe B repMaHHH. Y Hero pa3-
BHJiaCh 6one3Hh IlO'leK, OCJIO:>KHHBllla.HC.ff 6oJie3HblO cep.n-
ua. B anpeJie 1918 ro.na OH cJier B 6oJihHHUY (Kranken-
haus Westens). tJepe3 HeCKOJihKO ,nHeii, 24 anpeJIH B 4 qaca
nonony,nHH, A3ecp yMep.
BepHa.H HeMKa noxopoHHJia ero no BTopoMy pa3pH,ny
Ha BwJihMepc.nopcpcKOM Kna.n6mue. Ha,nnHcw Ha Mornne
HeT HHKaKOH BO H36e:>KaHHe HenpHHTHOCTeii («BOT pH,nOM
TO:>Ke pyccKHe Jie)l(aT»). EcTh TOJlbKO HOMep MeCTa: 446.
' Wrnpuep MaKc (1806-1856) - neMeUKHH «j>unoco«j>-MJJaJloreren&11ueu B
rnaeuoM CO'IHHeHHH «EJlHHCTBeHHblH H ero JlOCTOllHHe» npOBOJlHJI HJlCH IlOCJICJlO-
eaTeJJbHOro 3roue11TpH3Ma -llpuM. peiJ.

290
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p a3rpoM peBOJUOIJ;HH 1905 fO.[{a 6bIJI TSDKeJiblM y.[{apoM
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poBHO Huqero - noTepnenu KpyIIIeHue H ero TeopeTuqec-
KHe H.[{eH, 11 ero npaKT11qecx11e 3aMbICJibI.
B Tax11x cnyqaRx 06b1qHo BO BCeM M11pe npo11cxo.[{HT
Tax Ha3bIBaeMaR «nepeou;eHxa u;eHHOCTeii». TeM 6onee
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maRCR c nepeou;eHKll JII-O.[{eH) 6hIJia llCilOKOH BeKOB JII-0-
611MeHIIIllM 3aHRTlleM pyccKOH llHTeJIJIHfeHIJ;llll. 0.[{HaKO
60JibIIIeBHKH II B 3TOM cnyqae COCTaBHJill llCKJII-OqeHHe:
HeCMOTpR Ha CBOe )l(eCTOKOe nopa)l(eH11e, JleHllH KaK
6bIJI napTllHHbIM 6o)l(eCTBOM, TaK napTHHHbIM 6o)l(eCTBOM
II OCTaJICR.
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fOJIOBY 3aHRTbCR nepeCMOTpOM CBOeH .[{OKTpllHbI: ero .[{OK-
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• IlpaBneHHe napTHH (He.M.).

293
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npaBJISIJICSI K repuory HoprnM6epneH.n;cKoMy HJIH K rpa<l>y
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repuorHHb KJieMaHco ,n;aBHo oxapaKTep11JoBaJI B BechMa
Ja6aBHOH, HerrepeBo.n;HMOH <l>opMe: «C'est une duchesse
poire, comme ii existe une po ire «duchesse» •.
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pa III. MoTHBbI y pa3HbIX )l(epTBoBaTeneH: 6bIJIH, KOHe'IHO,
pa3Hbre. EoJihllIHHCTBO ,n;aBaJio rroToMy, 'ITO «KaK )l(e He
.n;aTb?». )J;aBaJI MaKCHM ropbKHH, - OH, BepO.SITHO, co-
'IYBCTBOBaJI, .n;a H 011eHh y)I( rnyMHO B TY nopy peSIJI Ha.n;
PocCHeH: «6ypeBeCTHHK, 11epHoH: MOJIHHH rro.n;o6HhIH». CaB-
Ba MopoJOB cy6cH,n;HpOBaJI 6onbrneBHKOB OTToro, 'ITO
eMy 11peJBb111aH:Ho orrponrnenH JII-O,[(H Boo6ru:e, a n1-0,n;H ero
Kpyra B oco6eHHocTH. H.r.MHxaH:noBCKHi1-rapHH TO)l(e
HX rro.n;.n;ep:>KHBaJI, H6o OH, MHJibIH Be'IHO 1-0HbIH TeMa
KapTarneB, HHKOMY He Mor OTKaJaTh, Kor.n;a 6hIJIH .n;eHhrH:
OH OTBaJIHJI 25 TbICSl'I 60JibllleBHKaM na COUHaJibHYI-0
peBOJII-OUHI-O, KaK 6pocan .n;eHbrH UbiraHKaM B CTpeJihHe
' «qTo repuorHH11 Tyna, no TaK llCe sepuo, KaK To, '!TO cymecTByeT rpywa
<<.tUOWec» (rjjp.). Hrpa cnos: duchesse poire - repuomu11 myna, poire «duches-
se» - rpywa «.wowec».
" B npoWJioM rony H. JI. fopeMbIKHH CKa:JaJI MHe: <<3TO uenypuo, '!TO
ycanb6bl xcryT. Hano DOTpenaTb neopllHCTBO. IlyCTb OHO nonyMaeT H nepeCTaBCT
pa6oTaTb e DOJ!b3Y peeoniouHH» ()lueeHHK A. C. Cyeopuea, 17 mou11 1907 r.).

294
Ha cqaCTbe HJUI capaTOBCKOMY caMopo.n;Ky Ha H3o6peTe-
HHe perpetuum mobile. «IllHpoK pyccKHH qeJloBeK, SI 6h1
cy3HJ1», - cKa3aJ1, KaJKeTCSI, .D:ocToeBCKHH .
.lJ:pyrne pyccKHe rrapTHH cyrnecrnoBaJlH rrpeHMyrnecT-
BeHHO Ha cpe.D;CTBa, KOTOpbie JKepTBOBaJlHCh rrpHMhIKaB-
IIIHMH K HHM 6oraThIMH JllO.D;bMH. y 60J1hIIIeBHKOB H
rroJiy6oJ1hIIIeBHKOB :no 6hIJ10 He B 06h1qae. Bo BCSIKOM
CJlyqae, 60J1hIIIeBHKH H 6J1H3KHe RM 3HaqHTeJ1hHhIX cyMM
co6paTb He MOrJlH, TaK KaK B rpoMa.D;HOM 60J1blIIHHCTBe
6hIJ1H qpe3Bh1qaifHo 6e.n;HhI. CaM J1eHHH JKHJ1 c ceMheii B
O.D;HOH HHIUeHCKH o6CTaBJ1eHHOH KOMHaTe. Tpou;KHH B CBO-
HX BOCilOMHHaHHSIX IOMOpHCTJlqecKH 011HChIBaJ1, KaK OH
O,lJ.HaJK,lJ.hl B Tiap1u1<e OTrrpaBHJlCSI B orrepy B 60THHKax,
ycTyrrneHHbIX eMy J1eHHHbIM.

II.
PoKaM60Jih 3HaJI TPH.ll.IJ;aTh TpH crroco6a .n;o6hIBaHHSI
,lJ.eHer. J1eHHH ,lJ.JISI o6orarneHHSI rrapTHH rrycTHJI B XO.LI.
TOJihKO TpH, HO 3aTO KaJK,lJ.hIH H3 HHX C,lJ.eJiaJI 6hl qeCTb
PoKaM6on10.
TiepBbIH crroco6 6hIJI CTapbIH, KJiaccHqecKHH, OCBSIIUeH-
HblH Tpa,lI.HIJ;HeH, KOTOpaSI qepe3 BeKa H,lJ.eT OT rrpe.n;rrpHHM-
qJIBbIX ci>HHHKHHSIH K KHSI3IO BHH.ll.HIIIrpeu;y H ero coyqacT-
HHKaM. Crroco6 3TOT 3aKn10qancS1 B rro.n;.n;enKe .n;eHer. Tiep-
BOHaqanhHO 6hIJia C,lJ.eJJaHa IlOilbITKa opraHH30BaTb neqa-
TaHHe ci>aJihlIIHBhIX accHrnau;HH B TieTep6ypre npH CO,lJ.eH-
CTBHH cnyJKaIUHX 3Kcrre.n;HIJ;HH H3roTOBJieHHSI rocy,lI.apcT-
BeHHhIX 6yMar. Ho B nocne,lJ.HIOIO MHHYTY cnyJKarnHe, c
KOTOpbIMH BeJIHCb rreperoBOpbI, OTKa3aJ1HCb OT ,lJ.eJia. Tor-
,lJ.a J1eHHH rrepeHec ero B EepJIHH H nopyqHJI, B BeJIHqaJi-
IIIeM OT Bcex ceKpeTe, «HHKHTH'IY» (KpaCHHy). 0.n;HaKO
Mar H BOJIIIIe6HHK 60JihIIIeBHCTCKOH napTHH, TaK H3YMH-
TeJibHO coqeTaBIIIHH IlOJIHOe .D;OBepHe J1eHHHa c IlOJIHbIM
,lJ.OBepHeM ci>HpMbl «CHMeHC», OKa3aJICSI Ha 3TOT pa3 He Ha
BhICOTe CBOeH perryTaIJ;HH. 11.JIH, BepHee, Ha BhICOTe CBOeH
perryTaIJ;HH oKa3anacb repMaHcKaSI rroJIHIJ;HSI. PacKphITOe
e10 ,lJ.eJio BhI3Bano B TY rropy HeMano IIIyMa. «CnpaIIIH-
BaeTcSI, KaK 6hITh c HHMH B O.ll.HOH rrapTHH? Boo6paJKaIO,
KaK B03MyrneHhl HeMIJ;hI», - c Hero,lJ.OBaHHeM IlHCaJI B
qacTHOM rrHChMe MapTOB. 1JJ1qepHH (B TY rropy erne 6onh-
IIIeBHK) 110Tpe6oBaJI Ha3HaqeHHSI rrapTHHHOH CJie,lJ.CTBeH-
HOH KOMHCCHH. J1eHHH OXOTHO cornaCHJICSI Ha CTpOJKaH-

295
 I1Iee paccne~0Bam1e ~ena, opraHH30BaHHoro no ero npR-
MOMY npe~nHCaHHIO. rnaBa napTHH HMeJI OCHOBaHHe pac-
cqHTbIBaTb, qTo KOHi.i.hi npeKpaCHO cnpRTaHbl B BO~y.
O~HaKo qHqepHH Hem1rn~aHHO npoRBHJI cnoco6HocTH
CJie~oBaTeJIR. 3apyqHBIIIHCh cepHeH cpoTorpac}mif CBOHX
TOBapm.u.eif no napTHH, OH npe~cTaBHJI HX TOMY HeMu.y,
KOTOpOMY 6hIJia 3aKa3aHa 6yMara c BO~RHhIMH 3HaKaMH,
ro~HaR ~JIR noMeJIKH accHrHaU.HH. «IlpH npe~'hRBJieHHH
cpa6pHKaHTY KapToqKH JI. B. KpacHHa OH npH3HaJI B HeM
TO JIHU.O, KOTOpoe 3aKa3aJIO eMy 6yMary c BO~RHhIMH
3HaKaMH ... Kor~a paccne~oBaHHe qHqepHHa ~o6panocb
~o 3THX «~eTaJieH», JleHHH BCTpeneHyJICR H npoBeJI B U:K
nocTaHOBJieHHe o nepe~aqe paccne~oBaHHR 3arpam1qu0My
610po U:K, B KOTOpOM ~06h1Tble qHqepHHhIM MaTepHaJihI,
pa3yMeeTCR, 6eccne~Ho norH6JIH» •.
BTopoif cnoco6, H3o6peTeHHhIH JleHHHhIM ~JIR nonon-
uenHR napTHHHOH KaCChl, 6bIJI ropa3~0 MeHee 6aHaJieH.
CKa)l(y o ueM JIHIIIh BeChMa KpaTKo: JleHHH nopyqHJI
CBOHM TOBapm.u.aM no napTHH )l(eHHTbCR Ha ~BYX yKa3aH-
HhIX HM 6oraThIX ~aMax H nepe~aTh 3aTeM npH~auoe B
6oJibllleBHCTCKYIO Kacey. ,[(eJIO 6J>IJIO c~eJiaHO apTHCTHqec-
KH: o6a 60JibIIIeBHKa 6narononyquo )l(eHHJIHCh, HO 3aMHH-
Ka BhIIIIJia nocne CBa~b6h1: O~HH H3 cqacTJIHBbIX My)l(eH
cqen 6onee y~o6HhIM ~eHhrn ocrnBHTh 3a co6010. 3a6aB-
HO TO, qTo no ~eJiy 3TOMY COCTORJICR cy~ qeCTH, -
paccKa3 0 HeM SI CJibIIIIaJI OT O~Horo H3 cy~eii, He 60Jih-
I1IeBHKa, qenoBeKa BeChMa H3BecTuoro H 6e3ynpequoro.
BnpoqeM, He3aBHCHMO OT cy~a JleHHH ~oBOJihHO He~Byc­
Mh1cneuuo rpo3HJI B cnyqae uenonyqeHHR ~euer no~o­
cnaTh y6wiiu. Kue onpaB~aBilleMy ero ~oBepHR TOBapm.u.y.
06 3TOM rnyxoe yKa3aHHe (BnOJIHe COBna~alOI_I.J.ee co CJibl-
IllaHHhIM MUOIO paccKa30M) eCTb B H3~aHHbIX He TaK
~aBuo nHChMax MapToBa··. KpaTKoe, 3aTo BeCbMa )l(HBO-
nHcHoe ynoMHHaHHe 060 Been 3TOH HCTOpHH coxpaHHJIOCh
H B paccKa3e caMoro JleHHHa. B. BoiiTHHCKHH B cBoHx
BOCnOMHHaHHRX nHilleT: «PO)l(KOB nepe~aBaJI MHe, qTo
O~Ha)l(~bl OH o6paTHJI BHHMaHHe JleHHHa Ha no~BHrH
O~Horo MOCKOBCKOro 6oJihIIIeBHKa, KOTOporo xapaKTepH-
30BaJI KaK npO)l()l(eHHOro Hero~RR. JleHHH OTBeTHJI co
cMexoM:
' M. TaHHCTBeHHb!li ueJHaKoMeu, «CoUHaJJHCTH'lecKHli BeCTHHK» (N2 16,
1922 r.) - HacKOJJbKO MHe HJBeCTHO, JaMeTKa 3Ta, no.11nHcaunall 6yKBoli M,
npHHa.llJ!elKHT MapToey, KOTopblii xopowo JHaJJ JaKyJJHCHbie .11ena 6oJJbWCBHKOB.
.. «. 3TOT BHKTOP DO.II UOKpOBHTeJJbCTBOM lior.11auoea H JleHHHa waHTalKOM
BbIMOraJI ,lleHbrH B UOJlbJY 60JlbWeBHKOB, npH'ICM onepupOBaJJ yrpoJoli Bb!UHCaTb
«KaBKaJCKHX 6oeBHKOB» (DHCbMO AKCCJ1bpo.11y OT 3 CCHTll6pll 1908 r.)

296
 - TeM-TO OH H xoporn, 'ITO HH nepe.n: 'leM He OCTaHO-
BHTCR. BOT Bbl CKa)l(HTe npRMO, MOfJIH 6bI Ja ,n:eHhfH
noiiTH Ha co,n:ep)l(aHHe K 6oraToii KyntJHxe? HeT? 11 R He
nornen 6h1, He Mor 6h1 ce6R nepecHJIHTh. A BHKTop no-
rnen. 3TO 'leJIOBeK HeJaMeHHMbIR» •.
B peJyJihTaTe cy.n:a JleHHH nony'IHJI HeMaJiyIO cyMMY
,n:eHer. Ho MaTpHMOHHaJihHhIH cnoco6 nononHeHHR Kaccb1
6bIJI, paJyMeeTCR, JIHllib BCnOMOraTeJihHbIM. rnaBHOe.
CBOe BHHMaHHe BO)l(.ZJ:b 60JihllieBHKOB nocJie npoBaJia nep-
BOH peBOJIIOQHH ycTpeMHJI Ha To, 'ITO Tor.n:a HrpHBO
HaJbIBaJIOCb «3KCaMH» HJIH «3KCaQHRMH» (B 6porn10pax
Toro BpeMeHH qacTo ynoTpe6nReTCR H rnaron «3KCHpo-
BaTh»). B 3TOH o6nacTH 6JIH)l(aHrnHM coTpy,n:HHKOM H
npaBOH pyKoH JleHHHa crnn y)l(e B TY nopy BeCbMa HJBecT-
HhIH KaBKaJCKHH 6oeBHK, no peBOJIIOQHOHHOH KJIH'IKe
«Ko6a», OH )Ke «.[J;aBH.ZJ:», OH )Ke «HH)l(epa,n:Je», OH )Ke
«qH)l(HKOB», OH )Ke «11BaHOBH'I», OH )Ke HhIHellIHHH BCeMO-
ry:mHH pyccKHH ,n:HKTaTop Hocmp BHccapHOHOBH'I Crn-
JIHH-,[J;)l(yrarnBHJIH.

III.
MHe Kpai1:He Tpy,n:Ho «06'heKTHBHO» nHcaTh o 6onh-
rneBHKax. CKa)l(y, o,n:HaKo, TYT )Ke: 3TO 'leJioBeK Bh1,n:a-
10:mHHCR, 6eccnopHO caMbIH BbI.ZJ:aIO:mHHCR BO BCeH JieHHH-
CKOH rnap,n:HH. CTaJIHH JaJIHT KpOBhIO TaK rycTo, KaK
HHKTO ,n:pyroli HJ HhIHe )l(HBy:mHx JIIO,n:eli, Ja HCKJIIO'leHHeM
TponKoro H 3HHOBheBa. Ho CBOHCTB pe,n:Koli CHJihI BOJIH H
6eccTpaIIIHR, no COBeCTH, OTpHQaTb B HeM He Mory. ,[J;JIR
CTaJIHHa He TOJihKO qy)l(aR )l(HJHh KoneliKa, HO H ero
co6CTBeHHaR, - 3THM OH peJKO OTJIH'laeTCR OT MHOrHX
,n:pyrnx 6oJihllieBHKOB.
KaK 6onhrnHHCTBO coBpeMeHHhIX .D:HKTaTopoB, OH
Bhirnen HJ «HHJOB». MycTacpa-KeMaJih po,n:HJIC.SI B O'leHh
6e,n:Hoii ceMhe. CrnM6onHHCKHH Bb1poc B HJ6e nacTyxa.
0TeQ Mycconmm 6bm KYJHeQOM. MaTh 3HBepa MbIJia
TpynhI B MepTBeQKOH. TanaaT nonan B BeJIHKHe BHJHPH HJ
notJTaJihOHOB. 11ocHcp CTaJIHH ChIH THcpnuccKoro cano)l(-
HHKa. MHorue C'IHTaIOT ero oceTHHOM. 3To HeBepHo - OH
KOpeHHOH rpyJHH.

' Bn. BoiiTHHCKHii. ro.llbl no6e.ll. H nopalKeHHii, T. II, CTp. 103. - 3TO 3a-
Me'faHHe JleHHHa, KOHC'IHO, OTHOCHTCll HMeHl~O K yica3aHHOMY MHOIO CJJY'falO.

297
 JlIO,n;H, Kor.n:a-TO K HeMy 6JIH3KHe, roBOpHJIH MHe, 'ITO
OH npomeJI B IOHOCTH OtfeHh cyposy10 lllKOJIY 6e,n;HOCTH H
m1meHHH, 'ITO OH Bblpoc cpe.LJ.H TH<l>JIHCCKHX «KHHTO», OT
KOTOpbIX npHo6pen CBOHCTBa rpy6oCTH H U:HHH'IHOro OCT-
poyMH51. IlOJIHTHtfeCKa51 6Horpa<PH51 ,[()l(yramBHJIH HatfH-
HaeTC51 c TH<l>JIHCCKOH ceMHHapHH; B Hee OT)];aJI ero OTen;,
roTOBHBlllHH chrna K .n;yxoBHOMY 3BaHHIO. CTaJIHH - CB51-
meHHHK!.. 113 ceMHHapHH OH 6hlJI HCKJIIO'leH 3a He6naro-
Ha,n;e)l(HOCTb ,n;eB51THa,n;n;aTH JieT OT po.n;y. B TOM )l(e (1898)
ro.n;y OH BcTynHJI B PoccHHCKYIO cou;.-,n;eM. napTHIO H 6hlJI
IlOCJie.n;oBaTeJihHO 'IJieHOM TH<l>JIHCCKOro, 6aTyMCKOro, 6a-
KHHCKoro KOMHTeTOB, pe.n;aKTHpOBaJI pa3Hhle napTHHHhie
H3)];aHH51 («EOph6a npoJieTapHaTa», «,[(po», «EaKHHCKHH
pa6otIHH»), HanHcaJI HecKOJihKO MapKcHCTCKHX KHH)l(eK. K
60JibllleBHCTCKOH <PpaKU:HH OH npHMKHYJI c caMoro MOMe-
HTa paCKOJia B cpe.n:e con;HaJI-)];eMOKpaTOB H OtfeHb CKOpO
CTaJI npH3HaHHbIM rJiaBOH HeMHOrO'IHCJieHHbIX KaBKa3C-
KHX 6oJibllleBHKOB. llleCTb pa3 ero apeCTOBhIBaJIH H meCTb
pa3 OTnpaBJI51JIH B CCbIJIKY Ha noceJieHHe: B BoCTO'IHYIO
CH6Hpb (1903 r.), B CoJihBhitiero,n;cK (1908 r.), cHoBa B
CoJihBhitfero.n;cK (1908 r.), B BoJior.n:y (1911 r.), B HaphIM-
CKHH Kpau (1912r.) H B TypyxaHCKHH Kpail (1913r.). 113
BCex 3THX MeCT (3a HCKJIIO'leHHeM nocJie,n;Hero) OH 6e)l(aJI,
He 3aCH)l(HBa51ch .n;onro, qame scero qepe3 MecHn;-.n;pyrou
no BO,n;BopeHHH Ha )l(HTeJibCTBO. )KH3Hh CTaJIHHa noHCTH-
He MO)l(eT CJIY)l(HTb ypoKOM CMHpeHH51 )];JI51 .n;e51TeJieH .n:ena-
pTaMeHTa nOJIHU:HH. Xopoma 6bIJia CCbIJIKa, H3 KOTOpOH
tieJioBeK Mor 6e)l(aTb nHTh pa3. He.n;ypHo 6bIJIO H TO, 'ITO
CTaJIHHa MHpHo OTnpaBJI51JIH B CChIJ1Ky. B BHHY eMy .n:ena-
pTaMeHT nOJIHU:HH BMeH51JI KaKyIO-TO «MaeBKy», ycTpOH-
CTBO ynH'IHhIX ,n;eMoHcTpan;Hil, HeneraJibHhie H3,n;aHH51, py-
KOBo.n;cTBO 3KOHOMH'leCKOH 3a6acTOBKOH Ha 6aTyMCKHX
npe.n:npH51TH51X PoTmHJih,n;oB, 'ITO-TO eme B TaKOM )l(e
po.n;e. 3TH T51)1(KHe npecTynJieHH51 )];OJl)l(Hbl 6hlJIH Bbl3hI-
BaTb ycMelllKY y JIIO.n;eil, 3HaBlllHX HaCT051W:YIO pa6oTy
CTaJIHHa.
OH 6hIJI sepxoBHhIM BO)l()];eM TaK Ha3brnaeMbIX 6oeBH-
KOB 3aKaBKa3h51. .$! He 3HaIO, H, Ka)l(eTC51, HHKTO, KpOMe
caMoro CTaJIHHa, He 3HaeT TO'IHO, CKOJihKO HMeHHO «3K-
coB» 6bmo opramnosaHo no ero npe.n;HatiepTaHH51M. Bhl-
cmHM napTHHHhlM )];OCTH)l(eHHeM B 3TOH o6JiaCTH 6blJia
naM51THa51 3KcnponpHaU:H51 B TH<l>JIHce, o6ecnetIHBilla51 60-
JihilleBHCTCKOH napnm HeCKOJlbKO JieT noJie3HOH pa60Tbl.
13 HIOH51 1907 ro.n:a B 10 c nOJIOBHHOH tiaCOB yTpa
KaCCHp TH<l>JIHCCKoro OT)];eJieHH51 rocy.n:apCTBeHHOro 6aHKa

298
 Kyp,llJOMOB H cqeTOBO.!J; roJIOBHR noJiyqHJIH Ha noqTe
npHCJiaHHYIO OT.ZJ;eJieHHIO H3 CTOJIHU,bl 6oJibllIYIO cyMMY
.neHer. H noBe3JIH ee B 6aHK B <l>a3TOHe, 3a KOTOpbIM
CJie.ZJ;oBaJI .npyroii <Pa3TOH c .ZJ;BYMR Boopy)l(eHHbIMH CTpeJI-
KaMH. 06a 3KHila)l(a 6bIJIH OKpy)l(eHbl Ka3aqbHM KOHBOeM.
B u,eHTpe ropo.na, B6JIH3H .ZJ;Bopu,a HaMeCTHHKa, Kor.na
nepe.ZJ;HHe Ka3aKH KOHBOR CBepHyJIH c 3pHBaHCKOH nJIOIU:a-
.!J;H Ha CoJioJiaKcKyio yJinu,y, c KpbillIH .noMa KHR3R CyM-
6aToBa B noe3.ZJ; 6bIJI 6pollleH CHapR.ZJ; CTpallIHOH CHJibI, OT
pa3pbIBa KOTOporo pa3JieTeJIHCb B.ZJ;pe6e3rH CTeKJia OKOH
Ha BepcTy B OKpyre. floqTH O.!J;HOBpeMeHHO B KOHBOH c
TpOTyapoB noJieTeJIO eme HeCKOJibKO 6oM6 H KaKHe-TO
npoxo)l(He OTKpbIJIH no HeMy naJih6y H3 peBOJibBepoB. Ha
JIIO.!J;HOH nJIOII.l,a.ZJ;H HaqaJIOCb CMRTeHHe, nepellle.ZJ;lllee B
oTqaRHHYIO naHHKy. qTO npOH30llIJIO c .neHbraMH, HHKTO
H3 oqeBH.ZJ;U,eB TOJIKOM CJie.ZJ;CTBHIO o6'bRCHHTb He Mor.
Kaccnp H cqeTOBO.ZJ; 6bIJIH Bb16pollleHbI H3 <l>a3TOHa nep-
BbIM )l(e CHapR.ZJ;OM. Jlollla.ZJ;H 6ellleHO noHeCJIH yu,eJieBllIHH
qy.noM <l>a3TOH. Ha .npyroM KOHu,e nJioma.nn BbICOKHii
«npOXO)l(HH» pHHYJICR Hanepepe3 K MqaBllIHMCR JIOllla.ZJ;RM
H llIBbipHyJI HM no.n Horn 6oM6y. Pa3.ZJ;aJICR HOBbIH orny-
llIHTeJibHbIH B3pbIB, H Bee ncqe3JI0 B o6JiaKe .ZJ;bIMa. O.n1rn
H3 CBH.ZJ;eTeJieii BH.ZJ;eJI, O.ZJ;HaKO, qTo qeJIOBeK B o<l>nu.epcKOM
MYH.ZJ;Hpe, npoe3)1(aBllIHH Ha pbICaKe no nJIOII.l,a.ZJ;H, COCKO-
ql{JI c npoJieTKH, 6pOCHJICR K pa36HTOMY .!J;blMRII.l,eMycR
<Pa3TOHy, CXBaTHJI B HeM qTO-TO H yMqaJICR, naJIR Hay.naqy
H3 peBOJibBepa no CTOpOHaM.
B 3TOM 3HaMeHHTeiillleM H3 «3KCOB» 6b1JI0 y6HTO H
paHeHO OKOJIO 50 qeJIOBeK. JJ:eHbrH Haii.neHbl He 6bIJIH,
nOJIHI.l,HR HHKOro He CXBaTHJia, H CJie.ZJ;CTBHe HHqero He
BbIRCHHJIO. Tenepb MbI 3HaeM, qTo Tlll,aTeJibHaR cJie)l(Ka 3a
.neHbraMH BeJiacb 6oJibllleBHKaMH eme H3 CTOJIHI.l,bI. B
Tn<PJiwce OKOJIO noqTbI 3a KaccnpoM cJie.ZJ;HJIH ){Be )l(eH-
lll.HHbI (Tiau,HR raJI.ZJ;aBa H AHHeTa CyJiaKBeJIH.ZJ;3e), KOTO-
pbie H no.naJIH ycJIOBHbIH CHrHaJI OTpR.ZJ;Y 3KCnponpHaTO-
pOB, .!J;O)l(H.!J;aBllleMycR B pecTopaHe «THJIHnyqypm>. qeJio-
BeK, nepeo.neTbIH o<Pwu.epoM, 6bIJI H3BeCTHblH TieTpOCRH,
yqeHHK H noMOII.l,HHK CTaJIHHa, npo3BaHHbIH HM KaMo ••.
OH ynpRTaJI .neHhrH B TaKoe MeCTO, KOTopoe e.nBa JIH Mor-

• CoBpeMCHHLJe 60JibWCBHCTCKHe HCTO'IHHKH H YCTHall Tpa.!IHUHll roBOpllT 0

250 TLIC. py6Jieii. Ho PYCCKHe ra3CTLI Toro BpeMeHH («Hosoe BpeMll», 14 HIOHll
1907 r.) Ha3LIBalOT H Jipyryio UHlj>py - 341 TLIC. 3TO Te caMLJe 500-py6JieBLJe
accHrH3UHH IlOJl JIHTepoii AM, HOM. 62900 H CJICJI., npH pa3MCHC '13CTH KOTOpLIX
6LIJI apeCTOBaH B IlapmKe «nanawa» (JIHTBHHOB).
.. IleTpOCllH, DJIOXO roBOpHBWHii no-pyccKH, cnpaWHBaJI, noJiy'lall nopy'ICHHll
OT CTaJIHHa: «KaMo OTBC3TH? KaMo cKa3aTb?» ...

299
JIO Bbl3BaTb TIOA03pemrn eaMOH Jiyqrueii B MHpe TIOJIHQlrn:
KpeAHTHble 6uJieTbl 6hIJIH 3aAeJiaHbl B AHBaH 3aBeAyIO~e­
ro KaBKa3eKoif o6eepBaTopueH! qeM He PoKaM60Jib?
PoJih CTamrna B nul>JineeKoif 3KenponpuaQHH AO eux
nop B TIOAp06HOeTSIX He BhrneHeHa. no OAHOH Bepeuu,
HMeHHO OH 6poeHJI B noe3A nepBblH eHapHA. Ho 3TO eABa
JIH BepHo: CTaJIHH 3aHHMaJI y:>Ke TOrAa eJIHIIlKOM BhieoKoe
TIOJIO:>KeHHe B napTHH AJIH Toro, qT06bI HeIIOJIHHTb pOJib
psrAOBoro TeppopueTa. Tio-BHAHMoMy, eMy npuHaAJie:>Ka-
JIO Bbleruee pyKOBOAeTBO AeJIOM. EoM6hI :>Ke AJIH 3Kerrporr-
pual\HH 6hIJIH npueJiaHbl H3 <l>HHJIHHAHH eaMHM JleHH-
HblM·. JleHHHY AJIH HY:>KA napTHH u 6hIJIH n03AHee oT-
Be3eHbI noxu~eHHbie AeHbrH. Hu CTaJIHH, HH KaMo, B
OTJinque OT MHorux Apyrux 3KenponpuaTopoB, He noJih30-
BaJineh «3KeaMn» AJIH JIHqHoro o6ora~eHHH.
qTO H rOBOpHTb, Mbl, eBporreHQbI, 3a noeJieAHHe eTO-
JieTHH HeeKOJibKO OTBblKJIH OT roeyAapeTBeHHblX AeHTeJieH
3Toro poAa. 0AHaKo BeAb 6bIJIH BpeMeHa, KOrAa B EBpone
BJiaeTb noqTu BeerAa rrpHHaAJie:>KaJia TaKHM JIIOAHM, KaK
OHa npHHaAJie:>KHT HM H Terrepb Ha orpOMHblX BHeeBpO-
neifeKHX TeppuTopusrx. B HaeT05l~ee BpeM51 B Poeeuu K
npaBHTeJIHM npeAbHBJIHIOTeH BeebMa TIOHH:>KeHHbie Tpe6o-
BaHH51 B OTHorneHHH «easier judiciaire»... 3To, pa3yMeeT-
esr, He BeerAa TaK 6yAeT. Ho 51 6010eb, qTo 3TO TaK 6yAeT
e~e AOBOJibHO AOJiro.

IV.
B TY nopy KaBKa3oM noJIHOBJiaeTHO ynpaBJIHJI npeeTa-
peJibIH rpa<l> MJIJI. MB. BopoHQOB-,[J;arnKoB. «HoBoe Bpe-
M51», KOTOpoe BeJIO qpe3Bb1qaifHO pe3KYIO KaMnaHHIO npo-
THB HaMeeTHHKa, o6BHHHJIO ero B JIH6epaJIH3Me H B TaH-
HblX euMnaTH5IX K napTHH HapOAHOH CBo60Abl. rpa<l> Bo-
pOHL\OB-,ll;arnKOB, KaK noqTu Bee IIOJIHTHqeeKHe Ae51TeJIH,
noJiyquBrnue BoenuTaHue B QapeTBOBaHue HuKoJiasr I,
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' C Me.Qse.Qesa-Tep-IleTpoc1m s csoeii 6powwpe ,<repoii PesonwQHH» («Mc-

Tanapn», 1925 r.) OHWeT: «IlO,ll BH.QOM ocjmuepa KaMO C'be3,llHJI B <l>HHJillH)lHIO,
6b1Jl y Jieuuua H c Opyil(HeM H B3pLIB'laTLJMH BeIUecTBaMH sepuyJICll B TucjlJIHC»
(crp. 31). 0 ponn CTannua s 3TOM )lCJie nucan s csoe speMll «Cou. BecTHHK». -
CM. 06 «3Kcax» TaKl!ce crapLie 6powwpb1 JI. MapTosa «CnacnTeJIH HJIH ynpa3.QHH-
TeJIH» (1911 r.) H JI KaMeuesa «.ll;se naprnn» (1911 r.). JleHHH ue pa3 BLicrynan
ne'laTHO c npHHQHDHaJibHOH 3aIUHTOH 3KcnponpnaQHH .
.. «IOpH)lH'lecKHe CBe)lCHHll 0 npOWJIOM» (ifip.).

300
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KOTOphIX 3TO 6L1no B03MO)l(HO B ero rrono)l(emm. MeHh-
llIHKOB HpOHH'IeCKH Ha3bIBaJI HaMeCTHHKa «CBepxrpaH-
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CTBO BopOHQOBa-,ll;allIKOBa CKa3hIBaJIOCb c oco6eHHOH CH-
JIOH B TOM, 'ITO eMy HH OT KOrO HH'lero He 6hIJIO (;::i:a H He
Morno 6hITh) HY)l(HO. OH 6bIJI KaBanepoM AH;::i:pe.s1 nepBo-
3BaHHoro, OTKa3aJIC.SI OT KH.Sl)l(eCKoro THTyJia, KOTOpbIH
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):{OJI)l(HOCTb HaMeCTHHKa, co BCeMH ee QapCKHMH rrpepora-
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QOB-,ll;allIKOB Mor IIOTpaTHTbC.SI ):{JI.SI rocTeii Ha I.QH, - ero
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IIlyBaJIOBhIX, BopoHQOBhix-,ll;amKoBhIX H KH.SI3eii BopoH-
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BopoHQOB-,ll;amKoB IIOJih30Banc.s1 orpoMHOH rrorryn.s1pHo-
CThJO, B OC06eHHOCTH y apM.SIHCKOrO HaCeJieHH.SI. rpy3H-
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penyTaQH.SI 3Ta He OTBetfaJia HCTHHe: BopoHQOB-,[(amKOB
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npHe3;::i:oM HHKOJia.SI II B Tml>JIHC BopoHQOB-,ll;amKOB B3.SIJI
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3HaTb 6aHaJihHhIM. BopoHQOB-,[(amKOB rrocJie Qapey6Hii-
CTBa 1 MapTa HMeJI B TetfeHHe HeKOTOporo BpeMeHH TeC-
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):{Hee, B ):{OJl)l(HOCTH MHHHCTpa ):{BOpa, OH 6bIJI 6JIH3KHM

301
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pHe K noJIHQHH. B nopy KpoBaBoro TaTapo-apMSIHCKoro
CTOJIKHOBeHHSI OH nopy11HJI no.u.uepJKaHHe nopSl,UKa
TpeTbeH, HeihpaJihHOH, HaQHOHaJihHOCTH - rpy3HIJaM -
H nepe.uan 3Ha'IHTeJihHOe KOJIH'leCTBO opyJKHSI BOJK,USIM
rpy3HHCKOH COQHaJI-,UeMOKpaTHH. 3To TOJKe 6hIJIO .uo-
BOJibHO CBoeo6pa3HO. EcTb HeKOTOpbie OCHOBaHHSI npe.u-
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HHK He rpernHJI CHMnaTHSIMH K COQHaJIH3My, HO B MeHb-
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BeHHbIX Kpyrax IleTep6ypra. B 11acTHOCTH, He BhIHOCHJI
«TH!f>JIHCCKOro cyJITaHa» n. A. CTOJibinHH, KOTOpbIH MO-
.uepHH3Ma TepneTb He Mor, TBep.uo BepHJI B oxpaHHoe
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rroJIHTHKY KYJihTYPHhIX H rrpocBemeHHhIX npoKOHcynoB -
HO npOKOHCYJIOB BpeMeH yna.n:Ka pHMCKOro rocy.uapCTBa.
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CTapaJICSI IlO.UCOBbIBaTb MM TaKHe BOIIpOCbl, H3-3a KOTO-
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302
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MHHHeTpaTHBHOM rrepe.n:ene yeJJJ:OB HJIH 0 rroeTpOHKe
THcpJIHeeKoro fIOJIHTeXHHKyMa - 0 TOM, r.n:e eMy 6bITb,
B rpyJHHeKoif JIH qaeTH ropo.n:a BepH HJIH B apMsi:HeKoii
ABna6apb. BoJMO)l(HO, 'ITO raMJieToBeKHe HaeTpoeHHH
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MJieT e TpeMSI reoprHeBeKHMH KpeeTaMH HHeKOJibKO He
eTpa.n:an H 6eJBOJIHeM. B BopoHu,oBe-,[I;arnKoBe 6hIJia
MeJJ:JIHTeJihHOeTb n106HMbIX repoeB ToneToro e HeKoTo-
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JJ:H HMrrepaTopeKoii PoccHH, BopoHU,OB-,[I;arnKoB 6bIJI, rro-
BH.D:HMoMy, B rny6HHe .n;yrnH y6e)l(,[{eH, 'ITO Bee eTpOHTeSI
Ha neeKe H Bee rroii,n;eT rrpaxoM. C KaJHHMH H 6e3 KaJHeii
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B 1915 ro.n;y u,apb eo6erneHHopy11HbIM rrHebMOM rrpoeHJI
ero oeBo6o,n;HTh ,n;OJI)l(HOeTb .n;nsi: Ben. KH. HHKonasi: HH-
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llIKOB roBopHn HHKOJiaIO II, 'ITO .n;eno y)l(e H,n;eT He
o .D:OJI)l(HOeTH HaMeeTHHKa H .n;a)l(e He o KaBKaJe, a
o enaeeHHH pyeeKoro roey.n;aperna. C rronHOH roTOB-
HOeTbIO rro.n;aBaSI B OTeTaBKy, OH Ha rrpomaHHe eoBeTOBaJI
u.apIO BBeeTH KOHeTHTYU.HOHHbIH o6pa3 rrpaBJieHHSI H ,n;aTb
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v.
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HMena. :SonhrneBHKH rroTeprrenH Ha KaBKa3e rronHoe rro-
pa)l(eHHe. y Tpex rnaBHbIX HaU,HOHaJibHOeTeH Kpasi: yeTa-
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IIOJIHTH'leeKaSI MOHOITOJIHSI MeHbllleBHKOB B rpy3HH, B Ka-
qeeTBe «IIOJIHTH'leeKOH Ha,n;eTpOHKH» Ha.n; ee «3KOHOMH'lee-
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• IlHCbMO 3TO ell{e He ony6JIHKOBaHO.

303
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rrpoueHT COUHaJI-,n;eMOKpaTOB HeH3MepHMO BbIIIIe, qeM B
repMaHHH. Ha KaBKa3e eCTb MapKCHCTbl He TOJibKO B
KYJibTYPHbIX ueHTpax rpy3HH HJIH A3ep6a~)l(aHa, HOH B
rnyxHx ropHbIX aynax. y HeKOTOpbIX H3 3THX «COUHaJI-
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11 r,n;e Haq11HaeTc.S1 lliaMHJib. Ho ,n;a)l(e 113 HHX no rryTH,
yKa3aHHOMY JleHHHbIM, IIOIIIJIO JIHlllb HH11TO)l(HOe MeHb-
IIIHHCTBO.
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6panc.SI B EepJIHH, r,n;e JaH.SIJIC.SI HOBbIM rroneJHbIM ,n;enoM:
OH peIIIHJI .SIBHTbC.SI K 6aHKHpy MeH,n;enbcoHy c TeM, qTo6bl
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,D;OJI)l(eH 6bIJI Bcer,n;a HMeTb npH ce6e HeCKOJibKO MHJIJIH-
OHOB. O~aKo repMaHcKa.SI TaiiHa.SI noJIHUH.SI JaHHTepeco-
Banach KaBKa3CKHM rocTeM c caMoro ero np11e3,n;a B CTO-
JIHUY. y Hero 6bIJI npOH3Be,n;eH o6bICK, npH KOTOpOM
HaIIIJIH 'ieMo.n;aH c 6oM6aMH. Ilo coBeTy KpacHHa, rrepe-
CJiaBIIIero eMy B nopbMY JanHcKy qepe3 a,n;BOKaTa, KaMo
crnn c11Myn11poBaTh 6yiiHoe YMOnoMeIIIaTeJibCTBO - 11
npHTBOp.SIJIC.SI noMeIIIaHHbIM 'ieTbipe ro,n;a! repMaHCKHe
BJiaCTH no,n; KOHeu CO'iJIH noJie3HblM BbI,D;aTb 3TOro cyMa-
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Be,n;eH B nCHXHaTpH'iCCKYIO Jie'ie6HHUY, OTKy,n;a HeMe,n;JieH-
HO 6e)l(aJI, pa3yMeeTC.SI, B IIapH)I(, K JleHHHy, KOToporo
OH no-HaCTO.SII.UeMy 6orOTBOpHJI. «qepe3 HeCKOJibKO Mec.SI-
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cornacH.SI Bna.n;HMHpa MJibH'ia KaMo yexan o6paTHO B
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,n;eHbrH AA.SI napTHH npe,n;nonaranoch Ha 3TOT pa3 Ha
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caMoro KaMo nocTHrna Hey,n;aqa: cxBa'ieHHbIH KaJaKaMH,
OH 6bIJI npHrOBOpeH BOeHHbIM cy,n;oM K CMepTHOH Ka3HH.
IJpoKypop cy,n;a raJIHUHHCKHH npOHHKC.SI )l(aJIOCTblO K 3TO-
MY TeMHOMY <PaHaTHKy. liJIH3HJIOCb TpexcoTJieTHe ,n;oMa
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,n;o MaHH<Pecrn. Ka3Hb 6bma JaMeHeHa KaMo 20-neTneu
KaToprou. Ilocne OKT.SI6pbCKoro nepeBopoTa. on pa6oTaJI
cHa'iaJia B qpe3BbI'ianuou KoMHCCHH, JaTeM B TbIJIY 6e-
nou apMHH. IJo HeKOTOpbIM HaMeKaM B 60JibIIIeBHCTCKOH
304
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qeHO BaJKHoe TeppopHCTHqecKoe rrpe.nrrpm1THe. KaMo rro-
rH6 cnyqail:Ho B TmpnHce, paJ.naBJieHHhIH Ha BepeiicKoM
crrycKe aBTOM06HJieM.
Kaphepa CrnnHHa MeJK.ny rrepBoii H BTopoii peBomo-
QH.sIMH OKa3aJiaCb MeHee 6ypHOH. 3a CBOH IIOJIHTHqecKHe
.neHCTBH.sI OH 6hIJI HCKJIIoqeH H3 c.-,[(. rrapTHH ee 3aKaBKa3C-
KHM KOMHTeTOM. CTaJIHH BCKOpe IIOKHHYJI rpy3HIO H
.nonrHe ro.nh1 pa6oTaJI B PoccHH B pa3HhIX 6oJihllieBHCT-
cKHX opraHHJaQH.sIX. Ero Hhrne111Hee BJIH.sIHHe ocBe.noMJieH-
Hhie JIIO,[(H o6'h.sICH.sIIOT OTqacTH TeM, qTo «rrapTHHQaM»
BCeH PocCHH xopo1110 3HaKOM '.HOT BOJK.[(h, HHKor.na He
6bIBlliHH 3MHrpaHTOM.
3aTeM Haqanach «IIpOKJI.sITa.sI HMIIepHaJIHCnfqecKa.sI
6oHIDI», KOTOpa.sI no ThIC.siqy pa3 IIOBTOpeHHhIM JaBepe-
HH.sIM 60JihllieBHKOB «IIOBeprJia B yJKaC H OTqa.sJHHe BOJK-
.neii MHpOBoro rrpoJieTapHaTa». B .neiicTBHTeJihHOCTH 6oii-
H.sI 3Ta 6bIJia ,[(JI.sI HHX HeOJKH,[(aHHO rrpHBaJIHBlliHM HeCJihI-
xaHHhIM cqacTbeM. JleHHH IIHCaJI ropbKOMY B .sIHBape 1913
ro.na: «BoiiHa ABcTpHH c PoccHeii 6hma 6hl oqeHh rroJieJ-
Hoii ,[(Jl.sI peBOJIIOQHH (BO BCeH BOCTOqHOH EBporre) lliTY-
KOH, Ho MaJioBepo.sITHO, qT06h1 <l>paHQ Mocmp H HHKOJia-
111a ,[(OCTaBHJIH HaM CHe y.noBOJihCTBHe» ••
Bo BpeM.sI BOHHhI CTaJIHH Haxo.nHJIC.sI B cchIJIKe. OH
rrpH6hlJI B lleTep6ypr IIOCJie peBOJIIOQHH H cpa3y OKa3aJIC.sI
6JIHJKaii111HM rroMOIQHHKOM JleHHHa. Ponh CTaJIHHa 6Lma,
0,[(HaKo, He IIOKa3HOH. lloKa3HYIO pOJih HrpaJIH BHaqaJie
3HHOBheB, a rroToM TpoQKHH.

VI.
y TpOQKOfO H,[(eH HHKOr.na He 6hIJIO H He 6y.neT. B
1905 ro.ny OH CBOH OTKpOBeHH.sI B3.sIJI B3aHMhl y llapByca • .,
B 1917 ro.ny - y JleHHHa. Ero HhIHelliH.sI.sI OIIII03HQHOHHa.sI
KpHTHKa - o6mHe MeCTa 3MHrpaHTCKOH rreqaTH. «H,[(e.sI- c
MH» TpoQKOMY oco6eHHO He Be3JIO B peBOJIIOQHH. OH
KJI.sIJIC.sI 3aIQHIIWTh Yqpe.nHTeJihHoe co6paHHe Ja .[(Ba Mec.si-
Qa .no Toro, KaK OHO 6hlJIO pa3orHaHo. OH rrHcaJI: «JlHK-
BH.[(aQH.sI rocy.napcTBeHHOro crraHBaHH.sI Hapo.na BOlliJia B

' JleHHHcICHit c6opHHK, T. I, CTp. 137.

" IIapByC (HaCT. HMll H cj>aMHJIHll AneKcal!Jlp Jl&BOBH'I re.Jl&cj>al!Jl) (1869-
1924)- Y1faCTHHK poccHitCKoro H repMaHCKoro COllHaJJ-.!leMOKpaTH'lecKoro .!IBHllCe-
HHll, MeH&WeBHK. - llpw.i. pet).

305
)l(eJie3HhIH HHBeHTaph 3aBOeBaHHH peBOJilOil,HH». - nepe.n.
BOCCTaHOBJieHHeM B COB. PoccHH Ka3eHHOH npo.n.a)l(H BHHa.
Ho B 6oJihIIIOM aKTepcKoM HcKyccTBe, KaK B yMe H XHTpo-
CTH, Tpou,KoMy, KOHe•rno, OTKa3aTh HeJih3H. BeJIHKHii ap-
THCT - .D.JIH HeB3hICKaTeJibHOH ny6JIHKH. 11BaHOB-Ko-
3eJibCKHH pyccKOH peBOJilOIJ,HH.
BcH 0KTH6phcKasi: peBOJIIOIJ,HSI 6hma, TaK cKa3aTh, 6e-
HecpHCOM Tpou,Koro. Ilo KpaiiHeii Mepe, OH, roaopsi: o Hett
B TY nopy H anocJie.n.cTBHH, HeH3MeHHO .n.ep:;1<aJI ce6si:
KaK «6eHecpHU,HaHT» - KaK 6eHecpHU,HaHT no.n.qepKHYTO
cKpOMHhIH H pacTporaHHO-TaKTH'IHhIH. OH B3BOJIHOBaHHO
paCKJiaHHBaJICH c COBpeMeHHHKaMH H c HCTOpHeii, B3BOJI-
HOBaHHO npHHHMaJI 6yKeTbl H qacTb HX nepe.n.aBaJI .npyrHM
yqacTHHKaM cneKTaKJISI, 3a60TJIHBO BhI6Hpasi: MH 3TOfO
6yKeTHKH noxy)l(e 11 yqacTHHKOB no6e3.n.apHeii. B cao11x
KHHrax, nocBsi:II(eHHhIX OKTsi:6p10 1917 ro.n.a ••, Tpou,KHH
OTe'leCKH pacxaaJIHJI caMbIX cepbIX peBOJilOIJ,HOHepoB,
npHHHMaBIIIHX yqacTHe B nepeBopoTe, BilJIOTb .no cpeJih.D.-
IIIepa Jla3HMHpa, BITJIOTh .n.o KaKoro-To MaTpoca Map-
KHHa. EoJiee BH,llHhIX JIIO,lleH OH CTapaTeJihHO OCTaBHJI B
TeHH. Pa3yMeeTcsi:, JleHHHa HHKaK HeJih3SI 6hmo o6ottTH
MOJI'laHHeM, - JihCTHBO-KOBapHasi: KHHra Tpou,Koro o
JleHHHe .n.ocTaTO'IHO H3BeCTHa. Ho o CTaJIHHe Tpou,KHii
coaepIIIeHHO 3a6hm ynoMHHYTh, CTaJIHHY HH MaJieiiIIIero
6yKeTHKa He .n.ocTaJioch. )];ByXTOMHhIH TPY.D. Tpou,Koro o
1917 ro.n.e yKpaIIIeH nopTpernMH CBep.nJioBa, Hocpcpe, AH-
TOHOBa-OaceeHKO, Ilo.n.aottcKoro, KphIJieHKO, - nopTpeT
CTa.rrnHa TaK H He nonaJI B KH11ry. Me)J(.ny TeM poJih
HbIHeIIIHero .D.HKTaTopa B 0KTS16phCKOH peBOJIIOIJ,HH 6hma
qpe3BbI'laHHO BeJIHKa: OH BXO,llHJI H B «IlSITepKy», Be-
.n.aBllIYIO IlOJIHTH'leCKOH CTOpOHOH BOCCTaHHSI, H B «CeMep-
Ky», Be,llaBIIIYIO CTOpOHOH opraHH3aIJ,HOHHOH.
KaK 6b1 TO HH 6bIJIO, c nepab1x Mecsi:u,ea peBOJIIOIJ,HH
3TH .[I.Ba qeJIOBeKa - HeCOMHeHHO HaH60Jiee BhI,llaIOrn;Hecsi:
B 6oJibllieBHCTCKOH napTHH - IlOIIIJIH Ka)l(,llbIH CBOeH
.noporoii. Tpou,KHH H B .n.aJibHeifIIIeM npHHCKHBaJI .D.JISI ce6si:
6eHecpHCHhie pOJIH. Lt:o 3aKJIIO'leHHSI MHpa c HeMIJ,aMH HaH-
6oJiee BhIHrpblllIHhlM H 3cpcpeKTHhIM IlOCTOM B COBeTCKOM
npaBHTeJibCTBe 6bIJia .D.OJI)l(HOCTh MHHHCTpa HHOCTpaHHhIX
.n.eJI. 0Ha .n.ocTaJiach Tpou,KoMy, H OH <<Ha rna3ax y acero
IJ,HBHJIH30BaHHoro MHpa» pa3hlrpaJI EpecTcKoe npe.n.cTaB-

• JI TpouKHii. Bo.nKa, uepKOBb H KHHeMaTorpa<j>, CTp 43 .

•• OH 3a60TJIHBO H3.!laJI ece, 'ITO HHcaJI B 1917 r. CBOH pe'IH, CTaTeiiKH, 3aMe-
TO'IKH, npoKJJaMaIUIH, TenerpaMMbl, ece.

306
 JieHiie, 3aKOH'IHB cneKTaKJih KOJieHI~eM, npaB.n;a, He BnOJIHe
y,n;aBIIIHMCSI, 3aTO c COTBOpeHHSI MHpa HeBH.D;aHHhIM: «BOH-
HY npeKpamaeM, MHpa He 3aK111-011aeM». C Ha11a110M rpa)l(-
.n;aHCKOH BOHHhl CaMOH 6eHeqmcHOH pOJihl-0 CTaJia pOJih
rnaBHOKOMaH.n;y1-0mero KpacHoH ApMHeH. TpoU:KHH 0Ka-
3a11csi BOeHHhIM KOMHCCapOM, npe.n;ce,n;aTeJieM «PeBBOeH-
COBeTa», pyccKHM KapHo H «:meKTpH3aTopoM peBOJil-0-
U:HH». KaKoBa 6b111a ero .n;eiicTBHTeJihHaSI poJih B rpa)l(-
,n;aHcKoii BOHHe, CKa3aTb B HaCTOSill(ee BpeMSI Tpy.n;Ho.
nocJie nepBoro pa3ph1Ba c TpoQKHM 6oJibIIIeBHKH (T. e.
CTaJIHH) ony6JIHKOBaJIH HeCKOJihKO ,n;oKyMeHTOB, H3 KOTo-
pbIX KaK 6y,n;TO HeonpoBep)l(HMO CJie.n;yeT, 'ITO pOJib :na
6h111a .n;oBOJihHO cKpOMHOH H 11To «KpacHhIH Hanoneom>
.n;a11eKo He Bcer.n;a BeJI ce6si no-Hano11eoHOBCKH. McTopHSI
3mom Bonpoc (B OTJIH'IHe OT 60JihlIIHHCTBa .n;pyrnx)
cyMeeT BhISICHHTh TO'IHO. Bo BCSIKOM cny11ae, .n;nsi nereH.D;hI
Tpou:KHM 6hIJIO c.n;enaHo Bee B03MO)l(HOe. OH «nporneJI
Kypc AKa,n;eMHH reHepaJihHOro rnrn6a», e3.D;HJI B u:apCKOM
noe3,n;e c BaroHOM-THIIOrpaqmeii, B03HJI Ha cppOHT Li:eMbSl-
Ha :Oe.n;Horo H ,n;a)Ke op.n;eH eMy no)KaJioBaJI - «orna)K-
HOMY KaBaJiepHCTY CJIOBa» (KTO )Ke Mor npe.D;BH.D;eTh co
CTOpOHbl «KaBaJiepHCTa CJIOBa» TaKyl-0 11epHy1-0 He6Jiaro-
.n;apHOCTh?). Ha Bcex pernnTeJihHhIX cppoHrnx OH npom-
HOCHJI nnaMeHHhie pe11n. Ka)K,n;asi ero pe11h 6hrna Henpe-
MeHHO c «BOCKJIHU:aHHSIMH». OT Tpou:Koro ocTaHeTcSI .n;e-
CSITh ThICSl'I BOCKJIHU:aHHH - BCe 60JihIIIe o6pa3Hble. IlOCJie
noKyrneHHSI Li:oph1• KannaH OH BOCKJIHKHyJI: «MhI H npe-
)1(.D;e 3HaJIH, 'ITO y TOBapnma JleHHHa B rpy.n;H MeTaJIJI!»
r.ne-To Ha BoJire, B Ka3aHH HJIH B CapaTOBe, OH B nophrne
3HTY3Ha3Ma npoKpH11aJI «rJiyXHM roJIOCOM»: «ECJIH 6yp-
)l(ya3HSI xo11eT B3SITb .D;JISI ce6SI BCe MeCTO no.n; COJIHU:eM, Mbl
IlOTYIIIHM COJIHQe!» raJiepKa peBeJia OT BOCTOpra, KaK
HeKor.n;a Ha cneKTaKJISIX MBaHoBa-Ko3eJibCKoro. Ilpn BceM
CBOeM aKTepcTBe Tpou:KHH He no.n.n;eJibrnaeTcsi rro.n; ny6JIH-
KY - OH He yMeeT roBopHTh HHa11e. Brrpo11eM, TaK roBo-
psiT HHbie TaJiaHTJIHBbie opaTOpbl H He B CapaTOBe. no-
KOHHhIH BHBHaHH, HanpnMep, TO)Ke 6b1JI MacTep Ha BOCK-
JIHU:aHHSI: «La France marchant la tete plus haut que Jes
etoiles ... » .. AHaTOJib <l>pam:. OT ero o6pa30B 3aTbIKaJI yrnH,
HOB «HH)l(HeM 3Ta)Ke cppaHU:Y3CKOH KYJihTYPhI» 3TOT 6JiecK
BTOporo copra HMeJI rnyMHhIH ycnex. Tpou:KHH B,n;o6aBOK
«6JieCTSlll(HH nHCaTeJib)) - no TBep,n;oMy y6e)K.D;eHHIO JIIO-

• TaK y M An.naHosa. - llpw.i. peo .

•• <«l>paHQHll ll.ll.CT, 00.ll.HllB ronosy BbIWe 3BC3.ll.» ((Ip.).

307
)1.eH, He HMeIOmHx HHIJero o6mero c JIHTepaTypoH. HHKTO
He yMeJI nyqme, 'leM OH, pa306Jia'laTh B CTaTMIX «HMITe-
pHaJIHCTH'leCKOe KOIThITO r. MHJIIOKOBa»; HHKTO TaK 3<l>-
<PeKTHO He npe,ll;nHchrnan «c3py nhIOKeHeHy»: «TIOTPYJJ:H-
Tecb y6paTh HOrH co CTOJia». Tpou,KOMY B COBepmeHCTBe
y)1.aIOTCSI Bee TOHKOCTH peMecna: H «'ITO ceH COH 03Ha-
qaeT?», H «YHTep-o<Pwu.epcKasi: BJJ:OBa, KOTopasi: caMa ce6si:
BhICeKJia», H «TeH)1.eHU,HSI, npOX0)1.Simasi: KpaCHOH HHThIO»,
H «no6e)1.HTh HJIH yMepeTb!». Knwme 6onhmeBHCTCKOH
THnorpa<l>HH OH yMeeT pa3H006pa3HTb CTOITY,ll.OBOH HpO-
HHeu: «B Tex ropHHX c<Pepax, r)1.e BeJJ:yTcsi: npwxo)1.o-pac-
xo)1.Hh1e KHHrH 6oiKeCTBeHHOro npOMbICJia, pemeHO 6bIJIO
B H3BeCTHbIH MOMeHT nepeBeCTH HHKOJiaSI Ha OTBeTCTBeH-
HbIH IlOCT OTCTaBHOH K03bl 6apa6aHmHKa, a 6pa3)1.bl npaB-
JieHHSI BPY'IHTh Po)1.3SIHKO, MHJIIOKOBY H KepeHCKOMY»
(Co'I., T. III, cTp. 22).
B nocne)1.HHe ro)1.hI Tpou,KHH, BHJJ:HMO, ocna6en u Ben
ce6si: 3Ha'IHTeJibHO HHiKe CBOeH penyTall,HH JIOBKOro qeno-
BeKa. 3a CaMbIMH rop,ll;eJIHBbIMH ero no3aMH CJie)1.0BaJIH
caMbie yHH3HTeJibHhie noKaSIHHSI. EMy si:BHO H3MeHHna
OCHOBHaSI cnoco6HOCTb peBOJIIOll,HOHepa - yMeHHe pac-
C'IHThIBaTh CBOH H BpaiKeCKHe CHJibl. Ha 'lblO IlOMepiKKY
OH Ha)1.eSIJICSI? CoH)1.eT JIM HaBcer)1.a co cu,eHbl OCBHCTaH-
HbIM aKTepoM? Tpou,KHH BCIO CBOIO iKH3Hb npOiKHJI nepe)1.
3epKaJIOM )1.JISI HCTOpH'leCKOH ranepKH. Ecnu OH KOr)1.a-
JIH6o IlOKOH'IHT c co6oH HJIH norn6HeT «Ha 6appHKa)1.e»
(«6appHKa)1.y» OH CKJIOHSIJI BO Bcex na)1.eiKaX TpH,ll;U,aTb
JieT), 3TO TOiKe 6y)1.eT C)1.eJiaHO )1.JISI ranepKH - )1.JISI Toro
6worpa<PwqecKoro TpyJJ:a, KOTOphIH o HeM HanwmeT Knapa
l.J,eTKHH XXVII crnneTHSI.

VII.
Tiepe,ll; 3epKaJIOM npOB0)1.SIT )1.HH pa3Hhle JII0)1.H -
qacTo oIJeHh TanaHTJIHBhie. Ho no3TaM, apTHCTaM nerKo
TaK iKHTh. BoeBaTh nepeJJ: 3epKaJioM ropa3)1.0 MeHee yJJ:o6-
HO, H Ha 6oeBbIX IlOCTax o6hl'IHO HMeIOT ycnex JII0)1.H, Ha
3epKano He orJIS1)1.h1Ba10mwecsi:. TaKoB 6bIJI JleHHH. TaKoB
H HbIHelliHHH BCepOCCHHCKHH )1.HKTaTOp.
CTaJIHH, B OTJIH'IHe OT Tpou,Koro, He urpan 6eHe<Pwc-
HhIX poneii. B TeIJeHHe IJeTbipex neT OH 6bIJI «HapoJJ:HhIM
KOMHCCapoM no )1.eJiaM Hall,HOHaJihHOCTeH» - )1.0JiiKHOCTb
BITOCJie)1.CTBHH ynpa3)1.HeHHaSI 3a IlOJIHOH ee HeHy)KHOCTblO.

308
 Oo6hrnan H rnaBou Pa6oqe-KpecTMIHCKOU HHcrreKQHH -
:HOT IIOCT, BepO.HTHO, B TOM JKe po,ne: Hey,no6Ho Be.[{h
CrnnHHY KOHTpon11poBaTh CrnnHHa. KaK 6nHJKauumu
COTpy,nHHK JleHHHa, OH Mor, KOHeqHo, rronyqHTh 6onee
BhIHrphllliHbie .[{OnJKHOCTH. 00-BH.[{HMOMy, OCHOBHa.H
MhICnh ,[(JKyramBHnH 3aKmoqanach B TOM, qTO B ycnoBH.HX
6onhmeBHCTCKOU peBonIOQHH .neno He B rocy,napCTBeHHhIX
rrocTax, a B rrapTHHHOM arrrrapaTe. CTanHH cTan qneHoM
Oon11T610po e11.1;e B Mae 1917 ro.na; rro3,nHee OH rrpomen B
ceKpeTapHaT l.J;eHTpanhHoro KoMHTeTa H, HaKoHen;, 0Ka-
3anc.H reHepanhHhIM ceKpeTapeM PKIT. 3To .nano eMy
B03MOJKHOCTh y6paTb c caMbIX 6JIHCTaTenhHhIX IIOCTOB H
Tpon;Koro, H 3HHOBheBa, H KaMeHeBa. He rroMemano
CTanHHY ,naJKe 3aBe11.1;aHHe JleHHHa - 3arpo6Hoe rrHChMO
peBH30pa. JleHHH ero Ha3Ban. «rpy6hIM qenoBeKOM, He-
TeprrHMhIM B .nonJKHOCTH «reHceKa». 0,nHaKO c .nonJKHOCTH
:non ero rrpH JKH3HH He y6pan. floqeMy? 0 HhrnemHHX
CBOHX rrpoTHBHHKax caM CTanHH CKa3an: «BhI cnh1manH
3,nech, KaK cTapaTenhHO pyranH orrrro3HQHOHephI CTanH-
Ha. 06oRC1lRemcR 3mo meM, 1.Lmo CmaAUH, 6b1mb MOJH:em,
3Haem AYl.Lute, l.LeM opy2ue, 6Ce nAymHu onno3UIJUW>. CTa-
mrn He «B.[{OXHOBeHHhIU opaTop» H He «6neCT.Hil.l;HU IIHCa-
Tenh», Bepo.HTHO, OH Ha :no H He rrpeTeH,nyeT. Ho ,nHK-
TaTopcKoe peMecno OH IIOHHMaeT He,nypHO . .$! OTHIO.[{h He
cq11TaIO ero HOBhIM HarroneoHoM. Ponh CTanHHa B 6onh-
meBHCTCKOH peBOnIOQHH B rrocne,nHeM cqeTe rroqTH HaBep-
HOe OKaJKeTC.H He cnHlliKOM BhIHrphllliHOU. KaK IIOBe,neT OH
ce6.H <<Ha <l>HHHme», oqeHh Tpy,nHO CKa3aTb. qTO HMeHHO
He xBaTaeT CTanHHy? KynhTYPhI? He ,nyMaIO: 3aqeM 3THM
n10,n.HM KynhTypa? Mx mTaMrroBaJihHhIH MhICnHTenhHhIH
arrrrapaT pa6oTaeT caM co6010 - y Bcex rrpH6nH3HTenhHO
o,nHHaKOBO. «TeopeTHKOB» CTanHH Bcer.na Hau,neT cKonh-
Ko yro,nHO, qero 6bI OH HH 3aXOTen. 3HaeT nH OH TOnhKO
caM, qero HMeHHO OH xoqeT?
Ta nHHH.H, ITO KOTOpoil: OH, BHaqane He 6e3 KOJie6aHHH,
men K 3aXBaTy BJiaCTH Ha,n rrapTHeU, 6hIJia, IIO-BH.[{HMOMy,
npaBHnhHOH . .$! roBOpIO: IIO-BH.[{HMOMy, TaK KaK BCe-TaKH
.neno e11.1;e He pemeHo oKoHqaTenhHO. <l>oKyc KonyM6oBa
.HUl.l;a rrocne KonyM6a MOrJIH ycBOHTh ,npyrne - H IIOCT
reHepanhHOro ceKpeTap.H KOMMYHHCTHqecKOU rrapTHH He
.HBn.HeTC.H B KOHn;e KOHl.l;OB IIOJKH3HeHHhIM. IlpH HeKOTOpOM
cqacThe ponh rnaBhl OIIII03Hl.l;HH MOJKeT OKa3aTbC.H oqeHh

• JleHHH lKe Hll3BaJI ero H <<'IYAecHblM rpy:JHHOM» (JleHHHCKHii c6opHHK, T. I,

CTp. 142).

309
BhirOJJ:HOH. «TOJihKO MepTBhie He B03Bparn:aIOTCSI», - CKa-
3aJI 3HaMeHHThIH .nesi reJih mo20 TepMn,nopa. CTaJIHH, ee-
posiTHO, noHHMaeT, 'ITO BeTep B coepeMeHHOH Poccnn
MeHSieTCSI 11aCTO H 'ITO npH nepBOH nepeMeHe BeTpa IlO'ITH
BCSI ero CBopa (3a pe,n:KHMH HCKJIIO'leHHSIMH, Bpo.ne 6na-
JKeHHOfO I>yxapnHa, KOMMYHHCTH11ecKoro Ilcpynsi) c non-
HOH roTOBHOCThIO nepeMeTHeTcsi K TpoQKOMy. IlpH3Ha-
IOCh, SI «C 3axBaThIBaIOW:HM HHTepecOM» JK,ny: 'ITO c.nenaeT
CTaJIHH B 3TOM TPYJJ:HOM 3K3aMeHe Ha TPYJJ:HYIO ncTopn-
11ecKyIO pOJih ?*

VIII.
Ho nx n.nen? Be,nh Ja KaJK,nhIM H3 HHX CTORT onpe-
.neneHHhie coQHaJihHhie rpynnhl?
,LJ;a, n.nen, coQHaJihHhie rpynnhI. ..

)Kopec roeopnn, 'ITO cpm10cocpnsi ncTopnn Kapna Ma-

pKca npe,ncTaBJISieT co6oIO CO'leTaHHe reHHaJihHOM HH-
TYHQHH c ,neTCKOH HaHBHOCThIO: eceQeJio nornorn:eHHhIH
n.neeii 6oph6h1 KJiaccoe, MapKc npornsi.nen Ja Hett 6oph6y
napTHH B npe.nenax OJJ:HOfO KJiacca H 6oph6y JIH'IHOCTeM B
npe.nenax OJJ:HOH napTHH. )Kopec o6'hSICHSIJI 3TO TeM, 'ITO
MapKcy He npnxo.nnnoch Ha6mo,naTh B6JIH3H, KaK B MH-
HHCTepcKnx Ka6nHeTax H B Kynyapax napJiaMeHTOB TBO-
pHTCSI HaCTosiw:asi npaKTH'leCKaSI IlOJIHTHKa.
Pa3yMeeTcsi, COQHOJIOrH-MapKCHCThI coeeprneHHO Hey-
SI3BHMhI B OTHOilleHHH 3TOfO KpHTH'leCKOfO yKa3aHHSI H
«noeepxnocTHOH KpHTHKH» eoo6rn:e. Ontt, KaK H3BeCTHO,
rnsi,nsiT rny6JKe, B caMhIH KopeHh. «KTo - KaK MYJJ:PhIH H
KTO noHHMaeT 3na11eHHe eew:eM? - cKa3aJI Qaph Cono-
MOH. - Cep,n:Qe My,nporo 3HaeT H epeMsi, H ycTaB».
MapKcHcThI ece 3HaIOT: n ycTaB, H epeMsi, H 3Ha11eHne
eern:ett. IlpH HeKOTOpOM HaBhIKe JJ:JISI KaJK,nOM napTHH, JJ:JISI
KaJKJJ:OH cppaKQHH, ,naJKe JJ:JISI KaJK,noro OT,neJihHOfO .nesi-
TeJISI JiefKO no.no6paTh COOTBeTCTBeHHYIO «KJiaCCOBYIO no-
.nonJieKy». HeT, HanpHMep, HH11ero nporn:e, 11eM ynoJKHTh B
TepMHHhl KJiaCCOBOH 6oph6hI pacnpIO, npOHCXOJJ:RW:YIO Hhl-
He B 6onhrneBHCTCKOH napTHH. TepMHHOJiornsi pa3pa6o-

• 3To 6blno 11an11ca110 e nopy 6opb6bl MelKJly CTaJIHHblM H TpouKHM. Ilocne-

.z:1oeaswyio BCKopc 3a TCM CCblJIKY Tpouxoro B Bepllblii ,!:IOJlllCllO npH311aTb BCCbMa
11e6naropaJyMHbIM nocTynxoM: OT Bepnoro ,1:10 MocKBbl see llCe JIHWb necKOJibKO
AHeii nyrn.

310
TaHa 6oraTo: 6aTpaKH, 6e.n;HSIKH, cepe.n;HSIKH, KyJiaKH, npo-
JieTapHaT, noJiynpoJieTapHaT, JIIOMneHnpoJieTapHaT, MO)l(-
HO eme npHX8aTHTb «cnen;o8», «.n:eKJiaCCHp08aHHYIO HH-
TeJIJIHfeHU:HIO» H T ..n:. bbIJIH 6bI TepMHHOJIOfMSI H 6yMara,
a MapKCHCTbI H no.n:onJieKa Haif.n;yTcSI. Con:uoJioru 8hrnc-
HSIT ToqHo, qbH KJiacco8bie «qaS1HMS1» 8bipa)l(aJI CTaJIMH H
KaK KJiacco8b1e rpynnhI no.n;.n;ep)l(H8aJIH Tpon;Koro.
Mb1 ocTaHeMCSI, o.n;HaKo, npM «no8epxHOCTHOH» ToqKe
3peHMS1. To, qTo npoucxo.n;MT ceiiqac 8 Poccuu, 3To 6opb-
6a, 6opb6a JIMqHaSI, noqTM TaKaSI 6opb6a, KaKaSI 8e.n;eTCSI
8 )l(H80THOM n:apCT8e. JI YT8ep)l(.n:aro, qTo 8Ce noJIO)l(eHMSI
CTaJIHHa MO)l(HO HaHTM y Tpon;Koro - M o6paTHo: Ha.n;o
TOJibKO 83SITb MX pequ H CTaTbM He 3a HeCKOJibKO He.n;eJib,
a Ja HeC..KOJibKO JieT. B KOMMYHMCTMqecKoii napTMM M.n;eT
6ecnpecTaHHoe chasse-croise". Jlro.n;M, CTOS18IIIMe Ja «6e.n:-
HSIK08», Tenepb OTCTaM8alOT MHTepeCbl «KyJiaK08», HO c
IlOJIHOH fOT08HOCTblO CH08a C8Sl)l(YTCSI c «6e.n;HS1KaMM»,
ecJIM 3THM cnoco6oM 6y.n;eT noqeMy-JIM6o y.n:o6Hee c8ep-
HYTb IIIero npoTH8HMKaM. 3MH08be8 npe)l(.n:e co CTaJIHHbIM
rpoMHJI Tpon;Koro, Tenepb OH c Tpon;KHM rpoMHT CTaJIH-
Ha, - qbSI KJiacco8aS1 no.n:onJieKa M3MeHHJiacb? CaM CTa-
JIHH 6bIJI (npH JleHHHe) npOTH8HHKOM «H080H 3KOHOMH-
qecKOH noJIMTMKM». HaIIIa neqaTb He 6e3 npuqHHbI TepS1eT-
cS1 8 .n:ora.n;Kax: KTO M3 60JibIIIe8MCTCKMX 80)1(,ll;eH Jie8ee,
KTO npa8ee? (EyxapHH, u.n:ymuii HbIHe co CTaJIHHbIM,
npe)l(.n:e cqMTaJICSI caMbIM Jie8blM) M He OilMpaIOTCSI JIM
Jie8bie 80)1(,ll;H Ha npa8ble MaCCbI? (qTo, 8 caMOM .n:eJie,
rpaHMqMJIO 6b1 c qy.n;oM). Bo)l(.n;H, 8epoS1THO, M caMM 8cero
3TOfO He 3HaIOT, KaK He 3HaIOT OHM H Toro, KaKMM Oilbl-
TOM 3aHMYTCSI, Kor.n:a IlOKOHqaT c KOHKypeHTaMM. )J;o-
CTaToqHo npoqecTb MX .n:ucKyccMOHHbie JIHCTKM. Tpon;KMH,
IIIMilSI OT 6eIIIeHCT8a, III8blpS1eT B «annapaTqHKOB» qaH
KaifIIIM IlepceJIJieM, KyJiaKaMH, «con;MaJIM3MOM 8 o.n;Hoif
cTpaHe». EMy KpMqaT 3a.n;h1xa10muecS1 roJioca: «IllnaHa Thi
3TaKaS1!.. Ilpe3peHHbIH MeHbIIIeBHK!.. KaKaSI rnycHOCTb!..
,[(oJioif ra.n:a!..» He Ha.n:o 6bITb 6oJibIIIMM ncMxoJioroM,
qTo6bI CK803b CTeHorpaMMY noqyBCTB08aTb o6cTaHOBKY
3T0f0 3ace.n:amrn, xapaKTep 3TOH «IlOJIHTHqecKOH ,ll;MCKYC-
CHM». HeT, 3.n;ech He qaH KaiiIIIH H He IlepceJIJib! 3.n:ech He
M.n;eHHbie pa3HOrJiaCHSI. 3.n:ecb JIHqHaSI HeHaBMCTb, HeHa-
BMCTb 3BepHHaSI, - HeHaBMCTb no TOMY M.n;eHHOMY npM-
3HaKy, qTo BopoIIIHJI08 M JlpocJia8cKMH He MoryT cMOT-
peTb 6e3 S1pOCTM Ha caMy10 <PmMOHOMHIO Tpon;Koro ...

• 1Jexapna (rjip.).
311
 Tio)l(e11aeM )Ke MM BCeM Toro, qero OHM )l(eJiaIOT .upyr
.upyry. JI He 3HaIO, KTO M3 HMX 6y.ueT CMeSITbCSI noc11e.umrn.
CaMhIMM noc11e.n:HMMM nocMeeMCSI MhI. Mensi: ue CJIMllIKOM
yTernaeT 3Ta nepcneKTMBa noc11e.uuero cMexa ua paJBaJIM-
uax. CKaJauo, o.uuaKo, B reuMaJihHon KHHre: «BpeMsi: n11a-
KaTh M BpeMSI cMeS1ThCS1 ... BpeMsi: pa36pachIBaTh KaMHM M
BpeMsi: co6MpaTh KaMHM... BpeMsi: pa3.UMpaTh M BpeMsi
crnMBaTh ... BpeMsi: 11106HTh M BpeMSI ueuaBM.UeTh ... »
Клименrl}qххпилов
~ен БуЛенный
Михаил Калинин
 CoeeTCKHe nro,u;u
(B KHHeMaTorpacl>e)

CMoTp KpacHoii: ApMMM B MocKBe. OH, HecoMHeHHo,

npoM3BOJJ:MT BneqaTJiem1e. BoiicKa MapumpyioT npeKpac-
HO. «He Xy)l(e HarneH: rBap.z:i;MM», - fOBOpMJI (co CMernaH-
HbIMM, Ka)l(eTCjl, qyBCTBaMM) 6bIBlllHH KOMaHJJ:Hp rBap-
.n:eiicKoro noJIKa.
Mo)l(eT 6hITb. Ho 3TO He oqeHb Ba)l(HO. KpacHoii Ap-
MMM He Ja qTo cpa)l(aTbCjl M HeJaqeM no6e)l(.z:i;aTh. «.Ua TaK
Bcer.n:a 6bIJIO!» - CKa)l(eT CKenTMK. 3aqeM 6bIJIO pyccKMM
MY)l(MqKaM no6e)l(.z:i;aTb Kor.n:a-To BeHrpoB MJIM 6paTb Ila-
pM)I(? A KpacHajl ApMMjl B.n:o6aBOK MHoroqMcneHHa. «nor
06b1qHo Ha CTOpOHe 60JiblllMX 6aTaJibOHOB», - CKa3aJI
HanoneoH B MHHYTY BecenoH: OTKpoBeHHOCTM.
y Hero MO)l(HO HaHTM M IlpjIMO npOTMBOilOJIO)l(Hbie
yTBep)l(.n:eHMji. B 3TOH o6nacTM BOeHHajl HayKa - Boo6me
TeMHajl Jl:Jijl Hae, lllTaTCKMX, - CTaHOBMTCjl oco6eHHO
TeMHOH. BoeHHbie MCTopMKM eme He pa3pernMJIM Bonpoca,
KaKajl apMMji 6hlna nyqrne, HanpMMep, B nopy cyBopoBc-
Koro noxo.n:a: «C03HaTeJibHajl» cppaHI.\Y3CKajl MJIM «Heco3-
HaTeJihHajl» pyccKajl? KaK 6hr To HM 6bmo, c TOH nopbr
HeH3rJia,ll;MMYIO IlCMXOJIOrMqecKyIO rpaHb npoBeJI 1917
ro.z:i;. BnepBbie con.n:aTbI y6eJJ:HJIMCb B TOM, qero OHM B XIX
CTOJieTMM He no.z:i:o3peBaJIM: CTpeJijlTb B HenpMjlTeJijl no
npMKa3y HaqaJibCTBa He TaK y)I( o6jl3aTeJibHO; MO)l(HO npM
cnyqae CTpeJijITb M B HaqaJihCTBO. BeKOBOH MHepQMM no-
cnyrnaHMjl y KpacHoii ApMMM HeT. Tor.n:a «.n:yrna»? Ho B
.z:i;yrne y Hee, oqeBM,ll;HO, JJ:OJI)l(Ha 6hITb 6pollll0pa o
TpeTheM l1HTepHaQMOHaJie. .[(Jijl BOHHbI 3TOro Mano.
KpacHoapMeHQbI - mo.n:M, BMJJ:jimMe TO, qTo TBOpMTCjl
BOKpyr HMX. CTpeJijlTb OHM, BepOjITHO, 6y.n:yT, HOB KOro?
Cnop HeJib3jl ynpomaTh: Boopy)l(eHMjl MJIM «.n:yx»? Bee,
no-BM,ll;MMOMy, CBOJJ:MTCjl K .z:i;o3MpOBKe Toro M .n:pyroro. B
3IlOXY BbICIIIero TOp)l(eCTBa TeXHMKM KOMneTeHTHbIH qeJio-
BeK, MapmaJI <l>oUI, fOBOpMJI (BeCHOH 1918 ro.n:a): «Kor.z:i;a
jl CTaHOBJIIOCb Ha TeXHMqecKyIO TOqKy 3peHMjl, no6e.n:a Ha.z:i;
repMaHMeH npe.n:cTaBJijleTCjl MHe HeB03MO)l(HOH. Kor.z:i;a jl
315
no)J,XO:>KY K BOnpocy c TO"IKH 3peHH.ff. Ayxa, .ff. He COMHeBaIOCb
B no6e)J,e HH MHHYThI». HeK0Topb1e cTpaHHI.\hI H3 co"IHHe-
HHH <l>orna nO"ITH )J,OCJIOBHO COBna)J,aIOT c TeM, "ITO CKa3aJI
o BoeHHOM )J,eJie H o no6e)J,e B «Boii:He H MHpe» ToncToii ...
A Bonpoc )],JI.ff. Hae )J,OCTaTO"IHO Ba:>KHhIH. EcnH 3TH
TaK npeKpacHo Maprnnpy10mne BOHcKa )J,eHCTBHTeJihHo
BCeH AYII10H npe)J,aHbl COBeTCKOH BJiaCTH, TO Mbl Bp.HJJ,
JIH KOr)J,a-Hn6yAh YBH)J,HM Poccn10. Ho JIH6o TaKoe npeJJ,-
nono:>KeHHe B3JJ,OpHO, JIH6o "leJIOBe"leCKHH pa3yM - "IH-
CTeiirna.H JiereH)J,a.

Ha npoT.HHYTOM B)J,OJih CTeHhI noJIOTHe )],Ba orpOMHhIX

nopTpeTa: cJieBa JleHHH, cnpaBa CrnnHH. 3To HOBO: JJ,o
CHX nop, Ka:>KeTC.ff., p.HJJ,OM c JleHHHbIM He CTaBHJIH HHKOro,
KpoMe MapKca.
BoT H caM )J,HKTaTop. B conpoBO:>K)J,eHHH TOJinhI caHoB-
HHKOB H "leKHCTOB OH npoxo)J,HT K MaB30Jie10. IlepeJJ,
CB.ff.ll.(eHHOH MOfHJIOH JIHI.(0 ero npHHHMaeT COOTBeTCTBeH-
HOe Bblpa:>KeHHe. HacTO.Hll.(He "IYBCTBa, BHyrnaeMbie eMy
JleHHHhIM nocne «3aBemaHH.H», yra,a;aTh He TaK TPYAHO.
BcnoMHHM naTHHCKoe H3pe"leHHe: «IlycTh OH 6yAeT 60-
roM, ecJIH TOJibKO OH MepTB».
K co:>KaJieHHIO, .ff. He Mory npH3HaTh JIHI.(O CTaJIHHa
HH"ITO:>KHhIM. B HeM ecTh H CHJia, H 3Ha"IHTeJihHOCTh.
He3a"leM H3o6pa:>KaTh 3Toro "leJioBeKa AypaKoM. C Tex
nop KaK cymecTByeT MHp, )J,ypaKH )J,HKTaTopaMH He CTaHO-
BHJIHCb. «YJJ,ap no JieBOH onn03Hl.(HH», «6JIOK c npaBOH
onn03Hl.(HeH», nOTOM Hao6opoT, - nCHXOJIOfH"leCKa.H CTO-
poHa JJ,ena MHoro npome. Ilpo6neMa CrnnHHa - npo6Jie-
Ma aTaMaHCTBa. 3TOT "leJioBeK - aTaMaH no npnpo)J,e.
f'ep)J,ep, nopo10 BepHBII1HH B nepeceJieHHe JJ,yrn, roBo-
pnn, "ITO no JIHl.\Y "leJioBeKa Y3HaeT, KeM OH 6hm B cBoeM
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Teneph "leJioBeK XV BeKa: Tor,a;a B EBpone no'ITH Be3JJ,e
BnacTb npHHa)J,Jie:>KaJia CTaJIHHhIM. TorJJ,a H C03)1,anacb Ta
nonHTH"lecKa.H MYAPOCTh, KOTopy10 MHoro no3JJ,Hee Q>paH-
l.\Y3CKHH rocyJJ,apcTBeHHbIH "leJIOBeK Bbipa:>KaJI CJIOBaMH:
«ECJIH 6 Hapo)J,y CJIHII1KOM xoporno :>KHJIOCb, TO npaBHTb
HM 6hmo 6h1 otJeHb TPYAHO».
0)1,eT CrnJIHH cTpaHHO. Ha HeM He BOeHHhIH MYHAHP H
He II1TaTCKOe nJiaTbe, a C03,LJ;aHHa.H 60JihlI1eBHKaMH Q>opMa,
He"ITO cpe)J,Hee Me:>KJJ,Y Q>peH"leM H TOJICTOBKOH, noMeCh
qero-To .HK06b1 KpaiiHe pyccKoro c "leM-TO .HK06b1 KpaiiHe
Me:>K)J,yHapoJJ,HhIM. BHA y )J,HKTaTOpa 60JJ,ph1ii H yBepeH-

316
HhIH. 0 ,npyrnx caHOBHJn<ax :noro HHKaK He cKa)l(eIIIh.
Hex0Topb1e, cTapaTeJihHO y11h16aHCh (nponeTapcxnii
npaJ.IJ;HHK), c HBHbIM 6ecnoKOHCTBOM orJIH.IJ;hIBaIOTCH no
CTOpOHaM. 3HaIOT, 'ITO HX ceiilfaC cpOTorpaqmpyIOT Ha
noKaJ BCeMy MHpy, H BCe-TaKH HepBHO orJIH.IJ;hIBaIOTCH.
3To, H ,nyMaIO, nepBbie npaBHTeJIH POCCHH, He HMeIOI.QHe
peIIIHTeJibHO HHKaKHX HJIJIIOJHH OTHOCHTeJibHO OKpy)l(a-
IOI.QeH HX Hapo,nHOH JII06BH. y npe,ncTaBHTeJieH crnporo
cTpoH Taxne HJIJIIOJHH 6hIJIH. lihIJIH OHM Hy 1110.neii 1917
ro,na. MnHHCTp Tpy.na Cxo6enes, noMHIO, Be'IHO CHHJI OT
BOCTopra - TaK ero pa.nosana uapo.nuaH 111060Bh. Ha
KOHQepTaX-MHTHHrax Toro BpeMeHH, r.ne OH ~iacaMH roso-
pHJI 0 TOM, 'ITO Tenepb He speMH .rum pe'IeH, eMy' .neii:cT-
BHTeJihHO, ycTpaHBaJIHCh CKaJO'IHhie OBaQHH.

MyJhIKa urpaeT. 11,neT «rnasa coseTCKoro rocy,nap-

CTBa».
B cpurype KanHHHHa ecTh 'ITO-TO uenpeo,noJIHMO KOMH-
lfecxoe. Ou rroca)l(eH s cauoBHHKH 6onhrne Ja rrpoucxo)l(.IJ;e-
HHe: «KpeCTbHHHH OT COXH», TaK )l(e KaK «pa60'IHH OT
CTaHKa», - 3TO He'ITO spo.ne COBeTCKoro reuepana OT HH-
cpaHTepHH. Mo)l(HO ycoMHHThCH, 6hIJI JIH xor.na-uu6y,nh s ca-
MOM .nene «KpeCTbHHHHOM OT COXH» 3TOT CTapH'IOK B rreHCHe;
HO, BO BCHKOM CJIYlfae, HHKaKHX .npyrHx IIOJIHTH'IeCKHX Ja-
cnyr Ja HHM He JHa'IHTCH; «HH pHTOp, HH cpHJIOCOcp, .nn.na-
CKaJihCTBa H JIOrocpeTCTBa He HCKyceH, npocTeQ lfeJIOBeK H
JeJio HCIIOJIHeH nese,neHHH». KoMHJM B TOM, 'ITO npH COBeT-
CKOM CTpoe OH CTporo KOHCTHTYQHOHHhIH MOHapx - KO-
pOJih QapCTByeT, HO He ynpaBJIHeT - H, He HMeH pOBHO HH-
KaKoro JHalfeHHH, BJHT HCKJIIO'IHTeJihHO MR npe,nCTaBHTeJib-
CTBa: npHHHMaeT HHOCTpaHHhIX IIOCJIOB - Ha.no )l(e HMeTh
rnasy rocy,napcTsa, KaK y 1110,neii. Bn.n y Hero cooTBeT-
CTBeHHbIH: CTporo KOHCTHTYQHOHHhIH MOHapx seceJIHTCH co
CBOHM uapo,noM B ,neHh HaQHOHaJihHOro npaJ,nHHKa.
3a rrpeJH.IJ;eHTOM TaK)l(e CJie,nyIOT caHOBHHKH H lfeKH-
CThl. He paJ6epelllh, KTO canosnHK, KTO lfeKHCT. JlenTa na
MfHOBeHHe BhI6paChIBaeT H YBO.IJ;HT HCTHHHO CTpalllHOe,
JBepcxoe JIHQO. KTo 3To? KeM 6hIJI 3TOT lfenosex .no
peBOJIIOQHH? KaK MOrJIH no.no6Hhle JIIO.IJ;H IIOHBHThCH B
lfexoscxoii PoccHH, s TOH PoccHH, «r.ne HH'Iero He rrpouc-
xo,nHT», r.ne HaQHOHaJibHhIM He,nocTaTKOM C'IHTaJiaCb 06-
JIOMOBI.QHHa, - CTpaHHO H CMelllHO Terreph BCIIOMHHaTh
06 3THX yrrpa)l(HeHHHX B HaQHOHaJihHOH IICHXOJIOfHH no-
CJie rrepe)l(HTOro HaMH anoKaJIHIICH'IeCKOro IIHTHa,nQaTH-
JieTHH. HarrHIIleT JIH CBOH BOCIIOMHHaHHH, paccKa)l(eT JIH

317
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OIIIR6Ke? Be,nh yJK OH-TO HH npH KaKHX 6y,nymHx nepeBo-
poTax He npona,neT.
,lJ;pyrHe nmi;a B 6oJibllIHHCTBe cepb1e, He 3Jibie, He ,no6-
pb1e - HHKaKHe. «TpH TblCR"IH JieT lfeJIOBelfeCKOH IJ;HBHJIH-
3a1IHH», BH.nHMO, Hx Mano KOCHYJIHCb. TaKHMH MorJIH 6b1Tb
IIOJJ:JIHIIOBIIbl. - H3 HHX, KaK H3BeCTHO, YMHeiillIHH yMeJI
C"IHTaTb TOJibKO ,no IIRTH. Y CTaJIHHa, y Tpoeyoro «.nHaMan>
Mor BbITpaBHTb, BbIJKelfb .nyllly. y 3THX H BbIJKHraTb 6bIJIO
Helfero. B OTJJ:eJibHOCTH OHH HH"ITOJKHbl, B Macce OlfeHb
CTpallIHbl. BOT OHa, HOBaR JIIOJJ:CKaa nopo,na, 0 KOTOpoii ro-
BOpHJI ropbKHH B H3JII06JieHHOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH IIpOBHH-
IJ;HaJibHbIX aKTepoB (JJ:Jrn aKTepoB H THpe npe,nHa3Ha lfaJIHCb,
KaK HOTbI MR neBIIOB): «Tax llleCTByeT MRTeJKHbIH qeJIOBCK
Bnepe.a;! H - Bblllle! Bee - Brrepe;::i:! H - Bb11IIe!»

I-fa BopoT KpeMJIR BbIHOCHTCR Ha KOHe BopoIIIHJIOB.

0tfeHb He,nypno: COBCeM COBeTCKHH KaBaJieprap,n, rycap
cMepTH TpeTbero l1HTepHa1IHOHana. 11MeHHO BbIHOCHTCR,
a He BbIC3JKaeT. TaK Ha o6JIOJKKax KHHr JJ:JIR IOHOIIIeCTBa
H3o6paJKaJIH Eor,naHa XMeJibHHIIKOro, He xBaTaeT TOJibKO
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HO. ,D;o Hero KapHo 6hIJI <l>pyHJe, H eme paHbIIIe Tpo11-
KHH, B caMOM Halfane coBeTCKHMH BoiicxaMH KOMaH,no-
BaJI KpbmeHKO, HO He,nonro, He ycnen CTaTb KapHo.
Co6cTBeHHO, cxo,ncTBO HenoJIHoe: apMHH Toro KapHo
no6e,noHOCHO cpaJKaJIHCb c COCJJ:HHCHHbIMH CHJiaMH Bceii
EBpOIIbI. 3TH c BHeIIIHHM BparoM BOeBaJIH Bcero OJJ:HH
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npexpaCHOM lfeJIOBC"ICCKOM MaTepHaJie H npH HeorpaHH-
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6bIJIO H He TaK TPYJJ:HO. rnaBHaR 3acnyra OCTaHeTCR,
KOHe"IHO, Ja Tpo1IKHM, - r.ne JKe BopoIIIHJIOBY TRraTbCR
c MHpOBbIM lfeMIIHOHOM caMopeKJiaMbl. IlyTeIIIeCTBHe
Tpo11xoro no EBpone •• c,nenano 6h1 B pexnaMHOM OTHO-
llleHHH lfeCTb H rpeTe rap6o, H IloJie HerpH: OHM, KpoMe
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• IIomumooqbl - repoH O.!IBOHMCBHoli nooecrH Cl>. M. PewCTHHKOoa

(1864 r.) - llpUM pea.
" To lKe caMoe MOlKHO CKa3aTb u o ero He.11aoHeli BblCblJIKe HJ IIapnlKa. ToJJnbl
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ewe 60J11>we ny6JJHKH.

318
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BepO.HTHOeTblO npe.nnoJIO:>I<HTb, 'ITO TaKOB KpeMJieBeKHM
yroBop HMeHHO .ZJ:JI.SI HHOeTpaHHbIX KOppeenoH,neiiTOB:
«Tb1, ToBapmu KnHM, 6y.neIIIh Bo:>I<,neM onno3HUHH, npo-
HHKHYTOM uauHoHaJihHbIM .nyxoM» ... Pa3Hbie eoo6pa:>I<e-
HH.H MoryT 6hITb y ITonHTHtJeeKoro 610po. .51 BeehMa
eoMHeBaIOeh, tJT06b1 CTaJIHH .nn.si: BO:>I<.D:.H HaUHOHaJibHOM
OIIIl03HUHH He Mor HaMTH .npyroM: .D:OJI:>I<HOeTH, KpOMe
noeTa rnaBhI KpaeHoil: ApMHH.
- «oy,nHOHH!» - TOp:>I<eerneHHO o6'h.HBJI.HeT ronoe
«eIIHKepa».
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,neHHbIM! B eaMoM .nene OH JaMetJaTeneH, 3TOT .npeBHHM,
notJBeHHbIM, HeH3BeCTHbIM 3ana.ny o6pa3. Bo Be.HKOM eny-
qae, 3TO HetJTO IlOMHHHOe Ha MaeKapa.ne: HaeTO.SIIUHM eon-
,naT epe.D:H pa6otJHX B reHepanheKHX MYH.D:Hpax. Ey,neHHbIM
y,nHBHTeJibHO He noxo:>I< Ha HHTepHaUHoHanHeTa H Ha
«eTpOHTen.si: 6y.nyruero». Xy,no:>I<HHK, KOTOpb1M: no:>I<enan 6h1
,naTb HJIJIIOeTpauHH K «BoM:He H MHpy», Mor 6hI e Hero
IIHeaTb .noe3:>I<atJero ,lJ;aHHny. 3To 6bIJI «IIO-yKpaHHeKH, B
eK06Ky o6CTpH:>I<eHHbIM, ee.noM:, MOpIUHHHeTbIH OXOTHHK, e
ruyTbIM apaIIHHKOM B pyKe H e TeM Bbipa:>I<eHHeM eaMO-
eTO.HTeJibHOeTH H npe3peHH.H KO BeeMy B MHpe, KOTopoe
6brnaeT TOJibKO y OXOTHHKOB ... HeeMOTp.H Ha TO 'ITO ,lJ;aHH-
na 6hIJI HeBeJIHK poeTOM, BH,neTb era B KOMHaTe npOH3-
BO,nHJIO BiletJaTJieHHe, no.n;o6Hoe TOMy, KaK Kor.n;a BH,ll;Hlllb
JIOIIIa,nh HJIH Me,n;Be.n.si: Ha nony Me:>I<,n;y Me6eJiblO H yeJIOBH.Sl-
MH JIIO,neKOH :>I<H3HH. ,lJ;aHHJia eaM 3TO tJyBeTBOBaJI H, KaK
o6hIKHOBeHHO, eTO.SIJI y eaMOM ,D;BepH, eTapa.Heb rOBOpHTb
THIIIe, He ,ll;BHraTbe.H, 'IT06bI He IlOJIOMaTb KaK-HH6y.n;h roe-
no.n;eKHX IIOKOeB, H CTapa.Heb noeKopee Bee BbieKa3aTb H
BbIMTH Ha npoCTop, m-no.n noTOJIKa no.n He6o». K 3TOMY
HHtJero He npH6aBHIIIh . .51 .noporo .nan 6b1, 'IT06b1 norn.si:-
,neTh Ha Ey.n;eHHoro Bo BpeM.si: 3aee,naHH.si: TpeTbero MH-
TepHaUHOHana HJIH IIOeJIYlllaTb era IIOJIHTHtJeeKYIO 6eee.ny,
HanpHMep, e KapnoM Pa.n;e1<0M.

3a npaBHTeJibeTBOM ene.nyeT ,ll;HilJIOMaTH'leeKHM KOp-

nye. JlIO,D;H Toro o6JIHKa, KOTOpbIH HeeKOJlbKO yeJIOBHO
npH3HaeTe.si: apHeT01<paTHtJeeKHM. Co BpeMeHH rpacpoB
MHp6axa H Epo1<,nopcpa-PaHuay eo3,n;anaeh HeIIOH.HTHa.si:
Tpa.nHUH.si:: noehIJiaTb B MoeKBY apHeTOKpaTOB. He eKpbI-
319
 BaIO: :noT ,lJ;ImJioMaTHlfecKHM Kopnyc Ha napa.n;e KpacHOH
ApMHH npe.n;cTaBm1eT co6oi1 3pe11HI.Qe H .n;oBOJihHO cMern-
Hoe, H .n;oBOJihHO )l(aJIKoe. CoBeTCKHe BoiicKa, pa6otfHe,
KOMCOMOJihUhI npoxo.n;si:T co 3HaMeHaMH. Ha.n;nttcH: «.[(0-
11011 KaIIHTaJIHCTHlfeCKHH CTpoii!» ... «,[(OJIOH MHpOBYIO 6yp-
)l(ya3HIO!» ... «.[(a 3.D;paBCTByeT BCeMHpHaSI KOMMYHHCTHlfeC-
KaSI peBOJIIOUHSI!» ... Iloc11b1 cMOTpsi:T H npHSITHO y11b16a10T-
cs1. 3atfeM OHH npHe3)1(aIOT Ha 3TH napa.n;hI, Ka3a11och 6b1,
OCKOp6HTeJibHbie H .D;JISI HHX caMHX, H .D;JISI HX npaBHTeJihCTB?
,[(011r c11yJK6b1? HttKaKoif KaTacTpocf>b1 He npoH30IIIJIO 6h1,
ecJIH 6 OHH He IIOJKaJIOBaJIH npa3.D;HOBaTb 15-JieTHe 0K-
TS16pbCKOH peBOJIIOUHH. B.n;o6aBOK MSI Tex, KOfO OHH
npe.n;cTaBJISllOT, KOe-lfTO B npOIIIJIOM MOfJIO 6bITb - H,
Beposi:THo, 6bmo - JIH'IHOH .n;paMoif. Httlfero He no.n;e11a-
ernh, .n;o11r c11yJK6h1. MMnepaTop <I>paHU MocMcf> .n;o KOHUa
.D;HeH He npHrJiaIIIaJI K ce6e MeKCHKaHCKOfO IlOCJiaHHMKa -
B MeKCHKe, KaK M3BeCTHO, paccTpe11si:11H ero 6paTa. ,[(pyrasi:
KpaifHOCTh. Ho, npaBo, Ta 6hma .n;ocTOHHee.
RnoHCKHH ocf>m~ep, npHSITHO y11h16asi:cb, CMOTPMT Ha
npoXOLl.SII.QHe no nJioI.QaLl.M TaHKH. R npeL1.nOJiara10, 'ITO B
HHX .D;JISI Hero HeT HH'lero HOBOro: MOJKeT 6bITb, M KOHCT-
PYKUHIO Mx 3HaeT? MoJKeT, MMeeT H cnttcKH, M qepTeJKH, H
cf>oTorpacf>tttt? Psi:.n;oM c BoeHHhIM areHTOM, Beposi:THO,
SllIOHCKHH IlOCOJI, TOT caMbIH, 'ITO BeL1.eT c JIMTBMHOBblM
CTOJib Kyphe3HYIO nepenMCKy: «MMpOJII06Me COBeTCKOfO
npaBHTeJihCTBa BCeM .D;OCTaTO'IHO M3BeCTHO ... » - «ll03TO-
MY coBeTcKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO O'leHb JKeJiaJio 6b1 3aKJIIO-
lfHTh Ll.OfOBOp 0 B3aMMHOM HeHana.n;eHHH ... » - «RnoHC-
KOe npaBHTeJibCTBO TOJKe O'leHb 3TOfO JKeJiaJIO 6bI, HO
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Jiora ... ». HeJib3SI c HHM He corJiaCMThCSI: BeLl.h M B caMOM
.n;eJie 6e3yCJIOBHO 3anpeI.QeHa! IlcHXOJIOfHSI SICHaSI, HO M
3a6aBHaS1: Bee KJIO'IKM 6yMa)l(KH He CTOSIT MeLl.HOfO rporna,
O.lJ.HaKO .D;Ba KJIO'IKa Bee :>Ke JIY'IIIIe (MJIH xy)l(e?), 'leM 0.lJ.HH.

3a SllIOHCKHM IIOCJIOM CJieL1.yeT, eCJIH He OIIIM6aIOCb,

repMaHCKHH.
B TY nopy, Kor.n;a 6eccMbICJieHHhIM, HO .n;ocTaTO'IHO
JKYTKMM memento mori npo3BylfaJI Ha Bech MHp BblCTpe11
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,[(MpKceH «npoLl.OJIJKaeT 6011hrnoe L1.e110 rpacf>a lipoK.n;op-
cf>a-PaHuay» . B repMaHMH npaBbie He CJIHIIIKOM JII06MJIH

' Y. :SpoK,11op<!i-PaH11ay H f. .lJ.HpKCCH - HCMCQKHC .!IHilJIOMaTbl nepHO,lla

BeiiMapcKoii pecny6nHKH, eeMeQKHe nocnbl s CCCP. - llpUM pea.

320
 «KpacHoro rpa<t>a», TaK 'ITO :ny rroxaaJiy Ha.n:o oco6eHHO
QeHMTh. reHMaJihHaSI M,[(eSI BpoK,n:op<t>a-PaHQay, KaK M3Be-
CTHO, 3aKJIIO'laJiaCh B TOM, 'IT06hI MCIIOJih30BaTh CoBeTC-
KYIO PoccMIO B 6oph6e c 3ana,n:HhIMM .n:epJKaBaMM, KaK
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'IT06hl OTBJie'lh ee OT repMaHMM. Ha rJiy6oKOMhICJieHHOM
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O'leHh 60JihIIIOH BhrnrphIIII. Ho OHM Bephl He TepSIIOT,
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TOM CTapOH 6MCMapKOBCKOH IIIKOJihI» - BhipaJKeHMe TOJKe
He COBCeM SICHoe: OHCMapK TeprreTh He Mor ,[(HIIJIOMaTOB H
He CTaBHJI MX HH B rpoIII («IIOCJihl ,[(OJIJKHhl MHe IIO,[('IM-
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B3BeCHJIH CHJihI: M CMJIY HhIHeIIIHeH repMaHHM, H CBOIO
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R IlMCaJI B CBOe BpeMSI, 'ITO BOnpoc, CTOSllllMH nepe.n;
repMaHMeH, CBO,ll;HTCSI K CJie,n;yI-OllleMy: ,ZJ;aCT JIM «CaMaSI
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caMhIM cosepIIIeHHhIM ,n;eMoKpaTMtJecKMM cnoco6oM? Te-
neph OTBeT S1CeH: .n;aJia. Bo3MOJKHO, pa3yMeeTcSI, 'ITO 3TO
M He OKOH'laTeJihHhIH OTBeT, - HM'lero OKOH'laTeJihHOro B
rroJIMTMKe He 6hrnaeT. Ho Toro, 'ITO CJIY'IMJIOCh, .n;ocTaTo'l-
HO. «3asoeBaHMSI BeJIMKOH 3IlOXM», KaK roBOpHJI B 1919 ro-
.n;y O,ll;MH M3 BOJK,ZJ;eH repMaHCKOH COQMaJI-,ZJ;eMOKpaTHM,
Teneph snoJIHe BhrnCHMJIMCh. KapJI MapKc 3aaemaJI co-
QHaJI-,n;eMoKpaTaM: ~<B napJiaMeHTe He rpo3HTh yJIH'IHhIMM
6appHKa,n;aMM, a Ha yJIMQe He secTM ce6S1 napJiaMeHTap-
HO». 3Toro 3aBeTa OHM He BhIIIOJIHMJIH - Bor MM cy,n;h.H:
MOJKeT 6bITh, H He MOfJIM BhIIlOJIHMTh. Bo BCSIKOM cJiy'lae,
rJiaBHhie 3asoeaaHMS1 HaJIMQO. Eme He,n;aBHO HaMBHhIH Mc-
TOpMK 3aMeTHJI: «B 1913 ro.n;y MMp IlOXO,ll;HJI Ha nopoxo-
BOH norpe6» .•. To JIM .n;eJio Teneph!
BHcMapK nMcaJI Ha CKJIOHe ,n;Heii: «Ha ,n;yIIIe y MeHSI

• K. <t>oa Illneiixep ( 1882-1934) - aeMeIUCHii reaepaJJ, peiixcKaannep repMa-

HHH nepe.n npHXO.!IOM K BJiaCTH rarnepa. A. ryrea6epr (1865-1951) - KpYDHblii
KanHTaJIHCT, DOJIHTHK, 4>aHaHCHpOBaJJ HaIIHOHaJJ-CO~HaJIHCTCKYJO napTHIO. -
llpUMpeiJ.
11-5317
321
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ce6a. JI c.n;eJiaJI MHOro, MHOro 3Jia. JI 6hrn BHHOBHHKOM
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ThICa'I qeJIOBeK Ha noJiaX cpaX<eHHH; HX Tenepb onJiaKH-
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MapKa BeJihlIIHHrep B CHMBOJIH'leCKOM OCBem;eHHH onHChl-
BaJI H ero CMepTb: «B cy66oTy 30 HIOJia 1898 ro,n;a OKOJIO
Tpex qacoB HatfaJiaCh aronHa. B 3TO BpeMa 6ypa pa3-
pa3HJiach Ha CeBepHoM Mope. l>eIIIeHhIH BeTep BphIBaJica
B OKHa 3aMKa H CTOHaJI MeX<,n;y COCHaMH orpOMHOro Jieca.
B O,D;HHHa,D;I.~aTh tfaCOB Be'lepa KHa3h no.n;HaJica Ha nocTe-
JIH, no,n;nec pyKH K JIHQY, TO'IHO 3am;Hm;aach OT xaKoro-To
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C,n;eJiaeM nonpaBKY Ha Kpacnopeque, Bee X<e 3TO, no
Kpautteii: Mepe B TeopHH, MOrJIO 6bI 6bITh HHTepeCHO
coBpeMeHHhIM KaH.n;H.D;aTaM B l>HcMapKH. B,n;o6aBoK Ma-
JieHhKHe, ,n;eIIIeBeHhKHe BOHHhl Toro BpeMem1, KaK BCeM
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Teneph o6em;aIOT naM crrel.lHaJIHCThI: KaX<eTca, BnepBhie B
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po OTCTaBaTh OT cpe,n;cTB Hana,n;enHa. OT HaJieTa B03.D:YIII-
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IIIHM COBpeMeHHbIM rocy,n;apCTBaM. «MCTOpHa Y'IHT TOMy,
1 1To oHa HH'leMy He Y'IHT». Ho xoTh OT XHTpoyMHhIX
CTaBOK Ha «pyccKyIO KapTy» MOrJIH 6bl OTKa3aTbCa Hbl-
HeIIIHHe MaKHaBeJIJIH MHHHCTepcKHX Ka6utteToB - «nHr-
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3,n;ech Heo6xo,D;HM, O'leBH,D;HO, npe,n;MeTHhIH ypoK, -
BOT KaK B HeMeQKHX TpaMBaax BHCaT KapTHHKH c H306-
paX<eHHeM 'leJIOBeKa, Hey,n;a'IHO COCKO'IHBIIIero Ha xo,n;y c
nJiom;a,n;KH H pacTattyBIIIeroca Ha MOCTOBOH. Ha.n;nHch:
«TaK tfaCTO KOH'laeTCa COCKaKHBaHHe». Ilpe,n;ycMOTpH-
TeJibHhlH Hapo,n;. EcJIH 6 oH 6hIJI TaK X<e npe,n;ycMoT-
pHTeJieH B IlOJIHTHKe!..

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O'leHh 6JIH3KH OT OKpyX<eHHbIX Hapo,n;HOH JII060Bhl0 BOX<-
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,n;aH - IlOCMOTpHM B TOT dies irae·, Kor,n;a OHH nocpbIBaIOT
c ce6a MaCKH. O.n;naKo y Metta Bne'laTJieHHe: JIIO.D;H -

' ,lleuh rneea ( 1tam.)

322
 ,ll;a)J(e Te, 6pHTble, KOMeOMOJibeKoro BH,ll;a, - mo6y10TeH
napa;::i;oM HeKpeHHe, KaK n1060Banaeb 61>1 <l>pam.i;yJeKa»
Tonna. KaJanoeb 61>1, no'leMy? KoHe'IHO, KpaeHa» ApMHH
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noHHMaHHH oHa He 6on1>llle KaK ne'laJihHaH ueo6xo;::i;H-
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JII06oBaTbeH eIO He npuxo;::i;uTeH. 3TO xopOlIIO MH KaKOH-
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;::i;yMaIO, Bee, ue HeKJIIO'la}I p}l,ll;OBblX KOMMYHHeTOB, TOe-
KYIOT no KBapTHpe 6eJ ynJioTuenHii H 6eJ «)KHJinnoma;::i;m>,
no 6aKaneiiuoii JiaBKe 6eJ XBOeTOB H 6eJ KapTO'leK, no
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JIHOHOB n10;::i;eii. He TaK Tpy;::i;uo Ka)K,ll;OMY HJ uae Mb1eneu-
uo ee6}1 nepeueeTH B HX )KHJHeHHhie yenoBH}I. Muoroe
BH,ll;eJIH H Mbl eaMH ,ll;O 3MHrpaQHH.
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eKaJaTb, epe,ll;H n10;::i;eii, npaB}llQHX Tenepb B MHpe -
uanpHMep, B qexoenoBaKHH, Ilonbllle, HenaHHH, KaTano-
HHH, Hpnan;::i;HH (H B PoeeHH), - qpeJBbI'laiiuo Mnoro
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6eJJa6oTHOH, KaK y nTH'IKH, pa;::i;oeTHOH )KHJHH ua qy)K-
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Maumf>ecTaHTOB nepe;::i; MaBJoneeM JleHHHa, eTOHJIO - o,
;::i;a KaK eTOHJIO! - eTaTb «ynpXJIHKOM», XOTH 6bl H ua
;::i;onrHe ro;::i;L1.
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poHe )J(HJHH, HeBJfO,ll;bl KOTOpOH TaK nerKO H 6o;::i;po nepe-
HOe}IT HJ,ll;aJIH Ja eoBeTeKHX rpa)K;::i;au ne;::i;H AeTop H ;::i;py-
323
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JIOHOB. CBou yroJI HMeeT Be.n;h u npHMoe, u CHMBomrqec-
Koe 3Haqettue. He npuxo,n;uTcH y.n;uBJIHThCH u ToMy, qTo
qeJIOBeKa, KOToporo IlHTHa,[(l(aTb JieT H B JKH3HH, H B
ra3eTe, u B KHHrax, u co cQeHhI, u c 3KpaHa nuq1<a1-0T
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60 «6ypJKya3HaH MeJio.n;paMa», mr6o cQeHhI H3 JKH3HH
aKyJI KanHTaJIH3Ma, - KOHeqHo, c o6JIHqHTenhHOU l(eJibl-0.
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aKyJihI KanttTaJIH3Ma, TO npHcTerHBaI-OTCH aouHa, npHTo-
HhI, 6aH.D;HTbl. qTO-TO TaKoe BKJieHJIH H B «IlyTeBKY B
JKH3Hh», - B,n;o6aBOK COBeprneHHO Bpa3pe3 c TeH,n;eH11Heu
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1<axou-To - aepoHTHo, cJiyqauHo oKa3aBrnttucH B CCCP-
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B yrJiax r.n;e-To ecTh TauHHKH,

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324
 MaB30Jiee; 3.D:eCb H repMaHHSI, H AMepHKa, H ErHneT.
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M1:1pa60 roBopHn:
a
«Trop souvent le danger rallie la domination absolue;
.
et, dans le sein de l'anarchie, un despote meme parait un
sauveur».
M1:1Mo MaB3oJieSI rrpoxo.n1:1T co 3HaMeHaMH n1:1Ky10m1:1il:
Hapo.n. 11opa3HTeJibHoe coBrra.neHHe B TOM, KaK Bb1pa)l(a-
eTCS1 JIHKOBaHHe. Ha.nrrHcM: «Y Hae ITSITHJieTKa B1>monHeHa
B 'IeTbipe ro.na» ... «Mhl BhlilOJIHHJIH nSITHJieTKY B TPH ro.na
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no3a6oTHThCSI o rrpaB.norro.no61:11:1.
B KaKoil:-To npoQeccMH M.D:YT noqTeHHhle ce.nhle cTap1:1-
KH. BepoSITHO, coBeTCKHe y'IeHhle. Be.D:Hhle JIIO.D:H, caMhie
Hec'IaCTHhie 1:13 Bcex!

• «CJJHWKOM 'laCTO onaCHOCTb MHpHT c 6e3rpaHH'IHOH BJJaCTblO; B nopy

aHapXHH H .11.ecnoT KallCeTCll cnaCHTeJJeM» ((fip.).

325
 MHoro neT TOMY Ha3a.n;, B nopy cTpaurnoro rono.n;a,
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MOCKOBCKHX KBapT:up co6panach CTapa.sI rnap,n;:u.sI pyccKOH
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mo.n;eii y)l{e HeT B )l{:UB1>1x; HeK0Top1>1e 6hIJIH paccTpemmhl.
C TOH nopbl MHoroe H3MeHHJIOCL. HaM, 3M:urpaHTaM,
HHKOrO cy,n;HTb He np:uxo,n;HTC.sl.
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qyT1> ru;yp.sicL, c nerKoii ycMernKoii cMoTpHT Ha napa.n;. B
B03.n;yxe HOC.sITC.sI a3pOIIJiaHLI, :u,n;yT 6poHeBble aBTOMo6:u-
JIH, Hapo.n; JIHKyeT. BpaBypHo-noxopoHHa.si Meno.n;:u.si 3a)l{H-
raeT cep.n;Qa:
Sonne aujourd'hui le glas, bourdon
de Notre-Dame,
Et demain, le tocsin!*

• «rpeMH cerO.!Ulll noxopOBllYM 3BOBOM, ICOJIOICOJI, a 38BTpa y.11.apL B Ha6aT»

(nozo) - (ifip.).
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329
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reHHaJibHYIO pacoByJO TeopHIO!
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' CeaCTHKa - HllJIYCCKoro npoHCXOJK.nCHHll (no .upyrHM yKa3aHHllM - ern-

nCTCKoro).- llpUM. pei>.

330
 «Ka)K.ZJ:a}I <Ppa3a ero peq:u, - nmneT oqee:u.n:e11;•, - npe-
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BC}IKOM 60JibIIIOM .ZJ:BH)KeHHH, KaKOBO 6bI OHO HH 6bIJIO,
ecTb 6ecnpecTaHHO noBTOp}IJOil.l;HHC}I neHTMOTHB. Pa3Hbie
:no 6bIBaJOT JieHTMOTHBbl - MHOrHe H3 HHX HaM oco6eH-
HO naM}ITHbI: «6e3 auHeKCHH H KOHTpH6yIJ;HH», «BCSI
snacTb CoseTaM», «6paTaHHe TPYA}IIl.l;HXCSI», «rpa6h Ha-
rpa6neHHoe». JleHTMOTHB rHTJiepOBil.l;HHbl 6onee CJIO)K-
HbIH: «repMaHcKa}I apMHSI no6e:>K.n:ana Ha scex cppoHTax,
HO repMaHCKa}I peBOJIJOIJ;H}I BOH3HJia eif KHH:>KaJI B CilH-
Hy!» - OTCJO,[{a .n:enaJOTCSI BblBO,[{bl, TO:>Ke BCeM H3BeCTHble.
JI03ynrn Jien:uHa B 1917 ro.n:y 6bIJIH eui;e nyqrue, no :u
3TOT IlpHAyMaH He.n:ypHO. rHTJiep o6parn;aeTC}I npeHMy-
rn;eCTBeHHO K MOJIO,[{e:>KH, KOTOpasi B BOHHe He yqacTBOBa-
Jia H 3HaeT 0 neif Mano. y MOJIO,[{blX neMIJ;eB OCTaJIOCb 0
co6bITH}IX 1914-1918 ro.n:oB o6IIJ;ee Bile'IaTJieHMe, KOTO-
poe IlO'ITH COBna.n:aeT C TeM, 'ITO rOBOpHT rHTJiep. rep-
MaHCKHe BOHCKa B caMoM .n:ene no6e:>K.n:anH na scex cppon-
Tax. IloTOM BCilbIXHyJia peBOJIJOIJ;H}I - H Bee nor:u6no.
3Ha'IHT, repMaHHJO nory6HJIH JIJO,[{H, HbIHe CTO}IIIJ;He y
snacTH. XpoHonor:ueif Mono.n:e:>Kb He JaHHMaeTC}I, a 6e3
xpOHOJIOrHH KaK ,[{OKa3aTb, 'ITO B YTBep:>K.n:eHHH rHTJiepa
HeT HH CJIOBa npaB,[{bI?

II.
JlJOL{H, CTO}IIIJ;He y BJiaCTH B repMaHHH CO BpeMeHH
peBOJIJOIJ;HH 1918 ro.n:a, COBepIIIHJIH MHOro OIIIH60K, H
rpexos Ja HHMH 3Ha'IHTC}I HeMano. Ho B 3TOM rpexe OHM
HenoBHHHbI. HanoMHJO oqeuh KpaTKO ycTauoaneHHhie uc-
Top:ueif cpaKTbI.

' F. Hirth. Hitler.

331
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'ITO COJ03HHKH HaXO,USITCSI Ha KpaIO rH6enH; .n:a :no, KaK
Tenepb BhISICHSieTCSI, 6bIJIO H B caMOM .n:ene 6JIH3KO K
HCTHHe. CornJIIOCh, HanpHMep, Ha H3BeCTHYIO pa6oTy Ka-
nHTaHa Paiha, Bhirne.n:rnyro B 1922 ro.n:y. KneMaHco cKa-
3aJI noceTHBrneu ero .n:enerau.HH: «HaM ocTaeTCSI norH6-
HYTh c lfeCThJO!» Maprnan <l>orn ynopHo roBopHII H Tor.n:a:
«R npe.n:nOlfHTalO CBOJO Hrpy Hrpe Jiro.n:eH.n:opcpa»; HO
Be.Uh H 3TH CJIOBa He CBH,UeTeJihCTBYJOT 06 yBepeHHOCTH B
OOJIHOU no6e.n:e. «IlOJIO)l(eHHe 6hIJIO OlfeHh cephe3HO, -
nHrneT reHepan-Manop c3p <l>pe.n:epHK MopHc. - JleTOM
1917 ro.n:a y COI03HHKOB 6hIJIO Ha 3ana,UHOM cppoHTe 178
.UHBH3HU npoTHB 108 repMaHCKHX. B HalfaJie 1918 ro.n:a
lfHCJIO COI03HhIX .UHBH3HU ynaJIO .n:o 163, a lfHCJIO repMaHC-
KHX BblpOCJIO .n:o 175». Ilo3,UHeU BeCHOU IlOJIO)l(eHHe CTaJIO
ropa3,UO xy)l(e. «HacTynaTeJibHaSI CHJia 6pHTaHCKOU ap-
MHH 6hIJia BpeMeHHO CJIOMJieHa, - C0061lJ.aeT TOT )Ke
BOeHHhIU OHCaTeJib. - B rneCTh He,UeJib OHa TIOTepsina 350
ThICSilf lfeJioBeK H 1OOO opy.UHM»••.
JleTOM coJ03Hhle BoncKa nonylfMJIH lfeTbipecTa TaHKOB.
BocbMoro aBrycTa Halfanoch 6onhrnoe HacTynnem1e <l>o-
rna. 0Ho pa3BMBaJIOCh ycnernHo, o.n:HaKo Ha 6JIH3KYIO
no6e.n:y HHKTO He paCClfHThIBaJI. «061ll.ee MHeHHe COI03-
HHKOB 6hIJIO, 'ITO .L{JISI pellIHTeJibHOro HacTynJieHHSI npo-
THB HeMu.eB Ha.no )l(,UaTb 1919 ro.n:a, Kor.n:a CHJihHO yBeJIH-
lfHTCSI aMepHKaHCKaSI apMHSI».
B repMaHCKHX noJIHTHlfeCKHX Kpyrax HeO)l(H,UaHHhie
ycnexH coro3HHKOB BhI3BaJIH BOJIHeHHe. Cou.Han-.n:eMoKpa-
ThI, HaCTpoeHHhie B orpOMHOM 6oJibllIHHCTBe BTIOJIHe naT-
pHOTHlfeCI<H, BCe peIIIHTeJihHee HaCTaHBaJIH Ha TOM, lfT06bI
6bIJIO o6pa30BaHO napnaMeHTCKOe npaBHTeJihCTBO H lfT0-
6hl HM 6hIJIO npe.n:ocTaBJieHO B HeM TPH MHHHCTepCKHX
TIOCTa. 0.n:HaKO 0 B03MO)l(HOCTH KaTaCTpOcpbI Ha cppOHTe
HHKTO B repMaHHH H He ,UyMaJI. «)l;eJia CTaJIH Xy)l(e, OHH
cKopo nonpaBSITCSI. B o61ll.eM, Bee M.UeT He.n:ypHo» -
TaKOBO 6hIJIO HaCTpOeHHe. )J;ocTaTOlfHO CKa3aTh, 'ITO TaK

' :>KHoo nOMHIO :rro opeMll o IIcrrep6ypre. B ne6on&woM Kpyry 'IHTannc&

BOeHHbIMH cneunanHCTaMH AOKna;n.I. IlOMHIO AOKnaA renepana, nOTOM nepewei1-
wero K 6on&weBHKaM. OH y6eAUTenbHO AOKaJblBan, 'ITO COI03HHKH no6eAUTb He
MoryT - i1aii HM 6or TOilbKO cnaCTHCb OT pa3rpoMa. H Mbl, npmj>aHbl, AyManH
TO'IHO TaK lKe: ecnu He no6ei1nnu c Poccneii, TO KaK lKe HM no6eAUT& 6e3 Poccuu?
Bne'larnenue 6e3rpaHH'IHOii MOutH repMaHHH ewe ycHnHnoc& B MapTe 1918 r,
KOrAa repMaHCKHe nywKH Ha'lanH o6CTpenHBaTb IIapHlK co 130-KHnOMeTPOBOro
paCCTOllHHll, - 3TOT Blle3an11&1ii CKa'IOK OT 30-40 KHnOMeTPOB AO 130 nopa3un
soo6palKe11ne MHpa
" Sir Fredenck B. Maurice. «How the War Was Fought and Won».

332
 ,n:yMaJI eaM reHepaJI rocpMaH°, cpaKTlflieeKHH KOMaH,n:yI-0-
1.QHH BOeToqHoro cppOHTa, eqHTaBIIIHHe.si: s.n:o6aBOK O.UHHM
H3 B03M0)1(HbIX KaH,n:H,n:aTOB Ha .UOJI)l(HOeTb KaHU,Jiepa.
75-JieTHHH KaHU,Jiep rpacp repTJIHHr, H3BeeTHbIH cpHJIO·
eocp-HeOTOMHeT, 6bIJI Heno.n:xo,n:.si:I.QHM qeJIOBeKOM ,n:JI.sl na-
pJiaMeHTeKoro npaBHTeJiheTBa, Ha KOTopoe y)l(e eorna-
IIIane.si:, HJIH noqTH eornaIIIaJie.si:, BHJihreJibM. Bb16op HM-
nepaTopa oeTaHOBHJie.si: Ha Maxee Ba.n:eHeKoM. OH 6bIJI
npHHU. H JIH6epaJI - 3TO eoqeTaHHe Ka3aJioeh BHJibreJib-
MY II y,n:aqHbIM.
rpoM rp.si:HyJI 29 eeHT.si:6p.si:. J11-0.n:eH.n:opcp, BHe3anHo
npH6bIBIIIHH Ha HeeKOJibKO qaeoB B BepJIHH H3 rnaBHOH
xsapTHpbI, eoo6I.QHJI HMnepaTopy, qTo BOHHa npo:urpaHa,
lffO Heo6xo.r:t;HMO TOTqae npe,n:JIO)l(HTb eOI-03HHKaM nepe-
MHp:ue H Ha'iaTb MHpHbie neperOBOpbI.
BHJihreJibM 6hIJI eosepIIIeHHo nopa)l(eH 3THM 3a.si:BJie-
HHeM - OHO H ,n:JI.sl Hero 6bIJIO IlOJIHOH HeO)l(Jf.r:t;aHHOeTbl-0.
«K seqepy 3Toro .r:t;H.si:, - rosop:uT Hosax, - y HMnepaTo-
pa 6bIJI BH.ll; pa36HToro, BHe3anHO eoeTapHBIIIeroe.si: 'ieJIO-
BeKa» ... rpacp fepTJIHHr IIO.r:t;aJI B OTeTaBKy. flpH6blBIIIHH
B BepJIHH 1 oxrn6p.si: rrpHHU. Ba.n;eHeKHH 6hm HeMe.n;JieHHO
np:uH.si:T BHJihreJihMOM.
Maxe:uMHJIHaH Ba.n;eHeKHH He HMeJI 6oJibIIIOro rron:u-
THqeexoro OIIbITa, HO 3TO 6bIJI HernyrrbIH, paeey.r:t;HTeJib-
HblH :u Tpe3BbIH qeJioBeK. Coo6I.QeHHe J11-0.n;eH.n;opcpa, rre-
pe.n;aHHoe eMy HMrrepaTOpOM, IIOTp.si:eJIO rrpHHu,a: TaK BOT
K qeMy rrpHBeJIO HeeJibIXaHHOe yeHJIHe repMaHeKoro Hapo-
.n;a, Bee rro6e.n;h1, Bee BoeHHhie qy.z:i;eea! .. CrropHTb no eyI.Qe-
eTBY e reHepaJIOM, KOTOporo Bee rrpH3HaBaJIH rrepBbIM
BOeHHbIM aBTOpHTeTOM HaIIIero BpeMeHH, IIITaTeKHH
rrpHHU,, eeTeeTBeHHO, He MOL 0.n;HaKO OH peIIIHTeJibHO
BbieKa3aJie.si: rrpOTHB HeMe.r:t;JieHHOro npHH.slTH.sl rrpe.r:t;JIO)l(e-
HH.sl J11-0.n;eH.n;opcpa. TipHHU, Ba.n;eHeKHH, He IIOTep.si:BIIIHH
eaMoo6na.n;aH:u.si:, exa3aJI eoBepIIIeHHYI-O rrpaB.n;y: rrpoeh6a
0 MHpe H 0 HeMe.r:t;JieHHOM nepeM:up:u:u, rroeJiaHHa.si: eeii'l'.ae,
B rropy rrpo.n;oJI)l(aI-OI.Qeroe.si:, Hey.n;a'l'.Horo .n:n.si: HeMu,eB epa-
)l(eHH.si:, paBHOeHJihHa xan:uTyn.si:u,:u:u···. Ha.n;o xoTb HeMHo-
ro rro.n;o)l(.r:t;aTb! l1Mrreparop B03pa)l(aJI: J11-0.n;eH.n;opcp Ha-
eTaHBaeT. TipHHU, B y)l(aee OTKa3bIBaJie.si: OT IIIara, KOTO-
pbIH, no ero MHeHHI-O, 03HaqaJI r:u6eJib fepMaHHH.

' Max Hoffman. Laguerre des occasions manquees, s. 241.

" Nowak. «The Collapse of Central Europe», p. 227.
... feHepan focj>MaH roaopHT, 'ITO 3THM Tpe6oBaHHeM JI10,11eH.110J>4> OT,llan
fepMaHHro «XOJIO.llHOii HeHaBHCTH AHmHH, cl>aHaTH'ICCKOii lKalK.ne MIQeHHJI cl>paH-
UY30B H noMpa'leHHOMY YMY npe3H,lleHTa BHJii.coua» (crp. 244).

333
 Bo BTopoM qacy .UHH M3 cTaBKM rrpmmrn TeJierpaMMa.
BepxoBHOe KOMaH.UOBam1e H3BemaJio MMnepaTopa, qTo
eCJIH HOBOe npaBMTeJibCTBO 6y.ueT o6pa30BaHO .uo ceMH-
BOChMM qacoB Beqepa, TO c npe.UJIO)f(eHMeM nepeMMpHSi
MO)f(HO IIO,UO)f(,UaTb .uo 3aBTparrrnero .UHH, B npOTMBHOM
cJiyqae ero Ha.no c.ueJiaTh HeMe.nnenHo. Eme qepe3 noJI-
qaca rrpe.ucTaBMTeJib MMHMCTepCTBa MHOCTpaHHhIX ,UeJI B
CTaBKe noJiyqJiJI OT Jlio.ueH.uop<}>a npe.[{JIO)f(eHMe IIOCJiaTb
TeJierpaMMY COI03HHKaM HeMe,UJieHHO, ne ,UO)f(M)laHCb o6-
pa30BaHHH HOBoro rrpaBMTeJibCTBa!
Tpy.uHo noHHTh, qTo cnyqMJIOCh B Te .UHM c J110.ueH.uop-
<}>oM. Tio-BM.UMMOMy, ero .uyrueBHbie CMJihl He BbI,Uep)f(aJIH
qeTbipexneTHero HeqenoBeqecKoro HanpH)f(eHHH. 06 ::noM
KOCBeHHO CBH,UeTeJihCTBYIOT " II03,UHeMIIIMe BblCTYIIJieHHH
J110.uen.uop<}>a: KaK H3BeCTHO, OH yrropHO o6BHHHeT B Jaro-
Bope npOTMB repMaHMM 6JIOK, COCTOHinHM H3 pMMCKOrO
nanh1, BeJIMKoro BocToKa, <l>pam~HM, CTaJIMHa " «roc-
IIO)lHHa I'Jrn)leH6ypra». Bo BCHKOM CJiyqae, B Te Tparnqe-
CKHe )lHM YM M BOJIH 3HaMeHHTOro reHepana 6bIJIM HBHO B
COCTOHHMM yrra.uKa.
HoBhIM KaHunep BhI3BaJI no Tene<}>oHy cTaBKY M B
110CJie)limM pa3 BhICKa3aJI CBOH )lOBO)lbl: nocJiaTb ceifqac
rrpoch6y o rrepeMMpMH JuaqHT BhIBeCHTh 6eJihIM <}>Jiar. '.:ho
mar 6e3B03BpaTHhIM. HacTaMBaeT JIM Ha ::noM eepxoBHoe
KOMaH)lOBaHMe? 0TBeT 6bIJI: .upyroro BbIXO.Ua HeT.
TparH•IecKaH 6oph6a KaHunepa c eepxoBHhIM KOMaH-
.uoea1rneM 6b1Jia TeM caMhIM JaKoHqena. llIBeifuapcKoe
rrpaBHTeJihCTBO B3HJIOCh rrepe.uaTh rrpe3H.UeHTY BHJibCOHY
3HaMeHHTYIO TeJierpaMMy, KOTOpaH, BepOHTHO, 6bIJia Be-
JIMqaifrueii ceHcauMeii HoBeiirneii McTopMM. repMaHHIO eme
oKpy)f(aJI opeon qeThipexneTHeii Herro6e.UMMOCTM.
3Ta TenerpaMMa, )lOJl)J(HO 6hlTb, OKa3aJiaCh IlOJIHOM
HeO)J(M)laHHOCThIO H .UJIH BHJihCOHa. Ecnn conocTaBHTh
Me)J(.uy co6oii ero rrocne.uy10mMe HOThI, HCHO BM.UHllih, KaK
6hICTpo MeHHeTcH TOH rrpe3M.UeHTa. B rrepBoH HOTe OH eme
KaK. 6h1 rrepecrrparnMBaeT: .ueiicTBMTeJihHO JIM repMaHcKoe
rrpaBMTeJihCTBO roTOBO TOTqac 3BaKyMpOBaTh 3aHHThie ero
BOHCKaMH o6nacTn? OH ToqHo eme He coeceM rroHHJI
TeJierpaMMY repMaHCKoro rrpaBMTeJihCTBa MJIM He IlOBe-
pHJI eif. QqeHb CKOpo eMy CTaHOBHTCH HCHO, qTo 3TO
KamnyJIHUMH, qTo BOMHa KOHqeHa, qTo COI03HMKM o.uep-
)!(aJIM rroJIHYIO rro6e.uy. Bo BTopoif TenerpaMMe BMJihCOH
y)J(e roBopHT o HeMeUKMX 3Bepcrnax («illegal and inhuman
practices»), OH Tpe6yeT rapaHTMM, OH CTaBHT ycJIOBMH.
Bcero JIMllih HecKOJihKO .uHeii TOMY HaJa.u HHKTO He rro-
334
,nyMaJI 6b1, 'ITO e lepMaHHeH MO:>KHO roBOpHTb TaKHM
SI3bIKOM.
HaeTpoeHue eaMux HeMu.eB rroHSITb neTpy.nno. Bee
pyxnyno B O.LJ:HH ,neHb. BaJibTep PaTeHay BbleTyrraeT e
rrpoeKTOM levee en masse· - Ha.no 6opoTbeSI .no rroene.n-
Hen KpaHHOeTH. ,[l:eBSITOro OKTSI6psi B 6epmrn eHOBa npu-
e3:>KaeT J110,neH,nop<P. C11enaH Bepa B Hero noK011e6a11aeh,
HO OH Bee-TaKH nepBbIH H3 BOeHHblX aBTOpHTeTOB. 0KOH-
'laTeJibHbIH OTBeT BunbeoHy erne He ,naH. MuHueTp uHo-
eTpaHHhIX .nen Conh<l> B ynop enpaumBaeT renepana:
«Mo:>KeM nu MhI npo.n:ep:>KaTbesi erne Tpu Meesiu.a?» J110.n:eH-
.nop<P KpaTKO OTBe'laeT: «HeT!» H 3aTeM, B npOTHBOpe'IHH
e 3THM OTBeTOM, .n:o6aBJISieT, 'ITO K BeeHe y Hero 6y,n:eT
rneeTheOT TaHKOB. IlpHHU. 6a,n:eHeKHH He BbI,n:ep:>KaJI: JlIO-
.n:eH,n:op<l> eeTb J110,n:eH,n:op<l>, HO B TaKux yenoBusix npaBu-
TeJiheTBO :>KeJiaeT Bbie11yrnaTb MHeHHe H .n:pyrux repMaHe-
KHX IIOJIKOBO.LJ:U.eB. IlpHHU. Tpe6yeT e03bIBa BOeHHOro eo-
BeTa. JlIO,n:eH.n:op<P oeKop6JieHHO OT 3TOro OTKa3bIBaeTeSI.
Ilo-BH)'.(HMOMy, BTaHHe OT Hero KaHu.nep Bbl3bIBaeT B
I>epnuH reHepa11a lo<PMaHa, eTpaTenP1eeKue .n:apoBaHusi
KOToporo paeu.eHHBaJIHeb O'leHb BbieOKO •• ' H npoeHT ero
BbieKa3aTheH 0 IIOJIO:>KeHHH Ha 3ana,n:HOM <l>pOHTe. Ilo
HenoHSITHbIM MHe npH'IHHaM lo<PMaH B eBOHX soenOMH-
HaHHSIX HH'lero He eoo6rnaeT 06 3TOH eBoen KOHeyJih-
Tau.uu. BepoSITHO, u OHa uMeJia neeeuMueTutfeeKun xapaK-
Tep, uHa'le oTBeT Bu11he0Hy 6b111 6b1 ,naH .n:pyrou.
B eyrnHoeTu, noe11e naqana nepenueKu e npe3u,n:eHTOM
o npo.n:o11:>Kenuu BOHHhI roBopMTh y:>Ke ne npuxo.n:u11oeh:
Bepa HeMeu.Koro Hapo.na B no6e.n:y 6bma no.n:opBaHa, BO
Been eTpaHe Ha'lanoeh 6po:>KeHue, KOTopoe Teneph neno
MOrJIH uenOJib30BaTb )'.(JISI BoeeTaHHSI enapTaKOBU.bl (npe-
:>K)'.(e e HHMH paenpaBHJIMeb 6b1 3a 3TO KopoTKO )***. HeBo3-
MO:>KHOeTb yenernHOH BOHHbl OTHbIHe Bee 'lyBeTBYIOT SieHO,
H HOBOe eoBernaHue 17 OKTSI6psi HMeeT, no eyrneeTBy,
<l>opMaJibHbIH xapaKTep. J110,neH,nop<l> HeO:>KH)'.(aHHO Me-
HHeT TOH: OH OTpuu.aeT, 'ITO ero eoo6rneHHSI npaBHTeJibeT-
BY «HMeJIH xapaKTep OT'laSIHHSI», - HanpOTHB, IIOJIO:>Ke-
HHe Ha <l>POHTe BOBee He TaK IIJIOXO. «IeHepaJI H3BpaTHJI
nepeneKTHBy», - roBopuT Co11h<P. BeqepoM Toro :>Ke ,n:Hsi

• Onon'leHHe (rfip.).
•• BMCOKO CTaBHT ero H reHepan BeiiraH.
••• Bnonne B03MOlKHO, 'ITO arHTaQHll B fepMaHHH eenacb peBOnIOLIHOHepaMH H
paHbWe, 110 6on&woro 31Ja'leHHll OHa, KOHC'IHO, He HMena. He O'ICHb 6ecnOKOHnOCb
o Heil H repMaHcKoe npaeHTen&CTBO, no.zmeplKHeaewee .no6pble OTHoweHHll c
Holji<!>e (CTaTC-ceKpeTapb <!>oH fH111.1e xo.nHn K HeMy Ha npHeMM c KpacHoii rB03.!IH·
KOH e nernHue).

335
B TeCHOM Kpyry J110neHnop<l> 3aBBJUieT' 'ITO HaMepeH rre-
peBeCTH apMHIO Ha HOBbie I103HQHH - «Ha HHX jl 6yny
nep)KaTbCB CKOJibKO yronHo».
26 oKrn6pB rHHAeH6ypr H J110neHnop<l> rronytJ:aIOT
ay~eHQHIO y HMnepaTopa. Tionpo6HOCTH 3TOro CBHAa-
HHB no CHX rrop B TO'IHOCTH He BbIBCHeHbl. J110neHnop<P
)KanyeTCB BHnhrenbMY Ha cna6ocTh HOBoro npaBHTeJibCT-
Ba. MMrrepaTop COBeprneHHO OCHOBaTeJibHO OTBetJ:aeT, 'ITO
BepXOBHOe KOMaHAOBaHHe HeCeT HeKOTopyio OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb 3a IlOJIO)KeHHe. Me)Kny rHHAeH6yproM If J110neH-
nop<}loM, IlO-BHAHMOMy, rrpOHCXOAHT 6ypHaB CQeHa. Jlio-
neHnop<P rronaeT B OTCTaBKy. OnHaKo Terreph H 3TO y)Ke He
HMeeT 60JiblliOro 3HatJ:emrn. B TOT )Ke neHb BHJibreJibM II
rronytJ:HJI H3 renonno OT HMrrepaTopa Kapna TenerpaMMy,
HatfHHalOIQYIOCB CJIOBaMH: «,[l;OpOrOH npyr, KaK MHe HH
TB)Keno, B o6B3aH coo6mHTh Te6e, 'ITO MOH Hapon 6onh-
rne He MO)KeT If He XOtfeT BOeBaTb. JI He B COCTOBHHH
rrpOTHBHTbCB ero BOJie, H60 jl caM 60Jibllie He HMelO
HHKaKOH Hane)KAbl Ha 6narorronytJ:HblH HCXOA BOHHbl ... ».
qepe3 Henenio rrocne 3Toro B Knne scrrhIXHBaeT Boc-
CTaHHe, HatJ:asrnee repMaHcKyIO peBOJIIOQHIO. Ero, KoHetJ:-
Ho, MO)KHO paccMaTpHBaTb KaK «ynap B CilHHy», HO, BO
BCBKOM cnyqae, 3TO 6bIJI ynap B CITHHY y)Ke y6HTOro
'leJIOBeKa. 06pa3, Ha KOTOpOM - no Kpail:HeH Mepe Teo-
peTHtfeCKH - BblpOCJIO HaQHOHaJI-COQHaJIHCTH'leCKOe ABH-
)KeHHe, rrpencTaBJIBeT co6oil: tfHCTYIO <}laHTa3HIO.

III.
Anonh<P rHTJiep POAHJICB B 1889 rony B MaJieHbKOM
aBCTpHHCKOM roponKe :Spayuay, paCIIOJIO)KeHHOM y 6a-
BapCKOH rpaHHQbl H IIaMBTHOM HaM BCeM 110 «Boil:He H
MHpy». 0TeQ HbIHernuero rnaBbl paCHCTOB 6bIJI TaMO)KeH-
HblM tJ:HHOBHHKOM. OH yMep Torna, Korna ChIHY 6hlJIO 13
neT. CMepTb OTQa, qenoseKa nH6epanhHbIX B3rJIBAOB
(«rpa)KAaHHH MHpa», - BCilOMHHaeT caM rnTJiep), H3Me-
HHJia BCIO )Klf3Hb rHTJiepa. C AeTCKHX JieT OH XOTeJI CTaTb
xyno)KHHKOM, oTeQ )Ke Tpe6oBaJI, 'IT06h1 chm 11ponon)KaJ1
ytJ:HTbCB B peaJibHOM y'IHJIHW:e H co BpeMeHeM rrocTyIIHJI

• .6JJH3KHA B TO BpeMll K JI10.11.eHJ10Ptl>y DOJJKOBHHK .6ayep BDOCJJe,11,CTBHH

rOBOpHJJ, '!TO HYlKHO 6bl.JIO npe,!1,JJOlKHTb COI03HHKaM nepeMHpHe: HeMCIUCHii Hapo,11,,
TaKHM o6pa30M, YBHJleJJ 6bl, '!TO COI03HHKH cnpaBe,!l,JJHBOro MHpa He XOTllT! (Ralph
Haswell Lutz. «The German Revolution».)

336
 Ha cny:>K6y. QqeHh paHo nu
nep nonyqHJI nonHyIO cBo6o-
l1.Y - yMepna Hero MaTb, OCTaBHB ceMblO 6eJ cpel1,CTB.
BpOCHB peaJihHOe yqHJIHine, rHTJiep OTnpaBHJICSI B
BeHy. )l{HBOilHCH Ha11.o 6hIJIO 6h1 yqHThCSI oqeHh 11.onro.
IlocTynHTh B ApxHTeKTYPHYIO llIKony 6hIJIO HeBOJMO:>KHO
6eJ aTTeCTaTa JpeJIOCTH. I1ocnel1,HHe 11.eHbfH paJOllIJIHCb.
rHTJiep CTaJI MamipOM H TaK IlpO:>KHJI HeCKOJibKO JieT.
EcnH OH Kor11.a-JIH60 6y11.eT npHqHHOH MHpoBoif KaTacT-
p0<phl, TO qeJIOBeqecTBO nonnaTHTCSI OTqaCTH Ja 3TH fOlJ.bl,
npOBel1,eHHbie rHTJiepOM Ha BeHCKHX IlOCTpOHKaX.
CBOIO :>KHJHb rnTnep no11.po6HO paccKaJaJI B ll.BYXTOM-
HOH KHHre, oJarnaBneHHOH «MoSI 6oph6a». B Reif MHoro
«Teop1m», H TeOpHSI :na CTOJib :>Ke CKyqHa, CKOJib 6ecTOJI-
KOBa. Ho aBT06HorpaqmqecKHe rnaBhI BeChMa HHTepecHhI,
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paJyIOT <<epaHaTHKa» - IIOHSITHe BeCbMa Heorrpe11.eneHHOe.
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BO JHaKOMhIX eMy HeMneB. He JHaIO, rrorrynSipeH JIH OH B
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CTaBJIIO ce6e HHKaKHX IIOJIHTHqecKHX neneif H CTapaIOCb
co6n1011.aTb coBepllleHHoe 6ecnpHcTpacTHe. CKa:>Ky no3TO-
My, qTo rHTJiep qeJIOBeK Bbil1,aIOlllHHCSI. EMy Oll.HOMY B
COBpeMeHHOH repMaHHH yl1,aJIOCb COJl1,aTb 60JibllIOe lJ.BH-
:>KeHHe: KaK 3TO HH neqaJibHO, OH 11.enaeT HCTOpHIO.
He OT6hIB B ABcTpHH BOHHCKOH IlOBHHHOCTH, rHTJiep
nepeexan B M10HxeH. TaM ero JacTana BOHHa. OH JanH-
cancSI 11.06pOBOJihIJ;eM B repMaHCKYIO apMHIO. Ilo JaKOHY
OH, co6cTBeHHO, 11.on:>KeH 6hIJI 6hI BepHyThCSI B ABcTpHIO H
CJIY:>KHTb TaM. rHTJiep fOBOpHT, qTO He XOTeJI CJIY:>KHTb B
apMHH Toro rocy11.apcTBa, KOTopoe y:>Ke Tor11.a KaJanoch
eMy o6peqeHHhIM. BparH :>Ke ero YTBep:>K11.a10T°, qTo OH

' Ernst Ottwalt. Deutschland erwache. Wien-teipzig. S. 180.

337
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TeJibHOH cJiy)l(6e B ABcTpmr, rAe ero paccMaTpHBaJIH 6h1
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3TOT rpex rHTJiepa OlfeHb He3HalfHTeJieH. BoeBaJI OH My-
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3aMH. B TY nopy, KOrAa OH HaXOAHJicsi Ha H3JielfeHHH B
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3TO TPH OCHOBHbIX npeAMeTa HeHaBHCTH rwTnepa. Ho
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HaHTH pa3Be TOJJbKO y 6oJJbIIIeBHKOB. HeHaBHAHT rHTJJep
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MeHTa B PoccnH. 0Ha cKopee »BJJSieTcsi YAHBHTeJJhHhIM
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AhI, HMeIOm;He HeMQeB B KalfeCTBe BO)!(AeH H opraHH3aTO-
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ncKopeneH, a noToMy Pocc11si AOJI)!(Ha norn6nyTh: «KoHeu.
_espeiicKoro BJJaAbilfeCTBa B Poccttn 6yAeT KOHLI.OM H
pyccKoro rocyAapcrna».
HeHaBHAHT r11TJJep H «HHTeJJJJHreHQHIO». B OAHOH H3
rJJaB CBOeH KHHfH OH fOBOpliT 0 TOM npeHe6pe)l(eHHH, c
KOTOpbIM OTHOCHJIHCb K HeMy KaK K lfeJJOBeKy, He noJJy-
lfHBIIIeMy BbIClllero o6pa30BaHHSI. 3TH CTpaHHQbI AbIIIIaT
HenoMeJibHOH, )!(fylfeH sipoc'rblO. 3AeCh, no-BH,[(HMOMy,
o.una H3 xapaKTepHbIX qepT rMTJJepOBCKOfO ,[(BH)!(eHHSI.
Tenepb B HeM np11n11MaeT yqacTHe olfeHh MHoro BCeBo3-
MO)!(HhIX «.[(OKTOpOB cpHJJOCOcpHH»; HO BHalfaJJe xapaKTep
.[(BH)l(eHH» 6bIJJ HeCKOJJhKO HHOH. Ila.uepeBCKHH KaK-TO
Ha3BaJI 60JibIUeBH3M «BOCCTaHHeM JIIO,[(eH, He ynoTpe6-
Jlj(lOill;HX 3y6HOH m;eTKH, npOTHB JIIO,[(eH, ynoTpe6JJ»IOill;HX
3y6Hy10 m:eTKy». B TOM )!(e MeTacpopHlfeCKOM CMhICJJe

• Adolf Hitler. Mein Kampf. II. S. 316-318.

338
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6hIJia 6yHTOM IIOJIYHHTeJIJIHreHTOB rrpOTHB HHTeJIJIHreH-
QHH.

IV.
B Poccuu peBOJIIOQHIO iKJl:aJIH cTo JieT - u oHa rrpu-
uma BCe-TaKH BHe3aIIHO. B repMaHHH HHKTO peBOJIIOQHIO
Bcepbe3 He iKJl:aJI. CTparnHhIH y.n:ap TaK rroTpsi:c CTpaHy,
"ITO OHa, BepOSITHO, OT Hero He orrpaBHTCSI " tiepe3 .n:ecsi:-
THJieTHSI. Ecnu 6 BOHHa, BhI3BaBrnasi: repMaHCKYIO peBo-
JIIOQHIO, rrpo.n:OJiiKaJiaCb, f epMaHHSI rroru6na 6bI IIO"ITH
HaBepHoe. Ho y HeMQeB BOHHa KOH"IHJiach B rrepBwif iKe
.n:eHb peBOJIIOQHH - B 3TOM 3aKJIIO"laJiaCh orpOMHaSI pa3-
HHQa MeiK.ll:Y pyccKOH Tpare.n:Heif H repMaHCKOH.
BoeHHhie .n:eifcTBHSI KOH"IHJIHCh, peBOJIIOQHOHHbie co-
6hITHSI Ha"laJIHCh. B Te"leHue .n:ecsi:TH .n:Heif OTpeKJIHCh OT
rrpeCTOJia .n:Ba.n:QaTb IISITb repMaHCKHX MOHapxoB. 0TpeK-
JIHCb OHH rro-pa3HOMy, eCJIH He B IIOJIHTH"leCKOM, TO B
rrc11xonorH"lecKoM OTHorneHHH. BnJihreJihM II yexan B
fOJIJiaHJl:HIO, "lero 60JibllIHHCTBO HeMQeB .n:o CHX rrop eMy
He npomaeT (XOTb eCTb O"leHh 3HaMeHHTbie npeQe.n:eHTbl).
CaKCOHCKHH Koponh Bwnycnrn B033BaHHe K CBOHM no.n:-
.n:aHHhIM, CMbICJI KOTOporo MOiKHO IIpH6JIH3HTeJibHO rre-
pe.n:aTb cne.n:yIOID;HM o6pa30M: «MMeIO lJeCTb KJiaHSITbCSI,
.n:enaifTe, IIO)KaJiyifcTa, OTHbIHe Bee, "ITO BaM yro.n:Ho».
Ilpn6JIH3HTeJibHO TaK )Ke 3By"laJio B033BaHHe BIOpTeM-
6eprcKoro KOpOJISI; OH TOJlbKO eme .n:o6aBHJI, "ITO BbIBeurn-
BaTh KpaCHbIH cpnar y ce6si: He HaMepeH - B CBOeH l.lacm-
llOU K6apmupe MOiKeT o6oifTHCh H 6e3 KpacHoro cpnara.
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pa, HO HX npeeMHHKH IOMOpa H He OQeHHJIH 6bI, OHH 3TOMY
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3ao.n:Ho «COBeThl pa6o"IHX, KpeCTbSIHCKHX " con.n:aTCKHX
.n:erryTaTOB» (6aTpaQKHX .n:erryTaTOB, K COiKaJieHHIO, He
6hIJIO, MO)KeT 6bITh, 3TO CJIOBO TPY.ll:HO 6hIJIO rrepeBeCTH
Ha HeMeQKHH SI3hIK?). TaKHM o6pa30M, cJioBecHasi: rrpeeM-
CTBeHHOCTh ycTaHOBHJiach: )l;aHTOH rro.n:pa)KaJI f paKxy'
TpOQKHH - )l;aHTOHy, raa3e -TpoQKOMy.
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MaJIH peBOJIIOQHOHHbie MYH.ll:HpbI ycTaHOBJieHHoro coBeTc-
Koro o6pa3Qa. f aa3e yrneJI B OTCTaBKy; 36epT 6hIJI YMHblH
H .n:ocTOHHhIH "leJioBeK; IIIeif.n:eMaH pa6oTaJI, KaK yMeJI, -

339
 «OH MOr npeKpaeHO rOBOpHTb 0 qeM yro,nHO H 3HaJI Ha
naM}ITb MHOro peBOJUOQHOHHhIX rreeeH>>, - HeB03MYTHMO
nHeaJI 0 HeM B 1920 ro,ny aHrJIHHeKHH ny6JIHQHeT .LJ:xmp,n)K
lOHr·. Co6eTBeHHO, enae Tor.na repMaHHIO TaHHbIH eOI03
36epTa e reHepaJIOM rpeHepOM. IlpH IlOMOW:H ,npyrnx
JIIO,neii, qaeThIO Ka,npoBhIX oqmu;epoB, qaeThIO eou;HaJI-,ne-
MOKpaToB, OHH e,neJiaJIH rJiaBHOe: y6eperJIH eBOIO po,nHHY
OT 6oJihIIIeBH3Ma.
Hap}l,ny e '.HHM 6oJihIIIHM ,neJioM B o6b}ITOH ITO)KapoM
eTpaHe TBOpHJIHeh y,nHBHTeJihHhie He60JibIIJHe ,neJia -
KJia,n .[{JIB neHxoJiora H .[{JIB poMaHHeTa. MaJieHhKHe peBo-
JIIOQHH eMeHBJIHeh MaJieHhKHMH KOHTppeBOJIIOQHBMH .
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.npyry10. 0HH H Ha3BaHHB ee6e npH,nyMhIBaJIH 06b1qHo no
O,[{HOMY 06pa3u;y: «0pr3III» ( opraHH3aQHB JieeHoro eoBeT-
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«llleq»>, OH )Ke rJiaBa «BHKHHrOB», OH )Ke ,nyIIIa «CTaJib-
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TpHHa,nu;aTH JieT, OT KannoBeKoro nepeBopoTa·· .no rpoM-
KHX TeppopHeTHqeeKHX aKTOB, TaK HJIH HHaqe Be,nyT K
TaHHeTBeHHOH H eTpaIIIHOH qmrype :noro MOpeKoro oqm-
u;epa. «HaeMHhIH y6niiu;a!» - roBOp}IT ero Bparn. He
BH)Ky oeHOBaHHH TaK paeToqaTh 6e3,[{0Ka3aTeJibHOe 06-
BHHeHHe B npo,na)KHOeTH H B OTeyTeTBHH y6e)K,[{eHHH.
tJero .npyroro, a y)K <<H,neaJIH3Ma» B rroenepeBOJIIOQHOH-
HOH repMaHHH 6bIJIO BO Beex JiarepBX .noeTaToqHo - eeJIH
6 ero 6bmo HeeKOJihKO MeHhIIIe! KypT 3iieHep, yernHo-
BHBIIIHH B rroJiycpeo,naJihHOH EaBapHH nonyeoBeTeKoe rrpa-
BHTeJiheTBO e rrony60JihIIIeBHeTeKOH nporpaMMOH H e rro-
JIOYMHOH TaKTHKoii, 6hIJI n.neanneT. Ho y6HBIIIHH ero
rpacp ApKo 6bIJI TaK)Ke n.neaJIHeT. 0HH ,na)Ke H BhIIIIJIH H3
0,[{HOro HeToqHHKa - H3 poMaHOB lllnHJihrareHa.
rHTJiep He HrpaJI eKOJihKO-HH6y,nh 3aMeTHOH pOJIH B
IIIYMHhIX poMaHTnqeeKHx eo6hITHBX nepBhIX ,nByx neT rep-
MaHeKoii peBOJIIOQHH. .LJ:oeTaToqHo eKa3aTh, qTo Panhcp
JlIOTQ, HanHeaBIIIHH B 1922 ro.ny BeebMa o6eTO}ITeJibHYIO
ee HeTOpHIO, HH pa3y 0 HeM B CBOeH KHHre He ynOMHHaeT .
•: George Young. The New Germany, p. 31.
KannoBCKHH nyr'I 1920 r. - DOUbITKa KOH'rppeBOJIIOQHOHHOrO nepesopoTa
B repMaHHH Bo rnase c B. KannoM, 3. Jl10AeHL1opcj>oM H AP· - llpuM peiJ.

340
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CSI B MIOHXeHe H CTaJI npHCMaTpHBaTbCSI K .ueJiaM.
KaK-TO pa3 OH nonaJI Ha MHTHHr, ycTpoeHHbIH no.u
HOBOH, e:w:e HHKOMY He H3BeCTHOH <lmpMoH: HeMeQKasi
pa6oqasi napTHSI - HOBhie IlOJIHTH'leCKHe <l>HpMbl Tor.ua,
pa3yMeeTCSI, pOCJIH KaK rpH6bl. rHTJiep npHHSIJI y'laCTHe B
npeHHsix, ero <t>aMHJIHIO H a.upec 3anHcaJIH. qepe3 He-
CKOJihKO ,UHeH OH IlOJIY'IHJI H3Be:w;eHHe, 'ITO OH 3alJHCJieH B
HeMeQKYIO pa6oqy10 napTHIO, c npocb60H IlO)KaJIOBaTb Ha
opraHH3aQHOHHOe co6paHHe B Me6JIHpOBaHHbie KOMHaTbl
«Das Alte Rosenbad». rHTJiep, HeCKOJibKO 03a,UalJeHHbIH,
no)KaJioBaJI. Ha opraHH3aQHOHHOM co6paHHH oKa3aJIOCh
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JIO)KeH H yTsep)K,UeH npoTOKOJI npe.uh1.uy:w:ero 3ace.uaHHS1 -
opraHH3aQHOHHOe co6paHHe IlOCTaHOBHJIO Bbipa3HTb 6Jia-
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COCTOSIHHH KaCCbl, c 6aJiaHCOM B ceMh MapoK IlSITb,UeCSIT
n<t>eHHHrOB - opraHH3aQHOHHOe co6paHHe IlOCTaHOBHJIO
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nporpaMMHbie npeHHSI: nporpaMMbl B OTJIH'IHe OT npOTO-
KOJia H 6anaHca e:w:e He 6hlno. Ho nporpaMMY nerKo 6b1no
Bb1pa60TaTb.
rHTJiep HeCKOJibKO KOJie6aJICSI. Co6CTBeHHO, OH xo:ren
OCHOBaTb CBOIO rpynny H ,Ua)Ke npH.UyMaJI ,[(JISI Hee Ha3Ba-
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ce,UhMbIM. TaK B Me6nHposaHHhIX KOMHaTax «Das Alte
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CTBeHHble JIIO,UH: Be.Uh IlO,[()Ker ero 0,[(Ha)K,[(bl BOCeMHa,U-
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HecKOJihKO no3.UHee Hosasi napTHSI y.unHHHna csoe
Ha3BaHHe: OHa CTaJia HMeHOBaTbCSI HaQHOHaJI-COQHaJIH-

341
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o rnTJiepoBQax ,n:.C. Mepe)f(KOBeKHH: o6ey)f(.n.aTb HX H.D.eH
Bee paBHO qTo o6ey)f(,lJ,aTb H,lJ,eH eapaHqH, HOBOe H Ba)f(HOe
y HHX - :no Ta meMnepamypa, KOTOpyIO OHH e03,lJ,aJIH.
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napTHeH MOHapxuqeeKOH, TO no,l1,,l1,ep)f(Ka, OKa3bIBaeMa.SI eii:
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EpIOHHHr, IIITpe3eMaH H Mapxe HJIH .n.a)f(e MIOJIJiep H
rHJibcpep.D;HHf eBOHM npe6bIBaHHeM y BJiaeTH TaK rp03HJIH
3KOHOMHqeeKOMY eTpOIO H o6meeTBeHHOMY nop.S!JJ;KY rep-
MaHHH.
«JlIO,lJ,bMH pyKOBO,lJ,.SIT HHTepeebI», - npOHHQaTeJibHbie
eOQHOJIOfH .n.aBHO 3TO yeTaHOBHJIH, HeKOTOpbie e JiefKOH
pa.noeThIO no noso.ny Taxoro OTKpbITH.SI, .npyrue - c
eep.n.eqHbIM eoKpyI1Ie1rneM. HaI1IeMy noKoJieHHIO, 6hITb
MO)f(eT, npu.neTe.SI nepeMeHHTb nponHeH, He 6y,neM TOJibKO
Ha3hIBaTh 3TO nepeoQeHKOH 11eHHOCTeii:. Ha HaIIIHX rJia3ax
KaTIHTaJIHCTHqeeKHH MHp OKa3bIBaeT, HanpHMep, ycep.n-
HYIO TIOMep)f(KY 60JibI1IeBHKaM . .LJ:eJio, pa3yMeeTe.si, He B
TOM, qTo KaKOH-HH6y.n;h OT,lJ,eJibHbIH KaTIHTaJIHCT ypseT H3
MoeKBbl MHJIJIHOH Ha BblfO,lJ,HOH KOM6HHaQHH. 3To TO)f(e

' Richard Lewinsohn. L'argent dans la politique, Paris, 1931, p. 138.

342
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poTKOH Tparn"leCKOH HHTepMe,n::ueii. qeM 3aHHMaThCjf B
rrapnaMeHTCKOH EBporre JleHHHy, JI10,n:eH,n:op<l>y, CrnnuHy,
r:nTJiepy? EpbIHCKHe Jieca Bbipy6neHbI H B IIpSIMOM H B

343
 CHMBOJmqecKOM CMbICJie - npaB.na, Ha HalliHX rna3ax
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)l(ff3Hb nun.epa KaK BeJIHKOe JIOrHqecKOe CJie.!J;CTBHe BeJIH-
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BHTcsi: B TaKHX cnyqasi:x reHHaJihHhIM. A :na BeJIHKasi: H,nesi:
B .neHCTBHTeJibHOCTH .!J;OBOJibHO cnyqaH:HaSI «Ha,ncTpOHKa»
na.n BeChMa 11poqHbIM «6a3HCOM» XHill;HJiqecKOH HaTypbI.
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3pen», - roBOpHT y reTe 3rMOHTY repQor Anh6a, XHrn;-
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qeJIOBeqecTBO B 110CJie,nHee BpeMSI H,neT 110 BTOpOMY 11YTH
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3TOT qenoBeK - ChIH JIH6epana, cqHTaBillero ce6.si «rpa)l(-
,naHHHOM MHpa».

VI.
IlepBoe .neHCTBHe 80)1(.!J;SI paCHCTOB, rrpHBJieK1IIee K He-
MY B 1923 ro.ny He CJIHIIIKOM 6naroCKJIOHHOe BHHMaHHe
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1923 ro.na. B 3TOT Beqep 6aBapcKHH renepaJibHhIH KOMHC-
cap cI>on Kap ycTpOHJI rroJIHTHqecKoe co6panHe B 6oJih-
IIIOM Jane IIHBOBapennoH: cl>HpMbI «Burgerbrau». PoJih
cI>on Kapa B MIOHXeHCKOM .nene TaK H OCTaJiaCb He.SICHOH.
On oqeHh ne JII06HJI 6epnHHCKoe 11paBHTeJihCTBo, .na H
EepnHH Boo6rn;e. 0.nnaKo K rocy.napcTBeHHOMY 11epeBopo-

344
 TY ue CTpeMHJICR, XOT.H, BepO.HTHO, H ue npO'lb 6hIJI 6bI
BOCilOJib30BaTbCR rocy.n:apCTBeHHbIM nepeBOpOTOM, y,n:a'l-
HO ycTpoeHHbIM .n:pyrHMH. ECTb TaKHe CTHXH )l;eJiaBHH.H:
Les revolutions sont une grande affaire:
Courageux qui les fait, sage qui les fait faire·.
HaCTO.HW:ero croBopa Me)f(.ZJ:Y cpou KapoM H rHTJie-
poM, IlO-BH.ZJ:HMOMy, ue 6hIJIO: BeJIHCb TOJibKO ueonpe-
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.n:o BCeo6w:ero CBe,n:eHHR, 'ITO 3aJI OKpy)f(eH, 'ITO BbIXO.ZJ:
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JIHHr H cpou lllBeii:ep, 6bIJIH TYT )Ke apecTOBaHbI.
Bcne.n: 3a 3THM rnaBa uaQHOHaJI-coQHaJIHCTe>B npe.n:-
JIO)l(HJI <Pou Kapy, KOMau.n:y10u~eMy BOHCKaMH reuepaJiy
<Pou JloccoBy H rnaBe IlOJIHI.(HH IlOJIKOBHHKY 3eii:ccepy
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cepy nopTcpeJib MHHHCTpa noJIHQHH. CaM ou o6'h.HBHJI
ce6.H rJiaBOH HMnepcxoro npaBHTeJihCTBa c IlOJIHOMO'IHR-
MH .ZJ:HKTaTopa BCeH repMaHHH.
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IlOTOM IlOKa3bIBaJI ua cy.n:e, 'ITO npHH.HJI npe,n:JIO)f(eHHe no.n:
yrpo3oii: peBOJihBepa; xpoMe Toro, npHHHMa.H npe,n:Jio)f(e-
uue, ou no,n:MHruyJI JloccoBy u 3ewccepy. He Juaio, y.n:a-

• PeBOJIIOIUIH - :no BCJIHICHC npe.nnpHllTHll: OTBallCHhl Te, ICTO HX OC}'IUCCTB·

JillCT, My.nphl TC, ICTO HX .neJiaCT 'l)'llCHMH PYICaMH (ifjp.).

345
 JIOCb JIM cy11.y ycTaHOBMTb, nOll.MMrHyJI JIM 11.eikTBMTeJibHO
<PoH Kap.
Ha 11.0JIX<HOCTh KOMaH11.y10mero BOHCKaMM 6hIJIO Ha-
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6hIJI HMKTO - npe11.MeT HaCMerneK Bcex JOMOpMCTMqecKMX
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Ha3Haqemie.
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Kap BSIJIO OTBeTMJI, qTo oqeHh n03l1.HO, qTo OH ycTaJI M
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11.ena: MHOrHe repMaHCKHe MOHapxH TepneTb He MoryT
rHTJiepa (KaX<eTCSI, oqeHb ero He JIJ06HT H caM BHJib-
reJibM II). roBOpHJIH TaKX<e··, qTo pernHTeJihHO BbICKa3aJI-
CSI npOTHB 11.eJia H xapll.HHaJI <l>aynhra6ep, BbipaX<aBilIHH
MHeHHe BaTHKaHa. BcKope nocne Toro npHilIJIH H3BeCTHSI
H3 «6epJIHHCKOH KOHJOilIHH». 11MnepcKoe npaBMTeJibCTBO
co6paJIOCb B 12 qacOB HOqH H IlOCTaHOBHJIO npHHSITb
pernHTeJihHbie Mepb1: rnaBHOKOMaHll.YJOI.QHH peiixcBepa re-
Hepan cpoH 3eKT, KOTOpOMY 12 HOSI6pSI npe3HJ1.eHT 36epT
nepe11.aJI BCIO IlOJIHOTY BJiaCTlf, npell.JIOX<HJI 11.BHHYTb CBOH
BOHCKa na MIOHXeH. B 2 qaca 50 MHHYT HoqH cpoH Kap no
pa11.H0Tenerpacpy o6bSIBHJI rHTJiepa MSITeX<HHKOM. B coo6-
I.QeHHH reHepaJibHOro KOMHCCapa rOBOpMJIOCb 06 «06MaHe
qecTomo6HBhIX Mono11.qHKOB» ( «Trug und Wortbruch
ehrgeiziger Gesellen»). «3aSIBJieHHSI, BbipBaHHhie y MeHSI, y

• B. N. Liddel Hart. Reputations, p. 201.

" «Le Temps», 11 HOJ16pll 1923 r.

346
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30H IIMCTOJieTa, JIMIIIeHbl BCSIKOro 3Ha"leHMSI», - TeJier-
pacl>:upoBaJI reHepaJibHbIH KOMMCCap •.
BaBapcKMe BoiicKa :u MIOHXeHcKaSI rroJIMQMSI ocTaJIMCh
BepHbl BJiaCTSIM. «qeCTOJII06MBbIH MOJIOJJ:"IMK» rMTJiep
Bbl3BaJI Ha IIOMOI.L(b CBOM «IIITYPMOBbie KOJIOHHbI». 0.n;Ha
IIITypMOBaSI KOJIOHHa .n;eiicTBMTeJibHO rrpMIIIJia M3 PereHc-
6ypra IIOJJ: Ha"laJihCTBOM arrTeKapSI IIITpaccepa. reHepan
nIO.n;eH.n;opcl>, KOMaHJJ:OBaBIIIMH B CBOe BpeMSI He TaKOH
apM:ueii, cornacMJICSI BCTaTb BO rnaBe IIITypMOBOH KOJIOH-
Hbl r:uTJiepa - MHOrMe repMaHCKMe o<l>MQepbI, y"laCTHMKM
MMpOBOH BOHHbl, .no CMX rrop He rrpol.L(alOT 3HaMeHMTOMY
reHepany ero BOeHHOrO co.n;py)KeCTBa c 6bIBIIIMM MaJISipOM
M c 6hIBIIIMM arrTeKapeM.
flpOTMBHMKOM nIO.n;eH.n;Op<l>a Ha 3TOT pa3 BMeCTO <l>o-
IIIa M AneKceeBa OKa3aJICSI MIOHXeHCKMH IIOJIMQeHCKMH
o<l>MQep. IIITypMOBbie KOJIOHHhI JJ:BMHYJIMCh B QeHTp ro-
po.n;a. y 60JibIIIOH Ka3apMbl rrperpa.n;MBIIIMH MM .n;opory
oTpSI.n; rroJIMQMM .n;aJI 3aJirr. Y6MThie M paHeHhie noBa-
JIMJIMCh Ha 3eMJIIO. Bpar rMTJiepa 3pHCT 0TTBaJibT pac-
CKa3bIBaeT .n;a)Ke (BepOSITHO, cryl.L(aSI KpaCKM), 'ITO Ha
3eMJIIO IIOBaJIMJiaCb BCSI IIITYPMOBaSI KOJIOHHa BMecTe
C rMTJiepoM: Ha HOrax 6y.n;TO 6hl OCTaJICSI OJJ:MH nIO.n;eH-
JJ:Op<l> - «BOKpyr Hero 6bIJI TOJibKO B03.n;yx» ... 0TTBaJibT
TaK:lKe C006I.L(aeT, "ITO B CBOeH pe"IM rMTJiep CKa3aJI:
«nM60 3aBTpa B repMaHMM 6y.n;eT HaQMOHaJibHOe npa-
BMTeJibCTBO, JIM6o 3aBTpa Mbl yMpeM!» KoHeti:HO, rMTJiep
He yMep, HO, 6hITb MO)KeT, H He CTOHT nonpeKaTb qe-
JIOBeKa <l>pa30H, KOTopaSI B peBOJIIOQMOHHOe BpeMSI Ha
MMTMHrax MCilOKOH BeKOB TaK )Ke ynoTpe6MTeJibHa H
MMeeT TaKoe >Ke 3Ha"leHHe, KaK B IlMCbMax - «npe.n;aHHbIH
BaM» HJIH «C COBepIIIeHHbIM IIO"ITeHMeM».
nIO.n;eH.n;op<l> 6bIJI apeCTOBaH TYT )Ke, r:uTJiepy y.n;aJIOCb
cKpbIThcSI; ero apecToBaJIM "1epe3 TPM JJ:HSI B IIIrn<l><l>eJih3ee.
B <l>eBpaJie 1924 ro.n;a COCTOSIJICSI cy.n; Ha.n; BMHOBHMKaMM
BOCCTaHMSI. rMTJiep JJ:OKa3bIBaJI, 'ITO M <l>oH Kap, M cpoH
nocCOB 6hIJIM BCer.n;a JJ:YIIIOH C HMM. reHepaJI cl>oH nocCOB
B CBOeM IlOKa3aHMM cy.n;y C006I.L(MJI, "ITO rMTJiep .n;eHCT-
BMTeJibHO "laCTO roBOpMJI c HMM 0 co6bITMSIX, HO OH, cpoH
noccoB, 60JibIIIe MOJI"laJI. «BHa"laJie BCeM M3BeCTHOe YBJie-
KaTeJihHOe KpaCHOpe"IMe r. rMTJiepa IIpOM3BeJIO Ha MeHSI
CMJibHOe Bneti:aTJieHMe. 0.n;HaKO ti:eM ti:al.L(e SI ero CJiyIIIaJI,

• Wilhelm Kiilz. Zehn Jahre deutsche Geschichte, Berlin, 1928, S. 66.

•• Ernst Ottwalt. Deutschland erwache. S. 210.

347
TeM 3TO BrreqaTJieHl'le CTaHOBIWOCb cna6ee ... » reHepaJI
BeCbMa .sICHO .nan IIOH.sJ:Th, qTo rro.n KOHeQ rinnep «CTaJI
.neHCTBOBaTb eMy Ha HepBbI».
Cy.n rrpuroBopun ruTnepa K II.sITH ro.naM KperrOCTH.
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BHpOBKe orrpaB,naTeJibHoro rrpuroBopa. B .neucTBHTeJih-
HOCTH, KOHeqHo, UM 6bin0 rrpOCTO HerrpH.sITHO OTrrpaBHTb
B xperroCTb qenoBeKa, KOTOpbIH B TeqeHue qeTbipex neT
6hm BMecTe c ruH,neH6yproM u.nonoM repMaHcxoro Hapo-
.na. 3TO IIOH.sITb MO)KHO. QqeHh CKOpo 6hm BhmymeH Ha
CB06o,ny H ruTnep - CaM OH, BepO.sITHO, HaXO.ZJ;SICh y
BJiaCTH, pacrrpaBUJICSI 6hl HHaqe c IIOJIHTHqecKHMH Bpara-
MH, IIO.ZJ;HSIBIIIHMH BOOpy)KeHHOe BOCCTauue.

VII.
,[(eno He y.nanoch, HO OHO Morno KoHqnTbCSI nHatie.
MoMeHT 6hm Bh16paH y;::i;aqHo. IloqTn o.nHoBpeMeHHO c
MlOHXeHeKUM .nenoM repMaHeKoe rrpaBUTeJibCTBO orry6nu-
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0
•

paeXO,lJ;bl no 3TOMY 610.n)KeTy eoeTaBJISIJIH 6 KBHHTHJIJIHO-

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He eqnTanneh, xax Terreph He etinTa10TeSI rr<}>eHHnru). ,ll;o-
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nuoHa 871 TpunnuoH. Terreph Bee 3TO Ka)KeTeSI rnyrrhIM
aHeK,lJ;OTOM. Ho MbI 3TO Bu.nenu u rroMHHJIH. OT KBHHTHJI-
nuoHoB H KBa,npHJIJIHOHOB HeMQbl Tor.na JierKO Mornu
IIOJie3Tb Ha eTeHy, MOrJIH KOpOHOBaTh ruTnepa, MOrJIH
o6'hSIBHTh BOHHY <l>paHQHn, He HMesi UH a3poIIJiaHOB, UH
T.sJ:)KeJioH apTunnepuu.
IlpeeTH)K rnaBbl paeueTOB oqeHh rroeTpa.nan OT Hey.na-
qu MlOHxeHexoro .nena. KarruTaH 3pxap.nT rrpoqeJI B
M10HxeHeKoM yHnBepeuTeTe JieKQHlO, B KOTopoii roBopun
0 JaroBOpmuqeCKOH HeyMeJIOeTU ruTnepa, - 3pxap,nTy B
3TOM Borrpoee, KOHeqHo, u KHnru B pyxu (eaMaSI BOJMO)K-
HOCTh TaKOH neKQHH, KeTaTU CKaJaTb, .ZJ;OBOJibHO xapaK-
TepHa, BOT KaK eenu 6b1 y Hae B 1906 ro.ny MoexoBexuii
yHuBepcuTeT rrpurnacun CaBHHKOBa rrpoqnTaTb neKQHlO o
rrputIHHax Hey.natiu BoeernHHSI Ha IlpeeHe). IloToM Bee
rroHeMHory ycrroxounoeb. Xna.nHoxpoBue IIITpeJeMaHa

• «Le Temps», 15 uoi16pJ1 1923 r.

348
 (KoToporo Tor.n.a rpoM1rna 3a 6e3.n.eiicTBHe co~mLJIHCTH­
qecKaSI neqaTb) JJ.aJIO repMaHHH B03MO:>KHOCTb H36e:>KaTh
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THJIJIHOHhl, pacHCTCKOe JJ.BH:>KeHHe cTaJio cna.n.aTb. KoHeq-
Ho, caM rinnep, CH.lJ.SI B KpenOCTH, He npeJJ.BH.D.eJI, KaKOH
paCQBeT npHHeceT ero pa36HTOH napTHH MHpOBOH KpH3HC.
PocT ee B nopy KpH3HCa H3BeCTeH: BCeM naMSITHhI
6necTS1m11e ycnexH pacHCTOB Ha Bh16opax. Ha.no OT.D.aTh
.ll.OJI:>KHOe opraHH3aQHOHHOMY .n.apy rHTJiepa. ArnTaQHSI,
KOTopyw OH BeJI B nocJie.D.HHe ro.n.hl, He HMeeT, SI .n.yMalO,
npeQe.n.eHTOB B HCTOpHH: nepe.n. Hell MepKHeT H 60Jib-
IIIeBHCTCKaSI arHTa~HSI 1917 ro,ll;a. CKa:>Ky TOJihKO, qTo B
1931 ro.n.y paCHCTCKaSI napTHSI ycTpOHJia B repMaHHH 175
TblCSlq MHTHHroB; :no COCTaBJISieT B cpe.n.HeM 485 MHTHH-
roB B .n.eHh!° CBOHM opaTopaM napTHSI nJiaTHT, H IIJiaTHT
oqeHh He.n.ypHo. Onnaq11BaeT oHa H opKecTphI, H «IIITyp-
MOBhie 6pHra.n.hl», H3.D.aeT .n.ecSITKH ra3eT, orpOMHOe KOJIH-
qecTBO JIHTepaTyphl, ycTpaHBaeT CMOTpbl c nepe6pOCKOH
coTeH ThlcSiq nw.n.eii no :>KeJie3Hoii .n.opore. Pacxo.n.nhlii
610.n.:>KeT r11rnepa onpe.n.eJISieTCSI pa3HO - OT 200 .ll.0 500
MHJIJIHOHOB <PpaHKOB B ro.n.!
«Chi paga?»
3THM BOnpocoM «KTo IIJiaTHT?» B 1915 ro.n.y HTa-
JibSIHCKHe coQHaJIHCThI ueH3MeHHO BCTpeqaJIH MyccoJIHHH
H ero CTOpOHHHKOB, CTOSIBIIIHX 3a BCTynJieHHe MTaJIHH B
Boiiuy. Bonpoc HTaJihSIHCKHX COQHaJIHCTOB 03uaqaJI, qTo,
no HX Mneu1110, nJiaTHT MyccoJIHHH <l>pau~HSI, B Tecuoii
.n.py:>K6e c KOTOpoii ero Tor.n.a o6BHHSIJIH HhIHeIIIHHe au-
TH<l>aIIIHCTCKHe roCTH IlapH:>Ka.
IloJIHTHqecKaSI arnTaQHSI Tpe6yeT .n.euer; cosepmeuuo
6e3YKOPH3HeHHblMH cnoco6aMH .ll.OCTaTh .ll.JlSI nee .n.eubrn
Tpy.n.uo. EcnH rocy.n.apcTBennhlii .n.eSITeJih ue KJia.n.eT HX
ce6e B KapMau, TO 6oJibIIIe OT uero B EBpone 06h1quo H ue
Tpe6y10T. Ha116onee q11cToii B 3TOM oTuomenHH 6blna
noJIHTHqecKaSI :>KH3Hh B PoccHH. Cnyqa11 no.n.Kyna 6onh-
moii ra3eTbl HJIH H3BeCTHOro noJIHTHqecKoro .n.eSITeJISI y
uac 6hIJIH HCKJI10q11TeJibHO pe.n.KH. Tenepb nepBoe MeCTO
3aHHMaeT B MHpe AnrJIHSI. Kouequo, HHKOMY ue Morno
6hl npHHTH B ronoBy npe.ll.JlO:>KHTh B3SITKY AcKBHTY, K3Mn-
6eJih-BauuepMauy, Banh<PYPY HJIH Bon.n.sHuy. Ho napTHH,
K KOTOpbIM npHna.n.Jie:>KaT Ha3BaHHhle JIHQa, B 3HaqHTeJib-
HOH Mepe :>KHBYT cpe.n.cTBaMH, npH6JIH:>Ka10mHMHCS1 no
xapaKTepy K nOHSITHIO 83SITKH. 0.D.HH JlJIOH.ll. .lJ::>Kop.n.:>K 3a

' «Berliner Tageblatt», 30. Dezember 1931.

349
.ueHhrH no:lKanosan THTyn nop.ua 28 qenoseKaM, THTyn
6apoHeTa - 134, THTyn «Haiha» - 421. 3To .uano eMy
B03MO:lKHOCTh COCTaBHTh .um1 napTHH cl>oH,ll B ,llBa c nono-
BHHOH MHnnHOHa cl>YHTOB. Jlnoii.u ,[(:lKOp,ll:lK HHKor.ua H3
CBOHX MeTO,llOB CeKpeTa He .uenan H HeH3MeHHO B OTBeT Ha
ynpeKH roBOpHn, qTo 6e3 «napTHHHhIX Harpa.u» He 6y.ueT
H napTHH, a 6e3 rrapTHn B AHrmm HacTynHT xaoc. Kor.ua
nop.u Po36epH rreqaTHO norrpocHn rrepsoro MHHHCTpa yKa-
3aTh rrpoHcxo:lK,UeHHe ero .ueHe:lKHoro cl>oH.ua, Jlnou.u
,[(:lKOp.ll:lK mo6e3HO OTBeTHn, qTo c y.uosonhCTBHeM 3TO
c.uenaeT, KaK TOnhKO nop.u Po36epH coo6rn;HT, r.ue OH caM
,llOCTan cpe,llCTBa Ha CBOIO H36HpaTenhHYIO KaMnaHHIO
1895 ro.ua.
A.uonhcl> rHTnep He B3HTOqHHK H He KOphICTOnI06eQ, B
csou KapMaH OH .ueHer He Kna.ueT. HarrpoTHB, OH oT.uaeT
B rrapTHHHYIO Kacey Te orpOMHhie cyMMhI, KOTOpbie rrpH-
HOCHT eMy ero BhICTyrrneHHH Ha MHTHHrax: roHopaphl
rHTnepa rrpeBhllliaIOT WaflHilHHCKHe; OH He BhICTYITaeT,
ecnH ycTpOHTenH nnaTHOro MHTHHra He rapaHTHPYIOT
c6opa B rrHTHa,UQaTh ThlcHq MapoK. 0 COTPY.llHHKax ero
XO,llHT nereH,llbl - O,llHH H3 HHX 6y,UTO 6bI rrpHo6pen B
co6crneHHOCTh Ka6HHeT y6HToro PaTeHay!* (3To secbMa
HHTepeCHO H B qffCTO IICHXOnOrHqecKOM OTHOWeHHH.) CaM
rHTnep :lKHBeT 11pOCTO H K 6oraTCTBY He CTpeMHTCH.
Borrpoc o npoHCXO:lK.lleHHH ero cpe.ucTB HMeeT He Mopanh-
Hoe, a rronHTHqecKoe 3HaqeHHe.
B repMaHHH, .ua H B .upyrHX CTpaHax, oqeHb MHOrHe
,llyMaIOT, qTo rHTnepa CHa6:lKaIOT ,UeHbraMH HHOCTpaHHhie
.uep:lKaBhI. EcnH 3TO sepHo, TO KaKHe? Bb16op .uenancH
Me:lK.llY .llBYMH .uep:lKaBaMH. MopHc JlarropT HaneqaTan
,llOKyMeHThl, HK06hI CBH,lleTenbCTBYIOllJ;He 0 TOM, qTo ,lleHh-
rH pacHcTaM .uaioT 6onhmeBHKH • . OH rrpHnO:lKHn .ua:lKe K
CBOeH KHHre cl>aKCHMHne c npoTOKona TaHHCTBeHHOro 3a-
ce.uaHHH, 6y,UTO 6bI rrpOHCXO,llHBmero B 3arosoprn;HqecKOH
oficTaHOBKe Ha BHnne «PenTep» B rapMHm-flapTeHKHp-
xeHe. B 3ace.uaHHH npHHHnH yqacTHe rrpe,llCTaBHTenH rHT-
nepa H CTanHHa, cpe.uH nocne,UHHX H3BeCTHhIH ronh,lleH-
mTenH. flpoToKon cocTaBneH 6onhmeBHKaMH, Ha pyccKoM
H3hIKe, c pa3HbIMH TaHHCTBeHHbIMH 3HaqKaMH Bpo.ue:
«l1Ho, no ceKTopy A-r. ,[(n. 4». flpHHHToe Ha 3ace.uaHHH
pemeHHe nepe.uaeTCH TaK: «flo rrporpaMMe HeMQeB (A.u.),
HM Heo6XO,llHMO 1.800.000 MapoK B MeCHQ. floToproBaB-

• R. Lewinsohn. L'argent dans la politique, p. 137.

" Maunce Laporte. Sous le casque d'acier, Paris, 1931, pp. 314-322.

350
 lllHCb, COlllJIHCb Ha 1.200.000 MapoK, cornacHO HarneH
HHCTPYKU.HH. 3anpoTOKOJIHpoBaHo - 5 MHJIJI. eJl.HHOBpe-
MeHHO, Jl.0 16 aBrycTa H c 16 ceHTS16pS1 no 1.200 B MeCSIIJ. ...
<l>opMyJia Jl.Om1rna 6bITb nOJl.IlHCaHa BnocJieJl.CTBHH «.l:J:si:-
Jl.eH» c HarneM: cTopoHbI H AJl.OJih<pOM c HeM. cTopoHbI».
OpwnoJKeHa TaKJKe n03Jl.Heiirnasi HeMeu.Kasi pacnHcKa ca-
Moro «AJl.OJib<pa»: «200 lllTYK (Jl.BeCTH) nony'IHJI 3aJibIJ.-
6ypr, 19 HIOHSI 1930, AJl.OJibcp». KTo TaKOH «Jl.S1Jl.S1», SI He
3Hal0. «.l:J:BeCTH lllTYK», no CJIOBaM JJanopTa, 3TO Jl.BeCTH
TblCSl'l Jl.OJIJiapOB, «AJl.OJibcp» JKe, KOHe'lHO, rHTJiep (OH
Mor 6b1 Bb16paTb H Menee npo3pa'IHbIH nceBJl.OHHM). Pac-
nHcKa KaK paCIIHCKa, cpaKCHMHJie KaK cpaKCHMHJie, 3Ha'IKH
KaK 3Ha'IKH, HO 60JiblllOro Jl.OBepHSI 3TH Jl.OKyMeHTbl MHe
ne BHyrnaIOT: HX noMeJiaTb 6hIJIO MHOro npow:e, 'leM HX
COCTaBHTb.
Is fecit cui prodest•. HeJib3SI, KOHe'lno, oTpttu.aTb, 'ITO
npH 6naronpHSITHO CJIOJKHBlllHXCSI o6cTOSITeJibCTBax npH-
XOJl. rttTJlepa K BJlaCTH MOJKeT 6hITb BblfOJl.eH 60JibllleBH-
KaM: BJl.pyr OH, MM Ha paJl.OCTb, B caMOM Jl.eJle o6'bSIBHT
BOHHY <l>paHU.HH! 0Jl.HaKo 06cTOS1TeJibCTBa MoryT cno-
JKHTbCSI H He6naronpHSITHO . .l:J:o 06nS1BJleHHS1 BOUHbI <l>paH-
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pacnpaBHTCSI c HeMeU.KHMH KOMMYHHCTaMH. TaHHCTBeHHbI
nyTM KoMHHTepHa, HO TPYJl.HO noBepHTh, 'ITO OH C03HaTe-
JibHO rOTOB npHHCCTH B JKCpTBY BCIO repMaHCKYIO KOM-
MYHHCTH'leCKYIO napTHIO. BeCbMa MaJIOBepoSITHO H co-
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BHKOB.
BbICKa3hrnanocb B ne'laTH H JJ.pyroe npeJJ.nonoJKeHHe:
JJ.CHhrH JJ.aeT liTanttsi. TyT nac'leT «prodest» H coMneHHn
6bITb He MOJKCT. y <l>paHU.HH B HaCTOSIW:ee BpeMSI, B
cyw:nocn1, HeT BOCHHblX COI03HHKOB, tt6o Ka:lKJ].Oe COl-03-
HOe c HeH rocyJJ.apCTBO npH6JIH3HTCJibHO ypaBHOBCIIIH-
BaeTCSI noTeHI~HaJibHbIM npOTHBHHKOM 3TOro rocyJJ.ap-
CTBa: nonhIIIa - CoBeTCKOU PoccHen, qeXOCJIOBaKHSI -
BettrpHen H ABcTptteu, JOrocnaBH.SI - EonraptteM:. HaM
He3a'leM Jl.YMaTb 0 nepcneKTHBax CTOJIKHOBCHHSI <l>paHU.HH
c repMaHO-HTaJibSIHCKHM 6JIOKOM. KaK 6h1 TO HH 6bmo,
Jl.OKa3aTeJibCTB Toro, 'ITO liTaJIHSI OKa3bIBaeT Jl.CHC:lKHYIO
noMep:lKKY paCHCTaM, HaCKOJihKO MHe H3BCCTHO, HHKTO ne
npHBen. no CJIOBaM rHpTa .. , B H10pn6epre KaKaSl-TO
ra3eTa 6hIJia npttroBopeHa CYJJ.OM K IIITpacpy B IISIThCOT

• TOT C.llCJlaJJ, KOMY 3TO Bblf0.11110 ( Aam.)

" F. Hirth. Hitler, p. 148.

351
MapoK Ja coo6rn;emre o TOM, 11To Myccomrnu ,n:aeT .n;eHbrH
ruTJiepy; O):(HaKO B MOTHBHpOBKe 11pHrOBOpa 6hIJIO CKa3a-
HO, 1JTO pe,n:aKTopy BMem1eTCSI B BHHY :no coo6rn;eHHe
JIHlllh IlOCTOJihKy, IlOCKOJihKY OHO KacaeTCSI JIH1JHO ruT-
Jiepa: ecJIH 6hl ra3eTa HanucaJia, 11TO Myccomrnu .n:aeT
,n:eHhrH pacucTaM, TO pe.n;aKTop 6hIJI 6b1 onpaB,n:aH. K
COiKaJieHHIO, :noT cy,n:e6HhIH npou.ecc MHe H3BeCTeH JIHlllh
no ynoMHHaHHIO y rupTa, H SI He 3HaIO, Ha KaKHX $aKTaX
OCHOBaHa MOTHBHpOBKa npHrOBOpa.

VIII.
He,n:aBHO BepHep CTe$aH nyTeM CJIOiKHhIX BhilfHCJie-
HHii ):(OKa3hIBaJI, 1JTO ruTJiep, B JIYlfllleM ):(JISI Hero CJiyqae,
MOiKeT paCC1JHThIBaTb JIHIIIb Ha 35 npou.eHTOB Bcex H36H-
paTeJieii repMaHHH. He 3HaIO, BepeH JIH :noT pac11eT. EcJIH
OH BepeH, HaIJ,HOHaJI-COQHaJIHCThl He MoryT npHHTH K
BJiaCTH 3aKOHHhIM cnoco6oM. Pa3yMeeTCSI, BnOJIHe B03-
MOiKHa TaKaSI KOaJIHIJ,HOHHaSI KOM6HHaQHSI, npu KOTOpoii
11eJIOBeK, HMeIOIIJ;HH 3a co6oii 35 npoQeHTOB roJIOCOB
peiixcTara, 110Jiy11uT MHHHCTepcKyIO .n;oJiiKHOCTh. Ho 3a-
11eM rnTJiepy 6bITh MHHHCTpOM KOaJIHQHOHHOfO npaBH-
TeJihCTBa? K TaKOH BJiaCTH, TIOBTOpSIIO, OH Mor 6bl npHHTH
u 6oJiee npocThIM nyTeM. Be,n:h OH B caMoM ,n:eJie «no,n:HSIJI
Axepom> - no JII06HMOH I.J;HTaTe noJIHTHKOB, 110Jiy11uB-
rnux KJiaccu11ecKoe o6pa3oBaHue. HuKaK He CTOHJIO no.n:-
HHMaTh AxepoH ,n:JISI Toro, 11T06hl y110,n:o6HThCS1 BeChMa
MHOrOlfHCJieHHhIM H BeChMa o6bIKHOBeHHhIM MHHHCTpaM,
AxepoHa He no,n:HHMaBIIIHM. Pa3Hhie .n:oporn Be,n:yT B <Pa-
rnucTCKHH PHM, HO, OlfeBH):(HO, ):(HKTaTypa rnTJiepy Heo6-
XO):(HMa. Kapbepa napJiaMeHTCKOro MHHHCTpa npeBpaTH-
Jia 6bI ero iKH3Hh B MaJIOHHTepeCHhIH aHeK,[(OT.
OcBaJih.D: lllneHrnep, EoccI03 repMaHcKoil: <PuJioco<Puu,
cKa3aJI B cBoe BpeMSI, 11To KapJI MapKc yMep. B 6JieCTSI-
rn;ux cTpaHuu.ax, nocBSIIIJ;eHHhIX u,n:eil:Hoil: cMepTH MapKca,
lllneHrJiep OlfeHh TaJiaHTJIHBO roBOpHJI 0 TOM, 1JTO CHJia
MapKCH3Ma 6hIJia B ero noBepxHOCTHOH o6rn;e,n:ocTynHO-
CTH: HMeHHO 6Jiaro,n:apSI eil: pa6011ue BCex CTpaH MHpa
rOBOpSIT Ha S13hIKe MapKca H .n:yMaIOT ero TIOHSITHSIMH.
MHe KaiKeTCSI, lllneHrJiep roBopHJI 06 3TOM He 6e3 3aBH-
CTH: eMy H caMOMY XOTeJIOCh 6hl, 1JT06bI .n:ecSITKH MHJI-
JIHOHOB JIIO,n:eil: roBOpHJIH Ha Sl3bIKe lllneHrJiepa. «Mhl,

352
noJ,n:mre mo.n:w 3ana,n:a, MbI cTaJm cKenTHKaMH. Ha.n: w,n:e-
onorw1ecKHMH CHCTeMaMH Mbl He CTaHeM JIOMaTb roJIOBbl.
TiporpaMMbI npwHa,n:Jie)J(aT npornnoMy BeKy. HaM HY)J(Ha
TBep.n:ocTb, HaM Hy)J(eH My)J(eCTBeHHhIH cKencwc, HaM HY-
)J(eH KJiacc cou,wanHCTH'lecKHX HaTyp snacTeJIHHa ... Co-
u,wanHJM 03Ha qaeT CHJIY' CHJIY H CHJIY» •.
51 .n;yMaIO, 'ITO IllneHrJiep .no HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH
csoeii: u,enw ,n:oCTHr. Ha.n: w,n:eo;1orH'lecKOH CHCTeMoii: pa-
CH3Ma HHKTO, CJiaBa 6ory, He CTaHeT JIOMaTb roJIOBbl, H
MMJIJIHOHbl TIOKJIOHHHKOB rHTJiepa BCero MeHee B 3TOM
noBMHHhI. B ero nwu,e, no)J(aJiyii:, .HBHJiach eine sozialis-
tische Herrennatur... OH rosopHT Ha .H3bIKe IllneHrnepa, .H
He ysepeH, O,n:HaKO, 'ITO BCe B pe'laX rHTJiepa TaK y)J(
HpaBMTC.H 6necrnmeMy asrnpy «Untergang des Abendlan-
des» •••.
KaKOH COIJ,MaJIH3M 6y,n:eT ocymecTBJI.HTb rwTnep, eCJIH
JJ:OCTMrHeT HaCTO.HIIJ,eH BJiaCTH, .H CKa3aTb He 6epych . .ll:y-
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BbI'lepKHYTb HeCKOJlbKO CTpaHMIJ, H3 .n:erneBOH 6pornIOpbl
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OCTaBIIIHeC.H CTpaHHIJ,bl MoryT IIOCTaBHTb ero B O'leHb
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ceJI.HM Ha.no 3arrnaTHTb XOTb KOIIeHKY Ja py6Jib. A ruTnep
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51 3HaIO, Terrepb B repMaHHH XHTpbie JIIOJJ:H rDBOp.HT C
rny60KOMbICJieHHbIM BHJJ:OM: «Ha,n:o ,n:aTb rHTJiepy TI06bI-
BaTb y BJiaCTH. Tor.n:a HeMeIJ,KHH Hapo.n: HaKOHeu, yBH-
JJ:HT ... » H T.,n:. XHTpb1e JIIOJJ:H roBopHJIH y Hae B 1917 ro.n:y
TO JKe caMoe 0 60JibIIIeBMKax: «IlyCTb HaKOHeu, pyccKHH
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TOMY HaJa,n: H neBhie HTaJih.HHIJ,hI o cparnucTax. .D:Ba pa3a
eme MOIKHO 6bIJIO c.n:enaTb OJJ:HY H TY )J(e rnyrroCTb -
B TpeTHH pa3 oHa pHcKyeT CTaTh CKY'IHOBaToii:. OT 35
rrpou,eHTOB .no 51 rrpm~eHTa paCCTO.HHHe He TaK .n:aneKO -
oco6eHHO ecnw Bb16opaMH 6y.n;yT pyKoBOMTb MacTepa
Bb16opHoro ,n:ena.
reTe cpaBHHBaJI HCTOpHIO 'leJIOBe'leCTBa C cpyroii:, B
KOTopoif pa3HhlM Hapo,n:aM rrocne,n:oBaTeJihHO npHHa,n:ne-

.: Oswald Spengler. Preu6entum und Sozialismus. Munchen, 1921. S. 4, 98.

CoUHaJJHCTH'lecKall HaTypa BJJaCTeJlllHa (neM.) .
... «3aKaT Esponbl» (HeM.).
12-5317
353
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IIIHBHTh: Ha n;eJibIX nep110,nax B JKH3HH Toro HJIH ,npyroro
Hapo,na qeJIOBeqecTBO, 6hIBaeT, yqHTC51: BOT KaK He Ha.no
.nenaTh HCTopmo! B HaCT051I.Qee BpeM51 «Mhl, no3,nHHe
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pHBaThC51 K HeMen;Koii nonHTHKe. BeiiMapcKa51 KOHCTHTY-
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MOKpaTHIO B MHpe». Tenepb B03HHKaeT BOnpoc, ,nacT JIM
caMa51 COBeprnenuasi: ,neMOKpaTH51 ce651 C'heCTb - XOT51 6hI
H caMhIM COBeprneHHbIM ,neMOKpaTHqecKHM cnoco60M.
Юзеф ПилсуЮ<ИЙ
 IIHJICY,LJ;CKHH

I.
B cTan,e 3Toil mu1 JIIO,D:eil, 3HaKOMhlX c noJihCKMMM
,D:eJiaMM, He 6y,D:eT noti:TM HMti:ero Hoaoro. B Heil pac-
CKa3hIBaeTc.si )l(M3Hb 3HaMeHMTOro rocy,D:apCTBeHHOro ,D:e.sI-
TeJI.sI IloJihIIIM. EcJIM 6h1 3TO 6bIJIO B03MO)l(HO, .si B03,D:ep-
)l(aJic.si 6hI Boo6me OT KaKMX 6hI TO HH 6bIJIO o~eHOK.
)l{:uJHh IlMJICY.l.J:CKOro ,D:OCTaTO'IHO 6oraTa cpaKTaMM, a
cpaKThl, KaK BCeM M3BeCTHO, <<rOBOp.sIT 3a ce6.si caMM».
qMTaTeJib 3HaeT MJIM YBM,D:MT, 'ITO y Hae HeT OCHOBaHHil
OTHOCMThC.sI c oco6oil CMMilaTMeil K IlOJibCKOMy MapIIIaJiy.
Ho KaK 6hI Mhl K HeMy HH OTHOCHJIHCh, B HCTOpMH
IloJihIIIM IlHJICY.l.l:CKHU CB.sI3aJI CBOe MM.sI c co6blTM.sIMH
orpOMHOro, MCKJIIO'IMTeJihHOrO 3Hati:eHH.sI . .ll:JISI Toro 'IT0-
6bI HailTM B Heil JIIO,D:eil, KOTOpbie B 3TOM CMhICJie MOrJIM
6hl 6hITb IlOCTaBJieHbl BpOBeHh c HMM, Ha,D:O o6paTMThC.sI
,D:a)l(e He K IloHsi:ToBcKoMy HJIM KocTIOIIIKO, a K liaTopMIO,
K Co6ecKoMy, K cti:aCTJIHBeilIIIMM H3 RreJIJIOHOB. 3To
Heo6bIKHOBeHHhiil ti:eJioBeK. Heo6hIKHOBeHHhl M ero 3Hep-
rM.si, M ero ,D:apoBaHM.sI, M B oco6eHHOCTM ero cy,D:h6a.
roaopIO: B oco6eHHOCTM cy,D:h6a. IlHJICY.l.J:CKMil -
profiteur de la guerre*, pa3yMeeTc.si, OTHIO.l.J:h He a rpy6oM
M He B BYJihrapHOM, a B MCTOpMti:eCKOM CMbICJie 3TOrO
Bbipa)l(eHM.sI (B TaKOM )Ke, B KaKOM OHO MO)l(eT 6h1Tb
OTHeceHo, HanpMMep, K J110,D:eH,D:Opcpy MJIM K caMoMy Ha-
noJieoHy). Cy,D:h6a oti:eHh Jieno Morna yroTOBMTh coJ,D:a-
TeJIIO «6oIOBKM» BHCeJimi;y. BoilHa npMHecJia eMy cJiaay,
BJiaCTh, MapIIIaJihCKHil )l(eJJI. CaMoe )Ke Y.l.l:HBMTeJihHOe B
yqaCTM IlHJICY.l.J:CKoro TO, 'ITO Bcero 3Toro OH ,D:06MJIC.sI,
«IlOCTaBMB He Ha TY JIOIIIa,D:b»: cJiyti:ail B MCTOpHM e,D:Ba JIM
He e,D:HHCTBeHHhiil.

I03ecp IlMJICY.l.J:CKMil pO,D:HJIC.sI B 1867 ro,D:y B )l{yJieBe.

OH npMHa,D:Jie)l(HT K JIMTOBCKOMY ,D:Bop.siHCKOMY po,D:y.
KpenKa.si, .l.l:PY)l(Ha.si ceMb.si IlMJICY.l.l:CKMX 6b1Jia npoHHKHyTa

• llenOBCK, nony'IHBWHii Bbll'0.11}' OT BOHBbl ( tjip.).

357
CTapHHHbIMH 110JlbCKHMH Tpa.n;m:.UUIMH. IlHJICY.llCKHe 6bIJIH
6oraTbI: HX HMeHHe 3aKJIIO'laJIO B ce6e 60Jibllle BOCbMH
TbICjl'I .n;ecjl:THH. Ho Hey,n;a'IHbie arpoHOMH'leCKHe JaTeH
OTI.J,a, 3aTeM CJIY'IHBlllHHCji B 1874 ro.n;y IIO)Kap O'leHb
yMeHblllHJIH .llOCTaTOK ceMbH. 0Ha 11epeexana 113 HMeHHji B
BHJibHO. B BHJieHCKOH rHMHa3HH 11 11onyq11n Boc1111TaH11e
6y.n;yll.lHH 110JibCKHH .llHKTaTOp.
CaM IlHJICY.llCKHH roBop11n, 'ITO ocHOBHoe Ha11paBne-
HHe ero )KH3HH H .n;ejl:TeJibHOCTH .n;ana :na rHMHaJHjl.
l1MeHHO 113 Hee OH BbIHeC CBOIO HeHaBHCTb K PocCHH. «Bo
BCe MOe rHMHa3H'leCKOe BpeMjl jl CTpa,n;aJI 6ec11pepbIBHO.
MHoro 1103,llHee HO'IHbie MOH KOlllMapbI o6neKaJIHCb B
o6pa3 pyccxoro y'IHTeJijl» ... «.51 HeHaBH.lleJI Bpara 11 CTbI-
.llHJICjl cBoero 6eccHJIHjl. MHe TaK xoTenoch Bpe.n;HTb Poc-
CHH» ...
CnoBa 3TH, B CBoeH: qpe3MepHOCTH, JBy'laT He110Hjl:THO,
,n;a)Ke HecxonbKO .llHKO. B cy6ueKTHBHOH 11cxpeHHOCTH
Il11ncy.n;cxoro coMHeBaThCji TPY.llHO. B11neHcKajl rHMHa-
JHjl, 11opO.llHBI1lajl TaKHe 'IYBCTBa B ,n;yllle CBoero BOC-
11HTaHHHKa, xoHe'IHO, Bhl,n;ana caMa ce6e aTTecTaT. Ho
Bl10JIHe JIH COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH 3TH 11epe)KHBaHHjl 110.llJIHH-
HblM <f>aKTaM - ,llpyroH: Bo11poc. 0<f>HI.J,H03Hbie 611orpa<f>b1
IlHncy.n;cxoro y,n;eJijlIOT I.J,eJibie CTpaHHI.J,bI orr11caHHIO 11pe-
cne,n;oBaHHH, KOTOpbIM 110,llBepraJIHCb B 3TOH rHMHa3HH
yqeHHKH-110Jij1KH. HexoTOJ'bie 113 611orpa<f>oB, Bo BCjiKOM
cnyqae, cryll.laIOT KpacKH . KaK 6b1 TO HH 6bmo, H3 rHM-
Ha3HH Ilnncy,n;cKHH BbillleJI peBOJIIOI.J,HOHepoM. OH 11ocTy-
1111n Ha Me.llHI.J,HHCKHH <f>aKyJihTeT XapbKOBCKoro yHHBep-
CHTeTa, CKOpo 6bIJI HCKJIIO'leH Ja yqaCTHe B 6ec110pj1.n;Kax
11 BepHyJicjl B BHJibHO.
CoI.J,11an11cToM Il11ncy,n;cKHH crnn B 1884 ro,lly. B ceM-
Ha.llI.J,aTb JieT BCjlKHe He.n;opa3yMeHHjl .ll011YCTHMbl, HO 3TO
He.n;opa3yMeHHe HeCKOJibKO 3aTjlHYJIOCb: He 6onee H He
MeHee xax Ha TPH.llI.J,aTh qeTbipe ro.n;a. To'IHYIO xp0Hono-
rn10 ,llaeT 3,lleCb B03MO)KHOCTb ycTaHOBHTb O,llHa 3a6aBHajl
cI.J,eHKa, KOTOPYIO 01111chrnaeT B cBoeii KHHre «BoccTaHoB-
neHHajl IloJibllla» KaJHMHp CMorop)KeBcx11if•. B HOji6pe
1918 ro.n;a K IlHJICY.llCKOMY jlBHJiaCb ,lleJieraI.J,Hjl 110JlbCKOH
COI.J,HaJIHCTH'leCKOH 11apTHH H, ecTeCTBeHHO, Ha3BaJia ero
«ToBapHll.leM Il1mcy,n;cKHM». Maplllan, 6blBlllHH, oqeBH.ll-

' TaK, CHrnJMYIUI KJIHHrcnalUI coo611.1aeT, '!TO Ja HJy'leHHe nonbcKoli JIHTe-

patypbl H HCTOpHH, a oco6eHHO Ja npoctynKH nOJIHTH'ICCKOfO xapaKtepa BOC-
nHtaHHHKOB lKeCTOKO ceKJIH (E. Klingsland Pilsudski, p. 20). TenecHble naKaJaHHll
6blJIH, O,!lllaKo, OTMeHeHbl B pyccKHX cpe,!lHe-yqe6HbIX JaBe,!leHHllX Ja HecKOJ!bKO JieT
,!lO P,OlK.lleHHJI llHJICY.llCKOro.
' Casimir Smogorzewski. La Pologne restauree, p .324.

358
Ho, B xoporneM HacTpoemrn: .n:yxa, mo6e3HO ocTaHOBHJI
.n:eJieraToB.
- rocno.n;a, 51 BaM He «TOBapHIU», - CKa3aJI OH. -
Mb1 Kor.n:a-To BMecTe ceJIH B KpacHbIH TpaMBaii. Ho 51 H3
Hero BbIIlleJI Ha OCTaHOBKe «He3aBHCHMOCTb IloJiblliH»,
Bbl )Ke e.n:eTe .no KOHl.{a K CTaHl.{HH «CouHaJIH3M». )J{eJiaJO
BaM cqaCTJIHBOro nyTH, O):(HaKO Ha3bIBaHTe MeH51, TIO)Ka-
JIYHCTa, «TiaHOM».
3To JasrnJieHHe IlHJicy.n;cKoro, BnpoqeM, He MernaeT
MHOrHM COl.{HaJIHCTaM (He TOJibKO TIOJibCKHM) no ceii .n:eHb
cqHTaTh H .n:a)Ke Ha3bIBaTh Ja rJia3a IlHJicy.n:cKoro TOBapH-
meM. no CJIOBaM r. CMorop)KeBCKoro·, IlHJICY.D:CKHH rop-
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«KanHTaJia». CKOJib oTpHUaTeJibHO HH pacueHHBaTb HC-
TOpHqecxyro poJib KapJia MapKca, Tpy.n:Ho nocTaBHTb :no
o6cT051TeJibCTBO B oco6eHHYJO 3acJiyry IlHJICY.D:CKOMy, TeM
6oJiee qTo OH ee pa3.n;eJI51eT c oqeHb 6oJiblliHM qHcJioM
.n:pyrnx JIJO):(eH, cpe.n:H KOTOpbIX HeMaJIO y6e)K):(eHHbIX Map-
KCHCTOB. KpoMe Toro, y .n:pyroro HCCJie.n;oBaTeJI51 •• Mbl
HaXO):(HM yKa3aHHe Ha TO, qTo IlHJicy.n:cKHH npoqeJI «Ka-
TIHTaJI>>. Bo BC51KOM cJiyqae, qHTaJI JIH MapKca IlHJicy.n:c-
KHH HJIH He qHTaJI, MapKCHCTCKOe (H Boo6me COl.{HaJIHCTH-
qecKoe) HaqaJIO JIHillb B caMOH HlfqTO)KHOH CTeneHH CKa3a-
JIOCb B ero B3rJI51.n;ax. OH 6hIJI IteH3MepHMO 6JIH)Ke K naHy
BoJIO.ZJ:hieBCKOMy H KoHpa.n:y BaJIJieHpo.n:y, qeM K :Se6eJIJO
HJIH IlJiexaHOBY.

B 3TO BpeM51 o.n:Ha H3 nocJie.D:HHX .n:o6poBOJihqecKHX

opraHH3aUHH nocJiaJia B BHJihHO .n;eJieraToB c npe.n:Jio)Ke-
HHeM Kpy)KKY TIOJibCKOH MOJIO):(e)KH npHH51Tb yqacTHe B
noKyrneHHH Ha )KH3Hb HMneparnpa AJieKcaH.n;pa III. Kpy-
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KOJie6aJIC51, KaKOH .n:aTb .n:eJieraTaM OTBeT. IlHJICY.ZJ:CKHH
BblCKa3aJIC51 pernHTeJibHO npOTHB yqaCTH51 B npe.n;Jiarae-
MOM .n:eJie, HaX0):(51, qTO TIOJI51KH BOo6me He 3aHHTepecoBa-
Hbl B nepeMeHe pyccKoro rocy.n:apcTBeHHOro cTp051.
«Eme HeH3BeCTHO, qTo HaM .n:aJia 6bI 3Ta nepeMe-
Ha», - cKa3aJI OH. Kpy)KOK npo.n;OJI)KaJI KOJie6aThC51.
BnpoqeM, .n:oJiro KOJie6aTbC51 eMy He npHillJIOch: o .n:eJie
CTaJIO H3BeCTHO .n:enapTaMeHTY TIOJIHl.{HH. .z:t:enaprnMeHT
nocTynHJI co CBOHCTBeHHbIM eMy 3KJieKTH3MOM: Kape 6bl-

' TaM lKe, Clp. 324.

" J. de Carency. Jozeph Pilsudski, p. 32.

359
JIH IIO,IJ;BeprHyThl H CTOpOHHHKH H npOTHBHHKH TeppopH-
CTHtfeCKoro npoeKTa; IlHJICY,IJ;CKHH 6hIJI B a.z:i;MHHHCTpaTHB-
HOM IIOpR.z:i;Ke COCJiaH B CH6Hpb, Ha JleHy.
B cchIJIKe OH npo6hIJI IIRTh JieT. C pyccKHM o6rn:ecTBOM
OH TaM He c6JIH3HJIC~. Ero 6JIH3KHH .z:i;pyr, H3BeCTHhIH
IIOJihCKHH ( OT'laCTH H pyccKHH) nHcaTeJih BalJ,JlaB Cepo-
rneBCKHH, paccKa3hIBaeT, 'ITO B CH6HpH HbrnernHHH ,IJ;HK-
TaTop «y3HaJI BCRKHX pyccKHX, OT 6po.z:i;Rr .z:i;o MHHHCTpOB».
CaM IlHJicy.z:i;cKHH BIIOCJie.z:i;cTBHH roBopHJI: «Bee OHH
(pyccKHe) 6oJiee HJIH MeHee CKphIThie HMnepHaJIHCThI. Cpe-
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paMH MO)l(HO 6bIJIO noJHaKOMHThCR B cchIJIKe Ha JleHe? M
Hey)l(eJIH Bee pyccKHe CCbIJibHbie H CChIJibHO-KaTOp)l(Hbie
6hIJIH MOHapxHCTbl H HMnepHaJIHCTbI?

II.
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IlO'ITH B TO )Ke BpeMR C03,IJ;aJiaCh IIOJibCKaR COQHaJIHCTH-
qecKaR napTHR (P.P.S.). OH cpa3y CTaJI O,ll;HHM H3 ee
BO)l(,IJ;eii. EMy H Mono.z:i;ou ero )l(eHe, TaKou )Ke peBOJII-0-
1.\HOHepKe, KaK OH, 6hmo nopyqeno co3.z:i;aTh neneraJihHhIH
opran netfaTH: «Pa60THHK». 3TOT peBOJil-OQHOHHbIH )l(yp-
nan IlHncy.z:i;cKHH «H3,IJ;aBaJI» B TetfeHHe HeCKOJihKHX JieT.
«Pa6oTHHK» no pa3Mepy ycTynan «Times» HJIH «Chicago
Tribune»: IlHncy.z:i;cKHH ero HJ.z:i;aBan, OH )Ke ero pe.z:i;aK-
THpOBan, OH )Ke IIHCaJI CTaThH, OH )Ke HX Ha6Hpan, OH )Ke
neqaTaJI H pacnpocTpaHRJI )l(ypHan. THnorpa<l>HR noMern:a-
nacb B CTeHHOM llIKa<l>y, a 6yMara xpaHHJiaCb B ,IJ;HBane.
«Pa60THHK» IIOCTORHHO nepeHOCHJICR H3 ropo.z:i;a B ropo.z:i;,
BMeCTe c HHM nepeeJ)l(aJIH H H3,IJ;aTeJibCTBO, H pe.z:i;aKQHR.
TpH.z:i;QaTh nRTh noMepoB 6bIJIO Bhmyrn:eno 6narononyqno,
HO na TpH,ll;QaTb rueCTOM, B Jio.z:i;3H, )l(ypHaJI IIOCTHrna
ney.z:i;aqa. IlonHQHR BhICJie.z:i;Hna pe.z:i;aKTopa H narpRHyna B
THnorpa<l>HI-O KaK pa3 B TY caMy1-0 MHHYTY, Kor.z:i;a TaM
na6Hpanacb CTaThR «TOp)l(eCTBO CB06o.z:i;ttoro CJIOBa».
nhITb MO)l(eT, HMeHHO 3TO 06CTORTeJibCTBO IIpHBeJIO B
Becenoe nacTpoenHe npoH3BO,ll;HBrnero o6hICK )l(an.z:i;apMc-
Koro IIOJIKOBHHKa rnoHHCKoro. Ha pa.z:i;OCTRX OH TYT )Ke
paccKa3aJI IlHncy.z:i;cKoMy atteK.z:i;oT. B QapcTBOBanHe HH-
KonaR IlaBJIOBHtfa K rnaBe TpeThero oT.z:i;eneHHR RBHJICR

360
 ye3'.lKaBIIIHH 3a rpaHHQY npmneJih H cnpOCHJI, He 6y;::i;eT JIM
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6y;::i;To 6b1 rJiaBa noJIHQHH. - B H10pH6epre CTOHT naMRT-
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;::i;a 6y;::i;eTe B 3TOM ropo;::i;e, no'.lKaJiyHcTa, nJIIOHhTe OT
MOero HMeHH B JIHQO ryTeH6epry: BCe 3JIO Ha CBeTe nOIIIJIO
OT Hero». «BOT, Tenepb Bbl BH)J;HTe caMH, - CKa3aJI
BeCeJihIH noJIKOBHHK, noKa3bIBaR Ha H3'hRTYIO H3 IIIKana
«THnorpa<l>HIO», - BCe 3JIO OT ryTeH6epra» ...
1'13 Jlom11 IlHJicy;::i;cKHH 6hIJI nepeBe3eH B BaprnaBy
H TaM 3aKJIIOlfeH B ;::i;ecRThIH naBHJihOH QHTa;::i;eJIH, Ky;::i;a
ca'.lKaJIH Ha1160Jiee Ba'.lKHhIX rocy;::i;apcTBeHHhix npecTyn-
HHKOB. ,ll;eCRThIH naBHJihOH HMeJI oco6y10 a;::i;MHHHCTpa-
QHIO H oco6y10 KYXHIO. OT BoiicK 6hIJI BHyTpeHHHii nocT
B KOpH;::i;ope 3)J;aHHR y BhIXO)J;HhIX )J;Bepeii. ,ll;aJibllle no
KOpH;::i;opaM HeCJIH CJiy'.lK6y '.lKaH;::i;apMhl, - HH qacosoii,
HH npoBepRBIIIHH ero ;::i;e'.lKypHhIH no KapayJiaM He HMeJIH
npaBa 3axo;::i;HTh B rJiy6h noMeI.QeHHR. BepoRTHO, BCJie-
;::i;cTBHe 3TOH TaHHCTBeHHOCTH B BaprnaBCKOM 061.QeCTBe
pacnpocTpaHHJIHCh Mpa'IHhie CJIYXH 0 ;::i;eCRTOM naBHJihO-
He: roBOpHJIH, 'ITO TaM '.lKaH;::i;apMhl OTpaBJIRIOT 3aKJIIO-
lfeHHhIX. <l>anTaCTHlfeCKHe CJIYXH 3TH 6hIJIH HaCTOJihKO
ynopHhl, lJTO npOHHKJIH H B pyccKyIO BOeHHYIO cpe;::i;y.
B CBR3H c HHMH HHCTPYKQHR BJiacTeii BMeHRJia B o6R-
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noJIHRBIIIHx 3TY o6R3aHHOCTh, 6hIJI KanHTaH reHepaJih-
noro rnTa6a A. H. ,ll;enHKHH.z Tor;::i;a )J;JIR QeH3a KOMa-
n;::i;osaBrnHH: poToH: B BaprnaBe .
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Toro naBHJihOHa ClfHTaJIOCh HeB03MO'.lKHhIM ;::i;eJIOM. EhlJI
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BaTh yMonoMernaTeJihCTBO. ,ll;yrneBHhie 6oJie3HH He Bxo-
)J;HJIH B KOMneTeHQHIO nocTORHHoro Bpaqa KpenocTH. Ha-
qaJihCTBo npHrJiaCHJIO )J;JIR KOHCYJihTaQHH nepsoro Bap-
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HOM CHMYJIRHTa. IlocJie HecKOJihKHx MHHYT 6ece;::i;h1
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Be;::i;eTcR Hrpa H lfTO, co6cTBeHHO, eMy HY'.lKHO. YJttaB B lJeM
;::i;eJio, IIIa6arnHHKOB 6e3 KoJie6aHHR ttanHcaJI CBH)J;eTeJihCT-

' Cse.11eHHll 3TH mo6e3HO coo6JUHJJ aBTopy uacTOllI.Ueii CTaTbH reu. A H ,!l;e-
HHKHH

361
 BO o .nyrneBHOH 6oneJHH IlHncy,ncKoro. «3To 6hIJI qenoBeK
6onhrnoro 6naropo.ncTBa, - roBopHT CHrHJMyH,n KJIHHr-
cnaH.n H, oqeBH,nHO, B o6'hSICHeHHe CTOJlb CTpaHHOro <PaK-
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H ero Bee cqHTaJIH pyccKHM; o,nHaKO B ,neHCTBHTeJibHOCTH
OH 6bm 6ypSITCKoro npOHCXO)l(,neHHSI» (cTp. 45).
Ha OCHOBaHHH CBH,neTeJibCTBa npo<tJeccopa llla6arn-
HHKOBa Ilwncy,ncKHH 6bIJI nepeBe,neH HJ BaprnaBCKOH Kpe-
IlOCTH B neTep6yprcKy10 ncwxwaTp11qecKy10 6oJihHHU.Y· B
:ny )l(e 60JibHH:U:Y IlOCTYilHJl B KaqecTBe op,nHHaTopa ,noK-
TOp MaJypKeBHq, qneH nonhCKOH cou.HaJIHCTHqecKoii nap-
THH. PyccKHH .nwpeKTOp 60JibHHI.J.bl HCCJie,noBaJI npHCJiaH-
HOro HJ BaprnaBbI nau.weHTa u TaK)l(e 6eJ 6onhrnoro
Tpy.na o6Hapy)l(HJ1 npHTBOpHblH xapaK'rep 6oJieJHH. .[(H-
peKTOp 6oJibHH:U:bI IlOCTYilHJl, KaK llla6arnHHKOB: noroBO-
pHB c MaJypKeBuqeM, OH o6eman xpaHHTh ceKpeT CTOJih-
Ko BpeMeHH, CKOJihKO :no 6y,neT HY)l(HO «60JihHOMy». Be-
pOSITHO, 3TOT .nupeKTOp 6bIJI TO)l(e 6ypSITCKOro npOHCXO)l(-
,neHHSI.
OcTaJihHoe npourno rna.n;Ko. B JapaHee ycnoBJieHHhIH
.n;eHh 60JibHOH 6bIJI BbIJBaH ,L(JISI HCCJie.LJ;OBaHHSI B KaMepy
op.n;wHaTopa MaJypKeBwqa, Op.n;wHaTop ornycTHJI crnpo-
)l(eH, Iluncy,ncKHH nepeo.n;encsi B npuroTOBJieHHoe .nnsi He-
ro nnaThe, JaTeM o6a HeToponJIHBO BhIIIIJIH napa.n;HhIM
xo.n;oM, cenw B 3KHna)I( - H ucqeJJIH. Iluncy,ncKHH Bhrexan
B KueB, BhinycTHJI - ynopHbIH qenoBeK! - oqepe,nHOH
HOMep «Pa6oTHHKa» H OTnpaBHJICSI Ja rpaHHI.J.Y.

OH o6ocHOBancsi B KpaKoBe. B 3TOT nepwo.n; ero )l(HJ-

HH, 110-BH,nHMOMy, OKOHqaTeJihHO o<tJopMHJIHCb H OKpenJIH
ero BJrnsi,nhI Ha cnoco6b1 6opb6b1 Ja ocB060)1(,neHHe
IlonhlIIH. BH.LJ;hI KaJaJIHCh eMy 6naronpHSITHhIMH. Bcnhlx-
Hyna pyccKo-sinoHCKaSI BOHHa. Iluncy.n;cKHH HeMe.n;neHHO
OTnpaBHJICSI B ToKHO: OH npe.n;naran IlO,L(HSITb BOCCTaHHe B
IlOJiblIIe H npOCHJl y npaBHTeJibCTBa MHKa.n;o IlOMOI..I.J.H
opy)l(HeM H .n;eHhraMH. IlpaBbie IlOJIHTHqecKHe KpyrH
IlOJiblIIH cqnTaJIH 3TOT nnaH HenenbIM H Bpe.LJ;HbIM ,L(JISI
nonbcKoro .n;ena. 0.n;ttoBpeMeHHO c Ilwncy.n;cKHM B ToKHO
oKaJancsi PoMaH .[(MoBCKHH, ero npOTHBHHK H conepHHK
Ha npoTSI)l(eHHH Tpex .n;eCSITHJieTHH . .[(Ba npOTHBOilOJIO)l(-
HbIX BJIHSIHHSI CTOJIKHYJIHCb. JlnOHCKOe npaBHTeJihCTBO OT-
KaJaJIOCb no.n.nep)l(aTb Ilm1cy.n;cKoro.
OH BepHyncsi B EBpony. Ha cMetty BOHHhI npurnna
nepBaSI pyccKaSI peBOJIIOI.J.HSI. BecHoii 1905 ro.n;a Iluncy.n-
362
 CKHH OCHOBaJI 6oesy10 opraHH3aUHIO IlOJibCKOH COUHaJIH-
CTlf'IeCKOH napTHH.
3Ty rnasy 6HorpacpHH 3IIaMeHHToro rocyaapcrneHHO-
ro aesiTem1 Mbl H3JIOJKHM BeChMa xpaTKO, - H3 IlOJIHTH-
1.J:eCKOH necHH MOJKHO H BhIKHHYTh CJIOBO. Bnpo'leM, IlHJI-
cyacxHii He OTpexaeTCSI H OT 3TOro nepHOlla CBoeil: JKH3HH.
liHorpacp TaK onpeaeJIHeT 3alla'IH rpynnhl IlHJicyacxoro B
TOT nepHO,l(: «lioeBaH opraHH3aQHSI oxpaHHJia napTHHHble
xsapTHpbI, 3aiumuaJia BOJKlleii napTHH BO BpeMH yJIH'IHhIX
MaHHcpecTaUHH, YHH'ITOJKaJia HHoraa IIIIlHOHOB, npOBOKa-
TOpOB H oco6eHHO JKeCTOKHx noJinueil:cxnx aesiTeJieil:. Ha-
xotteu, noa JIH'IHhIM pyxosoacTBOM MocHcpa IlHJicyac-
xoro OHa npOH3BeJia PSlll OTMe'leHHbIX HeCJibIXaIIHOU CMe-
JIOCTblO HanaaeHHU Ha pyccKHe IlO'ITOBbie TpaHcnopTbl B
ueJisix ao6hlBaHHH cpeacTB MH llBHJKettnsi... HeT HH'lero
noCThillHOro B JKH3HH noJibcxoro HaUHOHaJihHOro reposi. B
1905 roay IlHJICYllCKHU COCTOSIJI B BOUHe c uapCKOU Poc-
cneu. ,UeJia B Porose, B Ma3oBeuxe, B lie3,l(aHax 6bIJIH
6JieCTSIIUHMH BOeHHbIMH ,l(eUCTBHHMH».
113 3THX .neJI caMhIM rpOMKHM 6hIJia 3KCnponpHaUHH
B no'ITOBOM noe3.ne HOM. 4 Ha noJiycTaHKe lie3.naHhI,
pacnOJIOJKeHHOM B rny6oKOM COCHOBOM 6opy no 634-u
BepcTe OT IleTep6ypra. CoBepIIIena 6brna 3Ta 3Kcnpo-
npHaUHH co CMeJIOCTblO .neiiCTBHTeJibHO HeCJibIXaHHOU
H c TaKOH JKe TO'IHOCTblO B pa6oTe: qepe3 HecKOJibKO
MHHYT IIOCJie ee OKOH'laHHH Ha IlOJIYCTaHOK BOlIIeJI noe3,l{
BeJI. KH. MnxaHJia AJiexcatt.npoBH'la. Ilo.npo6ttocTH 6e3-
JJ;aHcxoro JJ;eJia MO)l(HO HaiiTH B CTaTbHX pyccxux ra3eT
OT 15, 16 " 17 ceHTH6pH 1908 ro.na. 3mITeTbl, BCTpe-
1.J:aIOIUHeCH B 3THX CTaTbSIX, oco6eHHO B ra3eTax KOH-
cepBaTHBHblX, Tenepb TPYllHO 'IHTaTb 6e3 ycMeIIIKH. AB-
TOpbI e.nBa JIH MOrJIH JJ;yMaTh, 'ITO rJiaBHblH pyxoBO.llHTeJih
6e3.naHcxoro JJ;eJia qepe3 JJ;ecsiTb JieT CTaneT rJiasoii ro-
cyJJ;apcTBa H 6y.neT 06MeHHBaTbCH cep.ne'IHblMH TeJier-
paMMaMH c KOpOJIHMH.
,UeSITeJibHOCTb «60IOBKH» o6MaHyJia Ha,ll;e)l(,l{bl ee BO)l(-
,l{SI. HacKOJihKO .si Mory cy.l{HTh, OHa BPHll JIH OTBe'laJia H
cKJionnocTHM ero xapaKTepa. OT JIIOJJ;eif, xoporno ero
3HaBlIIHX, MHe He pa3 npHXO,llHJIOCb CJibilIIaTh 0 6Jiaropoa-
CTBe narypLI H JIH'lnoii o6aHTeJILnocTH IlnJicy.ncKoro. Ka-
KHM o6pa30M OH Mor yqacTBOBaTb B «6JieCTHIUHX BOeH-
HblX .neiiCTBHHX» yKa3aHHOro Bblllle po)la, MHe, npH-
3HaIOCh, OCTaeTCSI HenomITHblM. «11)leOJIOrH'lecKHe npoBa-
Jibl» BCTpe'laIOTC.SI H y JJ;eKa6pHCTOB, O,ZJ,HaKO y HHX 3TO
6bIJia TeopHSI. 0.nno )leJIO KpOBb B qepHHJibHHUe, .llpyroe -

363
xpHIT.SllUHH B arOHHH KOH~YKTOp ITOe3~a, CTapH'IOK ITO'l-
TaJihOH c ITpocTpeJieHHhIM )!{HBOTOM ... PaJyMeeTcsi, 011eHh
JierKo CKa3aTb: «Ha BOHHe TO )Ke caMoe». Ho HHKaKne
MeTacpopbl, HHKaKHe «a Ja guerre corn me a Ja guerre» • H3
EeJ~aH AycTepJinua He c~eJiaIOT ... Ey~eM, o~uaKo, ITO-
MHHTh, 'ITO Bee 3TO IlHJICY~CKHH COBeprnaJI, cJiy)Ka ITO
CBOeMy pa3yMeHHIO IlOJihIIIe, npn11eM He pa3 H He ~Ba, a
CTO pa3 CTaBHJI Ha KapTy "CBOIO rOJIOBy.

III.
HacTosiruasi BOHHa ITpn6JIH)KaJiacb. B ITOCJie~Hne ro~hl
nepe~ Heii IlHJICY~CKHH nepeHeC CBOIO ~esiTeJihHOCTb B
ABcTpHIO. Ilo~ ero Henocpe~cTBeHHhIM HJIH KOCBeHHhIM
PYKOBO~CTBOM B raJIHUHH C03~aJIHCb o6ruecTBa ITO BOeH-
HOMY o6ytJeHHIO TIOJibCKOH counaJIHCTH'leCKOH H ~eMO­
KpaTH'leCKOH MOJJO~e)!{H. OpneHTaunsi 3Tnx COI030B BhI-
pa3HJiacb B CJie~y10runx CJIOBax IlHJICY~CKOro: «ECJIH
B 6JIH3RIUeiicH BOHHe MhI He crnHeM Ha CTopoHy ABcTpnn
npoTnB Poccttn n He 06pa3yeM npn 3TOM co6cTBeHHOH
apMHH, Mbl MO)!{eM C'IHTaTh ce6si HaBcer~a BbI'lepKHY-
TbIMH M3 cnncKa )!{HBhIX Hapo~oB». BeHcKoe npaBn-
TeJibCTBO OTHOCHJIOCb K ~esiTeJihHOCTH IlnJicy~cKoro 6Jia-
rOCKJIOHHO, o~HaKo 6e3 oco6oii ropsitIHOCTH. MoJio~e)!{h
BocnnThIBaJiach B n~ee 6oph6hl c Poccneii - 3TO 6hIJIO
He~ypHo. Ho MOJIO~e)!{b 6h1Jia 'ITO-TO y)i{ o'leHh JieBasi,
n y BO)!{~H 6hlJIO npornJioe - OHO npaBnTeJibCTBY <l>paHua
Mocncpa HpaBnJIOCh, ~OJI)KHO 6bITh, 3Ha'lnTeJibHO MeHbrne.
HeKoTopoe npe~y6e)!{~eHne npoTnB peBOJIIOUMOHHhIX 3KC-
nponpnaunii MO)!{HO c 60JibIIIOH BepORTHOCTblO npek
TIOJIO)!{HTb y BOCbMH~eCRTHJieTHero aBCTpHHCKoro HMne-
pa Topa (eCJIH OHO eCTb XOTR 6hl y nnrnyruero 3TH CTpOKH).
O~HHM CJIOBOM, JII06Bn He 6hIJIO Hn B3anMHoii, Hn o~­
HOCTopoHHeii: c o6enx CTOpOH npOBO~HJICH npnHunn:
«IlOCTOJibKY - IlOCKOJihKy».

qepe3 HeCKOJihKO qacoB nocJie o6'hHBJieHnH BOHHhI Iln-

Jicy~cKnii, BO rJiaBe He60JibIIIOro OTpH~a IlOJibCKHX ~o-
6pOBOJihUeB, neperneJI pycCKO-aBCTpHHCKYIO rpaHnuy.
0TpH~ COC'l'OHJI H3 159 tJeJIOBeK! IlnJicy~CKHH paCC'IH-
ThIBaJI Ha TO, 'ITO B pyccKOH IloJihIIIe ~eCHTKH, 6bITb
MO)!{eT, COTHH TbICR'I 'leJIOBeK npncoe~HHHTCH K HeMy,

• «Ha BOHHC, KaK Ha BOHHC» ((/jp.).

364
 yBw.n;eB IIOJihCKoe 3HaMR. K HeMy B .n;ei:i:cTBHTeJihHOCTH He
npwcoe.n;HHHJICR IIO'ITH HHKTO. Ilo CJIOBaM IIOJihCKOro ny6-
JIHUHCTa K. CpoxoBcxoro, cTpeJIKH Ilwncy.n;cxoro BhI3Ba-
JIH B pyccxoii Ilonbrue Y.D.HBJieHHe, 6ecnoxoiicTBO H yJKac.
«Ero IIOCTHrJIO CTparuHoe pa3oqapoBaHHe», - rOBOpHT
KnHHrcnaH.n;. B faJIHUHH B033BaHHe «BpeMeHHoro KOMH-
TeTa» IIOJihCKHX napTHH aBCTpHHCKOH OpHeHTaQHH Bbl3Ba-
JIO 3HTY3Ha3M. Ho raJIHUHHCKHe IIOJIRKH (xax H pyccxwe)
no.n;neJKaJIH npH3hIBY B perynRpHbie Boiicxa Ha o6meM
OCHOBaHHH. I-fa .n;o6pOBOJibQeB, He .D.OCTHrIIJHX IIpH3hIB-
HOro B03pacTa HJIH qepe3 Hero neperuarHyBruHx, 6b1JI0
cocTaBJieHo .n;Ba nerHoHa. ABcTpHHCKHH rnaBHOKOMaH-
.D.YIOI.UHH 3purepuor <l>pn.n;pnx Ha3Ha'IHJI Ilnncy.n;cxoro xo-
MaH.n;npoM nepBoro nonxa nepBoro nernoHa. XapaKTep-
HYIO qepTy MhI Haxo.n;HM B caMOM npnxa3e o Ha3HatieHHH.
3purepuor, BH.D.HMO, He 3Han, xax Ha3BaTh Ilnncy.n;cxoro:
HHKaxoro 'IHHa y 6y.n;ymero Mapruana He 6hlJIO, - Me.n;n-
UHHCKHH ~axynhTeT XapbKOBCKoro YHHBepcnTeTa BoeH-
HhIX 'IHHOB He .n;aBaJI. f JiaBHOKOMaH.D.YIOI.UHH Ha3BaJI IIOJI-
KOBOfO KOMaH,D.Hpa npOCTO «fOCIIO.D.HHOM», - BepORTHO,
3TO e,D.HHCTBeHHbIH cJiy'laH B HCTOpHH BOeHHhIX npHKa30B.
Bo rnaBe cBoero oTpR.n;a Ilnncy.n;cKHH nepBhIH Boruen
B Kenhue. IloJIRKH cpaJKaJIHCh npeBocxo.n;Ho, co cBoiicT-
BeHHOH HM xpa6pOCThlO. IlHJICY.D.CKHH 6hlJI pyccKHH IIO.D.-
.n;aHHhIH, H MR Hero IIJieH MOf 03HatfaTb paccTpen, eCJIH
He BHcemn~y. CBoe ncnhITaHHoe 6eccTparune OH npoRBHJI
H B 6oRx. B Kenhue eMy npnrunoch ocTaThCR He.n;onro.
PyccKaR Mo6HJIH3aUHR 3aKaH'IHBanach, Hatfanocb KaTacT-
po~H'lecxoe oTcTynneHHe aBcTpniiueB. Cepbe3Horo BOeH-
Horo 3HatfeHHR B CTOJIKHOBeHHH MHJIJIHOHHhIX apMHH Jie-
fHOHhl, KOHe'IHO, HMeTh He MOrJIH. B Mepy CHJI IIOMOrana
ueHTpaJihHhIM .n;epJKaBaM H co3.n;aHHaR Tor.n.a JKe Ilnncy.n.c-
KHM «IloJihCKa OpraHH3aQHR BoiicKoBa» (P. 0. W.). 0Ha
HeCJia TaHHYIO pa3Be,ll;O'IHYIO CJiyJK6y H COBepruana napTH-
3aHCKHe onepaQHH B ThIJIY pyccKOH apMHH, .D.OCTaBJIRR
CBOH CBe.n;eHHR qepe3 repMaHCKOfO IIOJIKOBHHKa 3ay6epu-
Beiira caMoMy ~enh.n;Mapruany fHH.D.eH6ypry.
KaxoB 6hm noJIHTH'leCKHH pactieT Ilnncy.n;cxoro?
CTpacTHhie noKJIOHHHKH Mapruana yBepRIOT, 6y.n;To OH c
caMoro HatfaJia nocTaBHJI ce6e onpe.n;eneHHYIO uenh: no-
MO'lh ueHTpaJihHhIM .n;epJKaBaM pa3rpoMHTh PoccHIO B
TBep.n.oM pac'leTe Ha TO, 'ITO nomoM ueHTpanhHhie .n.ep-
c
JKaBhI 6y.n;yT pa3rpOMJieHbl <l>paHQHeii! 3THM .sJK06hI IIJia-
HOM IlHJICY.D.CKHH npHe3JKaJI B ~eBpane 1914 ro.n;a B Ila-
pHJK, JKeJiaR 3aHHTepecoBaTh H yBJie'lh HM BOJK.n;eii ~paH-
365
 u,y3cKoH .n;eMoKpaTHH. K TaKHM yTBepX<,neHHsiM, pa3yMe-
eTcsi, Tpy;:i;Ho OTHeCTHCh cephe3HO, - BeposiTHO, caM Tinn-
cy.n;cKnH c YJibJ6KOH 'IHTaeT HHble nncaHHSI: CBOHX cpaHaTH-
lJeCKHX IlOKJIOHHHKOB. 0HH B;:i;o6aBOK OKa3bJBalOT eMy
.n;oBoJihHO nnoxy10 ycnyry. Ha.n;eX<;:i;a Ha To, 'ITO cppaH-
U.Y3CKHx pa;:i;HKaJIOB H COIJ,HaJIHCTOB y;:i;acTCSI B cpeBpane
1914 ro.na YBJie'lb H.n;eeH MHpOBOH BOHHhl (.na ern.e B TaKOH
XHTpoyMHOH KOM6HHaIJ,HH: CHalJaJia ;:i;aTh pa36HTh COI03-
HHKa, a 3aTeM CBOHMH CHJiaMH npHKOH'IHTh Bpara), Ha.n;e-
X<)J;a :na Morna 6hl, KOHe'IHO, CBH)J;eTeJibCTBOBaTb TOJlbKO
o noJIHTH'lecKoii HaHBHOCTH TIHncy;:i;cKoro. 0 caMoii X<e
KOM6HHaIJ,HH c ee MaTOM B )];Ba xo.na He CTOHT Boo6rn.e H
rosopnTh. Bcsi:KHii npeKpacHo nOHHMaeT, 'ITO urpa B 1914
ro.ny 6bJJia o.n;Ha: KTO BOeBaJI c Poccueii, TOT BOeBaJJ H c
<l>paHu,neii. Ecnu 6b1 KaMnaHHsi: 1914 ro.na 3aKOH'IHJJacb
KpymeHHeM pyccKoro soeHHoro Moryrn.ecTBa, see co103-
Hoe .neno nomno 6h1, pa3yMeeTcsi:, npaxoM. CKOJJhKO ern.e
.npyrnx «eCJJH», BilJIOTh .no aMepHKaHCKoro BMemaTeJJhCT-
Ba, .nonX<eH 6bIJJ 6b1 yqecTh B :naKoM pactJeTe Tiuncy;:i;c-
KHii! Co.neiicrnue nopa)f(eHHJO pyccKHX soiicK, conpsi:)f(eH-
Hoe c Ha;:i;eX<)J;OH Ha cppaHIJ,Y3CKYIO no6e;:i;y, 6bIJIO 6bl H B
BOeHHOM, H B IlOJIHTH'leCKOM, H BO BCSl:KOM ;:i;pyroM OT-
HOllieHHH coBepmeHHOH epyH.n;oii. TIHncy.n;cKHii 'leJJoBeK
O'leHh YMHhlH, H TaKHX H3YMHTeJJbHhlX 3aMh!CJIOB OH IlH-
TaTh He Mor.
,[(eno, KOHe'IHO, o6cTosino ropa3;:i;o nporn.e: KaK MHorne
yMHhJe n10;:i;H, KaK <l>ep;:i;nHaH.n; EonrapcKnii, KaK 3nsep,
KaK TanaaT, HhrnemHHii noJJhCKHii )J;HKTaTop B 1914 ro.ny
c.nenan HeBepHyIO CTaBKy. 3asopO)f(eHHhlH BOeHHhIM Mory-
rn.ecTBOM repMaHHH, OH 6hIJJ, TIO-BH)J;HMOMy, ysepeH B ee
no6e.ne Ha.n; coI03HHKaMH. BechMa B03MO)f(HO, 'ITO ITnn-
cy.n;cKHii HC)J;OJJJ06JJHBaJJ HCMIJ,eB H JJJ06HJJ <f>paHu,y30B H
aHrJJH'laH. Ho Ha nepBoM nnaHe y Hero, ecTeCTBeHHO,
CTOSl:JIH HHTepeCbl TIOJJhllIH. Ilo ero MHCHHIO, no6e.na
u;eHTpaJJhHhIX .nep)f(aB .M02Aa IlOBJIC'lh 3a co6oii C03)J;aHHe
IlOJihCKOro rocy.napCTBa no.n CKHileTpOM ra6c6yproB, -
OH Il03TOMY co Bceii HCKpeHHOCThlO H npHCSl:rHyJJ 5 cen-
rn6psi: 1914 ro.na HMneparnpy <l>paHu,y MocHcpy. C'IHTaSl:Ch
c neo6hIKHOBeHHoii HMnyJJhCHBHOCThIO naTyph1 IIHncy.n;c-
Koro, MO)f(HO MHOroe OTHCCTH H Ha C'leT ero cnenoii
<t>aHaTn'leCKOH nenaBHCTH K Poccuu· .

• B HHTep8blO c r. Krio.aOM Aue (8 1919 r.) nuncy.aCKHH OTKpoae11110 3TO H

CKR3aJ1. «A CCJlH 6bl COI0311HKH noiepnenH 11opallCeHne?» - cnpOCHJl HHTepBbloep
Mapman OTBeTun, '!TO u a 3TOM cny'!ae nonol1Cen11e Ilon&mu CTano 6bl ny'lme
npellCuero («Petit Parisien» 23 MapTa 1919 r.).

366
 IV.
B HeTop1rn .LIByx noene.rurnx ,neeSITHJieTHH MHoroe eine
noKphITO TanHon. Ho rJiaBHoe eTaJio H3BecTHhIM. 0.LIHH
IlOJIHTHqeeKHe ,LieSITeJIH ony6JIHKOBaJIH eBOH BOenoMHHaHHSI.
)1,pyrnM noeBSIIneHhI no,Lipo6Hhie 6HorpaqrnqeeKHe TPY.LlhI.
He eKa:>Ky, qT06h1 OHM 6hIJIH seer,Lia HHTepeeHhI. JlHxTeH6epr,
0,LIHH H3 OeTpoyMHeHllIHX nHeaTeJieH BoeeMHa,LIQaToro BeKa,
yBepSIJI, qTo 6HorpaqmH eHJihHhIX MHpa CTOHT qHTaTh JIHlllh
B TOM enyqae, eeJIH H3.LiaHHe 6hmo eoJKJKeHo PYKOI-O nana-
qa, - HHaqe, 5IeHO, B HeM HeT HM O,LIHOro eJIOBa npaB,Lihl.
3To, J<OHeqHo, myTKa. Ho Ha.LIO no enpase,LIJIMBOeTM npH-
3HaTh, qTo B XVIII sexe nepe.LI eMJihHhIMM MMpa Bee :>Ke He
pa3JIHBaJIMeb Te IlOTOKH rpy6ou JieCTH, KaKHe nopOI-0 BeTpe-
qaroTe51 B 6Morpa<lJM5IX repoeB eospeMeHHOro, ,LieMOKpaTM-
qeeKoro M He,LieMoKpaTMqeeKoro MHpa. TipaB.Lia, H JKHBYT
3TH 6Horpa<lJMH He oqeHb ,LIOJiro, KaK He BeqHhl H HeKOTOpbie
Mx repoM. reH:He rosopMJI o Meuep6epe: «OH 6y.LieT 6ee-
eMepTeH Bero eBOI-0 JKM3Hh M ,Lia:>Ke HeMHoro ,LIOJihllle, IlOTOMY
qTo OH 3anJiaTMT snepe,LI». Teneph MHoroe M3MeHMJIOeh; eeJIM
eeTh soeTop:>KeHHhie 6Morpa<lJhl y nro6oro PoK<lJeJmepa, TO
eeTh OHM H y Csep,LIJioBa, H y KaMo ...
BpeMSI oqeHh noHM3MJIO paeQeHKY pyKoBO.LIMTeJien rep-
MaHeKon IlOJIHTMKM He,LiaBHero BpeMeHM. 113 ony6JIHKO-
BaHHhIX B noeJie.LIHMe rO)J.bl pa3Hh!X HeMeQKMX MeMyapoB
Haq1rnaeT IlOHeMnory BhI5IeH51Tbe51 MeTOpM51 Toro aKTa,
KOTOpb!M QeHTpaJihHhie ,Liep:>KaBhl «BoeeTaHOBHJIM IlOJih-
eKoe KoponeBeTBo». KTo TOJihKO B nopy BOHHhI He Boe-
xMinane51 (xOT51 6b! e HeHaBMeThl-0) pa60TOH repMaHeKOH
roey,LiapeT8eHHOH MallIHHbi? 3TO 6hIJI eaMhIH MOinHhIH
BOeHHO-nOJIMTMqeeKMH annapaT, KOr,Lia-JIH6o eyineeTBO-
BaBllIHH B HeTOpMH. c
eoBepmeHHOH, 6e30llIH6oqHoH Toq-
HOeTbl-0 OH MeilOJIH5IJI Bee TO, qero XOTeJIM ynpaBJI51BllIHe
HM JII-0)1.M. 0,LIHaKO H3 Il05IBMBllIHXe51 MHOroqMeJieHHbIX
MeMyapoB Mhl Tenepb BM,LIMM, qTo JII-0,LIH 3TM eaMM He
3HaJIM, qero MMeHHO OHM XOTeJIM.
EHeMapK rosopHJI B 1883 ro.Liy KH513I-O 1oreHJI03, qTo
BOHHa MeJK.LIY PoeeMen M !epMaHHen HeH36eJKHO npHBe,D.eT
K e03,LiaHMI-O He3aBHeHMOH TioJibllIH. TipopoqeeTBO KaHQ-
nepa T5IroTeno Ha.LI seeMM ero npeeMHMKaMM. EeTMaH-
1oJihBer B esoMx «Pa3MhillIJieHM5IX o BOHHe» np5IMO yTsep-
JK,LiaeT, qTo e HeMeQKOH TOqKH 3peHH51 6bIJIO HeB03MOJKHO
xopomo pa3pemMTh noJiheKMH sonpoe: Morno 6hITh TOJih-
Ko 6onee HJIH MeHee nnoxoe pemeHHe •.
' Th. v. Beethman-Holweg. Betrachtungen zum Weltkriege. Bd.11. S. 91.

367
 B BeHe BH.ri;Heiinme rocy.z:i;apcTBeH11b1e .z:i;esiTeJIH CTOSIJIH
Ja TaK HaJbIBaeMbIH «aBCTpo-nOJibCKHH npoeKT», T.e. Ja
BKmoqenHe BCeH, HJIH noqTH BCeH, IlOJibllIH B COCTaB
ra6c6yprCKOH HMnepHH. K 3TOMY CKJIOHSIJICSI H CaM HM-
nepaTop <l>pami; Mocmp. B Haqane BOHHbI He BOJpaJKaJio
nponrn TaKoro pellleHHSI H npaBHTeJibCTBO BHJihreJih-
Ma II: B 1915 ro.z:i;y repMaHCKHH nocon qHpllIKHH nepe.z:i;an
.ri;aJKe COOTBeTCTBeHHOe nHCbMeHHOe npe.ri;JIOJKeHHe 6apoHy
BypHaffY. BHJihreJihM cTaBHJI, o.ri;HaKo, H o6siJaTeJibHoe
ycnoBHe: OH Tpe6oBaJI, qT06h1 B 6y.ri;yll.(eM BeHCKOM nap-
JiaMeHTe 60JibllIHHCTBO 6bIJIO o6ecneqeHO HeMel.(KHM 3Jie-
MeHTaM HaceJieHHSI. 3TO ycJIOBHe, no-BH,[l;HMOMy, OJa.ri;a-
qffJIO BypHaHa, KaK OH KO BCeMy HH npHBbIK Ja .ri;oJirHe
ro.ri;bI aBCTpo-BeHrepcKoro napnaMeHrnpHJMa. BapoH By-
pHaH yKaJaJI nocny, qTo o6siJaTeJihHoe ycJIOBHe Tpy.ri;Ho-
BhIIlOJIHHMo: COCTaB napJiaMeHTa BCe JKe, .z:i;o HeKOTOpoH:
CTeneHH, JaBHCHT HOT HJ6HpaTeJieH.
BnpoqeM, repMaHcKoe npaBHTeJihCTBO CKopo HJMeHHJIO
CBOH BJrJIM na noJibCKHM sonpoc. 06 aBcTpo-noJihCKOM
npoeKTe He xoTeJI CJibilllaTh H rpacp Twcca, B TY nopy ell.(e
noqTH sceMOryll.(HM B Bene. Twcca He JKeJiaJI npespall.(eHHSI
.z:i;sye.ri;HHOM MOHapxHH B TpHe.ri;wnyio. OH B.ri;o6aBOK He.ri;o-
mo6JIHBaJI noJISIKOB. BhlcTynneHHSI TwccbI no noJihCKOMy
BOnpocy 6bIJIH )J;OBOJibHO CBOeo6paJHbl. rpacp qepHHH B
CBOHX BOCnOMHHaHHSIX paccKaJbIBaeT, qTo Twcca npe)];Jla-
raJI OT,[l;aTb BCIO fIOJibllIY repMaHHH «B 06MeH Ha XOJSIH-
CTBeHHbie H cpHHaHCOBbie KOM6HHal.(HH>> •. c
.z:i;pyroii cropo-
Hbl, no cnoBaM rp. AH.ri;pallIH ••, Twcca poBHO HHqero He
HMeJI 11 npoTHB Toro, qT06b1 IloJibllla ocTanacb Ja Pocc:Heii.
BeTMaH-roJihBer Kone6ancsi. EMy He oqeHh xoTenoci,
BOCCTaHaBJIHBaTh IloJibllIY. Ho OH 6oSIJICSI PoccHH. Kone-
6aHHSI 6bIJIH npocpecc:He:H BeTMaHa-ronbBera. Ilopo10
OCTaBJISIJia JKeJiaTh nyqlllero H ero OCBe.ri;OMJieHHOCTh ....
CaM HMnepaTop Bm1hreJihM MeHSIJI pelllemrn KaJK)];hle .ri;Be
He.ri;eJIH. Ilocne OTna.ri;eHHSI aBcrpo-nOJihCKOro npoeKTa BOJ-
HHKJia MhlCJih 0 TOM, qTo6hI c.z:i;enaTh HJ IlOJihllIH no11yca-
MOCTOSITeJibHOe «rocy.z:i;apCTBo-6ycpep». 11 HaKOHel.(, 6bIJIO
pellleHO C03,[l;aTh HeJaBHCHMOe nOJihCKOe rocy.z:i;apCTBO.
B TY nopy rocy.z:i;apcTBeHHhie Bonpocb1 pelllaJIHCh BoeH-
HbIMH JilOllhMH. Ho H cpe.ri;H HHX cyll.(eCTBOBaJIH paJHhie

• Ottocar Czernin Im Weltknege. S. 281.

•• Julius Andrassy. Diplomatie und Weltkrieg. S. 163 .
••• B CBOHX BOCDOMHUaHHllX OH rosopHT, '!TO naTpHOTH'ICCICOe soo.nywellJICUHe
e PoccHH e ro.nbl eoiiHbl DHTaJIOCb .neabraMH AHTaHTbl H B03MOllCHOCTblO orpoM-
HblX 3apa60TICOB ua BOCHHblX 3aICa3ax. qeM ue 60JibWCBHIC!

368
MHeHIUI. qepe3 BOeHHbIX H BeJIH arHTaQHIO - c 60JibllIHM
HCKYCCTBOM - 110JlbCKHe IIOJIHTHqecKHe AeS!TeJIH. 0HH
yBepS!JIH repMaHCKHX H aBCTpHHCKHX reHepaJIOB, qTo CTO-
HT QeHTpaJihHbIM Aep)f(aBaM BOCCTaHOBHTb IlOJihIIIy, KaK
COTHH TblCSlq A06poBOJlbQeB XJibIHYT B apMHIO c pa3HbIX
KOHQOB IJ;apcrna I1011hCKoro. MM YAaJIOCh y6eAHTh B
3TOM cpeJihAMaprna11a Ee3e11epa, repMaHcKoro reHepa11-ry-
6epHaTopa BaprnaBhI. <l>eJihAMaprna11 AOJIO)f(HJI HM11epa-
Topy BH11bre11bMy, qTo 11poB0Jr11arneHHe HeJaBHCHMOH
IlOJibllIH MO)f(eT AaTb QeHTpaJihHbIM Aep)f(aBaM BOCeMh-
COT TblCSlq IIOJibCKHX COJIAaT·. 3Ta QHcppa IIpOH3BeJia
CHJlbHOe B11eqaTJieHHe B BOeHHbIX Kpyrax, - BOHCKa 6bIJIH
oqeHh, oqeHh HY)f(Hbl. IlpaBAa, B o6MaH AaJIHCh AaJieKo He
Bee reHepaJibl. qpe3BbiqaifHO HeAOBepqHBO OTHeCJIHCb K
11JiaHy H K QHcppaM Ee3e11epa H <l>aJihKeHraifH, H reQeH-
AOpcp, H B oco6eHHOCTH 11aMS1THhIH HaM 110 EpecT-JlHTOB-
cKy MaKC rocpMaH, KOTOpbIH B CBOHX BOCl10MHHaHHSIX
qyTh He c 11pOKJISITHSIMH roBOpHT 06 3TOH «rny11oif, He-
cqacTHOM JaTee» ... He CJIHIIIKOM BepHJIH eif H HeK0Topb1e
IIITaTCKHe 110JIHTHKH. <l>aJibKeHraHH, HaqaJibHHK reHepaJih-
Horo IIITa6a, IIOCTaBHJI BOIIpoc pe6poM ... : He HaAO HaM HH
He3aBHCHMOH IloJihIIIH, HH 110JihCKOH apMHH. Ho 3Be3Aa
<l>aJihKeHraHHa y)f(e 3aKaThIBaJiaCh. c
11epeXOAOM rJiaBHOH
KBapTHpbI K JlIOAeHAOpcpy AeJIO COBeprneHHO H3MeHHJIOCb.
KaK HH CTpaHHO, JlIOAeHAopcp 110BepHJI! Ha BoceMhCOT
TbICSlq A06pOBOJlhQeB OH He HaAeSIJICSI, HO, 110 ero pacqeTy,
TpHCTa IISIThAeCSIT TbJCSlq 110JISIKOB AOJI)f(Hbl 6hIJIH BJIHTbCSI
B repMaHCKYIO apMHIO BCJieA Ja IIpOB03rJiarneHHeM He3a-
BHCHMOCTH IlOJibIIIH. He3aBHCHMOCTb IlOJibIIIH H 6hIJia
TOp)f(eCTBeHHO 11pOB03rnarneHa 5 HOS16psi 1916 roAa····.
«0CB060AHTeJihHbIH aKT BCeMHpHoro HCTOpHqecKoro 3Ha-
qeHHSI» 6bIJI COBeprneH, 11peMMyIQeCTBeHHO B QeJISIX Ha6o-
pa COJIAaT, 3HaMeHHTbIM BO)f(AeM repMaHCKHX HaQHOHa-
JlHCTOB H peaKQHOHepoB.

v.
0THOIIIeHHSI IlHJICYACKOro c HeMeQKHM KOMattAOBa-
HHeM 6bIJIH He CJIHIIIKOM xopornM. B AeKa6pe 1914 roAa

' M. Erzberger. Erlebnisse im Weltkrieg. S. 175.

" M. Hoffmann. Der Krieg der versiiumten Gelegenheiten. S. 151.
.::: E. V. Falkenhayn. Die Oberste Heeresleitung 1914--1916. S. 234.
3To HHCKOJl&KO He DOMCWaJJO 6epJJHHCKOMY H BeHCKOMY npaBHTeJl&CT&aM
o6cyllC,llaT& e 1917 r. DJJaH eoJepameHHll [(apCTea Ilon&cKoro Poccuu e cny'!ae ee
cornacHll Ha MHp.

369
 nrn;::i;eH6ypr JanpenlJI JiefHOHaM npe6hIBaHHe B repMaH-
CKOH OKKynau;HoHHoil: JOHe («Keine Legionare auf unserem
Boden»): OHH ;::i;omKHhl 6hIJIH OCTaBaThCSI Ha TeppHTOpHH,
JaHsrToil: ascTpHiiu;aMH. O;::i;Ha1<0 nocne soccTaHosneHHSI
IlOJlhCKOfO rocy;::i;apcTBa repMaHCKOe KOMaH)l;OBaHHe B JIH-
u;e EeJenepa cTano ycHJieHHo yxaxrnsaTh Ja I1Hncy;::i;cKHM,
O'leBH)l;HO, B Tex :>Ke u;ensrx nony11eHHSI BOChMHCOT ThlCSl'I
;::i;o6posonhu;es. I1onynS1pHOCTh ero cpe;::i;H nOJISIKOB pocna,
HMSI I1HJICY.ll:CKOfO Ha'IHHaJia OKpy:>KaTh nereH;::i;a. I1HJI-
cy.n;cKHH BOIIIeJI B COCTaB o6pa30BaHHOfO B BaprnaBe Bpe-
MeHHOfO rocy,n;apcTBeHHOfO COBeTa H 6hlJI H36paH npe,n;-
ce,n;aTeJieM BOeHHOH KOMHCCHH. OH Ben 011eHh yMHy10,
TOHKYIO, HCTHHHO naTpHOTH'leCKYIO IlOJIHTHKy, Tpe6ysr OT
HeMu;eB see 6onhrnHx ycTynoK, nocTeneHHO ocna6JIS1S1
CBOIO CBSl3h c aBCTpo-repMaHCKHM ,n;eJIOM.
Ha11anach pyccKasr peBOJIIOQHSI. BpeMeHHoe npaBHTe-
JihCTBO npoBoJrnacHno HeJaBHCHMOCTh IloJihlIIH. ITo-BH-
.D;HMOMy, B OTHorneHHH I1Hncy.n;cKoro K PoccHH npOH30-
rnen nepenoM. OH no.n;yMhrnan ,n;a:>Ke o TOM, 11To6h1 Ha
a3ponnaHe nepeneTeTb 11epe3 cPPOHT: IlO-BH,[J;HMOMy, OH
xoTeJI opraHH30BaTh HOBYJO apMHIO HJ noJISIKOB, cpa:>KaB-
IIIHXCSI B psr.n;ax pyccKHX BOHCK. IlnaH 3TOT He 6bIJI ocyme-
CTBJieH. Ho «nac}loc» 6oph6b1 B COI03e c repMaHHeH c
Ka:>K,n;hIM ,n;HeM cna6en B 6ypHoii .n;yrne I1Hncy.n;cKoro.
0:>KH.D;aHHSI :Se3enepa He BilOJIHe onpas.n;aJIHCh: BMeCTO
BOChMHCOT ThlCSl'I IlOJlhCKHX .n;o6poBOJlhQeB HX SIBHJIOCh
1373, H3 KOTOpbIX fO,[J;HhIMH ,[J;JISI BOeHHOH cny:>K6bI OKa3a-
J10Ch 697. O.n;ypa11eHHhIH Jl10.n;eH.n;opc}l npHrnen B SlpOCTh.
KaKHM o6pa30M CTapbIH, OilhITHhIH BOHH Mor paCC'IHThl-
BaTb, 'ITO nocne .n;Byx c nonoBHHOH neT BOHHhI, npH
BCe06Iu;eH IlOBaJihHOH YCTaJIOCTH ,n;a:>Ke B repMaHHH, BO
<l>paHQHH, B AHrJIHH, Ilonhrna .n;acT eMy, .D;JISI coMHHTeJih-
HhIX rocy.n;apCTBeHHhIX BhlfO.D;, COTHH ThlCSl'I HOBhlX COJI-
.n;aT, - 3TO OCTaeTCSI Jara,n;KOH. repMaHCKOe KOMaH.D;OBa-
HHe npHnHcano Heycnex cBoero .n;ena arnTaQHH I1Hncy.n;c-
Koro, HHTpHraM ero IlO,[J;IlOJlhHhIX areHTOB. 21 HIOJISI 1917
ro.n;a I1Hncy.n;cKHH 6hIJI apecToBaH B BaprnaBe H oTBe3eH
cHa11ana B ,[J:aHu;Hr, JaTeM B Mar.n;e6ypr.
Jly11rneil: ycnyrn HeMu;hI He MOrJIH eMy 01<aJaTh.

VI.
OH 6hIJI ocso6o:>K.n;eH HJ Mar.n;e6yprc1<oil KpenoCTH
9 Hosr6psr 1918 ro;::i;a, B .n;eHh repMaHCKOH peBOJIIOQHH. B
«Die Woche» noS1BHJICS1 orpoMHhIH nopTpeT I1Hncy.n;c1<0-
370
ro. 0cBo6oX<.uaTb X<e ero npnexan THTyJioBaHHhIM rep-
MaHCKHii oclmuep H MHOrOCTOpOHHHM, .uapOBHTbIM nnca-
TeJib, .[(O BOMHbl napHX<aHHH H3 napHX<aH, CO':IHHj{BIIIHM
6aJieTbl .[(Jljl TpynnhI .lJ:grHJieBa, OJJ:HHM CJIOBOM, O':leHh
MO.[(HbIM ':leJIOBeK, KOTOporo, B .[(OBeprneHHe 3cpcpeKTa, C':IH-
TaJIH (H Ha3bIBaJIH B ne':laTH) He3aKOHHbIM CbIHOM ':lpe3-
BbI':laMHO BbICOKOilOCTaBJieirnoro JIHUa, - B Ha':laJie Hog6-
pg 1918 ro.n:a caMoro BbICOKOilOCTaBJieHHOro JIHua Ha
cBeTe. Ocpnuep 3TOT 6hIJI nepeo.ueT B rnTaTcKoe nJiaThe n,
no CJIOBaM o':leBH.llUa, 3a BepcTy HanoMHHaJI repog MeJIO.ll-
paMbI. no ero KOCTIOMY IlHJICY.UCKHM cpa3y .[(Ora,llaJicg,
':ITO npon3ornna peBon10ung. Ocpnuep npoH3Hec Tpa.llHUH-
OHHhie CJIOBa: «rocno,llHH IlHJICY.llCKHM, Bbl CB060,llHbI!»
llepe3 .llBa .llHg co3,llaTeJih nernoHoB npn6hIJI B Bap-
rnaBy. Ero BCTpeTHJIH, KaK HaunoHaJihHoro repo». «CoBeT
pereHTCTBa» CJIO:>KHJI c ce6g BJiaCTh H nepe,llaJI ee Ilnn-
cy,llcKoMy. B Ka':lecrne BpeMeHHoro rnaBhI rocy,llapcrna
OH C03bIBaJI nepBbIM IlOJihCKHM ceiiM Ha OCHOBe ,lleMOKpa-
TH':leCKoro H36HpaTeJibHOro 3aKOHa.

IloJibIIIa npH3HaJia IlHJICY.[(CKOro, HO 3TOro 6hIJIO He-

,llOCTaTO':IHO. Cy.uh6b1 MHpa H IloJihIIIH pernaJIHCh He B
BaprnaBe, a B IlapHX<e. TaM cymecrnoBaJI c 1917 ro,lla
IlOJibCKHM HaunoHaJihHbIH KOMRTeT, BO rJiaBe KOToporo
Haxo,llHJicg PoMaH ,ll;MoBcKnii, JIR':IHhIM R noJIRTR':lecxnii
Bpar BpeMeHHoro rnaBhI rocy,llapcrna. HaunoHaJihHhIH
KOMHTeT He HMeJI rocy.llapCTBeHHOM BJiaCTR, HO 3a HHM
CTOjlJIH no6e,llHTeJIR . .ll:MOBCKHM c caMoro Ha':laJia opHeH-
THpoBaJICjl Ha COI03HHKOB H IlOJib30BaJICjJ: y HHX 60JibIIIHM
BJIHjlHHeM. nhIJia y HaunoHaJihHoro KOMHTeTa R co-
6cTBeHHag CTOTblCjJ:':IHag apMHjl, o6pa30BaHHag BO <l>paH-
URH H3 aMepHKaHCKHX H HeMeuKHX (BoeHHOTIJieHHbIX) no-
JljJ:KOB. 0Ha HaXO.[(HJiaCb IlO,ll KOMaH,llOM reHepaJia raJI-
Jiepa. KneMaHco, BRJihCOH, Jlnoii.u .lJ:X<op.uX<, BCeMorymne
TpRyMcpaTOpbl 1919 ro.ua, MOrJIR B TY nopy 6e3 60JibIIIOro
Tpy,lla HaBg3aTh IlOJihIIIe KaKoe yro,llHO npaBHTeJihCTBO.
06rueH3BeCTHa HeHaBHCTb KJieMaHCO KO BCeMy, ':ITO XOTb
OT,llaJieHHO H CJiy':laMHO 6hIJIO CBjJ:3aHo c repMaHCKOH
oplieHTaUHeii. IlHJICY.llCKliM ,llBa ro,lla cpaX<aJICjJ: Ha CTOpo-
He ueHTpaJibHbIX ,llepilcaB . .lJ:ng Toro ':IT06bI 06 3TOM 3a6b1-
JIH B napHX<e, 3aKJIIO':leHRg B Mar,lle6yprCKOH KpenoCTH
6hIJIO, IlOX<anyii, He,llOCTaTO':IHO. 0.[(HHM CJIOBOM, B Hog6pe
1918 ro.ua eme o':leHh TPY.UHO 6hrno cKa3aTh, KTO xo3gnn
IlOJibIIIH: IlHJICY.UCKHM HJIR .lJ:MOBCKHM.
TOT':laC BCJie,ll 3a CBOHM npHXO.[(OM K BJiaCTH IlHJICY.ll-

371
 CKHH IIOCJiaJI pa,n;HOTeJierpaMMbl COl03HbIM rrpaBHTeJibCT-
BaM, MapruaJiy <l>orny, 11pe31-1,n;eHTY BHJihCOHy. BH,n;HMO,
OH BHa'laJie XOTeJI o60HTHCb 6e3 )J;MOBCKoro H 6e3 Ha-
QHOHaJihHOro KOMHTeTa. Ho oKa3aHHhIH eMy rrpHeM 6hIJI
11pe3Bb111aiiHo xoJio,n;eH. Co103Hb1e rrpaBHTeJibCTBa ocTaBH-
JIH 6e3 OTBeTa TeJierpaMMY rJiaBhI rroJihCKoro rocy.n;apcT-
Ba. <l>orn rrepe,n;aJI ee ,ll;MOBCKOMy· . .ll:eJieraQHH, IIOCJiaHHOH
B OapmK IlHJicy,n;cKHM, 6b1JI0 OTKaJaHo B rrpHeMe.
<l>paHQY3CKOe rrpaBHTeJibCTBO O'leHb 6JiaroBOJIHJIO K
rroJiaKaM. B Hoa6pe 1918 ro.n;a CTaBJieHHHK KJieMaHco,
MHHHCTp HHOCTpaHHbIX ,n;eJI IlHllIOH, pe,n;KO yrrycKaBllIHH
cJiy11aii c.n;eJiaTh KaKy10-JIH60 gaffe**, Ha Jace,n;aHHH Bep-
xoBHoro CoBeTa B BepcaJie Bbipa3HJI X<eJiaHHe BOCCTaHo-
BHTh IlOJibllIY B rrpe.n;eJiax, cyiQeCTBOBaBllIHX .n;o 1772
ro.n;a. nJIH3KHe K HeMy opraHbI 11e11aTH yTBepX<,n;aJIH ,n;a:>Ke,
11To OoJibrua B rrpe.n;eJiax 1772 ro.n;a Bcer.n;a cocTaBJIHJia
CTpaCTHOe :>KeJiaHHe H 11YTb JIH He rJiaBHYIO QeJih cppaH-
QY3CKOro rryaBHTeJibCTBa***. Ho 6JiarocKJIOHHOCTh «Quai
d 'Orsa y» ••• OTHIO,ll;b He pacrrpOCTpaHHJiaCb Ha IlHJICY.n;c-
KOro. 29 ,n;eKa6pa 1918 ro.n;a Om110H B rraJiaTe .n;erryrnrns
Ja»BHJI, 'ITO C'IHTaeT HaQHOHaJibHhIH KOMHTeT JaKOHHblM
npaaumeAbcmaoM lloAbwu·····. ::ho JaMe11aHHe BhI3BaJio B
rraJiaTe pe3KHe rrpoTeCTbl co CTOpOHbl COQHaJIHCTOB. 0,n;HH
H3 HHX, 3pHeCT JiacpoH, HaIIOMHHJI IlHllIOHY 0 IlHJicy.n;c-
KOM. B OTBeT MHHHCTP HHOCTpaHHbIX ,n;eJI BOCKJIHKHyJI:
«Bbl, Ka:>KeTCH, He 3HaeTe, 'ITO reHepaJI IlHJICy,n;cKHH cpa-
:>KaJICH rrpoTHB PoccHH B pa.n;ax aBcTpHHCKOH apMHH!»
OcpHQHaJibHhIH oT11eT OTMe11aeT J,n;ecb «6ypHbie pyKorrJie-

• MHe HeH3BecTHO, OTBeTHJI JIB IJ>ow Ha co6CTBeHHOpy•rnoe DHCbMO K HeMy

IlHJICY.UCKOro (OT 18 ,aeKa6pll 1918 r.}, B KOTOpOM rnaea nOJibCKOro rocy,aapcTBa
npH3HaBaJI, 'ITO IlOJibWa 06ll3aHa CBOHM BOCCTaHOBJieHHeM COI03HblM apMHllM. B
KOHl(e 3Toro nHC&Ma 6blJia ljlpa1a: «Le souvenir des durs combats et des victoires
communes... » («IlaMllTb o lKecTOKHX 6HTeax H 06U1UX no6e.aax». -rfip.) H T..a.
" Gaffe - onJIOWHOCTb (rfip.).
IlHWYWHii 3TH CTpaHHl(bl co6CTBeHHblMH ywaMH CJlb!WaJI, KaK IlHWOH, npHHH·
Mall PYCCKYIO .aeneral(HIO, B OTBeT Ha npllMOii eonpoc B. H. rypKO 3aBepHJI
.aeneraTOB 'leCTHbIM CJIOBOM, 'ITO O.aecca HH B KOeM CJiy'lae He 6y,aeT c,aaHa
COI03HHKaMH. 3To 6blJIO CKa3aHO I ljleepaJill 1919 r., 3a HCCKOJlbKO He,UeJib .ao
JBaK~aUHH O,aecc&1.
" Ha.ao JIH roeopHTb, 'ITO 3TO 6blJio 'IHCTeiiweii ljlaHTa3Heii? B 'IHCJie ony6-
JIHKOBaHHblX 6oJI&WeBHKaMH B 1918 r. CCKpeTHbIX ,UOKyMeHTOB 6blJI (HOM. 42
H3.UaHHll Jlanya) .aoroeop ljlpaeuy1cKoro npaBHT.eJibCTBa c eawHM, no KOTopoMy
PoccHH npe,aoCTaBJillJlac& noJIHall ceo6o.aa B onpe,aeJieHHH 1ana,aHoii rpaHHUbl, -
HHblMH CJIOBaMH, CB06o.aa ,UeJiaTb c IloJI&Weii 'ITO yrO.UHO. c . .n;.
Ca30HOB .ao Toro
MHOroKpaTHO (a .aea pa3a H eeC&Ma pe3KO) 3al!BJlllJI COI03UHKaM, 'ITO noJibCKHii
eonl?oc ecr& BHYTpeHHee .aeno PoccHH.
... Ha6epelKHall .a'Opc3 (pe3H,UeHl(Hll MHHHCTepCTBa HHOCTpaHHblX ,aeJI IJ>paH-
l(HH).. - llpuM. pea.
'"' «.Journal Officiel», 30 .aeKa6pll 1918 r., CTp. 3724. - 3TO enoCJie,aCTBHH
6&IJIO, no-BH.aHMOMy, npH3HaHO o6MOJIBKOii.

372
 cKamrn Ha 6oJihIIIOM 11ncJie cKaMeii». )l,erryTaT MeKHJihe
TYT )Ke Ha3BaJI TinJicy.ri;cKoro «6orneM».
lfa CBoero 11pe3Bh111aiiHo Tpy.ri;Horo IIOJIO)l(enm1 TIHJI-
cy.ri;cKHH BhirneJI c ycrrexoM, o6uapy)l(HB B 3TOM cJiy11ae H
60JihllJOH yM, H BhI,[J;aIOmnecH ,l\HIIJIOMaTH'leCKHe crroco6-
HOCTH. Ou IIIeJI Ha KOMIIpOMHCChl, HO He )l(epTBOBaJI ,l\JIH
HHX CBOHM .z:i;ocTOHHCTBOM H ue Jie6e3HJI rrepe.z:i; TpnyM-
cpaTopaMH TaK, KaK ,n;eJiaJIH B TY rropy O'leHb MIIOrHe
rocy.z:i;apcTBeHHhie JIIO.l\H. B BaprnaBe o6pa3oBaJicH rrpoTHB
Hero 3ar0Bop: HeCKOJihKO rrpaBhIX IIOJIHTH'leCKHX ,n;eHTeJieH
H ocpm.(epoB, BO r JiaBe c KHH3eM Carrero ii, B HO'lh Ha 5 HH-
BapH 1919 ro.z:i;a apeCTOBaJIH MHHHCTpOB H TmeTHO IlhITa-
JIHCh rro,n;HHTh BoiicKa rrpoTHB rJiaBHOKOMaH,n;yIOmero. 1'13
3ar0Bopa HH11ero He BhillJJIO. TinJicy,n;cKHH HCKYCHO 3aMHJI
3TO ,n;eJio. He OTKa3bIBaHch OT Heo6xo,n;HMhIX ycTyrroK,
CTapaHch BhrnrpaTh BpeMH, rrocTerreHHO YKPernrnH CBOIO
BJiaCTh B TioJihrne, TinJicy,n;cKHH rrorneJI H Ha corJiarneHHe c
)l,MOBCKHM. 21 .z:i;eKa6pH 1918 ro.z:i;a rnaBa rocy.z:i;apcrna
o6paTHJICH K CBOeMy CTapoMy rrpOTHBHHKY c IIHChMOM, B
KOTOpOM rrpe,n;JiaraJI «3a6bITh HHTepeChl rrapTHH, Kpy)l(-
KOB, rpyrrrr» H ofrbe,l\HHHThCH ,l\JIH 3amHThl Hal.(HOHaJihHhIX
HHTepecoB TioJibllJH. Tipe,n;JIO)l(eHHe 3TO 6hIJIO rrpHHHTO He
JierKo H He cpa3y, o,n;HaKo 6bIJIO rrpHHHTO. TioJIHKH, KOTO-
pbIX TOJlhKO JieHHBhIH He o6BHHHJI B Be'IHOH CKJIOHHOCTH K
pa3.z:i;opaM H He rrorrpeKaJI HCTOpH'leCKHM «He Il03BaJIHM»,
cyMeJIH B pernHTeJihHYIO MHHYTY .z:i;oroBopHThCH, - oT-
.z:i;a,n;HM IIOJIHYIO crrpaBe,l\JIHBOCTh HX naTpHOTH3MY H pa3y-
My. )l,MOBCKHH npH3HaJI TinJicy,n;cKoro rnaBOH rocy.z:i;apcT-
Ba, TIHJicy.z:i;cKHH npH3HaJI )l,MOBCKoro ,n;eJieraTOM TioJihllJH
Ha KOHcpepeHQHH MHpa. B pe3yJihTaTe .z:i;oroBopa B Bap-
IIIaBe o6pa3oBaJIOCh 6oJiee HJIH MeHee HeiiTpaJihHoe rrpa-
BHTeJihCTBo: o6e CTOpOHhl COIIIJIHCh Ha Tia.z:i;epeBCKOM.
Tipo<PecCHH 3HaMeHHTOro nHaHHCTa ,n;aBaJia IIOBO,l\ K IIIy-
TO'IKaM, HO, B cymHOCTH, OH 6hIJI Tor.z:i;a JIY'lllJHM H3 Bcex
B03M0)1(HbIX KaH,n;H,n;aTOB.
TinJicy.z:i;cKHH 6Jiecrnme BbrnrpaJI 011eHh TPYllHYIO
rrapTHIO. TpnyMBHpb1 rrpH3HaJIH coBepIIIHBrnniicH <PaKT.
KJieMaHco, BH.l\HMO, MaxHyJI pyKoIO: TIHJicy,n;cKHH cpa-
)l(aJICH rrpe)l(.z:i;e Ha CTOpOHe repMaHHH; HO H raJIJiep,
reHepaJI aBCTpHHCKOH CJiy)l(6hI, TO)l(e cpa)l(aJICH na CTOpo-
ne repMaHHH. B rJiy6nue .z:i;yrnn KJieMaHCO, BepOHTHO,
6hIJI O,l\HHaKOBoro MHeHHH 060 Bcex COl03HHKaX (KpoMe
cppaHQY30B H, 6hITh MO)l(eT, aHrJIH'laH), BCIIOMHHaH 1-ITa-
JIHIO B TpoiicTBeHHOM coI03e, HeK0Topb1e rro.z:i;po6HocTH
rreperoBopoB c PyMhIHHeii H eme MHoroe .z:i;pyroe. TioJia-

373
,llHTb c aHrJIHHCKHM H aMepHKaHCKHM npa8HTeJihCT80M
IlHncy,llcKOMY 6b1JI0 MeHee TPY.llHO. BHJihCOH 6hIJI 8billle
8cero :noro H 8.llo6a80K caM no Tenerpacpy no3,llpa8mIJI 8
1915 ro,lly BHJihreJihMa II c ,llHeM ero po:>K,lleHHSI. Jlnoii:.ll
,ll;:>KOp,ll)!(, ,llOJI)!(HO 6bITb, He 3HaJI, KTO TaKOH IlHJICY.llCKHH,
a ecJIH H 3HaJI, TO 6bIJI rny6oKO pa8HO.llYllleH K nOJIHTHqec-
KOMY npolllJioMy rna8bI noJihcrwro rocy,llapcrna.

OH .llOCTHr QeJIH. IloJibllla 6bIJia 80ccTaHo8JieHa. Jina-

ro,llapS1 Heo6bIKH08eHHOH C80eH :mepmH H 8 oco6eHHOCTH
6naro,llapS1 CBOeMy Heo6bIKH08eHHOMY cqacThlO, IlHJI-
CY.llCKHH CTaJI 80)1(,lleM 80CKpeclllero qy,llOM rocy,llapcrna,
ero HauuoHaJibHhIM repoeM. CKa3Ka ocym;ecT8HJiach. C
ropa3.llO 6oJiblllHM npa80M, t1eM K repuory Jlo3eHy, MO)!(-
HO 6bIJ10 OTHeCTH K IlHJICY.llCKOMY CJI08a Jla6p10i1:epa: «II
n'est pas permis de rever comme ii a vecu»·.

IlepHO,ll 60JiblllHX ,lleJI, Ka3aJIOCb, I\OHqHJICSI .l{JISI

IlOJiblllJJ. Ho nepeitTJJ OT HHX K ,lleJiaM He CTOJlb 60JiblllHM
6bIJIO, n0-8H,llHMOMy, HeJierKO. 3To, co6CT8eHHO, H CTaJIO
rnaBHOH Tpare,llHeH 11HJICY.llCKOro. Ilep80HaqaJibHblH 3H-
TY3Ha3M, KOTOpbIH OH 8bI3bIBaJI Ha pO.llHHe, noHeMHory
cna6en. To )i(e caMoe cnyqanocb c KneMaHco, c Jinoii.ll
,lJ.)!(Op.ll'lKeM, c BHJihCOHOM. 3HTY3Ha3M 8oo6m;e ocna6en y
8Cex H KO 8CeMy: 8 TeqeHHe tieTbipex JieT JIIO.l{H, OTKpbIBaSI
ra3eTy, HaXO,llHJIH 8 Heii: MHp08bie co6hITHSI, - OT 3T0f0
npHXO.llHJIOCb OT8hIKaTb. B IloJibllle «C8S1m;eHHoe e,llHHe-
HHe» npO,llOJI'JKaJIOCb He,llOJifO. IlepBblH ceii:M OTHIO,llb He
onpa8,llaJI Ha,llC)!(.ll IlHJICY.llCKoro. Ero MHoroq11cneHHh1e
BparH - JIIItlHbie, nOJIHTifqecKHe, «KJiaCC08bie» - nepe-
lllJIH 8 HacTynJieHIIe. ,lJ.M08CKHH, OCTa8JieHHblH He y ,lleJI no
MHHOBamm B HeM Ha,llo6HOCTH, He CKpbIBaJI C80HX tIYBCTB
B OTHOIIIeHHII rJia8bl rocy,llapcTBa. «IlOKJIOHHHKH I11rn-
cy,llCKoro, - IlHCaJI OH, - IICnOJib308aJIII Tpy6hI 8 QeJISIX
JIHtIHOH peKJiaMbl C80eMy 80)1(,l{IO II OCbIIlaJIII ero noxeana-
MII, HOCII81llHMH xapaKTep BH3aHTHHCKOH yro,llJIII80CTH.
IlHJICY.llCKHR y8epoBaJI B CBOIO np08II,lleHUHaJibHYIO MHC-
CHIO II 8030MHHJ1 ce6SI no6e.l{HTeJieM» ...
B 1920 rD.llY nOJihCKHe 80HCKa no,ll KOMaH,llo8aHHeM
IlIIncy.llcKoro .ll8HHYJIIICh noxo,lloM Ha KHe8. Ilo o6m;eMy
OT3bl8Y IlOJibCKIIX IICCJie,llOBaTeJieH, 3TO 6hIJia «npeBeHTII8-
Ha.SI» Boii:Ha. BnpoqeM, HacTynaTeJihHhIX BOHR 8 IICTOpHH
HHKOf,lla He 6bIJIO II He 6y,lleT: Bee BOHHbl ,lleJI.SITCSI Ha
o6opOHIITeJibHble II «npe8eHTH8Hbie».

• «HCJJb3ll B006pa3HTb, KaK OH llCHJl» (flip.).

374
 CaMo co6oro pa3yMeeTcSI, npeBeHTHBHaSI BOHHa 1920
ro;::i:a OTHIO)l:b He HMeJla u,eJlhIO csep)l(eHHe B PocCHH 60J1b-
meBHCTCKOH BJlaCTH. EcJJH 6bl TaKOBa 6bIJJa ee u,eJJb,
TiwJJcy;::i:cKHH ABHHYJJCSI 6hl He Ha KweB H OTKpbm 6h1
BOeHHble ;::i:eii:cTBHSI paHhme, B TY nopy, Kor;::i:a pyeeKaSI
;::i:o6poBOJ1b'leeKaS1 apMHSI BeJJa yenemHyro 6oph6y e 6oJJh-
meBHKaMH. CoBeTeKHH rnaBHOKOMaH;::i:yromwii: 1920 ro;::i:a
TyxatieBeKHH B eBoeii: KHHre o noJJheKo-eoBeTeKoii: BOHHe
npSIMO fOBOpHT: «EeJlH 6bl IlOJlheKoe npaBHTeJlheTBO ey-
MeJlO erOBOpHTbeSI e ,ll;eHHKHHbIM AO ero KpymeHHSI, eeJJH
6bl OHO He 60SIJ10eb HMnepHaJlHeTCKOfO Jl03yHra «BeJlH-
KaSI, e;::i:wHaSI H He;::i:eJJHMaSI PoeeHSI», TO HacTynJJeHHe ,ll;eHH-
KHHa Ha MoeKBy, no;::i:;::i:ep)l(aHHoe Ha 3ana;::i:e noJJbeKHM
HaeTynJJeHHeM, MOfJlO 6bl AJJSI Hae KOH'IHTbeSI ropa3;:J:O
xy)l(e»·.
BrrpotieM, IlHJJey;::i:eKHH H caM eKa3aJ1, HMeSI B BHAY
a;::i:M. KoJJ'laKa H reH. ,ll;eHHKHHa: «Bee JJy'lme, 'leM OHM.
Jlyqme 6onhmeBH3M!»
,ll;eii:eTBHTeJibHOH u,eJibIO soii:HbI 1920 ro;::i:a 6blna, Ko-
He'IHO, «TIOJiblIIa OT MOpSI ;::i:o MOpSI» HJIH, no Kpa:Uueii:
Mepe, HeKoTopoe ee no;::i:o6He. B. CepomeBeKHH, 6JIH3KHH
;::i:pyr TIHJJey;::i:eKoro, IJ,HTHpyeT B eBoeii: KHHre ero eJIOBa:
«nenopyeeuSI, JIHTBa, YKpauna - oeHOBbI Hameii: 3KOHO-
MH'leeKoii: He3asueuMocTH». TaJJaHTJlHBbIH nonheKHH nw-
eaTeJib TYT )l(e - eosepmeuuo eepbe3HO - .uo6aBJIS1eT,
'ITO Iluney.ueKHH Me'ITaeT 0 cpe.uepaU,HH Beex eBponeHCKHX
roey;::i:apeTB, HO TaK KaK 3TO semb ue JlerKaSI, TO ,l{JISI
Ha'laJia OH XOTeJI 6bl e03;:J:aTb cpe.uepaU,HIO HeeKOllbKHX
MaJieHhKHX Hapo.uoB BO rnaBe e Tionhmeii:. Henh3SI He
ou,eHHTh 3TO «Ha'lano». OT TaKoro nau,HcpH3Ma He OT-
Ka3aJICSI 6hl H reHepan Jlro.ueH.uopcp.

VII.
0 BOHHe 1920 ro.ua SI fOBOpHTb He 6y;::i:y, - OHa BeeM
naMSITHa, H rryeTh o Heii: ey.USIT eneu,uanHeTbI. Ka)l(eTeSI,
OHH no-pa3HOMY 060S1eHSIIOT eTpaHHbIH xo.u 3TOH BOHHbl.
,ll;eii:eTBHSI Il1rney.ucKoro Bbl3bIBaJIH H pe3KYIO KpHTHKy, If
BOCTOp)l(eHHbie IlOXBaJlbl. Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, B Te ,UHM,
Kor.ua 60J1blIIeBHKH IIO,l{OlIIJIH K BapmaBe, OH eyMeJI BOO-
.uymeBHTb .UJISI rroeJJe,UHero ycHJIHSI rroJibCKHe BOHeKa, -

' l\HTHpyw no <!>pau11}'3cK0My nepeso.ny KHHrH Tyxa'leBcKoro.

375
MaprnaJI, KOHe 1rno, HenapoM HMeeT TaKoe MHO:>KeCTBO <Pa-
HaTlflleCKHX IIOKJIOHHHKOB.
Bo:>KnH o6eHX apMHH IIOCBSITHJIH nonpo6Hble Tpynhl
IIOJihCKO-COBeTCKOH BOHHe. I1HJicyncKHH B CBOeii YMHO H
TOHKO HaIIHCaHHOH KHHre (( 1920 ron» c yBa:>KeHHeM roBO-
pHT o BOeHHhIX TaJiaHTax Tyxa11eBcKoro, HO 3aTo o 60Jih-
lIIHHCTBe CBOHX IIOJIKOBonu;eB OT3hIBaeTCSl 6e3 oco6oii IIO-
XBaJihl. Tyxa11eBcKuii noBOJihHO npeHe6pe:>KHTeJihHO OT3hI-
BaeTcsr 0 CTpaTerHH IIOJlhCKHX reHepaJIOB, HO CBOl-0 KHHry
pa3BSl3HO 3aKaHlfHBaeT TaK: «rnaBHasr npu11uHa ttarnero
nopa:>KeHHSl JaKn1-011aeTCSl B HenocTaTKe nonroTOBKH Ko-
MaHny1-0ru;ux BoiicKaMH». 011eBnnHo, caMoro ce6Sl 28-neT-
HHH rnapneliCKHH nopylfHK ClfHTaJI COBepmeHHO nonroTOB-
JieHHbIM nnsr 3aHSITHSl noJI:>KHOCTH <f>orua, ruHneH6ypra H
AneKceeBa.
BoliHa KOHl./u/lacb nnsr ITonhmH xopomo. OnHaKo
Hl-OJlbCKOe KaTaCTpo<Pu11ecKoe OTCTYIIJieHHe HaHeCJIO ynap
nonynsrpHOCTH Mapmana ITuncyncKoro. BparH npunHChI-
Banu no6eny nelicTBHSlM npH6hrnmero H3 ITapu:>Ka reHepa-
na BeliraHa • u 6ecnpecTaHHO HanoMnHaJIH o TOM, lfTO
Mapman He nony11un BoeHHoro o6pa3oBaHHSl, na u Beeb
CBOH OIIhIT KOMaHnoBaHHSl npuo6pen JIHllib Ha BTOpo-
CTeneHHbIX non:>KHOCTSlX. Korna 6onhrneBHKH nonomnH K
BapmaBe, npaBbie noJIHTHKH noTpe6oBaJIH, lfT06b1 ITm1-
cyncKHH CJIO:>KHJI c ce6Sl KOMaHnoBaHne BOHCKaMH. BecbMa
pe3KO OT3hrnanHCh B TY nopy o nelicTBHSlX I111ncyncKoro
TaK:>Ke Ha 3anane. Co1-03Hb1e MHHHCTph1, :Oottap Jloy, rpa<P
C<Popu;a, 3aHBHJIH c napnaMeHTCKOH TpH6yHhI, lfTO noxon
nonsrKOB Ha KHeB 6h1JI ne11aJihHOH omn6KOH. Jlnolin
,[I;:>Kopn:>K, u;epeMOHHBlliHHCSl MeHhlIIe, 6ecnpecTaHHO IIO-
BTOPSIJI B naJiaTe o6ru;HH (oco6eHHO B CBOeH pelfH 11
aBrycTa), lfTO «IIOJISlKH caMH BO BCeM BHHOBaTbI», lfTO
«IIOJlbCKaSl apMHSl Morna 6hI OTpa3HTb Bpara, eCJIH 6bI BO
rnaBe ee CTOSlJIH onhITHhie, cnoco6Hhie n1-0nu» H lfTO
«ITonhma 3acny:>Kuna HaKa3aHHe». Ha 06paru;eHHy1-0 K
COl-03HHKaM IIp0Ch6y IIOJlhCKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa 0 IIOMO-
W:H rnaBa 6pHTaHCKOro npaBHTeJihCTBa OTBeTHJI, lfTO, B
cnyqae KaTeropHlfeCKOrO OTKa3a 60JibllieBHKOB OT nepe-
MHpHSl, OH nocoBemyem l/exuu oKa3aTh IIOMep:>KKY nonsr-
KaM. MHJihepaH npucnan BeliraHa H Tb1csr11y <Ppam~y3cKux

' 0THoweHHli MelK.z:tY BeiiraHoM H WTa6oM IlHJicy.z:icKoro 6b!JIH sec&Ma xo-

JIO.z:tHble ('1To6bl He CKll3aTb 6oJI&We). CaM IlHJICY.z:tCKHH paccKa3b!BaeT B csoeii
KHHre (CTp. 131), '!TO ero Ha'illJlbHHK WTa6a reH. Po3Ba,!IOBCKHH CHOCHJICli c
BeiiraHOM nocpe.z:tCTBOM nHC&MeHHblX .z:tHnJIOMaTH'iecKHX HOT, H6o YCTHhle p113-
rosopbl MelK.z:iy HHMH 6b!JIH «He H3 caMblX npHliTHblX».

376
oqmu,epoB. 0AHaKO eaMaSI BJIHSITeJibHaSI H3 napmKeKHX
raJeT nHeaJia 10 aBryeTa B nepeAOBOH eTaThe, qTo eeJIH
IlOJibIIIa He MOJKeT 60JibIIIe BeeTH 6oph6y, TO, KaK HH
rpyeTHO, HHqero He IIOAeJiaeIIIh: rpaHHU,a MeJKAY IlOJib-
IIIeH H PoeeHeil:, B KOHU,e KOHU,OB, KaeaeTeSI TOJibKO
IlOJibllIH H PoeeHH. noeJie OTeTynJieHHSI 60JibIIIeBHKOB
TOH Be3Ae nepeMeHHJieSI. Ho, no npHHSITOMY Bb1paJKeHHIO,
«OeTaJieSI oeaAOK». 11 AaJKe oqeHb ryeTOH oeaAOK.
OeTaJiesi OH H BO BHyTpeHHHX nOJibeKHX AeJiax. C
eaMoro e03AaHHSI IlOJibeKOH KOHeTHTYU.HH HaqaJiaCb rJiy-
xasi ynopHaSI 6oph6a ceil:Ma e flHJieyAeKHM. rJiaBa roey-
AapeTBa BeJI ce6si KOHeTHTYU.HOHHO. Ka6HHeThI eMeHSIJIHCh
6ecnpecTaHHO. KaJKeTesi, 6hIJIH 11cnpo60BaHb1 Bee B03-
MOJKHbie napJiaMeHTeKHe KOM6HHaU,HH. 0AHaKO IlHJieyA-
CKHH, BHAHMO, Bee 60JibIIIe TSirOTHJieSI pOJiblO KOHeTHTY-
IJ,HOHHOro rJiaBbI roeyAapeTBa. KaKOBbI 6hlJIH TOrAa ero
nJiaHbI H u,eJIH, eKa3aTh TPYAHO. EIIJ,e TPYAHee, noJKaJiyil:,
eKa3aTh :no Teneph.
B 1922 rOAY MapIIIaJI OTKa3aJieSI BbieTaBHTb eBOIO
KaHAHAaTypy Ha nocT npe3HAeHTa pecny6JIHKH. BMeeTo
Hero He oqeHb 3HaqHTeJibHbIM 60JibllIHHeTBOM 6bIJI H3-
6paH ero Apyr H eTopOHHHK HapyTOBHq. Ha YJIHu,ax
eTOJIHIJ,bl npOH30IIIJIH 6eenopSIAKH. qepe3 HeeKOJibKO AHeH
HOBbIH rnaBa rocyAaperna 6bIJI y6HT npaBbIM <PaHaTHKOM
HeBeAOMeKHM. IlpH3paK rpaJKAaHeKOH BOHHbI noKa3aJieSI
Ha MrHoBeHHe B BapIIIaBe. BJ1acTh noeTeneHHO eoepeAo-
TOqHJiaCh B pyKaX BparoB HJIH HeAo6poJKeJiaTeJieH IlHJI-
eyAeKoro. c npHXOAOM K BJiaeTH npaBoro Ka6HHeTa Map-
IIIaJI, 3aHSIBIIIHH 6bIJIO AOJIJKHOeTb HaqaJibHHKa reHepaJib-
Horo IIITa6a, AeMOHeTpaTHBHO IlOAaJI B OTeTaBKY H YAa-
JIHJieSI Ha noKoil:, noeeJIHBIIIHeb B CyJieIOBKe, noA Bap-
IIIaBoil:, Ha BHJIJie, IlOAapeHHOH eMy JierHOHepaMH.

VIII.
OH yIIIeJI B qacTHYIO JKH3Hh, HrpaJI B IIIaxMaThI, Boe-
nHTbIBaJI Aoqepeil:, nHeaJI HeTopHqeeKHe pa60Tb1. Ho, BH-
AHMo, qaeTHaSI JKH3Hb HeCKOJibKO ero TSirOTHJia. «Qui a bu
boira»·, - roBopsiT <Ppanu,y3hI. OoJIHTHqeeKHe AeSITeJIH co
eTOJib orHeHHOH AYIIIOIO yxoASIT na noKou He paHhIIIe
AeBSIToro JJ;eCSITKa - KaK KJieManco. IlHJieyAeKHH noAaJI

• «KTO DbeT, TOT 6y,11:eT DbllH» {(/jp.).

377
 B OTeTaBKY IlSITH.n;eeSITH IlSITH JieT OT po.n;y. PoBHO eTOJihKO
JieT 6hlJIO H Kapny v B MOMeHT ero OTpeqeHHSI OT npeeTO-
Jia. OTpeKIIIHHeSI HMnepaTop H3 3eTpaMa.n;ypeKoro MOHa-
eTblpSI .n;aBaJI eoBeTbl eBOHM npeeMHHKaM. IlHJiey.n;eKHH H3
CyneIOBKa eoBeToB He .n;aBaJI, - OHM 6hIJIH 6hl, BepoSITHO,
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IlOJiheKOH BaJIIOThl ynopHO IlOHH)J(aJieSI.
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noeT BOeHHOro MHHHeTpa. IlOJihIIIa H3YMHJiaeh - H He
6e3 oeHOBaHHSI: npe.n;eTaBHM ee6e, qTo BO <l>paHnHH
)l(o<l><PP npnexan 6bl e no.n;o6HbIM OTBO,ZJ;OM K ,ll;yMepry!
Tpe6oBaHHe MapIIIana 6hlJIO nenonHeHo, - :no He yBeJIH-
qnno npeeTH)J(a BJiaeTH. Ha ene.n;ywmnii .n;eHh 415 o<PHne-
poB SIBHJIHeh K IlHJiey.n;eKoMy; OT HX HMeHH reHepaJI Op-
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eTBO nporJIOTHJIO H :no, - TaKaSI BJiaeTb MO)J(eT eqHTaTh
ee6SI o6peqeHHoii.
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MH napJiaMeHTeKOH MexaHHKH, B IlOJibIIIe o6pa30BaJieSI
HOBhlH - KOTOpbIH no eqeTy? - npaBblH Ka6HHeT BO
rnaBe e BHTOIIIeM. Ha ene.n;y10m;Hii .n;eHh B «Kyphepe
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IIIan Ha3bIBaJI HOBoro MHHHeTpa-npe3H,ZJ;eHTa 6eeqeeTHbIM
H npo.n;a)J(HhIM qenoBeKoM. B HHTepBhIO 6bIJIH yrpo3bI.
BHTOIII BeJieJI KOH<l>HeKOBaTh HOMep «Kypbepa». IlpaBhie
ra3eTbl B 3KeTpeHHOM BhmyeKe eoo6m;HJIH 0 B036y)J(.n;eHHH
«ey.n;e6Horo npeene.n;oBaHHSI npoTHB KJieBeTHHKa». Ilpo-
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JIHeb npoHHKHYTh B CyneIOBK H y6HTh 6blBIIIero rnaBy
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378
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p.H IOHKepa. Ha Jam;uTy nocneJJ;Hero napnaMeHTapHoro
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Maprnan OTBeTHJI rnyTJIHBbIM TOHOM:
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HeT! 3To JaKOHHoe npaBHTeJibCTBO!
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379
 - JI y:>Ke no.n:yMaJI. JI - nepBbIH MapmaJI IloJibllIH.
JI C):{eJiaIO TO, 'ITO xo11y!
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cy.n:h6hl», BepuyBmerOC51 c OCTpOBa 3Jih6hI, K BblCJiaHHblM
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11euua51 6HTBa. Ha yJIHu,ax BapmaBhI .n:eiicTBOBaJIH nyJie-
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aBTOpHTeTy IlHJicy.n:cKoro. Ho B BapmaBe no6e.n:a y:>Ke
CKJIOH51JiaCb Ha CTopouy BOHCK MapmaJia. B HO'lh Ha 14 Ma51

380
 HatfaJIHCh no.nroTOBJieHm1 K LIITYPMY EeJihBe,nepa. Ilpe3H-
,neHT pecny6JIHKH BeJieJI OTCJIY)KHTb naHHXH,ny no norH6-
llIHM 3all(HTHHKaM pecny6JIHKH, 3aTeM BhiexaJI H3 .nsopQa
H nocJiaJI npe.nce,naTemo ceiiMa 3a.si:sJieH11e o csoeii oT-
cTaBKe. qepe3 noJI'laca nocJie :noro K Bapmase no,nomJia
sepHa.si: npaBHTeJibCTBY noMepaHcKa.si: ,nHBH3H.SI. Ho y)Ke
6hlJIO noJ,nHo. Bee B TaKHX ,neJiax onpe,neJI.si:eTc.si: cJiy-
qaeM, - .SI BH,neJI HIOJibCKHe ,nHH, OKT.S16pbCKHH nepesopoT
1917 ro,na ... B rpa)K,naHcKoii soiiHe He Ha.no onaJ,nhrnaTh,
,na)Ke Ha noJitfaca.
B .npy)KeCTBeHHhIX HHOCTpaHHhIX o<l>HQHOJax B cpoq-
HOM nop.si:,nKe TIHCaJIHCb CTaThH: « ... 3aKOHHhie Tpe6oBaHH.SI
.no6JieCTHOro IlOJIKOBO,nQa IIOJIY'IHJIH y,noBJieTBopeHHe ...
Bee HCKpeHHHe ,npy3h.SI IloJibLIIH c pa,nocTblO npo'ITYT» H
T. ,n. IlHCaJIH OII.SITh-TaKH He 6e3 orosopOK, - HeJierKa
yqacTb o<t>HQH030B: 'ITO, B caMOM ,neJie, eCJIH H3 Il03HaHH
rrp11,neT reHepaJI raJIJiep! ..

IX.
reHepaJI raJIJiep He IIpHLIIeJI. Ilo6e,na 6bIJia IIOJIHa.SI.
HaQHOHaJibHOe co6paHHe 3Ha'IHTeJihHhIM 6oJibLIIHHCTBOM
H36paJIO IlHJicy,ncKoro rrpe3H,neHTOM pecny6JIHKH. l1HO-
CTpaHHhie .npy3h.SI pa,nOCTHO II03,npaBJI.SIJIH «M.SITe)KHOro
reHepaJia». IlHJicy,ncKHH OTKJIOHHJI npe,nJIOX<eHHbIH eMy
IIOCT H 6e3 oco6oii rop.SI'IHOCTH 6Jiaro.napHJI HHOCTpaHHbIX
.npy3eif. Ilo co6cTBeHHOMY ero npH3HaHHIO, MapmaJI HC-
IlbIThIBaJI T.SIX<KYIO MOpaJibHYIO ycTaJIOCTb - ,nOBOJihHO
pe,nKoe nocJie,ncTBHe rro6e,noHocHoro rrepesoporn. 18
6p10Mepa ,naJIOCh eMy HeJierKo: OH Tor.na He 6bm, KaK
HarroJieoH, ,neMOKpaToM B HacMemKy.
<l>pH,np11x II coseToBaJI cHa'laJia Ja6oTHThC.SI o soeH-
HhIX ycrrexax ,neJia, a JIHLIIh noToM o ero MopaJihHOM 11
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CTOB HHKor.na He II03,nHO. IlHJICy,ncKOMY QHHH3M Bcer.na
6hlJI 'lyX<,n. OH co sceii HCKpeHHOCThIO HCKaJI onpas,naHH.SI
npoJIHToii KpOBH HecqacTHhIX Ka,neToB. Bo3MOX<HO, 'ITO
OTCIO,na H rromeJI ero HbIHeLIIHHH .nymeBHbIH Ha,nJIOM.
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BaM MapmaJia IlHJicy,ncKoro, OH xoTeJI c.nenaTh «nocAei>-
mo10 nonb1m1<y npaBHTh Hapo,noM 6e3 KHyTa». 0'1eHh np11-
.n11p'IHBh1ii KpHTHK, OQeHHBa.SI 3TH CJIOBa 0 IIOCJie,nHeii
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381
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COBblH KpH3HC H «Koppyrn~HSI». BaJIJOTa ,n:ewcTBHTeJibHO
na,n:ana. Ho ae,n:h H cppaHK na,n:an, a o MapKe H roaopHTb
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pa3Hb1X CTpaHax, B KOTOpbIX Ha CMeHy rocy,n:apCTBeHHOMY
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,n:eHHeM HpaBOB. "lJTo roBOpHTb, oqeHb HexopOIIIH 6bIJIH
HpaBhI npH nocne,n:HHX Jlw,n:oBHKax. Ho npH ,[(HpeKTOpHH
OHH JiyqIIIe He crnJm. HpaBhI ynyqIIIalOTCH B npe,n:eJiax
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IIIeCTBeHHHKOB. 3KOHOMHqecKoe IlOJIO)l(eHHe IlOJibIIIH He-
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IlOJIHTHqecKHH CMblCJI MaHCKoro ,n:ena H oco6eHHO ero
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co3,n:aTb HeqTo HOBoe». OH Mor 6h1 c HeKoTopbIM npaBoM

' HnoualicKHii ,L{MHTpHii HuauoBH'I (1832-1920) - pyccKHii HCTOpHK, ny6-

JJHQHCT. - IlpuM. peiJ.

382
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npH BH,n:e Toro, qTo .n:enaeTeSI B MHpe. 0,n:HaKO CKa3aTb,
qTo B ITonhrne HeT HuKaKou eBo6o,n:hl enoBa, TOJKe HeJih3SI.
)l(HJHb B rrpeKpaeHOH IIOJiheKOH eTOJIHQe He roBOpHT 0
THpaHHqecKoii BJiaeTH H 06 yrHeTeHHOM HaeeneHHH. Bee
,D;enaeTCSI HMeHeM 3aKOHHbIX peerry6JIHKaHeKHX BJiaeTeii.
0,n:HaKO KaJK,D;OMY MaJihqHrnKe H3BeeTHO, qTo BeSI BJiaeTb B
rocy,n:apcTBe rrpHHa,D;Jie:iKHT «,D;e.D;yrnKe» (TaK Ha3bIBaIOT
Maprnana nernoHepbl). ITHncy.D;cKHH eaM HHOr,D;a 06 3TOM
HaIIOMHHaeT ,ll;OBOJibHO orrpe,D;eJieHHO. «Moii BbI6op (,D;JISI
,ll;OJIJKHOeTH npe3H,D;eHTa peerry6JIHKH) oeTaHOBHJieSI Ha
oco6e MoeQHQKoro» (pe% 2 HIOHSI 1926 ro.D;a) ... «B cny-
qae cepheJHoro KpH3Hca si noCTaBJIIO ce6si B pacrropsiJKe-
HHe r. npe3H,D;eHTa pecrry6JIHKH H CMeJIO npHMY perne-
HHe» ... (HHTepBhIO 30 HIOHSI 1928 ro.D;a) H T . .D;. B ITonhrne
rrapnaMeHT HMeeT 6onhrne rrpaB, qeM, HarrpHMep, B 1-fra-
JIHH. Ho MyeeoJIHHH HHKOr,D;a He roBopHn c rrapnaMeHTOM
H 0 rrapnaMeHTe B TaKOM TOHe, B KaKOM ITHney.D;eKHH
roBOpHT e eeHMOM H 0 ceiiMe. J.fa yBaJKeHH.H K oqeHb
BhI,D;aIOIQeMye.H qenoBeKy HK BhieoKoH: rronbcKoH: KYJihType
Ha,D;O o60HTH MoJiqaHHeM MHOro cpaKTOB - OT CTaTbH
«.D:Ho rnaJa» .D;O He,D;aBHero (aBrycT 1930 ro.D;a) HHTepBbIO
IT11ncy,D;cKoro, ,D;aHHOro ,D;erryrnTy Me.D;JHHeKoMy, pe.D;aK-
Topy «raJeTb1 ITonhCKOH». B cBSIJH co eTaTbSIMH Map-
rnana IIOJibCKHe cpHJIOJIOrH rrpOH3BO,ll;HJIH pa3Hhle IOMO-
pHeTHqeeKHe H3bICKaHHSI. 0,n:HaKO AJISI IOMOpa 3TH eTa-
TbH TeMhI He ,D;aBaJIH. Pa3Hbie paceyJK.D;eHHSI o TOM, qTo
MaprnaJI eTaBHT ce6e QeJihlO IIO,ll;HSITb CBOHMH peqaMH H
CTaTbSIMH yBaJKeHHe K noO/l.UHHOMY napnaMeHTapH3MY H K
HacmORIJ/eMy Hapo,D;onpaBCTBy, MOJKHO paccMaTpHBaTb
TOJibKO KaK llIYTKy.

383
 KaKoBa HacTo.snu:a.s1 u:enh I11rncy,n:cKoro, cKa3aTh He
6epych. 11 B IlCHXOJIOrIUf ero, H B ero IlOJIHTHKe O'leHb
HenerKo pa3o6paThC.sI. 011eHh cKopo nocne MaiicKoro ne-
peBopoTa OH oTnpaBHJIC.sI c BH3HTOM B HecBmKCKHH 3aMoK
KH.sI3.sI Anh6pexTa Pa,n:3HBHJIJia, H TaM Pa,n:3HBHJIJihI, Ilo-
TOU.KHe, JI1060MHpCKHe, qapTOpbICKHe 11eCTBOBaJIH ero
IlhlllIHhIM 6aHKeTOM. 3Ta MaHmpecTaU,H.sI Ha,n:enana O'leHb
MHOrO lllyMa. 3arOBOpHJIH 0 KaH,[(H,[(aType Maplllana Ha
npecTOJI. KH.sI3h 51Hylll Pa,n:3HBHJIJI B cBoeii pe11H HanoM-
HHJI o cTapHHHOM ,n:Bop.s1HCKOM po.n:e IlHncy,n:cKHX. MoHa-
pxH11ecKa.s1 ra3eTa «CJIOBO» Ha nepBOH CTpaHHU,e MHoro-
3Ha'IHTeJihHO noMeCTHJia p.s1,n:oM ,n:Ba orpoMHhIX nopTpeTa:
cneBa - CraHHCJiaB ABrycT IloH.sITOBCKHH (nocne,n:HHH
Koponh IloJihllIH), cnpaBa - Maplllan I03ecp IlHncy.n:-
CKHH... 3a HeCKOJihKO Mec.s111,eB .n:o Toro «Pa6oTHHK»
Bhl,[(BHraJI ero KaH,[(H,[(aTypy Ha ,[(OJI)f(HOCTh rnaBbl «pa60-
11e-KpeCTh.sIHCKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa»! CJIO)f(Ha.sI BeIIJ;h nonH-
THKa ...

Teneph, B 1930 ro,n:y, .n:eno, no-BH.D:HMOMy, TaK mrn

HHa11e npH6JIH)f(aeTC.sI K pa3B.sI3Ke. KaKoBa 6y.n;eT :na pa3-
B.sI3Ka, MhI He 3HaeM. Boo6m;e ny11llle He ocTaHaBJIHBaThC.sI
.n;onro Ha nocne.n;HeM nepHo.n;e noJIHTH'lecKoii KaphephI
IlHncy.n;cKoro. IlOBTOp.sIIO, CBeCTH 6e3 OCTaTKa ero )f(H3Hh
K KaKHM 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO npHHU,HnaM 6Horpacpy 6y.n;eT
BecbMa HenerKo. )l(HJHh :na oco6eHHO Harn.s1.n;Ho noKa3hI-
BaeT, KaK Mano MeCTa 3aHHMalOT B COBpeMeHHOH IlOJIH-
THKe npHHU,Hilhl H KaK MHOro MeCTa 3aHHMaIOT B Hett
CTpaCTH.

IlHJICY.D:CKHH KaK-TO CKa3aJI cppaHU,Y3CKOMY IlHCaTeJIIO

The6o-CHccoHy: «Mo.s1 noJIHTH11ecKa.s1 nporpaMMa? Y Me-
H.sI ee HeT ... Ka)f(,[(hlH H3 MOHX COOTe'leCTBeHHHKOB )f(,[(eT OT
MeH.sI .n;en np.sIMO npOTHBOilOJIO)f(HbIX TeM, KOTOpbIX Tpe-
6yeT ero coce.n;. KaK Bcex y,n:oBJieTBopHTh? Ha.n;o XHTpHTh,
naBHpoBaTh, TIIJ;aTeJihHO cKphIBaTh TO, 'ITO ,n:yMaelllh. OT
MeH.sI )f(,[(YT IlOBOpOTa BnpaBo: .sI yxo)f(y HaJieBO. )l(.n;yT
yKJIOHa BJieBo, .s1 yxo)f(y HanpaBo. 51 Hana.n;a10 Ha npo-
THBHHKa Bpacnnox. 3TO He IlOJIHTH'leCKa.sI, a BOeHHa.sI
Hrpa».
384
 Mrpa .n;eiicTBHTeJihHO soeHHa.si:. Ho Ha BOHHe rrpoTHB-
HHK .n;aH 3apaHee H QeJib .sICHa: Ha.n;o pa36HTb rrpoTHBHHKa.
B rroJIHTHKe He Tax see .si:cHo - rrpe)l(,n;e scero cne.n;yeT
TBep.n;o ce6e Bbl.sICHHTh: KTO Bparn, KTO .n;py3hSI, 'ITO .n;e-
JiaTh c sparaMH n 'ITO eoo6me .n;enaTb? Ho Ilnncy.n;cxnii,
qenoseK O'leHb YMHhIH, sonesoii n .n;apoBHThIH, rrpocTo
rrepeHec B IlOJIHTHKY )J;OBOJibHO qy)l()J;ble eii MeTO)J;bl CTpa-
Ternn. 0TKa3 OT )J;OJI)l(HOCTH rnaBhl rocy.n;apCTBa IlOCJie
y.n;a'IHoro rrepesopoTa n 6narorrony'IHoro H36paHnsi Ha
::ny .n;OJI)l(HOCTh, MaHmpecTaQnsi B HecBH)l(CKOM 3aMKe
TOT'lac BCJie.n; 3a BHeIIIHHM COI030M c COQHaJIHCTaMH -
see 3TO rrposieneHnsi TOH )l(e HerroH.sITHOH TaKTHKn: yKJIOH
eneso, xor.n;a )l()J;YT yxnoHa errpaso, yxnoH srrpaso,
xor.n;a )l()J;YT yxnoHa sneso. Hn B o.n;HOM .n;pyroM rocy.n;ap-
CTBeHHOM .n;esiTeJie .n;yIIIeBHOe pa3.n;BOeHne He CKa3bIBaeTCSI
Tax CHJibHO, xaK B HeM. Pe3Kasi rrepeMeHa B3rnsi.n;os -
caMoe o6hl'IHOe .n;eno B rroJIHTHKe. Ho B MapIIIane Ilnn-
cy.n;cxoM )l(HBYT O)J;HOBpeMeHHO caMbie pa3Hble, KaK 6y.n;TO
HeCOBMeCTHMbie HaCTpoeHHSI. Ilo-BH)J;HMOMy, ceifqac Ha.n;
eceM y Hero rrpeo6na.n;aeT HeHaBHCTb K rrapnaMeHTapn3MY
H BOJISI K e.n;HHOJIH'IHOH BJiaCTH. flOJibCKHH raMJieT y6HJI
ceoero .n;pyra Jla3pTa, - He 3HaIO, o'leHh JIM OH no HeM
rrnatJeT.
Ilo-HaCTO.sIIIleMy )l(e Ilnncy,n;CKHH, SI .n;yMaIO, mo6nJI H
JII06HT TOJibKO 6oph6y' B oco6eHHOCTH ee BeKOBYIO
<PopMy: BOHHy. B CBOeH KHHre «1920 ro.n;» OH Ha3bIBaeT
BOeHHOe .n;eJIO «60)l(eCTBeHHblM HCKYCCTBOM, KOTOpoe Tbl-
CSl'lfeJieTHSIMH OTMe'lfaJIO Bexn B HCTOpHH 'leJIOBe'lfeCTBa».
CTaphIH MoJibTKe xor.n;a-To cxa3aJI He'ITO B 3TOM po.n;e, n
3a 3TO ero rrsiTb.n;ecsiT JieT yrropHo, co exycoM, rphnJia
rraQn<PncTcxasi JIHTepaTypa. B HacTosimee epeMsi HH o.n;nu
rocy.n;apCTBeHHbIH .n;e.si:TeJib, 6hITb MO)l(eT, )J;a)l(e HH O)J;HH
BOeHHbIH B Mnpe He peIIIHJICSI 6bI CKa3aTb 0 «60)l(eCTBeH-
HOM HCKYCCTBe BOHHbI» TO, 'ITO CKa3aJI OCHOBaTeJih
IIOJibCKOH COQHaJIHCTH'lfeCKOH napTHH.
3ToT 'lfeJiosex )l(HJI .n;Jisi IloJihIIIH, ,n;Jisi BOHHhI, ,n;Jisi
CJiaBhl, - OTBO)l(Y IlOJihIIIe rrepeoe MeCTO. IlnJicy.n;cKHH
copeaJicsi co cTpaHHQ ncTopnqecxnx poMaHoB CeHKeBn'la.
Ou - nocJie.n;unii rrau BoJio.n;h1escxnii, Hhrne BCTyrrnBIIIHH
B 3noxy, Kor.n;a BoJio.n;h1eecxnM He'lero .n;eJiaTh. EcJin 6b1
BCilbIXHYJia HOBaSI BOHHa, ecJIH 6bI Ha'lfaJiaCb KOMMYHHCTH-
13-5317
385
qecKaSI peBOJIIOU:HSI, HHKTO, BepOSITHO, He Mor 6bI 3aMe-
HHTb IloJibIIJe Ilnncy,ncKoro. Ho B rna,ncTOHbl H J11rn-
KOJibHbl OH SIBHO He ro,nHTCSI. Cyru:ecTByeT ,noBOJibHO He-
nena.11 noroBopKa: «KTo ceeT BeTep, noxrneT 6ypIO». 0Ha
IIOpOIO onpaB,[(bIBaeTCSI, 0,[(HaKO ,[(aJieKO He Bcer.na. IlHJI-
cy,ncKHH BCIO )l(H3Hb ceSIJI 6ypIO. Ey.nyru:ee TeMHO, no.no-
)1(,[(eM - yBH.[(HM. ,[(o cnx nop ycnex noqTn Bcer.na copyT-
CTBOBaJI IIOJibCKOMY Maprnany. «HnqTO He HMeeT TaKoro
ycnexa, KaK ycnex».
 KJieMauco

I.
B MapTe npournoro rolla .s1 6bIJI B Cop6oHHe Ha llOBOJib-
HO He06bI'IHOM llHCnyTe. 3auum.{aJI llOKTOpCKYJO llHCcep-
Tal.(JIJO no <P11nocoqnm qeJioBeK, KOTopoMy men BoceMblle-
c.siT CellbMOH roll. 3K3aMeH, npellIIIeCTBYIOll.{HH 3all.{HTe
~ccepTal.{HH, OH CllaJI meCTblleC.siT n.siTb JieT TOMY Ha3all.
3To 6bIJI Jly11 AH).{pHe, 6bIBIIIHH llenyTaT, 6bIBlliHH <PpaHK-
MacoH, 6bIBIIIHH peBOJIJOI.{HOHep, 6bIBlliHH npe<i>eKT <PpaH-
I.{Y3CKOH nOJIHI.{HH, H3BeCTHbIH CBOHM OCTpOyMHeM H TeM,
'ITO OH «BHllaJI BHllbI». BHllbl OH BHllaJI pa3Hbie, - roBO-
p.sIT, HHKTO B MHpe TaKHX He BHllbIBaJI. B qacTHOCTH, eMy
O'leHb xopomo H3BeCTHbl BCe 3aKyJIHCHbie lleJia, Bbl3bIBaB-
IIIHe MHOro myMa B nepHOll TpeTbeH pecny6JIHKH. Ila-
HaMCKHH CKaH).{aJI, caMoy6HHCTBO repl.{ora 3JibXHHreHC-
Koro, noKymeHH.sI H CJie:>KKa, <i>paHI.{Y3CKHe aHapXHCTbl H
pyccKHe «HHrHJIHCTbI», peBOJIIOI.{H.sI H nOJIHI.{H.sI, Cblll.{HKH H
npecTynJieHH.sI, H3MeHHHKH H npOBOKaTOpbI, npHTOHbl H
KJiy6b1, - 060 BCeM 3TOM AHllpHe Mor 6bl paccKa3aTb
O'leHb MHoroe; lla KOe-'ITO OH B CBOHX BOCnOMHHaHH.sIX H
paccKa3aJI.
3a'leM 3TOMY qeJIOBeKy B3llyMaJIOCb Ha 87-M rollY
:>KH3HH 3all.{Hll.{aTb llOKTOpCKYJO ~ccepTal.{HIO no <i>HJIOCO-
<i>HH, cKa3aTb TPYllHO: Mano JIH KaKHe 6b1BaIOT y JIJOlleii
npH'IYllbI. 06cTaBJieH 6bIJI BeceJibIH llHCnyT, pa3yMeeTC.sI,
co Bceii TOp:>KeCTBeHHOCTbIO o6bI'laeB Cop6oHHbI. B pa3-
30JIO'leHHOH ay~TOpHH HMeHH JlHapa nO'ITeHHbie npo-
<Peccopa <P11noco<P1111, BO rnaBe c EpIOHCBHKOM, co BHHMa-
HHeM cnymaJIH BcTynHTeJihHoe cJioBo KaHllHllaTa, Y'ITHBO
3allaBaJIH eMy yqeHbie BonpoCbl, M.sirKO OTMe'laJIH llOCTO-
HHCTBa H HellOCTaTKH ero pa60Tbl (o racceHllH.). AHllpHe
llep:>KaJIC.sI B OTHOIIIeHHH npo<t>eccopoB nOll'lepKHYTO noq-
THTeJibHO H, KaK IIIKOJibHHK, BCTaBaJI BC.sIKHH pa3, KOrlla
eMy npellJ}araJIH Bonpoc. TaK, OllHH H3 onnoHeHTOB YKa-

0
racceH.QH Il!,ep (1592-1655) - cj>paBJzy3CKHii cj>BJIOCOcj>, MaTeMaTHK H aC'f·
poHOM. - lJpUM. peiJ.

389
3an, 'ITO nHccepTaHT ne Bcerna nenaeT B noncTpO'IHbIX
npHMe'laHHSIX CCblJIKY Ha HCTO'IHHK. «BOT, HanpHMep, Bbl
npHBOnHTe CJIOBa BHKTOpa rlOrO, He yKa3hIBaSI, OTKyna
HMeHHO OHH B3SITbI» ... AunpHe nocneurno BCTaJI H IlO'ITH-
TeJibHO npepBan onnonenTa: «BHnoBaT ... Pa3pe1IIHTe no-
SICHHTh BaM - SI JIH'IHO CJibilllaJI 3TH CJIOBa OT BHKTOpa
rIOro» ... 3cl>cl>eKT OTBeTa Ha'IHHaIOr:Qero y'leHOro 6bIJI '1pe-
3BhI'laHHblH. Ilpocl>eccop-3K3aMeHaTop er:Qe He ponHncsi B
TY nopy, Korna 3K3aMenyIOr:QHiicsi npy1KecK11 6ecenoBan c
BHKTOpOM rlOro.
Ily6nMKa B 3ane JIHapa co6panach B 3TOT neHb, KaK
nerKO noranaTbCSI, H BeCbMa MHOfO'IHCJieHHaSI, H He co-
BCeM 06b1'1nasi. HeMano 6hmo cTyneHTOB, HO 6hm H «QBeT
napHIKCKOfO o6r:QeCTBa», H MHOIKeCTBO IKypHaJIHCTOB: He
KaJKnhlii neHb 3a[QH[QalOT cPHJIOCOcPCKHe nMccepTaQHH OT-
CTaBHbie npecl>eKTbl IlOJIHQHH. 51 npHllleJI paHO H 3aHSIJI
MecTo Ha onHoii H3 nepenHHx cKaMeeK aynMTop1m. Bnpyr
c3an11 MeHSI KTO-TO 3aannon11p0Ban - 11 cpa3y rpsiHyJrn
orny1I111TenbHb1e pyKonnecKaHm1. B ayn11Top1110 Bxon11n
)l(oplK KneMaHco.
IlpencenaTeJib np11rnacHJ1ero3aHSITh MecTo Ha npocl>ec-
copcKoii TpM6yHe. On JKeCTOM OTKJIOHHJI npennolKeHHe H
yceJICSI psinoM c IOHOllleii CTyneHTOM, KOTOporo, BHnHMO,
o'leHh cMyTirno TaKoe cocencTBo. OnHH m npocl>eccopoB
KaK pa3 non1KeH 6bIJI o6paTHTbCSI K Aunp11e c 3aMe'lan11eM
no noBony racceHnH - 11 Ha'lan CBOH 3aMe'laHHSI TaK:
«Pa3pemine, MHJIOCTHBhiii rocynaph, npe1Kne Bcero sac
no6naronapHTh 3a ny6nHKy, 6naronapsi BaM SIBHBIIIYIOCSI
na n11cnyT. HaM, y'leHhIM, 11norna cny'laeTcsi 'IHTaTh neK-
QHH o nIOnsix, KOTOpb1e B npeBHOCTH cnacJIH pon11ny. Ho
ensa JIM KOMY H3 nac npHxonMnoch BbicTynaTb c Kacl>enpb1
B npMCYTCTBHH qenoseKa, cnac1I1ero ponMHy» ... Ilpocl>eccop
ne ycnen npoH3HeCTH 3TH cnosa: «en presence du sauveur
de la patrie», - ny6JIHKa nOBCTaBaJia c MeCT H CHOBa
pa3pa3Mnach 6ellleHhIMH annonMcMeHTaMH. PyKonnecKa-
HHSI, KpHKH: «Vive Clemenceau!» ,nJIHJIHCb HeCKOJibKO MH-
HyT. 51 HHKorna HH'lero TaKoro B Cop6oHHe He s11.nen.
On cMnen Heno,nBHIKHO, TO'IHO He non11Masi, K KOMY
OTHOCHTCSI OBaIIHSI. 3a HeCKOJibKO JieT OH IIO'ITH He H3Me-
HHJICSI. Heno6poe 6eccTpacTHoe n11110, ce,nh1e, OTCTaIOr:QHe,
TO'IHO nnoxo np11Kneennb1e, 6poBH, xononnhiii, npoHHQa-
TeJibHhiii B3fJISI,n qepHblX rna3, BMeCTe II paBHo,nylllHbIH, H
KaK 6ynTo 'IYTb-'IYTb y,nHBJieHHbIH.
nocJie OKOH'laHHSI nMcnyTa OH nonollleJI K Aunp11e,
no3npas11n ero 11 IIIYTJIHBO nolKenan ycnexa B HOBOii
390
 axa.n;eMHqecxo:H xapbepe. Mx rroJIHTHqecKaSJ .n;eSJTenh-
HOCTh, .n:anexo He acer.n:a cornacHaSJ, ux nuqHaSJ .n:pyJK6a,
KaJKeTCSI, TOJKe He BCer.n:a 6e3o6naqHaSJ, .D:JISITCSI OKOJIO
ceMH,n:ecSJTH neT!
B rry6nHKe, KOHeqHo, 6hIJIH mo.n:u pa3HbIX rroJIHTHqec-
KHX B033peHHH. BeCbMa B03MOJKHO, qTo CTOpOHHHKH
B3rJISJ.D:OB, BpaJK.n;e6HbIX KneMaHco, B He:H ,n:a)l(e qucneHHO
rrpeo6na.n:anu. Ho «le pere la Victoire»· r.n:e-To CH.D:HT B
.n:yrne y KaJK,n:oro cppaHU.y3a. He oqeHb .n;aBHO )l(ypHaJIHCT,
rrpOH3BO.D:HBIIIHH KaKyFO-TO aHKeTy, OIIHCbIBaJI «o6cTaHOB-
KY» BH,n:Horo cppaHU.Y3CKoro cou.uanucTa: ero xa6HHeT
yxparneH rropTpeTaMH Mapxca H )l(opeca, - 3aTo p.si:.n;oM,
B roCTHHOH, KOTOpoii Be.n;aeT )l(eHa X03.sIHHa, BHCHT rrop-
TpeT KneMaHco.
,ll;n.si: JIFO,n:eii Moero rroxoneHH.sI KneMaHco acer.n:a 6bIJI
H 6y.n;eT )l(IfBbIM ypoKOM :meprnH H 6eccTpa1IIH.sI, HarnSJ.n;-
HblM .D:OKa3aTeJibCTBOM Toro, qTo B 60JiblIIOH Hrpe HeT
6e3BhIXO.D:HhIX IIOJIO)l(eHHii. OH TOHYJI MHoro pa3, )l(If3Hh
3a60TJIHBO C03.n;aBaJia .n:m1 Hero IIOJIO)l(eHH.sI, Ka3aJIOCb 6hI,
6e3Bh1xo,n:Hb1e. Co6cTBeHHO, caMoe y.n;HBHTeJihHoe B 3TOM
He06blKHOBeHHOM qeJIOBeKe: KaK OH eIIJ.e )l(IfB - rroqTif B
.n;eB.sIHOCTO JieT, c rryneii B rpy.n;H, IIOCJie Bcero HCilbITaH-
HOro ...

II.
qy)l(aSJ )l(H3Hh TaiiHa - 3TO .n;aBHO cxa3aHo. Mhl
Hifqero HH 0 KOM TOJIKOM He 3HaeM. 113 Manero qifcJia
H3BeCTHbIX HaM 0 qeJIOBeKe Ba)l(HblX cpaKTOB (.D:JISI SICHoro
IIOHHMaHHSI KOTOpbIX HY)l(HO 6hIJIO 6bI 3HaTh orpOMHOe
tJHCJIO cpaKTOB He CTOJib Ba)l(HbIX H II03TOMY HeH3BeCT-
HbIX) 6Horpacp C03,n:aeT 6onee HJIH MeHee BepOSITHYFO
cxeMy H CTapaTeJihHO yxna,n:hrnaeT B Hee )l(H3Hh cBoero
repo.si:: rrepBhIH rrepHo.n;, BTopoii rrepHo.n;, TpeTHH rre-
pHo.n; ... )l{IfJHh KneMaHco 6hIJIO 6h1 HeTpy.n;Ho pa36HTh
no rpacpaM, H cxeMa rronyqHJiach 6h1 co6Jia3HHTeJihHaSJ:
OH B KOHU.e )l(If3HH CTapaTeJihHO pa3pyrnaJI TO, qeMy
cJiy)l(HJI B ee Haqane. Ha caMOM .n:ene Bee 3TO 6hIJIO,
Bepo.si:THO, MHOro CJIO)l(Hee.
OH po.n;HJICH B 1841 ro.n:y B BaH.n;eiicxoii .n:epeByrnxe.
Pe6eHKOM OH BH,n:en peBOJIFOU.HFO 1848 ro.n:a, a B .n;eTCTBe

• «Oren Ilo6e.i:tLI» ((/jp.).

391
6hIJI OKpyJKeH JllO.IJ;hMH, KOTOphie IIOMHHJIH BeJIHKYIO pe-
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KO He B Tpa.z:i;HIJ,H.slX 1793 ro.z:i;a. JI10.z:i;n OHH 6hIJIH He
6e.z:i;Hhle. 11.x ceMh.sl BJia.z:i;eJia HaCTO.sllll,HM «3aMKOM» (BO
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MOK), HMeJia rep6 H .z:i;aJKe HeKOTOphie npaBa Ha THTyJI. Ho
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MaHco yqunc.si: - .z:i;oBOJihHO nnoxo - B HaHTCKOM nuu.ee,
3aTeM - .IJ;OBOJihHO xoporno - B IlapuJKe Ha Me.IJ;HIJ,HHC-
KOM <PaKyJihTeTe, KOTOphIU OKonquJI B 1862 ro.z:i;y.
Be.si:Hu.si: Ton 3noxn .z:i;ocTaToqHo n3BeCTHh1: <PpaHU.Y3C-
Kne rnecTn.z:i;ec.si:Thie ro.z:i;h1 oqenh nan0Munam1 narnn.
)l{u3Hh Mono.z:i;eJKu Bcer.z:i;a u Be3.z:i;e onpe.z:i;en.si:nach noBeT-
pu.si:Mu. Y Hae noBeTpue npeJK.z:i;e Bcex necno K peBon10u.uu,
Teneph neceT B .z:i;pyry10 cTopony, - npou.z:i;eT BpeM.si:, u
B03BpaTnTC.sl BeTep Ha Kpyru CBO.sl. 113 <l>paHI\Y3CKoro
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puu BhIJIYDJIHBaJIHCh 3a.z:i;opHhie IOHOIIlH, Il03HTHBHCThl,
MaTepnaJIHCThI, pecny6JIHKaHIJ,hI, 3HTY3HaCThl. TaKHM
IOHOIIleU - .z:i;yMaIO, oqapoBaTeJihHhIM - 6hIJI B 1860 ro-
.z:i;y )l{opJK KneMaHco. CoxpaHHJIOCh HeCKOJihKO npenecT-
HhIX ero cTaTeu Toro BpeMenu. TaK, OH rop.si:qo 6paHHJI
AJihcPOHca ,[{o.z:i;e 3a To, qTo nucaTeJih, JIHIIlh HaqunaBrnuu
Tor.z:i;a CBOIO 6JieCT.slIIJ,YIO Kaphepy, B He.z:i;ocTaToqHO npHB-
JieKaTeJihHOM CBeTe H306paJKaJI JKH3Hh H JIIO)J;eU. IlncaJI
KneMaHco B KporneqnhIX u cep.z:i;nThIX JKypHanax JlaTHHC-
Koro KBapTana, - H3 Tex, qTo B nepBoM noMepe (c
rp03HhlM nporpaMMHhlM MaHn<PecTOM) o6'h.slBJI.sllOT ce6.si:
eJKene.z:i;eJihHhlMH, BO BTOpOM CTaHOB.slTC.sl eJKeMec.si:qJihlMH,
B TpeTheM Heonpe.z:i;eneuHo-nepuo.z:i;uqecKHMH, a .z:i;o qeTBep-
Toro o6hlKHOBeHHO He .IJ;OJKHBaIOT. )l{ypHaJihl 3TH DJiaT.si:T
coTpy.z:i;HnKaM npeuMyIIJ,eCTBeHHO noqeToM u cnaBou. B
HUX Bcer.z:i;a eCTh B H306umrn OT.IJ;eJihl, 00.IJ;OT.IJ;eJihl, pe.z:i;aK-
TOphI, 3aBe.z:i;y101IJ,ue. MHe nona.z:i;anoch yKa3auue, qTo B
O.IJ;HOM H3 TaKHX JKypHaJIOB HaqaJia rneCTH.IJ;eC.si:ThIX ro.z:i;oB
nonuTuqecKHM oT.z:i;enoM Be.z:i;an )l{opJK KneMaHco, JIHTepa-
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Hau.uoHaJihHOH 6u6nnoTeKe .si: TaKoro JKypHaJia He HarneJI.
B nopy BTopou nMnepnu MOJIO.IJ;hie n10.z:i;u c .z:i;yrnou
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TIOphMY. CTapnHHa.si: Ma3accKa.si: TIOphMa (yJKe .z:i;aBHO He
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IOHhIM pe.z:i;aKTOpOM. Ero OTBe3JIH Ty.z:i;a B Hey.z:i;o6HOM

392
 110JIHQeUCKOM 3KHl1aJKe, B KOTOpOM, BCJie.[.(CTBHe TeCHOThl,
OH .[.(OJIJKeH 6bIJI JaHSITb MeCTO Ha KOJiem1x y M}}CHHKa-
y6HHQbl. B nopbMe, cornacHo pernaMeHTy, eMy 11pe.[.(-
JIOJKHJIH BhIKy11aTbC}} B o6rn:eu BaHHe c yroJIOBHhIMH 11pe-
CTYl1HHKaMH, B BO.[.(e TeMHO-KoclJeuHoro QBeTa; a TaK KaK
OH Ha 3To He cornalllaJic}}, TO ero 11oca.[.(HJIH Ty.[.(a Hacnnh-
HO. Bee OCTaJihHOe 6hIJIO B TOM JKe po.[.(e, H CHMl1aTHH
KneMaHco Ko BTopou HM11epHH 11ocne ero BhIXO.[.(a HJ
nopbMhI He yBeJIHqHJIHCh. B TY 11opy OH 110JHaKOMHJIC}} c
EnaHKH, oT6hIBaBillHM TaKJKe HaKaJaHwe 110 O.[.(HOMY HJ
CBOHX 6ecqwcJieHHhlX .[.(eJI. 3HaMeHHTbIH JaroBoprn;HK
11pe.[.(JIO)l(HJI MOJIO.[.(OMY qeJIOBeKy opraHH30BaTb 110.[.(110Jlb-
HYIO TH11orpaclJHIO. IlpeMOJKeHHe 6bIJIO 11pHH}}T0 c BOCTO-
proM. TH11orpaclJH10 coJ.[.(aJIH, no JaBe.[.(oBaJI e10 KneMaeco
ee.[.(onro. BecTH 6opb6y c 11paBHTeJihCTBOM 11ocpe.[.(CTBOM
arHTaQHH H 11po11araH.[.(hI - 3TO 6h1JI M}} rop}}qero 10eo-
IllH CJIHillKOM cKyqehIH H MeMeHHhIH 11yTh. Ou 11pe.[.(-
cTaBHJI EnaeKH .[.(pyrou 11nau, ropa3.[.(0 6onee pelllHTeJih-
HhIH. KneMaHco H ero cBepcTHHK lllepep-KecTeep 11pe.[.(-
naraJIH 11oxHTHTh B TIOHJihpHncKoM .[.(BOpQe Hanoneo-
ua III. B poMaeax .lJ:10Ma TaKHe 11pe.[.(11pH}}TH}} qacTo
y.[.(aIOTC}} H 11pHB0.[.(}}T K caMhIM 6naro11pH}}THbIM pe3yJlh-
TaTaM. qTO 11pe.[.(l10J1aranocb C.[.(eJlaTh c 110XHrn;eHHhlM
HM11epaTopoM, ocTaeTC}} eeBhI}}CHeHHhIM: EnaHKH, HMeB-
IllHH HeKOTOpbIH 011bIT B TeXHHKe JaroBOpOB, pacKpHTHKO-
BaJl 11naH CBoero yqeHHKa. Ha11oneoH 11oxHrn:eu He 6bIJI.
KneMaeco o6H.[.(enc}} - H oTolllen OT peBOJlIOQHOHHOH
,[.(e}}TeJlbHOCTH.
Ou B.[.(o6aBoK oKoeqHn Kypc B ynHBepcHTeTe H Jarn;H-
THJl .[.(OKTopcKyIO .[.(HCCepTaQHIO Ha TeMy 0 «generation
spontanee» '6hIBillYIO TOr,[.(a B 60J1hlllOU MO.[.(e H B PocCHH.
IloCB}}rn:aTh ce6}} eayKe KneMaeco, O.[.(HaKo, ue co6Hpan-
C}}, H .[.(enaTh eMy BO <l>paHQHH 6hIJIO eeqero. Ou oT-
11paBHJ1C}} B AurnHIO yqHThC}} My.[.(pocTH y .ll:JKoea CT10ap-
Ta MHnJI}}, JaTeM 11epeexan B Coe.[.(HHeHHb1e IIITaThI «c
TeM, qTo6bI HJyqHTb Ha MeCTe JaKOHbl .[.(eMOKpaTHH».
BpeM}} .[.(JI}} HJyqeffH}} JaKOHOB .[.(eMoKpaTHH 6hIJIO ue B11on-
He y.[.(aqeoe: B IIITaTax IllJla oTqa}}Hffa}} rpaJK.[.(aHcKa}} Boii:-
ea. KneMaeco ern:e JacTan 11epB06b1Tey10, 11oqTH Ky11e-
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OH roBopHn, qTo JHaeT Coe.[.(HHeHHhie IIITaThI ropa3.[.(0
nyqllle, qeM BHJlhCOH, Ka6HHeTHhIM yqeebIH H Ka6HHeTHhIH
110J1HTHK. B AMepHKe KneMaeco 11poJKHJ1 uecKOJlhKO neT,

' «CaMoJapollC.QeHHe» (tjjp.).

393
)l(eHJUICSI Ha aMepIIKaHKe H c MOJlO)WH )l(eHOH BepHyJlCSI BO
<l>paHQHIO - KaK pa3 K Ce.uaHCKOH KaTacTpo<i>e. 4 ceHTH6-
psi: 1870 ro.ua OH «B3SIJ1 llITYPMOM HbIHellIHIOIO naJlaTy
.uenyTaTOB». lllTypM 6h1Jl He KpOBOnpOJlHTHhIH H CBeJlCSI K
Kyna 1 1HOMY 6010 co llIBeHQapoM, CTOpOHHHKOM HMnepHH.
Bee cornno 6naronony•rno. IIIBeH:Qap npHHHJl pecny6nH-
KaHCKYIO nnaT<i>OpMy, coxpaHHJl )J.OJl)l(HOCTh H B TelfeHHe
BceH: )l(H3HH, no.uaBasi: naJlhTO KneMaHco, paccbmancsi: B
H3BHHeHHSIX no cnylfaIO CBOeH Hey'ITHBOCTH B .ueHh 4
ceHTsi:6pS1. CaM )Ke KneMaHco c ycTaHOBJleHHeM pecny6-
JlHKaHcKoro npaBHTeJlhCTBa 6hIJI Ha3HalfeH M3pOM 18-ro
napH)l(CKoro oKpyra. Ha 3TOM nocTy ero 3acTaJio BoccTa-
HHe KoMMYHhI.

III.
Mb1 Teneph qacTo lfHTaeM B HHOCTpaHHOH nelfaTH:
«Bee 3TO Morno cnylfHThCH JIHllih B PoccHH». Bee 3TO -
T. e. «pycCKHH 6yHT, 6eCCMhICJieHHhIH H 6ecnomaJJ.HhIH». 51
He.uoyMeBaIO: nolfeMy )Ke JIHllih B PoccHH? TolfHO Ha
3ana.ue HH'lero B 3TOM po.ue He 6hrnano. <l>paHQHH -
caMaSI QHBHJ1H30BaHHaSI CTpaHa Ha CBeTe, O)J.HaKO 3a He-
.ueJIIO, c 22 no 26 Masi: 1871 ro.ua, Ha ynHQax nyqrnero B
MHpe ropo.ua O)J.HH KOHTppeBOJIIOQHOHephI paccTpeJISIJIH
6onee .usa.uQaTH ThICHlf qenoseK. HeMano n10.ueti: 6bmo
Ka3HeHO H peBOJlIOQHOHepaMH. 0HH )Ke B)J.06aBOK CQ)lffJlH
TIOHJihpHii:CKHii: JJ.BopeQ, ropo.ncKyIO paTyrny, eme .uecSITKH
HCTOpH'leCKHX 3)J.aHHH H TOJlhKO no 'IHCTOH cnyqaii:HOCTH
He pa3pyrnHJIH Jlysp H Notre-Dame de Paris. EcJIH 3TOT
6yHT He 6ecCMhICJieHHhIH H He 6ecnomaJJ.HhIH, TO qero )Ke
eme MO)l(HO, co6CTBeHHO, )l(eJlaTb?
B Mpa'IHoii: nosecTH IlapH)l(CKoii: KOMMYHhI He pa3o-
6panach H «6ecnpHcTpacTHaS1 HCTopmm. Cnop 1871 ro.ua
pa3pernaeTCSI He TaK npoCTO, KaK BOnpoc 0 HameM «OK-
TH6pe». 0.n.Ho MO)l(HO CKa3aTh c ysepeHHOCThIO: TOH no-
c;1ei>11eu Kpau11ocmu, KaKasi: TOJihKO H MO)l(eT onpas.uaTh
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HO .uaJIH eMy B03MO)l(HOCTh ce6SI noKa3aTb KOMMyHapbI.
XsacTaTh HelfeM HH ToMy, HH .upyroMy narep10. l1 Ha
3TOM CTparnHoM noTpsi:ceHHH onpas.uanoch cnoso IIIoneH-
ray3pa: «Die groBe schwere Masse sich in rascher Bewe-
gung vorzustellen ist ein schrecklicher Gedanke>>* ...
• «Ilpe.ncTaBHTb ce6e orpOMHYIO Macey B 6blCTpOM .nBHlKeHHH YlKaCHO» (HeM.)

394
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CJihIIIIaJI BaJihSIHa, BHAeJI Porncpopa. IlepBhIH H3 3THX
peBOJIIOI.l,HOHepoB HanOMHHaJI no BHeIIIHOCTH 6yxraJITepa,
BTOpOH - MapK1i3a (OH H 6hIJI, BnpoqeM, apHCTOKpaTOM).
lfa yueJieBIIIHX yqacTHHKOB peBOJIIOI.1,HH OAHH CTaJIH Bnoc-
JieACTBHH peaKI.1,HOHHhIMH MHHHCTpaMH HJIH ew;e 6onee
peaKQHOHHhIMH ny6JIHUHCTaMM. ,[(pyrHe OCTaJIHCh AO KOH-
1.1,a BepHbI HAeSIM MOJIOAOCTM. nhIJIM cpeAH KOMMyHapOB
JIIOAH HCKJIIOqHTeJibHO 6naropOAHbie, KaK <l>nypanc; 6bIJIM
JIIOAH BeChMa coMHHTeJihHhie, KaK Paynh PHro, 1.1,HHHqHhIH
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KYJihType CBOH 3K3aMena1.1,HOHHhie npoBaJihI B yqMJIHrn;ax.
nhIJIM JIIOAM HCKpeHHO y6e)l(AeHHhie, H 6hIJIH 3JIOCTHbie
6aHKp0ThI, )l(YJIHKM, cyTeHepbI, KJienTOMaHbl, nporpeCCHB-
Hhie napaJIMTMKM, KaK AJIJIHKC, HJIM nonoyMHhie, KaK an-
TeKapb Ea6MK, nponoBeAoBaBIIIHH <«f>I03HOHHCTCKYIO pe-
JIHrHIO» H ocpH1.1,MaJibHO ce6S1 MMeHOBaBIIIMH «enfant du
regne de Dieu et parfumeur universe)» •. ,ll;aJIO, pa3yMeeT-
CSI, CBOHX npeACTaBMTeJieH H MCKYCCTBO, - HCKYCCTBO
Be3Ae HMeeT CBOMX npeACTaBHTeneu. Kyp6e, renMaJihHhIH
XYAO)l(HHK H renHaJihHhIH peKJiaMHCT, McnoJih30BaJI KoM-
Myny AJISI TaKoro cnoco6a caMopeKJiaMhI, KOTopoMy Mor
6hI no3aBHAOBaTb caM ra6pHeJie A' AHHYHI.1,MO, 3aBOeBa-
TeJib <l>MyMe: OH pa3pymHJI BaHAOMCKYIO KOJionuy··.
B TexnMqecKoM OTHOineHMH BOCCTaHHe KoMMYHhI 6br-
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npo6aBJISIJIHCh KporneqHhIMM ccyAaMH H peKBH3HI.l,HSIMH
no necKOJihKY COT ThICSlq cppanKOB, - y HHX noA pyKou, B
norpe6ax <l>paH1.1,y3cKon;> 6aHKa, Jie)l(aJio B TY nopy 6onee
ABYX MHJIJIHapAOB! 3TM JIIOAM paccTpemrnaJIH HH B qeM
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pa3pyweHHH BaHAOMCKoii Kono1111&1. Pon& ero o 3TOM nOCTanooneHHH KoMMYHbl
61idJla, BO BCllKOM CJJy'lae, O'!Cllb BCJJHKa.

395
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TO'IHO <f>paHIW3CKHH COJI.l(aT HJIH pa60'IHH, XOTSI 6bI peBo-
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reuepanaM c <f>aMHJIHeH ,[(oM6poBCKHH HJIH Bpo6neBCKHH.
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396
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1870 ro.n:a cq11TaeTCH repoucKaH KaBanep11ucKaH aTaKa B
ce,n:aHCKOM 6010, KOTopy10 crre.u;HaJIHCTbl CTaBHT BpOBeHb
c aTaKOH KaBaneprap,n:oB rro.n: AycTepn11.u;eM. TioBeJI B aTaKy
KaBanep11ucKy10 ,n:HBH3Hl0 rro.n: Ce,n:aHOM H3BeCTHbIH xpa6-
pe.u; reHepan Maprep11T; OH 6bm, o,n:HaKo, y611T B caMoM
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KaKOH HMeHHO? MapKH3 .n:e ran11<}le YTBep)l(,n:aJI BClO )l(H3Hb,
qTo 3TO OH IIOBeJI B aTaKy ,n:HBH3Hl0 IIOCJie CMepTH reHepana
MaprepHTa. To )Ke caMoe yrnep)l(.n:an o ce6e .n:pyroif
KOMau,n:Hp rronKa, KHH3h .n:e Eo<}l<}lpeMOH. KaJanoch 6hl,
TaKOH BOrrpoc nerKO pa3pelIIHTb TOqHo H ,n:oKyMeHTaJibHO.
B ,n:eHCTBHTeJibHOCTH Mbl TaK H yMpeM, He 3HaH, KTO HMeHHO
BeJI B aTaKy KaBanepHlO B ce,n:aHCKOM 6010: KHH3b .n:e
Eo<}l<}lpeMOH HJIH MapKH3 .n:e ranH<}le. BpeMH OT BpeMeHH
(B TeqeHHe .n:onrHX JieT) OHM IIHCaJIH IIHCbMa B pe,n:aK.u;HlO
ra3eT: «3To 6hIJIO, Kor.n:a H BeJI B aTaKy KaBanepHHCKYlO
,n:HBH3Hl0 rro.n: Ce,n:aHOM» ... Cne,n:oBan orneT: «reHepan
3a6Jiy)l(.n:aeTCH: 3TO H BeJI B aTaKy KaBanepHHCKYlO .D:HBH3Hl0
rro.n: Ce,n:aHOM». ,ll;Ba neBhIX ny6n11.u;u.cTa H3 HeHaBHCTH K
ycMHpHTen10 KoMMYHhI rrpOH3BeJIH .n:a)l(e crre.u;HaJihHOe
HCCJie,n:oBaHHe Bonpoca H, KOHeqHo, npHIIIJIH K BbIBO,n:y, qTo
KaBanep1110 Ben B aTaKy KHH3h .n:e Eo<}l<}lpeMoH. KoM-
MyHapoB ranH<}le paCCTpeJIHJI HeMaJIO, HO ,n:JIH KpaCOTbl
eIIJ;e npeyBen11q11BaJI Hx q11cno - 11, no-BH.D:HMoMy, nocTy-
nan npaBHJibHo: ,n:aMbI cxo,n:HJIH no HeM c yMa. MeqToif
)l(H3HH ranH<}le 6hlJIO CTaTb ,n:HKTaTOpOM, He CTOJlbKO BO
HMH 11,n:eH - HHKaKHX 11.n:eif y Hero He 6hIJIO, - CKOJlbKO
pa,n:H KpacOThI ,n:HKTaTopcKoif pon11. B ,n:HKTaTopbl OH He
BbIIIleJI, HO B pecny6JIHKaHCKHX MHHHCTpax no6blBaJI. qe-
pe3 Tp11.n:n;aTh neT nocne ycM11peHHH KoMMYHhI Banh,n:eK
Pycco, K BCeo6IIJ;eMy H3YMJieHHlO, coe,n:HHHJI B CBOeM Ka-
6HHeTe ranmpe c MHJibepaHOM - Tor.n:a eIIJ;e ropHqHM
co.u;HaJIHCTOM. Ha nepBoM )Ke 3ace,n:aHHH nanaThI T0Bap11-
IIJ;H MHJibepaHa no napTHH BCTpeTHJIH ran11<}le CKaH,n:aJIOM,
6erneHbIMH KpHKaMH «y611if.u;a!» ... Ca,n:Hcb crroKOHHO Ha
cBoe MecTo H <des regardant bien en face» .. , MapKH3 .n:e
ran11<}le rrpe,n:cTaBHJICH: «Assassin, voila» •••. 3To 6hlno «tres
vieille France» ...... .

' <<Jlere11.Qapaa11 xpa6pOCT&» ((/jp.).

" «rJJJl.Qll npllMO B JJHQO» ((/jp.).
"' «BOT y6HiiQa» ((/jp.).
"" «CTapall <l>paBQHll» ((/jp.).

397
 PoJib KJieMaHco B HCTopmi: KoMMYHbI He 6brna H He
MorJia 6hITb nepsocTeneHHOU. oJIH3KO cssnaHHbIH c MHO-
rHMH KOMMyHapaMH, OH, O)lHaKO, HHKOr)la He COlfYBCTBO-
BaJI HX HAeSIM. TparHlfecKoe co6hITHe, noJIO:>KHBrnee Halfa-
JIO pesomou:HH 1871 ro)la - y6HHCTBO reHepaJioB ToMa H
JleKOHTa, - npoH30IIIJIO Ha yJIHU:e Po3be B 18-M OKpyre,
M3pOM KOTOporo 6bIJI KJieMaHCO. BparH lfYTb He no ceu
)leHb nonpeKaIOT ero TeM, lfTO OH He npHHSIJI Mep )lJISI
cnaceHHSI reHepaJioB. B )leHCTBHTeJihHOCTH KJieMaHco C)le-
JiaJI )lJISI HX cnaceHHSI see, lfTO Mor. Kor)la OH SIBHJICSI Ha
yJIHU:Y Po3be, reHepaJibI y:>Ke 6bIJIH y6HTbI H Tonna e)lsa He
pacTep3aJia ero caMoro. ,[(paMa 3Ta npoH3BeJia Ha nero
)leHCTBHe IlOTpSICaIOmee. 11JIJII03HH MOJIO)loro 3HTY3HaCTa
pa36HJIHCb HaBeKH. KJieMaHco rosopHJI MHoro JieT cnycTsi,
lfTO B TOT )leHb OH snepBbie 3a)lyMaJICSI Ha)l «npo6JieMOH
Hapo)la»: nepeA HHM npe)lcrnna «l'ame du peuple, injuste
et logique, feroce et sublime, capable des pires forfaits et
des plus heroi'ques sacrifices>>* ...
B )laJihHeiirneM pOJib KJieMaHco 6h1Jia npeHMymecT-
BeHHO npHMHp1neJihHOH. BoccTami:e KoMMYHbI - e)lHH-
CTBeHHoe HCTOpHlfeCKOe co6bITHe, B KOTOpOM OH coxpaHSIJI
HeiiTpaJrnTeT, CTOJib HecsoiicTBeHHbIH ero xapaKTepy. OH
)leJiaJI TO, lfTO )leJiaJIH MHOrHe )lpyrHe. ,[(Be IlOCJie)lHHe
nonbITKH npe)lynpe)lHTb rpa:>K)laHCKYIO BOHHY npoH3BeJio
cppaHU:Y3CKOe MaCOHCTBO, HMeBrnee CBSl3H B o6oHX Jiare-
psix. 113 3TOrO HHlfero He BbllIIJIO, KaK HHlfero He BbIIIIJIO
H3 cooTBeTCTBeHHbIX nonhITOK KneMaHco. 06a narepsi
OTHeCJIHCb K HeMy Bpa:>K)le6Ho - lfTO )lOBOJibHO ecTeCT-
BeHHO. 3aKOHbI ConoHa •• KapanH cMepTbIO JIIO)leii, KOTO-
pb1e B rpa:>K)laHCKOH BOHHe ne CTaHOBSITCSI HH Ha Ty, HH Ha
Apyry10 cTopony. Ponh nocToponnero npHMHpHTensi B
TaKHX cnyqasix oco6eHHO He6naro)lapna. KneManco npH-
rnnocb CKpblBaTbCSI; KaKOH-TO HH B lfeM, )la:>Ke B MHpOJII0-
6HH, He nOBHHHbIH lfeJIOBeK, IlOXO)lHBIIIHH na nero napy:>K-
HOCTblO, e)lBa He 6bIJI paccTpeJISIH no OIIJH6Ke. TionaCTb
IlO)l paccTpeJI 6blJIO OlfeHb HeTPYAHO: no6e)lHTeJISIM 6blJIO
IlO)laHO Ha no6e)l()leHHblX 399 823 )lOHOCa (H3 HHX 95 npo-
u:enTOB aHOHHMHbIX).
M36paHHbIH eme AO pesoJIIOU:HH lfJieHOM Hau:HoHaJih-
noro co6paHHSI, KneManco BMecTe c BHKTOpOM r10ro,

• «):{ywa Hapo.aa, HecnpaeetumBall H JIOJ"H'IHall, lKecTOKaR H HeJKHaR, cnoco6HaR

Ha xy.awee H Ha caMble repoH'!ecKae lKepTBbl» (rfip.).
• ConoH (VII-VI BB. .ao H.3.) - att>aucKHii apxo11T, nposeJI petl>opMbl, cno-
co6cTsosaswae JJHKBH.aaUHH nepelKHTKOB po.aosoi;o CTpoR. AHTH'!Hble npe.aaHHR
npH'IHCJIRJIH ero K ceMH rpe'lecKHM My.apeuaM - llpUM. peiJ.

398
raM6eTTOH H 3Jih3aCCKHMH )l.enyTaTaMH IIpOTeCTOBaJI
npoTHB OTTOp)KeHHSI OT <l>paHI~HH 3Jih3aca H JloTapHH-
rHH. 3aTeM OH CJlO)KHJl c ce6S1 3BaHHe )l.enyTaTa. B Te11eHHe
rnecTH JieT noc11e BOCCTaHHSI KoMMYHhI OH 3aHHMaJICSI
MYHHU,HnaJlhHOU )l.eSITeJlhHOCThlO, B KOTOpou, KaK H BO
BCeM )l.pyroM, )l.OCTHr npe)l.eJIOB ycnexa: OH 6bIJI H36paH
npe)l.ce)l.aTe11eM napH)KCKoro MYHHU,HnaJlhHoro coBeTa.
Ho, no-BH.lJ.HMoMy, K11eMaHco He 6hIJI coJ)l.aH )].JlSI MHp-
Horo ropO.ll.CKoro X03SIHCTBa. B 1876 ro)l.y Tiapu)K H36pa11
ero CBOHM npe)l.CTaBHTeJleM B naJiaTy )l.enyTaTOB.

IV.
r11aBHhIM )l.eJlOM ero CTaJlO C03)].aHHe pa)l.HKaJlhHOU
napTHH • .ll:JISI COBpeMeHHhIX pa)l.HKaJIOB «KJ1eMaHCH3M» -
6paHHOe CJlOBO. 0)].HaKO Te H)l.eH, KOTOphIMH H no ceu
)l.eHh )KHBeT :na napTHSI, CbirpaBIIIaSI orpOMHYIO pOJlh BO
<IJpaHU,Y3CKOU HCTOpHH, 6hIJIH nyI.ll,eHhI B nOJlHTH'leCKOe
o6pameHHe HMeHHO KJieMaHco. JI He roeopIO, 'ITO OHH
6bIJ1H HM C03)].aHhI: 06 aBTOpCKHX npaBax 3)].eCh roBOpHTh,
co6CTBeHHO, He npHXO)l.HTCSI - npHIIIJIOCh 6hI BCTIOMHHTh
MHoroe u pa3Hoe: .ll:)KOHa CTIOapTa MHJIJISI H BoJihTepa,
.lJ:aHTOHa u KoH)l.opce. 3ToT H)l.eUHhIH «6JIOK», xoHe'IHO,
eceM H3BecTeH. B ycJIOBHSIX BeKOBOH ycToS1erneucS1 noJiu-
TH11ecxou KYJihTyphI OH )l.aJI 6JieCTSllll,ee SIBJiem1e rJia)l.-
CTOHa. B 6oJiee TSl)KeJihIX ycJIOBHSIX pecny6JIHKH, npoBo3r-
JiarneHHOH H npHHSITOH, HO nenpO'IHOU H B ce6e HeyBepeH-
HOU, OH nopO)l.HJI <IJpaHU,Y3CKHU pa)l.HKaJIH3M (pa3yMeeTCSI,
aHaJIOrHSI 3Ta BepHa JIHIIIh B H3BeCTHOU Mepe).
TiepBaSI pe11h KJieMaHco B naJiaTe 6hrna cxaJaHa B
3alll,HTY aMHHCTHH H cpa3y C03)].aJia eMy 60JihIIIYIO nony-
JISlpHOCTh. On 6hIJI Ha BH.ll.Y y)Ke B nopy KoMMYHh1; B KOHu,e
nepBou cBoeu napJiaMeHTCKou ceccuu KJieMaHco cTaJI
eeponeUCKOH 3HaMeHHTOCThlO. ra3eTa «Times» TIHCaJia,
'ITO eMy npHHa)l.Jie)KHT 6JIH3KOe 6y)l.yw;ee <l>paHU,HH. TiocJie
0)].HOU H3 ero pe11eu no HHOCTpaHHOU TIOJIHTHKe CTapHK
DHCMapK, O'leHh 'IYBCTBHTeJihHhIH KO BCeMy, KaCaBIIIeMyCSI
)l.eJia ero )KH3HH, cnpocHJI oJIOBHu,a: «He 3HaeTe JIH BhI, KTO
::noT KJieMaHco? 3a 3THM 11eJI0BeKoM HY)KHO cJie)l.HTh» ...
TioJIHTH'leCKaSI TaKTHKa BO)K)l.SI pa)l.HKaJlhHOU napTHH,
B cylll,HOCTH, rJiy6oKO paCXO)l.HJiaCh c xapaKTepoM, c TOHOM
H)l.eu, KOTOphIM OH CJIY)KHJI. H.ll.eH 3TH npe.ll.TIOJiaraJIH -
no KpauHeU Mepe )l.0 HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH - 6epe)KHOe OT-
HOIIIeHHe K JllO)l.SIM, )l.OBepue K Hapo)l.y, OTCYTCTBHe 3JI06hI,

399
 yBa:>KeHHe K 'IY:>KHM B3rm1naM, He TOJibKO <l>opMaJihHYJO
TepnHMOCTh, HO H BHyTpeHHHH, nyxoBHbIH JIH6epaJIH3M.
Bee :no 6bIJIO y rJiancTOHa, - H HH'ITO He 6hIJIO TaK 'IY:>Kno
KJieMaHco. )J,e.s1TeJihHOCTh ero cBonHJiach K 6ecnorn;anHoii
KpHTHKe H nporpaMM, H Jironeii. Ero Ha3bIBaJIH coKpynm-
TeJieM MHHHCTepCTB. CoxpyIIIHJI OH Ha CBOeM BeKy neiicT-
BHTeJibHO O'IeHb MHOro npaBHTeJihCTB, - B HX 'IHCJie 6hIJIH
H3BecTHeiiIIIHe MHHHCTepcTBa TpeTheii pecny6JIHKH. OH
BhIBeJI B nronH reHepana EyJiaH:>Ke, H OH :>Ke EynaH:>Ke
nory6HJI, xorna TOT CTaJI 110MblIIIJljJ:Tb 06 HX COBMeCTHOH
nHKTaType. Mo:>KeT 6bITb, KneMaHCO He XOTeJI nHKTaTyphl.
A MO:>KeT 6bITb, OH He XOTeJI nHKTaTypbI COBMeCTHOH.
B KneMaHCO, ern;e npH :>KH3HH raM6eTTbl H ropa3no
1103nHee, IlOCJie IlOHBJieHHH )Kopeca, MHOrHe QeHHTeJIH (B
TOM 'IHCJie 3oJIH) BHnenH ny'IIIIero opaTopa <I>paIJQHH. Bo
<l>paHQY3CKOM IlOJIHTH'IeCKOM KpacHope'IHH OH npOH3BeJI
TY :>Ke pe<i>opMy, xaKyro AHpH Po6ep npoH3BeJI B Kpactto-
pe'IHH cyne6HoM: KneMaHco nopBaJI c TpanHQHeii IlhIIIIHO-
ro CJIOBa. roBOplrn OH 11pOCTO H C:>KaTO, 6e3 neIIIeBblX
o6pa3oB H npyrnx CTHJIHCTH"iecxnx KpacoT. Oco6eHHOCTh
ero 6JieCTHrn;ero TaJiaHTa 3aKJIJO'Ianach, noMHMO 6onh-
IIIoro nnaJieKTH'IeCKoro HCKYCCTBa, B 3HeprHH Bbipa:>KeHHH,
B «y.napHOCTH» <i>pa3hl, IlO:>KaJiyii, B CHJie HeHaBHCTH, KOTO-
pyro OH, xor.na 6hIJIO HY:>KHO, yMeJI, 6e3 opaTopcKHX <Poxy-
coB, BKJia,nhrnaTh B TO, 'ITO roBopHJI. HeKOTOpb1e H3 na-
MHTHhIX pe'Ieii KneMaHco npe,ncTaBJIHJOT co6oii «6oll: Ha
YHH'ITO:>KeHne npOTHBHHKa» B HacToHrn;eM CMhICJie 3THX
cnoB. Co BceM TeM o,nHoro xpacHope'IHH 6hIJIO 6hl, Be-
poHTHO, He.ZJ;OCTaTO'IHO, 'IT06bl CBeprHyTh ,neCHTOK MHHH-
CTepCTB. )J,a H CBepraIOTCH Be.ZJ;h npaBHTeJihCTBa B nap-
JiaMeHTCKHX cTpaHax 6oJihIIIe B xynyapax, 'IeM c opaTopc-
KOH TpH6yHhI. Mo:>KHO cKa3aTb c nonHoii yBepeHHOCThJO,
'ITO TaKoro, xaK KneMaHco, 3HaToxa H MacTepa 3axynHc-
Holl: TeXHHKH napJiaMeHTa <i>paHQY3CKaH HCTOpHH He 3Ha-
Jia - no Kpall:Hell: Mepe .no noHBJieHHH EpHaHa.
O'IeBH.ZJ;HO, 3.z:i:ecb Ha.no 6b1JI0 6b1 Ha'IaTb «BTopoll: ne-
pno.n» B :>KH3HH KneMaHco. IlepeBopoT, coBepIIIHBIIIHHCH
B ero ,nyIIIe, MO:>KHO ce6e npe,ncTaBHTb npH6JIH3HTeJibHO
TaK. Mono.non: n.neaJIHCT, npe.nnaraBIIIHH HaHBHhie 3aro-
BOpb1 l>JiaHKH, KOe-'IeMy Hay'IHJICH B TparH'IeCKOM 3peJIH-
rn;e KoMMYHhI. JI106nTeJib o6pa3oB cxa3aJI 6hl, 'ITO KHHry
:>KH3HH KJieMattco cTaJI 'IHTaTh B cBeTe napmKcKoro no)l(a-
pa. 0Ka3aJIOCb, 'ITO JIJO.ZJ;bMH ynpaBJIHJOT He TaK, KaK
.nyMaJI JOHOIIIa, nopHQaBIIIHH Anh<i>OHca )J,o.ne 3a He,nocrn-
TO'IHO CBeTJIOe OTHOIIIeHHe K )l(H3HH. lfa 3Toro 'IeJIOBeKy,
400
eoJ.n.aHHOMY .n.m1 Toro, qT06b1 rrpaBHTb JU-O.D:bMH, HyJirno
6bIJIO e.n.enaTb BbIBO,ll;bI: «Bbl He TaKOBbl, KaKHMH jJ Bae
ee6e rrpe.n.eTaBJijJJI. TaK jJ Haii.n.y erroeo6b1 6opb6b1, KOT0-
pb1e JaeTaBjJT Bae IIOHTH Ja MHOIO» ...
PeJKOeTb ero IIOJIHTHqeeKHx BbieTyrrneHHH 6h1Jia rro-
HeTHHe 6eerrpe.n.eJihHa. 0Ha eoJ.n.ana KneMaHeo rrpoJBHme
THrpa H rrpHBeJia ero K pj{.n.y rroe.n.HHKOB, rrpoqHo JaKpe-
IIHBIIIHx Ja HMM perryTaIJ;HlO 6peTepa. Ilo eJIOBaM ,[(epyne-
.n.a, OH rrpaBHJI <l>pam.i;HeH HJ-Ja KYJIHC, HaBO,lJ;jJ CTpax Ha
.n.erryTaTOB «CBOHM jJJblKOM, CBOeH IIIIIaroii, CBOHM IIHCTO-
JieTOM»... «Y MeHjJ 6bIJIH B )l(HJHH TOJibKO Te .D:Y3JIH,
KOTOpbIX jJ HeKaJI», - rOBOpHJI Ha CTapoeTH JieT caM
KneMaHco. CB010 rroJIHTHqeeKy10 TaKTHKY OH H no ceii
.n.eHb cqHTaeT rrpaBHJibHOH. «ny,ll;hTe JJihl B IIOJIHTHKe, -
COBeTyeT OH HaqHHa10mHM. - ,[(a)l(e jJ 6hIJI, IlO)l(aJiyH,
eme He.n.ocTaToqHo JOJI» ... Ero rronHTHqecKHe HacTaBJie-
HHjJ MOJIO,ll;bIM JIJO,lJ;jJM H Boo6me HaITOMHHalOT paJrOBOp
MeclmcTO<peJijJ c yqeHHKOM. CoBeeM He.n.aBHO B 6ece.n.e e
coTpy;:i;HHKOM «Comoedia» OH eKaJaJI: «Cep.n.IJ;e? JI He
JHa10, qTo :no TaKoe. 3To He cymecTayeT ... TaKoe )Ke
CJIOBO, KaK .n.o6po.n.eTeJib» ...
Ha.n.o, paJyMeeTcjJ, oqeHh aepHTh He TOJihKO B eao10
rrpaBOTy, HO H B eBOH CHJibl .n.JijJ Toro, qTo6hI cne.n.oBaTh
TaKOH TaKTHKe. «TpaBa He pacTeT TaM, r.n.e rrpOXO,ll;HT
KneMaHCO», - CKaJaJI Kor.n.a-TO raM6eTTa. BpeMjJ IIOJIH-
THqecKHX A TTHJI KoHqHnoeh, .n.a H Ha ATTHJIY B KOHi.le
KOHIJ;OB Halllnacb Ha IIOJijJX KaTanayHcKHx· yrrpaaa. B
rroJIHTHKe KaTanayHcKHe IIOJijJ rrorra.n.a10TCjJ rroaceMeeTHO.
KneMaueo CJIHIIIKOM .n.onro cejJJI BOKpyr ce6j{ ueuaBHCTh.
3a ace apeMjJ cymeeTBoBaHJijJ TpeTbeH pecrry6JIHKH HH
O,ll;HH qeJIOBeK He HMeJI TaKoro qJ.ICJia BparoB, KaK OH, -
BparoB H rroJIHTHqecKHX, H JIHqHhIX. B Bb16ope rroene.n.HHX
OH, IlO-BH,ll;HMOMy, 6hIJI oeo6eHHO uecqaCTJIHB.
OrracueiilllHM HJ ero aparoB 6h1JI TaJiaHTJIHBhIH H
xneeTKHH )l(ypuaJIHeT, eTOjJBIIIHH B TY rropy BO rnaae
caMoii pacnpocTpaueuuoii B MHpe raJeTbI. Ou )l(HB eme H
B HaeToj{mee BpeMjJ, HO .n.aBHO COilleJI co BCex eIJ;eH, Ha
KOTOphIX Kor.n.a-To BbICTyrran c orpoMHhIM yerrexoM. Te-
rreph OH 0 ce6e HaIIOMHHaeT JIHillb oqeub pe.n.Ko, rrpHTOM e
caMOH ueo)l(H.n.auuoH: CTOpOHhI. A.n.aoKaT Toppee ue.n.aBHO
yKpaCHJI CTaTheH 6hIBI1Iero B,ll;OXHOBHTeJijJ HaIJ;HOHaJIHeTOB
CBOIO KHHry o rrpoIJ;ecce IIIBapIJ;6apTa ... )l(HJHh KneMauco

• KaTlUiayHCKHe noJill - 3.llec&, s6JIH3H ropo.lla Tpya, soiicKa 3ana.llHO-

PuMCKOii uMnepuu pa3rpoMHJIH ryueos BO rnase c Arrunoii. - llpUM. pei>.

401
MO)l(HO 6hIJIO 6bI npe.[(CTaBHTb, KaK .[(OJ1ry10, ynopHyIO,
HCilOJIHeHHYIO )l(eCTOKOH HeHaBHCTH 6opb6y c '.HMM qeno-
BeKOM, ecnn: 6bI no cn:ne H 3Haqn:TeJibHOCTH rrpOTHBHHKH
Bee )l(e 6hIJIH 6onee 6nH3KH .[(pyr K .[(pyry.
06ll(eH3BeCTHOe pe3KOe CJIOBO IlyrnKHHa 0 IIOJIHTHKe
HMeeT oqeHb orpaHn:qeHHbIH CMblCJI; HO B 3TOM orpaHH-
qeHHOM CMbICJie OHO COBeprneHHO COOTBeTCTByeT HCTHHe.
BcSIKHH nonHTHqecKHH .[(eSITenb HeH36e)l(HO CTaHOBHTCSI
.[(OCTOSIHHeM ynm..~bl, H JllO.[(SIM, KOTOpbie B BblJIHJ'OM Ha
ronoBy yrnaTe noMoeB crroco6HhI BH.[(eTh xoTSI 6h1 nerKy10
HenpHSITHOCTb, KOHeqHo, B IIOJIHTHKe Heqero nenaTb. 3a6a-
BHO TO, qTo Ka)l(.[(aSI Ha1IHSI H Ka)l(.[(aSI 3IlOXa cqn:TaIOT
ynn:qHbie rrpn:eMbl IIOJIHTHqecKOH 6opb6b1 CBOeH oco6eH-
HOCTblO. B .[(OKa3aTenbCTBO Toro, qTo r.[(e-To nonHTHKa
.[(enaeTCSI He TaK, a ropa3.[(0 .[(enn:KaTHee, MbI o6blqHo
CCbIJiaeMCSI Ha EBpony, HeMI1bI Ha <l>paHI1HIO, cppaHllY3b1
Ha AHrnn:10, aHrnn:qaHe )l(e cKop6siT o rra.[(eHHH HpaBoB
«BO BpeMemf», - «B rrpocTpaHCTBe» HM He Ha KOro
cchIJiaTbCSI: B AHrnn:n: B caMOM .[(ene .[(eno o6cTOHT e
HOpMaAbHble epeMeHa HeCKOJibKO nyqrne, qeM B npyrHX
CTpaHax, rnaBHblM o6pa30M 6naro.[(apsi CTpallIHOMY 6pH-
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'laCTHYI-0 JKH3Hh )l(opeca, BparH OTKphlJIH TO, 'ITO OH,
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qpe3BhI'laHHO KpynHOH acpephI. CnHCKH DOAKynneHHhIX
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CKaHJJ;aJia, 6apoH PeiinaK 6bIJI HaiiJJ;eH MepTBbIM B CBOeM
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Be)J;eHHbIH )J;O KpaHHOCTH QJHHaHCHCT.
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MaHco CTOJib He6Jiaronpn.siTHoe JJ;JI.si Hero cTeqeHne 06-
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404
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nocoJibCTBO. B KaqecTBe 6pnTaHCKoro no;:mauHoro, HO
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pyKoso,n:nTeJIHM napTnn HaQHOHaJincTOB, K MnJihBya, JJ;e-
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HOCTU: nepenncKy 6pnTaHCKoro MUHUCTepCTBa UHOCTpaH-
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IlUCKa 3Ta B rJiaBHOH CBOeH qacTU OTHOCUJiaCb K KJieMaH-
co, HeOTpa3UMO yJiuqa)I ero B rocy.n:apCTBeHHOH U3MeHe.
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QeHe: OH Tpe6oBaJI CTO TblcHq cppaHKOB. BJia,n:eJieQ ra3eThI
c MHJIJIHOHHblM TUpa)KOM npe,n:JIO)KUJI CBOU cpe,n:CTBa. c
HerpoM noToproBaJIHCb M ,n:oKyMeHTbI y Hero npwo6peJIM.
B neqaTn 6hIJia MacTepcKM npoH3Be,n:eHa no.n:roTOBKa ceH-
caQHM. obIJI o6'hHBJieH ,n:eHh M qac, Kor.n:a c TpH6yHhI
napJiaMeHTa .n:enyTaT MnJibBya npHBe,n:eT noxwmeHHbie B
6pHTaHCKOM IlOCOJibCTBe ):(OKyMeHTaJibHbie ):(OKa3aTeJibCT-
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yKa3aHHbIH qac co6panach orpoMHaH TOJina, npe.n:nona-
rasrnaH 6pocMTb B CeHy ynwqeHHoro B M3MeHe .n:enyTaTa.
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405
 McnoJIHeHHhIM rpy6eH:urnx ourn6oK, o;::i;Ha rJiynocTh cJie-
.n:oBaJia 3a .n:pyroif, MHMUMaJihl no.n:nMCM 6hIJIM yKa3aHhl
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ce6H 3BaHMe .n:enyTaTa.
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no.n:Jiore, 6bIJI npMroBopeH K 3 ro.n:aM TIOpbMbI. KJieMaHco
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interets... IToJiytJMJI oH M HecKOJihKo BhIJoBoB Ha ,n:y3Jih co
cTopoHhI BOJI<,n:eif HaUMOHaJIMCTOB. HeJa,n:oJiro .n:o Toro OH
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6hIJIO npM3HaHO KJieBeTHM'leCKMM. B COBOKYDHOCTM OHM
ry6MJIM KJJeMaHco. HatJaJiach M36MpaTeJihHaH KaMnaHMH.
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 IlOKpbIBaJICH KOllla'lbHM KOHQepTOM c OCHOBHOU HOTOU
«Aoh, yes!..». )l(ypHaJIHCT, 0 KOTOpOM H rOBOpHJI, HanH-
caJI naCKBHJibHYJO CTaTblO, B Hen Ka:>KAaH <l>pa3a KOH-
'laJiaCb 3THM npHneBOM. :OoJiblllHHCTBO MHTHHrOB KneMa-
HCO 6bIJIO copBaHo. JlHmb B Caneptte eMy yAaJiocb AO-
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nepHcKyIO pe'lb CJibilllaJIH TbICH'IH JIIOAeH, a ra3eTy 'IHTaJIH
MHJIJIHOHbl. IlpOTHB «Aoh, yes!..» AOBOAbI 6bIJIH 6ecCHJib-
Hbl. Mopanb 6bma, co6cTBeHHO, OAHa: HeJib3H ccopHTbCH
c raJeToii, HMe10meu TPH MHJIJIHOHa 'IHTaTenen ...
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Bbl? - cnpocHJI ero KneMaHco. - qTo JK Bbl He KpH'IHTe
«Aoh, yes»? «rocnOAHH npe3HAeHT, Ka:>KAblU 'leJIOBeK MO-
:>KeT OlllH6aTbCH», - HeB03MYTHMO OTBeTHJI IlOKJIOHHHK .
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Ha KaKOM-TO TOp:>KeCTBeHHOM co6paHHH IlO'ITHTeJibHO 06-
paTHJICH K npOXOAHBllleMy MHMO Hero npeACeAaTeJIIO co-
BeTa MHHHCTpoB: «rocnOAHH npe3HAeHT, OAHO CJIOBO».
CTapHK, 6bIBlllHH B xopomeM HacTpoeHHH Ayxa, BApyr
ocTaHOBHJICH. «Un mot? - nepecnpocHJI OH. - Un mot
vous suffirait, dites-vous?» OH c Hacna:>KAeHHeM ycTaBHJICH
Ha AenyTaTa: «Eh bien, non, Monsieur, pas meme celui-
la!» • - cxaJaJI paAOCTHo KneMaHco H no men no A o6mwu
cMex cBoeu Aoporou. «KoKneH He Mor 6b1 pa3birpaTb 3TY
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.[(peJi<l>yca B soeHHOM cy)l.e, KOr)l.a BaJih)l.eK-Pycco ua111en
cnoco6 cnaceuMsi <l>paHU.HH OT rpa:>K)l.aHCKOH BOHHhI -
noMHJIOBaHMe ocy:>K)l.eHHoro rnasoJi rocy.n;apcTsa, - Kne-
MaHco, Ka:>KeTCSI e)l,HHCTBeHHbIH, pe3KO BOCCTaJI npOTHB
3TOro KOMilpOMHCCa, Tpe6ysi OTKa3a OT IlOMHJIOBaHHSI.

• «COJJ):laTbl, II He BHHOBaT!.. CoJJAaTJ>I, o6ec'!Cll.ICH llCBHHOBHblH!..» (,Pp.)

" MapceJJb IlpyCT.

412
Me)l(.ri;y HHM H PeiiHaKoM, rJiaBHbIM TeXHHKOM .ri;eJia, npo-
HJOIIIJia 6ypHaH eJ_\eHa. «)l;JIH Bae Bee B TOM, KaK 6bI
oeBo6o.ri;HTb HJ nopbMbI )l;peii<Pyea! Bb1 roTOBbI .ri;JIH 3TO-
ro IlO)l(epTBOBaTb BeJIHtJaHIIIHM .ri;eJIOM eTOJieTHH!» - ro-
BOpHJI e 6erneHeTBOM KJieMaHeo. «)l;JIH Bae )l(HBoii tJeJio-
BeK He eyI.QeeTByeT: BaM HY)l(Ha rpa)l(.ri;aHeKaH BOiiHa!» -
OTBetJaJI Peii:Hax.
IlpoHeernHiieH Ha.ri; <l>paHJ_\Heii «yparaH>> eMHJI O)l;HHX,
npHBeJI K BJiaeTH .ri;pyrHX, Tex, tfbHM H.ri;eii:HbIM BO)l()l;eM 6bIJI
KJieMaHeo. MHp OT 3Toro He B3opBaJieH. Kax Beer.ri;a
6brnaeT, K BJiaeTH eHatJaJia npHIIIJIH JII-O)l;H 6oJiee oeTOpO)l(-
Hbie. CaM KJieMaHeo, H36paHHbIH B eeHaT B 1902 ro.ri;y, ernJI
rJiaBoii npaBHTeJibCTBa JIHIIlb tJeTblpbMH ro.ri;aMH Il03)l;Hee.

VII.
OT Hero )l()l;aJIH otJeHb MHororo. OH He onpaB.ri;aJI
Ha.ri;e)l(.ri;. KJieMaHco 6hm cTap H 6oJihIIIe HH BO 'ITO He
BepHJI. BJiacTb .ri;ocTaJiach eMy eJIHIIIKOM noJ.ri;Ho. OH ro-
BOpHJI, 'ITO eoxpyrnaJI Bel-0 )l(lf3Hb O,D;HO H TO )Ke npaBH-
TeJibCTBO - TOJibKO B pa3HOM JIH'IHOM eoeTaBe. 3To 6bIJIO
6JIH3Ko K Hcnrne. Ho TO'IHO Taxoe )Ke npaBHTeJibCTBO
coJ,naJI H eaM KJieMaHeo. CxaJaTb o ero TpexJieTHeM
npaBJieHHH, co6cTBeHHO, HetJero. )l;peii<Pye 6bIJI BHOBb
ey.ri;HM H onpaB.ri;aH; B tJeM-TO 6bIJIH ocyI.QeCTBJieHbl KaKHe-
TO pe<PopMbl ... Ilo cpaBHeHHI-0 e TeM, 'ITO o6eI.QaJIH )l(H3Hb
H JIHtJHOCTb KJieMaHeo, Bee 3TO 6hmo HH'ITO)l(HO.
IloToM ero cBeprnH Taxoii )Ke HcxyeHoii napJiaMeHTC-
xoii KOM6HHaJ_\Heii, - HaIIIJIHeb JII-0,D;H, KOTOpbie MHOrOMY
y Hero HaytJHJIHCb. IloTOM OH eI.Qe eBepraJI ,ll;JIH pa3BJie-
tJeHHH pa3Hbie MHHHeTepcTBa - npaBHTeJibCTBa Kaiio,
EpHaHa. 11,neii Ja BceM 3THM, co6cTBeHHO, 6oJihIIIe He 6b1-
JIO. rpHM IlOHeMHory eTepeH, Me<PHcTo<PeJib IlOHBHJICH
6e3 rpHMa. KJieMaHeo nyTerneeTBOBaJI no eBeTy, npe.ri;-
exaJblBaJI BOHHY c repMaHHeii, Tpe6oBaJI ycHJieHHbIX BO-
opy)l(eHHH, ytJHJI paJyMy MOJIO,D;bIX JII-O.ri;eii, HJ.ri;eBaJieH Ha.ri;
HJIJII-03HHMH, Ha,n peJIHrHeii, ua.n 6paTCTBOM uapo,noB, ua.n
3HTY3HaeTaMH, ua.ri; naJ_\H<l>HcTaMH, Ha.ri; COJ_\HaJIHCTaMH,
ua.n BeeM H ua.n BeeMH.

VIII.
c nepBbIX .nueii BOHHbl, KOTopyI-O OH npe,neKa3blBaJI
copox JieT, rueBHo-naTpHOTHtJeexHe eTaTbH KJieMaHeo B
ero raJeTe «L'Homme libre» c.ri;eJiaJIHeb co6hITHeM .na)l(e B

413
 TY nopy co6hITHH. 3TH .UHM He H3rna.usncsi: B .uyrne mo.ueii,
KOTOpb1e nx nepexrnnn, a He nepexrnBrnHM nepe,n;aTh Te
BneqaTJieHHSI, pa3yMeeTCSI, HeB03MOiKHO. JI 6bIJI 3aCTHr-
HYT BOHHOH B IlapniKe H ocTaBancsi: B HeM HecKOJihKO
He,n;eJib. JI ITOMHIO MHOrOTblCSlqHyIO TOJIITY nepe.u pe,n;aK-
QHeH «Matin» B MHHyTy, Kor.ua npHlIIJIO H3BeCTHe 06
y6HHCTBe )l(opeca; ITOMHIO, KaK 3aiKercsi: nepBbIH npoiKeK-
TOp Ha KpbilIIe aBTOM06HJibHOro KJiy6a H CTaJI 6op03.UHTb
He6o B ITOHCKax BpaiKeCKHX a3pOnJiaHOB, - noqeMy-To
npe.urronaraJIOCb, qTo OHH ITOSIBSITCSI HOqhJO; ITOMHIO, KaK
npHJieTeJI (,n;HeM) H 6pOCHJI 6oM6y nepBbIH HeMeQKHH
a3pOnJiaH, - ,D;Ba COJI,UaTa OTKpbIJIH no HeMy CTpeJih6y H3
pyiKeii c OnepHoii nnorn;a.un, a Tonna xn1>rnyna HCKaTb
3arn;HThI OT 6oM6 no.u HaBec Cafe de la Paix! .. Bnocne,n;cT-
BHH BCe Mbl BH,UeJIH H He TaKHe Bern;H, HO 6eCCBSl3Hhie,
6eCCMbICJieHHbie BneqaTJieHHSI Tex nepBbIX ,D;HeH Bpe3aJIHCb
B naMSITh oco6eHHO rny6oKo.
Cpe.un HHX iKHBO noMHIO si: H cTaThIO KneMaHco o TaK
Ha3hIBaeMoM «communique de la Somme»•. IIIno KaTacT-
pocpnqecKoe HacTynneHne HeMQeB. OcpHQHaJibHbie coo6-
rn;eHHSI Bcsi:qeCKH CMsi:rqaJIH, CKpbIBaJIH, 3aMaJiqHBaJIH npa-
B,n;y. B O.UHOM H3 HHX BCKOJib3b 6bIJIO ynoMSIHYTO, qTo 6oH
nponcxo,n;HJIH Ha CoMMe. 0.n;HoBpeMeHHO BOeHHhIH MH-
HHCTp MHJibepaH Bbipa3HJI nonHoe y,n;oBJieTBopeHne xo-
.UOM BoeHHhIX co6hITHH. TaKoe iKe nonHoe y,n;oBJieTBope-
HHe BbICKa3hIBaJia BCSI neqaTb, - ra3eTbl IlHCaJIH Tor.ua B
O.UHOM TOHe. 0,n;HH KneMaHco, no3HaKOMHBlIIHCh c coo6-
rn;eHHeM, He HarneJI, qTo BCe H,UeT qy,n;eCHO, - IlOMHIO,
HOMep ra3eTbI c ero CTaTbeii napniKaHe pBaJIH .upyr y
.upyra H3 pyK. «Ha CoMMe? - cnparnnBaJI OH. - Eon
nponcxo,n;si:T Ha CoMMe! KaK iKe 3TO Morno cnyqnThCSI?
.[J;yMaeT JIH npaBHTeJibCTBO, qTo Mbl He 3HaeM, r.ue
CoMMa? BoeHHhIH MHHHCTp BnOJIHe y,n;oBJiernopeH? nhITh
MOiKeT, r. MHJihepaH cqnTaeT Hae .uypaKaMH? .. »
CTaTbH OH nncan H30 .UHSI B ,n;eHb. IlpaBHTeJihCTBO
BHBHaHH, BH.UHMO, He 3Hano, qTo c HHM .uenaTh. HHKTO He
XOTeJI CBSl3hIBaThCSI c KJieMaHCO, HO H npe.uocTaBHTb eMy
O.UHOMY npHBHJierHIO CB06o,n;Horo CJIOBa 6hlJIO, oqeBH.UHO,
HeB03MOiKHO. «TepneTb 3TO ,n;aJiblIIe HeJih3SI! IlycTb eMy
.ua.uyT BCIO BJiaCTb HJIH nyCTb ero paCCTpeJISIIOT!» - CKa-
3aJI o KneMaHco o.n;HH H3 BJIHSITeJibHhIX n10.ueii Toro
BpeMeHH. ,ZJ;pyroii Bbipa3HJI 3TY MbICJib B HHOH <j>opMe:

• «Coo6ll.leHHe c 6eperoo CoMMbl» (ifjp.).

414
«Conseil des ministres ou conseil de guerre ... »· TipaBH-
TeJibCTBO HaKOHeu pernHJIOCb npHMeHHTb K «L'Homme
Iibre» Te )l(e npaBHJia, qTo K .z:i:pyrHM ra3eTaM. B OTBeT
KJieMauco uanHcaJI cJie.ri:yIOrn:ee: «ECJIH ueu3ypa He npo-
nycTHT MOeti CTaThH, SI pa30lllJIIO ee qffTaTeJISIM no noqTe.
EcJIH )l(e nHChMa MOH 6y.ri:yT 3a.z:i:ep)l(HBaThCS1, SI caM noH:.z:i:y
pa3HOCHTb HX no J1:0MaM» ...
B TeqeuHe Tpex JieT OH, uecMoTpSI ua ueu3ypy, rpoMHJI
Tex, Koro cqHTaJI HY)l(HhIM rpoMHTh, - uey.z:i:aqJIHBhIX
reuepaJIOB, ueyMeJihIX HHTeH.ri:aHTOB, HepernHTeJibHbIX no-
JIHTHKOB, .z:i:a)l(e caMoro npe3H.11:eHTa pecny6JIHKH, KOTOpbIH
Bhl3BaJI ero SlpOCTb TeM, qTo B BOeHHOe BpeM.SI BhiexaJI Ha
oqmuHaJihHYIO uepeMOHHIO B conpoBO)l(J1:eHHH .ri:paryuc-
KOro 3CKopTa. Tiy6JIHKa BepHJia KJieMauco - OH OJ1:HH
HHor.z:i:a roBopHJI npaB.ri:y. BepHJI eMy H ceuaT, H36paBrnHH:
ero npe.ri:ce.ri:aTeJieM .11:BYX Ba)l(HeHillHX KOMHCCHH BOeHHOro
BpeMeHH.

HacrnJia 0KTS16phcKaS1 peBOJIIOUHSI, pyccKHH Q>poHT

pa3BaJIHJICSI, COTHH TblCSlq repMaHCKHX COJIJ1:aT MOrJIH 6hITb
6porneHbl c BOCTOKa Ha 3ana.z:i:. B KpHTHqecKyIO J1:JISI COI03-
HHKOB MHHYTY npe3HJ1:eHT pecny6JIHKH, 3a6hrn JIHqHbie
o6HJ1:hI, npH3BaJI K BJiaCTH KJieMauco. Ou 6hm nocJie.ri:ueH:
CTaBKOH <l>paHQHH. TipHX0.11:HJIOCb BbI6HpaTb Me)l(.z:i:y ero
J1:HKTaTypoH: BOHHhI H J1:HKTaTypoH: MHpa )1(03eQ>a KaH:o.
CTapHK, BHJ1:HMO, He )l(J1:aJI BJiacTH. liJIH3KHH K HeMy
qeJioBeK paccKa3brnaeT, qTo nocJie pa3roBopa c TiyaHKape
KJieMaHCO OTIIpaBHJICSI K CBOeMy Bpaqy H cnpOCHJI, MO)l(eT
JIM OH paccqHTbIBaTb eme Ha ro.ri:-.z:i:pyroH: )l(H3HH: HHaqe
HeJib3SI 6paTb BJiaCTb B TaKyIO MHHyTy. TioJiyqHB yrnep-
J1:HTeJibHbIH OTBeT, OH 3anaCCSI Ha CJiyqail: Hey.z:i:aqH 6hICT-
po.ri:eil:cTBYIOlll:HM .SIJ1:0M. MoJKeT 6hITh, 3TO H Jiereu.z:i:a. Ho
0 .ri:pyroM qeJIOBeKe H JiereH.ri:y TaKyIO CJIOJKHTb 6hIJIO 6bI
Tpy.ri:uo. CTapbIH .11:Y3JIHCT Bee nocTaBHJI ua KapTy.
Ou o6pa3oBaJI Ka6HHeT H3 JIIO.ri:eH: B 6oJihlllHHCTBe
6ecuBeTHbIX, KOTOpbIX OH .ri:aJKe He IlOCB.Slrn:aJI B .ri:eJia.
0.ri:HH H3 HHX BilOCJie.ri:cTBHH OTKpOBeHHO npH3HaBaJIC.SI,
qTo CTapHK H3 npHHUHUa HHqero He coo6rn:aJI 0 BOeHHbIX
.ri:eJiax B xa6HHeTe, onacaS1Ch 6oJITOBHH MHHHCTpOB. KJie-
Mauco roBOpHJI capKaCTHqecKH, qTo OH .n:eMOKpaTH3Hpo-
BaJI BO <l>paHUHH HJ1:eIO npaBHTeJibCTBa: noKa3aJI, qTO
MHHHCTpOM MOJKeT 6bITb KTO yro.ri:uo.
OcTaJihHOe BCeM H3BeCTHO. Y cTaHOBHB e.ri:HHOJIHquyIO

• «COBeT MHHHCTpOB HJIH BOCHHblH COBeT ••• » (<fip.)

415
AHKTaTypy, KneMauco noBeJI BoH:uy c ueqenoBe'IeCKOH
3HeprweH:. B AYllle Boeuuoro pa3pylllHTem1 ell(e xpauwnc.si:
orpOMHbIH HCTO'IHHK CHJibI. OH apeCTOBaJI CTOpOHHHKOB
MHpa, IlOJIO)l(HJI KOHeQ arHTaQHH naQmpHCTOB, ycHJIHJI
BOeHHYIO QeH3ypy, He.D:aBHO CTOJib eMy HeHaBHCTHyIO,
npHBeJI B .D:eHCTBHe MallJHHY BOeHHbIX cy.11:0B, KOTopyIO
Kor.11:a-To TaK npoKJIHHaJI ... Ou uocwnc.si: no <PpouTy, npo-
H3Hoc.si: 3a)l(HraTeJihHhie pe'IH, nocell(aJI no.11: orueM nepe-
.IJ:OBhie TpaHllleH, .11:06HJIC.sl ycTaHOBJieHH.sl e.11:wuoro KOMaH-
.IJ:OBaHH.sl H nopy'IHJI ero <l>ollly. 80-JieTHHH .IJ:HKTaTop
B.D:oxuyn B uapo.11: HOBYIO 3HeprHIO. He 3HaIO, KaKoH: ou
6hIJI opraHH3aTop, - 06 3TOM ecTh pa3Hhie MHeum1. Ho
HCXOAHBllJHH OT Hero IlOTOK BOJieBoro uanp.si:)l(eHH.sl .11:eH:-
CTBOBaJI ua H3My'IeHHYIO HaQHIO. MopHc Eappec roBopHJI,
'ITO Ha Ka)l(.IJ:OH IlJIOil(a.D:H <l>paHQHH ua.11:0 6bIJIO 6bl IlOCTa-
BHTb 30JIOTYIO cTaTyIO KneMauco.
IlpHlllJia no6e.11:a. Hacrnn ano<Pe03. B .11:eub nepeMHpH.si:,
no.11: rpoxoT caJIIOTHbIX BblCTpeJIOB, BCTpe'IeHHbIH ue6bIBa-
JihIMH OBaQHRMH, KneMauco roBopHJI pe'Ih B TOH naJiaTe,
r.11:e Kor.11:a-To ero TpaBHJIH KaK H3MeHHHKa. Ilocne.11:ueMy
OCTaBllleMyc.si: B )l(HBbIX H3 JIIO.D:eH, KOTOpbie B 1871 ro.11:y
no.11:nwcaJIH B Eop.11:0 npoTecT npoTHB OTTOp)l(eum1 3nh-
3aca, .11:auo 6bIJio coo6Il(HTh <l>paHQHH BeCTh o no6e.11:e.
«Apres la cigue vient l'heure des statues»·, - cKa3aJI ou
B CBOeH KHHre 0 .D:eMoc<Peue, - B HeH no.11: HMeHeM ,[I;eMo-
c<Peua ou AOBOJihHO npo3paquo H3o6pa3HJI caMoro ce6.si:.
«4ac naM.si:THHKOB» uacTaJI .11:n.si: KneMauco npH )l(H3HH.
BoT TOJihKO )l(.IJ:aTh 3Toro qaca npHlllJIOCh .D:OBOJihHO .11:on-
ro H paCC'IHTbIBaTb Ha era npHXO.IJ: He 6hIJIO HHKaKHX
ocuoBaHHH: KneMauco Mor H ue .IJ:O)l(HTh .11:0 BOHHhI.
,[I;n.si: .D:OBepllleHH.si: ano<Peo3a IOHOllla auapxHcT KoTTeH
BCa.D:HJI eMy B nerKoe nyn10 ...

IX.
Tpy6hI H JIHTaBphI rpeMeJIH nonTopa ro.11:a, roBopHJIHCh
JibCTHBble, HeHCKpeHHHe CJIOBa, a 3a HHMH CKpbIBaJiaCb,
uaKanJIHBanach 3Jio6a. Eypua.si: Kaphepa KneMauco no.11:0-
lllJia K KOHQY He)l(.11:auuo. Ero xaH.D:H.D:aTypa ua .D:OJI)l(HOCTh
npe3H.D:eHTa pecny6JIHKH, ocB060)1(.1J:aBlllYIOC.s1 c yxo.11:0M
IlyauKape, C'IHTaJiacb coBepllleHHO 6eccnopuoH:. Ilpe.11:no-
naranoch, 'ITO le pere la Victoire 6y.11:eT m6pau 'IYTh JIH ue
• «IlocJie 60JIHrOJIOBa npHXO.!UIT 'lac IlaMllTBHKOB» (<fip.). 60JIHrOJIOB -
IUIOBHTOe pacreHHC ceMeiicrsa 30HTB'IHblX. - llpUM. peo.

416
elllfHOrJiaCHO, KaK OH 6hIJI B 1918 rOAY eAHHOrJiaCHO H36paH
tfJieHOM <l>pam~y3CKOH AKaAeMHH·. 0AHaKO HHCTHHKTHB-
HbIH cTpax, BHyrnaeMhIH JIHtfHOCThlO KneMaHco, HeHa-
BHCTh, KOTOpy10 OH BOKpyr ce6SI ceSIJI TaK meApO, 60Sl3Hb
ceMHJieTHeH llHKTaTyphI H yTBep)l(lleHHSI Ha emi:ceifcKOM
TpOHe CTOJib Bbllla10merocS1, CHJibHOro tfeJIOBeKa, HaKOHeu;,
HellOBOJihCTBO BepcaJihCKHM MHpoM B pa3HhIX Kpyrax
ClleJiaJIH csoe Aeno. B caMy10 nocneAHJOIO MHHYTY Ep:naHy
yAaJicH JIYtJIIIHH KOM6HHau;HOHHhIH rneAeBp ero )l(H3HH• :
OH BhillBHHYJI npoTHB KneMaHco KaHAHAaTypy IloJIH ,[(e-
rnaneJISI H 06bellHHHJI BOKpyr nee 6JIOK cou;HaJIHCTOB c
KpaHHHMH npaBbIMH, KaTOJIHKOB - c JieBbIMH paAHKaJia-
MH. Ha npeABapHTeJihHOM o6meM co6paHHH ceHaTopos H
AenyTaTOB KneMaHco nonytJHJI 389 ronocoB, ,[(ernanenh -
408. Pe3yJihTaTbI ronocosaHHSI, «tJepHaH He6naroAapHOCTh
JllOlleH», Bbl3BaJIH Heo6bIKHOBeHHYIO ceHcau;HlO BO BCeM
MHpe. IlpeACeAaTeJih COBeTa MHHHCTpOB TOTtfaC pe3KHM
IlHCbMOM CHSIJI CBOIO KaHAHllaTypy. «B En:uceHCKHH llBOpeu;
ero He BilYCTHJIH, BbICaAHTb ero H3 HCTOpHH 6yAeT MHOro
TPYAHee», - cKa3aJI 3HaMeHHThIH n:ucaTeJib.
,[(ernaHeJih, KOTOporo KneMaHCO KOrAa-TO B BeChMa
HpOHHtfeCKOM ocsemeHHH H306pa3HJI B CBOeM poMaHe «Les
plus forts» ... , 6blJI Ha CJiellYIOJnHH AeHb H36paH npe3HlleH-
TOM pecny6JIHKH. BHAHMO, HOBbIH rJiaBa rocyAapCTBa
OtfeHb XOTeJI Il030JIOTHTb IlHJIIOJIIO CBOeMy 3HaMeHHTOMY
conepHHKy, - KaK-TO BCe-TaKH 3TO Hexoporno BbIXOllHJIO
c nposanoM «oTu;a Ilo6ellhI». B cBoeif 6naroAapcTBeHHOH
petJH KOHrpeccy ,[(ernaHeJih CJiallKO rOBOpHJI 0 <<BeJIHKOM
cppaHu;y3e», o ero «6eccMepTHhIX 3acnyrax» H npeAJIO)l(HJI
nocnaTh npHBeTCTBeHHhIH aApec KneMaHco. IlpHMO c KOH-
rpecca ,[(ernaHeJib - BepOSITHO, B CMepTeJihHOM CTpaxe -
OTnpaBHJICSI K «BeJIHKOMY cppaHu;yJy» c BH3HTOM. KneMaH-
co BeJieJI CKa3aTh, tfTO ero HeT llOMa. qeJIOBeK, Ha3BaBIIIHH
AypaKOM aHrJIHHCKOro npeMhepa .... , Mor He npHHSITb npe-

• BonpeKH BeKOBOH TpaJ:llll.lllH, OH 6blJI H36paH 6e3 BCllKOro c ero CTOpOHbl

XOAaTaiiCTsa H 6e3 yCTaHosneHHblX oi!>HllllaJJbHblX BH3HTOB. Ho KrieMaHco BCTYnH-
TCJJbHoii pe'IH HC npeACTaBHJI H AaJJCe He 3arJJllHYJI HH pa3y B AKaACMHIO, - :no
nepBblH CJJy'laii B ee HCTOpHH.
" EcJIH sepHTb Ilonio MeHbe, KneMaHco npe.Qnonaran scneA 3a pacnpasoii c
!<aiio apeCTOBaTb H npeAaTb CYAY no CXOAHOMY o6BHHCHHIO lipHaHa, KOTOpblH 6yATO
6bl 06 3TOM 3HaJJ H, cnacall ce6ll, C03AaJJ KaHAHAaTypy .l{ewaHem1. 3To, OAHaKO,
MaJJOBCpollTHO •
... «CaMble CHJlbHble» {(Jp.) .
.... B 1918 r. JIJJOHA .l{llCOPAJK nopy'IHJJ OJ:lllOMY H3 BHAHCHWHX aHrJJHHCKHX
soeHa'laJJbHHKOB y3HaTb y KneMaHco, npaeAa JJH, 'ITO KaKoii-To $paHuy3cKHii
reHepan OTKPblJI cnoco6 BeCTH HBCTynJJCHHe 6e3 noTepb! BoeHB'laJJbHHK ompaBHJICll
K CTapHKY 3a cnpaBKOH. «CKallCHTC, DOllCaJJyiicTa, JlJJOHA .l{llCOPAlKY' 'ITO OH AY-
paK», -- 01 BC I HJI B llPOCTH KneMBHCO.
14-5317
417
 3H,UeHTa <f>paHUY3CKOH pecny6JIHKH. 0TKa3aJICSI OH TaK:lKe
OT npoll(aJibHOro npHBeTCTBHSI KOHrpecCHCTOB H HaBcer.ua
IlOKHHYJI IlOJIHTHKY CKOpee c npe3peHHeM, 'leM co 3JI06oi1 ...
OH nyTernecTBOBaJI B A<f>pHKe, B A3HH, oxoTHJicsi Ha
THrpoB, )KlfJI B CBOeH pO.UHOH Batt.nee Ha 6epery MOpsi, IlHCaJI
KHHI'H, CBH.UeTeJihCTBYJOll(He 06 orpoMHOH KYJihType, o
He06bIKHOBeHHOH SICHOCTH H :meprHH yMa. XpoHHKa ra3eT
Bcero MMpa HHTepecyeTcsi MM ell(e 6onhrne, 11eM npe)K.ue, o
HeM paccKa3blBaIOT TblCSl'IH aHeK,UOTOB, K HeMy XO,IJ;SIT HH-
TepBbIOepbl, KOTOpbIX OH He npHHHMaeT' pacnpocTpaHSllOT
OT ero HMeHH OCTpOTbl, KOTOpbie eMy He npHHa)J;Jle)KaT.
0.z:i;HHM CJIOBOM, KneMaHco - HauHoHaJibHasi cnaBa.
B cBoeit nocne.z:i;Heit <f>ttnoco<f>cKoit KHHre, Bb1rne.z:i;rneit
HeCKOJibKO MecsiueB TOMY Ha3a)J;, OH rOBOpHT: «J'ai vecu de
bruit, et voici que j'entends les pas etouffes du silence.
Avant de me taire, quelles paroles pour conclure? Sagesse
ou folie de m'exprimer? .. Affranchi du monde et de moi-
meme, que mon dernier mouvement de presomption soit
d'apporter ici la parole independante d'un passant, au soir
de la pensee>>* ... 3ToT Heo6blKHOBemm o.z:i;apeuub1it 11e110-
BeK H B caMOM .z:i;ene KaKOH-TO npOXO)KlfH ...
Ou 6hIJI BCIO )Klf3Hb .z:i;eMoKpaToM, 011eHb nnoxo sepsi B
.z:i;eMOKpaTHIO. «CJiy)KHJI qeJIOBe'leCTBy», ueuaBH.US! H npe-
3Hpasi n10.z:i;eii. CBoii naTpHOTH3M OH .z:i;oKa3aJI .z:i;ocTaTO'IHO
HarJISl)J;HO, HO 'ITO HMeHHO OH JII06HT BO <l>paHUHH, O'leHb
TPYllHO cKa3aTh. HHKaKoi1 sepb1 y Hero ueT H ue 6hlno: HH
B Bora, HH B JIIO,IJ;eH, HH B 3eMHOH nporpecc, HH B 3arpo6HblH
MHp. B rnyforne .z:i;yrnH OH He BepHT, Ka:lKeTCSI, H B CBOe
co6cTBeuuoe .z:i;ei1cTBHe. KaK <l>pH.z:i;pHx <f>ou lliTeHH, «co3.z:i;a-
TeJib HOBoit IlpyccHH», TO)Ke YllHBJisiBrnHit csoeit 6ypHoi1
3HeprHeH MHp, KneMaHCO Mor 6bI CKa3aTb Ha CKJIOHe .z:i;uei1:
«Pe3yJibTaT Moero :lKH3HeHHOro OilbITa - HH'ITO:lKeCTBO 11e-
JIOBe11ecKoro 3HaHHSI: H .z:i;eMCTBHSI:, B oco6eHHOCTH IlOJIHTH-
11ecKoro». B CBOHX qrnnoco<f>cKHX KHHraX OH pauHOHaJIHCT B
CTHJie XVIII BeKa H no sceMy csoeMy yMcTBeHHOMY cKna.z:i;y
Hacne.z:i;HHK BOJibTepoBcKoit Tpa.z:i;HuHH. Ho 3TOT 3JIJIHH, 3TOT
IlOKJIOHHHK pa3yMa, no-BH,IJ;HMOMy, B rny6Hue llYillH y6e)K-
.z:i;eH B COBeprneHHOM Tll(eTe BCeX 11eJIOBe11eCKHX .z:i;eJI. Ilo
CJIOBaM ero ceKpeTapsi, OH nopoIO B CBOeM Ka6HHeTe,
yKparneHHOM H306pa:lKeHHSIMH BOCTO'IHblX 60)KKOB, ,IJ;OJII'H-

• <di lKHJI B wyMe H BLIPYT ycnb1W3JI npHrnyweHHblC warn THWHHbl. TipelKAC

'ICM JI 3aMOn'ly, HCCKOnbKO cnoe B 3aKnJO'leHHe? 6y.t1CT MYLIPOCTblO HnH 6e3YMHCM
HX npoH3HecTH? Oceo6oJK,llCHHblH OT MHpa H OT ce6JI caMoro, JI XOTen 6bl KaK
nocne.aeee npoJ1eneeHe Moero BblCOKOMepHJI CKa3aTb He3aBHCHMoe cnoeo npoxo-
JKero, B cyMepKax MblCnH» (tjjp.).

418
MH qaeaMH eH.l{HT B Kpeene, HHqero He .nenaH, rJIHllH He-
IlOllBH:>KHO nepe.n eo6mo. KaK noqTH Bee 3HaMe1rnTb1e oeT-
poyMQbI, KneMaHeo qenoBeK TH)l(eJibIH H eyMpaqHbIH. Oe-
HOBHaH qepTa ero xapaKTepa, HapaBHe e )l(a)l(.l{OH )l(H3HH H e
llhHBOJibeKoii rop.noeTbIO, - rny6oKaH, 6eenpe.nenhHaH
MH3aHTponm1. «Jl10.nw eme He BbIIIIJIH H3 nep1m.na ne-
mep», - eKa3an oH KaK-TO. Eme He BbIIIIJIH? Ha.n «eTpow-
TeJIHMH 6y.nymero» OH H3BHTeJibHO H3.l{eBaneH. «Ka)l(.ny10
peqb )J{opeea MO)l(HO Y3HaTb no ToMy, qTo B Heii Bee
rnaroJibI B 6y.nymeM BpeMeHm>, - 3aMeTHJI OH e HaeMeIII-
Koii. 0.nHaKo 6e3 «npoeKQHH Ha 6y.nymee» nepBbIH nepno.n
)l(H3HH eaMoro KneMaHeo eo8epIIIeHHO JIHIIIeH eMb1ena. Ee
8TOpoii nepHOll JIHIIIeH eMbieJla He npoeKQHeii Ha 6y.nymee.
He.na8HO noeeTHJI ero nHeaTeJih, )l(eJla8IIIHH 3aHHTbeH ero
6worpa<fmeii. «Je voudrais eerire l'histoire de votre vie, pour
vos eontemporains», - eKa3aJ1 nHeaTeJib. «Je me f... de mes
eontemporains», - OT8enrn KJleMaHeo. «Alors, pour la
posterite», - nonpa8HJleH nHeaTeJlh, HeeKOJlbKo 03a.naqeH-
Hb1ii OT8eToM. «Je me f ... de la posterite» *, - pa3bHeHHJ1
KpaTKo eTapHK. Ha nopore .necHTOro .necum1eTHH )l(H3HH
KneMaHeo 8 e8oeM npe3peHHH K JlIO.llHM .noIIIen .no TOH 8ep-
IIIHHbI, Ha KOTOpoii H r080pHTb 60JibIIIe He xoqeTCH. «B08Ce
He HY)l(HO 8epHTb, MH Toro qT06b1 .neiiCT808aTh», -
eKa3an BHnbrenhM OpaHCKHii, H 3TH eJlo8a MOrJlH 6h1 6hITb
3nHrpacl>oM 6ypHoii )l(H3HH )J{opx<a KJleMaHeo. Bo HMH
qero OH 6opoJleH, eTpa.naJl, C8epraJ1, pa3pyIIIaJ1, TOilHJl,
ToHyJl? CaMaH IIIYMHaH )l(H3Hh, caMaH 6yP.HaH Kapbepa
HaIIIero 8peMeHH npo1IIJ1a TaK, HH MH qero .

Bc10 Hoqh, 8 6yp10, no.n nponH8HbIM .llO)l(.lleM, a8TOM0-

6HJ1bHb1ii <iJyprou ueceH H3 ITapH)l(a 8 Bau.ne10.
BonpeKH 06h1qa10, Ka)l(eTeH .na)l(e 80npeKH 3aKoHy,
rpo6 e TeJloM KneMaueo 6h1JI 3aKonoqeu qepe3 ueeKOJlbKO
qaeo8 noeJle ero eMepTH. )J{ypHaJ1HeT08, <iJoTorpa<lJo8,
ny6J1HKY .llYIIIeilpHKa3qHKH 880.llHJIH 8 3a6Jly)l(.neuHe, co-
o6maH JIO)l(Hble e8e.nemrn OTHOeHTeJlbHO llHH, qaea H Me-
eTa noxopoH.
rJly6oKOH H0%10 K .llOMY Ha YJlHQY <l>paHKJlHHa IlO.llb-
exaJIH a8TOM06HJ1H. JlIO.llH nocneIIIHO 8bIHeeJ1H rpo6

•- JI XOTeJI 6bl HaOHCaTb )lJlll COBpeMeHHHKOB HCTOpHIO saweii llCHJHH.

- flJJeBaTb MHe Ha COllpeMCHHHKOB.
- Tor,11.i, MOllCer 6b1Tb, )lJlll DOTOMKOB.
- IlJJesaTu MHe Ha DOTOMKOB. (rfjp.}.
.. Ilepsoe HJ,llaHHe «CospeMeHHHKOB» BblWJJO eme npH llCHJHH KneMaHCO •
.llonOJJHlllO Tenepb CTaTblO 0 HCM CTpoKaMH, HanHcaHHblMH TOT'Iac nOCJJe ero
KOH'IHllbl.

419
 He ycnen CBepKHYTb MarHHH - H cpyprOH noHeCCH no
nyCTbIHHbIM ynm.~aM Ilapm1rn. 3a HHM B.D:OrOHKY nOM'Ia-
JlHCb ,n:e:>KypHBIIIHe cppaHI.\Y3CKHe, aHrJIHHCKHe, aMepHKaHC-
KHe :>KypHaJIHCThl, - OHH 6naropa3yMHO 3anaCJ1HCb aBTO-
M06HJ1HMH. Ho Bee 6hmo npe.n:ycMoTpeHo: Ha JacTaBe
npecpeKT nonHu,HH Ja,n:ep:>Kan :>KypHamt:cToB Ha non11aca, c
HaCTOH'IHBOH npocb6oH:, no Kpai1HeH Mepe, .n:aTb OTnexaTb
.n:aneKo Bnepe.n: cpyproHy.
B rnyxoii: cppaHU.Y3CKOH npoBHHU.HH elll,e coxpaHHJICH
CTapHHHbIH o6hI1IaH, Bbl3hIBaIOllJ,HM B naMHTH onepy «ry-
reHOThl», Jleca:>Ka, HCTOpH1IeCKHe pOMaHCbl IloHCOHa .D:IO
Teppai1nH. B onpe.n:eneHHhie 11acb1 .D:HH 6apa6aHllJ,HK 06-
xo,n:HT ynHu,h1 ropo,n:Ka, 6heT B 6apa6aH H rpoMKO, Hapac-
neB, coo6llJ,aeT Ba:>KHhie BeCTH. TaK, B cTapHHY bailli•
o6MIBJ1HJ1 CBOH pacnopH:>KeHHH BepHono.n:,n:aHHbIM KOpOJIH
<l>paHIJ,HH H HaBappbI. Tenepb ycnyraMH 6apa6aHllJ,HKa
MH TaKOH :>Ke u,eJIH nOJ1h3yeTCH M3p KOMMYHhl, «JieBbIM
pecny6JIHKaHeIJ,», pa,n:HKaJl HJlH COIJ,HaJIHCT.
B BOChMOM 11acy yTpa B ropo.n:Ke MyrnaH 6apa6aHllJ,HK
M3pa, MOChe Pycceno, o6xo,n:HJI HeMHoro11HcneHHb1e ynH-
U.hI H HacTOM'IHBO npHrnaIIIan :>KHTeneii: He xo,n:HTh B Kno-
KoJioM6he, r.n:e ,n:oJI:>KHhI npoHcxo,n:HTh noxopoHhI HX 3Ha-
MeHHToro JeMJIHKa. B TO :>Ke BpeMH no TenerpacpHoMy
pacnopH:>KeHHIO Tap,n:he BhI3BaHHaH cneIII110 KOHHaH :>KaH-
.n:apMepHH JaHHMaJia Bee no.n:cTynhl K ropaM, Ha BepIIIHHe
KOTOph1x, B He6oJihIIIOH polll,e, KJieMaHco 3a60TJIHBO npH-
roTOBHJI ce6e MOrHJiy. no Y3KHM ropHbIM TponHHKaM,
Ha,n: nponacTHMH, yTonaH B rpH3H, cpyproH Me,n:JieHHO
110,n:HHJICH K pou~e. Bc10 HO'Ih MecTHhie BJiaCTH («des
messieurs completement affoles» .. , - TenerpacpHpoBan
0)1,HH H3 :>KypHaJIHCTOB) paC'IHllJ,aJIH .n:opory, COBellJ,aJIHCb c
MOrHJibllJ,HKaMH, paccTaBJIHJIH TIOJIHIJ,eMCKHe 3aCTaBhl.
51Ma 6hlna BhiphITa Ha MecTe, yKa3aHHOM KneMaHco
HeCKOJihKO JieT TOMY Ha3a,n:. B Hee onycTHJIH rpo6. Ha 3THX
cpaHTaCTII'IeCKHX noxopoHax He 6b!J10 HH MOJlHTB, HH pe11eii:,
HH peJIHrH03HhIX, HH rpa:>K,n:aHCKHX o6pH.D:OB. B,n:aJIH Tpe-
llJ,aJIH KHHeMaTorpacpH1IeCKHe a1111apaTbl, :>KypHaJIHCTbl 3a-
11HCbIBaJIH B11e11aTJ1eHHH. «Des messieurs completement
affoles» cyeTHJIHCb Ha 3aCTaBax, OTTeCHHH BCex B03MO:>KHO
,n:aJlbllle. 0T6HJ1HCb OT 3BaHhIX, OT6HBaJIHCb HOT He3BaHbIX.
TaK, BepOHTHO, HHKOr,n:a HHKOro He xopOHHJlH.
3To )J(op:>K KneMaHco 11och1J1aJI JIIO.D:HM CBOIO 3arpo6-
Hy10 KapTO'IKy: p. p. C.
' Cy,11&11 (rftp.).
" «06e3yMeewue rocno.11a» (rftp.).

420
 C noKopHeihnew npoch6ow He YTPY)l(.IJ.aThCSI H He npH-
xo,11,HTh Ha noxopoHhI.
IloqTH Bee coBpeMeHHhre rocy.rr.apcTBeHHhre ,11,esiTe1m
<l>panu,HH BhIIlIJIH H3 UIKOJibI KneManco, 6hIJIH MHHHCT-
paMH ero Ka6HHeTOB HJIH ero IlOMOllJ,HHKaMH no pe,11,aKU,HH
pa3HhIX ra3eT (11cKmoqem1e cocTaBJISleT IlyanKape). Ca-
Mbre O)l(eCToqennhre BparH KneManco TO)l(e o6si3aHbr eMy
CBOHM nomn11qecKHM B03BhrrnenneM. Ho ero co6cTBeH-
Hy10, neo6hrKHOBenny10 «Kapbepy» oqenb Tpy,11,no Ha3BaTb
cqacTJIHBOH. KneMaHCO CTaJI BnepBbie MHHHCTpOM 66 JieT
OT po,11,y - cnyqaj;f pe,11,KHH B HCTOpHH napJiaMeHTCKHX
CTpaH. IlyaHKape 6bIJI pOBHO B)J,BOe MOJIO)l(e (33 ro.rr.a),
Kor.n.a nonyqHJI CBOH nepBbIH nopnpeJih. B KneManco ne
6hmo H cJie)J,oB KapbepH3Ma. On ne yMeJI ry6HTb CBOHX
sparoB, Ho caMoro ce6si ry611JI 6ecnpecTaHHO. CTpacTH,
KHneBrnHe B HeM BCIO )l(Jl3Hb, MeUiaJIH eMy 6hITb rocy.rr.ap-
CTBeHHbIM qeJIOBeKoM - B nopMaJihHoe speMsi. He 6bmo
B HeM H Toro, qTo CTporHe KpHTHKH co CTOpOHbI 30BYT
noJIHTHqecKHM JIHU,eMepHeM, - HanoJieon ne.rr.apoM cq11-
TaJI ne.rr.onycTHMbIM npe.rr.cTaBJieHHe Ha cu,ene «TapTIOq>a».
KJieManco rneJI K BJiaCTH caMbIM .rr.aJieKHM nyTeM: npsi-
MhIM. Toqnee, on .rr.a)l(e ne UieJI K neii, a JIOMHJICSI, onpo-
KH.JJ.hIBasi Bee Ha CBOeM nyTH, cesi nOBCIO)J.Y 3JI06y, MeCTb,
nenaBHCTb. MoJio.rr.oii qecTon106eu,, naq11na10rn;11ii non11-
T11qecKoe BOCXO)l()J,eHHe, He H3BJieqeT H3 ero )l(Jl3HH HHKa-
KOro ypoKa: ,11,JISI Toro qTo6bI H,11,TH TaKHM nyTeM, na,11,0
6biJIO 6bITb KJieMauco. Mo)l(HO, no)l(aJiyii, H3BJieqb ypoK
OTpHu,aTeJibHbIH: BOT KaK He CJie,11,yeT ,11,eJiaTh Kapbepy.
OcTopo)l(HbIX, XJia)J.HOKpOBHbIX JII0,11,ew, ,11,11nJI0MaToB,
nacTosirn;Hx noJIHTHKOB OH He BbIHOCHJI. BeposiTHO, 0T-
c10.rr.a ero )J,aBHSISI HeHaBHCTb K CTOJib 3aMeqaTeJibHOMY
qeJioBeKy, KaK IlyanKape. Tenepb :no TPY.JJ.HO noHSITb.
BceM H3BecTHo, KaKHM orpoMHbIM aBTOpHTeTOM noJib-
3yeTcsi IlyaHKape B HaCTOSlllJ,ee BpeMSI, KaK yMeeT OH 3THM
aBTOpHTeTOM IlOJib30BaTbCSI, KaKaSI BJiaCTHOCTb H CHJia
qyBcTBYIOTCSI Tenepb B TOHe ero BbICTynJieHHH. Ho Bee 3TO
Ha.rr.o 6hIJIO 3aCJIY)l(flTb. TpH.rr.u,aTh JieT TOMY Ha3a.JJ. y
IlyaHKape He 6hrJio Ha 3TO npasa. HHcKOJihKO He 6y.rr.yq11
KapbepHCTOM, OH, co csoiicTBeHHbIM eMy yMoM, TaKTOM,
XJia)l.HOKpOBHeM, BeJI ce6si TOr)J,a OCTOpO)l(HO. BbI)l(H,11,a-
TeJibHYIO no3HU,HIO IlyaHKape 3aHSIJI H B naqaJie .rr.eJia
)J;peii<Pyca. B ra3eTax Toro BpeMeHH MO)l(HO naiiTH 3JI06-
no-capKacTHqecKy10 cTaThlO o HeM KJieMaHco, - OH ro-
sopHJI 0 6Jiaropa3yMHbIX, paccy)J.HTeJibHbIX, qecTOJII06H-
421
BbIX MOJIOJl.blX JllOJl.SIX, CTapalOil.(HXCSI no B03MOJKHOCTH
Bcer.n:a coxpaHSITh HeihpaJIHTeT. Teneph HeJierKo noBe-
pHTh, 'ITO :no 6hrno HanwcaHo o TiyaHKape!
B noJIHTH'leCKOM HcKyccTBe H TiyaHKape, H BpwaH, H
Tap,n:be CTOSIT Bb1111e, 'leM KJieMaHco, - rroBTopsi10, B
HOpMaJihHoe BpeMSI. B 1918 ro,n:y ero He Mor JaMeHHTh
HHKTO.

c HMM B MOrHJIY yrneJI nocne,n:HHH H3 OCHOBaTeJieH

TpeTheii pecny6JIHKH. Bcsi JKH3Hh ero 6hlna TecHo CBSI3aHa
c pecny6JIHKaHCKHM CTpOeM, c pecny6JIHKaHCKHM o6pa-
30M MbICJIH. Ilo xapaKTepy JKe OH 6h1Jl HaCTOSIIl.(HH CaMO-
,n:epJKeQ, HaBOJl.HBII1HH naHHKy Ha CBOHX .n:py3eH, COTpy,n:-
HHKOB, IlOJl.'IHHeHHblX. B opeone CBOeH BbICllieH CJiaBbl
MaprnaJI <I>orn OCTOpOJKHO H Y'ITHBO 3anpoCHJI ero, KaK OH
npe.n:nonaraeT pa3pernHTh Bonpoc o cppaHKo-repMaHcKoii
rpaHm:~e. 0TBeT KJieMaHco H3BecTeH. ,[J;yMa10, 'ITO HH
JI10,n:oBHK XIV, HH HHKonaii I He OTBeTHJIH 6bl B cxo,n:HoM
cnyqae CBOHM 3acnyJKeHHbIM IlOJIKOBOJl.QaM: «3To He Barne
JJ.eno! TioJIHTHKa Bae He KacaeTcSI!..»
<I>orn, 'leJIOBeK He3aBHCHMbIH H ropJ].bIH, c 6oJibII1HM
TPYJJ.OM nepeHOCHJI BJiaCTh KneMaHco; KaJKeTCSI, J].aJKe c
TPYJJ.OM OTJJ.aBaJI eMy JJ.OJIJKHoe. «3TOT 'leJioBeK, - cKa3aJI
OH, - CMeCb BHKTOpa r10ro c Po6ecnhepoM». SIK06HH- c
QaMH KneMaHco cpaBHHBaJIH qacTo. OH, OJJ.HaKo, 6bIJI
KpynHee caMbIX 3HaMeHHTbIX SIK06HHQeB.
B 'laCTHhIX 6ece)l.ax caM OH, aBTOp BceM H3BeCTHOH cppa-
3hI 0 «6JIOKe», He CKpbIBaJI, 'ITO C'IHTaeT rJiaBHbIX J].eSITeneii
1793-1794 rQ)l.OB JIIOJ].bMH Jl.OBOJibHO He3Ha'IHTeJibHbIMH.
Jlyw MaJJ.JieH, KoHcepBaTHBHhIH HCTOpHK <I>paHQY3CKoii
peBOJIIOQHH, TaK 3aKaH'IHBaeT CBOe OilHCaHHe Ka3HH )Kop-
)l(a ,[J;aHTOHa:
«II mourut ayant en apparence donne une mesure
enorme, sans savoir cependant peut-etre sa vraie mesure.
Mais un jour, au milieu de grandes fautes et d'aucuns
disent de grands crimes, ii avait sauve la France. Dans le
silence consterne de ce peuple, ii y avait, ce soir-la, l'ex-
pression muette d'une legitime gratitude ... »·
Ma.n:neH - 6necTsimwii nwcaTeJib, H 3Ta ero cTpaHHQa
3aMe'laTeJibHa He TOJibKO B CTHJIHCTH'leCKOM OTHOllieHHH.
He 6yJ].eM, KOHe'IHO, OCTaHaBJIHBaTbCSI Ha <<HeMOM Bbipa-

• «OH yMep, OCTaBallCb orpOMHblM, XOTll caM He 3HaJI ceoeii Mepbl. B ceoii
'lac, Ha.D;eJiaB MHOllCCCTBO own601C, a B03MOllCHO H IlpeCTYWlCHHii, OH cnac <l>paH!:nno.
B DOTpllCCHHOM MOJI'lal!HH Hapo.D;a B TOT Be'lep 6blJIO HCMOC BblpallCCHHe 331COHHOH
6naro.D;apHOCTH» (flip.).

422
JKemrn: 3aKOHHOH 6naro~apHOCTH Hapo~a» - y no~HOJKHR
3rnacl>orn .[(aHTOHa!
Tenepb cJioBaMH «cnac po~HHY» CTaJIH HeMHoro 3JIO-
ynoTpe6JIRTb, - cnacaIOT po~HHY OT caMbIX pa3HbIX Be-
meif: OT ynwrnoif MaHHcl>ecTaU.HH, OT ~oporoBH3HbI, OT
6HpiKeBoro Kpaxa. 11 3ory f cnac po~HHy. 11 o HecqacT-
HOM Iiaqa-CaKao, ~OJiiKHO 6bITb, TaK roBOpHJIH act>raHU.bI,
IlOKa ero He IlOBeCHJIH, - BepORTHO, TOJKe no~ HeMoe
Bbipa)l(eHHe Hapo~HOH 6naro~apHOCTH. Ho B OTHOIIIeHHH
KneMaHco 3TH cnoBa coBeprneHHO cnpaBe~JIHBbI.
repMaHCKaR apMH}I 6bIJia 110'1TH y BOpOT IIapH)l(a.
)J,ecRTKH ~HBH3HH, OCB060~HBIIIHeCR 110CJie 6oJibIIIeBHCTC-
KOro nepeBopoTa, 11epe6paCblBaJIHCb c BOCTO'IHOro cl>poH-
Ta Ha 3a11a~HbIH. HecJibIXaHHOe qy~o TexHHKH, B rJiy6oKoif
TaiiHe ocymecTBJieHHOe HeMeU.KHMH apTHJIJiepHCTaMH, co
120-BepcTHOH ~HcTaHU.HH Ha'laJio o6cTpeJI IIapH)l(a.
Ka~blif BblCTpeJI «IiepTbI» Mor o6paTHTb B pa3BaJIHHbI
Notre-Dame, JlyBp, Hau.noHaJibHYIO 6u6JIHOTeKy ... Ka3a-
JIOCb, HeT 11pe~ena MOI.QH, H3o6peTaTeJibHOCTH Bpara. Ka-
3aJIOCb, Bee 6bIJIO KOH'leHo!..
HH BO 'ITO He BepHBIIIHH BOCbMH~eC}ITHJieTHHH CTapHK
Hee Ha ce6e B Te ~HH He'leJIOBe'leCKOe 6peMR 6opb6bI H
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. O~HH ~aBaJIH eMy coBeTbI, - 6oJibIIIe
110 peu.e11Ty MOJibepoBcKaro Bpaqa: «Maladus dut-il cre-
vare» ••. )J,pyrwe, «He npueMJIIOI.QHe HaCHJIHR», rpOMHJIH ero
3a TO, 'ITO OH «HapyrnaJI 3aKOHbl H npaBa qeJIOBeKa».
Hapyrnan 3aKOHbI, 11paBa 'leJioBeKa - B 1918 ro~y!. .
.[(Ba~u.aTb MHJIJIHOHOB COJI~aT pe3aJIH, paccTpeJIHBaJIH,
)l(rJIH ~pyr ~pyra. CoTHH MHJIJIHOHOB JIIO~eii, )l(HBYI.QHX no
O~HY CTOpOHY rpaHHU.bI, 3JI06HO YJIH'laJIH BO JI)l(H, B HH30-
CTH, BO BCeB03MO)l(HbIX 11pecTynJieHJl}IX COTHH MHJIJIHOHOB
JIIO~eif, )l(HBYI.QHX 110 ee ~pyry10 CTOpoHy. Ilo BCeM YMCT-
BeHHbIM u.eHHOCT}IM 6blJI o6'bRBJieH MopaTopuii. EBpona H
MOpaJibHO 6blJia 11ymeHa no MHpy. 3aKOHbl, 11paBa qeJIOBe-
Ka 6bIJIH He B 6oJibIIIOM 11o'leTe. BepoRTHO, KJieMaHco
COBeprnaJI TR)l(KHe OIIIH6KH; HOH TO CKa3aTb, He JierKO 6bIJIO
yro~HTb B TY nopy He npueMJIIOI.QHM HaCHJIHj{ JIIO~RM.
KJieMaHco «11pHHHMaJI>> H ~OM yMaJiurneHHbIX, HO 1103BO-
JIRJI ce6e pOCKOIIIb C'IHTaTb ero ~OMOM yMaJIHIIIeHHbIX -
co BCeMH npaKTH'leCKHMH BblBO~aMH H3 TaKoro 110HHMaHH}I
a110KaJIHl1TH'lecKHX co6bITHH BOHHbI.
51 6blJI B 11aJiaTe ~e11yTaTOB, Kor~a 'leCTBOBaJIH ero
• 3ory AxMeT (1895-1961) - npe3H.!ICHT, no3nuee Kopon& An6anHH. YCTa-
uosHJJ BOCHHYIO .!IHKTaTypy. - llpUM. peiJ.
" «liOJlbHOH .!IOJllKCH YMCpeTb» {rfjp.).

423
 naMHTh. 0.z:i;Ha H3 cppam~y3eKnx ra3eT sepHo nneaJia 06
'.HOM 3aee.z:i;aHHH: «TenJIOTa qeeTBOBaHHH HanOMHHaJia Ten-
JIO u,eHTpaJihHOro OTOnJieHHH: orHH He 6bIJIO» ...
KJieMaHeo rosopnJI esoeMy eeKpeTap1-0 MapTe, qTo
npnqnHOH npoBaJia ero KaH)J;H)J;aTypbI Ha npe3H)J;eHTeKHX
BbI6opax 1920 ro.n:a 6hIJia JIHqHaH HeHaBHeTh, KOTopyI-O OH
B036y)l(.z:i;aJI B napJiaMeHTe. «BnpoqeM, - .z:i;o6aBHJI OH, -
H Bee paBHO He oeTaJieH 6hI npe3H)J;eHTOM peeny6JIHKH
6oJihllle Tpex MeeHIJ,eB: y)I( eeJIH 6hI H H eorJiaenJieH 3a-
HHTbeH 3THM peMeeJIOM, TO HHKaK He )J;JIH Toro, qTo6hI
OTKpb!BaTb BbieTaBKH no ea.z:i;oso.z:i;eTBy».
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.z:i;eJI H Bbipa)l(aJIH eo6oJie3HOBaHHe cppanu,y3eKOMY npaBHTe-
JibeTBy. EpnaH no)l(HMaJI PYKY noeJiaM n 6Jiaro.z:i;apHJI.
BepoHTHO, H noeJibI, H MHHHeTp qyBeTBOBaJIH HeKOTOPYJ-0
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noJIHTnqeeKHX OTHOIIIeHHHX, KOTOpb1e eBH3hIBaJIH KJieManeo
e EpnaHOM. ra3eTbl PH.rt:OM e HeKpOJIOraMH eoo6maJIH
noJIHTnqeeKHe HOBOeTH. lfro B eaMOM .z:i;eJie nponeXO.z:i;HJIO B
Mnpe B .n:enh noeJie,n:Hero 3eMnoro rneCTBIUI KJieManeo? B
Jlon.n:one - B eOTbIH pa3 npeHHH 0 60JibllleBHKax, KaK
HapoqHo, nopa3HTeJibHhie no y6o)l(eeTBY. B EepJIHHe- .z:i;eJio
CKJIHpeKoB, rny6a )l(eHhI 61-0prepMeifCTepa Eecca. «Bc1-0.n:y
MpaK H eoH .[(OKyqnoH: ... )l{HJHH MbllllbH 6eroTirn ... »
KJieMaHco, BepoHTHo, .n:oeTawwa 6h1 y.z:i;oBJieTBopeHne
3Ta nyIIIKHHCKaH CTpoqKa ( eCJIH 6hI ee CTpaIIIHYI-0 3BYKO-
BYI-O enJiy MO)l(HO 6bmo nepe.z:i;aTb qipanu,yJeKHMH eJioBa-
MH). On eaM KaK-TO eKa3aJI, qTo noJinTnqecKne .z:i;eHTeJin
HanOMHHaI-OT eMy JII-O)J;eH, KOTOpbie, BIJ,enHBIIIHeb B BepeB-
KY 6JIOKa, H30 Beex CHJI TamaT BBepx - MepTBYI-0 Myxy.
TaKoif B3rJIH)J; ne noMeIIIaJI eMy noeBHTHTh noJIHTnqe-
eKoMy .z:i;eHCTBHI-0 noqTH eeMh)J;eeHT JieT )l(H3HH.
JlbCTeU,bl B nopy anocpeo3a rOBOpHJIH, qTo OH CBOHM
npnMepoM «oeHoBaJI HOBYI-O peJIHrHI-O». Onn xoTeJIH B03-
.z:i;aTb KeeapeBo Keeap1-0 H DO)l(he - TO)l(e Keeap1-0. HeT,
HHKaKOH peJIHrHH OH He OeHOBaJI. Ho qeJIOBeK OH 6bIJI
He06bIKHOBeHHbIH, H BO <l>paHIJ,HH eTaJIO eKyqnee c ero
yxo.z:i;oM. 3JieHIIIHH Bpar (Kaifo) Ha3BaJI ero «cBepxqeJioBe-
KOM» . .LJ:pyroif Bpar (Jleon nJII-OM) nneaJI B neKpoJiore:
«Ero HeHaBH)J;eJIH. 51 He 3HaI-O, JII-06HJIH JIM ero, - Bep1-0,
o.z:i;naKO, qTo JII-06HJIH. y Hero 6hIJIH )l(epTBbl, y Hero 6hIJIH
CJiyrn. Ho H TeM H .z:i;pyrHM OH Ka3aJICH HBJieHtteM HC-
KJIJ-OqJ.fTeJibHbIM H HenOHHTHbIM».

424
 lipuau

I.
0 ,n:HH H3 yMHeih1rnx noJIHTHqecKHX .n;eRTeJieli <llpaHI.\HH
ro.n:a .n:sa TOMY HaJa.n; CKa3aJI B qacTHOH 6ece.n:e: «Briand
est un homme fini. C'est un grand homme a
Geneve, mais
a
pas Paris» •. Oco6eHHO BMeHRJiaCb B BHHY 6bIBIIIeMy rJiaBe
npaBHTeJibCTBa 6ecnOMOIQHOCTh, RK06hI HM o6Hapy:>KeH-
HaR B nopy OCTporo qmHaHCOBOro KpH3HCa 1926 ro.n:a. B
3TH TR:>KeJihie ,n:HH EpHaH nooqepe.n;Ho npHrJialllaJI Ha .n;oJI:>K-
HOCTh MHHHCTpa qmHaHCOB caMbIX pa3JIHqHbIX IIOJIHTHqec-
KHX .n;eRTeJieH, yllleJI 6hIJIO caM B OTCTaBKy, TOTqac BepHyJI-
CR H COCTaBHJI HOBOe MHHHCTepCTBO. Kor.n:a 3TOT, no cqeTy
.n;eCRTbIH, Ka6HHeT lipHaHa RBHJICR Ha CMeHy ero .n;eBRTOMY
Ka6HHeTy, Tap.n;be, npH o6IQeM cMexe naJiaThI, no3.n;paBHJI
npe.n:ce.n;aTeJIR COBeTa MHHHCTpOB: «Bbl o6Hapy:>KHJIH 60Jib-
IIIOe My:>KeCTBO, 60.n:po npHHRB TO TR:>KeJioe HaCJie)l;CTBO,
KOTOpoe BaM OCTaBHJI Balli npe.n;llleCTBeHHHK ••. »
CTporHH noJIHTHqecKHH .n;eRTeJih, necoMHeHHO, oqeHh
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IIIHM rocy.n:apCTBeHHbIM JIIO)l;RM - .n;eJIO pHCKOBaHHOe
(npaB.n;a, pHCK CMRrqaeTCR TeM, qTo HHKTO 3THX noxopOH
He II0)\1HHT).

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ero IIOJilffHqecKOH :>KH3HH MO:>KHO rOBOpHTb c IIOJIHOH
OTKpOBeHHOCThIO: OH, KOHeqHo, O)l;HH 113 caMbIX BhI)l;alO-
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EBpOIIbl.
ApHCTH.n; EpHaH po.n;HJICR B 1862 ro.n:y B HaHTe, yqHJICR
cHaqaJia B CeH-Ha3epcKoM KOJIJie:>Ke, KOTOphIH Teneph
Ha3hIBaeTCR ero HMeHeM, IIOTOM B JIHQee, HOCRIQeM HbIHe
HMR )l(op:>Ka KJieMaHco. Ha cnoco6Horo MaJihqHKa 06-
paTHJI BHHMaHHe ero JeMJIRK )1(10Jih BepH. 3To o6cToR-

' «lipHaH - 3TO KOH'leHblH '!enOBCK. OH BenHK B )l(eHeBe, HO He B IlapHllCe»

(fjjp.).

427
 TeJihCTBO HacToiiqnso OTMeqaioT see nmuymne o EpnaHe,
xon1 H TPYAHO noHSITh, B qeM, co6cTBeHHO, Bhipa3HJIOCh
BJIHSIHHe Ha Hero )1{10JIS1 BepHa. PaJBe B TOM, qTo B
.I.(eTCTBe EpHaH xol'eJI CTaTh MOpSIKOM. rn6eJih B Mope
O.I.(HOfO H3 ero pOAHhIX, JIOU.MaHa, TIOJIO)KHJia KOHeu. 3THM
MeqTaHHSIM.
Ilpe.I.(OCTaBJISISI 6oJiee OT.I.(aJieHHOMY 6norpa<J>y HCTO-
pMIO MOJIO.I.(OCTM EpMaHa, CKa)Ky TOJihKO, qTo npouma OHa
B qpe3Bh1qaiiHoii 6eAHOCTM. EyAymeMy JII06MMU.Y CYAh6hl
B.I.(06aBOK He Be3JIO B HaqaJie )KMJHM. IlycToe TIOXO)K.I.(eHMe,
KOTopoe He JaKJiioqaJio B ce6e HMqero AYPHoro M MorJio
CJiyqMThCSI c JII06hIM .I.(BaAu.aTHJieTHMM MaJihqMKOM, oqeHh
eMy nospeAMJio. Ilo-BMAMMOMy, OH 03JI06MJICSI - qepTa,
coseprneHHO He xapaKTepnaSI AJISI EpMaHa. ·
IloTOM IlapM)K, IOPMAMqecKMH <j>aKyJihTeT, KJiaccMqec-
KHe TPM roAa B JlaTMHCKOM KBapTaJie, 06h1qHo HaJhrnae-
Mh1e JiyqrnMMM B )KMJHM. EABa JIM OHM AOCTaBMJIM EpMaHy
MHOfO paAOCTM. )l{MJHh ero CKJia.I.(hIBaJiaCh TIJIOXO, a «Be-
ceJIOCTh, HaJIMqHaSI MOHeTa cqacThSI», ne 6hma eMy csoif-
CTBeHHa M B MOJIO.I.(hle fO.I.(hl. 3apa6aThIBaJI OH XJie6 CJiy)K-
6oif B KaKOH-TO KOHTOpe, CTpoqMJI 6yMary Ja 6yMaroif:
«En main votre lettre de ce jour» ... <<Vous accusant recep-
tion de votre honoree»* ... EpMaH M Teneph MHOrAa c
neqaJihHOH ycMellIKOH HanpaBJISleT B :ny KOHTopy JIIO.I.(eH,
)KeJiaIOmMx noJiyq1nh ero aBTorpa<J>. «TaM, AOJI)KHO 6hITh,
oqeHh MHOfO MOHX aBTOrpa<j>oB» ...
He JHaIO, ycepAHO JIM XOAMJI EpMaH Ha JieKI.J.MM. 3aTo
OH nocTOSIHHO nocemaJI co6paHMSI Apyroro poAa. OH 6hIJI
6JIM30K K JIMTepaTypHOH rpynne «rHAP.OTiaTOB» M K TOMY
Kpy)l(Ky, KOTOphIH ocHOBaJI Chat noir • (CaJIMc, EpioaH M
Ap.). )J;pyroM EpMaHa 6hIJI XYAO)KHMK AHApe )l{MJIJih, -
TBopqecTBO 3T0f0 XYAO)KHMKa noqTM Ja6hITO, HO Ka6aqoK,
o6SI3aHHhIH eMy CBOMM HeJieTihIM MMeHeM («Lapin agile»:
La peint A. Gill***), aMepMKaHU.hI M Teneph TaK )Ke aKKypa-
THo nocemaIOT HOqhIO, KaK .I.(HeM 3if<j>eJieBy 6arnHIO M
)J;sopeu. 11HBaJIMAOB. CsepcTHMKaMM EpMaHa 6hIJIM MMp-
60, )l{e<j><j>pya, rioMCMaHC. rioMCMaHcy, Ha CMepTHOM
0.I.(pe TIMCaTeJISI, OH .I.(aJI Op.I.(eH IloqeTHOfO JlerMOHa, -
.I.(OBOJihHO neO)KM.I.(aHHOe JaBeprneHMe )KM3HM ).(JI.SI aBTOpa

' «03HaKOMHBWHCb c BaWHM ceroAHllWHHM DHCbMOM>> ••• «Hanpaem1eM BaM

yee,llOMJICHHe 0 DOJl)"ICHHH Bawero DHCbMa>> ••• (,Pp.)
" llepHblii KOT ( (Jp.).
" ' Hrpa CJJOB. Ilo-tf>paHUY3CKH «lapin agile» 03Ha'laeT <<JIOBKHii KpOJIHK)>, HO s
.11aHHOM CJJy'lae nOCJJe .llBOCTO'IHJI B OMOHHMH'IHOM sapHaHTC OHO 03Ha'laeT «3.llecb
pecyeT A. )l(wmb». - llpUM. peiJ.

428
«La-bas» H «A rebours» •. Ho rnaBHbie CB.SI3H H 3HaKoMcT-
Ba EpHaHa 6bIJIH, ecTeCTBeHHO, He B JIHTepaTypHo-ap-
THCTHtJecKoii cpe.n;e.

B ITOJIHTHKY OH BOIIIeJI B Tpy.n;Hoe H 6e30Tpa.n;Hoe

BpeM.si. Ka3anocb 6b1, c BHeIIIHeii cTopoHbI oHo 6b1JI0
MeHee Tpy.n;Ho H MeHee 6e3oTpa.n;Ho, tJeM Hallie. Ha ca-
MOM .n;ene :no He TaK. BeKOBa.SI HeHaBHCTb HeHMYIII;HX K
6oraTbIM IlO)J;'IHH.SieTC.SI HenOH.SITHbIM 3aKOHaM. 0Ha 3HaeT
rnyxHe nepHO)J;bl, 3HaeT H BpeMeHa HeITOCTHJKHMOro 060-
CTpeHH.SI. 0T'lero .n;eB.SIHOCTbie rO)J;bl BO <l>paHI..(HH 6bIJIH
nopmo )l(ryqero 03JI06JieHH.SI HH30B? Oco6b1x 3BepcTB
«6yp)l(ya3H.SI» B TY nopy He COBepIIIaJia. He 6bmo HH
«HMnepHaJIHCTH'leCKOH 6oHHH», HH «rpa6HTeJibCKHX aBaH-
nop», HH «KpoBaBbIX pacnpaB c nponeTapHaTOM». Ka3e-
pHo TaK H He Mor CKOJibKO-HH6y.n;b CB.Sl3HO o6'b.SICHHTb,
notJeMy HMeHHO OH 3aKOJIOJI npe3H.n;eHTa KapHo; OH,
BnpotieM, nepBoHatJaJibHO npe.n;nonaran y6HTb pHMCKoro
nany HJIH KOpOJI.SI 11TaJIHH, - 3TO 6bIJI 3KJieKTHK y6HHCT-
Ba. TotIHO TaK )Ke .n;pyroii aHapxHcT, BaJib.SIH, 6pocHBIIIHH
6oM6y B naJiaTe .n;enyTaTOB, HH'lero, KpOMe HeHaBHCTH K
KanHTaJIHCTaM, He Mor npHBeCTH B onpaB.n;aHHe CBOero
nocTynKa. 3MHJib AHpH, qenoBeK HeJayp.si.n;HbIX .n;apoBa-
HHii H HCKmotJHTeJibHoro My)l(ecTBa, B30pBan Cafe Termi-
nus e.n;HHCTBeHHO no TOH npHtIHHe, 'ITO B 3TOH Ko<PeiiHe
MO)l(HO 6bIJIO y6HTb cpa3y MHoro 6oraTbIX mo.n;eii. OH TaK
H 060.si:CH.SIJI Ha cy.n;e: «Plus ii crevera de bourgeois, mieux
cela vaudra» ...
Xy.n;o)l(HHKH, MbICJI.SIIII;He o6pa3aMH, nbITaJIHCb no.n;-
BeprHyTb npecTynneHH.SI aHapxHCTOB 6onee TOHKOMY H
yrny6neHHOMY Hccne.n;oBaHHIO. XopoIIIero H3 3Toro BbI-
IIIJIO HeMHoro. TaK, 3on.si B CBoeM poMirne «IIapH)I(» HapH-
coBaJI o6pa3 «CBeTJIOrO H.n;eaJIHCTa» rHJibOMa <l>pOMaHa.
3TOT aHapXHCT-ytJeHbIH 3a.n;aJIC.SI l(eJiblO B30pBaTb BeCb
xonM Sacre-Creur H noxopoHHTb no.n; pa3BaJIHHaMH l(epK-
BH cpa3y .n;eC.SITb TbIC.SI'I qeJioBeK. llHTaTeJIH, Bepo.SITHO,
ITOMH.SIT, KaK 6paT aHapXHCTa, rJiaBHbIH repoii poMaHa,
ITbep <l>poMaH npo6paJIC.SI 3a rHJibOMOM B IlO)J;3eMeJibe
no.n; l(epKOBbIO H nocne .n;onroro cnopa, 3aHHMa10rnero B
KHHre, Ka)l(eTC.SI, He MeHee )J;eC.SITH CTpaHHI..(, y6e)J;HJI rHJibO-
Ma OTKa3aTbC.SI OT 3TOro 3aMe'laTeJibHOro ITJiaHa: l(epKOBb
OCTaJiaCb l(eJIOH, o6a 6para BhIIIIJIM 113 JIO)J;3eMeJih.SI H

' «TaM» H «Hao6opow ((Jp.) .

.. «lfeM 6om.we C,ll,OXHCT 6ypll(yee, TCM JlY'fWC» ((Jp.}.

429
 noIIIJIH ,LJ;OMoii o6e,LJ;aTh. Co6cTBeHHO, cnop Hx Hy:lKeH 6hrn
aBTopy ,LJ;JIH Toro, qTo6hI «HpKO OCBeTHTh BHyTpeHHHH
MHp aHapxHCTa». Ho - YBhil - CBeTJihIH H,LJ;eaJIHCT r1111b-
OM <l>poMaH B 3all(HTY CBoero 3aMhICJia HeCeT B IlO,LJ;3eMe-
Jibe TaKyIO epyH.LJ:Y, qTo npH qTeHHH CTaHOBHTCH 3a Hero
HeJIOBKO. I-fa IlOilhITKH OCMhICJIHTh aHapx11qecKHe noxyIIIe-
HHH npH IlOMOII.(H xy,LJ;o:lKeCTBeHHhIX o6pa30B He BhIIIIJIO
HJlqero, KpOMe HeJienoii H CMeIIIHOH CQeHhI, oqeHh nop-
THII.(eii poMaH 30JIH. no cymecTBy, K CJIOBaM 3MHJIH AHpH
HHqero HeJib3H 6bIJIO npH6aBHTh.
)l{ryqaH, OCTpaH HeHaBHCTh HH30B K cymecTBYIOII.(eMy
cTpo10, cKa3aBIIIaHcH B cTpaIIIHhIX ,LJ;e11ax PaBaIIIOJIH, 3MH-
JIH AHpH, Ka3epHo, oco6eHHO xapaKTepHa ,LJ;JIH TOH 3nox11,
KOr,LJ;a ApMCTM.LJ: lipHaH HaqHHaJI CBOIO no1111T11qecxy10 ,LJ;eH-
TeJihHOCTh. Ero caMoro BparM qacTo OTHOCMJIH K aHap-
XHCTaM. B ,LJ;eHCTBHTeJihHOCTH aHapXHCTOM OH He 6hIJI H
TeppopHCTHqecKHX aKTOB, Ka:lKeTCH, HHKOr,LJ;a He 3am11ma11.
lf31110611eHHOH MhICJihlO bpHaHa B TeqeHHe ,LJ;eCHTKa JieT
6b111a Bceo6maH 3a6acTOBKa pa6oq11x. 3rn «peBOJIIOQHH
CJIO:lKeHHhIX pyx» ,LJ;OJI)f(Ha 6hIJia, no ero MHeHHIO, nOBJieqb
3a co6oH no11ny10 no6e.LJ:y npo11ernp11arn HM 6yp:lKya3HeH
H nepexo,LJ; K COQHamlCTJlqecKOMY CTpOIO. Pa3BHBaJI OH 3TY
MhICJih, nopo10 B oqenh pe3KOH <PopMe, Ha MHTHHrax, B
pa6oqHx KPY:lKKax, Ha CTpaHMQax peBOJIIOQHOHHhIX ra3eT.
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MHe, qTo caMoe CHJihHoe BneqaT11e1me, xor,LJ;a-111160 B :lKH3-
HH HM BbIHeceHHOe OT opaTopcxoro HCKYCCTBa, OH HC-
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6appHKa,LJ;, HO e,LJ;Ba JIH H TOr,LJ;a 6appHKa,LJ;hl Ka3aJIHCh eMy
cephe3HhIM ,LJ;eJioM. IloMHHTCH, Mapxc coBeToBaJI peBOJIIO-
QHOHepaM O,lJ;HHaKOBO H36eraTh .LJ:BYX OIIIH6ox: c Tp116yHhl

430
napnaMeHTa He rpo3HTh 6appHKa.LJ.aMH, a Ha 6appHKa,ll.ax
He BeCTH cefo1 napnaMeHTapHo. Ta X<e npaKTw-1ecKasi CKJia.LJ.-
Ka yMa Ha6JIIO.LJ.aeTcsi H y MOJIO,ll.oro EpHaHa. CBoIO peBo-
JIIOQHIO cnoX<eHHhIX pyK H OH cqHTan .LJ.enoM BnonHe ocy-
IQeCTBHMhIM. He.LJ.aBHHH aHrJIHHCKHH onhIT, pyccKHH onhIT
1905 ro.LJ.a noKa3hIBaIOT, qTo He O.LJ.HH EpHaH TaK .LJ.yMan.

II.
IlepBoe «OTBeTCTBeHHoe» BhlCTynneHHe EpHaHa npo-
H30IIIno Ha <}lpaHQY3CKOM COQHaJIHCTHqecKOM KOHrpecce
1892 ro.LJ.a B Mapcene. KoHrpecc 3TOT HHqeM oco6eHHhIM
He BbI,ll.aBaJICSI, HO OH npHBJieK BCe06IQee BHHMaHHe 6naro-
,ll.ap51 TOMy, qTo B qHcne HHOCTpaHHbIX rocTeH 3HaqHJICSI
caM BHJihrenhM JlH6KHexT, B TY nopy QapHBIIIHH B MeX<-
.LJ.yHapo.LJ.HOM COQHaJIHCTHqecKOM MHpe. 3TOT xopOIIIHH,
qecTHhIH, HCKpeHHHH qenoBeK He XBaTaJI 3Be3,ll. c He6a.
JlH6KHexT 6b1n siBHOH OIIIH6Koii cy.LJ.h6b1 (KaK y Hae, HanpH-
Mep, 11. A. KponoTKHH). ChlH noqTeHHoro recceHcKoro
qHHOBHHKa, OH no xapaKTepy H npH3BaHHIO ,ll.OJIX<eH 6hIJI
6hl CTaTh CTaTHCTHKOM, 6H6JIHOTeKapeM HJIH yqHTeJieM
rHMHa3HH, HO CTaJI «BOX<,ll.eM peBOJIIOQHOHHOro nponeTa-
pHaTa». BnpoqeM, B MOJIO.LJ.OCTH OH 3aHHMancsi npeno.LJ.a-
BaHHeM, H IIIKOJibHHKH o6oX<aJIH ero TaK X<e, KaK BllOCJie,ll.-
CTBHH COQHaJI-,ll.eMOKpaThl. qaChl, CB060.LJ.Hhle OT napTHH-
HOH pa6oThI, JlH6KHexT c mo6oBhIO nocesiIQaJI .LJ.pyroMy
,ll.eny: COCTaBJISIJI CJIOBapb HHOCTpaHHhIX CJIOB, BOIIIe,ll.IIIHX
B HeMeQKHH 513hIK, «mit verstandlicher Erklarung und
genauer Angabe der Aussprache und Betonung» •. TaKHX
cnoB OH co6pan TpH.LJ.QaTh ThlC5fq - X<H3Hh ero He npona-
na ,ll.apoM! ToJibKO B repMaHHH rnaBOH peBOJIIOQHOHHOro
.ll.BHX<eHH51 Mor 6bITh aBTop Fremdworterbuch'a mit
genauer Angabe der Aussprache. B napTHH, Ha 6e3JIIO.LJ.he
Toro BpeMeHH, JlH6KHeXT cqHTaJIC51 BhI,ll.aIOIQHMC51 Teope-
THKOM H BCeMy Ha CBeTe MOr ,ll.aTh «.LJ.OCTynHoe o6'bSICHe-
HHe». OH 6h1n TaKX<e 3aMeqaTeJihHhIH JIHTepaTop H HanH-
can HeCKOJihKO coqHHeHHH, OTJIHqaIOIQHXCSI, IlOMHMO rny-
6HHhl MhICJIH, 3aTeHJIHBOH MeTKOCThlO 3arnaBHSI: «Wissen
ist Macht - Macht ist Wissen», «Zu Trutz und Schutz»,
«Soll Europa kosakisch werden?» ... 3TH KHHrn qHTano

• «C .!IOCTynHblM o6'bllCHCHHCM H TO'IHblM yKa3aHHCM npOH3110WCHHJI H y.1:1ape-

llHll». - flep. aBm.
" «3naane - cHJJa. Cn11a - 3HaHHe», «,ll.11J1 11aCTyn11enHJ1 H 06opoa&1»,
«)J.OlllKHa JIH Espona CTalb Ka3al.IKOH?» (11eM.)

431
 TpH IIOKOJieHHR HeMeIJ,KHX pa60 1mx, BOCXHID:aRCb TeM, KaK
JIOBKO rrmueT cTapHK. BAo6aBoK «der Alte»·, KaK ero
mo60BHO Ha3bIBaJIH B rrapTHH, rrpOHCXO.[(HJI no >KeHCKOH
JIHHHH OT Jl10Tepa H .[(a>Ke Ha3bIBaJICR B 'leCTb rrpe.[(Ka
poAOBbIM HMeHeM MapTHH (rronHoe ero HMR 6bIJIO Map-
THH-BHJihrenbM-<l>HnHrrrr-XpHCTHaH-JllOABHr). 3TO rrpo-
HCXO>K.[(eHHe TO>Ke HeMaJIO crroco6cTBOBaJIO ero rrpeCTH>KY
B Ilpyccnn: MapKc MapKcoM, a Jl10Tep Jl10TepoM.
HeMeIJ,KHe cou,nan-AeMoKpaTbI B TY rropy 3a.[(aBaJIH
TOH COIJ,HaJIHCTH'leCKOMY .[(BH>KeHHlO BO BCeM MHpe: Ha
BbI6opax 1890 ro.[(a 3a HHX 6bIJIO IIO.[(aHO MHJIJIHOH TpHCTa
.[(Ba.[(IJ,aTb TpH TbICR'IH roJIOCOB. Ilo3TOMY rrpHe3.[( Jln6-
KHexTa Ha MapceJibCKHH KOHrpecc CTaJI 6oJiblllHM co6bITH-
eM He TOJibKO cpeAH cou,nanHCTOB. l1HTepBb10epb1 rra-
pH>KCKHX ra3eT TaK H oca>K.[(aJIH HHOCTpaHHYlO 3HaMeHH-
TOCTb. Jln6KHexT, 'lenoBeK A06peifIIIeif AYIIIH, cTapancR
HHKOro ne o6H.[(eTb, He HCKJilO'laR JKypHaJIHCTOB 610prepc-
KOH rre'laTH. <l>paHu,y3CKHe 610prepb1 rrepBbIM .[(enoM crrpa-
IIIHBaJIH, B03MO>KHa JIH HOBaR BOHHa MeJKAY <l>paHIJ,Heif H
repMaHHeif, JlH6KHeXT o6eman, 'ITO HOBOH BOHHbl He
6yAeT, n6o ee He xo'leT AaJKe Kaif3ep; HO ecnH 6b1 Kaif3ep
3axoTeJI HarraCTb Ha <l>paHIJ,MlO, TO BCR repMaHCKaR co-
IJ,HaJI-.[(eMOKpaTHR, KaK 0.[(MH 'leJIOBeK, BCTaJia 6bI Ha 3a-
In:MTY <f>paHIJ,Y30B ... «51 caM TOr.[(a B03bMY PYJKbe M rroif-
AY JamnmaTb <f>pa11u,yJcKy10 3eMn10, cTpaHy peBon10-
IJ,HOHHoif H.[(eH>>, - 3aRBHJI, BOOAyIIIeBMBIIIMCb, CTapMK
(«Temps», 29 ceHTR6pR 1892 roAa). B10prepb1 m rrapMJKC-
KMX ra3eT 6hIJIM o'leHb AOBOJibHb1: IIIYTKa JIM cKa3aTb,
IlOJIY'IHTb Ha 3aID:MTY <l>paHIJ,HH MHJIJIHOH TpMCTa .[(Ba.[(-
IJ,aTb TpH TbICR'IH oT6opHbIX HeMeIJ,KHX con.[(aT! Brrpo'leM,
COTPYAHHK «Gaulois», BHAHMO KpaifHe Tpe6oBaTeJibHhIH
qenoBeK, 3TMM o6emaHHeM He YAOBJieTBopMJICR M cTaJI
.[(OilbITbIBaTbCR y MOCbe «Jlne6KHeIIITa», HeJib3R JIM 3ao.[(-
HO IIOJIY'IHTb o6paTHO MMpHbIM rryTeM 3Jih3ac-JloTapHH-
rHlO. BepHyTh <l>paHIJ,HM OTToprHyTbie 3eMJIH cTapHK He
C'leJI B03MOJKHbIM, 0.[(HaKO OH He o6H.[(eJI H 3TOro 610p-
repa: o6eman B cnyqae rrpMXOAa cou,MaJI-AeMoKpaTHM K
BJiaCTH OT.[(aTb 3Jih3ac-JloTapHHrHlO lllBeifu,apHM: TaK HH
Cf>paHIJ,MH, HH repMaHMH He 6y.[(eT 06M.[(HO.
51 HaIIOMHHalO 06 3TOM .[(aBHO BCeMH 3a6bITOM 3IIH30-
0
«CTapHK» (HeM ).
.. 3To HanoMHHae1 MHe CTOJlb lKC 3aMC'laTCJlbHOe npopO'ICCTBO 0 esponeiiCKOii
BOiiHe Cl>p. 3HreJJ&Ca, KOTOpblii nHCaJJ 3opre: «EcJJH 6bl AOWJIO AO BOHHbl, TO
MOlKHO c no11nou ysepeHHOCmblO CKa3aTb, '!TO nocne uecKOJlbKHX 6HTB PoCCHll
COHACTCll c flpyccueil HaC'leT ABCTPHH H cJ>paHUHH, - KalKAal! nolKepTByeT COI03-
HHKOM».

432
 .n.e .lJ.JUI BbUICHemrn Toro <}laKTa, 'ITO CJIOBa Ha KOHrpecce
Boo6me CTOHJIH He O'leHb .n.oporo. Ilo3TOMY He Ha.n.o
IlOHHMaTh 6yKBaJlhHO H Bee TO, 'ITO roBOpHJI Ha HeM
lipHaH. BhlcTynHn OH, ecTeCTBeHHO, c pe'lbIO B JaI.QHTY
Bceo6me:H 3a6acTOBKH. Ero nponoBe.LJ.b He HMena ycnexa H
B COQHaJIHCTH'leCKHX Kpyrax. 0 .n.pyrHx, KOHe'IHO, rOBO-
pHTb He npHXO.lJ.HTCSI. ra3eTa «Temps» (23 CeHrn6psi:
1892 ro.n.a) nocBSITHJia HeCKOJlhKO YHH'ITO)l(aIOIQHX cTpoK
3THM «monstrueuses divagations» • cBoero 6y.n.ymero n10-
6HMQa. <l>aMHJIHIO lipHaHa ra3eTa, KCTaTH CKa3aTb, IlHCa-
na HenpaBHJlhHo: c «t» Ha KOHQe, - nyqrnee .n.oKa3aTeJib-
cTBO ero Mano:H H3BeCTHOCTH B TY nopy.
Ilocne MapcenbcKoro KOHrpecca OH noHeMHory cTan
npHo6peTaTh H3BeCTHOCTh. BhlcTynan OH H B cy.n.e no'ITH
HCKJIIO'IHTeJlbHO B IlOJIHTH'leCKHX npoQeccax (Il03.LJ.Hee OH
6hIJI, KaK H3BeCTHO, 3aIQHTHHKOM rycTaBa 3pBe IlO .n.eny
06 aHTHMHJIHTapHCTCKOH nponaraH.n.e). HeMany10, xoTb
He o'leHh 3aMeTHyIO, ponh OH chlrpan H B narepe .n.pe:H-
<}lycapoB. B oKrn6pe 1898 ro.n.a B caMhlH pa3rap .n.ena
JJ:peH:<}lyca, Kor.n.a, Ka3anocb, onacHOCTh rpo3HJia pecny6-
JIHKaHcKoMy CTpOIO, lipHaH 6hlJI H36paH COQHaJIHCTH'leC-
KHMH opraHH3aQHSIMH B TaK Ha3blBaeMblH «Comite perma-
nent de vigilance» ... B COCTaB 3TOro KOMMTeTa, KOTOpblH
.ll.OJl)l(eH 6hIJI OTCTaHBaTb HHTepeCbl nponeTapHaTa B TO
TPY.D.Hoe speMsi:, BXO.LJ.HJIH TaK)l(e MHnhepaH H BHBHaHH.
qepe3 nonro.n.a nocne OCHOBaHHSI Ha3BaHHoro KOMHTe-
Ta O.D.HH H3 ero 'IJieHoB, MHnhepaH, sornen B KoanHQHOH-
Hoe npaBHTeJibCTBO, o6pa3oBaHHoe Banh.LJ.eKoM-Pycco.
3TOT nocTynoK MHnhepaHa, B caMoM .n.ene He snonHe
OTBe'laBII.IHH KaK 6y,n:To 3a.D.aHHSIM «KOMHTeTa 60.n.pcT-
BOBaHHSI», Bbl3BaJI CHJlbHeH:rnee BOJIHeHHe BO BCex COQHa-
JIHCTH'leCKHX napTHSIX MHpa. YtJaCTHe B 6yp)l(ya3HhIX npa-
BHTeJihCTBax 60JlbllIHHCTBY COQHaJIHCTOB Boo6me npe.n.-
CTaBJISIJIOCb Tor.n.a He.n.onycTHMhIM, a B Ka6HHeT Banh.n.e-
Ka-Pycco B.D.06aBOK BXO.ll.HJI reHepan ranH<}le, ycMHpHTeJlh
KoMMYHhI. Oco6eHHO CTpacTHhIH xapaKTep cnopb1 npHHSI-
JIH Bo <l>paHQHH, r.n.e B TY nopy cymecTBosano nsi:Tb
COQHaJIHCTH'leCKHX opraHH3aQHH; 6blJIH 6naHKHCTbl H re-
.D.HCTbI, anneMaHHCTbl H 6pyccHCThl, 6hma ,Ua)l(e «opraHH-
3aQHSI He3aBHCHMbIX». )J(IOJlb re.n. ynopHO CTOSIJI Ha TOM,
'ITO reHepan ranH<}le He 6y.n.eT XOpOllIO OTCTaHBaTh HH-
TepeCbl nponeTapHaTa. )Kopec, HanpoTHB, .n.oKa3hrnan,
• «l:lyAOBHll.IHble pa3rnarOJibCTBOBaHHll» ((/ip.) .
.. «IlOCTOllHHbli! KOMHTeT no 6AHTeJibHOCTH» («KOMHTCT 60,!tpcTBOBaHHll»)
((/ip.).

433
 qTo HHTepecbI 3TH Haxo)l..SITC.H B Ha)l.e)l(HbIX pyxax M11-
JibepaHa.
,[(JI.H perneHH.H Bonpoca 06 yqacTHH COQHaJIHCTOB B
npaBHTeJibCTBe B )l.eKa6pe 1899 ro)l.a B TiapH)l(e 6bIJI co-
3BaH HOBbIH COQHaJIHCTHqecKHH KOHrpecc. 3TO 6bIJI, Ka-
)l(eTC.H, caMbIH 6ypHbIH 113 Bcex KOHrpeCCOB B HCTOpHH
COQHaJIH3Ma. JJ:ocTaToqHo CKa3aTh, qTo 6hIJI MOMeHT, KOr-
)l.a Jlacpapr 6poCHJIC.H c IlO)l.H.HTOH naJIKOU Ha )l{opeca, II
qTO )Kopec Ha3BaJI re)l.a Oil030peHHbIM qeJIOBeKOM. flO)l.-
p06Hhie OTqeTbl, neqaTaBIIIHeC.H B COQHaJIHCTHqecKOH ra3e-
Te «Petite Republique», OTMeqaroT TO 11 )l.eJio «tapage
infernal», «tumulte indescriptible>>* 11 T.)l.. OHR )l.a)l(e oT-
MeqaroT «CJIOBO KaM6poHHa», qTo, KOHeqHo, CBH)l.eTeJih-
cTByeT 0 qpe3MepHOU )l.06pocoBeCTHOCTH perropTepa.
Ha 3TOM rrapH)l(CKOM KOHrpecce Ep11aH BhICTYIIHJI c
6oJibrnoii peqbro. B cymHocTH, oH )l.aBHo HaqaJI Tpe3BeTh
II B OCHOBHOM crrope 6bIJI 6JIH30K K )l{opecy. Ho B q11cTO
TaKTHqecKHX QeJI.HX, qTo6hI BHeCTH paCKOJI B cpe)].y rrpo-
THBHHKOB, EpHaH IIO)l.H.HJI Bee TOT )l(e Borrpoc 0 Bceo6meii
3a6acTOBKe (TOr)l.a pa3)].eJI.HBIIIHH 6JiaHKHCTOB II re)l.H-
CTOB). TiocTpOeHa ero peqb 6bIJia qpe3BbJqaHHO CJIO)l(HO II
11cxycHo. Bh1cTyrra.H B 3am11Ty 6ceo6UJeu 3a6acTOBKH, OH
BMeCTe c TeM BbICKa3bIBaJIC.H rrpOTHB 3a6aCTOBOK qacT11q-
HbIX. Tip11 qTeHHH ero peq11 11 Terrepb .ll.OBOJihHO TPY.ll.HO
IIOH.HTb, Ha qeM, co6CTBeHHO, 6bIJIO y.ll.apeH11e: TO Jiii
Ep11aH rrpH3hIBaJI rrpoJiernp11aT K cxopeiirneMy yCTpoii-
CTBY Bceo6meii 3a6acTOBKH, TO JIH OH rrpe)l.JiaraJI eMy He
3JioyrroTpe6JI.HTh cTaqxaMH 06h1qHoro THna. Ho 6bIJIO B
3TOU peq11 HeCKOJibKO oqeHb pe3KHX cppa3, KOTOpbie Terrepb
T.H)l(eJIO BCIIOMHHaTb. OHR BIIOCJie)l.CTBHH )l.Oporo CTOHJIH
rJiaBe cppaHQY3CKOrO npaBHTeJibCTBa.
qepe3 MHOro JieT, B KpHT11qecxy10 MHHYTY rocy)l.apcT-
BeHHOH )l.e.HTeJihHOCTH EpHaHa, rrocJie Toro KaK O.ll.HO ero
pacrrop.H)l(eHHe BbI3BaJio cJieBa BeCbMa pe3KHe Harra)l.KH,
)Kopec rrpoqeJI c TpH6yHhI napJiaMeHTa BhI)l.ep)l(Klf H3 3TOH
CTapoii peqlf EpHaHa Ha rrapH)l(CKOM KOHrpecce. BepHee,
OH He rrpoqeJI 3TY peqh, a pa3birpaJI ee Ha TpH6yHe,
rrpe)l.CTaBJI.H.H B COBeprneHCTBe, KQK OHa 6bIJia CKa3aHa,
BOCIIpOH3BO)l..H ronoc, )l(eCTbl, 3a)l(HraTeJibHYIO MaHepy
Ep11aHa. )Kopec H3o6pa3HJI 6hIBIIIHx qneHOB «KoMHTeTa
60.ll.pCTBOBaHH.H» rrpe)l.aTeJI.HMH pa6oqero xnacca, HCIIOJib-
30BaBIIIHMH .ll.Jl.H JilfqHoro B03BhIIIIeHH.H ero HY)l(.ll.Y, ero
rope, ero HeHaBHCTh K 6oraqaM. «IlOMHHTe Jllf Bbl, JIIO)l.lf,

' «AllCKall wyMHXa», «HeonHcyeMall cyMaToxa» (rjjp.).

434
.nofornmueeR BJiaeTH, - BOeKJIHQaJI OH, - IlOMHHTe JIH Bbl
1e MHOrOTbieRlfHbie HapO.[(Hbie eo6paHHR, r.ne Kor.na-TO
Bae HOeHJIH Ha pyKax? npHaH, MHJibepaH, BHBHaHH, B
eep.nQax 06e3.noneHHbIX mo.nen oeTaJieR Bam o6pa3, o6pa3
eTpaCTHbIX 3aIUHTHHKOB H.n;eana, KOTOpbIH HbIHe Bbl nonH-
paeTe TaK rpy6o! 3TH 6e.n;HRKH lfHTaIOT Tenepb B ra3eTax,
KaK BaMH, BaMH nopyraHo npaBO eTalfKH, H BeR HX :lKH3Hb,
BepORTHO, HM npe.neTaBJIReTeR HeJieilbIM, 6eeeMbieJieHHbIM
KOIUMapoM! .. »

III.
Iloene OKOHlfaHHR .nena ,[lpeil:<pyea IlOJIHTHlfeeKoe B03-
BbIIUeHHe EpHaHa nomno 6bleTpo. KneMaHeo o6paTHJI Ha
Hero BIUfMaHHe. B 1902 ro.ny npHaH 6bIJI m6paH B naJiaTy
.nenyTaTOB. ,[(OKJia.n 06 OT.[(eJieHHH QepKBH OT roey.napeTBa
e.neJiaJI ero HMR H3BeeTHbIM Been eTpaHe. HeJib3R, KOHelf-
HO, yTBep:lK.n;aTb, lfTO :noT .noKna.n 6brn me.neBpoM yqeno-
eTH. B HeM KaneTHHrH eMemaHbI e KapoJIHHraMH, 11H-
HOKenrnn III, yMeplIIHH B 1216 ro.ny, Be.n;eT enop e <l>HJIHil-
IlOM KpaeHBhIM, po.nHBIUHMCR B 1268 ro.ny, a TpHeHTeKHii
Co6op (Concile de Trente) oKa3blBaeTeR Co6opoM Tpu.n-
QaTH (Concile des Trente). BnpolfeM, :no, BepoRTHO, He
,n:orJIR.[(eJI eeKpeTapb, - e,n:Ba JIH DpHaH eaM eoeTaBJIRJI
HeTOpH•1eeKyIO lfaeTb eBoero .[(OKJia,n:a. ,[la H 6e.na, pa3y-
MeeTeR, HeBeJIHKa: no3HaHHR He TaK HY:lKHhI roey.napeTBeH-
HOMY lfeJioBeKy, - r.ne 6brno 6b1 HHalfe B3RTh roey.nap-
eTBeHHbIX JIIO,n:en?
B 1906 ro.ny DpHaH CTaJI MHHHeTpOM Hapo,n:Horo npo-
eBeIUeHHR. BeKope 3aTeM KneMaHeo npe.nno:lKHJI eMy noeT
MHHHeTpa IOeTHQHH. Ilocne na,n:eHHR Ka6HHeTa KneMaHCO
OH - noeJie ceMH JieT napJiaMeHTCKOro CTa:lKa - CTaJI
rnaBon npaBHTeJibCTBa! CoQHaJIHeTHlfeeKaR napTHR eme B
1906 ro.ny HCKJIIOlfHJia ero H3 CBOeH cpe,n:bI, BilpOlfeM, 6e3
myMa, 6e3 3JI06bI, 60JibIUe .[(JIR nopR,n:Ka. 0THOIIIeHHe K
HeMy COQHaJIHeTOB 6hIJIO BHalfaJie epaBHHTeJibHO 6naro-
CKJIOHHbIM. Ho npHaHy OlfeHb He IlOBe3JIO.
B 1910 ro.ny BO <l>paHQHH Ha lfanacb 6onhmaR :lKeJie3HO-
.nopo:lKHaR 3a6acTOBKa, Bbl3BaBmaR naHHKY B HaeeJieHHH.
EpHaH 6hlcTpo no,n:aBHJI ee, c qpe3BhI'laHHOH 3Hepruen,
npH IlOMOIUH BOeHHO-a.[(MHHHCTpaTHBHbIX Mep (npaB,n:a,
6e3 npoJIHTHR KpOBH), He OeTaHOBHBIUHCb nepe.n M06HJIH-
3aQHeH CTalfelfHHKOB. Ilo npH'IHHaM, KOTOpb1e Tpy,n:Ho no-
435
 HRTb, 3TOT OCTOpo:>KHbIH qeJIOBeK 6eccnopHO neperHyJI
naJIKY (Ka)l(eTCR, e,n:HHCTBeHHbIH pa3 B TeqeHHe BCeH CBOeH
npaBHTeJihCTBeHHOH ,n:eRTeJibHOCTH): B AHrJIHH B cxo,n:HoH:
o6cTaHOBKe o6oruJIHCh 6e3 no,n:o6HhIX Mep. Co BCeM TeM
,n:pyroH: qeJIOBeK, 6bITb MO)l(eT, H He Bbl3BaJI 6bI HMH
oco6oro Hero,n:oBaHHR. Ho neno ce6e npe,n:cTaBHTh, Ka-
KYI-O TeMy ,n:aBano npH TaKHX o6cTORTeJibCTBax nporunoe
ApHCTH,n:a opHaHa. KaMnaHHI-0, npe,n:npHHRTYI-0 ra3eTOH
«L'Humanite», MO)l(HO cqnTaTh HenpeBJoH:,n:eHHOH no rpy-
6ocTH. He 6hrno HOMepa raJeThI, B KOTopoM EpHaHa He
Ha3bIBaJIH 6hI pa360HHHKOM, KaHaJibeH, 3JIO,n:eeM. ,n:py3hR
MOJIO,ll;OCTH c HaCJia)l(,ll;eHlieM onHChIBaJIH, B KaKHX xy,n:hIX
canorax XO,ll;HJI Kor,n:a-TO «KanHTaJIHCTHqecKHH HaeMHHK»,
coo6mann, qTo OH nonyqan Ja CBOH Ja)l(HraTeJibHbie peqn
no 40 cppaHKOB c pa6oqnx opraHH3aQHH, pa3o6naqaJIH ero
nnaHbI )l(eHHThCR Ha 6oraTOH HeBecTe, YTBep)l(,n:aJIH, 6y,n:To
OH B CBOe BpeMR npe,n:naraJI B30pBaTb CTOqHbie Tpy6bI
IlapH)l(a!..
«KanHTaJIHCTHqeCKHH HaeMHHK» He )l(eHaT H no ceii
,n:eHb. IlnaH B3pbIBa napH)l(CKHX CTOqHblX Tpy6 CJIHlliKOM
rnyn ,n:m1 Toro, qTo6 ero MO)l(HO 6hrno 6h1 npHnHChIBaTh
EpnaHy. Ho, He3aBHCHMO OT pa3HhIX BhIMhICJIOB H OT
TOHa, 3TY KaMnaHHI-0 ,ll;OJI)l(HO npH3HaTb HenpaBHJibHOH B
MOpaJibHOM OTHOilleHHH.
ra3eTa «Temps» He,n:aBHO cpaBHHBaJia HhIHeruHero MH-
HHCTpa HHOCTpaHHhIX ,n:en c TaneiipaHOM. CpaBHeHHe o.n:-
HOBpeMeHHO H necTHoe, H ocKop6HTeJihHoe. Kor.n:a Taneii-
paH yMep, Ha HaHBHbIH BOnpoc 0 npOHCXO)l(,ll;eHHH ero
6oraTCTBa O,ll;HH H3 BparoB OTBeTHJI: «OH npo,n:aBaJI no-
oqepe,n:Ho Bcex, KTO ero noKynam>. EpHaH B pe3yJihTaTe
He6bIBaJIOH rocy,n:apCTBeHHOH KapbepbI OCTaJICR COBep-
rueHHbIM 6e,n:HRKOM. KpoMe KJioqKa JeMJIH B Koruepene,
3a 70 JieT )l(H3HH OH He Ha)l(HJI HHqero: KOr,n:a eMy 6blJia
np11cy)l(,n:eHa Ho6eneBCKaR npeMHR MHpa, BhIRCHHJIOCh,
qTo y EpHaHa HH B o,n:HoM H3 6aHKOB HeT TeKymero cqeTa.
qeJIOBeK, 6bIBll1HH MHOro pa3 rJiaBOH npaBHTeJihCTBa H He
HMeI-OmHH TeKymero cqeTa B 6aHKe, - RBJieHHe B MHpe
COBeprueHHO HCKJII-OqHTeJihHOe. rocy,n:apCTBeHHbIM ,n:eRTe-
JIRM c 60Jibll1HM nporuJiblM H 6y.n:ymHM HeT HHKaKOH
Ha,n:o6HOCTH 6bITb HeqeCTHbIMH JII-0,ll;bMH ,ll;JIR Toro, qTo6hI
npno6peCTH MaTepHaJihHYI-0 He3aBHCHMOCTh: ,ll;JIR HHX cy-
mecTBYI-OT ,n:pyrne nyTH, neraJihHhie, npHHRThie, ,n:a)l(e He
JaKJII-OqaI-Omne B ce6e HHqero npe,n:ocy,n:nTeJibHoro. MHo-
rne KOMMepqeCKHe HJIH npOMbllliJieHHhie npe,n:npHRTHR
6hIJIH 6hI pa,n:hI H cqacTJIHBbl npe,n:ocTaBHTb ,ll;OJI)l(HOCTb
436
MJIM CMHeKypy 110JIMTM'lecK0My ,ne.s1Temo TaKoro 110JieTa. B
3TOM OTHOIIIeHMM ApMCTM.U EpMaH lfeJioBeK coBepIIIeHHO
6e3y11peqHhIH M Ha pe,UKOCTh me11eTMJihHhIH.
Pa3yMeeTc», KpoMe ,neHer cymecTByeT eme M BJiaCTh.
0lfeHh B03M0)KHO, 'ITO 11paBHll.(Me KJiaCChl <l>pam~MM, pac-
TO'laH ,UBa,nu;aTh JieT TOMY Ha3a,U BCeB03MO)l(Hbie KOMl1-
JIMMeHThl MOJio,noMy MMHMCTPY, 110KMHYBIIIeMy peBOJIJO-
U.MOHHhIH Jiareph, pyKoBO.UMJIMCh M3pe'leHMeM ocTpoyM-
Horo 11MCaTeJIH: «Jly'IIIIMe 110)KapHhie BhIXO,UHT M3 110,U)KM-
raTeJieH». IlyaHKape r.ue-TO 11MIIIeT: «.6yp)Kya3M.sl OXOTHO
11pomaeT JIIO,UHM, eli yrpO)KaBIIIMM, eCJIM 11pMXO,UMT K
MhICJIM, 'ITO OHM B COCTOHHMM 3all.(Mll.(aTh ee». Bee 3TO
COBepIIIeHHO BepHO. Ho He MeHee BepHO M TO, 'ITO 11epe.n
MOJIO,UhIM EpMaHOM B CBOe BpeMH OTKphIBaJiaCh ropa3,UO
6oJiee 11p.s1Ma.s1, JierKa» M y,no6Ha.si: ,nopora K BJiaCTM . .6yp-
)Kya3M» eme OXOTHee BhIHOCMT HaBepx JIJO,UeH, KOTOpbIM
HM'lero 11pomaTh He Ha.no. EpMaH - JIY'IIIIMH opaTop
<l>paHU:MM, O.UMH M3 ee yMHeHIIIMX 110JIMTMKOB. 3TMX
CBOHCTB 6bIJIO COBepIIIeHHO ,UOCTaTO'IHO, lfT06bI 06ec11e-
'IMTh eMy 6JiecrnmyJO rocy,napcrneHHYJO Kapbepy (He ro-
BopJO y)Ke 0 Kaphepe a,UBOKaTCKOH). Ilo 11yTM K MMHM-
CTepCKMM ,UBopu;aM HM B KaKOH 11HTepHau;MOHaJI 3ae3)KaTh
eMy He Tpe60BaJIOCh.
,lJ;yMaJO, 'ITO EpMaH COBepIIIeHHO MCKpeHHO BepMJI B TO,
'ITO rOBOpMJI KOr,na-TO Ha MMTMHrax, BepMJI M B CBOIO
TeopMIO Bceo6meli 3a6aCTOBKM. ,lJ;yMaJO, 'ITO OH Bl10JIHe
MCKpeHHO cJiy)KMJI ,neJiy 06e3,noJieHHh1x. E,nBa JIM 11pMxo-
.UMTCH y,nMBJIHThCH ToMy, 'ITO lfeJioBeK, ,nBeHa,nu;aTh pa3
6hIBIIIMH rnaBOH 11paBMTeJibCTBa (peKop.n B MMpOBOH MC-
TOpMM), HeMHoro 11opacTp.si:c oT11ymeHHhIH eMy 3a11ac Be-
phI M MJIJIJ03MH. Ho HM'lero U:MHM'IHoro .si: B ero )l(M3HM He
BM)Ky.
011paB,UhIBaJiach JIM 3BOJilOU:M» EpMaHa TeM, 'ITO OH
c,neJiaJI, ,nocTMrHyB BJiaCTM? C,neJiaJI OH, KOHe'IHO, He olfeHh
MHOro. Bee )Ke M3 Tex 25-30 lfeJIOBeK, KOTOpbie B pa3HhIX
CO'leTaHMHX M KOM6MHaU:MHX 11paBMJIM <l>paHu;MeH B 110-
CJie,UHMe .nec.si:TMJieTMH, OlfeHh HeMHOrMe ocymecTBMJIM 60-
JihIIIe cou;MaJihHhIX pe<!lopM, lfeM OH. IlpaB,na, pe<!lopMhI
3TM HeJih3H 11pM3HaTb rJiy6oKMMM; HO M B03MO)KHOCTM
MCTOpM'leCKOH o6cTaHOBKM, B KOTOpOH OH pa6oTaJI, TO)l(e
6hIJIM HeBeJIMKM. B.no6aBOK OH o6hI'IHO He olfeHh ,noJiro
3a,nep)KMBaJICH y BJiaCTM - lfaCThlO BCJie,UCTBMe )KeJiaHMH

• ToJILKO BO Cl>paHUHH H B AHrJIHH ROCJie BOHHLI rocy.z:tapcTBOM npaBllT re JKe

JIIO.z:tH, '!TO H nepe.z:t eoiiaolO.

437
OT,l(OXHYTh If nO,l(hIIliaTh cnoKOHHee, qacThlO no caMOH
npHpo.l(e rocy.l(apcTBeHHhIX nopH.l(KOB <l>pam.1.HH. AHaTOJih
<l>paHC BH,l(eJI B He,l(OJirOBeqHOCTH <t>paHIJ.Y3CKHX MHHH-
CTepCTB 6oJihllIOe npenMymecTBO pecny6JinKaHcKoro
CTpOSI: «Les cretins durent beaucoup moins longtemps» •• B
OTHOllleHHH EpnaHa yJK HHKaK HeJih3H yBH.l(eTh 3,l(ech npe-
HMymecTBO.
OH 6h1JI .l(OJirne ro.l(hI «pa3pyllIHTeJieM». Ho HJ JIIO.l(eii:,
cnacaBllIHx n cnacllIHX <l>paHIJ.HIO BO BpeMH BOHHhI, K
6hIBllIHM pa3pyllIHTeJIHM npHHa.l(JieJKaT oqeHh MHOrHe. B
J110KceM6yprcKoM MyJee eCTh KapTHHa Pa<Pa3JIJIH «MH-
THHr B IJ.HpKe <l>epHaH,l(O». 0Ha nHCaHa c HaTyphl 60J1hllle
copoKa JieT TOMY HaJa.l(. KJieMaHco npoH3HOCHT JaJKHra-
TeJihHYIO pe%. Ero <Pnrypa Ha nepBoM nJiaHe nepe.l(aHa
xy.l(OJKHHKOM y.l(HBHTeJihHo: «IloMeCh BHKTopa f'10ro c
Po6ecnhepoM», - cKaJaJI yMHhIH qeJioBeK (MaplllaJI
<l>olll). Ilo3a,l(H HapO.l(HOro TpH6yHa TeCHSITCSI ero yqe-
HHKH, .l(py3hH, o6oJKaTeJIH. Bee OHH TOJKe nHcaHhI nop-
Tperno. 0.l(HH H3 HHX ,l(aBHO yMepJIH (KaK II. JI. JlaBpOB).
3a HeKOTOphIMH 3aXJIOnHyJiaCh ,l(Beph ,l(OMa yMaJIHllleH-
HhIX. QqeHh MHOrne YllIJIH B .l(pyroii: Jiareph (cpe.l(H HHX
JierKo yJHaTh <Pnrypy MOJIO,l(Oro MHJihepaHa).

IV.
B nopy 060S1BJieHHS1 BOHHhI EpHaH 6hIJI He y ,l(eJI. Bo
rJiaBe npaBHTeJihCTBa CTOSIJI BHBHaHH, ero cTaphIH conep-
HHK If no COIJ.HaJIHCTHqecKOMY' If no npaBHTeJihCTBeHHOMY
Jiarep10. Ho oqeHh cKopo, eme B aBrycTe 1914 ro,l(a,
CTpallIHhie BOeHHhie KaTaCTPO<l>hI nOCTaBHJIH BOnpoc 0
npHBJieqeHHH B COCTaB Ka6HHeTa HaH60Jiee BhI,l(aIOmHXCSI
JIIO.l(eii: <l>paHIJ.HH. BHBHaHH npe.l(JIOJKHJI nocT BoeHHoro
MHHHCTpa KJieMaHCO, KOTOphIH OTBeTHJI OTKa30M, Tpe6yH
.l(JISI ce6H .l(OJIJKHOCTH r JiaBhI npaBHTeJihCTBa ••. BMecTo
Hero 6bIJI npHBJieqeH MHJihepaH, .z:t:eJihKacce CTaJI MHHHCT-
poM HHOCTpaHHhIX ,l(eJI, a EpHaH MHHHCTpOM IOCTHIJ.HH.
BHBHaHH npHrJiaCHJI EpHaHa B npaBHTeJihCTBO He CJIHlll-
KOM OXOTHO, 3HaSI JKryqy10 HeHaBHCTh K HeMy BCero JieBO-

• «BpeMll, OTll}'mCHHOe KpeTHHaM, 3Ha'IHTCllbHO KOpO'le» (rjjp.) .

•• 110 cnoBaM 11yaHKape (BocnOMHHaHHll, T. v. CTp. 175), KneMaHCO 3allBHn:
<di caM cOCTaBmo Ka6HHeT H B03bMY B Hero 6pHaHa, MHnbepaHa H ):(enbKacce».
Bee 3TH nlO.!lH 6blJIH TOrJla ero llH'IHbIMH BparaMH; O'ICBHJlHO, HMCHHO HX OH H
C'IHTan cnoco6HeiiwHMH rocyJlapcTBCHHblMH JlCllTenllMH cl>paHlnm.

438
 ro narep51. Ho B .UHM cMepTeJibHOH onacHOCTM M51 po,nM-
HhI 3,UpaBbIH CMbICJI, naTpMOTM'leCKOe 'IYBCTBO, 6naropo.n-
CTBO HaQMOHaJibHOro xapaKTepa ~paHQY30B OKa3aJIHCb
CMJibHee caMOH OCTpOH IlOJIMTM'leCKOH M JIM'IHOH BpaJK,Ubl.
)l{IQJib re.n M CeM6a BOllIJIM B npaBMTeJibCTBO BMecTe c
EpMaHoM.
,lJ;oJIJKHOCTb MMHMCTpa IOCTMQMM B nopy BOHHbl He
MMeJia oco6eHHoro 3Ha11eHM5I. 0,nHaKo poJib EpMaHa B
COBeTe MMHMCTpOB 6bIJia 11pe3BbI'laHHO BeJIMKa.
BoiiHa BeJ,ne (B PoccMM M B Coe,nMHeHHbIX IIITarnx
MeHbllie, 11eM B ,npyrMx rocy,napcTBax) conpoBOJK,nanacb
rnyxoii, Mano JaMeTHoii ny6JIMKe 6oph6oii MeJK,ny rpaJK-
,naHCKMMM M BOeHHbIMM BJiaCT51MM . .51BJieHMe 3TO CTapoe M
06b111Hoe. KH513b EMcMapK paccKa3bIBaeT o TOH ynopHoii
6opb6e, KOTopyIO eMy M B MMpHoe BpeM51 npMXO,UMJIOCb
BeCTM c pyKOBO.UMTeJI51MM reHepaJibHoro ll1Ta6a. B3rJI51.UbI
EMcMapKa Ha B3aMMOOTHOllieHM51 BOeHHbIX M rpaJK,naHCKMx
BJiacTeii 6bIJIM ,noBOJibHO cBoeo6pa3HhI. Ha ocHoBaHMM
60JibllIOro JIM'IHOro OilbITa KaHQJiep 6bIJI y6eJK,neH, 'ITO
BOeHHbie Bcer.na M Be3,ne, 51BHO MJIM CKpbITO, CTpeM51TC51 K
BOHHe. EMcMapK C'IMTaJI 3TO 51BJieHMe coBepllieHHO ecTeCT-
BeHHbIM M ,naJKe 3aKOHHbIM: KaKOH 6e3 Hero 6hIJI 6bI ,nyx B
apMMM? Ho, MCXO,USI M3 TaKoro CTpeMJieHMSI, KaK M3 ~aKTa,
c KOTOpbIM HM'lero He no.nenaellib, DMCMapK BCSl'leCKM
CTapaJICSI He .nonycKaTb reHepaJIOB K IlOJIMTMKe. 3aTO CaM
OH 6ecnpecTaHHO BMellIMBaJICSI B 'IMCTO BOeHHbie .nena -
M He TOJibKO B MMpHoe BpeMSI. IlpM CBoeii 6e3rpaHM'IHOH
Bepe B ce6si H B CBOM CMJibl KaHQJiep He 6e3 MpOHMM
OTHOCMJICSI K PooHy, K MoJihTKe. 3To BJieKJIO Ja co6oii
6ecnpecTaHHhie CTOJIKHOBeHMSI. TaK, B 1870 ro,ny BOeHHb1e
BJiaCTM yJihTMMaTMBHO noTpe6oBaJIM OT Koponsi HeBMellia-
TeJibCTBa EMcMapKa B MX pacnopsiJKeHMSI. CaM KaHQJiep
paccKa3bIBaJI, 'ITO B nopy CBOMX BbICWMX IlOJIMTM'leCKMX
ycnexoB OH no,nBepraJICSI HaCTOSIIIJ;eMy 60HKOTY co CTopo-
Hbl BOeHHbIX KpyroB.
Y rocy,napcTBeHHbIX ,nesiTeneii, npaBMBllIMX EBponoii B
1914 ro.ny, He 6hmo HM aBTopMTeTa EMcMapKa, HM ero
CMJibI BOJIM. MM npMllIJ10Cb CTOJIKHYTbCSI c TaKMMM JKe
3aTpy,nHeHMSIMM, HO ,neiicTBOBaTh KpyTo OHM, ecTeCTBeH-
HO, He MOrJIM.
Tenepb HM .nnsi Koro He TaiiHa, 'ITO B3aMMOOTHOllieHMSI
~paHQY3CKOro M 6pMTaHCKOro KOMaH,UOBaHMSI B nopy
1914--1917 ro,noB ue OTJIM'laJIMCb oco6oii cep.ne11uocThIO.
CTOJIKHOBeHMSI Ha11aJIMCb c nepBbIX ,nueii BOHHhI - ua11a-
JIHCb KaK 6hI c nyCTSIKOB. <I>paHQY3CKMH reHepaJibHbIH ll1Ta6,

439
 pa3yMeeTCSI, HMeJI Bee npaBa Ha nepBeHCTBYIOIIJ,YIO pOJib B
ynpaBJieHHH BOeHHhIMH .ueucTBHSIMH. Ho no qnHy H
)l{ocpcpp, H raJIJIHeHH, H <l>orn, KaK ,UHBH3HOHHhie reHepa-
Jlhl, 6bIJIH HH)l(e cpeJib.UMaprnaJia <l>peHqa •. Bo3HHK Bonpoc
0 B3aHMHOM THTYJIOBaHHH. )l{ocpcpp B rrepBOM IIHCbMe K
<l>peHqy Ha3BaJI ero «Monsieur le Marechal». <l>peHq OT-
BeTHJI «Mon cher general». 3To Bhl3BaJio cepbe3Hoe He-
y_uoBOJihCTBHe cpe,UH cppam~y3oB: TaKaSI cpopMa rrpHHSITa
BO cppam.1,y3CKOH apMHH B o6paIIJ,eHHSIX BbICrnero K HH3-
rneMy. c .upyrou CTOpOHhl, ecJIH 6hI <l>peHq HaIIHCaJI rrpo-
CTO «Mon general», TO 3TO 6hIJIO 6bI o6paIIJ,eHHeM HH3-
rnero K BbICllleMy··. 1-13 TPY.UHOro IIOJIO)l(eHHSI 3HaTOKH
npe,UJIO)l(HJIH Bhrxo.u: B3aHMHoe THTYJIOBaHHe «Mon cher
camarade». Ho OTToro JIH, qTo cpeJib,UMaprnaJI <l>peHq He
JII06HJI CJIOBa «camarade», HJIH rrpOCTO IIO ero He3HaKOM-
CTBY c cppaHIJ,Y3CKHM SI3hIKOM, 6pnTaHCKHH KOMaH.UYIOIIJ,HH
rrpo.uoJI)l(aJI rrncaTh )l{ocpcppy «Mon cher general» _ua)l(e B
CBOHX .uoHeceHHSIX rroJiyrro_uqnHeHHoro xapaKTepa.
He Ha.uo .uyMaTh, qTo CTOJIKHOBeHHSI 3TH HMeJIH xapaK-
Tep, He COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ,HH TparnqecKHM co6hlTHSIM Tex
,UHeu. Bo nraBe apMHH CTOSIJIH BhI,UaIOIIJ,Hecsi, yMHbie H
caMOOTBep)l(eHHhie JIIO.UH. Ho 3a BorrpocaMH 3THKeTa
CKpbIBaJiaCb oqeHb cepbe3HaSI rrpo6JieMa B3aHMOOTHOllle-
HHSI o6ottx rnTa6oB, rrpHHHMaBrnasi ocTpy10 cpopMy He
O.UHH pa3, BIIJIOTh .uo 1918 ro.ua, Kor.ua KJieMaHco .uo6HJI-
csi no_uqnHeHHSI Been aHrJIHHCKOH apMHH BepxOBHOMY KO-
MaH,UOBaHHIO reHepaJia <l>orna.
0.uHa H3 HeJierKHX 3a_uaq EpttaHa (oco6eHHO B 1916 ro-
.uy) 3aKJIIOqaJiaCh HMeHHO B TOM, qT06hI 3arJia)l(HBaTb 3TH
pa3_uophI. CTOJIKHOBeHHSI B03HHKaJIH B,Uo6aBOK H Me)l(_uy
caMHMH cppaHIJ,Y3CKHMH reHepaJiaMH.
Ilo COBeprneHHOU CBOeU HeKOMIIeTeHTHOCTH SI He 6e-
pycb CY.UHTb 0 TOM BeJIHKOM co6bITHH, KOTOpoe BIIOJIHe
crrpaBe,UJIHBO Ha3bIBaeTcsi qy_uoM Ha peKe MapHe. Pa3y-
MeeTcsi, 6oJihrne Bcero qy_uoM 3THM <l>paHIJ,Hsi o6si3aHa
xpa6poCTH, BbIHOCJIHBOCTH H naTpHOTH3MY CBOeH apMHH.
Ho H pOJih OT,UeJihHhIX JIIO_ueu B crraceHHH IlapH)l(a 6hrna
BeChMa 3HaqHTeJihHa. Ha.uo JIH B rrepByIO oqepe_ub CBS13hI-
BaTh II06e_uy C HMeHeM )l{ocpcppa HJIH C HMeHeM raJIJIHe-
HH, - 06 3TOM HCTOpHKH 6y.uyT crropHTh oqeHh _uoJiro. B
' B AurnHH cyU.1eCTBY10T 'leTblpe reuepanhCKHX 'IHHa, BO lf>paHll)IH TOnbKO
llBai HH OllHOfO Mapwana BO «j>paHQYJCKOH apMHH B 1914 r. He 6blno.
' lf>opMa 06paU.1eHHll «Mon general» npeitCTaBnlleT co6oii Bo «1>pa11uyJcKoii
apMHH JBYKOBOe BHllOHJMeHCHUe CTapHHHOH «j>opMbl «Monsieur le general», CYllle-
CTBOBaBweii DO'ITH i10 Konua XVIII B. Bo «j>pauuyJcKOM «j>noTe DOll'IHHeuuble H
Tenepb roBopllT aitMHpany «Monsieur l'amiral», a ne «mon amiral».

440
 ocpMQMaJibHOH citation·, .ll,aHHOH napn:>KCKOMY rnaBHOKO-
MaH.D.YI-OlQeMy qepe3 ro.ll, nocne 6nTBbI npn MapHe, eMy
OTBO.ll.MTCSI no.ll,qnHeHHaSI ponh: «cooperation subordon-
nee» ... Ho caM reHepan rannne1m, npnHMMaSI Harpa.ll,y,
3aSIBMJ1, qTo ee TeKCTa OH He npMHMMaeT. 3TOT BOeHHbIH
BOnpoc, 6bITb MOX<eT, TaK " OCTaHeTCSI Hepa3perneHHbIM.
Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, Tenepb MO)l(HO cqnTaTb BblSICHeH-
HbIM, qTO B nocne.ll,HMe .ll,HM nepe.ll, MCTOpnqecKOH no6e.ll,OH
B npaBSllQMX Kpyrax COI-03HMKOB HaCTpOeHne 6b!J10 y)l(aC-
HOe. ramrneHn nncan )l{ocpcppy 2 ceHrn6pS1 1914 ro.ll,a, qTo
MaprnaJI <l>peHq, nO-BM.ll,MMOMy, 0 Ilapn)l(e 3a60TMTCSI Ma-
no, qTo eMy caMOMY IIJiaHbl rJiaBHOKOMaH.D.YI-OIQero B006-
IQe HeM3BeCTHbI. HeMQbI 6hIJIM HacTOJibKO ysepeHhI B He-
MnHyeMoM na.ll,eHnn Ilapn)l(a, qTo reH. MappBnQ, xoMaH-
.ll.OBasumii xaBanepnen nepson apMnn, .ll,a)l(e He 3arnmp-
poBbIBan pa.ll,MOTenerpaMMbl, KOTOpbie OH nOCblJlaJI no
HaqaJibCTBy, - OHM, KaK M3BeCTHO, 6b!J1M nepexsaqeHbl
3iicpeJieBOH 6amHeH. Ilo CJIOBaM reHepaJia Jle rpo, 3a
HeCKOJlbKO .ll,Heii .ll,O no6e.ll,bl B xa6nHeTe cppaHQY3CKoro
Boeuuoro MMHHCTpa .neno cqHTanocb rrorH6mHM, - rrpo-
M3HeceHbI 6bIJIM CJIOBa: «E.ll,MHCTBeHHaSI Ha.ll,e)l(.ll,a Tenepb
Ha pyccKHX» •••
Ha OCHOBaHMM Tex MCToqHMKOB, KOTOpbIMM Mbl pac-
IIOJiaraeM B HaCTO.SIIQee speMSI, MO)l(HO CKa3aTb c 6onh-
lllOH BepO.SITHOCTbl-0, qTo B nocne.ll,HHe .ll,HH asrycTa 1914
ro.ll,a cppaHQY3CKMMH BnaCTSIMH 6hIJIO npMHSITO, HJIH noqTn
npHHSITO, perneHHe He 3alQHlQaTb IlapH)I( H 06'b.SIBHTb ero
OTKpbITbIM ropo.ll,OM. K 3TOMY CKJIOH.SIJiach cTaBKa rnas-
HOKOMaH.D.YI-OIQero. BoeHHbIH MHHHCTP MHJibepau 3aSIBHJI
xaTeropnqecxn, qTo OH He cqnTaeT B03MO)l(HbIM BMemn-
BaThC.SI B pacnop.Sl)l(eHM.SI CTaBKM.
Jlerxo noH.SITb 3TO HacTpoeuHe MHnbepaua. IIITaTc-
KOMY qenoBeKy HY)l(HbI 6bIJIM HCKJIJ0qHTenbHb1e My)l(eCTBO
H caMoyBepeHHOCTb .ll,Jl.SI Toro, qTo6bI B BOnpocax CTpaTe-
rnqecKMX B03pa)l(aTh soeHHOMY KOMaH.ll,OBaun1-0. BMecTe c
TeM .nocTaToquo SICHO, qTo IlapH)I( .[(JISI rpa)l(.naucxoro
npaBMTeJibCTBa y)I( HHKaK He 6bIJI TOJlbKO CTpaTerHqecKHM
nyHKTOM - nnoxoii xpenoCThI-O, KOTopy1-0 Tpy.n;uo 3aIQn-
IQaTb. MHeHHSI pa3.n;enHnHcb, H, no-Bn,nnMoMy, 3ace.n;aHHS1
COBeTa MMHMCTpOB npMH.SlflM qpe3BbJqaH:Ho 6ypHbIH xapaK-
• 06'bllBneuHe 6naroAapHOCTH B npHKa3e (ifjp.) .
•• «IlOA'IHHe1111oe COT))YAllH'ICC1BO» ( ifjp)
••• General H. Le Gros. La genese de la bataille de la Marne, p 49. IIyauKape
B CBOHX BOCUOMHHaHHllX (T. v, CTp. 223) UHWeT, 'ITO no AOHeceHHIO cj>palll.IY3CKOro
nocna (3a N!! 513) B IIeTep6ypre 11eyAa'IH COI0311LIX apMHii Bbl3BanH CHRbHCHWYIO
TpeBory; onacanHCb 3aKJIIO'ICHHll COI0311HKaMH cenapaTHOro MHpa c repMaHHeii.

441
Tep. McTop1u1 3THX 3ace.n;aHHH eme He HanncaHa, - MhI
MO)l(eM 0 HHX cy.n;HTh TOJlhKO no HaMeKaM. HaM H3BeCTHO,
Hanp., '!TO Ha 3TOM <t>paHIIY3CKOM COBeTe B <l>nm1x )J{IQJib
re.n; npe.n;JIO)l(HJI pa3.n;aTb opy)l(He HaCeJieHHIO H IlO)J;HHTh
ero Ha JamnTy CTOJIHllhI. B no.n;o6Hhie Meph1 MHHHCTP
IOCTHIIHH IIJIOXO BepHJI, .n;aBHO IIOKOH'IHB c IICHXOJIOrHeH
1793 ro.n;a. BpwaH .n;oKa3bIBaJI, '!TO c.n;aTh IlapH)I( HeBo3-
MO)l(HO H '!TO rnaBHOKOMaH.n;yiomnH: o6.fl3Qll IIOIIbITaTh
C'laCTbH B pellIHTeJihHOM cpa)l(eHHH y BOpOT <t>paHIIY3CKOH
CTOJIHllhl.
Ero MHeHne o.n;ep)l(aJio Bepx.
011eHh B03pa)l(aJI BpnaH H npoTHB OT'he3.n;a npaBHTeJih-
CTBa B Bop.n;o, npe.n;11yBcTBYH KpaHHIOIO HenonynHpHOCTh
3TOH MephI. OH )Ke nepBhIH B IlapH)I( H3 Bop.n;o BepHyncH.
Ilo CJIOBaM IlyaHKape, .n;eHCTBHH MHHHCTpa IOCTHllHH IIpH-
BO)J;HJIH B BeCbMa HepBHOe COCTOHHHe rJiaBy npaBHTeJibCT-
Ba, KOTOphIH ycMaTpHBaJI B HHX )l(eJiaHwe EpwaHa JaHHTh
ero MecTo. '.:ho, KOHe'IHO, JIHlllh npe.n;noJIO)l(eHHe. KaK 6hl
TO HH 6bIJIO, B OKTH6pe 1915 ro.n;a Ka6HHeT BHBHaHH
no.nan B OTCTaBKY H EpHaH CTaJI npe.z:i:ce.z:i:aTeneM COBeTa
MHHHCTpOB c IIOPT<PeneM MHHHCTpa HHOCTpaHHbIX .n;eJI.

v.
06na.n;aJI JIM OH CBOHCTBaMH, Heo6xo.n;HMbIMH .n;JIH IIO-
CTa, CTOJlb He06hl'laHHO TH)l(enoro B ro.n;bl BOHHbI? 3TOT
YMHbIH, OCTOpO)l(HbIH, .n;aJibHOBH)J;HhIH 11enoBeK, KOHe'IHO,
rnynocTeli He .n;enan, - BpwaH, BepoHTHO, opranwqecKH ne
cnoco6eH c.n;enaTh rnynocTh. IloJIO)l(eHHe ero 6hIJIO Tpy.n;-
noe. On ne xoTen 6bITh BOeHHhIM MHHHCTpoM, He HMeH
BOeHHoro. o6pa3oBaHHH, He y11HBllIHCh B «orHecTpenhHhIX
KHHrax» (KaK nwcanw y Hae B XVII BeKe). Ha.n; 6hlBllIHM
aHTHMHJIHTapHCTOM, 3amHTHHKOM riocTaBa 3pBe, B)J;06a-
BOK THrOTeJIO ero npOllIJIOe. .LJ:nH pOJIH «3JieKTpH3aTopa
Hapo.n;HhIX Mace», .n;nH ponn ,L(aHTOHa HJIH KneMaHco OH,
npw BCeM cBoeM KpacHope11ww, BH.D:HMO, He ro.n;HJICH. Ho
Bee TO, '!TO MOr .n;aTb B Ka'!eCTBe rJiaBhI rpa)l(,l{aHCKoro
npaBHTeJihCTBa YMHbIH, OCTOpO)l(HbIH H .n;aJihHOBH)J;HhIH
11enoBeK, BpwaH .nan <l>paHIIHH B 3TH ro.n;hI.
OH )J;OBepHJI BOeHHOe MHHHCTepCTBO reHepany ran-
JIHeHH, IIOTOM reHepany JlHOTe, BCH'leCKH oxpaHHJI npe-
CTH)I( )J{o<P<t>Pa, co CBOHCTBeHHhIM eMy TaKTOM er Jia)l(HBaJI
CTOJIKHOBeHHH, 0 KOTOpbIX H roBOpHJI Bbillle, y6e.n;HJI anr-
JIHHCKOe npaBHTeJihCTBO cornacoBaTh .l{eHCTBHH <t>enh.n;-

442
 Maprnana Xeiira c Tpe60Bamu1MH cppam.1,yJcKoii CTaBKH H
BcsiqecKH OTCTaHBaJI B cnopax c COl03HHKaMH nepBeHCTBO
cppam.1,yJcKoro KOMaH,n:oBaHHR. <l>enh,n:Maprnan Po6epTCOH
B CBOHX BOCITOMHHaHHSIX roBOpHT' qTo 6pHTaHCKaSI CTaBKa
onacanach JIHqHhIX CBH,n:aHHH BpHaHa c Jlnoii.n: .[l)l(op.n:-
)l(eM, npe.n:nonar~si, qTo cppam.1,yJcKoMy npeMbepy, npH
ero .n:ape y6e)l(,L(eHHR, y.n:acTCSI BbffOBOpHTb KaKylO-JIH6o
H0By10 ycTynKy y aHrJIHHCKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa.
,[J;HIIJIOMaTHqecKHe o6si3aHHOCTH BpuaH ucnoJIHRJI c
06b1qHbIM CBOHM HCKYCCTBOM; He cne.n:ysi B006IIJ,e npuMe-
py OHCMapKa, OH HHor.n:a BCe )l(e peIIIaJICSI BbICTynaTb H 3a
npe,n:eJibI qucToii .n:unnoMaTHH. BpuaH 6hm rnaBHhIM CTO-
poHHHKOM CaJIOHHKCKOH 3KCITe,L(HIJ,HH, CbirpaBrneit orpoM-
HYIO ponb B caMoM KOHIJ,e BOHHhI. 3Kcne.n:m.1,u10 3TY B
H3BeCTHoii Mepe MO)l(HO cquTaTb ero .n:enoM. EcTh HeK0To-
pb1e OCHOBaHHSI .n:yMaTb, qTo OH CTaJI npOIIOBe,n:oBaTb ee
HaquHaSI eIIJ,e c oe1<a6pR 1914 zooa. EcJIH 3TO BepHO, TO
3,L(eCb ,L(OJI)l(HO BH,L(eTb ,L(OKa3aTeJibCTBO HCKJI}OqHTeJibHOH
,n:aJihHOBH.rt:HOCTH BpuaHa. B BOeHHhIX Kpyrax He xoTeJIH
CJibIIIIaTb 06 OTBJieqeHHH Ha BanKaHhI 3HaquTeJihHbIX
BOeHHhIX cun c rnaBHoro TeaTpa BOHHhI. <l>enh,n:Maprnan
Po6epTCOH BhICKa3bIBancsi npoTHB «6anKaHcKoii aBaHTlO-
pbI» caMhIM pernuTeJibHhIM o6pa30M. Ee npoTHBHHKOM
6bm u nop.n: KuneHep. He o.n:o6psinu ee u cppaH11,y3cKue
BOeHHble aBTOpHTeTbI. reHepan CappaHJih paccMaTpHBaJI
cBoe Ha3HaqeHue B CanoHHKH noqTH Kax cchmxy. )Kop)I(
KneMaHco BeJI oTqasiHHYIO xaMnaHHlO npoTHB OTnpaBKH
co103Hh1x BOHCK B 6anxaHCKHe CTpaHbI. Ha o,n:HoM H3
3ace,n:aHHH ceHaTCKOH BOeHHOH KOMHCCHH KneMaHCO, yxa-
3bIBaR Ha JIHqffYIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh BpHaHa B 3TOM .n:ene,
rp03HJ1 eMy BOeHHhIM cy.n:oM. ((.${ 3TY OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh
npHHHMalO», - OTBeTHJI xpaTKO rJiaBa npaBHTeJihCTBa.
QqeHb B03MO)l(H0, qTo OH H nonaJI 6bI no.n: cy.n:, ecJIH 6hI
BOHHa KOHqHJiaCb HHaqe.
BpHaHy He cy)l(,n:eHo 6b1no, o.n:Haxo, oCTaThcsi y BJiaCTH
.n:o KOHIJ,a BOHHhI. OH «nan» Bee Ha TOM )l(e Bonpoce
B3aHMOOTHorneHHR rpa)l(,n:aHCKHX H BOeHHhIX BJiacTeii. B
MapTe 1917 ro.n:a BOeHHhIH MHHHCTp ero xa6HHeTa, reHe-
paJI JlHOTe, Ha cexpeTHOM 3ace,n:aHHH naJiaThl OTKa3aJICSI
OTBeTHTh Ha HeKOTOphie BOilpOCbl .n:enyTaTOB, ,L(OBOJibHO
npo3paqHo HaMeKHyB, qTo BOeHHaR TaiiHa 6y,n:eT co6JilO-
.n:eHa nyqrne, eCJIH B Hee He IIOCBRIIlaTh HeCKOJihKO COT
qenoBeK. 3asiBJieHHe reHepana, ero pe3xuit TOH xpaiiHe
ocxop6HJIH nanaTy. Yxo.n: J1HoTe noBnex Ja co6oit OTCTaB-
xy Bcero npaBHTeJihCTBa.

443
 VI.
,Zl;JISI Ep1rnHa HacTynHJIH rO,llhI TSl)!(eJioro 6e3,lleHCT-
BHSI. OH CTaJI qeM-To spo,lle rpa)!(,llaHcKoro )l(o<}l<}lpa, -
pOJib OT,llaJieHHOrO no020m06Ume!lR no6e,llbl He TaK y)!(
6naro,llapHa. KneMaHco c 1918 ro,lla Haxo,llHJIC.SI Ha sep-
rmrne cnaBhI, - npH HeM EpHaH 6oJihUie HH Ha qTo
paccqHTbIBaTb He MOr. Ilepe,ll HaqaJIOM MHpHbIX nepero-
BOpOB MHOrHe ra3eTbl ,llOBOJibHO HaCTOHqHBO HaMeKaJIH,
qTo He MeUiaJIO 6hI BKmoqHTb B qffCJIO <}lpaHIJ,y3CKHX
npe,llCTaBHTeJieH Ha KoH<}lepeHI_\HH MHpa TaKoro TOHKOro
,llHnJioMaTa, KaK EpHaH. KneMaHco He xoTeJI 06 3TOM H
CJihIUiaTh. BoKpyr EpHaHa 06pa3osancS1 xono,lloK: TOr,lla
TO)l(e roBOpHJIH, qTo OH KOHqeH. Ey.llyll.\ee B caMOM ,lleJie
npe,llcTaBJISIJIOCh MpaqHhIM: see npe,llnonaranH, qTo c
YXO.llOM nyaHKape KJieMaHCO CTaHeT npe3H,lleHTOM pec-
ny6JIHKH.
B napH)l(e B 1920 ro,lly XO,llHJI 3a6aBHblH paccKa3,
6y.llTO KneMaHco He3a,lloJiro AO BbI6opoB cKa3aJI c Ha-
CMeUIKOH 0,l(HOMY H3 ,llenyTaTOB: «IlO)l(aJiyifcTa, nepe,llaif-
Te EpHaHy, qTo Tenepb OH MO)l(eT ceMh neT 6eraTh no
TpoTyapy nepe,ll EnHceifcKHM .llBOpQoM, - SI ero K BJiaCTH
He npH3oBy». EpHaH 6y.llTO 6h1 n1-06e3HO OTBeTHJI: «Ile-
peAaifTe, no)!(aJiyifcTa, KneMaHco, qTo SI oqeHh 6naro-
,llap1-0 3a npe,llynpe)l(,lleHHe H nocTapa1-0cb He nponycTHTh
ero B EnHceikKHif .llBOpeQ».
06a OHM 6hIJIH BeJIHqalilllHMH 3HaTOKaMH ,l(eJia npe3H-
,lleHTCKHX Bh16opos. KJieMaHco B TeqeHHe HeCKOJihKHx ,lle-
CSITHJieTHH «,lleJiaJI» npe3H,lleHTOB pecny6JIHKH, KaK rpa<}l
YopBHK «,lleJiaJI KopoJieli». Ho csoe nepsoe nopa)!(eHHe OH
noHec HMeHHO B 6oph6e c EpHaHoM B 1913 ro,lly: KJieMaH-
co oTcTaHBaJI KaH,llH,llaTypy IlaMca, a EpHaH npoBO.llHJI
nyaHKape. Tor,lla BeJiaCh ynopHaSI 3aKyJIHCHaSI 6opb6a.
Teneph «oTeQ CTo6e,llbI» poBHO HHqero He npe,llnpHHHMaJI,
BH,llHMO, ysepeHHbIH B TOM, qTo HHKTO He OCMeJIHTCSI
BhICTaBHTh npoTHB Hero cso1-0 KaH.llH.llaTypy. TaK, co6-
CTBeHHO, .llYMaJI H BeCb MHp. 0,llHH EpHaH He cqHTaJI
noJIO)l(eHHe 6e3Ha,lle)!(HhIM H ynopHo pa6oTaJI B Kynyapax.
y Hero 6bIJIH CBSl3H BO Bcex napTHSIX. ,ll;a)!(e COQHaJIHCTbl
HaqHHaJIH CJiaraTh rHeB Ha MHJIOCTh: c HX TOqKH 3peHHSI,
EpHaH 6hIJI IlJIOX, HO KneMaHCO 6bIJI ell.\e xy)!(e. nocJie
,llOJirHX COMHeHHH H yrosopoB IlOJib ,ll;elllaHeJih corJiaCHJI-
CSI nonhITaTh cqacTbSI B Bepcane. KoHcepBaTophI 3aKoJie-
6aJIHCh - KaK ronocoBaTh npoTHB ,ll;elllaHeJIS1? CoQHaJIH-
CThI npHUIJIH B socTopr - JIHlllh 6h1 nposaJIHTh KJieMaH-
444
co. B 'IMCTO crropTMBHOM OTHOIIIeHMM KaMrraHMH EpwaHa
rrpe,D;cTaBJIHJia co6oi1: Bepx coBeprneHCTBa, - o ee rro,D;po6-
HOCTHX roBOpMTb 6b!JIO 6b! ,ZJ;OJiro. PeJyJihTaT BCeM rraMH-
TeH: KJieMaHCO paCCBMperreJI, CHHJI CBOIO KaH,ZJ;M,ZJ;aTypy M
yexaJI OXOTMTbCH Ha THrpoB B 11H,ZJ;HIO.
B HHBape 1921 ro,ZJ;a EpMaHy 6bIJIO rropy11eHO COCTa-
BHTb Ka6MHeT. K «KOH'leHOMY 11eJI0BeKy» B He6hrnaJIOM
KOJIM'leCTBe ycTpeMMJIMCb KaH,ZJ;M,ZJ;aTbl B MMHMCTpbI. Ta-
Koro HailJibIBa KaH,ZJ;M,ZJ;aTOB He 3HaJI HM O,ZJ;HH rrpeMbep.
«CKOJibKO MX 6bIJIO, H He CKa)J(y: Bee paBHO MHe He
rroBepHT», - paccKa3hIBaeT EapTy: rrpweMHaH EpwaHa no
,ZJ;aBKe HarroMMHaJia CeH-Jla3apcKMH BOK3aJI.
C TOH rropbI EpwaH rro6MBaJI y BJiaCTM 011eHh MHoro
pa3. Ero ,ZJ;eHTeJibHOCTh rrocJie BOHHhI B 6oJihrnei1: MJIM
MeHhIIIeH Mepe CBH3aHa c M,ZJ;eei1: rrpHMHpeHHH Hapo,D;OB.
EpttaH 011eHb ,ZJ;oJiro rrporroBe,ZJ;OBaJI rpa)J(,ZJ;aHcKyIO BOHHy,
6b!JI rJiaBOH rrpaBMTeJibCTBa B rropy HeBI'1,ZJ;aHHoro B HC-
TOpMM Bep,D;eHCKOro KpOBOilpOJIMTHH, - OH HMeeT ,ZJ;O-
CTaTO'IHO OCHOBaHMH CJIY)J(HTb ,ZJ;eJiy BHyTpeHHero H Me)J(-
,ZJ;yHapO,D;HOro MHpa.

BepHT JIM OH, co CBOHM orpoMHhIM orrhITOM, B JlHry

HaQHH, B )J(MBy11ecTh .D:yxa JloKapHo, B 3Ha11eHHe ,ZJ;oroBopa
KeJIJiora? ,ll;yMaIO, 'ITO BepHT, - HO Bee )J(e He COBCeM TaK,
1<aK, HarrpHMep, JIOP.ZJ: Po6epT CecttJih. HeT H,ZJ;eoJiorn11ec-
KOH cpopMyJihl, K KOTOpOH EpMaH He ,ZJ;eJiaJI 6bl ,ZJ;eCHTM
rrpaKTH'leCKHX rronpaBoK. ToJihKO nonpaBKH 3TH OH 11acTo
,D;ep)J(MT rrpo ce6H, - 'ITO )J(e cpa3y BCeM ,ZJ;eJIHTbCH c
ny6JIHKoi1? EoJibIIIe Bcero OH BepHT, .ZJ:OJI)J(HO 6bITh, B
,ZJ;eHCTBHe BpeMemi:. EpHaH H K npHMHpeHHIO Hapo,D;oB
H,ZJ;eT ,ZJ;OBOJibHO IIOCTeneHHO: Bcero 3a TpH ro,ZJ;a ,ZJ;O JloKap-
HO OH C TpH6yHbl napJiaMeHTa rp03HJI «B3HTb repMaHMIO
3a IIIMBOpOT>>.
Bnpo11eM, OH H Tor,ZJ;a rneJI no ,D;opore B JloKapHo MJIH
OCTOpO)J(HO BCTyrraJI Ha 3TY ,D;Opory. B TO, 'ITO JIIO,ZJ;H
KOr,ZJ;a-HH6y.ZJ:h nepecTaHyT BOeBaTb, EpHaH BepHT rnep,D;o.
Mo)J(eT 6b!Th, 3TO CJIY'IMTCH 11epe3 cTo JieT (HJIH 11epe3
,ZJ;BeCTM), - OCHOBHaH JIHHHH nporpecca Bee )J(e HaMe'leHa.
Mo)J(eT 6b!Tb, OCHOBHaH JIMHHH CBepHeT Ky,ZJ;a-HH6y.ZJ:b B
cTopoHy, - 6e,ZJ;a He TaK BeJIHKa. EpHaH, HaBepHoe, He
y6e)J(,ZJ;eH, 'ITO B IIOJIHTHKe IIpHMaH JIHHHH eCTb KpaT'laH-
rnee paccTOHHHe Me)J(.ZJ:Y .D:BYMH TO'IKaMH. OH, B o6IQeM,
OilTMMMCT, O,ZJ;HaKO OilTHMH3MOM He 3JIOYIIOTpe6JIHeT.
BJrJIH.ZJ:bl ero MeHHJIHCh, HO MeTO.ZJ:bI He MeHHJIHCh HH-
KOr,ZJ;a. KyxHH JloKapHCKoro corJiarneHHH He TaK y)J( OT-

445
Jlff'laJiaeb OT KYXHH BbI6opOB ,[(ernauem1 HJIH OT KYXHH
eou.HaJIHeTH1IeeKHX KOHrpeeeoB. 0.UHH H3 cppauu.y3eKHX no-
JIHTH'leeKHX TeopeTHKOB .UOBOJlbHO enpaBe,UJIHBO 3aMe-
qaeT, 'ITO JloKapuo, noMHMO esoero 3Hatieum1 .um1 'leno-
seqeeTsa, npe,ueTaBm1eT eo6oH: ,uHnJioMaTH'leeKHH rne-
.uesp: ueMeIJ.KHe cpopMyJihI EpHaH 3anoJIHHJI cppauu.y3eKHM
eo.uep)l(aHHeM, H .uoeTHrHyTo :no 6b1JI0 B 6oph6e e yMHbIM
H OilblTHblM npOTHBHHKOM nyTeM 'IHeTeH:rnero bluffa -
yrpo30H: uosoro, Teeuoro soeHHoro eoJ03a Me)l(.uy <l>paH-
U.HeH: H AurJIHeH:, o KOTopoM B .ueH:eTBHTeJibHOeTH He
6bIJIO pe'IH.

VII.
}I HMeJI B03MO)l(HOeTb nw6osaTbeR pa6oToH: EpHaHa
Ha O.UHOM H3 eo6paHHH Cosern JlHrn Hau.MM: B 1925 ro.uy,
B «HeTOpHtieeKHH», no eJIOBaM HeKOTOpbIX BOeTOp)l(eHHblX
)l(ypHaJIHeTOB, .ueHb, Kor.ua pernaJieR KOHcpJIHKT Me)l(.uy
EonrapHeH H rpeu.HeH, Bbl3BaHHblH Ha6eroM 6aH,U Ha
6onrapeKyw TeppMTOpHlO. IlpMse.uy 3;::i;eeh 3anMeH, e.ue-
naHHhie MHOJO Tor.n:a no.u eBe)l(HM sne'laTJieHHeM :noro
3aee,uaHHR:
«3aJI («Salon de l'Horloge»)° B IlRTb OKOH, BbieTJiaH-
HblH xpaeHhlM KOBpOM, o6HTblH KpaeHblM aTJiaeOM, yeTaB-
JieHHblH xpaeHhIMH LI;HBaHaMH. OrpoMHhIH xaMHH. B ero
opHaMeHT s.uenaHhI qaeh1, .uaJOIIJ.He Ha3BaHHe 3aJiy. Ilpo-
THB KaMHHa eTOJI. y eTOJia PR.U 60JibllIHX xpeeeJI .UJIR
ey.ueH: H .usa noMeHhllie MR no.uey,uHMbIX. ,[(pyroH: eTOJI
MR eTeHorpacpoB: MHpRT nOJirapHlO e rpeu.HeH, - HH
O.UHO eJIOBO H3 Toro, 'ITO 3,Ueeb 6y,ueT eKa3aHO, He .UOJI)l(HO
nponaeTb .UJIR HeTopHH.
3.ueeb see HeTopH'leexoe. CanoH HeTopH'leexHH:. CTOJI
HeTOpH'leeKHH. lfaehI HeTOpH'leeKHe. B 3TOM eaJIOHe, 3a
3THM eTOJIOM, eH.USI B 3THX xpeeJiax no.u 6oH: 3THX qaeoB,
KneMaHeo, BHJibeoH H Jlnoii.u ,[()l(op.u)I( Bb1pa6aTb1BaJIH
OKOH'laTeJihHYJO pe.uaxu.Hw yenoBHH BepeanheKoro seq-
uoro MHpa.
rsap,ueHIJ.bl B MYH.UHpax. JlaKeH BO cppaKax. ,[(aMhl B
Mexax. ,[(aM o'leHb MHoro, - see qpe3BbI'laH:uo :meraHTHhI
lf B 6oJibllIHHeTne qpe3BhI'laiiHo HeKpaeHBhI. YtiaCTHe B
nau.HcpHeTeKHX KOHrpeeeax - noeJie,UHee eJIOBO MO.Ubl.

' «4acoeoii canoH» (,Pp.).

446
 Mo,lJ,a, 'ITO roBopMTb, n1:>Kena», Ho 6brnanu BpeMeHa u
noxy:>Ke: ,lJ,Ba,lJ,1.1,aTb neT TOMY Ha3a)J, 6b1no, HanpuMep,
o6»3aTeJibHO cnyrnaTh B «College de France» neKIJ,HM
BeprcoHa o nJIOTMHOBOM MMponoHMMaHMM. K KpauHeMy
pa3,l1,pa:>KeHMIO 3HaMeHMToro cpunococpa, ay,lJ,MTopn» ero
noxo,lJ,MJia B TOT ro)J, Ha five o'clock y Pu1.1,a.
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ceKpeTapu - no3a.UH cTona. Ho Jace.uaHHe eme He Ha'IH-
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6blcTpOTOIO» (no He COBCeM nOH»THOMy, HO ynoTpe6H-
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cnaHHHK KapaMaHoc, c BR.UY o'leHb THXeHbKHH H 3acTeH-
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MapKa: OH BOnnomaeT HMnepHaJIM3M, MliJIHTapH3M, 6po-
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pa», K HeC'laCTblO .UJI» IJ,HBHJIH3aIJ,Hli, nocTaBHJia ce6»
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KaK B co6cTBeHHOH ceMbe BH,UaBlIIHH .upyrHX HMnepuaJIH-
447
CTOB, c ycMeIIIKOH IlMIIJeT KapaH.L(aIIJOM 3anMCO'IKY M ne-
pe.naeT ee CBOeMy coce.ny C3py 3pMKY ,[(pyMMOHJJ:y, TOT
'IMTaeT' HM3KO npMrM6aeT rOJIOBY K CTOJIY M pBeT 3anMCKY
Ha MeJIKMe KyCO'IKM.
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M B.no6aBOK coBepIIIeHHO He .no rpexo-6oJirapcxoro npM-
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448
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15-5311
449
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pa.n.ocTb. TBep.n.hIHR MHJIHTapH3Ma nana. BpoHupoBaH-
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6onhrnyro B3BOJIHOBaHHYIO pe'lb, c MOll.YJISII~HHMH ronoca
u c npu.n.aTO'IHhIMH npe.n.Jio)KeHHRMH. OH ucnhIThrnaeT
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06e BbICOKHe CTOpOHbl cornaCHJIHCb yna.n.HTb MHpOJII06H-
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table»).
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3aKOH'IHTbCR. Ha 6e.n.y qeM6epneH Tpe6yeT cnoBa H B
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no.n.eJIHThCR CBOeM pa.n.OCTblO, a paBHO H pa.n.OCTblO CBOHX
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6pocaeTCR Ha BpHaHa ...

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pa330JIO'leHHhie cppa3bI BpHaHa! TeMHoil: HO'lhIO Boopy-
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450
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rpeqecKHH nocJiaHHHK, cJiyruaS1 yKopH3HeHHhIH panopT
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qecKoMy IlOCJiaHHHKY BCilOMHHaTb TO, qero BCilOMHHaTb
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VIII.
OKoJio qeTaepTH BeKa TOMY ua3a.11. nHcaTeJih IloJih
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1s••
451
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6bIJia OllHCaHa Hapy)l(HOCTb <PaHaTHKa, ero KpomeqHa.H
MOHMapTpCKaH KeJibH, Ha CTeHe KOTOpOH BHCena JIHTO-
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Brra.n;aTb H B rrpOTHBOllOJIO)l(HYIO KpaHHOCTb. EpnaH MHO-
roMy HayqnncR y iKH3HH. Xopomo nn OH BocrrpHHRn ee
ypoKH - .n;pyroii n cnoiKHbIH Bonpoc. On, oqeBn.n;Ho,
rrpnmen K MblCJIH, qTo B llOJIHTHKe Mope 3aiKeqb HeJib3H,
HO c.nenaTb c IlOJib30H ,ll;JIH JIJO.[(eH MOiKHO BCe-TaKH HeMa-
no: MOiKHO H B Ollll03HLl,HH, H y BJiaCTH, o,nHaKO y BJiaCTH
ropa3.n;o nerqe, qeM B onrro3HUHH.
113 3THX Mbicneii OH nopoJO .nenan cnopHbie nnqnble
BbIBO.D;bl. TaneH:paH Mor cKa3aTb c rronHbIM rrpaBoM: «Bee
IlOJIHTHqecKHe peiKHMbl, KOTOpbIM .ff cnyiKHJI, rronyqnJIH OT
MeH.H ropa3,no 6onhme Toro, qTo OHH MHe .nanm>. EpnaH
CJIY)l(HJI TOJibKO pecny6nnKaHCKOMY CTpOIO, HO B pa3HblX
061.LJ,eCTBeHHblX rpyrrrrax, H KaiK.[(OH H3 HHX OH .nan, KOHe'i-
HO, 6onhme, qeM OT nee rronyqnn. Ero 3acnyrn rrepe.n;
<l>paHuneH HeCOMHeHHO BeJIHKH.
0TpnuaTeJibHaH CTOpOHa ero .n;e.HTeJibHOCTH, 6bITb MO-
)l(eT, 3aKJIJOqaeTCH B TOM, qTo, KaK MHorne rocy.napCTBeH-
Hbie JIIO,ll;H EBpOilbl, OH .no H3BeCTHOH CTerreHH CTaJI
cnopTCMeHOM. MeTO,ll;bl, KOTOpbie OH rrpnMeH.HeT H KOTO-
pbIM oTqacTH o6H3aH CBOHMH ycnexaMH, npncyI.LJ,H IlOJIH-
THqecKOH 6opb6e H, IlO-BH.[(HMOMy, OT Hee HeOT.[(eJIHMbl
BO Bcex cTpaHax, rrpn nJ06oM rocy.napcTBeHHOM cTpoe (B
CTpaHax rrapnaMeHTCKHX OHH TOJibKO pe3qe 6pocaJOTCH B

' 3Mepcoe Pa.ml> Yon.no (1803-1882) - aMepmcaHCKHii cl>wmcocl> H nHca-

TCJJb. - llpuM. pei>.

452
 rna3a). Ho Kor;::i:a MeTOLJ:bI 3TH npno6peTaIOT caMOCTOH-
TeJihHYIO QeHHOCTh, nonHTHKa npenpaII\aeTcsi: B yTon11eu-
HYIO cpopMy cnopTa. HyJirno MHoro yMa, HCKYCCTBa, 3Hep-
rHH ;::i:nsi: Toro, 11T06h1 cBaJIHTh ;::i:ecS!Th MHHHCTepcTB. He-
o6xo;::i:HMhI eme 6onee BhILJ:aIOII(Hecsi: ;::i:aponaHHH, 11To6b1
;::i:ecsi:Th MHHHCTepcTB cocTaBHTb. O;::i:HaKo 3aMeHa o;::i:uoro
npaBHTeJihCTBa ;::i:pyrHM c npH6JIH3HTeJihHO TaKOH )l(e npo-
rpaMMOH npe;::i:cTaBJIHeT co6oH: 'IHCTO cnopTHBHOe ;::i:eHCT-
BHe, - npan;::i:a, 11pe3Bb111aH:uo HHTepecHoe: H3 ncex BHLJ:OB
cnopTa 3TOT, BepOHTHO, uan6onee 3aHHMaTeJieH. lloKOH-
HbIH .ll:)l(OJIHTTH 6hIJI no npeHMyll(eCTBY cnopTCMeHOM B
IlOJIHTHKe. rnaL(CTOH, )Kopec, llyaHKape (Ha3hIBaIO JIIOL(eH
pa3HbIX napTHH) BilOJIHe ycTOHJIH OT 3Toro co6Jia3Ha, H B
HCTOpH'leCKOM C'leTe HMeHHO HX pOJib OKa3hIBaeTCH HaH-
6onee Bhrn:rphIIIInoH:. B Epnaue npenocxo;::i:HhIH cnopTcMeH
CJIHBaeTCH c HL(eHHbIM nOJIHTHKOM TeCHee, 11eM B KOM 6bI
TO UH 6bIJIO ;::i:pyroM H3 60JibllIHX rocy;::i:apCTBeHHbIX JIIO-
;::i:eH:. OcHOBHaH MhICJih ero npaBHTeJibCTBeHHOH ;::i:esi:TeJlh-
HOCTH, OT llepnre AO JloKapHO, CBOL(HTCH K ynpo11eHHIO
MHpa. Ho, 6bITb MO)l(eT, OL(HOH '.HOH HL(eH He COBCeM
L(OCTaTO'IHO.
3aTo B 'IHCTO npocpeccHoHaJlhHOM OTHOIIIeHHH TPYAHO
yKa3aTb B HacTosi:mee npeMsi: 6onee o;::i:apeHHoro 11enoneKa,
11eM BpHaH. B ero JlHQe HCTopm1 ;::i:ana nechMa conepIIIeH-
HhIH o6pa3eQ noJIHTH11ecKoH: cHpeHhI. Bee cKa3aHo o ero
yMe, TaKTe, ;::i:nnnoMaTu11ecKoM ucKyccTBe. KaK opaTop,
OH B uacTosi:mee npeMsi: He HMeeT ce6e paBHhIX. KTo He
CJihIIIIan Epuaua, TOT 3Toro He noH:MeT: B 11TeHHH ero pe11u
TepSIIOT TaK )l(e MHOro, KaK BbIHrpbIBaIOT B 'ITeHHH pe11H
llyaHKape. BoraTCTBO ;::i:ono;::i:on, 6necTsi:ll(asi: cpopMa, CTHJlh
He HY)l(HbI EpHaHy; OH yMeeT no;::i:aTh JII06oe o6mee MeCTo,
oIIIenoMHB HM ayLJ:HTOpHIO, To11uo OTKpoBeHHeM. Ero ro-
nocy MOrJIH 6bI no3aBHL(OBaTb JlY'IIIIHe eBponeHCKUe aK-
TepbI. y L(HBHTeJihHee Bcero TO, 'ITO roBopHTb OH He JII0-
6HT - BeJIU'laHIIIaSI pe;::i:KOCTb cpe;::i:u IlOL(JIHHHbIX opaTO-
poB. llo xpanHen Mepe, ;::i:py3hH EpuaHa mo6pa)l{aIOT ero
11eJIOBeKOM L(OBOJibHO MOJI'laJlUBhIM. llpoHCXOL(HT 3TO, KO-
He'IHO, He OT rop;::i:OCTH H He OT npe3peHHH K ay;::i:uTopHu;
xor;::i:a HY)l(HO, on Me'leT 6ucep nepe;::i: KeM yro;::i:Ho. Ho
TOJlhKO xor;::i:a HY)l(HO.
OT JIIO;::i:eu OH MHororo He Tpe6yeT u 11pe3Bb111aH:uo K
HUM CHHCXOL(HTeJleH. ~ CJibilllaJl He;::i:aBHO (3a L(OCTOBep-
HOCTb HHKaK He py11aIOCb), 'ITO BpHaH COBeTOBaJl 3aMHTh
(co6pan HY)l(Hbie ;::i:eHhrH) cxaH;::i:an, CBH3aHHhIH c nMeHeM
KnoQa. 3ToMy 6y;::i:To 6h1 KaTeropu11ecxu BocnpoTHBHJICH

453
IlyaHKape. Ecm1 paccKa3 BepeH, TO OH xapaKTepeH ,n;JUI
o6oMx rocy.n;apcTBeHHhIX mo.n;eif. .[(eno, xoHeqHo, He B
mrqHoif qecTHOCTM. BceM H3BecTHa 6eJyKopH3HeHHaSI qe-
CTHOCTb H menenIJibHOCTb IlyaHKape; O,D;HaKO H EpHaH B
3TOM OTHOllieHMH qeJIOBeK BilOJIHe 6e3ynpeqHbIH . .[(eno H
He B HX JIHqHbIX OTHOllieHHSIX c KJIOI_\OM, - OTHOllieHHSI
6hIJIH, no-BH,ll;HMOMy, xopornMe y o60HX .[(eno MMeHHO B 0
•

pa3HOM noHMMaHMH rocy.n;apcTBeHHoro npecTmKa M B pa3-

HOM BocnpHSITHM qenoBeqecKMX ena6oeTeif. OT IlyaHKape
Bee JaenoHMJia no,n;nMeb Knou;a Ha <iJanbllIMBOM qeKe; EpM-
aH noMHHJI eme M o TOH )Ke no,n;nMeH no.n; BepeanheKHM
.n;oroBopoM. KTo npaB, .SI ey,n;HTb He 6epych. Ho 6naro-
,n;yrnHo-eHMexo.n;MTeJihHOe eo3HaHHe: «Bee Mbl JUO,ll;H, Bee
qenoBeKH» - qepTa, BeehMa xapaKTepHaSI .n;JISI EpHaHa.
OqeH1> OH MHoro BM,n;en, M HJiqeM ero He YMBHllih. TaK JIM
y)I( BepHo, qTo JIJO,n;H qepeTBeJOT B noJIMTHKe? Eon1>ruoif
)l(HJHeHHhIH onbIT K pa3HOMY npMBO,D;HT pa3HhIX yMH1>1x
JIJO,n;eif. B OTJIHqHe OT KneMaHeo, EpHaH oeTane.SI npMBeT-
JIHBhIM H 6naro)l(eJiaTeJI1>HbIM qenoBeKoM. EMy o,n;HHaKo-
BO qy)l(,n;1>1 M MH3aHTponMSI, M qpe3MepHa.SI rop.n;oeTb. OH
eaM KaK-TO o ee6e eKa3aJI: «Oh, j'ai tellement et de si pres
a
ete mele la vie, j'ai tant et de si pres eonnu les hommes,
du haut de l'eehelle jusqu'en bas, que je ne erois avoir
aueun parti pris ... » ••

• 6pHlUI H Knon 6blJIH B 1913 ['. ceKyimaHTaMH IlyaHKape Bero HCCOCTOllB-

weiicll ny3JIH c KneMauco.
.. «CaM JI 6blJI HaCTOJlbKO H TaK 6JJH3KO CBll3aH c lKH3!1l>IO, TaK 6JIH3KO H
HaCTOJlbKO xopowo 3HaJJ JllO.Qeii, OT caMblX eepxoe .QO caMblX HH30B, '!TO, KaK MHC
KalKCTCll, JI JIHWCH BCJIKHX npe.QB3llTOCTeii ••• » (flip.)

454
Леон Блюм
 JiJIIOM

I.
B 3aJie r10ureHca Ha COIJ;JiaJIMCTFl'IeCKOM KOHrpecce.
«MHTepHaIJ;MOHaJI» neJIM .n;Ba pa3a. IleJIM He CJIHIIIKOM
xopOIIIO. «MHTepHaIJ;HOHam> pe.n;KO xopOIIIO JJOIOT - MO-
JKeT 6h1Tb, JJOTOMy, qTO HMKTO He 3HaeT CJIOB, KpOMe
nepBoro KynneTa. B Poccww Bee TBep.n;o noMHMJIM: «3To
6y.n;eT nocne.n;HMH ... » Eonee co3HaTeJihHbie 3HaJIM eme, qTo
«HMKTO He .n;acT HaM M36aBJieHbSI, HM Eor, HM u;apb M HH
repoii» ... 3aTeM Bble3JKaJIH Ha 3HTY3Ha3Me. HeMHOfHM
.n;aJibllle w.n;yT, JJO-BM,lJ;HMOMy, JJ03HaHHSI <f>paHu;y3oB: MOH
coce.n;H Bee 6oJihIIIe B03BpamanHCb K «C'est la lut-te fi-
na-le ... », TaK qTo XOTeJIOCb cnpoCHTb: «3To Mbl CJibIIIIaJIH,
ny a .n;aJibIIIe qTo?»
IleJIH, KaJKeTCSI, .n;pyJKHO, - .n;aJKe HHbie 6ypJKya3Hbie
iKypHaJIHCTbl 00,lJ;TSlrHBaJIH. <l>paHIJ;Y3CKHe iKypHaJIMCTbl
Boo6me, a JJOJIHTlfqecKHe B qacTHOCTH - caMbie CKen-
TMqecKHe JIIO,D;H Ha CBeTe, HlfqeM HX He y.n;HBHIIIb: «MH-
TepHau;MoHam> TaK «MHTepHaIJ;HOHaJI», fMMH <f>aIIIHCTOB
TaK fHMH <f>aIIIMCTOB. Ilena H MHOCTpaHIIa51 npecca, -
KaJKeTCSI, TOJibKO SI B Heu M He neJI. 51 npMHa,n;JieiKy K O,D;HOH
M3 BeCbMa neMHOroqHcJieHHbIX B MMpe cou;HaJIMCTMqecKMX
napTMH, KOTOpbie HM B KaKOH MHTepHau;MOHaJI He BXO,l1;51T
M He BMeHSIIOT CBOMM qJieHaM B 06S13aHHOCTb neTb c 3H-
TY3Ma3MOM rMMH 3JKeHa IloTbe. He Mory CKa3aTb, qTo6 SI
06 3TOM coJKaJieJI, oco6eHHO c Tex nop KaK «MHTepHau;wo-
Ham> cTaJI o<f>wu;wanbHhIM rHMHOM CCCP. l>brnaIOT ae.n;b
Hey.n;o6Hble JJOJIOiKeHM51. 0.n;MH BeCbMa BM,lJ;HbIH cou;wa-
JIHCT-peBOJIIOIJ;HOHep •• He.n;aBHO MHe paCCKa3bIBaJI, KaK B
TparwqecKMH .n;eHb pa3r0Ha Yqpe.n;wTeJihHoro Co6paHMS1, B
.n;eHb KpyIIIeHMSI MeqTbl .n;eC51TKa IlOKOJieHMH, «MHTepHa-
IJ;MOHaJI» neJIM o6e CTOpOHbI: M pa3fOHSIBIIIMe, M pa3fOHSl-
eMbie. BechMa aepOSITHO, qTo B TOT .n;eHh B TaapwqecKoM
.n;Bopu;e cou;HaJIMCTbI-peBOJIIOIJ;HOHepbI neJIM c HeHaBMCTblO
M c oTqaSIHMeM B .n;yIIIe. 0.n;HaKO neJIM .

• Pe'lb H,QCT 0 4>paHl.\Y3CKOM COl.\llaJIHCTH'lecKOM KOHrpecce 1927 r•

•• M. B. BHWHllK.

457
 HeT, noJIO)KHTeJibHO nopa BTopoMy l1HTepHaI.U10Ha-
ny' TBep.n:o CTaBIIIeMy Ha nyTb peqJOpMbI, o63aBeCTHCb
HOBbIM rHMHOM. EcnH 6h1 eme 6bIJIH npH'IHHbI oco6eHHO
.n;opo)KHTb neceHKOH IloTbe... MHe He pa3 npHxo.n;HJIOCh
CJibllllaTb, 6y.n;To «11HTepHaQHOHaJI» neJIH paccTpenHBa-
eMhie KOMMyHapbI. 3TO 'fHCTa.sI cpaHTa3H.sI: IlOTbe HanHCaJI
CBOH rHMH y)Ke nocne pa3rpoMa BOCCTaHH.sI, nepe.n: caMhIM
OT'be3L(OM B JlOHL(OH. Ilo.sIBJieHHe «11HTepHaQHOHaJia»
nponmo COBeprneHHO He3aMe'feHHbIM. .LJ:a H TO CKa3aTb:
KpaCOTOH H CHJIOH Bbipa)KeHHH OH OTHIOL(b He 6nemeT -
KaK, BnpoqeM, 60JibllIHHCTBO rHMHOB. 3)KeH IloTbe 6hIJI,
o.n;HaKo, qenoBeK He 6e3.n;apHbIH. )1(10nb Bannec cpaBHHBan
ero C BHKTOpOM r10ro, - He 6onee H He MeHee TOrO. 3TO
cpaBHeHRe HaCTOJibKO CMellIHO, 'ITO ero HeJib3.sI Ha3BaTb
6eccTbIL(HhIM. Ho HeKOTOpbIH no3TH'fecxnii TanaHT y Ilo-
Tbe HeCOMHeHHO 6bIJI. )l(anb, 'ITO RMeHHO B «11HTepHaQH-
OHaJie» ero TanaHT HHKaK He oTpa3nnc.si. CKa)KeM npaB.n;y:
Harn co6cTBeHHhIH ,[(eMb.sIH Ee,fiHbIH MHoro nyqrne nHrneT
Ha TeMy «IlonHJIH Harneii KpOBYllIKH».. IlOTbe, qeJIOBeK
O'feHb 'feCTHblH H nop.si.n;O'fHbIH, He 6JIHCTaJI, IlO-BHL(HMOMy,
yMoM. OH y6e)K.n:an, HanpHMep, )KeHIUHH He oT.n;aBaThC.sI
TeM MY)K'fHHaM, KOTOpbie He 3a.sIB.sIT ce6.si CTOpOHHRKaMR
HL(eH Bceo6mero MHpa, COBeTOBaJI JIHllIHTb RX, IlOKa He
o6pa3yM.sITC.sI, «npaBa Ha 'IlOQenym>. <l>paHUY3CKYIO peBO-
JIIOQHl-0 OH JII06HJI CTOJib rop.siqo, 'ITO no.n: CBOHMH CTHXO-
TBOpeHH.sIMH CTaBHJI .n;aTbl peBOJIIOQHOHHOro xaneH.n;ap.si.
Tax, ero CTHXH, nocBS1IUeHHh1e B TennhIX Bb1pa)KeHHS1X
HanoneoHy (0 bandit de la grande espece, Viens, for9at,
qu'on te reboulonne .....), noMetfeHbI 6p101vtepoM 91-20 (T.e.
1883) ro.n;a. Ho eme 6onee He)KHO, 'feM Ty, .n;aBHO MHHYB-
rny10, peBOJIIOQHl-0, IlOTbe JII06HJI peBOJIIOQHl-0 6y.n:y-
my10, coQHaJihHy10, KOMMYHRCTH'fecxy10. OH B03BeCTRJI ee
npHXOL( B XHTpO COCTaBJieHHbIX BHprnax c OKOH'faHHeM Ha
elle: «C'est elle! C'est elle! C'est elle! La Belle! La Rebelle!
La vie apleine mamelle, Elle appelle!>>*** H T . .n;. «T. .n;.»
3.n;ecb L(OBOJibHO L(JIHHHOe, H Mbl Jllllllb B KOHQe BTOporo
xynneTa Y3HaeM, 'ITO «ona» H ecTh KOMMYHHCTH'fecxaS1
peBOJIIOQRSI ... 3)KeH IloThe .n:o Hee Tax H He .LJ:O)KHJI. B
Ka'feCTBe L(O)KHBllIHX O'feBH,[{QeB Mbl MO)KeM c IlOJIHblM
3HaHReM .n;ena 3acBn.n;eTeJibCTBOBaTh: «C'est elle! C'est elle!
• BblpallCeHHe 3TO, KCTaTH CKll33Tb, IlO'ITH 6yKBaJibHO 33HMCTBOB3HO H3 «11H-
TepHaUHOHaJJa».
.. 0 eenHKHH 6aH,nHT' npH,nH, 'IT06bl Te6ll CHOBa 3aJCOBaJJH, KaK KaTOpllCHHKa •••
(!PP,).
«BOT oea! BoT oea! BoT oea! KpacaeHila! 6yeTOBIUHUa! Iloneall llCH3HH, oHa
30BeT Hae!» ( ifjp.)

458
C'est elle! La Belle! La Rebelle!..» Otta, rony6ynnca ...
Ha KOHrpecce HacTpoemi:e 6h1no MHpomo6Jrnoe, u
rpo3Hb1e suprnu IloTbe 3By'lanu He cnurnxoM sttyrnnTeJib-
HO. rnMH rpo3HT «B cnyqae 'lero» rrepecTpem1Tb rettepa-
nos, - 8 3aJie r10iireHCa He 6bIJIO HH 0,[{HOfO rettepana.
rnMH pa306Jia'laeT «KoprnyHOB» H «HCTpe60B» KaIIHTa-
JIH3Ma, - KoprnyHbl H HCTpe6bl TO)l(e He CJieTeJIHCb 8 3any
col(uanncTH'lecxoro KOHrpecca. Oco6emrn ,n:ocTaeTcsi B
«11HTepHal(HOHaJie» rrpHHl(aM yrJIH H )l(eJie3HOH ,n:oporu, -
6oJiblllOH 6e,n:b1 orrsiTb-TaKH HeT. BoT ecn:u 6 IloThe y,n:e-
JIHJI CTHI1IOK npHHl(aM rnenKa, :no MOfJIO 6bl 6bITb He-
rrpHHTHO rnase KOHrpecc:ucTos: JleoH En10M - chm <Pa6-
p:uKaHTa rneJIKOBbIX JieHT.

II.
.51 3TO rosop10 OTHIO,[{b He 8 yxop 80)1(,[{IO <PpaHl(Y3CKOH
col(:uanucT:n'lecKoii rrapTHH. Bee penHrno3Hbie y'leH:HH
BKJIIO'laIOT 8 ce6si KaTeropH'leCKHe HMnepaTHBbl, co6n10-
,n:eHHe KOTOpbIX He nerKO ,n:aeTCSI JIIO,[{HM. 0THOCHTeJibHO
JlH'IHOfO 6oraTCTBa eCTb ,[{OBOJibHO onpe,n:eneHHbie yKa3a-
HHH He 8 0,[{HOH TOJlbKO ,[{OKTpHHe COl(HaJIHCTOB. 0,n:HaKO
pacXO)l(,[{CHHe )l(H3HH c ,[{OKTpHHOH 'lame scero BMeHHeTCH
B BHHY HMeHHO COl(HaJIHCTaM: «Col(HaJIHCT En10M - MHJI-
nuottep!..» «COl(HaJIHCT Ilonb EoHKYP - MHJIJIHOHep!. .» -
'ITO )KC c Toro? HH'lero He,n:ocToiiHoro OHM He c,n:enanu MH
npHo6peTettusi 6oraTCTBa. nhIJIO 6h1, pa3yMeeTcsi, npexpa-
CHO, eCJIH 6hI OHM pa3,n:anu CBOe HMyl.l(eCTBO 6e,n:HbIM. Ho
6hIJ10 6hI TaK)l(e He,n:ypHO, eCJIH 6h1 JlJIOH,[{ .n:)l(op,n:)I(,
PoTrnHJih,n:, MycconHHH H Mycrn<Pa-KeManh npHsenu
CBOIO )l(H3Hb 8 IlOJIHOe COOTBCTCTBHC c npaBHJiaMH HC-
nose,n:yeMbIX HMM peJIHrHH . .51 yrroMHHaIO 0 6oraTCTBC
JleoHa En10Ma, Tax KaK H3 necHH cnosa He BhIKHHernh; a
3TO CJIOBO, 8 'laCTHOCTH, HMeeT 8 necHe HCKOTOpoe 3Ha'le-
HHe. )l{nJHb En10Ma HenoHHTHa 6e3 ero 6oraTCTBa. B
0,[{HOH H3 CBOHX KHHf, OTMC'laSI oco6eHHYIO JII060Bb IloJIH
Eyp)l(e K on:ucaHHIO pocxornHhIX TyaneToB, En10M CHHC-
xo,n:HTCJibHO o6'bSICHHCT MaJICHbKYIO cna60CTb 3HaMCHHTO-
ro poMaHHCTa TeM, 'ITO Eyp)l(e, po,n:nsrnniicsi B 6e,n:HocTH,
cnnrnxoM rro3,n:Ho no3Han pocxornh. CaM En10M po,n:HncR
8 pOCKOlliH H C IOHOI1ICCKHX JICT HMCJI 803MO)l(HOCTb
ycTpa:uBaTb CBOIO )l(H3Hb IlO-CBOeMy.
Ero rron:nTH'ICCKasi Kapbepa qpe3BhI'laiiHo csoeo6pa3-
459
Ha. Teneph OH npH3HaHHhIH nrnBa 6oJihmoii <Ppam~y3cKoii
napTHH, KaH,UH,UaT B npeMhepbl H BH,UHeHWHH qeJIOBeK B
MeiK,nyHapo,nHoM coQHaJIHCTuqecxoM MHpe. Ho JieT ,nBe-
Ha,nQaTh TOMY Ha3a,U ero B nOJIHTHqecKHX Kpyrax He 3HaJI
pemHTeJibHO HHKTO. 3HaJIH ero B TY nopy TeopeTHKH
npaBa. JleoH BmoM cquTaJICH O.UHHM H3 TOHqaiimux wpu-
CTOB rocy,napCTBeHHOrO COBeTa, B KOTOpOM COCTOHJI Ha
cJiyiK6e: HeKOTOpbie ero pemeHHH BOWJIH B YHHBepCHTeTC-
KHe Kypcb1·. A ew;e paHhme, JieT ,nBa,nQaTb nHTh TOMY
Ha3a,n, oJIJOM HMeJI TO)J(e BeCbMa noqeTHYJO H3BeCTHOCTh
B Kpyrax <PpaHQY3CKHX nucaTeJieH, .npaMaTuqeCKHX KpHTH-
KOB H 3CCeHCTOB. c
JIHTepaTypbl OH HaqaJI iKH3Hb, -
JIHTepaTypoii, BepHo, ee u xonquT. B cBoe BpeMH eMy
npe,ncKa3hIBaJIH 6JieCTHl.IJ;YFO JIHTepaTypHyFO xaphepy. He-
KOTOpb1e KHHrH bJIJOMa ,neMCTBHTeJibHO oqenb He,nypHbl.
CaM on JiyqmuM CBOHM npou3Be,neHueM cquTaeT «HOBhie
pa3rOBOpbl rere C 3KKepMaHOM». 3aMbICeJI 3TOM KHHrH,
BhIWe,nmeH 6e3 HMeHH aBTOpa, OpHrHHaJieH: reTe, nepeHe-
CeHHhlH B KOHeQ XIX CTOJieTHH, Be,neT c 3KKepManoM
6ece,nhI o pa3HhIX co6hlTHHX 1895-1900 ro,noB. HeJih3H ne
CKa3aTh, CMeJihIH nJiaH: Ha npOTHiKeHHH 300 CTpaHHQ
BKJia,UhIBaTh CBOH C06CTBeHHhie MbICJIH B ycTa reTe! fipH
HeCOMHeHHOM 6JieCKe KHHrH OHa HeCKOJihKO pa3,npaiKaeT.
reTe rOBOpHT 06 oqeHb MHOrOM: 0 JleoHe )l;o,ne, 0 )J{fOJie
re.ne, 0 MHJibepaHe, 0 ,D,eJie ,[(peii<Pyca, 0 nhecax Cap,ny, 0
paccKa3ax )J(aHHhI MapHu. BepoHTHo, He y o,nHoro H3
quTaTeJieH HBJIHJiaCh MhICJih, 'ITO KOe 0 'IeM H3 3TOfO reTe
He CTaJI 6hI BOBCe pa3rOBapuBaTh H 'ITO Jiyqme 6bIJIO 6bI
nJIFOMY roBopHTh 3a nJIJOMa, - 3alJeM iKe nOJih30BaThC}!
CTOJih Hey.no6HhIM nceB,D,OHHMOM? Ha .D.OJifO 3TOM KHHrH
Bhman myMHhIH ycnex. MHe npuxo.nwnoch CJihlmaTh, 'ITO
OxTaB Mup6o npocTo BJIF06uncH B oJIJOMa.

III.
Ilo'IeMy OH OCTaBHJI JIHTepaTypy ,UJIH nOJIHTHKH? JI
cnpamuBaJI 06 3TOM BnJOMa. Ero OTBeT 6bIJI neHceH.
IloMHHTCH, JleB illeCTOB r,D,e-TO fOBOpHT, 'ITO BC}!KHM
nucaTeJih HCilbIThIBaeT B H3BeCTHYfO nopy noTpe6HOCTh
noBblcumbcJl 6 '-lWte. HopMaJihnoe noBhimenue (uHor.na

' TaK, faCTOH )l{e3 'laCTo IIHTHpyeT liJUOMa (xOTb ue scer,11a cornawaHCb c
HHM) B CBOCM H3BeCTHOM y'!e611HKC ny6JIH'IHOro npasa (CTp. 74, 89-91, 98, 110).

460
 npocTo 3a Bh1cnyry neT) Be.n:eT K 'nrny ytJHTem1 )l(H3HH HJIH
.nyxoBHoro BO)l():(.SI. He Bcer.na :no BhIXO.ZI:HT xoporno. CaM
,[(OCTOeBCKHH no.n KOHeQ CBOHX ):(HeH B pOJIH npopoKa
BeJIHKOCBeTCKHX caJIOHOB 6hIJI, no CJIOBaM O':leBH):(QeB,
HeB03MO)l(eH. 51 He 3HaIO, KaKHe HMeHHO no6y)l(.ZJ:eHH.SI
cKa3hIBaJIHCh Bcero CHJibHee y JleoHa En10Ma. OH coQHa-
JIHCT coBeprneHHO HCKpeHHHH. K HeMy i>o 1teKomopou cme-
nenu MoryT OTHOCHTbC.SI CJIOBa, CKa3aHHhie MHpa6o 0
Po6ecnbepe: «3ToT qenoBeK .n:anexo noli.n:eT: OH .n:elicT-
BHTeJihHO .n:yMaeT Bee To, ':ITO roBopHT». Mo)l(eT 6bITh,
JleoH oJIIOM cephe3HO BepHT, ':ITO eMy H .n:py3h.SIM ero
cy:>x.n:eHo «cnacTH <I>paHQHIO» (yn0Tpe6n.s110 :no xo.n:.si:qee
Bbipa)l(eHHe, HeCMOTp.SI Ha HeKOTopy10 ero 3ara):(O':IHOCTh:
.SI c 11 HO.si:6p.si: 1918 ro.n:a IlJIOXO IlOHHMaIO, OT qero
HMeHHO HY)l(HO cnacaTh <I>paHQHIO). 11 y)I( HaBepHoe .n:yrna
6necT.si:mero canoHHoro 3cceHCTa, 3aBcer.n:aTa.si: xynHc H
3aKOHO.ZJ:aTeJI.si: MO.ZJ:HbIX TeaTpOB HCilbIThIBaeT CBOeo6pa3-
HblH OT.ZJ:blX Ha nponeTapCKHX MHTHHraX H KOHrpeccax.
JleoH oJIIOM, o.n:HaKo, He no.n:.n:enhrnaeTc.si: no.n: npone-
rnpH.si:. HeKHH BH.ZJ:HhIH, qpe3BhI':laHHO neBhIH, .n:e.si:TeJih
HMeeT B IlapH)l(e .ZJ:Be no-pa3HOMY o6cTaBJieHHbie KBap-
TMpbl: O.ZJ:Hy, BeCbMa 6e.n:HyIO, .ZJ:JI.SI IIpHeMa B.ZJ:OB H CHpOT
TpeThero MHTepHaQHOHana; .npyry10, 3Ha':IHTeJihHO nyq-
rne, .ZJ:JI.SI co6CTBeHHbIX Ha.n:o6HOCTeH. 3.n:ech HeT .n:a)l(e Ha-
nyCKHOro QHHH3Ma: o6hlKHOBeHHOe )l(HTeHCKOe .n:eno. Jle-
OH oJIIOM He npH6eraeT K Macxapa.n:y. OH .sIBHJic.si: Ha
KOHrpecc, KaK .SIBJI.SleTC.SI B napnaMeHT H B CaJIOHhI: H3.SIIQ-
HhlH, xoporno o.neTbIH, co CBOHCTBeHHOH eMy HeCKOJlhKO
CTapOMO.ZI:HOH 3JieraHTHOCThlO. 3TO .n:enaeT qecTh H ero
npaB.ZJ:HBOCTH, H ero yMy. HanoneoHy roBOpHJIH c noxBa-
noli 06 o.n:HoM Maprnane, ':ITO TOT B noxo.n:ax npHKa3hIBaeT
HOCHTh ce6e IIHIQY H3 o6mero COJI,l(aTCKOro KOTJia: 3TO
Be,l(h ,l(OJI)l(HO C03,l(aTb IIOJIKOBO.l(QY 60JihIIIYIO nonyn.si:p-
HOCTb B apMHH. HanoneoH rHeBHO Ha3Ban Maprnana .n:ypa-
KOM. «HHKor.n:a, - CKa3aJI HMIIepaTop, - HHKor.n:a cf>paH-
QY3CKHe COJI,l(aTbl He IlOBep.si:T, ':ITO Maprnan <I>paHQHH
IIHTaeTC.SI COJI,l(aTCKOH IIHIQeH: OHH, HaBepHoe, y6e)l(,l(eHhl,
':ITO 3TO .n:enaeTC.SI .ZJ:Jl.SI OTBO,l(a rna3 H 'ITO HX npOCTO XOT.SIT
Ha.n:yTh». E.n:Ba JIH H napH)l(CKHe pa6oq11e, OTHIO.l(h He
CJiaB.SIIQHec.si: rnynoCThlO, npH3HaJIH 6hl CBOHM 6paTOM
JleoHa En10Ma, ecn11 6h1 OH .SIBHnc.si: Ha KOHrpecc B 6ny3e
HJIH B noxMOTh.si:x (6hlBaeT H Tax). ooJihIIIHHCTBO opaTo-
poB KOHrpecca Ha3bIBaJIH .n:pyr .n:pyra Ha «ThI»; oJIIOMY Bee
rOBOpHJIH «Bbl». 51CHO ':IYBCTBOBaJIOCh, ':ITO pa6otJHe BH,l(.SIT
B HeM ity;»C020 H, KaK qy)l(Oro, 6h1Tb MO)l(eT, QeH.SIT ero

461
oco6eHHO BbICOKO. 0,LUIH opaTop-pa60'IHH TaK H CKa3aJI c
TpH6yHhr: «.51 rny6oKo no'IHTaIO sac, Toaapmn En10M. Ho
Bbl BbllllJ1H He H3 HaIIIeii cpe,n:hI H He BO BCeM Hae TIOHH-
MaeTe. y Mem1 HeT BaIIIeii TOHKOCTH yMa, 3aTO y Meli.SI
eCTb .n:pyroe - HHCTMHKT pa6o'lero 'leJJOBeKa» ... «Ax, MHe
Ha.n:oena MOSI «TOHKOCTh yMa»!» («Oh, j'en ai assez, de ma
subtilite d'esprit!») - cep,n:HTO npepaan ero c Mecrn JleoH
En10M. EhITh MO:>KeT, B :noM pa3ra,n:Ka ero xapbepb1:
TOHKOCTb yMa eMy Ha,n:oeJia.

IV.
OH roaopMJI, a Ja HMM ynoeHHO noaTop.SIJIH .n:pyrMe:
«Bee HaIIIM npe,n:cKa3aHH.SI c6b1J1MCh» . .SI cnyIIIaJI c He,n:o-
yMeHMeM: ace npe,n:cKa3amrn? Kor.n:a :>Ke MMeHHO OHM c6h1-
J1Mcb? Bnpo'leM, 3TO B nopsi,n:Ke aemeil. To :>Ke caMoe
roaopsiT na cBoux KOHrpeccax H MapceJib KaIIIeH, H
3.n:yap.n: 3ppMo, M Jleon .IJ:o.n:e. C6h1J1MCh peIIIMTeJihHO ace
npe,n:cKa3amrn peIIIHTeJJbIIO Bcex napTHii. IlapTMiinasi Mr-
pa -- opraHH3onanHaSI He'leCTHOCTh MhICJIH. Ha caMoM
.n:ene MHOrMe npe,n:cKa3aHMSI, KOTOpbie B CBOe BpeMSI MMe-
HOBaJIHCb «6J1HCTaTeJibHbIMM», BeCbMa 6JIMCTaTeJ1bHO
onpoBeprnyThI :>KH3HhIO. MapKcMcTaM, B 'laCTHOCTM, xaa-
cTaTh HMKaK ne npHXO.UMTCSI. Bem1xMif yTonwcT nayqnoro
COQMaJ1M3Ma 6hIJ1 e.n:aa J1M He BCIO :>KM3Hb y6e:>K,n:eH B
Kpaifneii 6JIH30CTM KOMMYHHCTM'lecKoro cTposi. MapKc
.n:oxa3hIBaJI Jlaccan10 B 1849 ro.n:y, 'ITO nponeTapcKa.SI
peBOJ1lOQHSI BO <l>paHQHM BCilbIXHeT He Il03,n:Hee cne.n:y10-
mero ro.n:a. B 1862 ro.n:y OH nMcan KyreJibMaHy: «Mhl,
O'leBM.UHO, M,n:eM HaBCTpeqy peBOJilOQMM, B 'leM SI Ha'IIIHaSI
c 1850 ro.n:a HMKor.n:a He COMHeBaJICSI». B 1872 ro.n:y OH
yTBepll<,n:an B nMChMe K 3opre, 'ITO «noll<ap pa3ropaeTCSI BO
acex yrnax EBponhI». 3Hrenbc roaopMJI copoK neT TOMY
Ha3a,n:: «QapcKoe npaBMTeJibCTBO 3TOT ro.n: y:>Ke He npOTSl-
neT, a Kor.n:a y:>Ke B PoccMH na'IHeTc.SI - Tor.n:a ypa!»
EcTeCTBeHHO, 'ITO JIIO.UM, 3HaIOIQMe Ja co6oii 6nHcTaTeJib-
Hhie TIOJIHTM'leCKI'Je npe,n:cKa3amrn B npOIIIJIOM, MMeFOT
sicHyi:o nporpaMMY M .n:n.si 6y.n:ymero. B c:>KaToif, OT'leT-
JIMBoif, npeBocxo.n:noif pe'IM Jleon EJIFOM nepe'IMCJIMJI oc-
HOBHbie IIOJIO:>KeHHSI H36MpaTeJibHOH nporpaMMbl COQMa-
J1MCTOB.
On ne opaTop B TaKoM CMhICJie, B KaKoM 6hIJI opaTo-
poM )Kopec. OT ero pe'leii nm~a He 6ne,n:HeFOT H pyKH ne
462
 C)l(HMaIOTCR B xynaKH. Y EnroMa He xsaTaeT ronoca, u )l(e-
CThI ero C.[(ep)l(aHHO O.ZlH006pa3Hbl. y .n:apHbie cppa3bl, .[(J1R
KOTOpbIX 'laCTO npOH31JOCHTCR BCR pe'lb H nocne KOTOpbIX
.ZJ:OJJ)l(eH HaBepHRKa IIOCJJe.[(OBaTb «6ypHbIH B3pbIB aIIJJO-
.ZJ:HCMeHTOB», y Hero nosucaroT B so3,n:yxe. B.[(OXHOBeHHaR
peroraison·, J1I06HMOe 6JJIO.[(O opaTopoB (roTOBHTCR H
npo6yeTCR .n:oMa), EnroMy y.[(aeTcR .n:anexo He B coseprneH-
CTBe. Ero pe'IH HH'lero He TepRIOT B 'ITeHHH - IlJlOXOH
npH3HaK ,n:JJR opaTopa. Ho nro.n:u, K s.n:oxHoBeHHhIM pe'laM
He socnpHHM'IHBbie, ,n:OJJ)l(HhI cnyrnaTh EnroMa c HacJJa)l(-
,n:eHHeM. OH rosopHT 6hlcTpo, rna.[(KO H TaK JJHTepaTypHo
npaBHJlbHO, 'ITO cpoHorpaMMY ero pe'IH MO)l(HO 6LIJ10 6LI
HaIIe'laTaTb 6e3 e,[(HHOH rpaMMaTH'leCKOH nonpaBKH. Ile-
pe'IHCJJRR MHoro'IHCJJeHHLie nyHKThI nporpaMMhI, npuso-
.ZJ:R rnaBHbie apryMeHTbl B IIOJ1b3Y Ka)l(,n:Oro, OH HH pa3y He
3anHyJJCR, HH pa3y He IIOBTOpHJJCR, HH pa3y He 3arJJRHYJ1 B
KOHCIIeKT' - SI He ysepeH ,[(a)l(e, 'ITO KOHCIIeKT nepe.n: HMM
6LIJ1. 3To, sepoRTHO, rnxona Conseil d'Etat, - OTTy,n:a
pe.[(KO BbIXO.D:RT B.D:OXHOBeHHbie opaTOpbI.
Ero nporpaMMa o'leHL xoporna. OcyinecTBHTh ee He-
B03MO)l(HO. BsecTH Hanor ua xan11Tan, - xannTaJJ yne-
neTHeT 3a rpaHmi;y. YHM'ITO)l(HTL ceHaT, - Ha.no nony-
'IHTL Ha TO cornacMe CeHaTa . .[l;aTb IlOJlHTH'leCKOe IIOJlHO-
npaBHe KOJ10HHRM, - IIOJlHOIIpaBHbie MapOKKaHIJ;bl HeMe-
.D:JJeHHO nonpoCRT cppaHIJ;y3oB yi1:TH K ce6e .[(OMOH. Pa3y-
MeeTCR, B03MO)l(HhI KOMIIpOMHCChI. K 3THM KOMnpoMMC-
caM H cse,[(eTCR .[(eno, ecJJM JleoH EnroM npu,n:eT K snacTH.
Ho ,n:JJR 3Toro np11xo,n:MTh K BJJaCTH eMy He xo'leTCR.
Ilpe)l(,n:e 6b1JJ0 npocTo. B 6onLIIIHHCTBe cTpaH co1.1;11a-
JJHCTM'lecKaR napTHR 6LIJ1a rJJaBHOH (ecJJH He e.[(HHCTBeH-
HOH) nocne.[(oBaTeJJLHO-.[(eMoKpaTM'lecxoi1: napT11ei1:. A no-
cne.[(oBaTeJJLHO-.[(eMoKpaTM'lecxaR nporpaMMa B 3THX
CTpaHax 6LIJ1a nporpaMMOH 3cpcpeKTHO-peBOJ1IOIJ;HOHHOH.
HeMeIJ;KHM COIJ;HaJJHCTaM CTOHJ10 IIpHHTH K BJlaCTH, 'IT06bl
ycTaHOBHTh pecny6mrxy B CTpaHe BHJJhrenLMa II. B rocy-
.[(apcTsax .[(eMOKpaTH'leCKHX, KaK <l>paHIJ;HR, npe)l(,[(e 6bIJ1a
B03M0)1(Ha CMeJJaR nporpaMMa IIIHpOKHX COIJ;HaJlhHblX pe-
cpopM: CTpaHbl 3TH ((J10MHJ1HCb OT 30J10Ta», a C.[(eJJaHO
6Lmo .[(JJR pa6oqero KJJacca TaK Mano. .[l;sa.[(IJ;aTb neT
TOMY Ha3a.[( yqe6HMKH noJJMTH'lecxoi1: 3KOHOMHH rosopunu
0 BOCbMH'laCOBOM pa6otfeM .[(He IIO'ITH KaK 0 Me'ITe peso-
JllOIJ;HOHepoB. qTO ,[(eJJaTb y BJlaCTH cppami;y3CKHM COIJ;Ha-
JlHCTaM B HaCTORJ.nee BpeMR? <l>paHIJ;HR 60J1hllle OT 30J10Ta

• 3aKJJIO'lHTMbBall '!aCTb pe'IH ( rfip.}.

463
He JIOMHTCH. EEO;:pKeT qy;::i;oBHJ.QHO o6peMeHeH BOHHOH,
HaJIOrH TH)f(eJihl, KaK ;::i;o BOHHhl HHKOMY He CHHJIOCh,
3KOHOMHH rocy;::i;apCTBeHHhIX pacxo;::i;oB rrepeXO)J;HT IIO'ITH
B HHJ.QeTy. BochMHtJacoBoii pa6otJHH ;::i;eHh Be3;::i;e BBe-
;::i;eH BepcaJihCKMMM JIEO)J;hMM. B AHrJIMM MO)f(HO 6hlJIO BhI-
CTpOMTh MHJIJIHOH KOTTe)J;)f(eH )J;JIH pa60'IHX, - BO <l>paH-
QHH ;::i;eHhrM )J;JIH MHJIJIHOHa KOTTe)J;)f(eH )J;OCTaTh Teneph
HeOTKy;::i;a. HecKOJihKO JieT TOMY Ha3a;::i;, B rropy OKKynaQMM
Pypa, «3<PcpeKTHhIM 6oeBMKOM ce3oHa» MOrJia 6h1Th BHern-
HHH rroJIMTMKa. Ceiiqac M 3Toro HeT. BHellIHHH rroJIMTMKa
JleoHa EJIEOMa MaJIO OTJIM'laJiaCb 6bI OT BHellIHeH IIOJIHTH-
KH EpwaHa, - BToporo JloKapHo He BhI;::i;yMaernh. CoBeTc-
Koe rrpaBMTeJibCTBO TO)f(e HeJib3H rrpM3HaTh BO BTOpOH
pa3. Pa3opy)f(MThCH orrHTh-TaKM HeB03MO)f(HO: B MocKBe
3aceJI CTaJIMH, M3 PMMa MyccoJIMHM rrorJIH)J;bIBaeT Ha
HMQQY M CaBoliEO, r;::i;e-To 6po;::i;MT M TeHh JlEO;::i;eH;::i;opcpa.
CTOMT JIM 6paTh BJiaCTh )J;JIH Toro, 'IT06h1 cKa3aTh B
)l{eHeBe eme O)J;HY pe'lb 0 npMMMpeHMH H 6paTCTBe Hapo-
)J;OB, yMeHbllIHTb Ha ;::i;Ba IIOJIKa OKKynaQMOHHhie BOHCKa B
MapoKKO, oKa3aTh Kpe;::i;MTbI KoorrepaQMM M yBeJIM'IMTb
rrpoQeHTOB Ha ;::i;ecHTh HaJior Ha HaCJie)J;CTBa HJIH rreHCHH
HeMMYJ.QMM CTapwKaM? Bee ocTaJihHoe xoporno )J;JIH TpM-
6yHhI COQHaJIHCTM'leCKoro KOHrpecca.
11 IIOTOM «6paTh BJiaCTb» - 3TO 3BY'IMT rrpeKpaCHO.
Ho caMoe CJIOBO «BJiaCTh» HBHO ycTapeJio BO <l>paHQMM.
IlpaBo Ha3HatJaTh M yBOJibHHTb rrpecpeKTOB, npaBo OTKphI-
BaTh BhICTaBKH M )f(aJIOBaTb op;::i;eH IlotJeTHOro JlerMOHa
e;::i;Ba JIM MO)f(eT BOCIIJiaMeHMTh O'leHh BJiaCTOJIE06MBOro
tJeJioBeKa. A B naJiaTe ;::i;erryTaTOB poJIM rJiaBhI rrpaBMTeJih-
CTBa H rJiaBbl OIIII03MQHH IIO'ITH paBHOQeHHbl. B OCTaJib-
HOM BTOpaH pOJib y;::i;o6Hee. Be;::i;b Ha;::i; BCeM npeo6Jia-
;::i;aEOT - IIO KpaliHeH Mepe TeopeTM'leCKH - BepXOBHbie
MHTepeChl CTpaHhl. 11HTepechl )f(e <l>paHQMM e;::i;Ba JIM Tpe-
6yEOT B HaCTOHJ.Qee BpeMH npMxo;::i;a K BJiaCTM COQMaJIM-
CTOB.
Hy)f(HO JIM rroHCHHTh, 'ITO H roBopEO 06 3<PcpeK:rHoli
rrporpaMMe OTHEO)J;h He B ;::i;ypHOM CMhICJie. JleoH EJIEOM
;::i;oKa3aJI, 'ITO OH He BYJibrapHbIH KapbepMCT M 3a rropT-
<PeJIHMM He rOHMTCH. qTO 6y;::i;eT, eCJIH OH CTaHeT rJiaBOH
rrpaBMTeJihCTBa? Ey;::i;eT npe)f(;::i;e Bcero, KOHetJHO, naHMKa Ha
6Hp)f(e - H ecTeCTBeHHaH, M pa3;::i;yBaeMaH HapO'IHO. qTO

464
 rroaeJiae11Ib c «JieraJibHhIM ca6oTa:>KeM», - He BBOAHTb :>Ke
qpe3Bhl'IaHHYIO KoMHccH10! Ho 6yaeT eme H apyroe. He
HMe.si: B03MO:>KHOCTH ocymecTBHTh KpyrrHLie H cepbe3Hb1e
peqwpMLI, JleoH oJIIOM MO:>KeT TOJihKO nory6HTh 3acJiy-
:>KeHHYIO napniiiHyIO qni:pMy. Pa6oqHe Macchi HeMeaJienuo
yiiayT OT nee K KOMMYHHCTaM.
R cKJioueu no3TOMY ayMaTL, qTo oc110611aJl JIHHH.si:
noJIHTHKH oJIIOMa 6oJiee HJIH Menee npaBHJILHa. K co:>Ka-
JieHHIO, c OCHOBHOH JIHHHeii:, KaK Bceraa, rrepenJieTaeTCSI
qTo-To eme. OaHa H3 JIHHHH 6oKOBLix BeaeT K H36Hpa-
TeJILHhIM corJiarneHHSIM c KOMMYHHCTaMH. Ha Konrpecce
rueJI rop.si:qHJi (rnK H He pa3pernennL1ii) crrop: rrpearroqecTL
JIM npH nepe6aJIJIOTHpOBKax KOMMYHHCTOB paAHKaJiaM
HJIH paaHKaJIOB KOMMYHHCTaM. 0 TOM, qTo6hI KOMMYHH-
CTaM npeanoqecTh TaK na3LrnaeMLIX yMepeHHhIX pecrry6-
JIHKanu;es, H crropa HHKaKoro ue 6L1JI0. CaMoe Ba:>Kuoe,
a
pa3yMeeTCSl: barer la route la reaction·. Bbipa:>KeHHe 3TO
si CJILirnan H qHTaJI pa3 ceMLaec.si:T. C narneH: ToqKH 3pe-
HHSI, 3AeCb COBeprneHHaSI AHKOCTb. Ka3aJIOCb 6bI, pe6eHKY
.si:cHo: 6yaeT y BJiaCTH flyanKape - Jleou oJIIOM MO:>KeT
rro-npe:>KHeMy rpoMHTb ero c TpH6ynLI napnaMeHTa H co
cTon6u;oB ra3eTbI «Populaire». EyaeT y BJiaCTH KarueH -
ue cTaHeT HH napnaMeHTa, HH ra3eTbI «Populaire», HH
Jleoua oJIIOMa. TeM He MeHee flyanKape - peaKu;H.si:, a
KarneH, oqeBHAHO, - rrporpecc.
obIJIO 6b1 oqeub neqaJILHO, ecnH 6b1 Jleou oJIIOM ne
IlOHHMaJI CTOJib 3JieMeHTapHbIX BeI.QeH. Pa3yMeeTCSl, OH HX
npeKpacuo noHHMaeT. qenoseK on oqeub yMHhIH H Ta-
naHTJIHBhIH. qero-TO H eMy Bee :>Ke He XBaTaeT. «BaM He
xBaTaeT yMeHHSl roBopHTh CBOHM apy3LSIM: Hen>, - cKa-
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466
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469
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470
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471
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3am;HTHT npaBoe .rr.eJio!..»
ITocJie oKoHqaHH.SI BOHHhI KpHBa.SI 6hlcTpo nornJia BBepx.
K Jlnou.rr. .LI:)l(op.rr.JKy MO)l(HO 6brno 6h1 OTHecTH cJioBa,
cKa3aHHhie EepKeHxe.rr.oM o MaK.l(OHaJib,l(e (ToqHee, no no-
Bo.rr.y MaK,l(OHaJih.l(a), KOTOpbIH B 1917 ro.rr.y 3aHHMaJI npH-
6JIH3HTeJibHO TY )l(e no3HIJ.HIO, qTo' JlJioi1.rr. .LJ:)i(op.rr.)i( BoceM-
Ha,l(IJ,aThIO ro.rr.aMH paHhrne: OH Kynwn nalJ,H<i>HCTCKHe aKlJ,HH
no caMOMY HH3KOMY HX Kypcy, -- OHH 6erneHO IlO,l(H.SIJIHCb
BnocJie.rr.cTBHH. B 1906 ro.rr.y K3Mn6eJin-EaHHepMaH Bpyqwn
JlJIOH,l( ,[{)l(Op.l()l(y nopT<i>eJib MHHHCTpa TOproBJIH. Ew;e
HeCKOJlbKO IT03,l(Hee OH CTaJI KaHIJ,JiepoM Ka3Haqei1CTBa B
Ka6HHeTe ACKBHTa H 3aHHMaJI 3TOT IlOCT MHOro JieT.
473
 EMy y.D;aJIOCh ocymecTBHTh HecKOJihKO oqeHh cephe3-
HhIX cou;HaJihHhIX pe<}>opM. BhICIIIHM )lOCTH)l(emreM JlJIOH)l
,[()l(Op)l)l(a 6hIJI HCTOpHqecKHH 6IO)l)l(eT 1909 ro)la, KOTO-
pbIH BhI3BaJI BOJIHeHHe B u;eJioM MHpe. nIO)l)l(eT 3TOT
«nepeKJia)lbIBaJI Ha HMymHe KJiaCCbl Ul)l(KOe 6peMR HaJIO-
roB». Teneph 06 3TOM IIIyMe TPY.D;HO BcnoMHHaTh 6e3
He)loyMeHHR - TaK H3MeHHJia Bee HaIIIH MepKH BOHHa.
,[(ocTaToqHo CKa3aTh, qTo JlJIOH)l ,[()l(Op)l)I( BBeJI HOBbIX
«peBOJIIOQHOHHbIX» HaJioroB Ha 14 MHJIJIHOHOB <PYHTOB
CTepJIHHrOB B ro)l. CyMMa 3Ta npH6JIH3HTeJibHO paBHa
CTOHMOCTH )lJIR BeJIHK06pHTaHHH )lBYX )lHeH BOHHbI H
COCTaBJIReT MeHee )lBYX npou;eHTOB HhIHeIIIHero aHrJIHHC-
KOro 6IO)l)l(eTa. (3a BpeMR BOHHhI AHrJIHR HCTpaTHJia
6oJihille .netter, qeM 3a )lBa c noJIOBHHoii cmo!lemwi, npe)l-
mecrnoBaBmHe BOHHe.) Ho B TY nopy peBOJIIOQHOHHhIH
610.n;>KeT qyTh He .n;oBeJI AHrnHIO .no rpa)l()laHCKOH BOHHhI.
BceM naMRTHa 6opb6a JIH6epanbHOH napTHH c OTBeprny-
Bmeii 6IO)l>KeT naJiaTOH JIOp)loB; oTqaRHHaR KaMnaHHR
JlJioii)l ,lJ,>Kop.n;>Ka cTaJia MHpOBhIM co6hITHeM·. Ero or-
poMHhiii (XOTb H rpy6oBaTbIH) opaTOpCKHH TaJiaHT CKa-
3aJICR 3.D;ech c HCKJIIOqJrTeJihHhIM 6JiecKoM. Pequ ero )lhI-
IIIaJIH C03HaHHeM CHJihl, Bepoii B npaBO, qffcTeHIIIHM H)lea-
JIH3MOM - TaKHX JIOlla)lHHbIX nopu;Hii H)leaJIH3Ma He
no)lHOCHJIH cJiymaTeJIRM )la>Ke opaTOpb1 nepBoro nepHo.n;a
<l>paHQY3CKOH peBOJIIOQHH.
Jiop)lbI-TR>KeJIO)lYMhI, ynpRMO 3amHmaBmHe 6e3Ha-
.n;e>KHOe .n;eJio, HaKotteu; C)laJIHCh. OH no6e.D;HJI. B TY nopy
ero npecTH>K B EBpone 6hIJI Heo6hlqaiitto BhICOK. JlJioii.n;
,[(>KOp)l>K 6bIJI npH3HaH caMhIM Bhl)laIOmHMCR )leRTeJieM
)leMOKpaTHH, caMbIM 3HeprHqHbIM H3 6opu;oB 3a nporpecc,
caMhIM RpKHM CBeToqeM eBponeHCKOH ryMaHHOH MbICJIH.
)Kan JloHre HaXO)lHJI B ero peqax «peBOJIIOQHOHHhIH MH-
CTHQH3M coJI)laT apMHH KpoMBeJIR» (3TO y JlJIOH)l
,[(>Kop)l>Ka peBOJIIOQHOHHbIH MHCTHQH3M!). ~ xopomo no-
MHIO H BOCTOp>KeHHhie CTaTbH HeKOTOpbIX HamHX ra3eT.
Eer6H rapOJih)l, KCTaTH, YTBep>K)laeT B CBOeH HamyMe-
Bmeii KHHre, qTo O)lHH ero .D;pyr co6CTBeHHbIMH rJia3aMH
BH)leJI nopTpeThI JlJIOH)l ,[(>Kop.D;>Ka «Ha cTeHax MY)l(HQKHX
H36 B caMbIX OT)laJieHHhIX yrJiax PoccHH». BoT Be.z:i;h:
co6cTBeHHhIMH rJia3aMH BH)leJI. He 3HaIO, npo.D;OJI>KaIOT
JIH H Teneph )laJieKHe pyccKHe MY>KHKH, 06cy:1K.z:i;aR nocJie.n;-
HHe co6hITHR B napJiaMeHTCKOH HCTOpHH AttrJIHH, TaK

• HHTepecuo TO, '!TO ,!lCHLrJI AJ!ll :noii KaMnaHHH npOTHB KpynHoro KailHTllJla
Jlnoii.it )llKop,11llC yxHTpllJICll .itOCTasaTL y KpynuLIX KanHTMHCTOB. OuH llCe .itllJIH
CMY Cpe,!lCTBa Ha noKynKy 60JILWOii ra3eTLI.

474
BOCXHW:aTbC.Sl H,D;e.SIMH H JmqHOCTbl-0 JlJIOH,D; ,[()l(Op,D;)l(a; HO
MHOrHe ero IIOKJIOHHHKH H3 HHTeJIJIHreHQHH (He HCKJII-0-
qa.SJ, Bepo.SITHO, H r-Ha JloHre) B HaCTO.Sir.u;ee BpeM.SI OT-
HOC.SITC.Sl K 6pHTaHCKOMY rocy.n;apCTBeHHOMY .n;e.SITeJII-O He-
CKOJibKO xono.n;Hee, qeM rrpe)l(.n;e. MHe OH Terrepb rrpe.n;-
CTaBJI.SieTC.SI clmrypoH: rroqTH CHMBOJIHqecKOH (pa3yMeeTC.Sl,
B ropa3.n;o MeHbIIIeH: Mepe, qeM MaKCHM f'opbKHH).

III.
IlOTOM, He3a.n;onro .n;o MHpOBOH BOHHbI, rrpOH30IIIJIO
HOBoe H .n;oBOJibHO pe3Koe rroHH)l(eHHe KpHBOU. CnyqHJIOCb
TaK Ha3bIBaeMoe .n;eno MapKOHH. Ero 3aMaJiqHBaI-OT 6Ho-
rpa<l>h1 JlJIOH,D; .[()l(op,n)l(a, HO B CBOe BpeM.SI OHO Bbl3BaJIO
oqeHh MHoro IIIYMa. BKpaTQe .n;eno :no CBO.n;HTC.SI K cne-
.n;y1-0m:eMy. AHrnHHCKoe KOMMepqecKoe o6m:ecTBO MapKo-
HH BCTYIIHJIO B rreperoBOpbI c 6pHTaHCKHM rrpaBHTeJIL-
CTBOM 06 ycTpOHCTBe CTaHQHU 6ecrrpOBOJIOqHoro TeJie-
rpa<Pa 110 CHCTeMe HTaJib.SIHCKOro H306peTaTeJI.SI. ,[(HpeK-
TOp 3TOro o6m:ecrna f'o.n;<PpeH: AiheKc rrpe.n;JIO)l(HJI cBoeMy
6paTy, Py<l>ycy AH:3eKcy, HbIHeIIIHeMy nop.ny PH.n;HHry,
Tor.n;a 3aHHMaBIIIeMy BbICOKHn rrocT Attomey-Generar,
KYIIHTh rraH aMepHKaHcKoro o6m:ecrna MapKOHH. Py<l>yc
AiheKc KYIIHJI .nec.SITb Thlc.SJq rraeB H B TOT )l(e .n;eHb rrpo.nan
H3 HHX 110 CBOeH QeHe O.D:HY TblC.SJqy JlnoH:.n ,A)l(op,n)l(y.
<I>opMaJibHO aMepHKaHCKOe H aHrJIHHCKOe o6m:ecTBa 6bIJIH
He3aBHCHMbl .npyr OT .npyra, HO <PaKTHqecKH HHTepeCbl HX
TecHo rreperrneTaJIHCh. f'o.n;<l>peH: AH:3eKc 6hIJI o.n;HoBpe-
MeHHo .n;HpeKTopoM H Toro H .npyroro o6m:ecTBa. qepe3
HeCKOJibKO .n;Heif IIOCJie c.n;eJIKH aKQHH aMepHKaHCKoro 06-
m:ecTBa rroqTH y.n;BOHJIHCb B QeHe. 06a rocy.napcTBeHHblX
.n;e.SITeJI.SI rrpo.n;aJIH CBOH rraH. 06 3TOM IIOIIOJI3JIH CJIYXH. B
rrapnaMeHTe Ha BOrrpoc, He 6bIJIH JIH HMH KYIIJieHbl H
rrpo.n;aHLI aKQHH aHrnHifcKoro o6m:ecrna MapKOHH, Py<l>yc
AH:3eKc co BceH: rrpaB.n;HBOCTbI-O orneTHJI OTpHQaTeJibHO.
Ho o TOM, qTo HM 6hIJIH KyrrneHbI aKQHH aMepu1<aHc1<020
o6m:ecTBa MapKOHH, OH He cqen HY)l(HbIM yrroM.SIHYTb,
«H6o ero 06 3TOM He crrpaIIIHBaJIH». lfro KacaeTC.SI JlnoH:.n;
)J;)l(Op,D;)l(a, TO OH orpaHHqHJIC.Sl CTpaCTHblM rrpoTeCTOM
o6m:ero xapaKTepa 6e3 BCSIKHX <l>aKTHqecKHX yKa3aHHH.
qepe3 HeCKOJibKO MeC.SIQeB .neno pacKpbIJIOCb. B rrapna-
MeHTe rrpOH30IIIJIH 6ypHbie rrpeHH.Sl, B KOTOpbIX rrpHH.SIJIH

' reuepanbHhlil npoKypop ( auzA.).

475
 yqacTHe H3secTnettmHe opaTopbI AnrJIHH. 06a canoBHHKa
npH3HaJIH CBOH )J.eHCTBHR OWH6oqnbIMH, H TOH HX peqej;f B
TOT )J.eHb 6bIJI )J.OBOJibHO MHHOpHbIM. 0TTeHKH npeHHH OT
nac ycKOJib3aI-OT. CnopHJIH o TOM, 6hIJIH JIH .n:encTBHR
Att3eKca H JlJion.n: )l;)1wp.n:)l(a ne.n:ocrnToquo pa3yMHbIMH
(wise) HJIH ue.n:ocrnToquo KOppeKTHbIMH (discreet). CnopH-
JIH TaK)l(e, noqeMy HMemw )J.HpeKTOp o6mecTBa MapKOHH
npe)J.JIO)f(HJI csoeMy 6paTy KynHTb naH. C3p Pycpyc Att3eKc
)J.OKa3bIBaJI, qTO ro.n:cppeR 3aCTaBHJia C)J.eJiaTb 3TO 6paTC-
KaR JII-06osb (fraternal affection), H B .n:oKa3aTeJibCTBO
COCJiaJICR Ha no.n:apOK B HeCKOJibKO COT cpyHTOB, npeno.n:-
ueceHHbIH eMy TeM )l(e 6paTOM KO )J.HI-0 ero cepe6pRHOH
csa.n:b6b1. Ho O)J.HH H3 rJiaBHbIX opaTopoB onno3HQHH,
Jiop.n: Po6epT CecHJib, ue OTpHQaR 6paTcKoif JII-06BH, yr-
pI-OMO TBep)J.HJI, qTo y ro.n:cppeR Att3eKca MOrJIH 6bITb eme
)J.pyrne no6y)l()J.eHHR. roBOpR 0 MHHHCTpax, TOT )l(e JIOp)J.
Po6epT CecHJib naMeKaJI, qTo 3uaeT eme Koe-qTo (a great
many things), .n:a ue xoqeT cKa3aTb, - TaK R H ue Mor
noHRTb no oTqeTaM, qTo HMenuo 3HaJI Jiop.n: Po6epT
CecHJib. B ra3eTHOH rroJieMHKe o TaKHX HaMeKax o6blqHo
nHmyT, qTo OHH «rrpe)J.CTaBJIRl-OT co6oif, MRrKO Bbipa-
)l(aRCb, HHCHHyaQHI-O». Jlop.n: Po6epT CecHJib TeM He MeHee
3TO CKa3aJI. JlJIOH)J. )l;)l(Op)J.)I( OTBeTHJI OUU03HQHH CTpacT-
HOH peqbl-0, KOTOpyI-O 3aKonqHJI CJie)J.yI-OJnHMH CJIOBaMH:
«ECJIH XOTHTe, j{ )J.eHCTBOBaJI Heo6.n:yMaHHO, )J.eHCTBOBaJI
6e33a60THO, )J.eHCTBOBaJI oum6oqHo, HO j{ )J.eHCTBOBaJI
neBHHHO, j{ .n:eifCTBOBaJI OTKpbITO, j{ )J.eHCTBOBaJI qecTHO».
0TqeT OTMeqaeT B 3TOM MeCTe «o.n:o6peHHR», O)J.HaKO H
napJiaMenT, H oco6euuo o6mecTseuuoe Mne1rne He CJIHW-
KOM o.n:o6pHJIH .n:eifcTBHR caHOBHHKOB, - B AHrJIHH TaKHx
HCTOpHH He JII-06RT. ra3eTa «TaHMC» (20 HI-OHR 1913 ro.n:a)
llOCBRTHJia )J.eJiy BeCbMa )l(eCTOKYI-0 rrepe)J.OBYI-0 CTaTbl-0,
OTMeqaR, BnpoqeM, qTo H3rHaHHe JlJIOH)J. )l;)l(Op)J.)l(a H
Pycpyca Aif3eKca H3 aHrJIHHCKOH noJIHTHqecKoif )l(H3HH B
pe3yJibTaTe 3TOH wretched business· 6h1JI0 6b1 qpe3Mepuo
)l(eCTOKOH Kapoif.
Pa3yMeeTCR, ue na.n:o npeyBeJmqHBaTb 3HaqeHHe .n:eJia
MapKOHH. Ono B TY nopy 6hIJIO oqeub pa3.n:yTo. JlerKo
ce6e npe)J.CTaBHTb, CKOJibKO BparoB HMeJI C03)J.aTeJib peso-
JII-OQHOHHOro 61-0)J.)l(eTa. 0 npooa:»ettocmu 3.[(ecb He MO)l(eT
6b1Tb peqH - 3TO Tor.n:a )l(e no.n.qepKHYJI B CBOeH cap-
KaCTHqecKOH peqH 0 JlJIOH)J. ,[()l(Op)J.)l(e ero 6y.n:ymHif co-
TPY)J.HHK l>aJibcpyp. 3naqenHe .n:eJia MapKOHH Morno cBo-

• OrepaTHTCJJbHall HCTOpHll (aHZA.).

476
llHTbCH JIHillb K TOMy, 11TO OHO npencTaBHJIO npocJiaBJieH-
I-IOro wneaJIHCTa B HOBOM CBeTe - oco6eHHO HeO)l<HllaH-
HOM ~H ero 6ec11ttcJieHHhIX noKJIOHHHKOB. Bonpoc, co6-
CTBeHHO, llOJI)l(eH 6hlJ1 HllTH He 0 CTeneHH 3aKOHI-IOCTH
npoH3BeneHHOH cneKyJIHQHH. BepoHTHO, ny6JIHKa ce6H
cnpa111HBaJia, nono6aJio JIH soo6IQe wrpaTh na 6ttp)l(e
qeJIOBeKy B IlOJIO)l(eHHH JlJIOHll ,[()l(OPll)l(a - 6pHTaHC-
KOMY KaHQJiepy Ka3Ha11eHCTBa H BO)l(lllO eBponeHCKOH ne-
MOKpaTHH. Teneph, no)l(aJiytt, 6b1JI0 6b1 cTpa111-10 3allaBaTh
TaKoH Bonpoc. IlocJie BOHHbI no EBpone noBeHJIO nyxoM
IllHpOKOH TepnHMOCTH, - HOBbIH ryMaHH3M onep)l(HBaeT
no6eny 3a no6enoii. TaK, COBeTCKaH KOHQeCCHH HHMaJIO He
noBpellHJia KaTOJIH11ecKOH Kapbepe BwpTa, a B JierKHX
Heyna11ax PaMceH MaKllOHaJiblla HCIThITannaH npy)l(6a c3-
pa AJieKCaHnpa rpaHTa. He CbirpaJia Il011TH HHKaKOH po-
JIH. JlJIOHll ,[()l(Opll)I( paHhllle, 11eM HeKOTOpbie npyrne
noJIHTH11ecKHe neHTeJIH, ycBOHJI TY MhICJih, 11To B Mttpe, B
KOTOpOM OH BpaIQaJICH, Ha BeplllHHax rocynapCTBeHHOH
BJiaCTH, 011eHb Heyno6Ho H na)l(e KaK-TO HenpHJIH11HO 6bITb
6ellHbIM 'leJIOBeKOM.

IV.
IlaQH<pH3M JlJIOHll ,[()l(OPll)l(a HeCKOJlbKO OCTblJl c ro-
naMH HJIH, sepHee, nepe111eJI B MeHee BOHHCTBeHHYIO 1f>a3y.
HeK0Topb1e noKJIOHHHKH 6hrn111ero npeMbepa, cchIJiaHcb
Ha ero pe11b B nopy oco6eHHoro o6ocTpeHHH oT110111eHHH
Me)l(llY <l>paHQHeH H repMaHHeH, yTBep)l(llaIOT, 'ITO OH
npellBHlleJI MHposyIO BOHHy. C TaKHM )l(e npaBOM 3TO
MO)l(HO 6hIJIO 6hI CKa3aTb 0 JII060M llpyroM IlOJIHTH'leC-
KOM neHTeJie EBponh1. Ha caMoM neJie JlJIOHll .D:)l(opn)I(
eme B HHBape 1914 rona Bo3pa)l(aJI npoTHB ycttJieHHH
lf>JioTa H Ha3hIBaJI Hecepbe3HOH MbICJib 0 B03MO)l(HOCTH
eBponeiicKoH BOHHhI.
HacTaJIH rpo3Hbie aBrycToBCKHe llHH 1914 rona. 51 He
Mory rosopHTh 3lleCh nonpo6Ho o Tex 6e3yMHhIX CQeHax,
KOTOpbie Torna pa3birpbIBaJIHCb B Ka6HHeTax npaBHTeJieH
Esponh1. EcTh ocnoBaHHH npennoJiaraTh, 11To JlJIOHll
,[()l(OPll)I( - H He OH OllHH - 6bIJI B TY nopy B COCTOHHHH,
6JIH3KOM K HeBMeHHeMoc111. CKa)l(y TOJihKO, 'ITO 2 aB2y-

• BHCKBHTHblA ~a6pHKaHT rpaHT DO'AapHJJ l\iaK'AOHa.Jlb'AY TJlH.QUaTb TblCHq

~YHTOB CTepJUIBrOB.

477
 cma xam~nep KaJHaqeifcTBa CTORJI Ja coxpaHem1e AHrn:neif
HeHTpaJIHTeTa H npe,n:nonaraJI IlO,lJ;aTb B OTCTaBKY BMeCTe
c nop,n:oM MopneeM B cnyqae o6oRBJieHHR BOHHhI.
B :noT ,n:eHh K HeMy RBHJiacb .n:enerau,:nR, - o Heif
CTOHT H J,n:ecb CKaJaTb HeCKOJibKO CJIOB. Ilo npe,n:cTaBJie-
HHRM 60JihlIJeBHCTCKHX qmnoco<l>oB, BOHHa 6hIJia XHTpOH
Max:nHau,:neif xan:nTaJIHCTOB, B nepByEO oqepe,n:h xan:nTan:n-
CTOB aHrn:nifcx:nx. Ilpe,n:cTaBJieHHR 06 3TOM ,n:ene Byxap:n-
Ha, Hanp:nMep, He .n:anexo YlllJIH no rny6oKOMhICJIHEO OT
<1>:nnoco<1>:n:n CHOHCKHX npOTOKOJIOB. M ,n:eHCTBHTeJihHO, B
,n:eHh 2 aBrycTa 1914 ro,n:a B xa6:nHeT 6p:nTaHcxoro xaHu,-
nepa KaJHaqeifCTBa RBHJIHCb CBOero po.n:a CHOHCKHe MY.D:-
pell,bl, Te TaHHCTBeHHbie CTpalllHbie JIEO,l{H, KOTOpbie «HJ-Ja
xyn:nc npaBRT M:npoM». 3To 6hIJIH xpynHeHlllHe xan:nTaJI:n-
CThI AHrn:n:n, npe,n:ce,n:aTeJIH npaBJieHHR nRTH rnaBHhIX ee
6aHKOB (The big Five), xopon:n <l>:nHaHcoBoro :n npOMhilll-
JieHHoro MHpa. CocTORHHe JIEO,n:eif, np:nllle.D:lllHX B TOT
,n:eHh K JlJIOH,l{ .n:)l(op,n:)l(y ,l{JIR pelllHTeJibHOro BOJ,l{eHCTBHR
Ha 6pHTaHCKOe npaBHTeJibCTBO, paBHRJIOCb HeCKOJibKHM
MHJIJIHap,n:aM. IlpHlllJIH )l(e OHM ,l{JIR Toro, qTo6hI B 6ypHOH
CI.J,eHe IlOTpe6oBaTb OT npaBHTeJibCTBa MHpa, MHpa BO qTo
6h1 TO HH cTaJio. C:nTH He xoTeno BOHHhI, CHTH ee 6oR-
JIOCh, CHTH HaJiaraJIO CBOero po,n:a JanpeT Ha BMelIJaTeJib-
CTBO B BOHHY attrn:nifcxoro rocy,n:apcrna .
.ll:aJihHeHlllee xopOlllO HJBeCTHO. IlpOH30lIJJIO rrp:n6JIH-
JHTeJibHO TO, qTo TaK Y.D:HBHTeJibHO OIIHCaHO B «BoifHe H
MHpe». Be,n:h rrpe,n:cTaBHTeJieM «aJiqHoif 6yp)l(yaJHH» 6hIJI
H TOJICTblH JiaBoqHHK <l>eparrOHTOB, KOTOpbIH .n:o IIOJIYCMe-
PTH 611n )l(eHy Ja )l(eJiaH11e rroKHHYTh JiaBKY rrepe.n: rrpH6JIH-
)l(eHHeM <l>paHI.J,YJOB, a qepeJ HeCKOJihKO qacoB c pbI,l{aE0-
1.I.J,HM XOXOTOM caM 3TY JiaBKY IIO,l{iKer, IIPHM K MbICJIH,
qTo «pelllHJiacb PacceR». CHOHCKHe My,n:peu,hI, xax Jlnoif.n:
.D:)l(op,n:iK, 6bIJIH JIEO.D:H 11 aHrn11qaHe. QqeHh cxopo rrocne
Toro np11eMa KaHI.J,nep KaJHaqeifcTBa, npe.n:rronaraBlllHH
2 aBrycTa no,n:aTb B OTCTaBKy, fOBOpHJI rrpOMbllIJJieHHH-
KaM noqTlf B HCCTYIIJieHHH: «He ,n:yMaHTe 0 Balliew TOproB-
Jie, He ,n:yMaHTe 0 BalIJeM 6oraTCTBe, eyMaHTe 0 BalllHX
,n:eTRX, KOTOpbie H.D:YT yM11paTh Ja cTapyEO AHrnmo! .. »
.D:eRTeJibHOCTb JlJIOH,l{ .D:iKop,n:)l(a B nopy BOHHbl co-
CTaBJIReT, KOHeqHo, caMyEO RPKYEO rnaBy ero 611orpa<l>HH.
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KHTqeHepa OH CTaJI BOeHHhlM MHHHCTpOM, a eIIle HeCKOJih-
KO rroJ,n:Hee H rnaeoif rrpaBHTeJibCTBa. B ,n:exa6pe 1916
ro.n:a HCKYCHO JaJIOiKeHHaR MHHa BJOpBaJia npaBHTeJihCTBO
AcKBHTa. 3Ta CJIO)l(HaR HCTOpHR, B KOTOpOH oco6yEO pOJib
478
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BIIOeJie.n;eTBHH IIOJIY'fHBIIIHH TJHYJI Jiop.na liHBep6pyKa,
eme, KaJI<eTe.sr, He BhI.HeHeHa BO Beex no.npo6HoeT.srx. AeK-
BHTY 6hIJI npe.n;"h.SIBJieH 3aBe.n;oMo HenpHeMJieMbIH yJihTH-
MaTyM: JlJIOH.Ll ,[(JI<op.n;JI<, yrpoJI<a.H eBoeif OTeTaBKOH, Tpe-
6oBaJI nepe.n;alfH Henoepe.n;eTBeHHoro pyKoBo.n;eTBa Boif-
HOH KOMHTeTy H3 Tpex JIHU 6e3 yqaeTH.SI B HeM eaMoro
AeKBHTa. IlepBbIH MHHHeTp, paenonaraBIIIHH 6oJibIIIHH-
eTBOM B napJiaMeHTe, no.nan B OTeTaBKy, IlO-BH.L{HMOMy,
paeelfHTbIBa.H Ha TO, lfTO eMy 6y.n;eT npe.n;JIO)l(eHO o6pa30-
BaTb HOBOe npaBHTeJibeTBO. Ho 3Ta KOM6HHaQH.SI OKa3a-
Jiaeb He-OeymeeTBHMOH. rnaBOH KOa.JIHUHOHHOrO npaBHTe-
JibeTBa eTaJI JlJIOH.Ll ,[()l(OPA:>I<.
Ha.ne)l(.LlhI, KOTOphie eTpaHa B03Jiarana Ha ero yM,
Ta.JiaHTbl H 3Heprmo, 6bIJIH )l(H3Hbl0 B o6meM onpaB.n;aHbl.
c TO'fHOeTblO onpe.n;eJIHTb ero pOJib B opraHH3aUHH no6e-
.L{bl, o.n;HaKo, TPYAHO . .[(py3h.H 6e3MepHo ee B03BeJIH'fH-
BaJOT, Bparn OTPHUalOT (6e3 Be.SIKOro oeHOBaHH.SI) .na)i(e
JIH'fHoe My)l(eerno Jlnoif.n .[()i(op.n)l(a. OeTopO)l(Hbie JIJOAH,
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pH.SI IlO'fTH 3a IlOJITOpa eTOJieTH.SI eme He BbI.HeHHJia e
.noeToBepHoeThJO, xopoIIIo JIM BeJI BOHHY BHJih.SIM IlHTT.
Ey.n;eM Ha.n;e.srTbe.sr, lfTO B OTHOIIIeHHH Jlnoif.n .[()l(op.n)l(a
OHa pa3peIIIHT 3TOT Bonpoe eKopee.

v.
CeMb.n;ee.srT MHJIJIHOHOB n10.neif 6hIJIO M06HJIH30BaHo,
TpH.n;QaTb MHJIJIHOHOB paHeHO, BoeeMb MHJIJIHOHOB y6HTO.
06oIIIJIHeb lfeThipe ro.na BOHHhI npH6JIH3HTeJihHO B noJI-
TOphI Tbie.HlfH MHJIJIHap.n;oB. MHpHOH KOH<l>epeHQHH Ha.n;-
Jie)l(aJIO yeTaHOBHTb, .L{JI.SI qero HMeHHO Bee 3TO 6bIJIO
e.nenaHo.
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.naTh 6hIJIO HeKoro. M36HpaTeJihHa.sr nporpaMMa ero no-
ene BOHHhI oeo6eHHoif eJIO)l(HOeThJO He OTJIH'faJiaeh. B
lfHeJie rJiaBHblX npHMaHOK 6hIJIO o6emaHHe «IIOBeeHTb
BHJihreJihMa II» - 3TO nolfTH O.LlHHaKOBO ynh16anoeh
Tor.na H npaBbIM, H JieBhIM aHrJIH'faHaM. 0.n;HaKO B peqax
H noeTynKax Jinoif.n ,[()l(op.n)l(a B TY nopy eKa3hIBanaeh H
HeKoTopa.sr TpeBora. Bo BpeM.sr BOHHhI Bee 6hmo .sreHo:
HY)l(HO 6hIJIO no6e.n;HTh Bpara. Teneph nepBhIH MHHHeTp,
479
BM.Z:UIMO, caM He 3HaJI, qTo cne.uyeT .ueJiaTb. Ilo npMBbiqKe
OH npo.uomKaJI rOBOpMTb 0 npaBax Hapo.uoB, HO KaK
6y.UTO He oqeHb yBepeHHO, 6e3 06b1qHoro CBoero KpaCHO-
peqm1. 0 npaBax Hapo.uoB .upyroii ronoc Tor.ua roBopMJI
3ByqHee. By.upo BMJihCOH yJKe nJihIJI Ha «BarnMHrTOHe» B
EBpony.
OT Mem1 BeCbMa .uaneKa MbICJib MpOHM3MpoBaTh Ha.u
TparnqecKoii qmrypoii npe3M.UeHTa •. 3To .um1 KaJK.uoro M3
Hae 3HaqMJIO 6bI npeJK.ue BCero CMeSITbCSI Ha.U caMMM
co601-0. B nmw BMJibCOHa, e.uBa JIM ue BnepBbie B MCTOpMH,
«MHTeJIJIHreHT» BbICTYDMJI B Kaqeci;Be pacnopSl.UHTeJISI cy-
.ue6 MMpa. BHJibCOH 6hm Harn qenoBeK, noJKanyii, B eme
60JibIIIeii CTeneHH, qeM .uesi:TeJIH pyccKOH <l>eBpaJibCKOH
peBOJII-OllMM. ToJibKO nonoJKeHMe ero 6hmo HeCKOJibKO
nerqe H 6naronpHSITHeii. Y BpeMeHHoro npaBHTeJihCTBa
pa3opeHHOH BOHHOI-0 CTpaHbl He 6bIJIO B pacnopSIJKeHMH
HH o.unoro ropo.uoBoro. BHJihCOH 6hIJI noqTH HeorpaHH-
qeHHhiii BJiacTeJIHH noqTH BCeMorymero rocy.uapcTBa.
JI BM.UeJI TopJKeCTBeHHhiii B'he3.u npe3M.UeHTa Coe.uH-
HeHHbIX lllTaTOB, OKa3aHttyl-O eMy He6hrnany1-0 BCTpeqy, -
Beposi:THO, HanoneoHa B .UHM ero Bbicrneii cnaBhI TaK He
BCTpeqaJIM B MHpe. B 3TOM nopbrne 3HTY3Ha3Ma «apHCTOK-
paTbI MbICJIH», Bpo.ue PoM. PonnaHa, CJIHJIHCb c Hapo.uHoii
Maccoii. 11 .uaJKe JII-0.UM, He BH.UeBIIIMe OCHOBaHHSI MS!
oco6eHHOro BOCTOpra, B Mepy CBOMX CHJI BOCTOpr H306-
paJKaJIH. B IlapHJKe Ha IIhIIIIHO pa3yKparneHHOM BOK3ane
npe3M.Ue1ua c pacrrpOCTepTbIMH o6'hSITHSIMH BCTpeTHJI
rrpecrnpeJiblH <l>paHllY3CKHH .UHKTaTOp.
EcTb HeMano ocHoBaHHH .uyMaTh, qTo Bee B BHJihCOHe
6h1JI0 HeHaBHCTHO KneMaHco. I1pe3H.UeHT 6hm MS! OT-
cTaBHoro SIK06HHI1a CMMBOJIOM pa36HTbIX HJIJII-03MH ero
co6cTBeHHoii JKM3HM. OcHOBHbie M.UeM BHJibCOHa, KOHeqHo,
rrpe.ucTaBJISIJIHCb CTapHKY ceHTHMeHTaJibHOH epyH;::i:oii,
rrpMTOM epyH.UOH qpe3BbiqaifHO orracHOH. qeTblpHa.n:11a-
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TOJibKO repMaHHI-0, HO H COI-03Hble CTpaHbl. BHJibCOH 6bIJI
B.U06aBOK TOT caMbIH qeJIOBeK, KOTOpbIH B 1915 ro.n:y
qepe3 TPH .[{HSI IIOCJie IIOTOIIJieHHSI «Jly3HTaHHH» CKa3aJI:
«Mbl CJIMIIIKOM rop.uhl .unsi Toro, qT06h1 BOeBaTb». Eme
HeCKOJibKO paHhrne OH rro Tenerpa<l>y no3;::i:paBJIS1JI BHJib-
reJibMa II c .UHeM ero poJK;::i:eHHSI - 3TO Terrepb 6hmo
oco6eHHO HeKcrnn1: repMaHcKoro HMrrepaTopa rrpe;::i:rrona-

• B ceeTe eoeeiiwux 6uorpacj>uqecKHX TPYAOB JIH'IHOCTb BHJibCOHa 6eccnopeo

MHOTO Bb!Hrpana.

480
 ranocb rroeecHTh Ja rrpecTyrrneHm1, npe.l(rnecTeoeaenrne
rro3.l(paBHTeJihHOH TenerpaMMe rrpe3H.l(eHTa. BHnhCOH,
rnaea rocy.l(apcTea, pa36oraTeernero Ha eonHe, npHexan
JaKJIIO'laTh ceou MHp e pa3opeHHy10, HJMy'leHHYIO <l>paH-
1.\HIO. YcnoBHSI MHpa OH, rro-BH.l(HMoMy, npe.l(nonaran
rrpocTo rrpO.l(HKTOBaTh Eeporre. He3a.l(onro .l(O KOHa;a eou-
HhI npe3H,l(eHT ,l(aJI HHTepBblO .l(BYM JKypHaJIHCTaM, co-
TPY.l(HHKaM «Matin» H «Petit Parisien». 11HTepebIO :no He
6bIJIO H He MOrJIO 6bITb Hane'laTaHO, HO !l>paHU:Y3CKOMY
npaBHTeJibCTBY OHO, pa3yMeeTCSI, TOT'laC CTaJIO H3BeCTHO.
BHJihCOH roeopHJI 06 ycnoBHSIX 6y.l(yru;ero MHpa TaK, 'J;'O'l-
HO <l>paHa;HH H AHrnHH eoo6ru;e He cyru;ecTeoeano Ha
ceeTe: «.51 n03BOJIIO» ... «.51 He n03BOJIIO» ... «.51 .l(Onyru;y» ...
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'leJIOBe'leCKaSI no,l(p06HOCTh, KOHe'IHO, He HMeeT 60JibIIIO-
ro JHa'leHHSI), npe3H.l(eHT eo epeMSI BOHHhI JKeHHJICSI, JKe-
HHJICSI no CTpaCTHOH JII06BH H 3a'leM-TO ee3 c co6ou JKeHy
Ha KoH!l>epeHIJ;HIO MHpa. IloeJ.l(Ka noJIHTH'lecKoro TPHYM-
!l>aTopa npHHHMaJia xapaKTep KaK 6h1 cea.l(e6Horo nyTe-
rnecTBHSI no JaJIHTOH KpOBhIO Ee pone ... Bo eceM HJeepHB-
IIIHHCSI CTapHK, HH'lero He JK,l(aBIIIHH OT JKH3HH, rOTOBHJICSI
K 6010, JaTaHe KpanHee pa3.l(paJKe1rne.

VI.
JlJIOU,l( .[l;JKOp.l(JK npH6bIJI Ha KOH!l>epeHIJ;HIO co CBHTOH
H3 200 3KCnepTOB, ceKpeTapeu, 'IHHOBHHKOB, nOJIHa;euc-
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KOHrpecce, B3SIJI c co6ou e AecTpHIO ecero 14 qenoeeK.
CpaeHeHHe IlapHJKCKoil: MHpHon KoH!l>epeHI.\HH c BeHc-
KHM KOHrpeccoM yJKe CTaJIO B JIHTepaType 6aHaJibHbIM.
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no. B «Majestic»'e rnHu;eeaJIH no'ITH KaJK.l(hIH .l(eHh. 3.l(ecb
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Mbepa rocTHHHU:Y rnyTJIHBO Ha3bIBaJIH «Megantic»'oM -
6Lrna10T H 6onee y.l(a'IHhie rnyTKH. K nSITH qacaM HJ
OTBe,l(eHHoro eMy oco6HSIKa Ha ynHu;e HHTO npHeJJKaJI e

• HecMOTpll ua uero.11.osauue npoTHB «Taiiuoli .D.HUJIOMaTHH» u ua Tecuy10

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«ACTopHll») uaxo.D.HJIHCb no.11. TJQaTCJibHblM ua6n1011.eHHeM CblllUIKOB CKoTJICll'A·
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ecnoMuuaeT CuCJieli XeA.D.JibCTOH.
16-5317
481
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npeJK,ne MrpaBrnuii TOJihKO B rOJihcP, KaK pa3 B TY nopy
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CTBeHHhIH qeJIOBeK B aMep1iKaHCKOH .nenerau.Mu, yMeBlIIHH
fOBOpMTb no-cl>paHU.Y3CKM, noKa3hIBaJI COOTe'IeCTBeHHM-
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BOBCe He pa3BJieKanc.si: B HOMepe 315 fOCTMHMIJ.bl «KpM-
JlbOH» OH nucan O.D;HY 3a .npyroii .D;OKJia.D;Hhie 3anMCKM
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noccopMna ero Ha KoHcl>epeHU.HH c ray3oM, KaK Bnocne.n-
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no.nroTOBJieHbI 6hrnM nnoxo, oco6eHHO aHrJIM'IaHe M aMe-
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• ManeHblCall IlOApo6HOCTb: B ACHb TOp)l(eC'TBeHHOro B03Bp~eHHll c ct>poHTa

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ljlnar, 6&IJIO llnOHCICOC IlOCOJlbCTBO

482
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He CJIHIIIKOM y6e.n;nTeJibHbI. Ha 3TOH Koml>epeHI:.\HH MHpa
caM ryM60Jib.lJ;T OKaJaJIC.sI 6bI He.n;ocTaTO'IHO ocee.n;OMJieH-
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npae, Kor.n;a enocne.n;cTBHH B nanaTe o6m;HH orpbIJ-
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Toro HH o KaKOM TemeHe He CJib1xaJI. Ho .n;aeHo JIH H
MHoro JIH JHaeT o TemeHe MOH .n;ocTonoqTeHHbIH on-
noHeHT?»... B KOHQe KOHQOB, HMeHHO M.sI TemeHOB
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c.siT npeJH,ll;eHTY BOJJBaHH.si CBOHX Hapo.n;oe. 11 II. 45 M.
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,[(eJieraTKH aMepHKaHCKOH JIHrH )l(eHCKHX Tpe.n;-JOHHOHOB
JaSIBJI.sIIOT npeJH,ll;eHTY 0 'la.sIHH.sIX HX Jlnrn. 12 II. 30 M.
KoHcTaHTHHonoJibCKHH naTpnapx ceH.n;eTeJihCTeyeT npeJn-
.n;eHTY noqTeHne. 12 11. 45 M. An6aHCKHH .n;eneraT HJJiaraeT
npeJH.n;eHTY Tpe6oeaHH.si An6aHHH ...
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483
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6eCKOHe'IHhIX B033BaHHH, 'laRHHH, 3aRBJieHHH, IlO)l(eJiaHHH,
Tpe6oBaHHH, H3 KOTOphIX B,n:o6aBOK o,n:Ha IlOJIOBHHa co-
BeprneHHO HCKJIIO'laJia ,n:pyryIO. B nRTh-,n:ecRTh MHHYT
Ha,n:o 6hIJIO CXBaTHTh co.n:ep)l(aHHe Toro, 'ITO Ha qy)l(OM
R3hIKe paccKa3bIBaJIH HeH3BeCTHbie JIIO.D:H, H Ka)l(,n:OH ,n:eJie-
rauHH Ha,n:o 6bIJIO OTBeTHTh, He CKa3aB KaKOH-HH6y,n:h
qy,n:oBHIUHOH rJiynocTH. TaK )l(H3Hh rnJia H30 .D:HR B ,n:eHh.
TpH cTaph1x tieJioBeKa B no.n:o6Hoii o6cTaHOBKe pernaJIH
cy,n:h6h1 BceJieHHOH. KJieMaHco, TOJihKO 'ITO TR)l(eJio pa-
HeHHhIH aHapXHCTOM, c nyJieH B rpy,n:H, B CBOH 80 JieT c
paHHero yTpa (OH BCTaBaJI B IlRTh 'laCOB) .n:o Il03.D:HeH HO'IH
npHHHMaJI ,n:eJieraUHH, 'IHTaJI .D:OKJia,n:Hhie 3anHCKH, cpaB-
HHBaJI O.D:HH Tpe6oBaHHR c Tpe6oBaHHRMH npOTHBOilO-
JIO)l(HhIMH, pe3IOMHpOBaJI co.n:ep)l(aHHe Tex H .n:pyrHX Ha
3ace,n:aHHRX, BhICJIYIIIHBaJI MHeHHR 3KcnepTOB, o6hl'IHO
Me)l(,n:y co6oii HecorJiaCHhie, npHHHMaJI perneHHe, HaH6o-
Jiee COOTBeTCTBOBaBrnee HHTepecaM <l>paHUHH, OTCTaHBaJI
ero, o6cy)l(,n:aJI KOMilpOMHCChl H BblHOCHJI Ha ce6e BCIO
TR)l(eCTb npe.n:ce,n:aTeJibCKOH pa60Thl, CO'leTaR ee co BCeH
pa6oToii npaBHTeJihCTBeHHOH, B TY nopy oco6eHHO Tpy.n:-
HOH. KaKoii-HH6y,n:h TpaHCHJihBaHCKHH ,n:eJ1eraT, HHtiero,
KpoMe TpaHCHJibBaHCKHX ,n:eJI, He 3HaBIIIHH, RBJIRJICR K
pyKoBO.D:HTeJIRM KOHcpepeHUHH, 6opMOTaJI 'ITO-To Ha R3hI-
Ke, HanOMHHaBIIIeM cppaHUY3CKHH, a 3aTeM B MeMyapax
R3BHTeJibHO IlOTernaJICR (BepORTHO, eme H npHBHpaR) Ha,n:
He3HaHHeM TpaHCHJihBaHCKHX ,n:eJI, KOTOpoe o6Hapy)l(HJI
TOT HJIH .n:pyroii 'IJieH «CoBeTa qeThipex». «,[J;aHUHrCKHH
nopT Ha Cpe,n:H3eMHOM Mope», BepoRTHO, Hcxo,n:HBIIIHH OT
tieJioBeKa, ,n:oBe,n:eHHoro ,n:eJierauHRMH .n:o noJIHoro o.n:ype-
HHR, npe,n:cTaBJIRJI co6oIO CJiy'laH HCKJIIO'IHTeJihHhIH ... Ha-
.n:o npRMO CKa3aTh: KaKOH 6hl IlJIOXOH MHp HH 3aKJIIO'laJIH
3TH JIIO.D:H, HO y)I( ecJIH tieMy y,n:HBJIRThCR, TO He HX npoMa-
xaM, a CKOpee HX cnoco6HOCTRM, HX He06hl'laHHOH BhlHOC-
JIHBOCTH H TOMY' 'ITO OHM BCe Tpoe He COIIIJIH COBCeM c
yMa Ha 3TOH IlapH)l(CKOH KOHcpepeHUHH.

VII.
OcpHUHaJihHO cy,n:h6hl BceJieHHoii pernaJIHCh Ha o6mHx
co6paHHRX KOHcpepeHUHH. Ho o HHX cepbe3HO roBopHTh He
npHXO.D:HTCR. JlaHCHHr' aMepHKaHCKHH MHHHCTp HH0-

484
CTpaHHbIX .n;eJI, B CBoeu KHHre Ha3hIBaeT 3TH co6paHHSI
«cl>apcoM». 11 Tpy.n;Ho, KOHeqHo, HaJBaTh Hx HHaqe.
B nhIIIIHOn Salle de l'Horloge MHHHCTepcTBa HHO-
CTpaHHhIX .n;eJI TOp)l(eCTBeHHO pacca)l(HBaJIHCb .n;eJieraThl
TpH.n;QaTH rocy.n;apcTB. B ttaJHaqeHHhIU qac KJieMattco
BbIXO,IJ;HJI H3 BHyTpeHHHX IlOKOeB H UI)l(eJio onycKaJICSI B
csoe pa330JioqeHHoe KpecJio, noJIO)l(HB Ha CTOJI pyKH B
JiereH.n;apHbIX cepbIX nepqaTKax. Ero BH.n; («noqTH ,ll;hSl-
BOJihCKHU», roBOpHT CBH,IJ;eTeJib) cpa3y BCex 3aMopa)l(H-
BaJI. no CJIOBaM JlaHCHHra, KTO BH,IJ;eJI KJieMaHCO B pOJIH
npe.n;ce.n;aTeJISI o6m;Hx co6paHHU KOHcl>epeHQHH, TOT JierKO
IlOUMeT, noqeMy np03BaJIH THrpOM 3Toro CTOJib 6JieCTSl-
m;ero H 06aS1TeJihHOro B qacTHOU )l(H3HH qeJioBeKa. BcSIKHU
onhITHhIU npe.n;ce.n;aTeJih 3HaeT He6oJihIIIHe cl>oKyChI, npH
IlOMO:rn;H KOTOpbIX oqeHb o6JierqaeTCSI BbIHeceHHe )l(eJia-
TeJibHbIX pe30JIJOQHU Ha MHOrOJIJO,IJ;HbIX H KOCHbIX co6pa-
HHSIX, 3HaeT, Kor.n;a Hy)l(HO CKa3aTb «KTO Ja 3TO, npoIIIy
IlO,IJ;HSITb pyKy», a Kor.n;a «KTO npOTHB 3TOro, npoIIIy
no.n;HSITh pyKy». Ho Ha KoHcl>epeHQHH, noqTH cnJIOIIIh
COCTOSIBIIIeU H3 npHCSl)l(HbIX IlOJIHTHKOB, no.n;o6HblX TplO-
KOB 6hlJIO 6b1, KOHeqHo, He.n;ocTaToqHo. Ha.n;Jie)l(aJio Bb1pa-
60TaTb HOBhie MeTo.n;hI, H KJieMaHco B csoeu npe.n;ce.n;a-
TeJibcKou poJIH, MO)l(HO cKaJaTh, npeBJOIIIeJI caM ce6S1. B
HeCKOJibKHX CJIOBax OH ,IJ;OKJia,IJ;hlBaJI Bonpoc, no.n;Jie)l(a-
BIIIHU o6cy)l(.n;eHHJO BhICOKoro co6paHHSI, H JaTeM qHTaJI
TO peIIIeHHe, KOTOpoe npe.n;cTaBHTeJIH IlSITH BeJIHKHX .n;ep-
)l(aB «npe.n;JiaraJIH» BbICOKOMY co6paHHJO npHHSITb. 3aKOH-
qifB qTeHHe, KJieMaHco 6e3 MaJieiiIIIeii ocTaHOBKH npoHJ-
HOCHJI O,IJ;HO CJIOBO «npHHSITO» H nepeXO,ll;HJI K CJie.n;ywm;e-
MY sonpocy. Ha nepsoM o6m;eM co6paHHH 3TOT cnoco6
o6cy:>K:OeHUR npo6JieM MHpOBOU Ba)l(HOCTH Bbl3BaJI BHaqa-
Jie rny6oKoe H3YMJieHHe KOHcl>epeHQHH. IlpH.n;SI B ce6S1,
HaH6oJiee aBTOpHTeTHhie H3 .n;eJieraTOB MaJibIX CTpaH CTa-
JIH 3aSIBJISITb 0 CBOHX npasax. rHMaHC Ep3THaHy, BeHH3e-
JIOC, ypbIBaSI ceKyH.n;y Me)l(.n;y qTeHHeM H «adopte».' yqTHBO
npOCHJIH r-Ha npe.n;ce.n;aTeJISI pa3peIIIHTb HM BbICKa3aThCSI
no o6cy)l(.n;aeMoMy sonpocy. KJieMaHco TSl)l(eJio nosopa-
qHBaJICSI B KpecJie, CMOTpeJI CTeKJISIHHbIMH rJia3aMH Ha )l(e-
JiaBIIIero BbICKa3aThCSI .n;eJieraTa, TOqHo TOT COBepIIIaJI
qpe3Bh1qauHoe HenpHJIHqHe, H MpaqHo .n;asaJI eMy cJioBo.
Bo speMSI 3Toro cJioBa npe.n;ce.n;aTeJih KoHcl>epeHQHH pa3-
rosapHBaJI c coce.n;SIMH, HJyqaJI noTOJIOK JaJihI HJIH .n;eJiaJI

' «JlpHHJITO» (rjjp.).

485
BH,l(, 6y,nTO CIIHT. EcJIH CJIOBO XOTb HeMuoro 3aTSITHBa-
JIOCb, KneMauco ua•muaJI nposrnmnh npH3HaKH pa3,npa-
JI<eumr, 3aTeM MHOr03uaq:nTeJihHO npHilO,l(HHMaJICSl B Kpe-
CJie, rnsr,nsr B ynop ua ,neneraTa. OxoTa roeopHTh npoxo-
.n:nna, .neneraT cxopo JaMOJIKaJI, H npe,nce,naTeJih, ue OT-
eeqasr u:n o,nu:nM cnoeoM ua npe,ncTaeneuub1e eMy coo6-
paJKeHHsr, npo:nJuoc:nn: «Personne ne demande la paro-
le? . .* Adopte». 11uor,na on roeop:nn: «Adopte» ... :n ue
,noJK:n,nasrch xomi;a peq:n onnouenTa. Co ceo:nM aeTop:nTe-
TOM ua11;:nouanhnoro reposr rpeqecKHH npeMhep peurnncsr
6hIJIO uacTa:neaTb ua ceo6o,nuoM o6cyJK,neHHH eonpo-
coe, - KneMauco pe3KO ero o6opean: «M:nnocTHBhIH
rocy,napb, y uac ueT epeMeu:n ... ,[(a Bbl :n caMH ue JuaeTe,
qTo roeopHTe» ... BeHH3eJIOC Mor TOJlbKO OTBeTHTb ue TO
:npou:nqec1rn, ue TO pacTepsruuo: «Merci... Merci...»..
«,[(Jisr Toro qT06h1 TaK eecTH Jace,nau:ne, - JaMeqaeT c
IlOJIYCKpbITbIM BOCTOproM Jlauc:nur, - uyJKeH 6bIJI HMeH-
HO KneMauco. H:nKor.na npe3:n,neuT B:nnhcou ue no3BOJIHJI
6b1 ce6e TaK nocTynaTb... CoMueeaIOCh :n B TOM, qT06h1
TaK Mor noCTynaTh Jlnoii.n ,[(JKop,nJK» ... Jlauc:nur .no6ae-
nsreT, qTo BhICOKOe co6pau:ne 6bmo B03Myui;euo .no no-
cne,nueii cTeneu:n «necnh1xauub1M noee,neu:neM npe.nce,na-
TeJisr». «OT KneManco MhI ffHqero :n ue JK,nan:n!.. Ho KaK
BHJihcou :no Tepn:nT?» - c uero,noeau:neM roeop:nn:n e
qacTHhIX 6ece.nax .neneraThI MaJihIX CTpau.
,[(nsr B:nnhcoua :n Jlnoii,n ,[(JKop,nJKa 3TOT cnoco6 npe.n-
ce,naTeJibCTBoeau:nsr TOJI<e 6hIJI, KaJKeTCSl, IlOJIHOH HeOJKH-
,nauuocTblO. Ou:n, o.nnaKo, Tepnen:n. BHJihcou, eeposrTuo,
npe,nnonaran, qTo caM nyqrne Koro 6h1 TO u:n 6hIJIO
.npyroro cyMeeT JaIIJ;HTHTh npaea MaJihIX uapo,noe ua
Jace.nau:nsrx «CoeeTa qeTbipex». qTO JI<e KacaeTcsr Jlnoii.n
,[(JKop,nJKa, TO OH, Sl .nyMaIO, HCilblThIBaJI q:ncTO cnopTHB-
HbIH eocTopr np:n e:n,ne ,neiiCTBHH KneManco (KOTOphIH
e.no6aeoK npHHHMaJI ua ce6sr, :n npHTOM enonue paeuo-
.nyrnuo, ace pa3.npaJKeHHe npe,ncTaBHTeneii MaJihIX rocy-
.napcrn). ,[(OJIJKHO 6bITh, H caM JlJIOH,l( ,[(JKop,nJK cq:nrnJI
uepa60TOCilOC06HbIMH o6IIJ;He co6paHHSl KOHcl>epeHQHH:
np:n HOpMaJibHOM ee,neHHH ,ne6aTOB HH 0.[(HH ,neJieraT,

• «HHKTO He npOCHT CJIOBa7>> ( !jjp.)

.. Ilo CJIOBaM J1o3aHHa, OOCJie 3ace.«aHHJI BeHH3eJIOC 00.!IOWCJI K KneMaHCO H
CKa3aJI CM}': di BHlllty, r-H Dpe3H.!ICHT, 'ITO JI He DOJib3YIOCb BaWHMH CHMnaTHJl-
MH?» «CosepweHHO BepHO, JI sac HC.«OJII06JIHBaJO», - OTBCTHJI cj>paHUyJCKHii
npeM&ep. «Mory JI YJHaTb DO'leMy7>> - «HCT, JI npeJlllO'IHTaJO He JII06HTb eac, He
06'bJICHJIJI npH'IHH» ••• )l(ypHaJIHCTbl TOr.«a 06'bJICHJIJIH pe3KOCTb KneMallCO 6y.«TO
6bl '1pe3MepHO opeeynpe.!IHTCJibHblM OTHOWCHHCM rpe'lecKoro .«eneraTa K BHJib-
COHy.

486
BIIJIOTb .n:o 3MJlpa <l>eucaJia B paCIIJICHOM TIOp6aHe, He
OTICa3aJI 6bI ce6e B y,n:oBOJibCTBJIJI rroroBOpJITb, JI BMeCTO
IIOJIYTOpa TbIC.Sl'I 3ace,n:aHJ1U, o6pa3YJOmJ1x IlapmKCKYIO
KOH<pepeHQJllO 1919 ro,n:a, JIX 6bIJIO 6bI TbIC.SI'I II.RTHa,n:QaTb.

VIII.
Ha TeHJICTOH Place des Etats-Unis Pacpa3Jib Emnocpc-
reiiM, 6aHKJlp, Me'ITaTeJib, IIOJIJITJIK JI acTpOHOM, CbIH
HeMQa, 110 po)l(JJ:eHJllO rOJIJiaH,n:eQ, 6eJibrJIUCKJIH a,n:MJIHJl-
CTpaTOp JI cppaHQY3CKJIU .n:erryTaT, BbICTpOJIJI JJ:OM-,n:BopeQ.
IlpoTJIB 3Toro JJ:OMa, Ha BbICOKOM IIbe,n:ecTaJie, JlacpaiieT,
IIOJJ:H.RB K He6y JieByIO pyxy, c MyJKeCTBeHHO-CJia,n:KJIM
Bb1paJKeHJ1eM Ha JIJIQe 3,n:opoBaeTC.R c .ll:JKop,n:JKeM Ba1IIJ1Hr-
TOHOM, - .SI Bcer.n:a YJJ:JIBJI.SIJIC.SI, OT'lero 3TOT rraM.SITHJIK
c,n:eJiaH Jl3 6poH3bI, a He Jl3 IIIOKOJia,n:a. Kor.n:a-To, B XVIII
Bexe, 3,n:ech Bo,n:a CTPYJ1Jiach Jl3 cpoHTaHoB B pe3epByapbI
Illaiio JI rnHyJIJ1Ch ca,n:hI Societe de la Charite Maternene·.
Ilpe.n:ce,n:aTeJibHJIQa 3Toro o6mecTBa, Mono,n:a.R xoponeBa
MapJ1.R AHTyaHeTTa, 11pJ1e3JKaJia c10.n:a OTJJ:bIXaTh, YMJl-
n.si.sicb BOCTOpJKeHHbIM IIpJIBeTCTBJl.RM CBoero .n:o6poro Ha-
po,n:a. .. MecTO, TaKJIM o6pa30M, BO BCex OTHOIIIeHJl.SIX
CJIMBOJIJl'leCKOe, JI cy,n:h6a xopOIIIO nocTyrrJIJia, po,n:JIB JlJl-
ry HaQJIH.. B ,n:oMe oJIIIIocpcreiiMa, CH.ATOM B 1919 ro.n:y
JJ:JI.SI rrpe3J1,n:eHTa Coe,n:J1HeHHbIX IllTaToB.
Ilo-HaCTO.SimeMy cy,n:h6bI BCeJieHHOH peIIIaJIJICb He Ha
06mJ1x co6paHJl.SIX KOHcpepeHQHJI, a 3,n:ech, B 6J16JIJIOTeKe
rrepBoro 3TaJKa. C10.n:a 11pJ1e3JKaJIJ1 Ha 3ace,n:aHJ1.SI K BJ1Jib-
coHy Jlnoii.n: .ll:JKop,n:JK, KneMaHco JI OpnaH,n:o.
Ilo.n:po6HOCTJI 3TJIX co6paHJIH, Te CQeHbI, KOTOpble
3,n:ecb rrpOJICXOJJ:JIJIJI, 6bITb MOJKeT, HJIKOr,n:a He CTanyT
Jl3BeCTHbIMH HCTopHH. Ho 06my10 xapTHHY 3ace,n:aHHii
«CoBeTa "lleTbipex» Mbl 3HaeM: OHa CBOJJ:HJiaCb K yrropHOH
rnyxoii 6opb6e KneMaHco c BHJibCOHOM. Jlnoii.n: .ll:JKop,n:JK
6hIJI npHMHpHTeJieM. OpnaH,n:o 11011TH He BMeIIIHBaJic.si B
.n:ena, He KaCaBIIIHec.si Herrocpe,n:CTBeHHO 11.TaJIHH.
BHJibCOH BHOCHJI rrpe,n:JIOJKeHHe B ,n:yxe CBOHX 'leTblp-
Ha,n:QaTH rryHKTOB. KneMaHco ero OTBepran. Jlnou.n:
.ll:JKop,n:JK, co CBOHCTBeHHbIMH eMy yMOM, 11yTbeM, rH6-
KOCTbIO, HCKaJI JI HaXOJJ:HJI KOMIIpOMHCCHOe peIIIeHHe. On,
co6cTBeHHo, rrepeBOJJ:JIJI c o.n:noro .SI3bIKa Ha ,n:pyroii -
• 06mecrso MaTCpHHCKOro MHJIOCCp,llllll (tjjp.}.
•• IlpoeKT «KoseeaeTI1» 6b1Jl, snpo11eM, eanecae BHJILCOHOM eme s nepsoii
ero pe3HACHUHH ea yJIH~e Moeco.

487
nepeso.n:1rn e )KHTeUeKoro Ha n.n:eaJmeTnqeeKHU. B ne-
TopnqeeKOM OTHOineHHH ero ponh Ha KoHcpepem~nn MHpa
e.n:sa nu .sisn.sieTe.si BhmrphillIHOH. KneMaHeo TBep.n:o 3HaJI,
qero xoTeJI. BnnheOH eenn He 3HaJI, TO qyseTBOBaJI.
Jlnou.n: .n)Kop.n:)K .n:euernoBaJI noqTn no B.D:OXHOBeHHI-0.
3a Hero, pa3yMeeTe.si, pa6oTana HHepQH.si seKOBOU 6pn-
TaHeKoU noJIHTHKH. Ho see nnqHoe B ero noeTynKax
6hIJIO, no-BH.D:HMOMy, HMnpoBH3aQneu. 3aTO B npaKTH-
qeeKOM OTHOllieHHH, B KaqeeTBe MOpaJibHOrO nepeso.n:-
qnKa, OH 6bIJI eosepllieHHO He3aMeHHM, H o6a ero napT-
Hepa OTJinqHo 3TO noHnMann. Kor.n:a B TPY.D:HYI-O MHHYTY
Jlnou.n: .D:)Kop.n:)Ky noHa.n;o6nnoeh yexaTh B AHrnHI-O, Bu-
JiheoH n KneMaHeo nnehMeHHO ero npoennn HH B KaKOM
enyqae HX He nOKH.D:aTh.
KTo no6e.n:nn B eTpaHHOU nrpe, llie.n;llieU B TeqeHne
HeeKOJihKHX Mee.siQeB B 6n6nnoTeKe Pacpa3n.si Enlliocpereu-
Ma? 3To TaK)Ke «BhrneHHT neTopn.si». B BepeanheKoM
.n:orosope 3JIO TeeHo nepeMelliaHo e .n:o6poM. MHoroe B
TpaKTaTe 1919 ro.n:a npOHHKHYTO HeeOMHeHHhlM n.n:eaJIH3-
MOM, - npas.n:a, e HeKoTopou oeo6eHHOeThI-O: oeymeeTB-
neHne nonyqnnn B .n:orosope TOJihKO Te BhIBO.ll:hI H3 o6mnx
n.n:eanneTnqeeKHX npe.n:noehIJIOK, KOTOpbie HaXO.D:HJIHeb B
eornaenn e HHTepeeaMn .n:ep)Kas-no6e.n:nTeJihHHQ. Ho n
TaKHX BhIBO.D:OB 6bIJIO .D:OBOJihHO MHOro. qpe3MepHO eypo-
Bhle KpHTHKH .n:ena IlapH)KeKOH KOHcpepeHQHH nexo.n;.siT H3
Toro npe.n:noJIO)KeHn.si, qTo qy.n;osnmHa.si sonHa Morna
3aKOHqHTbeSI npesoexo.n;HhlM MHpOM. Ilpe.n:noJIO)KeHHe no
MeHhllieH Mepe «OnTHMHeTnqeeKoe».
3aMyqeHHhlU npe3n.n;eHT, KOHeqHo, e.n:an MHorne H3
eBOHX n03HQHH. Ilo esn.n:eTeJiheTBY 6JIH)KaHI1Iero ero eo-
BeTHHKa, B AMepnKe BnnheoH TBep.n:o paeeqnThIBaJI Ha
H.n;eaJIH3M eoI-03HhIX npaBHTeneu. B Espone OH yJHaJI Hx
no6JIH)Ke. B esoeM JaKJII-OqnTeJihHOM o6pameHnn K Ila-
pH)KeKon aCCOQHaQHH nOJIHTHqeeKHX HayK, rOBOpHT ero
soeTOp)KeHHhIH 6norpacp, «npe3n.n;eHT Ja.sisnn e .sisHou
eKop6hI-O, qTo qenoseqeeTBO, Ka)KeTe.si, eme He rOTOBO K
HOBOMY .D:HI-O». K 3TOMY QeHHOMY Bhrno.n:y, no)Kanyu,
MO)KHO 6hlJIO npHHTH e MeHhllieH 3aTpaTOH .n;yllieBHhIX
eHJI. Cnoph1 BHJibeoHa e KneMaHeo B .n;oMe EHI1IocpereifMa
HHor.n:a npHHHMaJIH qpe3Bb1qaUHO 6ypHbIH xapaKTep. Ilo
yKJIOHqnsoMy yKa3aHHI-O Toro )Ke JlaHeHHra, so speMsi:
o.n;Horo H3 3THX enopoB 3HaMeHHTbie npOTHBHHKH noTepsi:-
JIH eaMoo6na.n;aHHe H 3aee.n;aHHe npHllIJIOeh npepsaTh, -
«3TO 6bIJI HenpHHTHhIH 3nH30.n;» . .[(yllieBHOe eoeTOSIHHe
npe3n.n;eHTa eTaHOBHJIOeh see TH)KeJiee. B o.n;Hy H3 rHeBHhIX
488
CBOMX MMHYT OH M3pyraJI rep6epTa ryaepa, KOTOpbIH
npoM3Hec nepe.n; HMM CJIOBO «KoMnpoMMCC». BMJihCOH,
yMHhIH, nopg.n;oqHhIH M 6Jiaropo.n;HhIH qeJioBeK, no-BM.n;M-
MOMY, IIhITaJicg caM ce6g y6e.n;MTh, qTo B BepcaJihCKOM
.n;oroBope HeT KOMIIpOMMCCOB. JlMillh 6oJie3HeHHblM co-
CTOjJHMeM MOJKHO 061>j!CHMTh M ero CTpaCTHhIH npoTeCT IIO
noao.n;y «Hecnpaae.n;JIMBhIX npeTeH3MH MTaJIMM Ha <l>My-
Me»: ace OCTaJibHOe B MMpHOM TpaKTaTe 6bIJIO, oqeBM,IJ;HO,
cnpaae.n;JIMBO, BOT TOJihKO <l>MyMe npe3M)J;eHT HMKaK He
Mor cTepneTh (c OpJiaH.n;o 6hlJIO Jierqe MMeTh .n;eJio, qeM c
KJieMaHco ). HepBhI npe3M.n;eHTa BMJihCOHa He Bhl.n;epJKaJIM
cTpalllHoro HanpgJKeHMjl. McTepMqecKMH npMna.n;oK pb1.n;a-
HMH Ha MMTMHre B Ily36JIO, c KOTOporo HaqaJiaCb 6oJie3Hh,
yueclllag ero B MorMJiy, 6hlJI, aepogTno, pe3yJihTaToM
orpOMHOro MopaJihHOro pa3oqapoBaHMjl M Tj!JKKOH .n;y-
IlleBHOH ycTaJIOCTM OT IlapMJKCKOH KOHCpepeHQMM MMpa.
Co aceM TeM e.n;aa JIM npaBhI JIIO)J;M, roaopgll\Me o
no111toM nopaJKeHMM npe3M.n;enTa: caoif «KoBeHaHT» on ace
JKe OTCTOjJJI. OT BMJihcoua nMqero ue ocTaHeTcg, ecJIM ue
ocTaHeTcg JlMrn HaQMH. Ho no 3TOMY aonpocy on, B
co103e c JlJioif.n; .ll:JKop.n;JKeM, «o.n;epJKaJI no6e.n;y» Ha.n;
Q:>paHQY3CKMM npeMbepoM .
.LJ:Jig KJieManco JlMra HaQMH 6hlJia, Konequo, coaep-
IlleHHO 6ecnoJie3HhIM yqpeJK.n;enMeM. 0.n;uaxo M 6oJihlllO-
ro ape.n;a on OT nee ue JK)J;aJI: JIIO)J;M no pa3HhIM npMqMHaM
JKeJiaJIM yqpe.n;MTh uoay10 roaopMJihHIO, - o.n;nM M3 Tll\eC-
JiaBMjl M306peTaTeJieH, .n;pyrMe )J;Jljl KpynHhIX OKJia)J;OB
JKaJIOBaHbjl, 60JihlllMHCTBO npOCTO no rJiynOCTM, - qTo
MOJKHO 6blJIO npoTMB 3Toro B03pa3MTh? KJieManco 6hIJIO
COBepllleHHO Bee paBHO, B KaKOM noJKape cropMT JlMra
HaQMH M xor.n;a MMeHno oua cropMT - qepe3 .n;aa.n;QaTh
MJIM qepe3 TpM.n;QaTh JieT. BMJihCOH ua3uaqMJI 3TY Qeny 3a
cao10 no.n;nMch ua BepcaJihCKOM TpaxTaTe, ua rapaHTHH-
noM .n;oroaope, - KJieMauco noKynaJI. Oqenh JKaJih TOJih-
xo, qTo JKMBOnMceQ ue coxpaHMJI .n;Jig uac JIMQa npe.n;ce.n;a-
TeJig KOHQJepeHQMM B TOT MCTOpMqecKMH .n;eHh 14 Q:>eapaJig
1919 ro.n;a, xor.n;a B Salle de l'Horloge npe3M.n;enT BMJih-
cou, «HeJKHO yJih16agch JKeHe», qMTaJI 0611\eMy co6pa-
HMIO, K CBe.n;eHMIO Bcero qeJioaeqecTBa, CBOH CTaTyT JlMrM
HaQMH.
JlJIOH)J; ,lJ;JKop.n;JK M B 3TOM BOnpoce 6JieCrnll\e CbirpaJI
poJih MopaJihHOro nepeao.n;qMxa. Ou 6hIJI ropgqMM cTo-
poHHMKOM M.n;eM JlMrM HaQMH - on TOJihKO Tpe6oBaJI,
qTo6bI repMaHCKMe KOJIOHMM 6hIJIM no.n;eJieHhI )J;O o6pa30-
BaHMj! JlMrM c ee MaH.n;aTaMM. Auex.n;oTMqecxoe npe.n;cxa3a-
489
 Hue EpuaHa, npu ux pa3roBope y cTaTyH CTpac6ypra,
TaKHM o6pa30M, BnOJIHe onpaB,naJIOCb.
Jlura Hauuii: BO Bcex OTHOUieHm1x 6b1Jia 011eHb y.no6Ha
JlJIOH.U .ll:')l(OP.U')l(Y· 3TO 6hIJI K03blpb B ero urpe c pa6011eii:
napTueii:. 3To 6hIJI K03bipb TaK')l(e B urpe c HeMuaMH. Ilo
o6IQeMy OT3hIBY mo.neii:, BH.UeBUIHxc.si: B TY nopy c Jlnoii:.n
.IJ:')l(op.n')l(eM, ero qpe3Bbl'laHHO TpeBO)l(HJia MblCJib, 'ITO
repMaHCKOe npaBHTeJibCTBO He no.nnuUieT MHpHoro .no-
roBopa H nepe.nacT BJiaCTb KOMMYHHCTaM. 0,nHH H3 .UBYX
Ba')l(HhIX npe.nMeTOB cnopa Jlnoii:.n .IJ:')l(op.n')l(a c KneMaHco
3aKJUO'laJIC.SI HMeHHO B 3TOM. JlJIOH.U .ll:')l(OP.U')I( roBOpHJI:
OHH He no.nnMUiyT. KneMaHco roBopMn: OHH no.nnuUiyT ...
rnaBHbIH 6oii: aHrJIHHCKOro H cl>paHUY3CKOro npeMbe-
poB UieJI, O,UHaKO, no pyCCKOMY BOnpocy. 3.necb n03HQH.SI
JlJIOH.U .IJ:')l(op.n')l(a 6bIJia, B BH,Ue HCKJIIO'leHH.SI, BnOJIHe
onpe.neneHHOH H He KOMnpoMHCCHOH, a Kpaii:HeH. JIBHB-
lllHCb B IlapH')I(, OH cpa3y peUIHTeJibHO noTpe6oBaJI, 'IT06bl
Ha KOH<l:>epeHQHIO 6hIJI npHrJiaUieH JleHHH. 3To KaTeropH-
qecKoe Tpe6oBaHHe JlJIOH.U ,[{)l(Op,U')l(a KaK KOCa Ha KaMeHb
HaTKHYJIOCb Ha CTOJib )Ke KaTeropH'leCKHH OTKa3 KneMaHCO.
Tpy.ntto ,nyMaTh, 11To6hl peUieHFie rnaBhI cl>pattuy3c-
xoro npaBHTeJihCTBa MOrJIO 6bITb npo,UHKTO~aHO .UOBO,Ua-
MH, oco6eHHO 6JIH3KHMH H nOH.SITHhlMH pycCKHM nOJIHTH-
'leCKHM .ne.si:TeJI.si:M·. KneMaHco opraHFI'leCKH He BbIHOCHT
6oJihllleBHKOB, HO rnanHoe ero coo6pa)l(eHHe 6bIJIO, ne-
po.si:THO, caMoe npocToe: OH He )l(eJiaJI npenpaIQaTb KOH-
cl>epeHUHIO MHpa B COBepUieHHOe no.no6He .UOMa yMaJIH-
llleHHblX.
Tenepb 060 BCeM :.noM MO)l(HO ronopFITh nnonHe pan-
HO.UYUIHO. B 3CTeTF111ecKoM OTHOUieHHH .na)l(e no3BOJIH-
TeJihHo no)l(aJieTh, 'ITO JleHHH npurnaUieH He 6brn: ero
060.si:cHeHFie c Jlnoii:.n .IJ:)l(op.n)l(eM u BHJibCOHOM 6bmo 6b1
HCTHHHO xy.no)l(eCTBeHHOH cueHoii:. Ho attrnocaKCOHCKHe
noJIHTHKH B TY nopy He o6na.nanH ocne.noMJieHHOCTbIO
KneMaHco. HeK0Topb1e H3 HHX H Tenepb y6e)l(.nettbl, 'ITO
npFirnaUieHHe JleHHHa Ha IlapH)l(CKYIO KOH<l:>epeHQHIO MH-
pa Morno 6b1 cnacTH 11enone11ecTBO. B npoUIJIOM ro.ny
BhIUIJia BTOpbIM H3.UaHFieM KHHra o BHJihCOHe npocl>eccopa
BHJib.SIMa .IJ:o.n.na (nu11Ho cn.si:JaHHoro c npe3FI.UeHTOM). B
HeH no ynOM.SIHYTOMY MHOIO BOnpocy CKa3aHO 6yKBaJibHO

• Y B. A. MaKnaKoea, OAHaKo, xpaHHTCll co6cTBeuuopy•moe nuc&Mo K ueMy

KneManco (oT 18 ce11T116p11 1918 r.) co cneAyJ01neii cjlpa3oii: <<Vous pouvez
compter que nous n'oublierons pas la Russie. L'Entente connait ses devoirs» («Bbl
MOlKCTe pacc'IHTblBaTb, '!TO Mbl ne 3a6yAeM PoccH10 AHTaHTa BblDOilHHT ceoii
AOilr». - t/jp.).

490
CJie;::i;yromee: «XOTb :no MO:>KeT xoe-KOMY IlOKa3aTbCSI
cTpaHHhIM, HO BHJihCOH, Jlnoii;::i; ,ll;:>Kop;::i;)K H JleHHH peop-
raHH30BaJIH 6bI TOr;::i;a BCeJieHHYJO H Bbipa6oTaJIH 6hI ycno-
BHSI MHpa. 3TO 6hIJia BeJIHKaSI MeqTa, KOTOpaSI qyTh-qyTh
He ocymecTBHnach. Ee pa36HJI KneMaHco» (cTp. 311). Ilpo-
cpeccop nosicHsieT, qTo BHJihCOH (Kax, oqeBH;::i;Ho, H Jlnoii;::i;
,ll;:>Kop;::i;:>K) :>KeJiaJI ocymecTBHTb Ha 3eMJie xpHCTHaHCKHH
e:;::i;eaJI. «Ho eBponeiicxHe rocy;::i;apcTBeHHhie JIJO,IJ;H (T. e.
KneMaHco) He xpHCTHaHe». JleHHH npHrnarnancsi B IlapH:>K
,IJ;JISI ocymecTBJieHHSI xpHCTHaHCKOfO e:;::i;eana!..
113 npe;::i;noJIO:>KeHHOfO TeCHOfO COTpy;::i;HHqeCTBa c Jle-
HHHblM y JlJIOH,IJ; ,l()KOp,ll;)Ka B 1919 ro;::i;y ffHqero He BbllllJIO.
DhIJI Haii;::i;eH xoMnpoMe:cc: IlpHHKHno , - OH, xax HJBeCT-
HO, TO:>Ke He oqeHh y;::i;ancSI. Ho CBOeH MblCJIH JlJIOH,IJ;
,z:i:)Kop;::i;:>K He OCTaBHJI H MHOfO pa3 K Heil B03BpamaJICSI.
PyccKHH BOnpoc CblfpaJI orpOMHYJO pOJih B HCTOpHH KOH-
Q>epeHQHH MHpa. Kax roBope:T o;::i;HH ee yqacTHHK, qepHaSI
TeHh Pocce:H na;::i;ana Ha eBponeiicxe:e CTOJIHQhI.

IX.
BepcaJihCKHH ,IJ;OfOBOp, KOTOpbIH JlJIOH,IJ; ,ll;:>Kop;::i;:>K Ha-
3BaJI «BeJIHKOH xapTHeH HapO,ll;OB», 6bIJI e,IJ;HHOfJiaCHO
o;::i;o6peH napJiaMeHTOM. IlepBblH MHHHCTp nonyqe:JI OT
reopra v BbICOKHH op;::i;eH. HHKaKOH ;::i;pyrou Harpa,ll;bl
KOpOJih, co6CTBeHHO, He Mor eMy ;::i;aTb. JlJIOH,IJ; ,ll;:>KOp,ll;)K
He )KeJiaJI nepeXO,IJ;HTb B naJiaTy JIOp,ll;OB. «3aqeM MHe 6hITb
repQOroM? JI ;::i;eJial-0 repQOfOB», - CKpOMHO fOBOpHJI
,ll;H3pa:me:. JlJIOH,IJ; ,ll;:>Kop;::i;:>K MOf 3TO CKa3aTh c ropa3,IJ;O
60JiblllHM npaBOM. 3a BCI-0 HCTOpHI-0 AHrJIHH HHKTO He
pa3;::i;an TaKoro KOJIHqecTBa THTYJIOB, Kax OH. JlxoB I
npo;::i;aBaJI THTYJibl no 600 <l>YHTOB lllTyKa. IlpH JlJIOH,IJ;
,ll;:>Kop;::i;:>Ke OHM CTOHJIH ;::i;opo:>Ke, - HH,IJ;eKC CHJibHO H3Me-
HHJICSI B TeqeHHe CTOJieTHH. Ho JII-06oii ;::i;eJieQ MOf CTaTh
nop;::i;oM eme nerqe, qeM npH JlxoBe I. l136HpaTeJihHasi
Ka3Ha rrapTHH pocJia qpe3BbiqaiiHO 6bICTpO.
HenocB»meHHOMY MHPY xaJanoch, qTo Jlnoii;::i; ,ll;:>Kop,ll;:>K
;::i;ocTHr npe;::i;ena cnaBhI H npecTH:>Ka. Ho H3 nocBsimeHHhIX
HeKOTOpbie, TIO-BH,ll;HMOMY, Y:>Ke Tor;::i;a ;::i;ora,IJ;blBaJIHCh, qTo
npeCTH)K nepBoro MHHHCTpa HaqHHaeT na;::i;aTh.

' Ha llpHHKnno npe.QDonaranoc& ocymecTBHTb BCTpe'ly npoTnso6opcTByro·

mux CTOpOH B rpalK,!laHCKOii BOiiHe B PoccHH npu nocpe,!lllH'ICCTBe AHTRHTbl. -
llpUM.peo.

491
 0Tqero 3TO npoH30lllJio? B ra3eTHOH no11eMHKe Toro
BpeMeHH (1920-1922 ro,n:hI) OTMeqaIOTCR MHoroqHcJieH-
Hble oum6KH JI11ou.n: .LJ:)l(op.n:)l(a: OH c11HIIIKOM me.n:po pac-
xo,n:oBaJI Hapo,n:Hh1e cpe,n:cTBa, OH HapylllHJI pR,n: noJIHTH-
qecKHX Tpa,n:m..i;Hu AHrJIHH, OH 3ax1110qHJI HeBhiro.n:noe
cor11aIIIeHHe c Mp11aH,n:Heu, OH oqeHh pa3,n:pa)l(HJI npoTHB
ce6SI <l>paHI.(Y30B, OH B rpeKo-TypeQKOH BOHHe «IlOCTaBHJI
He Ha TY JIOilla,n:h>> H T. ,n:. 0,n:Haxo, Ja HCKJIIOqeHHeM
«CTaBKH He Ha TY JIOilla.D:h>> (nocTynox B noJIHTHKe He
npomaeMbIH), nonpeKH o,n:HHX raJeT, no cymecTBy, Heii-
TpaJIH30BaJIHCh o,n:o6peHHeM ,n:pyrHx. HaM co CTOpOHhI
MO)l(eT ,n:a)l(e Ka3aThCSI, qTo, Hanp., cor11a1lleHHe c Hp-
11aH,n:QaMH HJIH .n:oporo CTOHBillHe COQHaJihHhie pe<l>opMbl
OTHOCSITCSI K JIY'llllHM CTpaHHQaM 6Horpa<l>HH JI11ou.n:
.LJ:)l(op,n:)l(a. Bo BCSIKOM c11yqae, ecJIH MhI o6paTHMCR K
no11eMHKe 6011ee oT,n:a11eHHoro BpeMeHH, TO yBH.D:HM, qTo
JI11ou.n: .LJ:)l(op.n:)I( coBeplllaJI TaKHe )l(e H eme xy,n:IIIHe
«OIIIH6KH» BO BpeMR MHpoBoii BOHHhI H .n:o Hee. Ho Tor.n:a
npecTH)I( ero poc ,n:a)l(e Ja C'leT Hana.n:ox. Terreph OH
rra,n:aJI ,n:a)l(e OT HeKOTOpblX IIOXBaJI: JIIO.D:H, B o6meM
o,n:o6pSIBIIIHe ero IIOJIHTHKY' 0 HeM caMOM IIHCaJIH H
roBOpHJIH Bee XOJIO,n:Hee.
c JlJIOH.D: .LJ:)l(op.n:)l(eM c11yqHJIOCb TO CTpaHHOe H He-
o6'bSICHHMOe rrpOHCilleCTBHe, KOTOpoe B H3BeCTHYIO rropy
)l(H3HH IIOCTHraeT BCSIKOro Bhl,n:a10merocR IIOJIHTHqecxoro
,n:eSITeJISI (KaK H BCSIKOro Bhl,n:a10merocR IIHCaTeJIR): OH
Ha,n:oe11. qeM Ha,n:oen, cKa3aTh TPY.D:HO. ApHCTH.D: Ha,n:oen
3JIJIHHaM CBOeH cnpaBe,n:JIHBOCTblO, HO 3TO BOBCe He o6R-
3aTeJihHO. 0.D:HH aHrJIHHCKHH IlHCaTeJib, .D:OBOJlbHO Bpa)l(-
.n:e6Ho OTHOCSimHHCR K JinoH,n: .LJ:)l(op,n:)l(y' Heo.n:o6pHTeJih-
HO 3aMe'laeT, qTo OH CJIHlllKOM YMeH MSI pR,n:oBoro aur-
JIH'laHHHa («just a little too clever»). Mc Y.D:HBJieHHeM npH-
xo,n:HTCSI OTMeTHTh. qTo B peqax npOTHBHHKOB 6b1Blllero
npeMi.epa 3TOT HeO)l(H,n:aHHhIH ynpex B TOH HJIH HHOH
<PopMe 3ByqHT .D:OBOJlbHO qacro: OHH B 3TOM OTHOilleHHH
He 6e3 rop,n:OCTH ce6SI npOTHBOllOCTaBJISIIOT JlJIOH.D: .LJ:)l(op-
IJ)Ky•
.LJ:ng cnaceHHSI npeCTH)l(a Tpe6oBanoch qTo-11H60 rpaH-
.D:H03Hoe, HOBbIH «peBOJllOQHOHHblH 6IO,n:)l(eT>> HJIH HOBaR
«xapTHS HapQ,l\OB».
11,l\eSI 0KoH'laTeJI1>Horo JaMHpeHHSI EBponb1 y)l(e HOCH-
naci. B 803,l\yXe. IlaQH<l>HCTbl llOlla,l\aJIHCb caMble HeO:llCH-
,naHH1>1e. Jlnoii.D: .LJ:)KOp,l\)K, co6CTBeHHO, He O'leHb 110,l\XO-
,l\HJI mui ocymecreneHHSI 3Toii H,l\eH. Bnpo'leM, Ha Ho6e-
JieBCicyJO llpeMHIO MHpa OH HMeJI He MeHhllle npae, qeM,

492
HanpHMep, IIITpe3eMaH, KOTOpbIH B 1915 ro.n:y npHHa.n:-
JieJKaJI K BeCbMa BOHHCTBeHHbIM aHHeKCHOHHCTaM (KaH-
,n:H,n:aTypa ToJicToro Ha :ny npeMHIO B cBoe BpeMH 6bma
npoBaJieHa).
B BOJ,n:yxe HOCHJiacb em:e ,n:pyraH H,n:eH: npH3HaHHe
coBeTCKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa. CBoeo6pa3Hoe co'ieTaHHe
3THX .ll:BYX H,n:eil: nopo,n:HJIO reHy:ncKyIO KOH<i>epeHQHIO. Ee
BhI,n:yMaJI JJJioil:.n: ,ll;:>Kop,n:JK, rnaBHbIM o6pa3oM, no coo6-
pa:>KeHHHM BHyTpeHHeil: noJIHTHKH. XyJKe OH .ll:JIH ce6H
HH'iero He Mor npH,n:yMaTb.

x.
3a'ieM cy,n:h6e noHa,n:o6HJiaCb napo,n:HH Ha flapHJKCKYIO
KOH<i>epeH~IO MHpa? qaCTO QHTHpyIOT H3pe'ieHHe: «BCH-
KOe co6bJTHe nOBTOpHeTCH B HCTOpHH ,n:BaJK,n:bI: nepBbIH
pa3, KaK Tpare.n;HH, BTOpOH pa3, KaK <Pape». flapHJKCKaH
KOH<i>epeHQHH (3a HCKJIIO'ieHHeM «o6m:Hx co6paHHH»), KO-
He'iHO, 6bIJia Tpare,n:HeH. reHy:ncKaH KOH<i>epeHQHH 6bIJia
cnJIOllIHbIM <PapcoM.
Ha IlapHJKCKOH KOH<i>epeHQHH MHpa JJJioii.n: ,ll,:>Kop,n:JK,
no CBH,n:eTeJibCTBY JlaHCHHra, 6bJJI JIHlllb TpeTbeH <l>Hry-
poii: KJieMaHco H BHJibCOH JaHHMaJIH nepBoe H BTopoe
MeCTa. JlaHCHHr roBOpHT ,n:aJKe, 'ITO c .ll:BYMH TaKHMH
napTHepaMH JlJIOH.ll: ,ll;:>Kop,n:JK, npH BCex CBOHX .n:apoBa-
HHHX, OKa3aJICH 6bI «BHe KJiacca», eCJIH 6bJ npH HeM B
Ka'ieCTBe COBeT'iHKa He CTOHJI HeH3MeHHO ApTyp :SaJih<l>yp,
co CBOHMH n03HaHHHMH, TaKTOM H orpOMHbIM OnbITOM·.
Tenepb, B 1922 ro.n:y, o6cTaHOBKa coBepllleHHO nepe-
MeHHJiacb. KJieMaHco HaBcer.n:a 6pocHJI noJIHTHKy. BHJib-
coH Me,n:JieHHO yMHpaJI B BallIHHrTOHe, npoKJIHHaH JIIO,n:eii,
copBaBllIHX ,n:eJio ero JKH3HH··. lfa pyKoBO.ll:HTeJieil: Ila-
pHJKCKOH KOH<i>epeHQHH Ha CQeHe OCTaBaJICH 0.ll:HH JlJIOH.ll:
,ll;xmp,n:JK. JIIO,n:H, c KOTOpbIMH npe,n:cTOHJia «6µpb6a» B
reHye, HHKaKoro npeCTHJKa He HMeJIH. OnbITHbIH 'ieJIOBeK,
npaB,n:a, roBopHJI, 'iTO B Hcxo.n:e 6oph6b1 Ha KOHrpeccax

• 6an&lf>yp, KaK H3BCCTHO, y11aCTBOBaJI ell(e B 6epJIHHCKOM KOnrpecce H 6blJI

6pnTaHCKHM opeM&epoM 3a MHOrO JleT .no nnoii.n .l{lKOp.ltllCa.
" Ou roeopun: «JI ope.noo'IHTllJO oonecTH oopalKenue B 6op&6e 3a .neno,
KOTOpoe pauo HJJH 003.ltHO BOCTOpllCCCTByeT, 'ICM o.neplKaTb oo6e.ny B CJIYllCCHHH
TOMy, 'ITO paeo HJJH 003.ltHO .ltOJJllCHO oaCTb». «3a HCCKOJJbKO ue.neJJb .no ero KOH·
ua, - paccKa3blBaeT .l{:JBH.n floypeec, - oepe.n .noMoM 6blewero ope3n.neeTa
opoWJJa B MOJJ'laHHH .neneraMll HaMOHaJlbHOro .neMOKpaTH'ICCKoro KOHrpecca.
nuuo 8HJJbCOHa c 6JJYllC.ltalOll(HM B3rJJll.ltOM, ero CJJa6oe TCJJO, 6~3)((H3HCHHO JJelKa-
ewee e KpeCJJe, ero ynbl6Ka, 06pall(eeea11 K CTapblM .npyJ&llM, - see no coCTae-
JJllJJO cueey eeJa6bl&aeMoii Tpare.nnn» (CTp. 357).

493
 MHOroe 3aBHCHT OT C'laCTMI. Ho npH TaKOM COOTHOllleHHH
JIH'IHbIX CHJI C'laCTbe y)l(e IIO'ITH He HrpaeT pOJIH: H B
lllaXMaTax, H B 6oKce eCTb, BepOSITHO, :meMeHT C'laCTMI;
O.D.HaKo pSl.D.OBon lllaxMaTHCT, ca.D.S1Cb HrpaTh c AJiexH-
HhIM, pSl.D.OBon 6oxcep, BCTynag B 6opb6y c TeHHH, He
HMelOT HUKOKUX lllaHCOB Ha no6e.D.y.
B reHye co6paJIHCb npe,ll.CTaBHTeJIH TPH.D.U:aTH 'leTbipex
Hau:Hn, - .D.a)l(e e IIapH)l(e Hx 6bIJIO HeCKOJihKO MeHbllle.
JlJIOH.ll. ,[()l(Op,ll.)l(a O)l(H,ll.aJia BOCTOp)l(eHHaSI BCTpetia. AMe-
pHKaHCKHH )l(ypHaJIHCT IIHCaJI B nopbIBe 3HTY3Ha3Ma, 'ITO
6pHTaHCKHH npeMbep ecTb TO e.D.HHCTBeHHoe, tJeMy Coe.D.H-
HeHHhie IllrnThI MoryT no3aBH.D.OBaTh e AHrnHH. ,n:pyrou
)l(ypHaJIHCT npe.D.naran nepeHMeHoBaTb Palazzo San Gior-
gio, B KOTopoM co6Hpanacb xompepeHU:HSI, B Palazzo San
Lloyd-Georgio. «Balli npeMhep u:apHT Ha KOH<l>epeH-
U:HH», - TBep,ll.HJIH HHOCTpaHU:bI aHrJIH'laHaM.
EMy, noBTOpS110, H Ha.D.Jie)l(aJio Teneph u:apHTb. Bee B
Genova la Superba 6hIJIO no 3aMhICJIY «coeceM KaK B
IIapH)l(e». Ho BMecTo KneMaHco npe.D.Ce.D.aTeJihCTBoean
<l>aKTa, IIO'ITH HeH3BeCTHbIH y11eHHK .Ll:)l(OJIHTTH, 'IYTb JIM
He 3a HeCKOJibKO ,ll.Hen .ll.0 KOH<l>epeHU:HH BbIIIJiblBlllHH H3
IIOJIHTH'leCKOro He6bITHSI H CKOpO BHOBb B He6b1THe norpy-
3HBlllHHCSI. AMepHKa BOBCe He 6hIJia npe,ll.CTaBJieHa B re-
Hye. <l>paHU:HlO npe,ll.CTaBJISIJI ,ll.eJieraT c orpaHH'leHHbIMH
IIOJIHOMO'IHSIMH (BapTy). rnaea <l>paHU:Y3CKOro npaBHTeJib-
CTBa, IIyaHKape, KpanHe HpOHH'leCKH OTHOCHBlllHHCSI K
KoH<PepeHU:HH, npe.D.no11en ocTaTbCSI e IIapH)l(e. He npH-
exan H JleHHH, KOToporo )l(,ll.aJIH c oco6hIM HHTepecoM. 0
HeM ra3eThI 11yTh JIH He e)l(e,ll.HeBHO coo6manH ceHcau:HH:
«JleHHH roTOBHTCSI K OT'be3.D.y» ... «JleHHH Bbie3)1(aeT>> ...
«JleHHH Bbiexam> ... c JleHHHblM JlJIOH.ll. .Ll:)l(OP.ll.)l(Y TaK H
He npHlllJIOCb no3HaKOMHTbCSI. BMecTo JleHHHa 6hIJI qH-
11epHH, - 3TO, B CBOeM po.D.e, CTOHJIO 3aMeHbl KneMaHCO
HTaJibSIHCKHM npeMbepoM.
Tenepb K 6oJihllleBHKaM B Eepone npHBbIKJIH. Ho B
reHye COCTOSIJiaCb HX nepeag ceHCaU:HOHHaSI racTpOJib.
)J(enTaSI ne'laTb II03a6oTHJiaCb 0 He06bI'laHHOH peKJiaMe.
0.D.Ha H3 ra3eT coo6mHna, 'ITO «6a6ylllxa pyccxon peeo-
JIIOU:HH» so rnaee 0TpS1.n;a OT6opHbIX TeppopHCTOB Bbiexa-
na B lfraJIHIO c caMbIMH KpOBO)l(a,ll.HbIMH HaMepeHHSIMH.
3Toro MO)l(HO 6hIJIO O)l(H)J;aTb. qexoB roeopHT, 'ITO Hea-
IIOJIHTaHCKaSI nemepa c yrneKHCJIOTOH Ha ):{He COCTaBJISleT
npe,ll.eJI XHMH'leCKHX no3HaHHH ecex ryeepHaHTOK PoccHH.
IIpe.n;eJI ocee.n;oMJieHHOCTH 6ynhBapHOH npeccbI B eonpo-
cax pyccxoro oceo6o.n;HTeJibHOro .ll.BH)l(eHHSI cocTaBJISleT
494
«la grand-mere de la revolution russe» •. HoBOHCneqeHHOe
npaBHTeJibCTBO <l>arna npHmrno caMbie pernHTeJibHbie Me-
pbI .z:i:m1 oxpaHbI OT CTpaIIIHOH onaCHOCTH MO.ll:HbIX MO-
CKOBCKHX rocTeH. K HX rOCTHHHn;e «11MnepHaJih» 6hIJIO
npHCTaBJieHO TpHCTa Kapa6HHepoB H CTO TaHHbIX IlOJIH-
u;ei!:cKMX areHTOB («Matin», 7 anpem1 1922 ro.z:i:a). Oqm-
n;HaJihHhIH HCTOpHK KOHCpepeHn;HH MHJIJibC c caMbIM rny-
60KOMbICJieHHbIM BHJl:OM coo6maeT, qTO BC.SI MeCTHOCTb
CaHTa-MaprepHTa, r.n;e X<HJIH 6oJihIIIeBHKH, 6hIJia ou;en-
JieHa BOHCKaMH, a Ha pei!:.n; 6hIJI npHCJiaH H OCTaHOBHJIC.SI
He.n;aneKO OT 6epera MOill;HbIH HTaJib.SIHCKHH 6poHeHoceu;, -
KaKOBO 6bIJIO 3a.n;aHHe 6poHeHocu;a, CKa3aTb He 6epycb:
BepO.SITHO, o6cTpeJI.SITb «6a6yrnKy pyccKOH peBOJIIOUHH» B
cJiyqae noKyrneHH.SI Ha qHqepHHa.
«CJIHBKH HTaJib.SIHCKOH HHTeJIJIHreHl.l;HH» OTHeCJIHCb
oqeHb coqyBCTBeHHO K COBeTCKHM .n;eJieraTaM. CaM ra6-
pHeJie .n;' AHHyHu;Ho, He.n;aBHHH noBeJIHTeJib <l>HyMe, 3a.si:-
BHJI, qTO npHe)J;eT IlOBH,ll;aTb HX B reHyIO H, B ,ll;OilOJIHeHHe
K qmaraM TpH.n;n;aTH qeTbipex rocy.n;apCTB, BeJieJI IlO)J;H.SITb
Ha.n; BHJIJIOH AM6pHC CBOe 3HaM.SI (y Hero ecTb 3HaM.si:).
3HaMeHHThIH no3T B TY nopy Boo6me npo.si:BJI.SIJI HeK0To-
pb1e CMMnaTMH K COBeTCKOH BJiaCTH. B CBOeH qmyMCKOH
KOHCTMTYQHH (y Hero eCTb KOHCTMTYQH.SI) OH .ll:OBOJibHO
ycep.n;Ho no.n;paX<aJI JiyqrnHM MOCKOBHTCKHM 06pa3u;aM.
IloTOM .z:i:'AHHYHUHO H3MeHHJI B3rJI.Sl)J;bl, - TOX<e He Ha TY
Jiorna.n;h nocTaBHJI, HO no3Ty MOX<HO H nepecTaBHTh. Ero
COOTeqecTBeHHHK, .Ll:X<OBaHHH 3cn03HTO, B 1919 ro.n;y
OKpeCTHBIIIHH CbIHa «JleHHHbIM», c npHXO,ll;OM K BJiaCTH
MyccoJIHHH npocHJI KopoJI.si: pa3pernHTb pe6eHKY Ha3bI-
BaThC.SI EeHHTO.
c .n;eKopaTHBHOH CTOpOHbl, qHqepHH COBeprneHHO He
onpaB.n;aJI ceHcau;mL Ha nepBoM o6meM co6paHHH H3bIC-
KaHHa.si: ny6JIHKa c TpeneTOM X<)J;aJia IlO.SIBJieHH.SI rp03HOro
peBOJIIOl.l;HOHHOrO TpH6yHa, KOTOpbIH CKaX<eT HOBOe CJIO-
BO. BMeCTO 3TOro COJIH,ll;HOro BH,ll;a nOX<HJIOH qeJIOBeK, B
HOBeHbKOM CIOpTyKe H B 30JIOTbIX oqKax, BH,ll;HMO CMY-
ma.si:Cb H po6e.si:, eJie CJihIIIIHO npoqeJI no 3anHcoqKe qTo-To
qpe3Bb1qaifHO )J;JIHHHOe, HaCKYlfHBIIIee BCeM c nepBOH MM-
HYTbl. «TaK 3TO Hapo.n;Hble KOMHCCapbI!» - c H3YMJieHHeM
roBopHJIH BO .n;Bopu;e KoHcl>epeHn;HH. JlHTBHHOB H PaKoB-
CKHH oqeHb OXOTHO pacnHCbIBaJIHCb Ha OTKpbITKax, KOTO-
pbIMM 3anaCJIHCb MeX<.n;yHapO,ll;Hbie ncHxonaTKH, oqeHb

• «lia6yWKa pyccKoii peBOJJIOUHH» (,Pp.) - HMeeTc11 B BH.!IY E. K. lipewKo-

lipewK0BcKa11. - llpUM. peo.

495
 o6HJihHO rrpe.n;cTaBJieHHbie Ha KompepeHI~HH. CoBeTCKHe
.n;eneraThI JarreqaTJieHbI cpoTorpacpaMH BO Bcex BH.n;ax:
rpyrrrraMH, rropoJHb, CTOjJ, CH)J;jl, B BHJHTKax, BO cppaKax,
«Ja IIHCbMeHHbIM CTOJIOM» H 6eJ IIHCbMeHHOro CTOJia. Ha
6ecqHcJieHHbIX raJeTHbIX HJIJIIOCTpaQHjJX JIHQa HX TaK H
paCIIJibIBaIOTCjJ OT c.n;ep)KHBaeMoro c Tpy.n;oM BOCTOpra -
rrorraJIH, rrorraJIH B rocy.n;apcTBeHHhie JIIO.n;H! IloJ,n;Hee rrpH-
exaJI HTaJihjJHCKHH KOpOJib, - OHH IIOHeCJIHCb rrpe.n;cTaB-
JijJTbCjl KOpOJIIO «B qffcJie rrepBbIX», roBOpHT coqyBCTBeHHO
)KypHaJIHCT. Bo BpeMjl rrapa.n;noro o6e.n;a qHqepHH 06-
MeHjJJICjJ Ha ffJjJIQHbIX MeHIO aBTOrpacpaMH c reHy3JCKHM
apxHeIIHCKOIIOM, JaBepHB ero, IIO CJIOBaM KOppecrroH.n;en-
Ta «Times», qTo B PoccHH napHT rroJIHajl cBo6o.n;a BephI H
MhICJIH. EIQe paHhIIIe, B HaIIIyMeBIIIeM HHTepBhIO, qHqe-
pHH coo6IQHJI, qTo B EKaTepHn6ypre 6bm paccTpeJijJH
TOJibKO napb, a BeJIHKHX KHjl)KeH HHKTO ne TpoHyJI: «Ka-
)KeTCjJ, OHH Terreph B AMepHKe». 3ToT 6eJJacTeHqHBhIH
o6MaH, BIIpoqeM, BIIOJIHe COOTBeTCTBOBaJI o6IQeMy .n;yxy
KOHcpepeHQHH. 11crrOJIHeHHbie nenaBHCTH JaMeqaffHjl, KO-
TOpbIMH o6MeHjJJIHCb rrpe.n;cTaBHTeJIH IIOJibCKOro H JIH-
TOBCKoro rrpaBHTeJihCTB, 6hIJIH e.n;Ba JIH ne e.n;HHCTBeH-
HbIMH HCKpeHHHMH CJIOBaMH, CKaJaHHbIMH Ja HeCKOJibKO
He.n;eJih B f enye.
,ll;eJIOBbie paJrOBOpbI COIOJHHKOB c 60JibIIIeBHKaMH Ha
f eny3JCKOH KOHcpepeHQHH rrpe,n;CTaBJijJIOT C060H CIIJIOIII-
HOH aHeK,n;oT . .[(Jijl Haqana JlHTBHHOB rrperro.n;Hec CBOH
CIOprrpHJ - JHaMeHHTbIH cqeT 60JihIIIeBHKOB Ja y6hITKH,
rrpHqHneHHbie HHTepBeHQHeH. 3TOT cqeT COCTaBJijJJI mpu-
cma MU/l/lUap006 <fipaH.1<.06,- BepOj{THO, IlyaHKape B Ila-
pH)Ke OH .n;ocTaBHJI 6oJihIIIoe y.n;oBOJihCTBHe. Kor.n;a Jlnoii.n;
,ll;)Kop.n;)K YCJibIIIIaJI 0 TpexcTax MHJIJIHap.n;ax, OH MpaqHo
CKaJaJI 6oJihIIIeBHKaM, qTo )J;JijJ 3Toro, co6CTBeHHO, He
CTOHJIO IIpHeJ)KaTb HJ PoCCHH B fenyIO. JlHTBHHOB OXOT-
HO corJiaCHJICjJ c.n;eJiaTb CKH,IJ;KY B CTO ceMb,IJ;eCj{T Ilj{Tb
MHJIJIHap.n;oB. Ilo.n; Konen KOHcpepeHQHH 60JibIIIeBHKH Bbl-
paJHJIH )l(eJiaHHe IIOJiyqHTb, 6eJ BCjJKOro cqeTa, )];Ba MHJI-
JIHap.n;a cppaHKOB «Ha peKOHCTPYKQHIO». CaKCOH MHJIJihC
HeBOJMYTHMO JajJBJijJeT: «He MO)KeT 6b1Tb COMHeHHjl B
TOM, qTo IIOCTyJiaT 0 neo6xo.n;HMOCTH .n;eHe)KHOH rro.n;-
.n;ep)KKH PoccHH 6hIJI 6eJycnoBno rrpHHjJT pyccKoii .n;enera-
QHeii». ,ll;eHCTBHTeJibHO, B 3TOM He MO)KeT 6h1Tb COMHeHHjl.
TaKHe )Ke paJroBophI rrpoHcxo,n;HJIH B KOMHCCHjJX. BeJih-
rniicKHH 3KcrrepT KaTTbe rroTpe6oBaJI y PaKoBcKoro BOJ-
BpaIQeHHjl BKJia,IJ;OB, KOHcpHCKOBaHHbIX COBeTCKHM rrpaBH-
TeJihCTBOM B pyccKHX OT,IJ;eJieHHj{X HHOCTpaHHbIX 6aHKOB.

496
 PaKoBeKHH OTBeTHJI, qTo, K eoX<aneHuIO, :no Tpe6oBaHue
He MoX<eT 6bITh y~oBJieTBopeHo, H6o eoBeTeKoe npaBHTe-
JiheTBO HaQHOHaJIH3UpOBaJIO 6aHKU. «Ho B TaKOM enyqae
Bbl, KOHeqHo, He Hae He 6y~eTe Tpe6oBaTb pyeeKHX ~eHer,
KOTOph1e neX<aT B Hamux 6aHKax?» - enpoeun 6enhrune-
KUH ~eneraT. «HeT, HanpoTuB, MhI BhIHYX<~eHhI HaeTaH-
BaTh Ha B03BpaI.QeHuu HaM :nux ~eHer, u6o Bame npaBu-
TenheTBO 6aHKOB He Hau;uoHaJIU3UpOBaJIO>>, - OTBeTUJI
PaKOBeKHH. ,z:i:uanor 3TOT Bhl3BaJI B KOMUeeuu o6I.QUH
eMex. y J1JIOH~ .ll:X<op~X<a npomna OXOTa K ~eJIOBhIM pa3-
roBopaM. B eBoeii JaKJIJOquTeJihHOH peqJI Ha KompepeH-
u;uH - Ha~o eKa3aTh, BeebMa 3a6aBHOH - OH B JII06e3HOH
<PopMe, HO e xy~o eKpbITOH 3JI060H roBopun 60JihmeBU-
KaM: «Mb!, 3ana~Hble JIIO~H, uenOJIHeHhl npe~paeey~KOB.
Kor~a MhI ~aeM ~eHhrH B3aHMhI, MhI paeeqnThrnaeM no-
nyqHTh HX o6paTHO. Kor~a MhI qTo-nu6o npo~aeM, MhI
X<enaeM nonyqnTh Ja Toaap ~eHhru. 11 pa3yM Ham Ha-
eKB03h npoHHKHYT npe~6eX<~eHHeM (most extraordi-
nary prejudice) npoTUB oKa3aHU}I Kpe~HTa JIJO~}IM, npuH-
u;unhI KOTOpbIX 3anpeI.QaIOT ITJiaTUTh ~onru» ...
IIOJIHhIH npoBaJI reHy33CKOH KOH<l>epeHQHU, UOTOHYB-
meii BO Beeo6I.Qeii cKyKe, ~ocTaToqHo naM}ITeH. Hu o~Ha
U3 nocTaBneHHhIX Ja~aq pa3pemeHa He 6hlna. J1noii~
.ll:X<op~X<, pa3yMeeTe}I, H30 Beex CUJI eTapaJIC}I 3aMaCKHpo-
BaTb Hey~aqy. nhIJIO pemeHo eo6paThe}I eI.Qe Ha ~pyry10
KOH<l>epeHIJ;UIO B raare. DhlJI 3aKJIJOqeH ~oroBop 0 HeHa-
na~eHHH ~pyr Ha ~pyra 6 mel.leHue 11ecKO/lbKux MeCR1Je6.
Tpu~u;aTh qeTh1pe rocy~apcTBa B caMOH TOpX<eeTBeHHOH
<PopMe npHcoe~HHHJIUCh K 3TOMY ~oroBopy. Mena~u}I,
HoBa}I 3enaH~U}I, KaHa~a o6eI.QaJIH 4 Meejlu;a HH Ha Koro
He Hana~aTh. PaTeHay QHTnpoBan IleTpapKy. J1noii~
,ll;X<op~X< QHTupoBan CB}II.QeHHoe IIHcaHHe. Ho Ja pa3HO-
o6pa3HhIMU QHTaTaMU, 3a u;BeTaMH KpaeHopeqJijl Bee }leHO
noqyBCTBOBaJIH, qTo npOH30men Kpax 60JihmOH Kapbepbl.
KoMe~H}I ehirpaHa 6bma ITJioxo.
Ha npoI.QaJihHOM 6aHKeTe, KaK coo6I.QaeT o~Ha U3
raJeT, opKecTp urpan «Iloene~HHe HJIJII03HU».

XI.
OcTpoyMHhIH aHrnuiicKuii nHeaTeJih roBopHT, qTo ea-
MhIM Ba)KHhIM co6hITHeM B eBponeiicKoii HCTopuH XIX Be-
Ka 6hIJia Ta peBOJIIOQU}I, KOTOpoii 11e 6bt/lo B AHrnuu. 3aTo
497
 B XX BeKe B Attrmrn 6hma peBOJIIOQM.SI, npaB.n;a BecbMa
cBoeo6pa3Ha.SI. Otta npo113011ma B 'leTBepr, 19 OKT.SI6p.SI
1922 ro.n;a, B KapJihTOHCKOM KJiy6e, Ha yJIMQe Pall Mall, M
npo.n;omKaJiaCh OKOJIO qaca c 'leTBepTblO, OT 11 'laCOB 10
MHHYT yTpa .n;o noJIOBMHhI nepBoro.
BepttyBIIIMCh 113 1'1Tamrn .n;oMoii, JlJioii.n; ,[(JI<op.n;JI< npo-
.n;oJIJI<aJI .n;eJiaTh BH,D;, 6y.n;TO Bee COIIIJIO npeBOCXO,D;HO.
DhIJIH, npaB.n;a, B reHye KpH3HChI, HO «,D;JI.SI o6MJibHOH
JI<aTBhI .n;yptta.SI noro.n;a MHor.n;a TaK JI<e tteo6xo.n;11Ma, KaK
xopoIIIa.SI». YBhI, KphIJiaThie cppa3hI, CTOJih y.n;aBaBIIIMec.SI
npeJI<.n;e, Tenepb HaThIKaJIMCh Ha XOJIO,D;HYIO HpOHHIO aHr-
JIH'laH. B qacTHOCTM, CMTM npeKpactto noHMMaJio, 'ITO
o6MJibHOH JI<aTBhI HeT, KaK HeT H HaMeKa Ha KaKyIO 6hl TO
HH 6bIJIO JI<aTBy. 3cpcpeKTbI crnporo apTHCTa IlOBMCaJIM B
so3.n;yxe, 6oJihIIIe He BhI3hIBa.SI anJIO,D;HCMt!HTOB. Co BCeMH
CBOHMH CJIOBe'IKaMH, OTKpoBeHH.SIMH, HCKYCHhIMH petiaMM
M XMTpoyMHhIMM KOM6MHaQM.SIMM «BaJIJIMHCKMH KOJI.n;ym>
(TaK Ha3BaJI ero HopTKJIHcp) Ha.n;oeJI, OKOH'laTeJihHO Ha-
.n;oeJI, Ha.n;oeJI BCeM, .n;aJI<e co6CTBeHHhIM CBOHM MHHHCT-
paM. Hey.n;aqa 6aJIKaHcKoii noJIMTMKH JIJioii.n; ,ll;JI<op.n;JI<a
HattecJia eMy nocJie.n;HMH y.n;ap. AsaHrap.n;hl Mycrncph1-Ke-
MaJI.SI, no.SIBMBIIIHec.SI Ha no.n;cTynax K KottcTaHTMHonoJIIO,
BbI3BaJIH cepbe3HhIH KpH3HC B AHrJIHH. ra3eThI Bcero
MMpa o6JieTeJia cppa3a B .n;yxe BOCTO'IHbIX npeyBeJIH'leHMH,
CKa3aHHa.SI O,D;HHM H3 TypeQKHX ,D;HilJIOMaToB: «TIOIIIJIH
AJIJiax .n;oJirne ro.n;hI JI<M3HM M BJiaCTM JIJioii.n; ,ll;JI<op.n;JI<y:
OH 0,D;HH MOJI<eT pa3pyIIIHTb 6pHTaHCKYIO HMnepMIO» ...
,ll;BopQOBhIH nepesopoT Ha3peJI. Ero .n;yIIIOIO 6hm HhI-
HeIIIHMH rJiaBa 6pMTaHCKoro npaBMTeJibCTBa, 6bIBIIIHH MH-
HHCTp TOprOBJIH B Ka6MHeTe «BaJIJIHHCKOro KOJI,D;yHa». B
ap11cT0KpaTM'lecKoM KapJihTOHCKOM KJiy6e 6bmo Ha3Ha-
'leHo COBeIQaHMe KOHCepBaTHBHhIX 'IJieHOB naJiaTbI o6IQHH
AA.SI o6cyJI<.n;eHM.SI «TeKyIQero MOMeHTa». CoseIQaHMe C03hI-
BaJIM nocJie.n;HHe CTOpOHHHKM npeMbepa. TeKyIQMH Mo-
MeHT 6blJI o6cyJI<.n;eH otieHh 6hICTpo. EoHap Jloy BhICKa-
3aJic.SI npOTHB KOaJIHQHH (HHhIMH CJIOBaMH, npOTHB co-
xpaHeHM.SI Ka6MHeTa JIJIOH,D; ,[(JI<op.n;JI<a). 3TO BhI3BaJIO ceH-
caQHIO. EoHap Jloy He 6b1JI 11.n;eoJioroM CHTH: OH caM, TaK
cKa3aTh, 6blJI CMTM. TiocJie Hero c petihIO BhlcTynMJI CT::m-
JIM .60JI.n;y11H: «JIJioii.n; ,ll;JI<op.n;JI< yJI<e pacKoJioJI B cBoe
BpeM.SI JIH6epaJIOB, - .SI 6oIOCh, 'ITO OH paCKOJieT H KOH-
cepBaTOpOB» ... EoJI.n;yMH rosopMJI BoceMb Mwtym. K KOHQY
ero pe'IM npaBHTeJihCTBeHHa.SI Kaphepa JIJioii.n; ,ll;JI<op.n;JI<a
6bIJia KOH'leHa, a HCTOpH.SI AHrmiH npHH.SIJia HOBOe Hanpa-
BJieHMe Ha ,D;OJirHe rO,D;bI. TiepBbIH MHHHCTp HeMe.n;JieHHO

498
no,llaJI B OTCTaBKy. Ha ymm;e y ,llBepeii KJiy6a TOJina
OCBHCTaJia ero CTOpOHHHKOB - qeM6epneua H EepKeH-
xe,lla.
Ha cne,Ayroru;Hii )Ke ,AeHb nocne OTCTaBKH no nyTH H3
JlOH,llOHa B JlH,llC, OCTaHaBJIHBa.SICb Ha Ka)l(,llOH CTaHI~HH,
JlJIOH,ll ,ll;)l(Op,ll)I( c DJIOin;a,llKH CBoero Barona npOH3Hec
ceMb pel.leU! Ou roBopHn, tITO HHCKOJibKO ue .AOPO)l(HT
BJiaCTbJO, 11TO OtieHb pa,ll CBOeMy nepexo,Ay B onno3HUHJO.
«Moil Mell OCTaeTC.SI npH MHe... BH,ll Toro, tITO 6y.AyT
,lleJiaTb MOH npeeMHHKH, - BOT O,llHa H3 pa,llOCTeii, KOTO-
pble .SI npe.ABKymaro» •..
Tenepb ou y)l(e notITH rnecTb neT uaxo,AHTC.SI B on-
no3HUHH. Mo)l(HO npe,llnOJIO)l(HTb, 11TO onno3HUH.SI (.Aa eru:e
npH HHtITO)l(HOM 11HCJie CTOpOHHHKOB) ycnena eMy Ha,llO-
eCTb - OH ,llJI.SI nee He C03,llaH.

XII.
Bo BpeM.SI BOHHbI, no cnoBaM Mopya, npH reHepanb-
HOM IIITa6e COJ03HHKOB 6bIJIO TaK Ha3bIBaeMoe «repMaHC-
KOe OT,lleJieHHe». Ha11aJibHHKY OT,lleJieHH.SI (BbI6paH 6bIJI
reHepan c HeMeuxoii KpOBbJO B )l(HJiax) nopyt1eHo 6bIJIO
«.AyMaTb 3a JlJO,lleH,Aop$a». reHepaJI 3TOT MblCJieHHO pac-
nop.SI)l(aJIC.SI repMaHcKoii apMHeii. EMy HHt1ero He coo6-
ru:anH 06 HCTHHHbIX nJiaHax COJ03HOro KOMaH,AOBaHH.SI, HO
,llOCTaBJI.SIJIH axxypaTHO Bee Te CBe,lleHH.SI, KOTOpbie, no
MHeuuro pa3Be.AKH, Mornu 6bITb y HeMUeB. CornacHo
3aMbICJIY COJ03HOrO IIITa6a, HatiaJibHHK repMaHCKoro OT-
,lleJieHH.SI ,llOJI)l(eH 6bIJI ueJIHKOM nepeBonJIOTHTbC.SI B rJiaB-
HOKOM:aH,AyJOru;ero HenpH.SITeJibCKOH apMHeH. Ilepe,ll Ka)l(-
,llbIM OTBeTCTBeHHblM ,lleJIOM COJ03HbIH IIITa6 OCBe,llOMJI.SIJI-
C.SI y reHepana, KaK OH ,llyMaeT nocTyDHTb: npe,llnonara-
JIOCb, 11TO HMeHHO TaK nOCTYDHT H JlJO,lleH,llOp$.
He 3HaJO, KaKHe pe3yJibTaTbl ,llaJia 3Ta TOHKa.SI nCHXO-
JIOrutieCKa.SI BbI.AYMKa. Mopya yTBep)l(,uaeT, tITO xopoIIIHe.
0,AHaKo HeO)l(H,llaHHbIH npopbIB COJ03HOrO <l>POHTa B Map-
Te 1918 ro,lla, no)l(aJiyH, CBH,lleTeJibCTByeT 0 TOM, tITO
reHepan He Bcer,lla .AYMan, KaK Jlro.AeH,Aopip. He 6epycb
CY.AHTb, HMeeT JIH 6y.Ayru:ee 3TOT npHeM B BOeHHOM HCKyc-
CTBe. Ho B noJIHTHKe, c COOTBeTCTBeHHbIMH H3MeHeHH.SIMH,
OH Mor 6bl OKa3aTbC.SI none3HbIM. ,ll;aJiaM6ep TaIC onpe,lle-
JI.SleT pa3HHUY Me)l(,lly BOHHOH u noJIHTHKoii: Ha BoiiHe
uy)l(HO y6uBaTb JIJO,lleH, B nOJIHTHKe HX HY)l(HO o6MaHhl-
BaTb. He3at1eM npeyBeJIHtIHBaTb 3Hat1eHHe UHHHtIHbIX MblC-

499
JieH. nbIJIO 6bI oqeHb He;:i:ypHO, eCJIJI 6bI nepe;:i: 3HaMeHil-
TbIMH IIOJIHTHqecKHMH ;:i:e»TeJISIMH HHOr;:i:a BCTaBaJI co6-
CTBeHHbIH HX o6pa3 - B IIOHHMaHHH " OCBem:eHHH HX
CMepTeJibHbIX BparoB. 11 ew:e 6bIJIO 6bI nyqrne, eCJIH 6bI
caMH IIOJIHTHqecKHe ;:i:e»TeJIH HHor;:i:a HeHa)l;OJirO MOrJIH B
CBOHX BparoB nepeBOIIJIOW:aTbCfl.
B co6cTBeHHOM cBoeM ocBem:eHHH Jlnoii;:i: ,ll;)Kop;:i:)K
HeHJMeHHO KpyroM npaB. CTOHT npoqecTb p»;:i: peqeif,
CKa3aHHbIX HM B nocJie)l;HHe rO)l;bI: OH 6hIJI npaB pernn-
TeJibHO BO BCeM, - mo;:i:n, 3TO 0Tpnu:a10w:ne, nn6o rnynhl,
JIH6o He;:i:o6pocoBeCTHbl. 11 TO CKa3aTb: IIOJIHTHqecKne
;:i:e»TeJIH, npH3HaIOw:ne CBOH ornn6KH (He H3 KOKeTCTBa, B
KaKOM-JIH6o nyCT»Ke, a Bcepbe3), Boo6w:e BCTpeqaIOTCfl He
TaK qacTo. Ho caMoyBepeHHOCTh 6h1Brnero aHrJiniicKoro
npeMbepa )l;OJl)l(Ha 6b1Tb npH3HaHa HCKJIIOqnTeJibHOH.
B KpHBOM 3epKaJie BparoB )KH3Hh Jlnoii;:i: ,n:)Kop;:i:)Ka
npe;:i:cTaBJI»eTCfl COBeprneHHO HHOIO. IJoqTn BCe OCHOBHbie
;:i:eiiCTBHfl ero Kapbepbl MoryT 6hITb HCTOJIKOBaHbl B ;:i:yp-
HYIO CTopoHy.
y pyccKHX nOJIHTHqecKHX ;:i:e»TeJieii eCTb )l;OCTaToqHo
OCHOBaHHH BeCbMa He;:i:o6po)KeJiaTeJibHO OTHOCHTbCfl K
Jlnoli;:i: ,ll;)Kop;:i:)Ky. OH 6bIJI rnaBHbIM B.ll:OXHOBHTeJieM 1rna-
HOB pacqneuenn» Poccnn. B 1919 ro;:i:y B Ilapn)Ke Jlnoii;:i:
,ll;)KOPJl:)K TW:eTHO. CTapaJICfl CKJIOHHTb K 3TOH IIOJIHTHKe
npe3n;:i:eHTa BnJihCOHa, ncKycuo noJib3Y»Cb n;:i:eeli caMoon-
pe;:i:enemrn Hapo;:i:oB. MO)KHO 6hIJIO 6bl BCIIOMHHTb " MHO-
roe ;:i:pyroe, BIIJIOTb .ll:O pa3HbIX rnyToqeK, KOTOpbIMH B Ha-
qaJie reHy33CKOH KOH<lJepeHQHH OH CTapaJICfl 060JibCTHTb
6oJibllieBHKOB. OqeHb HenonyJI»peH JlJIOHJl: .ll:)KOPJl:)K " BO
<l>paHQHH - TO)Ke, KOHeqHo, He 6e3 OCHOBaHHfl. B co6-
CTBeHHOH ero CTpaHe " JIH6epaJibl, " KOHCepBaTOpbI, "
cou:naJIHCTbl OTHOCflTCfl K HeMy no MeHhrneii Mepe He)l;OBe-
pqnBO. OH oqeHh qyBcTBHTeJieH K Hana;:i:KaM neqaTn n
TW:aTeJibHO Ja Heil yxa)KHBaJI BCIO )KH3Hb, O,D;HaKO yxHT-
pHJICfl Ha)KHTb ce6e Bpara B nop;:i:e HopTKJin<iJe! rocno)Ka
IlaHKrepcT, KOTopa», Ka3aJIOCb 6hl, Hnqero He MOrJia
HMeTb npOTHB Hero, Kor;:i:a-TO B nopbIBe »pOCTH BOCK-
JIHKHyJia, qTo HenpeMeHHO OTpaBHJia 6hI JlJIOHJl: ,ll;)Kop;:i:-
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• OrHIO,Qb He CJJe.Qycrr .Q}'MaTb, 'ITO DOKOiiHoro npe311,11eHTa 6blJIO nerKO

npoeecTH. OH }'MeJI nopoio Haxo.QHTL H eeci.Ma npaKTH'leCKHe apryMeHTbl. TaK, e
cnope 0 «ceo6o.Qe MOpeii» BHJILCOH llCHO ,QaJI DOHllTb JlJioii.Q ,L{llCOP.lllKY' '!TO
Coe.QHHeHHble IIITaTbl MOrYT e CJJy'!ae Ha.Q06HOCTH BblCTpOHTL 6oni.we 6poHeHOC·
uee1 'leM AHmHll •
• Jlnoii.Q ,L{llCop.QllC 6narO.QywHO OTBeTHJl Ha 3TO, 'ITO HeMeMeHHO caM OT-
paBHJlCll 6L1, eCJJH 6bl CTaJI MyllCeM rocnollCH IIaHKrepcT.

500
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eparoe, qeM 6Lrno 6h1 ecTeCTBeuuo ,n;a)l(e B ero noJIO)l(e-
HHH.
JI11qHOCTb Jlno:H,n; ,[()l(Op,l()l(a, 6b1Tb MO)l(eT, H He BilOJIHe
COOTBeTCTByeT ero orpoMHOU HCTOpHqeCKOU poJIH. 3To
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KOM. Ou JaHHMaJI ,n;oJI)l(UOCTb MHUHCTpa 111ecTua,n;u;aTh neT
no,n;pjl,n;, - ecJIH He 0111116aIOcb, pexop,n; 3TOT no611n B
aurn11:Hcxo:H HCTopHH o,n;Hu TOJibKO YHJibjlM TIHTT. B 6onb-
1110M yMe, XHTpOCTH, ,l(HaJieKTHqecKHX ,n;apoBaHHjlX Jlno:H,n;
}J;)l(Op,n;)l(y TaK )Ke Tpy,n;uo OTKa3aTb, KaK B pe,n;KOM opaTopc-
KOM TaJiaHTe. Jlop,n; :Oepxeuxe,n; c IlOJIUblM npaBOM rOBOpHT
o «.n;eMoH11qecxou 3ueprnm> Jlno~ JJ;)l(op,n;)l(a. Ero HeJibJjl
HaJBaTh xapbepHCTOM, no xpa:HHe:H Mepe B oqeub xy,n;oM
CMblCJie 3Toro CJIOBa. Jlno:H,n; }J;)l(Op,n;)I( HHCKOJibKO He TH-
n11qeH Mjl aHrJIH:Hcxoro n116epana, o,n;Haxo BCjl ero non11-
T11qecxajl )l(HJHh npo111na B n116epanbHOH napTHH. Ou H
Tenepb, BepOjiTHO, nerxo Mor 6bl BepHyTbCjl K BJiaCTH, eCJIH
6bI, KaK qepqHJIJib, IlOKHUYJI JIH6epaJIOB. floqeMy OH 3TOro
He ,n;enaeT' DO)l(aJiyu, He COBCeM IlOHjiTHO: JlJIOU,l( ,[()l{Op,l()I{
,l(OCTaToqHo jiCHO IlOKa3aJI, qTo H B npe,n;enax 0,l(UOH rpynnbl
MO)l(UO 6bITb 6ecnpHHQHDUblM qeJIOBeKOM. 0 ero H,l(ejlX
roeopHTb He npHXO,l(HTCjl - CJIHIIIKOM pa3Hble y Hero H,l(eH.
}J;HnJioMaThI BeHcxoro KOHrpecca, B cymuocTH, npojlBHJIH
60Jibllle «npHHQHDHaJibHOCTH», qeM 3TOT JIH,n;ep napTHH
r Jia,l(CTOHa.
CaMajl jlpKajl H, 6hITb MO)l{eT, caMajl np11enexaTeJILHajl
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)l(a,l(HhIH HHTepec K )l{HJHH. Tpy,n;Ho ce6e npe,n;cTaBHTb
qeJIOBeKa c 6onee 60,n;pbIM H pa,n;OCTHblM TeMnepaMeUTOM.
B nopy TiapH)l{CKOH xompepeuu;HH, xor,n;a OH 6hIJI TaK
JaeaneH pa6oTo:H, MHe, noMHIO, cnyq11noch ys11,n;eTb ero
B6JIH3H Ha KaKOM-TO BOKaJibHO-Tauu;eBaJibUOM eeqepe.
Cpe.n11 neeu;oe He 6brno IllaJijlfiJIHa H cpe.l(H 6anepHH He
6hIJIO TiaBJIOBOH, HO Jlno:H,n; }J;)l{Op,l()I{, BH,l(HMO, oqeub
HaCJia)l{,l(aJICjl TpeTheCTeneHHOH nporpaMMOH H 6ypHO
BCeM anJIO,l(HpOBaJI. YMHOe, XHTpeUbKOe H 6narO,l(YIIIUOe
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OH Bee CTpaCTHO JII06HT B )l{H3HH: rOJib<}> H napnaMeHT'
BaJIJIHHCKHX neBQOB H Me)l{,l(yuapo,n;Uble KOHCl>epeHQHH, xo-
po111He c11rapb1 H non11T11qecxyw 6opL6y. )l(eHa ero xax-To
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JIHBa, xor,n;a y Jino:H,n; JJ;)l{op,n;)l{a cnyqaIOTCjl JaTpy,n;HeHHjl:
OT 60pb6bl OH CTaHOBHTCji ropa3,l(Q 3,l(OpOBee. flo DpHpO-
,n;e «KOMYH», eepojlTHO, oqeHb ue 3JIOH qenoeex. Co BceM
501
OilbITOM IIIeCTHaMaTH JieT BJiaCTH OH H Tenepb ,ll;OBOJibHO
pacnoJIO:>KeH K JIJO,ll;SIM, coxpaHHB B IlOJIHOH Mepe JOHOIIIeC-
KOe K HHM mo6onbITCTBO. JI IlO,ll;03peBaJO, 11TO ero MHOro-
KpaTHbie non&ITKH BcTynHTb B JIH11H&Ie neper0Bop&1 c
60JibIIIeBHKaMH, oco6eHHO c caMHM JleHHHbIM, 6bIJIH npo-
.n;HKTOBaHbl He TOJlbKO IlOJIHTH11eCKHMH coo6pa:>KeHHSIMH:
Jlno:H.n: ,[J;:>Kop,n;:>Ky, BepHO, eiqe XOTeJIOCb H IlOCMOTpeTb,
KaKHe TaKHe 60JibIIIeBHKH. bHOrpa$HSI JlHTBHHOBa, Ha-
npHMep, He Morna He 6&ITb eMy HJBeCTHOH. PaiiT, ceK-
peTapb BepxoBHoro BOeHHoro coBeTa, roBopHT o «He-
HCKopeHHMOM npHCTpaCTHH Jlno:H.n: ,[J;:>Kop.n;:>Ka K HH3KHM H
6eccoBeCTHbIM JIJO,ll;SIM». 3TO CKaJaHo CJIHIIIKOM CHJibHO.
Ho HeK0Top&1:H xy,n;o:>KecTBeHHbIH HHTepec K mo.n;SIM THna
JlHTBHHOBa, IlO-MOeMy, .ll:OJl:>KHO npe.n:noJIO:>KHTb y JlnoH:.n:
,D;:>Kop,n::>Ka.
l:JTo )l(Jl:eT ero B 6y.n:yiqeM? KaKOBbI ero nnaH&I? K
11eMy OH CTpeMHTCSI? AHrnH:HcKoe aKa,n:eMH11ecKoe HJ,n:aHHe
06'bS1CHS1eT HbIHeIIIHee HepacnoJIO)l(eHHe K JinoH:.n: ,[J;:>KOp):{-
)l(y KOHCepBaTopoB ero 11pe3MepHbIMH CHMilaTHSIMH K co-
QHaJIHJMy. Ho nop.n: EepKeHxe.n: B CBoe:H He,n:aBHO BbIIIIe-
.n:me:H KHHre rOBOpHT: «JI y6e:>K,n:eH, 11TO B BeJIHKOH 6opb6e,
B TOH e,n:HHCTBeHHOH 6opb6e, KOTOpaSI npe,n:CTOHT HaM B
IlOJIHTH11eCKOH )l(H3HH, B 6op&6e HbIHe cyiqeCTByJOiqero
CTpOSI c COQHaJIH3MOM Jlno:H.n: ,[J;:>Kop,n::>K 6y,n:eT caMblM
KpacHope11HBbIM H caMbIM MOI.qHbIM H3 Bcex BparoB Kpac-
Horo .n:ena». bblBIIIHH TBOpe11 «peBOJIJOllHOHHOro 610.n:-
)l(eTa» B CBOHX pe11ax TO o6xo,n:HT COIIHaJIHCTOB CJieBa, TO
IlOTemaeTCSI Ha,n: HHMH B .n:yxe EepKeHxe.n:a HJIH HbIHelll-
Hero l:Jep11HJIJIS1. OH He TaK CTap. 3aKJIJ011HTeJI&Hbie rnaB&I
ero nonHTH11ecKo:H 6norpa$HH noKa He HanHcaH&I. KaKo-
Bbl OHH 6y,n:yT, cKaJaTb Tpy,n:Ho. Ho ecTb ocHoBaHHSI
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6oraTeHllIHM eo.D:ep)l(aTeJieM eey.D:HOH Kaeeh1, a Tpou,KRH
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Tex .D:eS1TeneM:, KOTOpb1x EBpona npoTRBonoeTaBRJia <l>paH-

• nucappo <l>paHCHCKO (1475-1541) - ucnaHCKHii KOHKHCTaAOp. - llpuM.

peo.

505
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3<l><f>eKTHa.si. OH yqacTBOBaJI B n.siTH KaMnaH:n.six, B A3HH, B
A<f>p:nKe, B AMep:nKe, cpa)l(aJic.si Ha 6poHHpoBaHHOM noe3-
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BaJI H co103 npoTHB cou:naJIHCTOB. HeKoTopa.si JierKOCTb B
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H BMecTe c JlJioif.n ,[()l(op.n)l(eM H c Jiop;:i;oM EepKeHxe,noM
MHpoBoif peKop;:i;cMeH ra3eTHoro roHopapa: eMy nJiaT.siT,
Ka)l(eTC.sl, n.siTbCOT rHHeH, T. e. 70 TblC. <f>paHKOB 3a CTaTblO.
3To He 3HaqHT, KOHeqHo, qTO aHrJIHMCKHe ra3eTbl TaK
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Jiyqrne. qepqHJIJih H EepKeHxe.n HY)l(HbI ra3eTaM .nn.si peK-
JiaMhI KaK Ba)l(Hble noJIHT:nqecKHe reHepaJihI. ToT aHeK;:i;o-
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ral>>* nepeBeJI: «xoporno 6bITh reHepaJIOM» - 6hm, no cy-
mecTBy, npaB: ;:i;eifcTBHTeJihHO, oqeHh xoporno 6hITh reHe-
paJioM. IlHCaJI qepqHJIJib TaK)l(e H poMaHhl .. , nHcaJI H Kap-
THHbl. Kapl'HH ero .si He BH.D;eJI; 6eJIJieTpHcT )l(e OH HeBa)l(-
HhlH, H KpHTHKH B CBOe BpeM.si eMy HaMeKaJIH, qTo 3TO,
co6cTBeHHO, He ero ;:i;eJio. TaK Capa EepHap B cBo6o,nHoe
BpeM.si JienHJia CTaTyH. rJI.si,n.si Ha HHX, Po;:i;eH pyraJIC.sl
HenpHCTOHHblMH CJIOBaMH H rp03HJI nocTynHTb Ha cueey.
qepqHJIJih, KaK H3BeCTHO, npoHCXO,!J;HT H3 oqeHh 3HaT-
HOH ceMhH. OH BHYK ce;:i;hMoro repuora Manh6opo H

• «06mee 6narocOCTOllHHe» (<fip.). lirpa cnos: «bien etre general» - xopowo

6b1TL reHepanoM. - llpUM. peiJ.
.. He .llOJDICHO CMCWHB8TL ero c H3BecTHLIM aMeplUCaHCKHM poMaHHCTOM
Y HHCTOHOM lJ:ep'IHJIJleM.

506
IIOTOMOK rrepBoro 3HaMeHHTOro IIOJIKOBO)J;Qa, Toro caMO-
ro, KOMY coJ.n;aJIH MHpoByro cJiaBy ero 6Jiecnnu;11e 1106e-
.n;h1, 6ypHa.SI poMaHTHtfeCKa.SI )l(H3Hb H, 6bITb MO)l(eT' Bcero
6oJiee rreceHKa «MaJih6pyK B rroxo.n; co6panc.SI», CJIO)l(eH-
Ha.SI cppaHu;yJaMH rrocJie cpa)l(eHH.SI rrpH MaJihIIJiaKe·.
qHTaTeJIH, Bepo.SITHO, IIOMH.SIT, rrpH KaKHX o6CTO.SITeJib-
CTBax c.n;eJiaJI CKa30'IHYIO Kapbepy ,l()l(OH qeptIHJIJih, He6o-
raThlH .n;eBOHlllHpCKHH ,!J;BOpjJHHH, rrp03BaHHblH «rrpeKpac-
HblM aHrJIH'laHHHOM». Ero cecTpa 6hma JI1060BH11u;eii
RKoBa II, a )l(eHa - cpaBopHTKOH KopoJieBhI AHHhI. TaKHM
o6pa30M, MHJIOCTb 06e11x Bpa)l(,!J;OBaBlllliX )J;HHaCTHH 6bIJia
o6ecrre'leHa KpacaBu;y. OrpoMHhie .n;apoBaHHjl, rrpoj{BHB-
urnecjl B BOHHe H B IIOJIHTHKe, ,!J;OCTaBHJIH eMy repu;orCKHH
THTyJI, op.n;eH Ilo.n;B.SI3KH H HecMeTHOe 6oraTCTBo. IIocJie
ero CMepTH O)J;HHX HaJIH'IHblX .n;eHer OCTaJIOCb B rrorpe6ax
IIpHHa,!J;Jie)l(aBlllero eMy oJieHreHMCKOrO 3aMKa OKOJIO
.n;Byx MHJIJIHOHOB cpyHToB cTepJIHHroB - CYMMa rro TeM
BpeMeHaM HeCJibIXaHHajl.
ECJIH 'IHTaTeJIH He IIOMH.SIT Bcero :noro, OHH JierKO
Haii.n;yT HY)l(Hbie CBe.n;eHHjl B MHOrO'IHCJieHHbIX 6Horpa-
cpHjlX rrepBoro repu;ora MaJih6opo. Ilepe.n;o MHOH ceiitiac
Jie)l(aT .n;Be ero 6HorpacpHH - rretfaJihHa.SI HJIJIIOCTpau;Hjl
Bee K TOH :>Ke TeMe 0 «cy.n;e HCTOpHH». 0.n;Ha HaIIHCaHa
cppaHQY30M, .n;pyrajl - aHrJIH'laHHHOM, H OHR He BO BCeM
CXO,!J;.SITC.SI. - Manh6opo 6hIJI COBepllleHHeHlllHH MOllleH-
HHK, yTBep)l(.n;aeT cppaHu;y3CKHH HCTOpHK. - ,l(ocTOHHeH-
lllHH 6bIJI 'leJIOBeK, YTBep)l()J;aeT HCTOpHK aHrJIHHCKHH. -
MaJib6opo rrpo.n;aBaJI RKoBa II BHJihreJihMY OpaHcKoMy H
BHJihreJibMa OpaHcKoro RKoBy II. - He rrpo.n;aBaJI, a
pa3Be BeJI ce6.SI HeMHOro ABYCMblCJieHHO, KaK OtfeHb MHO-
rne B TY rropy. - Manb6opo Bh1.n;aJI JI10.n;OBHKY XIV
aHrJIHHCKHH IIJiaH aTaKH BpecTa, AJI.SI Toro 'IT06h1 rrory-
6HTh cBoero rrpeeMHHKa H correpHHKa ToJihMallla. - Ox,
rrpaB.n;a, BhI.D;aJI, HO BOBce He AJI.SI :noro, a AJI.SI Toro, 'IT06h1
oKaJaTh ycJiyry HJrHaHHOMY KopoJIIO RKoBy II, KOToporo
OH KaK pa3 B TY rropy OlljJTb rrpH3HaJI CBOHM 3aKOHHblM
MOHapxoM. - MaJih6opo KJiaJI B co6cTBeHHhIH KapMaH
)l(aJIOBaHhe y6HThIX Ha BOHHe coJI.n;aT. - OtieHh Tpy.n;Ho
BhrnCH.SITb IIpOHCXO)l(,ll;eHHe .n;eHer B tfY)l(OM KapMaHe. -
OTKy.n;a )Ke BJjJJI MaJib6opo .n;Ba MHJIJIHOHa cpyHToB? -
,l(a MaJIO JIH OTKy.n;a? Hy, CKOIIHJI, 6bIJI 6epe)l(JIHBhlH
tieJioBeK... B coBoKyrrHocTH Bee 3TO HaJhrnaeTc.SI rrp11roBo-
poM HCTOpHH. PaJo6paThCjl B HeM HeJieno. Mo)l(eT 6hITh,

• He11:0TOpL1e Tpy.t10JU06HB!de HCCJIC.UOBaTCJIH, snpo'ICM, HHa'le o6J.llCHlllOT

npOHCXOllC.!lCHHC 3TOH IlCCHH.

507
 MhI BnpaBe OTHecn1 K Manh6opo cnoBeqKo PuBapom1:
«Pa.nu ,neHer OH 6hIJI cnoco6eH Ha qTo yro,nHo, ,naJKe Ha
qecTHhIH nocTynoK». A MOJKeT 6hITh, Manh6opo uMeeT
3aKOHHhie npaBa Ha naMRTHUK, - Be.[{h oqeHh MHorue
naMRTHUKU cnyJKaT HarJIR.[{HhIM .[{OKa3aTeJihCTBOM qeJIO-
BeqecKOH CHUCXO.[{UTeJihHOCTU.
)l{u3Hh KaJK,noro u3 noTOMKOB «npeKpacHoro aHrnu-
qaHuHa» Morna 6hI ,naTh TeMy poMaHUCTy. JI He CTaHy,
pa3yMeeTCR, U3JiaraTh 6uorpaqmIO BOChMU CJie,nyIOil{UX
repu;oroB Manh6opo. CKaJKy TOJihKO, qTo 3a ,nBa cTone-
TUR :nu BOCeMh poMaHTUKOB ycnenu CUJihHO pacTpRCTU
6oraTCTBo, ocTaBJieHHoe no6e,nuTeJieM npu EneHreii:Me.
Oco6eHHO nopa6oTaJI B :noM HanpaBJieHuu BOChMOii rep-
u;or' cnycTUBIIIUH ,naJKe <l>aMUJihHhie 6pUJIJIUaHThl u npeBo-
CXO.[{HYIO KapTUHHYIO ranepeIO (nyqIIIue ee COKpOBUil{a,
KCTaTu CKa3aTh, .nocTanuch HaIIIeMy 3pMuTaJKy). He HYJK-
Ho, BnpoqeM, npuHUMaTh Bee :no CJIUIIIKOM TparuqecKu:
OCTaBIIIUCh 6naro.napR BOChMOMY repu;ory 6e3 6pUJIJIUaH-
TOB u 6e3 ranepeu, ,neBRThIH repu;or JKeHUJICR Ha ,noqepu
BaH,nep6unbTa, - TOJihKO u Bcero. «Fluctuat nee mergi-
tur» («KaqaeTCR Ha BOJIHax, HO He TOHeT>>), - roBopun B
Tpy,nHhie MUHYThI JKU3HU repu;or Manh6opo.
0Teu; YuHcTOHa qepquJIJIR 6hIJI TOJKe 3HaMeHUThIH
qeJIOBeK, - qeJIOBeK BeCbMa CTpaHHhIH, 6hITh MOJKeT, He
BilOJIHe HOpMaJihHhIH, HO, 6bITh MOJKeT, u c npo6necKaMU
reHUaJihHOCTU.
Jlop.n PaH,non<I> qepquJIJih, TpeTuii ChIH ce,nhMoro rep-
u;ora Manh6opo, B TeqeHue Tpu,nu;aTu neT, ell{e co IIIKOJih-
HOH cKaMhU, 3aHuMaJI co6ou u nonuTuqecKyIO, u cBeTc-
KYIO xpoHuKy AHrJIJm. 3HaMeHuT OH 6hIJI caMhIMU pa3-
HhIMU ,neJiaMU. IlRTHa,nu;aTU JieT OT po.ny, ell{e B 6hITHOCTh
CBOIO yqeHUKOM 11TOHCKOH IIIKOJihl, OH no nopyqeHUIO
oTu;a npou3Hec nonuTuqecKy10 peqb. HecKOJihKUMU ro.na-
MU no3,nHee PaH,non<I> qepquJIJih urpan napTu10 B IIIax-
MaThI c qeMnuoHOM Mupa CTenHuu;eM. IlpaB,na, nonuTu-
qecKaR peqh nRTHa,nu;aTuJieTHero nop.na He npou3BeJia B
Mupe rny6oKoro BneqaTJieHuR, a napTuIO B IIIaxMaThI
Bhmrpan CTenHuu; (KOTOphIH urpan, He rnR,nR Ha .nocKy).
0,nHaKo co.nepJKaHue pequ no.npo6Ho U3JIOJKUJIU 6puTaHc-
Kue ra3eThl, a Bee XO.[{hl UCTOpuqecKOH napTUU B IIIax-
MaThI, OT nepBoro .no nocne,nHero, Tpu,nu;aTh TpeThero,
6naroroBenHo 3aneqaTJieHhI ,nJIR noTOMCTBa B 6uorpa-
<l>uRx nop.na PaH,noncl>a. BoT qTo 3HaquT 6hITh ChIHOM
repu;ora Manh6opo! HecKOJihKO no3JKe KaKaR-To, JIUIIIh
HaMeKaMU U3JiaraeMaR B 3TUX 6uorpacl>URX, KJiy6HaR uc-
TOpUR HaHecna rnJKKUH y,nap cBeTcKou Kaphepe PaH,non<l>a

508
 qep'IHJIJUI: no CJIOBaM ero ChIHa, OH HaBJieK Ha ce6si:
HeMHJIOCTh 11pe3BhI'laHHO BhICOKonocTaBJieHHOro JIHila.
3aTeM nop.[{ PaH.[{OJicp MHoro nyTernecTBOBaJI, CTpensi:n
JihBOB B AcppHKe, JaBeJI y.[{HBHTeJihHYIO cKaK0By10 KOHIOrn-
HIO. 0.[{Ha ero K06hma nonana .[{a)l(e B Ep11TaHcKy10 ::m-
1\HKJione.[{HIO. 3TOH K06bIJie qep'IHJIJih .[{aJI HMSI «Abbes-
se de Jouarre>>* - MhlCJih nOHCTHHe .[{OBOJihHO CTpaHHaSI.
ne,[{H'>IH 3pHeCT PeHaH! qT06bI nO'ITHTh 3HaMeHHTOro
CKenTHKa-naQHcpHCTa, COOTe'leCTBeHHHKH Ha3BaJIH ero
HMeHeM 6poHeHoceQ, a B Anrn1111 HMeHeM repoHHH ero
.[{paMhI Ha3BaHa cKaKoBasi: norna.[{h. Bnpo11eM, 6naro.[{apsi
norna.[{H HMR 3TO 011eHh npocnaBHJIOCh. CopoK neT TOMY
Ha3a.[{ Ha Bonpoc, 'ITO TaKoe «Abbesse de Jouarre», .[{eBRTh
?HrJIH'laH H3 .[{eCRTH, HaBepHoe, OTBeTHJIH 6bI 6e3 KOJie6a-
HHSI: «Ko6bIJia nop.[{a PaH.[{oncpa qep11HJIJIR».
Ho, pa3yMeeTcsi:, HacTosi:meli cBoeii: cnaBoH PaH.[{OJicp
qep'IHJIJih o6si:3aH He rnaxMaTaM, He JlbBaM, He CKaKOBOH
KOHIOrnHe, a nonHTHKe. Eme B paHHeH MOJIO.[{OCTH OH 6hIJI
3aMe'leH ,[(H3pa3JIH, KOTOpbIH O'leHb JII06HJI MOJIO,[{e)l(h,
oco6eHHO, MOJIO,[{e)l(b 6ypHyIO H 3KCQeHTpH'leCKYJO. Jlop.[{
PaH,[{OJicp CTaJI 'IJieHOM naJiaThl o6mHH B O'leHb IOHOM
B03pacTe. B napnaMeHTe OH npHMKHYJI K KpaHHHM KOH-
cepBaTopaM H Mor 6h1 cKa3aTh o ce6e, KaK O.[{HH Harn
COOTe'leCTBeHHHK, 'IJieH rocy.[{apCTBeHHOrO COBeTa: «Ilpa-
Bee MeHsi: - cTeHa». B rnyMHOH napnaMeHTCKoii: H3BeCT-
HOCTH PaH.[{oncpa qep1111nnsi: MHoroe HanoMHHano nHKOHC-
cpHJI.[{a •• H Koe-'ITO JleoHa ,[(o.[{e. BhlXO.[{KH MOJIO.[{oro
nop.[{a c nepBhIX )l(e .[{HeH o6paTHJIH Ha Hero Bceo6mee
BHHMaHHe. Bcero 6onee npocnaBHJia nop.[{a PaH.[{oncpa ero
BOHHa c qapmoM Ep3.[{JIO.
3Ty O'leHb HarnyMeBllIYIO KOr,[{a-To, Tenepb .[{aBHO 3a-
6hITYIO HCTOpHIO, no)l(aJiyii:, CTOHT HanOMHHTh 'IHTaTe-
JISIM. qapn3 Ep3MO, Bhillle.[{llIHH HJ BeChMa Ha60)l(HOii:
ceMhH, 6hlJI OT'hSIBJieHHhIH H BOHHCTBYIOl.l\HH aTeHCT.
ATeHCThI, SIBHhie H CKpblThie, BCTpe11aIOTCSI, KOHe'IHO, H
cpe.[{H 6pHTaHCKHX KOHCepBaTopoB, - MHOroe MO)l(HO
6hIJIO 6hI, HanpHMep, CKa3aTh 0 cpHJIOCOcpCKO-peJIHrH03-
HhIX B3rJIR.[{ax nop.[{a Eanhcpypa HJIH caMoro ));113pa3JIH.
Ho Boo6me 3To MHpOB033peHHe He 6naronpHSITCTByeT
ycnexy B Ben11Ko6p11TaHHH, oco6eHHO B KOHcepBaTHBHhIX
ee Kpyrax. Ep3MO )l(e 6bIJI aTeHCT 6ypHb1ii: H cpaHaT1111e-
CKHii:. 3TOT qeJIOBeK, 6hIBllIHH B IOHOCTH aHrJIHKaHCKHM
MHCCHOHepoM, 3aTeM CJIYX<HBllIHH B .[{paryHax, eme no-

' «A66aTHcca H3 )[(yapa» ((ftp.), ni.eca 3. Peaaaa (1886). - llpuM. peiJ.

" rpaci> DHKOHCcjlHJIJI, DCH.nllCaMHH ,L(H3pa3JJH (1804-1881) - npeMbep-MH-
HHCTp BeJJHK06pHTaHHH. - lJpUM. peiJ.

509
 3,D;Hee CTaBIIIHH IIOJIHTHqecKHM arHTaTopOM 0 , OTJIHqaJIC.sI
ueo6h1qaiinhIM ynp.siMCTBOM. B oTqa.siuuoH: aTeHCTHqecKoii
KaMIIaHHH, KOTopyIO OH BeJI, qapJI3Y Ep3MO IIOMOraJia
6JIH3Ka.si K ueMy B TY nopy noJioyMna.si MHCTpHcc Auna
Ee3aHT, BIIOCJie,D;CTBHH H3MeHHBIIIa.sI CBOeMy .n;pyry )J;Jl.sI
EJieHhl EJiaBaTcKoii: H npeBpaTHBrua.sic.si H3 <PanaTHqecKoii:
aTeHCTKH B CTOJih JKe <PanaTHqecKy10 Teoco<l>Ky. ATeHCTH-
qecKa.si KaMnaHH.sI 6hIBIIIero MHCCHOHepa H 6y.n;yrueii: Teo-
co<PKH HMeJia ycnex B HopC3MIITOHCKOM oKpyre, cqHTaB-
rueMc.si Tor.n;a uaH6oJiee pa.n;HKaJihHhIM B AnrJIHH. Ep3.n;Jio
6hm H36pau B naJiaTy o6inHu, npHqeM 3apauee OTKa3aJic.si
IIpHHeCTH ycTaHOBJienuy10 IIpHCHry: OH uacTaHBaJI ua 3a-
Meue ee npoCThIM o6einauHeM. B napJiaMenTe H B o6ine-
CTBe MHeHH.sI pa3,D;eJIHJIHCh. IJepBbIH MHHHCTp rJia,D;CTOH,
KaK H3BeCTHO, qeJIOBeK rJiy6oKo peJIHrH03HhIH, H3 yBaJKe-
HH.sI K CB06o.n;e MhICJIH CTO.sIJI 3a y.n;oBJieTBOpeHHe xo.n;aTaii:-
CTBa Ep3MO. KoucepBaTopbI KOJie6aJIHCh. MoJio.n;oH:
Jiop.n; Pau.n;oJI<P qepqHJIJih noTpe6osaJI cJiosa H npoH3Hec
ueo6hlqaii:uo pe3KYIO pe% npoTHB «nesepnhIX» (infidels),
B 3aKJIIOqenHe KOTOpoii: npoqeJI ueCKOJibKO Bbl,D;epJKeK H3
KHHJKKH Ep3MO, pa3opsaJI ee H pacTOIITaJI KJioqhff uora-
MH. 3Ta BhIXO,D;Ka HMeJia IIIYMHhIH ycnex H peIIIHJia cy.n;h6y
xo.n;aTaHCTBa Ep3MO. IlaJiaTa ocTaBHJia B MeHhIIIHHCTBe
rJia,D;CTOHa, H CIIHKep npe)J;JIOJKHJI «BhlCOKOIIOqTeHHOMY
,D;JKeHTJihMeuy H3 Hopc3MIITona» y.n;aJIHThCH H3 3aJihI 3a-
ce.n;anHH:. TyT npoH30IIIJIO ueqTo u0Tp.s1ca10inee. qapJI3
Ep3.n;Jio 3aHBHJI, qTo B napJiaMeHT ero nocJiaJIH H36Hpa-
TeJIH H qTo yiiTH 3uaqHJIO 6hl o6ManyTh HX .n;oBepHe; a
IIOTOMY OH, K 60JibllIOMY CBOeMy oropqenHIO, HHKaK ue
MOJKeT npHH.sITh c.n;eJiauuoe eMy npeMOJKeHHe. Ilo CJIOBaM
oqeBH,D;Ua, npH 3TOM uecJihIXaHHOM OTBeTe see 3aMepJio:
3aMepJIH KOHCepBaTOpbI, 3aMepJIH JIH6epaJibl, 3aMepJia ny-
6JIHKa, 3aMepJIH MHHHCTpbl BO rJiaBe c rJia,D;CTOHOM. CnH-
Kep TOJKe cuaqaJia OHeMeJI, HO CKopo BhIIIIeJI H3 CTOJI6H.sIKa
H rpo60BbIM rOJIOCOM 3aIIpOCHJI naJiaTy o6IQHH, ue .n;y-
MaeT JIH oua, qTo B TaKOM CJiyqae K BbICOKOIIOqTeHHOMY
.n;JKeHTJihMeuy H3 Hopc3MIIToua .n;oJIJKHO 6h1Th npHMeneuo
«pyquoe .n;aBJieHHe» («the manual pressure»). IlaJiaTa no-
.n;aBJI.sIIOIQHM 6oJihllIHHCTBOM corJiaCHJiaCb c MHeHHeM
CIIHKepa. bhIJia II03Bana CTpaJKa, KOTOpaH H IIpHMeHHJia
«pyquoe .n;aBJieHHe» K BhICOKOIIOqTeHHOMY ,D;JKeHTJibMeHy
H3 Hopc3MIIToua, HHhIMH CJIOBaMH, BhIBeJia ero H3 3aJihI
3ace.n;anHii:, - o.n;naKo ueua.n;oJiro: qepe3 uecKOJihKO MH-

• Ou, KCTaTH CKll3aTb, 6orOTBOpHJI A. H. repueea H OO'leMy-To C'IHTaJI ce611

ero Y'feHHKOM.

510
 H)'T Ep3.l(JIO, K BemIKOH pa,n:OCTH HHOCTpaHHhlX KOppec-
IIOH,l(eHTOB, s6e:>Kan B 3any qepe3 ,n:pyry10 .n:sepb u 3amm
CHOBa CBOe MeCTO. Ero OII51Tb BbIBeJIH. 3Ta rrpone.n:ypa
IIOBTOp51JiaCb .n:o Tex rrop, IIOKa CIIHKep «C 6eCKOHe'IHOH
TOCKOH» (with infinite sadness) He rrocTaHOBHJI 3arrepeTb
Bb1coxorroqTeHHoro .l(:>KeHTJibMeHa H3 Hopc3MIITOHa B o.n:-
HY H3 6arneH rrapnaMeHTa. 0.n:Haxo Ha c11e.n:y101.QHH :>Ke
.n:eHb Ep3.n:no rrpurnnoch OTTy.n:a ocso6o.n:nTh - CJIHIIIKOM
CHJibHOe pa3.n:pa:>KeHHe Bbl3BaJia 3Ta Mepa B CB06o.n:oMblC-
JI511.QHX Kpyrax, .n:a H MHOrHe KOHCepBaTOpbI 6blJIH OT Hee
He B BOCTopre: 76-JieTHHH EHKOHCtPHJI)J;, y:>Ke yrne.n:rnHH Ha
IIOKOH, OCTaJIC51 qpe3BbI'laHHO He,!J;OBOJieH ,n:eHCTBH51MH JIO-
p.n:a PaH.n:on<t>a lfopqu111151 H c.n:enan cepbe3Hoe BHyrneHHe
csoeif rrapTHH. BhmyI.QeHHbIH Ha cso6o.n:y Ep3.z:i;no He yro-
MOHHJICH HHCKOJibKO. He 6y.n:y paccxa3bIBaTb BCeH 3TOH
HCTOpHH, - OHa rrpo.n:on:>KaJiaCb He 6011ee H He MeHee KaK
rnecTb neT. CrrenuanbHhie xoppecrroH,!J;eHTbI H coTpy.n:HHKH
lOMOpHCTH'leCKHX :>KypHaJIOB Cbe3:>KaJIHCb co Bcero MHpa B
AHrJIHIO CMOTpeTh, xaK rrpuMeHHIOT «py'IHoe .n:asneHHe» K
6e360:>KHOMY qJieHy rrapnaMeHTa. 3To, KCTaTH CKa3aTb,
cxo.n:uno .n:anexo He rna.n:xo. EbIBIIIHH .n:paryH, 0611a.n:as-
1IIHH repKyJieCOBCKOH CHJIOH, OKa3bIBaJI CTpa:>Ke OT'la51HHOe
corrpOTHBJieHHe, B MecTax )J;JI51 rry6JIHKH CKaH.n:aJIHJia BO
HMH aTeH3Ma 6y,n:yI.Qa51 rrocne.n:osaTeJihHHQa EnaBaTcxoif,
Ha ynunax IIIJIH .n:eMOHCTpanmt, MaHn<t>ecTaQHH, KOHTp-
MaHn<t>ecTaQHH. IlpaBHTeJibCTBO H rrapTH51 6hlJIH 6bI, Be-
p051THO, fOTOBbl MOJI'laJIHBO rrpHMHpHTbC51 c rrpucyTCTBH-
eM Ep3,n:no B rrapnaMeHTe. Ho nop.n: PaH.n:on<t> TBep.n:o
CT051JI Ha CBOeM IIOCTy: rrpH IIOIIbITKax aTeHCTa 3aH51Tb
MeCTO B rranaTe 061.QHH qep'IHJIJib Mpa'IHO 3a,n:asan CIIH-
Kepy BOIIpoc, Ha KaKOM OCHOBaHHH IlbITaeTC51 rrpOHHKHYTb
B 3TO BbICOKOe co6paHHe BbICOKOIIO'ITeHHblH ,l(:>KeHTJibMeH
H3 Hopc3MIITOHa, H rrpocun pa3b51CHHTb, He srrpase nu OH,
nop.n: PaH,!J;on<t> qep'IHJIJih, C'IHTaTb caM03BaHQeM Bb1coxo-
rroqTeHHoro .n::>KeHTJibMeHa H3 Hopc3MIITOHa. KoHTHHeH-
TaJihHaH Esporra secenunacb qpe3BbI'laHHO, H ,n:a:>Ke
«Temps», ra3eTa secbMa c.n:ep:>KaHHaH B oneHKe BHyTpeH-
HHx .n:en HHOCTpaHHbIX .n:ep:>KaB, c coxpyrneHHbIM BH,!J;OM
rrucana 0 HeCJibIXaHHOM CKaH.n:ane, rrpOHCXO)J;51I.QeM Ha po-
)J;HHe ,[(:>KoHa CTIOapTa MHJIJI51. KaMrraHHH, rrpe.n:rrpHHHTaH
qep'IHJIJieM, KOH'IHJiaCb qepe3 rneCTb JieT IIOJIHbIM ero
rropa:>KeHHeM. ATeHCTbI, .n:a:>Ke caMbie OTb5IBJieHHb1e, rrony-
'IHJIH B03MO:>KHOCTb 3ace.n:aTb B rrapnaMeHTe, H qapJI3
Ep3.n:no c Top:>KeCTBOM 3aH51JI csoe MeCTO B rranaTe 061.QHH.
c 'IHCTO IIOJIHTH'leCKOH CTOpOHbl 3Ta HeMHOfO 3aT51HYB-
rna51C51 HCTOpH51 6bIJia, B KOHQe KOHQOB, 3IIH30,!J;OM B 6opb-

511
 6e 3a TepnHMOCTb H 3a CB06o.n;y MblCJrn; B KaqeCTBe TaKO-
ro 3IIH30.lla oua H OTMeqaeTCSI 06h1quo uecKOJihKHMH CTpoq-
KaMH B yqenhIX KHHrax. Ho y noJIHTHqecKHX sisnemdi:
6brnaeT H qffCTO 6hITOBaSI CTOpoua, HHOr.n;a HCIIOJIHenuasi
BhICOKOfO KOMH3Ma. R II03BOJIHJI ce6e 3,D;eCh ua ueii: OCTa-
HOBHThCSI: B 3TOH aueK,D;OTHqecKOH HCTOpHH S!pKO CKa3aJICSI
6ypHhIH TeMnepaMeHT Pau.n;omlm qepqHnnsi, .n;ocrnBHB-
IIIHH eMy orpoMuoe KOJIHqecTBO sparos. He IIOJih30Bancsi
OH mo60BblO H B co6CTBeHHOH CBOeH napTHH, B KOTOpOH,
KaK snocne.n;cTBHH ero ChIH, scer.n;a JaHHMan o6oco6neu-
uoe nono:>KeuHe. BechMa peaKu;Houuo uacTpoeuublii: B qH-
cTo IIOJIHTHqecKHX sonpocax, nop.n; Pau.n;omp B o6nacTH
COII;HaJihH0-3KOHOMHqecKOH npOS!BJISIJI, uanpOTHB, qpe3-
BblqaHHhlH pa,n;HKaJIH3M. Ou 6hln ocuosaTeneM H BO:>K.lleM
rpynnhI TaK ua3bIBaeMhIX TOpH-,n;eMOKpaTOB. CTapb1e
H.lleH nHKoucqmn.n;a (snpoqeM, ue BhI.llyMannhle H nHKonc-
<l>Hn,n;oM) 0 ueo6xo,n;HMOCTH MS! KOHCepBaTHBHOH napTHH
3aIII;HIU:aTh HHTepeChl 6e,n;HhIX JIIO.lleH 6hIJIH .llOBe,n;eHhl qe-
pqHJIJieM .n;o norHqecKoro npe.n;ena. 06na.n;asi 6onhIIIHM
opaTOpCKHM TaJiaHTOM H orpOMHOH 3HeprHeH, OH CKOpO
3aHSIJI oqenb BhlCOKOe IIOJIO:>KeHHe B IIOJIHTHqecKOM MHpe.
HeKoTOph1e H3 ero peqeii: npoH3BO.llSIT ueManoe sneqaTne-
HHe npH qTeHHH H Tenepb, qepe3 copoK neT. EcTh, npas.ua,
B nonycou;HanHCTHqecKHx peqax ChIHa repu;ora Manh6opo
H 3JieMeHThI qyTh-qyTh KOMHqecKHe, B oco6euuocTH ero
ysepeHHOCTb B TOM, qTo BhI.llyMauuoe HM coqeTaHHe nepe-
.llOBhlX H cpe.n;ueBeKOBbIX B3fJISl.llOB - ueqTO spo.n;e TOfO
BHHa, KOTOpoe, no CJIOBaM H03,llpesa, 6bIJIO BMeCTe H
6yprOHhOHOM, H IIIaMnaHbOHOM, - npe.n;cTaBJIS!eT co6oii:
e.n;HHCTBeHHYIO 803MO:>KHYIO B MHpe IIOJIHTHqecKyIO CHCTe-
My. Ilepsasi :>Ke nporpaMMHasi peqh nop.n;a PaH.n;on<l>a
BhI3Bana cpe.n;H KoucepsaTopos 6yp10. OT qepq11nnsi OT-
KpeIII;HBanHcb CTOJIIlbl napTHH, B TOM qffcJie ero co6CTBeH-
HbIH OTeu;, Ce.llbMOH repu;or, KOTOphlH B IlHCbMe Ha HMS!
napTHHHOfO nH.n;epa BbICKa3an npe.n;nono:>KeuHe, qTo peqb
3Ta 6Lma cKaJaua «Pau.n;m> B nMIHOM BH,n;e. IlporpaMMa
nop.n;a Pau.n;on<l>a BKn10qana B ce6si 6ecnoIII;a.n;uoe o6no:>Ke-
HHe HMYIII;HX Knaccos, BhICOKHe uanorH ua npe.n;MeTbI
pocKOIIIH, nocTpoii:Ky .llOMOB MS! pa6oqHx, Ka3eHHhie ccy-
.llhI <l>epMepaM .n;nsi noKynKH JeMJIH. B 1886 ro.n;y Pau.n;on<I>
qepqwJIJih cTaJI Kauu;nepoM KaJnaqeii:cTsa B Ka6HneTe
nop.n;a Conc6ep11. CosepIIIeuuo ueno.n;roTosnennhIH K
3TOH Tpy.n;uoii: ponH, OH B3sincsi Ja Hee co csoeii: 06L1quoii:
cMenocThIO, ue cso6o.n;uoii: H OT nerKoro II;HHH3Ma. TaK,
npH o6cy:>K,n;eHHH sonpoca o 6HMeTaJIJIH3Me, no.n;HSIBIIIero-
csi uecKOJihKO HeO:>KH,n;auuo, nop.n; PaH.n;on<I> HaKJIOHHncsi K

512
cBoeMy coce.D:y ro.D:ne10 H cnpocHn ero Ha yxo: «Bh1 He
IlOMHHTe, SI 6HMeTaJIJIHCT HJIH HeT? j l 3a6bIJI ... »
Pan,D:on<P l.Jep11HJIJih rnep,D:o BepHJI B CBOIO 3Be3.lJ:Y. OH
rOBOpHJI .D:PY3hSIM, 'ITO ero :lKH3HeHHbIH y,D:eJI - nonro,D:a
BJiaCTH, a 3aTeM MOrHna B BecTMHHCTepcKoM a66aTCTBe.
y BJiaCTH OH ,D:eHCTBHTeJibHO OCTaBaJICSI O'leHb ne,D:OJiro:
pe3KHH, HeTepnHMbIH H nenoKJia.D:HCTbIH, OH CKOpo nepecco-
pHJICSI c TOBapm1\aMH no Ka6HHeTy H c caMHM Conc6epH.
BMW c TpeCKoM B OTCTaBKy, nop.D: PaH.D:on<l> cran ell\e
pa.D:HKaJihnee B coIJ,HaJihH0-3KOHOMH'lecKHX Bonpocax. OH
noBeJI B CTpaHe arHTaIJ,HIO 3a BOCbMH'laCOBOH pa60'IHH ,D:eHh.
3To Tpe6oBaHHe, no TeM BpeMeHaM He06hI'laHHO CMeJioe,
Bbl3BaJIO pe3KHe npoTeCThl He TOJibKO co CTOpOHbl KOHcep-
BaTopoB. l.Jpe3BbI1JaUHO 3a6aBHO TO o6CTOSITeJihCTBO, 'ITO B
Ka'leCTBe noKymeHHSI Ha OCHOBbl 6pHTaHCKOro rocy,D:apCT-
BeHHOro nopSI.D:Ka Tpe6oBaHHe 3TO BhI3Bano KpauHee Hero,D:o-
BaHHe l.Japn3a Ep3.D:JIO. CTapb1u aTeHCT, c ro,D:aMH HeCKOJihKO
OCTeneHHBIIIHHCSI Ha CKaMbSIX nanaTbl 06Il\HH, TepneTh He
Mor COIJ,HaJIHCTOB H B COIJ,HaJibH0-3KOHOMH'leCKHX Bonpocax
6hIJI Hacrpoen BeChMa yMepeHHO. TaKHM o6pa3oM, B no-
cne,D:HeM CTOJIKHOBeHHH .D:BYX ,D:OJirOJieTHHX CMepTeJibHbIX
BparoB no,D:pbIBaTeJieM OCHOB H pa3pymHTeJieM Tpa.D:HIJ,HH
BenHKo6pnTaHHH oKa3aJICSI nop.D: PaH.D:OJI<}> l.Jep11nnnh.
I-fa KOHCepBaTopoB O'leHh MHOrHe B TY nopy COBep-
rneHHO cephe3HO C'IHTaJIH, 'ITO 6ny.D:HbIH CbIH napTHH H,D:eT
npSIMOH ,D:Oporoli K cou,HaJIH3My. Ho Kaphepa 3HaMeHHTO-
ro opaTopa y)((e 6JIH3HJiaCh K KOHIJ,y. Jlop,D: PaH,D:OJI<}>
3a6oJieJI HeH3Jie'IHMOH 6oJie3HblO. c 6one3Hbl0 3TOH OH
OT11asiHHO 6oponcSI HeCKOJibKO Mecsiu,eB. He C'IHTaSICb c
3anpell\eHHeM Bpa11eu, BonpeKH npoch6aM .D:py3eu H po.D:-
HbIX, OH npo,D:OJI)((aJI BbICTynaTb ny6JIH'IHO. Ilo CJIOBaM
CBH.D:eTeneu, 3TO 6h1no TSI)((eJioe 3peJIHII\e. Mcxy.D:aBrnHu,
CMepTeJihHO 6Jie,D:HbIH, e,D:Ba ,D:ep)((aBIIIHHCSI Ha Horax, 6hIB-
IIIHH «KOpQJib Tpn6yHhI» npoH3HOCHJI 6eccMbICJieHHhie pe-
'IH, Bbl3hIBaBIIIHe B napnaMeHTe y)((aC H )((aJIOCTb, a Ha MH-
THHraX CMex H CBHCTKH. CKopo Bee 6bIJIO KOH'leHO, JIOP.D:
PaH,D:on<l> l.Jep11nnnh Bnan B ,D:eTCTBO. CMepTb ero B 46-neT-
HeM B03pacTe BbI3BaJia o6Il\ee CO)((aJieHHe. AHrJIHSI ycrpo-
HJia IlbIIIIHbie noxopOHbl 'leJIOBeKy, .D:OJiro 3aHHMaB-
IIIeMy co6ou BHHMaHHe MHpa.
j l He cny11anHO OCTaHOBHJICSI TaK no,D:po6Ho Ha Kapbe-
pe PaH.D:on<}>a l.Jep11Hnnsi. B ero 3HaMeHHTOM CbIHe, Cbxr-
paBrneM HeMaJiyIO pOJib B Harneu co6cTBeHHOU HCTOpHH,
IlOBTOpHJIHCb H qepTbl xapaKTepa, H HeKOTOpbie oco6eH-
HOCTH )((Ji3HH OTIJ,a.
MaTb YHHCTOHa l.Jep11HJIJISI He npHHa.D:Jie)((aJia K TOMY
17-5317
513
 Kpyry' B KOTOpOM BblpOCJIH Bee ero npe.D;KH. B paHHeH
MOJIO.D;OCTH Ha npa3.D;HHKe, .r:i;aHHOM B qecTb npH6bIBIIIero
B AHrJIHIO Hacne.r:i;HHKa pyccKoro npecTona, nop.r:i: PaH-
.r:i:omp BCTpeTHJIC51 c KpacaBm.i:eu aMepHKaHKOH MJICC .n:)l(a-
HeTT ,n:)l(epoM. TyT )Ke Ha npa3.D;HHKe OH BJII06HJIC51 B Hee
6e3 naM51TH H Ha cne.r:i;y10rnHu .r:i;eHh c.r:i:enan eu npe.r:i:no)l(e-
HHe. MHCC .n:)l(epOM npHH51Jia 3TO npe.D;JIO)l(eHHe c BOCTOp-
fOM. Ho BOCTopr cTaporo repii:ora Manh6opo 6bIJI 3HaqH-
TeJihHO MeHbIIIe: MJICC .n:)l(epoM 6i:.ma aMepJIKaHKa JI He
6bma .r:i;oqephIO BaH.r:i;ep6J1JihTa. Ee oTeQ, nony)l(ypHaJIHCT,
nony6aHKHp, J1Men .r:i;oBOJihHO 6ypHoe npornnoe B .r:i;yxe
poMaHoB .ll:)l(eKa JioH.r:i;oHa, ecnJI He <l>eHHMopa Kynepa.
OH He.r:i;ypHo Bna.r:i:en nepoM, He.r:i;ypHo Bna.r:i;en H Kapa6J1-
HOM. Ha.r:i;o .r:i;o6aBHTb, qTo OTeQ MHCC .n:)l(epoM, «rop.D;bIH,
KaK .r:i;eMOH», no CJIOBaM ero BttyKa, 6bIJI TO)l(e He CJIHIIIKOM
o6pa.D;OBaH qeCTbIO, C.D;eJiaHHOH ero .r:i;oqepH. repQOf
Manb6opo He )Kenan nopo.r:i;HJIThC51 c aMepHKaHCKJIM .r:i;enh-
QOM. MJICTep .n:)l(epoM He )l(eJiaJI BCTynaTb B po.r:i;CTBO c
aHfJIJIHCKHM repii:oroM. Ilepe.r:i: .D;BOHHbIM pO.D;JITeJibCKHM
veto 0Tqa5J:HJ1e BJII06neHHhIX, no KnaccHqecKoMy Bb1pa)l(e-
HJ1IO, «He no.r:i:.r:i:aBanocb onHcaHJIIO». Ho, B KOHQe KOHQOB,
Bee ycTpOHJIOCh 6narononyqHo. Cne3bI .r:i;oqepH cnOMJIJIH
conpoTHBJieHHe MHCTepa .lJ:)l(epoMa, a B ceMhe )l(eHHxa
cnyqJ1JIOCh, Ha cqacTbe, cne.r:i:y10rnee npoJ1crnecTBJ1e. B Ha-
cne.r:i;cTBeHHOM H36HpaTeJibHOM oKpyre repii:ora Manh6o-
po BbICTaBJIJI CBOIO KaH.D;H.D;aTypy B napnaMeHT pa,D;HKaJI
MHCTep Epo.r:i;pHK. 3neKTopanhHhie areHThI c ropecTbIO
.r:i;oJIO)l(HJIJI repii:ory, qTo .r:i:ep3Ka51 nonhITKa :na JIMeeT Bee
IIIaHCbl Ha ycnex, eCJIH co CTOpOHbl caMHX Manb6opo eu
He 6y.r:i;eT npOTJIBOnOCTaBJieHa .D;OCTOHHa51 ceMeHHa51 KaH-
.D;H.D;aTypa. Jiop.r:i;y PaH.r:i;ompy qepqJIJIJIIO 6b1no nopyqeHo
oTQOM .r:i;aTh 6ou MHCTepy Epo.r:i;pHKy. Mono.r:i:ou qenoBeK
npJ1H5IJI npe.r:i:no)l(eHHe, HO TBep.r:i:o pernHn, qTo Harpa.r:i;ou
3a ycnex eMy .D;OJI)l(HO 6bITh po.r:i;HTeJihCKoe cornacJ1e Ha
6paK. B nHCbMe K MHCC .n:)l(epoM OH coo6rnJ1JI eu CBOH
.D;h51BOJibCKHH nnaH: nop.r:i: PaH.r:i;on<P npe.r:i;nonaran qecTHO
npo.r:i;enaTb BCIO H36JlpaTeJibttyIO KaMnaHHIO, a 3aTeM B
nocne.r:i;HIOIO MHHYTY, HaKaHyHe BhI6opoB, nocTaBJITh OTIJ:Y
ynhTJIMaTyM - JIJ160 eMy 6y.r:i;eT .r:i;aHo 6narocnoBeHJ1e,
JIH6o OH CHHMeT CBOIO KaH.D;Jl.D;aTypy. 3TO 6bIJIO XHTpo
3a.D;yMaHo. repii:or Manb6opo He XOTeJI, qTo6hI ero CbIH
)l(eHHJIC51 Ha aMepHKaHKe. Ho OH He XOTeJI TaK)l(e, qTo6hI
OT ero Hacne.D;CTBeHHOH BOTqJIHbl nporneJI B napJiaMeHT
pa.r:i;HKaJihHhIH KaH.r:i;H.r:i;aT. Bee cornno npeBocxo.r:i;Ho, .r:i:a)l(e
6e3 ynhTHMaTyMa. Ha Bb16opax Mono.r:i:ou nop.r:i: nocne
ynopHou 6opb6b1 pa3rpoMJIJI MHCTepa Epo.r:i;pJ1Ka, JI BCK0-

514
pe JaTeM B IlapmKe 6e3 60JibIIIOrO myMa 6bIJia OTnpa3,D;-
HOBaHa cBa.D;h6a nop.D;a PaH,D;ompa c MHcc ,n:)f{epoM. Eme
HeMHOro n03,D;Hee, B 1874 ro.D;y, Ha CBeT DO)f{HH SIBHJICSI
HbIHeIIIHHH JHaMeHHTbIH MHCTep YHHCTOH JieoHap.D; CneH-
cep qepqHJIJih. CoqeTaHHe Hacne.D;CTBeHHbIX CBOHCTB aMe-
pHKaHCKHX struggle-for-lifers. -OB H nOTOMKOB «npeKpac-
Horo aHrJIHqaHHHa» ,D;aJio EBpone O.D;Horo HJ ee caMbIX
6JieCTSlmHx H poMaHTuqecKHX rocy,D;apCTBeHHblX ,D;eSITeJieH.

II.
YuHCTOH qepquJIJih He nonyquJI yHHBepcuTeTcKoro
o6pa30BaHHSl. Ilo OKOHqaHHH IIIKOJibl B rappo OH nOCTy-
nHJI B CaH.D;X3pCTCKoe BoeHHoe yqHJimn:e u BbIIIIeJI OTTy.D;a
,D;Ba,!J;l.~aTH JieT OT po.D;y B 4-H rycapCKHH nOJIK. QqeHb
cKopo MHpHaSl cTpoeBaSl cJiy)f{6a qpe3Bb1qaifHo eMy Ha.D;o-
ena. BoHHbI, KaK Ha 6e.D;y, B TY nopy HHKaKoii He 6hIJIO.
0.D;HaKO Ha BTOpOH MeCSIQ cJiy)f{6bI, JaH,D;Sl BeqepoM no
o6bIKHOBeHHIO B CBOH KJiy6, qepqHJIJib npoqeJI B raJeTax
TenerpaMMy: Ha Ky6e BCnh1xHyJio oqepe.D;Hoe BoccTaHHe.
Mo)l(HO c 6oJihIIIOH BepOSITHOCTbIO npe.D;nOJIO)l(HTb,
qTo H.D;eH 3Toro BOCCTaHHSl He BbIJbIBaJIH HH oco6eHHoro
3HTY3Ha3Ma, HH oco6eHHOH HeHaBHCTH B .D;yme MOJIO.D;Oro
aHrnuiicKoro rycapa. Mo)l(HO ,D;a)f{e npe,D;noJIO)f{HTb B HeM
H He CJIHIIIKOM OCHOBaTeJibHOe 3HaKOMCTBO c Ky6HHCKHMH
,D;eJiaMH. Ho no33HH B 3K30TuqecKoM BOCcTaHHH 6h1JI0
XOTb OT6aBJISIH. qero CTOSIT O,!J;HH HMeHa repoeB peBOJIIO-
QHH H KOHTppeBOJIIOQHH, ,!J;OBOJibHO qacTO npOHCXO.D;SlmHx
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CaHTa-JI10qHS1. JlIO.D;H c HMeHaMH Bpo,D;e Ka6anhepo .D;e
Po.D;ac, MaKCHMO roMec, MapTHHec KaMrroc COBepmaJIH
pa3Hbie rro.D;mfru B MecTax, HOCSlmHx HaJBaHHSl: CaHTa-
Knapa, MaHcaHHJIJIO, IlwHap-.D;eJib-PHo, CaHThS1ro-.D;e-
Jiac-Berac. DOH, KOHeqHo, npOHCXO,!J;HJIH npu JIYHHOM CBe-
Te, Ha rropOCIIIHX opXH,D;eSIMH nOJISIHax H B nepenJieTeHHblX
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nopy y)l(e coBepumna csoe no6e.D;Hoe mecTBHe no Espone
nocJie nepBOHaqaJibHOrO npoBaJia, KOTOpbIH CBeJI B MOrH-
JIY )l(op)l(a EHJe. Cep,D;Qe .D;Ba.D;QaTHJieTHero rycapa He
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qepquJIJib B3SIJI OTnycK u qepe3 TpH He.D;eJIH y)l(e cpa)l(aJICSl
Ha ,D;aJieKOM OCTpOBe B KaqecTBe BOJIOHTepa. JI He 3HaIO, c

• 3.necb • 6opQbl 3a BbllKH&aHHe ( a11zA.).

515
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He 3Han. Hacna;:urBIIIHCh B.D:OBOJih Ky6HHCKoii: no33Heii:, OH
BepHyJICR ,[(OMOH, HO Ha pO,D;HHe He 3ac11.n;encH: 4-ii: rycapc-
KHH noJIK 6hln cKopo oTnpaBneH B MH,n;HIO. TaM To:>Ke
BCnhixHyna KaKaH-TO Boii:Ha, - qep11HJIJih BhmpocHJICR y
Ha11anhCTBa H .n;o6poBOJibQeM npo.n;enan TPY.D:HhIH noxo.n;.
3aTeM aHrn1111aHe BOeBaJIH c .n;epBHIIIaMH B A<l>pHKe. OH
nonan H Ty.n;a, TOJihKO npHIIIJIOCh nepeMeHHTh 4-ii: rycapc-
KHii: nOJIK Ha 21-ii: ynaHCKHH. qep11HJIJ1b npHHRJI y11aCTHe B
3HaMeHHTOH KaBanepHHCKoii: aTaKe npH OM.n;ypMaHe, KO-
TopaH 11eTBepTb BeKa TOMY Ha3a.n; npH3HaBanacb o,n;HHM H3
caMbIX 6necTHIQHX .n;en aHrJIHHCKoii: BoeHHoii: HCTopHH. B
nep110.n: 1914--1918 ro,n;oB 6oii:, no.n;o6Hh1ii: OM,n;ypMaHc-
KOMY no pa3Mepy, BepORTHO, He 6hlJI 6hI ,n;a:>Ke ynOMRHYT B
coo6meHHH reHepanhHOro IIITa6a. .D;o6aBJIIO, 11To BOeBan
qep11HJIJih B Cy,n;aHe Ja cBoii: c11eT: TaKoe ycnoBHe nocTa-
BHJIO eMy Ha11anhCTBO. A TaK KaK TpaTHThCR Mono.n;oii:
BOHH He XOTeJI HJIH He Mor' TO OH, no co6CTBeHHbIM ero
CJIOBaM, peIIIHJI cne,n;oBaTh HanoneOHOBCKOMY npaBHny:
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ycnyr11 ra3eTaM B Ka11ecTBe BoeHHoro KoppecnoH,n;eHTa.
Ero CTaThH B «Morning Post» co3,n;an11 eMy H3BeCTHOCTh.
Ho OHM HMeJIH MR Hero H HenpHHTHble nocne,n;cTBID1. 3To
MO:>KHO 6bIJIO npe,n:BH,D;eTb: qep11HJIJ1b nbITaJICR COBMe-
CTHTb ,[(Ba peMecna, KOTOpbie COBMemaTh O'leHh TPY.D:HO.
HanoMHIO B HeCKOJihKHX cnoBax 1111TaTeJIHM HCTOpHIO
cy,n;aHcKoii: BOHHhI. B 80-x ro.n;ax npoIIInoro cToneTHR
BOHHCTBeHHbIH IIIeii:x MaroMeT-AxMeT, npOHCXO,[(HBIIIHH
no npHMOH JIHHHH OT IlpopoKa, no,n;HRJI B Cy,n;aHe Boccrn-
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KHX IIIeHXOB (He06bI'IHbIH cnoco6 ycTaHOBJieHHR ,[(HKTaTy-
pbl), OH CTaJI BO rnaBe HeMaJIOH CHJibl .n:epBHIIIeii: H npOB0-
3rJiaCHJ1 ce6H Max,n;H: no MYCYJibMaHcKoii: Tpa,n;HQHH, Ma-
roMeT CKa3aJI Ha CMepTHOM o.n;pe, 'ITO 0,[(HH H3 ero nOTOM-
KOB, HMaM OO:>KHH, np1106peTeT BJiaCTb Ha,n; BCeM MHpOM
H no.n: npo3BHIQeM Max,n;H ycTaHOBHT Ha 3eMne paBeHCTBO
H cnpaBeMHBOCTh. HoBbIH noBeJIHTeJih 113,n;an CBOH .n:e-
CRTh 3an0Be,n;eii:, perynHpOBaBIIIHX nOJIHTHKY H CBa.n;e6Hhie
o6pH.D:hI, Mopanh H QeHbI Ha CKOT. Max,n;H o6Hapy:>KHJI
6oJibIIIHe BOeHHbie .n;apoBaHHH. Ero apMHR IIIJia OT no6e-
.D:hI K no6e.n;e. B KopoTKoe BpeMH HeBepHhie 6hIJIH H3rHaHhl
H3 Cy,n;aHa. B 1885 ro.n;y nan XapTyM, np1111eM 6bm y611T
3aIQHTHHK ero, aHrJIHHCKHH HaQHOHaJihHbIH repoii: rette-
pan ,ll;:>Kop,n;:>K rop,n;oH. HaceneHHe B03,D;aJIO no6e,n;OHOC-
HOMY IIIeii:xy 6o:>KeCKHe no11ecTH. Ho Ha Bepxy cnaBbI H
MorymecTBa, roTOBRCh K noxo.n;y Ha Ka11p, Max,n;H BHe3a-

516
 IIHO yMep, IIO cnyxaM OTpaBJieHHbIH H3 peBHOCTH O.D;HOH
H3 CBOHX 6eC'IHCJieHHbIX )l(eH. Ilpu ero npeeMHHKax BOHHa
B0306HOBHJiacb u qepe3 13 JieT 3aKOH'IHJiach ynoMsi:HyToii
Bbirne no6e.D;oii aHrJin'laH npu 0M.D;ypMaHe.
YnHcTOH qep'IHJIJib onucaJI :ny BOHHY - u onucan ee
,D;aJieKO He B o6bI'IHOM TOHe BOeHHbIX KOppecnoH,D;eHI1HH.
l\1ono.D;oii 'leJioBeK yHacJie,D;oBaJI xapaxTep cBoero 0T11a.
OH He TOJibKO no3BOJISIJI ce6e nucaTb o CBOeM Ha'laJibCTBe,
HO H B Bbipa)l(eHHSIX He O'leHb CTeCHSIJICSI. B BbICIIIHX
BoeHHbIX xpyrax KapbepncT l\1na.D;II1nii, xax np03BaJIH
CbIHa nop,D;a PaH.D;ompa qep'IHJIJISI, cpa3y cTaJI .D;OBOJibHO
Henonynsi:pHoii cpurypoii. HecnpaBe.D;JIHBOCTb o6BnHeHnsi: B
xapLepH3Me, .D;yMaIO, .D;OCTaTO'IHO o'leBH.D;Ha: Bcsi:xuii no-
HHMaeT, Ha KaKylO BOeHHYIO xapbepy MO)l(eT paCC'IHTbl-
BaTb MOJIO.D;OH ocpu11ep, KOTOpbIH ny6JIH'IHO nopu11aeT,
ecnu He noHocnT, rnaBHOKOMaH.AYJOm:ei:o. A rnaBHOKOMa-
H.D;y10m:uii cy,D;aHCKOH apMHeH He OTJIH'laJICSI KpOTOCTblO H
6naro.D;yrnneM. C3p rep6epT KnT'leHep (B TY nopy em:e He
JIOP.A) npu yrplOMOM H xpyTOM xapaKTepe B.D;06aBOK Tep-
neTb He Mor )l(ypHaJIHCTOB.
)l(u3Hb YnHCTOHa qep'IHJIJISI .AO HeKOTopoii CTeneHn
CBO.D;HTCSI K npo11eccy OCB060)1(,D;eHHSI OT pa3HbIX HJIJII03HH
(u ae TOJibKO OT HJIJII03HH) YMHOro, 6necrnm:e O,D;apeHHOro
u 6naropo.D;Horo qenosexa. B 3TOM 3aKJIIO'laeTcsi: H3BecT-
Hoe CXO.D;CTBO (Bnpo'leM, orpaHH'leHHOe H 'IHCTO BHeIIIHee)
ero )l(H3HH c )l(H3Hbl0 )l(op)l(a KneMaHco. flo-BH.D;HMoMy,
B paHHeii MOJIO.D;OCTH Boo6pa)l(eHHIO qep'IHJIJISI npe,D;CTaB-
JISIJiaCb .LJ;)l(eHTJibMencxasi:, pb111apcxasi: BOHHa c o6MeHOM
JII06e3HOCTSIMH, c 6opb60H BeJIHKO.AYIIIHH, c «l\1essieurs les
Anglais, tirez les premiers»•, - O.AHHM CJIOBOM, Ta BOHHa,
KOTopasi: cym:ecTBOBaJia JIHIIIb B cpaHTa3HH BaJibTepa CxoT-
Ta u poMaHHCTOB ero IIIKOJibI. OT 3THX npe.D;cTaBJieHHH
cy.D;aHCKasi: KaMnaHHSI H3Jie'IHJia qep'IHJIJISI .D;OBOJibHO 6bICT-
po· H pa.D;nKaJILHO. I-fa ero KHHrn «The River War» BH.D;HO,
'ITO OH 6bIJI 3aBOpO)l(eH THTaHH'leCKOH cpurypoii l\1ax.D;H.
Cy.D;aHCKHH HanoneoH H3o6pa)l(eH y Hero (noHaCJibIIIIKe,
pa3yMeeTCS1) TaK )Ke Il03TH'IHO-TporaTeJibHO, KaK cyJITaH
A6.D;yn-raMH.A B poMaHe Kno.D;a <l>appepa «qeJioBeK, xo-
TOpbIH y6HJI». CMelO .D;yMaTb, H B HCTOpH'leCKOM OTHOIIIe-
HHH Tax )Ke sepHo. B BaJILTep-cxoTToscxoii cpaHTa3HH
qep'IHJIJISI, .D;OJI)l(HO 6bITb, KpecTOBbie aHrJIHHCKHe pbII1apu,
xax B nopy Puqap.D;a JlbBHHOe Cep.A11e, scTynanu B pb111apc-
KYJO 6opb6y c MycyJILMancxnMH pb111apsi:MH Hosoro Cana-
.D;HHa. ATaKa 21-ro ynaHcxoro nonKa npu 0M.AypMaHe

• «rocno.11a aHrJJH'laee, crpemdiTe nepBh!MH» (tfip.).

517
 OTBe'laJia TaKoMy npe.z:i;cnrnnemno. Ho TO, 'ITO nocne.z:i;o-
sano 3a Heii, eMy HHKaK He OTBe'lano. llocne aTaKH MHO-
)l(eCTBO paHeHbIX .z:i;epBHIUeH 6bIJIO .z:i;o6HTO aHTJIH'laHaMH.
0 TaKHX Bemax HH'lero He roBopHTc.si: y BanbTepa CKOTTa.
y BOeHHbIX KOppecnoH,D;eHTOB 06 :noM, HanpOTHB, roBO-
pHTC.SI O'leHh MHOro; TOJlbKO, no BeKOBOH Tpa.LJ;HJ:J.HH BOeH-
HbIX KoppecnoH.z:i;eHTOB, .z:i;enaeT TaKHe semH scer.z:i;a Henpu.si:-
TeJih. YHHCTOH qep'IHJIJih onucan aTaKy npH OM.z:i;ypMaHe,
HO He cqen HY)l(HhIM yMOJI'laTh H 06 HCTpe6neHHH paHeHhix
.z:i;epBHIIIeH. llpe.D;BH.D;.SI B3pb1B 'IHTaTeJihCKHX npoTeCTOB, OH
.z:i;o6aBHJI HeCKOJibKO CTpOK, CMbICJI KOTOpbIX npH6JIH3H-
TeJibHO TaKOB: «MHe, BepO.SITHO, CKa)l(yT, 'ITO aHrJIHHCKHe
con.z:i;aThI He cnoco6HhI y6HBaTh paHeHoro npoTHBHHKa. B
o6meM :no, KOHe'IHO, BepHO. Ho ecTh H TaKHe COJ1.LJ;aThl,
KOTOpbie Ha Bee cnoco6Hhl. 0TBeTCTBeHHOCTb )Ke 3a .z:i;eii-
CTBH.SI apMHH HeceT, ecTeCTBeHHO, rnaBHOKOMaH.LJ;Yl-011\HH».
HH B O.LJ;HOH .z:i;pyroii CTpaHe TaKa.SI KOppecnoH.D;eHIJ.H.SI,
sepo.si:THO, soo6me He Morna 6b1 6hITh Hane'laTaHa B
BoeHHoe speM.si:. B AHrJIHH ee Hane'laTaJIH, HO H3.LJ;aTeJ1h
c.z:i;eJ1aJ1 no.z:i;cTpO'IHOe npHMe'laHHe, B KOTOpOM .z:i;aBaJ1 no-
H.SITb, 'ITO TYT 'ITO-TO He TaK: aHrJ1HHCKHe COJ1.LJ;aThl He
cnoco6HhI y6HBaTh paHeHoro npoTHBHHKa. 3aTeM nocne-
.z:i;osano .z:i;pyroe. llo BCTynneHHH 6pHTaHCKHX BOHCK B
cy.z:i;ancKyIO CTOJJHIJ.Y KHT'leHep npHKa3aJ1 pacKonaTh rpo6-
HHIJ.Y Max.z:i;H, KOTOpa.si: B Te'leHHe TpHHa.LJ;IJ.aTH JleT C'IHTa-
JlaCb MeCTHOH CB.SIThrneii. KocTH cy.z:i;aHcKoro BO)l(.LJ;.SI 6b1J1H
Bhl6porneHhI B Hun, a 'lepen 3a'leM-TO OTBe3eH B EruneT.
06 3TOM .z:i;eiicTBHH rnaBHOKOMaH.z:i;ywmero YHHCTOH qep-
'IHJ1J1h OT03BaJ1C.SI B '1pe3BbI'laHHO pe3KHX H CHJlbHbIX Bbl-
pa)l(eHH.SIX. J.fa.z:i;aTenh on.si:Th-TaKH cHa6.z:i;un ero CTaThIO
nO.D;CTpO'IHbIM npHMe'laHHeM, B KOTOpOM yKa3bIBaJ1, 'ITO
C3p rep6epT KHT'leHep nocTynHJ1 npaBHJlbHO, pa3pyrnHB
rpo6HHIJ.Y Max.z:i;H.
,lI;yMal-0, 'ITO H 6e3 3THX no.z:i;cTpO'IHbIX npHMe'laHHH
.lJ;OCTaTO'IHO .SICHO, KaKyIO HCKJ11-0'IHTeJ1bHYIO CMeJIOCTb H
He3aBHCHMOCTb xapaKTepa o6Hapy)l(HJ1 MOJ10.IJ;OH qep-
'IHJ1Jlh, OT3bIBa.SICb TaK 0 .z:i;eiiCTBH.SIX nOJ1KOBO.lJ;IJ.a, y)l(e
crnsrnero B TY nopy KYMHpoM 6pHTaHcKoii HaIJ.HH. qTo
npOH30IIIJ10 .z:i;aJlhIIIe, TO'IHO He 3Hal-O. 0.z:i;HH H3 aHrJ1HHC-
KHX HCTOpHKOB (MaK-AJ1J1aH CKOTT), rosop.si: 0 B3aHMOOT-
HOIIIeHH.SIX qep'IHJ1J1.SI H KHT'leHepa B nopy BeJJHKOH BOH-
HhI, Kor.z:i;a OHM 6bIJ1H TOBapHmaMH no Ka6HHeTy, BCKOJ1b3b
3aMe'laeT, 'ITO, no cnyxaM, Me)l(.z:i;y HHMH 6hmo Kor.z:i;a-To
HenpH.SITHOe CTOJIKHOBeHHe B Cy.z:i;aHe. rnaBHOKOMaH.z:i;yI0-
11\HH cy.z:i;aHCKOH apMHeH 6y.z:i;TO 6hI H3pyran KpenKHMH
CJlOBaMH 6e33all\HTHOro B CTpOl-0 ynaHCKoro nopy'IHKa.

518
 KaK 6h1 To HH 6hmo, MO:>KHO npe.n;nono:>KHTh, qTo cny:>Ke6-
Hoe noJIO:>KeHHe qepqHJIJISI nocJie cy.n;aHCKOH KaMnaHHH
cTano .n;oBOJihHO Tsi:>KeJihIM. OH BhIIIIeJI B OTCTaBKy.
0.n;HaKO Ha 3TOM ero BOeHHaSI Kapbepa He KOHqHJiaCh.
B cne.n;y10meM ro.n;y Haqanach BOHHa c 6ypaMH. qepqHJIJih
oTnpaBHJICSI B Alj>pHKY y:>Ke B rnTaTCKOM nnaThe, «c KapaH-
.n;arnoM H peBOJihBeppM», B KaqecTBe BOeHHOro KOppecnoH-
.n;eHTa; HO, npH6hIB B TpaHcBaanh, OH He Bhnepnen H
npHHSIJI yqacTHe B 6osix. B Hosi6pe 1899 ro.n;a 6mrn.n;HpoBaH-
HhlH noe3.n;, B KOTOpOM OH HaXO)l;HJICSI, 6bIJI OKpy:>KeH
6ypaMH H nocJie OTqaSIHHOfO conpOTHBJieHHSI c.n;aJICSI B
nneH. HaqHTaBIIIHCh paccKa30B o CBHpenocTH 6ypoB, qep-
qHJIJih :>K)l;aJI, qTo ero no.n;BeprHyT BcsiqecKHM HCTSI3aHHSIM.
Eyphl, o.n;HaKo, OTHecnnch K 3amnTHHKaM noe3.n;a BeChMa
.n;o6po.n;yrnHo H, yBn.n;eB Mono.n;ocTh rnaBHoro nneHHHKa,
ycTpOHJIH MSI Hero lj>yT6on. B nJieHY qepqHJIJih 3aHHMancsi
rnaBHhIM o6pa30M HJyqeHHeM KHHfH 0 CB06o.n;e .lJ::>KoHa
CT10apTa Mnnnsi. 0 KHHre 3TOH 06h1qHo roBopsiT, qTo oHa
.n;aeT noJIHYIO BHyTpeHHIOIO CB06o.n;y CBOHM qnTaTeJISIM. Ho
qepqHJIJISI .llYXOBHOe OCB060:>K,lleHHe B nJieHy, nO-BH,llHMO-
My, pernnTeJihHO He y.n;oBJieTBopsino. OH coBeprneHHO He
noXO,llHJI Ha nnaTOHa KapaTaeBa. B.n;o6aBOK qepqHJIJih,
KaK pa3 3a .n;Ba ,llHSI .n;o nneHem1SI 6JIHH,llHpoBaHHoro noe3.n;a,
rpoMHJI n10.n;eli, c.n;a10mHxcsi B nneH. «HeT Hnqero rnynee
H YHH3HTeJihHee ponn 1meHHHKa, - nncan OH. - B caMOM
.n;ene, BhI .n;onro .n;enaeTe Bee B03MO:>KHoe )];JISI Toro, qT06h1
y6HTh Bpara, a 3aTeM, Kor.n;a .n;eno COpBaJIOCh, MOJiqaJIHBO
npOCHTe ero coxpaHHTh BaM :>KH3Hh». qepqHJIJih peIIIHJI
6e:>KaTh. He 6y.n;y no.n;po6Ho paccKa3hIBaTh HCTopn10 ero
no6era, - 3TO coBeprneHHhIH Mail:H Pn.n;. CKa:>Ky TOJihKO,
qTo OH nepene3 qepe3 BhICOKYIO CTeHy Ha paCCTOSIHHH
HeCKOJihKHX MeTpOB OT OTBepffYBIIIerocsi qacoBoro, Ha xo.n;y
BCKoqHJI B TOBapHhIH noe3,ll, nyTeIIIeCTBOBaJI 6e3 nnmn H
BO,llhl B MeIIIKe c rnepCThlO, 3aTeM onSITh Ha xo.n;y COCKoqHJI
c noe3.n;a H ,llOJifO 6pO,llHJI BO Bpa:>KeCKOH CTpaHe Hay.n;aqy,
ronoBa 6e:>KaBIIIero repQOfCKOfO BHyKa 6hlJia OQeHeHa, H
no TpaHCBaaJihCKOH 3eMJie 6hIJIO paCKJieeHO 3000 ero l}>o-
TOrpal}>nil:. ,[(JISI 60JihIIJeil: n033HH OH OTnpaBHJI BOeHHOMY
MHHHCTpy 6ypoB nHChMO, B KOTOpOM 6naro.n;apHJI 3a
yqTHBOe o6pameHHe H npOCHJI H3BHHHTh, qTO He MOr
OTKJiaHSIThCSI JIHqHo. qepqHJIJih rnen no HoqaM, KOe-KaK
opHeHTHPYSICh no 3Be3,llaM, a ,llHeM CKphIBaJICSI B 3a6porneH-
HhlX rnaxTax, B oBparax npoBO.llHJI .n;onrne qachl B o6u~ecTBe
KoprnyHoB H KphIC. EMy nocqacTJIHBHJIOCh: OH Bh16pancsi
H3 HenpHSITeJihCKoil: 3eMJIH. CBoil: no6er YHHCTOH qep-
qHJIJih, ecTeCTBeHHO, onncan B «Morning Post» - H cpa3y

519
 cTaJI 3HaMeHOTOCThIO. KaMnaHoIO OH npo.ueJiaJI .no KOHQa,
HO B BOeHHOM peMeCJie, nO-BO.UOMOMy, pa3oqapoBaJICH
coBeprneHHO. B.uo6aBoK "llepqoJIJih nporneJI K MhICJio, qTo
TpaHcBaaJihCKaH BOHHa HecnpaBe.UJIOBa, qTo oHa Be,neTcH
3a HenpaBoe .ueJio o qTo 6yph1, KaK JIIO.UO, Bhirne aHrJioqaH.
MbICJio 3TO OH He nocTecmmcH BhICKa3aTh neqaTHO co
cBoeif 06h1qHoif OTKpoBeHHOCThIO. IIITaTcKoe ocTpe6oTe-
JIO 6ypoB, ecTeCTBeHHO, pyrHyJio ero 03MeHHOKOM, Bnpo-
qeM, 6e3 oco6oif ropHqHOCTo, 6oJihrne MH npoJioqoH.
CJIOllIKOM rJiyno 6hmo o6BOHHTh B «nopa:>KeHqecTBe» qe-
JIOBeKa, npo.ueJiaBrnero .uo6pOBOJibQeM nHTb nOXO.UOB, .ua
eme npHMOro nOTOMKa 3HaMeHOTeifrnero 03 aHrJIOHCKOX
noJIKOBO.UQeB. KpoMe Toro, B cnopTOBHOM OTHOllieHoo
no6er "llepqoJIJIH 6hIJI BHe KOHKypca. BoennhIH xoppecnon-
.uenT «Morning Post» BorneJI B 6oJihllIYIO MO.Uy. "llepqoJIJih
crnJI JloH.u6eproM • 1900 ro.ua.
HaqoHaJiacb ero 6JieCTHII\aH noJioToqecKaH Kapbepa.

III.
B napJiaMeHT "llepqoJIJih, no HacJie.UCTBeHHOH Tpa.uo-
Qoo, nporneJI KaK KaH.uo.uaT KOHcepBaTopoB. Ho c HOMO
eMy 6hlJIO B TY nopy coseprneHHO He no nyTo. B napToo
OH nhITaJICH npOBO.UOTb COQOaJihHO-pe<IJOpMaTopcKyIO
nporpaMMY csoero OTQa o Toqno TaK :>Ke, KaK 3TOT nocJie.u-
HOH, HaTOJIKHYJICH Ha oqeHh cepbe3Hoe conpoTOBJieHoe.
' «KOHcepBaTOBHaH napTOH eCTb napTOH npOBOJieropoBaH-
HbIX Knaccos», - He.uosonhHO 3aMenrn PaH,nompy "llep-
qoJIJIIO B qacTHOM nochMe nop.u Conc6epo. TaK :>Ke .usa-
.UQaThIO ro.uaMo no3,nHee npe.uocTeperano YoHcToHa "llep-
qoJIJIH ero CTaprnoe TOBapomo. «OH nOBTOpHeT TH:>KKyIO
:>K03HeHHyIO orno6Ky csoero OTQa», - nocana Heo.uo6-
poTeJihHO ra3eTa «Times». JI:uqHhlH ycnex "llepqoJIJIH 6hIJI,
o,n:HaKo, oqeHh senox. Ilocne o.n:Horo o3 ero BhicTynneHoif B
naJiaTe no6epanhHhIH ny6n:uQocT MaccoHraM nocan, qTo
He CJlbilliaJI B napnaMeHTe TaKOH peqo co BpeMeHO CMepTO
rna,UCTOHa: «MOCTep "llepqoJIJih, BepOHTHO, 6y,neT KOr,na-
H:U6y,nh nepBhIM MOHOCTpoM, - npe.ucKa3hIBaJI MaccoH-
raM, - o, H Ha,UeIOCh, nepBbIM MOHOCTpOM no6epaJihHOro
npaBoTeJibCTBa». Ilocne Tpex ceccoif nanaThI pacxo:>K,neHoe
Me:>K,ny "llepqoJIJieM 0 KOHCepBaTOBHOH napToeif no QeJIOMY
PH.UY BOTipOCOB CTaJIO HaCTOJlbKO BeJIOKO, qTo BO BpeMH
ero peqeif KOHcepBaTOpbI ,neMOHCTpaTOBHO noK:u,nano 3aJI
• JIHH,ll6epr qapJJb3 (1902'"-1974) - aMepHKaHCKHH JleT'IHK, npocmlBHBWHH-
Cll nepeblM 6ecnoca.itO'IHblM nepeJJeTOM IUl,l{ ATJJaHTH'ICCKHM OKeauoM e 1927 r. -
npw.i. pea.

520
Jace.n:amlii. Jln6epa.JibI, HanpoTHB, ycTpansaJrn osaQHH
He)l(.n:aHHOMY COI03HHKy. TaKoe noJIO)l(eHHe, KOHeqHo, He
MOrJIO npo,n:OJI)l(aTbCSI Jl:OJiro. qepqHJIJib yrneJI, «XJIOnffYB
.n:sephIO». «CJiaBa Bory, B AHrJIHH cymecTsyeT H JIH6e-
paJILHasi napTHSI», - CKa3aJI OH B CBOeH raJiml>aKCKOH peqn.
Ha BbI6opax 1906 ro.n:a OH CHOBa BblCTaBHJI CBOIO KaH-
.n:n.n:aTypy B napJiaMeHT, HO y)l(e B KaqecTBe JIH6epaJia.
3TH BbI60pbI, KaK H3BeCTHO, CBeJIHCb K pa3rpoMy KOH-
cepBaTHBHOH napTHH, H 6bIBIIIHe .n:py3bSI qepqHJIJISI, Kpait:-
He pa3,n:pa)l(eHHbie ero «HJMeHOH», o6Bnmmn MOJio,n:oro
.n:enyTaTa B TOM, qTo CBOH JIH6epaJIH3M OH CTaJI npOSIB-
JISITb B npe,n:BH,n:eHHH 3JieKTOpaJibHOH no6e,n:bl JIH6epaJIOB.
B 3TOM, o.n:HaKo, HeT Hnqero oco6eHHO .n:ypHoro. TaK, y
AH,n:pe Mopya aHrJIHHCKHH nacTop BO BpeMsi Jacyxn no.n:-
)l(H,n:aeT IlOHH)l(eHHSI 6apoMeTpa .ll:JISI Toro, qTo6bI o6'b-
SIBHTb MOJie6CTBHe 0 Jl:O)l(.n:e.

JlIO,n:H Moero noKoJieHHSI xoporno noMHSIT TY BOJIHY

ryMaHHTapHoro n.n:eaJIH3Ma, KOTopasi JaJIHBa.Jia EBpony B
nocJie,n:Hee .n:ecsiTHJieTne nepe.n: BOHHOH. BeposiTHO, MR
.n:eMOKpaTnqeCKOH e:.n:en 3TO 6hIJIO, Ha npOTSl)l(eHHH BceH:
HCTOpHH MHpa, caMoe 6JiaronpHSITHOe BpeMSI. JI HHCKOJib-
KO He xoqy rOBOpHTb 0 HbIHeIIIHeM «KpH3HCe .n:eMOKpa-
THH». 3TO oqeHb MO,n:Hasi, HO He oqeHb HOBaSI TeMa: OHa
6hrna Mo,n:HoH: H ,n:Be Thlcsiqn JieT TOMY HaJa.n:. Bee B noJIH-
THKe n03HaeTCSI no cpaBHeHHIO. B o6meM MHp, KOHeqHo,
«.n:eMOKpaTH3HpOBaJICSI», - .n:eMOKpaTHSI nepeHeCJia 3eM-
JieTpsiceHHSI Jiyqrne, qeM ee BeKOBbie npoTHBHHKH. Ta
6oJihrnasi ceMbSI, KOTopasi .n:o BOHHbI npaBHJia EBponoH: c
BbICOTbl ,n:Ba,n:QaTH npeCTOJIOB, noqTH BCSI yrnJia B qacTHYIO
)l(H3Hb. repMaHCKHH KpOHnpHHQ 3aHHMaeTCSI Tenepb TOp-
rOBbIMH ,n:eJiaMH, KOpOJieBbl H 3pQrepQOrHHH 3apa6aTbl-
BaIOT XJie6 B KHHeMaTorpa<l>e, Ha pa3Ba.JIHHax HMnepHH
KapJia V xoJsiH:Hnqa.JI KapJI PeHHep , a B 11JihJl:H3-KnocKe
ycTpanBaeTcsi nropHbIH ,n:oM. EcJIH ,n:eMoKpaTnsi npoBaJIH-
Jiach, TO, no KpaH:HeH: Mepe, B oqeHh xoporneM o6mecTBe ...
HeT, si He xoqy cKa3aTh, qTo «o6JieTeJIH QBeTbI, .n:oropeJIH
orHH» Ha TOM 6JieCTS1meM HCTOpe:qecKOM npe,n:CTaBJieHHH,
KOTOpoe c TaKHM Boo.n:yrneBJieHHeM CTaBHJIOCb noBCeMe-
CTHO B EBpone B ro,n:LI nepe.n: MnpoBoH: BOHHOH. Ho npn
H3BeCTHOM 6ecnpHCTpaCTHH Jl:OJl)l(HO npH3HaTb, qTO QBe-
Tbl Tenepb CTaJIH MeHee apoMaTHbl H orHH ropsiT He TaK
sipKo, KaK npe)J(.n:e. Mo)J(eT 6bITh, repoHqecKHH nepno.n:

' Peuuep Kapn (1870--1950) - o.QHH H3 Jilf'Aepoe aecrpuiicKoii co~HaJI­

AeMo.KpaTu'lecKoii napTHH u II HHTepua~HOHaJia. - llpUM. pei>.

521
 1914--1918 ro,noB Boo6iue HeCKOJihKO Hcqepnan B nepe-
)l(HBIIIeM ero nOKOJieHHH 3anac KaKoro 6hI TO HH 6bIJIO
3HTY3Ha3Ma. A MO)l(eT 6hITh, 3TO noKoneHHe cnHIIIKOM
MHOro BH,ll;eno H CJlhIIIIaJIO. ITepe.n HHM Ha Me)l(,ll;yHapo.n-
HhIX KOHrpeccax JleHHH, TpoQKHH H 3HHOBheB KJIHJIHCh
BeCTH 6oph6y co CMepTHOH Ka3Hhl-O. flepe.n HHM COQHaJIH-
CThl pa3HhIX CTpaH TO)l(e KJIHTBeHHO 3aBepHJIH, qTo He
.nonycnIT HHKaKOH BOHHhl. flepe.n HHM «COBeCTh Bcero
MHpa» 6hlna noTpHCeHa Ka3Hhl-O <l>eppepa.. flepe.n HHM
')Kopec, npH3bIBaH <l>paHQHI-0 K pa3opy)l(eHHIO, BOCKJIHK-
HYJI B BOCTOp)l(eHHOM nopbrne: «B xy,nIIIeM cnyqae Mhl
norH6HeM, HO HaIIIa rH6enh nOCJIY)l(HT .neny OCB060)1(,ll;e-
HHH qeJIOBeqecTBa!» - Ha qTO MHOrOThICHqHaH ay,nHTOpHH
OTBeTHJia 6ypHbIM B3pb1BOM anJIO,ll;HCMeHTOB ...
«11.neiiHoii KYXHeii MHpa» 6bIJI B TY nopy, KaK H Teneph,
ITapH)I(. Ho npaKTHqecKoii na6opaTopHeii cny)l(HJia B oco-
6eHHOCTH AHrnHH. Jlnoii.n .[{)l(op,n)I( 6bIJI Tor,na rnaBHhIM
HCTOqHHKOM COQHaJibHO-nOJIHTHqecKoro H,neaJIH3Ma . .ll:Ba-
,ll;QaTb neT TOMY Ha3a,ll; BOKpyr <<BaJIJIHHCKOro KOJI,ll;yHa»
co6paJICSI QBeT H,ll;eaJIHCTHqecKH HaCTpoeHHOH MOJIO,ll;e)l(H.
qepqHJIJih, nepeii,nH K m16epanaM, crnn 6JIH)l(aHIIIHM yqe-
HHKOM, copaTHHKOM H ,npyroM Jlnoii.n .ll:)l(Op,ll;)l(a.
ITpaB11TenhCTBeHHaS1 Kaphepa qepq11nnH o6iueH3BecT-
Ha. B n116epanhHOM Ka611HeTe OH 3aHHMan ,nOJI)l(HOCTH
TOBap11iua MHHHCTpa KOJIOHHH, 3aTeM MHHHCTpa TOproB-
JIH, MHHHCTpa BHyTpeHHHX .nen. Ha BCex 3THX nocTax OH
npOSIBJIHJI H KHnyqy1-0 ,neSITeJihHOCTh, H qpe3BhlqaifHhIH
pa,ll;HKaJIH3M. BMeCTe c JlJIOH,ll; .ll:)l(Op,ll;)l(eM OH COCTaBJISIJI
KpaiiHee neBoe KphIJIO neBoro npaBHTeJihCTBa. C HMeHeM
qepqHJIJISI CBSl3aHbl Ba)l(HeHIIIHe 3aKOHOnpoeKThl no caMO-
ynpaBJieHHI-0 acppHKaHCKHX KOJIOHHH, no HpJiaH,ll;CKOMY
<<r0Mpyn1-0», no orpaHHqeHHI-O pa6oqero ,ll;HSI, no rocy,nap-
CTBeHHOMY CTpaxoBaHHI-0 HeHMYIUHX. flpH ,neS1TeJihHOH
ero no.n.nep)l(Ke 6hln npoBe,neH Jlnoii.n JJ:)l(op,n)l(eM Hc-
Top11qecKHH «peBOJII-OQHOHHhIH 61-0,n)l(eT» 1909 ro,na. B
6opb6e Jlnoii.n .ll:)l(op,n)l(a c nanaToii nop,noB qepq11nnh
npHHHMaJI caMoe 6JIH3KOe yqacTHe. flaMSITHaSI 6oph6a 3Ta
Benach o6eHMH CTOpOHaMH He CJIHIIIKOM JII-06e3HO. Jlnoii.n
.ll:)l(Op,ll;)I( Ha MHTHHrax HanOMHHaJI «napTHH repQOrOB» 06
3IIIacpoTe Kapna I. repQor BocpopCKHH roBOpHJI, qTo nyq-
IIIeH pa,ll;OCThl-0 ero )l(H3HH 6blJIO 6bl HaTpaBHTh CBOHX
6op3hIX co6aK Ha Jlnoii.n .ll:)l(op,n)l(a. B KaMnaHHH npoTHB
repQoroB BRYK repQora Manh6opo npeB30llleJI pe3KOCThI-O
0
<J>eppep ryap,[!Hll cJ>paHCHCKO (1859-1909) - HCDaHCKHH npOCBeTHTCJJL,
neAaror. Bo speM11 soCCTaHHll B Bapcenoue B 1909 r. 6LIJI apeCTosae, 6e3 BClllCHX
OCHOBaHHH 06BHHeB B PYKOBOACTBe BOCCTaHHeM H Ka3Hell. - llpUM. pei}.

522
 cBoero HacTaBHHKa. B canoHax 3TO cxo.n:uno rna,n:Ko, -
TaM OTHOilleHHe K qeptrnJimo, IlO-BH.lJ:HMOMy, Bcer.n:a 6hI-
JIO 6naro,n:ylllHO-HpOHHqecKOe: KTO-TO ero Ha3BaJI «.n:o-
6peHhKHM 6pan~eM 6e,n:HSIKOB». Ha MHTHHrax 6brnano u
xy)l(e. B BupMHHreMe qepqunnsi o,n:Ha)l(,n:hI e,n:Ba He pac-
Tep3anu B KJIOqbSI. 3aTO «6e,n:HSIKH» mo6HJIH ero qpe-
3Bb1qaHHO. Ha HOBhIX Bb16opax B napnaMeHT pa6oqasi
napTHSI pelllHJia He BbICTaBJISITb CBoero KaH,n:u,n:aTa npOTHB
6y.ll:Ylllero <<nO)l(HpaTeJISI COQHaJIHCTOB».
ToT )Ke HenoMeJihHhiif 3HTY3Ha3M, TY )Ke Bepy B HeyK-
JIOHHOCTh nporpecca, B HacTynaEOlllee TOp)l(eCTBO pa3yMa
YHHCTOH qepquJIJib BHOCHJI H B pa3pellleHue npo6JieM
BHelllHeH noJIHTHKH. OH 6hlJI B TY nopy o,n:HHM H3 rnaBapeii
BceeBponeiicKoro naQucpu3Ma. BMecTe c Jlnoif.n: ,[()l(op.n:-
)l(eM qepqHJIJib cquTaJI «repMaHCKHH MHJIHTapH3M» Bbl-
.ll:YMKOH 6pHTaHCKHX peaKQHOHepoB. Ilpo,n:OJI)l(aJIOCb 3TO,
o,n:HaKo, He,n:onro. B 1911 ro.n:y .n:eMOHCTpaQHSI, npoH3-
Be,n:eHHaSI repMaHCKOH KaHOHepKOH «IlaHTepa» y 6eperoB
MapoKKo, qyTh-qyTh He noBJieKna 3a co6oEO eBponeHCKYJO
BOif Hy. Ara,n:upcKHH HHQH,n:eHT y na.n:uncsi, HO naQucpucTCKHe
KpyrH pacKOJIOJIHCh. HeKOTOphle H3 noJIHTHqecKux ,n:esi-
Teneii ycMOTpeJIH B co6bITHH HOBOe H HarJISl.lJ:HOe .ll:OKa3a-
TeJibCTBO Toro, qTo «repMaHHSI He pelllHTCSI» u qTo BOHHa
HeB03MO)l(Ha. «Ha naMSITHHKe repMaHCKoro MHJIHTapH3Ma
OTHbIHe 6y,n:eT KpacoBaTbCSI naHTepa c IlO.lJ:)l(aTbIM XBOC-
TOM», - CKa3aJI 0.ll:HH H3 caMbIX BOCTOp)l(eHHbIX JIEO.ll:eH
Toro BpeMeHH. ECTb HCTOpHqecKHe cppa3bl, KOTOpbie .ll:OJl)l(-
Hbl 6hIJIH 6hl, KaK 6yMepaHr, B03BpalllaTbCSI qepe3 HeKOTO-
poe BpeMSI K TOMy, KeM OHM 6bl.TIH 6pollleHbl. qeJIOBeK, c
TaKOH 3aMeqaTeJibHOH npOHHQaTeJibHOCTblO ycMOTpeBlllHH
B IlO.lJ:)l(aTOM XBOCTe xapaKTepHbIH npH3HaK repMaHCKOro
MHJIHTapH3Ma, qepe3 Tpu ro.n:a 6bIJI y6HT Ha BoifHe.
,[(OJI)l(HO CKa3aTb, qTo Ha qepqHJIJISI ara,n:upCKHH HH-
QH,n:eHT npOH3BeJI o6paTHOe - H oqeHb CHJibHOe - ,n:eHCT-
BHe. OH npullleJI K y6e)l(,n:eHHEO, qTo Ha EBpony Ha,n:BH-
raeTcsi Ka TacTpocpa H qTo AHrJIHH rpo3HT cMepTeJihHaSI
onacHOCTb. Ilo ero )l(eJiaHHEO AcKBHT nopyqun eMy ynpa-
BJieHue MOpCKHM MHHHCTepCTBOM co cneQHaJibHOH 3a,n:a-
qeif no.n:roTOBHTh 6pHTaHCKHH cpnoT K BOifHe. Ha 3TOM
IlOCTY qepqHJIJib OCTaBaJICSI HeCKOJibKO JieT. 3acnyrH ero B
.n:ene npHBe,n:eHHSI cpnoTa B 6oeByEO rOTOBHOCTb BbICOKO
pacQeHHBaEOTCSI cneQHaJIHCTaMH. B ocpHQHaJibHbIX peqax
CBOHX OH npO.l(OJI)l(aJI BblCTynaTb B KaqecTBe naQmjmcTa.
BnpoqeM, Ha TeMy o Heo6xo,n:uMocTu coxpaHeHHSI Mupa B
TO BpeMSI rOBOpHJIH peqH - H oqeHb xopOlllHe - caMbie
OT'hS1BJieHHb1e H3 tteMeQKHX MHJIHTapHCTOB. BunhreJibM II

523
.n:a:>Ke B03HOeHJI MOJIHTBbl 0 npe.n:oTBpam;eHHH MHpOBOH
BOHHhJ. Tax, HMnepaTop Kapn V, eo.n:ep:>Ka B 3aToqeuHH
nany, e:>Ke.n:ueBHO MOJIHJie.sJ Eory o .n:apoBaHHH eBo6o.n:hl
pHMeKOMY nepBOeB.sJID;eHHHKY.

IV.
B eeoeli MeeTaMH oqeHb xypbe3HOH aBT06HorpaqmH
roeno:>Ka AeKBHT, eynpyra 6hrnIIIero npeMbepa, roBopHT,
qTo JIOHJJ:OHeKHH ee30H 1914 ro.n:a eHJibHO ee pa3oqapoBaJI,
.n:a H .n:o11b ee EJIH3aBeTa BeeenHnaeb eoBeeM Mano. B
MeMyapax 3TOH eTOJib MHOro BHJJ:eBIIIeH .n:aMbl nJieHHTeJib-
HO 3a6aBeH OJJ:HHaKOBbIH, B3BOJIHOBaHH0-06M:>KeHHblH M
eJierKa npe3pHTeJibHbIH TOH: KaKa.sJ Hey.n:o6Ha.sJ KBapTMpa
nonaraeTe.sJ y Hae nepBoMy MMHMeTpy, Her.n:e noeepHyThe.sJ
H neeTHHQa nnoxa.s1. IlpMHQ Y3JibeKMH npHrnacHJI MeH.sJ
eeeTb p.sI,UOM e HMM 3a o6e.noM . .51 3aKpbIJia JIMQO pyxaMM
M rpOMKO BOeKJIMKHyna: «Ax, HeT, .sJ He.noeTaTO'IHO xopo-
IIIO o.neTa». repMaHM.sJ o6'b.sJBMJia BOHHY PoeeMM. EeHKeH-
.nop<l> o6e.nan y Hae eero,nH.s1, M MbI oqeHh e HMM enopMJIM ...
B MeMyapax roeno:>KM AeKBMT eeTh eym;eeTBeHHhie ue.no-
qeTbJ. Ho Ha.no MHoroe npom;aTh emo6neHHhIM, a oHa
6e33aBeTHO H TporaTeJibHO emo6neua - B ee6.s1, pa3y-
MeeTe.s1. Bo Be.sJKOM enyqae, uex0Topb1e eQeHbI JIOH.UOHe-
xoro ee3oHa 1914 ro.na onMeaHhI B ee KHMre nopa3MTeJih-
HO. 4 aeryeTa, KaK M3BeeTHO, AHrJIM.sJ npe,U'b.sJBMJia repMa-
HHH YJibTMMaTyM, epoK KOTOporo MeTeKaJI B IlOJIHO'lb.
3To, BepO.sITHO, 6hIJI e,UMHeTBeHHbIH cnyqaii:, Kor.na M3bIC-
KaHHa.sJ <l>pa3a .no6pbIX eTapbIX npoKJiaMaQHH: «6beT ,UBe-
Ha,UQaTbJH qac» MMeJia peaJibHbIH eMhieJI. «BeqepoM 3Toro
.UH.sJ, - onMebrnaeT r-:>Ka AeKBMT, - MbI CMJJ:eJIH B xa6MHe-
Te reupM c JIOp,UOM Kpy M c C3pOM 3.uyap,UOM rpeeM. MbI
xypMJIM, He r0Bop.s1 HM enoBa ... 3a6MJIM qacbJ. .. Ilpo3Byqan
nocne,nHMH y.uap. Boii:Ha Haqanach . .51 noIIIJia enaTh. OcTa-
HOBHBIIIHeh Ha necTHHQe, .s1 YBM.n:ena YMHCTOHa qep'IMJIJI.sJ.
OH co e11aeTJIMBhIM JIMQOM (with a happy face) 6e:>KaJI no
HanpaBJieHHlO K ,UBepM Ka6MHeTa».
J.h MeMyapoB eaMoro qepqMJIJI.sJ MhI 3HaeM, 'ITO 6e:>Kan
OH K nepBoMy MMHMeTpy B nonHoqh 4 aBrycTa np.s1Mo M3
a,UMMpaJITelieTBa, KOTOpoe 3a MrHOBeHMe .no Toro OTnpa-
BMJIO BeeM eBOMM 3eKa,npaM CMrHaJibHYlO TeJierpaMMy,
03Ha'laBIIIYJO: «HaqHuaii:Te BOeHHbie .ueii:eTBM.sJ npOTMB
repMaHMM». 11 .sJ BilOJIHe BeplO rocno:>Ke ACKBMT, qTo JIMQO
y qepqHJIJI.sJ B 3TY MHHYTY Tax M CH.sJJIO eqacTheM. BnpoqeM,
He y uero o.uuoro. 3To cqaeTJIMBOe M BMecTe c TeM
paeTep.sIHHOe Bbipa:>KeHMe .sJ M eaM BM,UeJI B Te .UHM Ha JIMQaX
524
O'ieHh MHOrHx JIIO,n;eil:, - KOHe'iHO, MeHee BhICOKOIIOCTaB-
JieHHhIX H MeHee OTBeTCTBeHHhIX, 'ieM qep'iHJIJih. Bo3-
Bpamasich B Ha'iane BOHHhI H3-3a rpaHHUhI B PoccHIO
Kpy:>KHhIM rryTeM, SI II06b1BaJI B Tpex rnaBHhIX rocy.n;apCTBax
rrpOTHBOrepMaHCKOH KOaJIHQHH H B ,n;Byx Heil:TpaJibHhIX
CTpaHax, H, rrpaBO, 3TO pacTepSIHHOe CHSIHHe Ha JIHQax
Ka:>KeTCSI MHe caMOH o6meil:, caMOH rropa3HTeJibHOH IICH-
XOJIOrH'ieCKOH qepTOH He3a6hrnaeMhIX ,n;HeH 1914 ro.n;a.
Mo:>KeT 6bITh, 6hIJIO 3,n;ech - y n10.n;eil: Heil:TpanhHhIX -
'ITO-TO OT Toro pa.n;ocTHoro o:>KHBJieHHSI, KOTopoe Anexceil:
AnexeaH,n;poBH'i KapeHHH rrocne eBoero eeMeil:Horo Heeqa-
eThSI 'iHTaJI Ha JIHuax Beex ero oxpy:>KaBIIIHX. MnH, BepHee,
eKa3aJIHeh 'iyBeTBa, Bbipa:>KeHHhie B eTHxax «ITHpa BO BpeMSI
'iYMhI», Ka:>KeTeSI, caMhIX 3HaMeHHThIX BO Beeil: pyceKOH
II033HH: «Bee, Bee, 'ITO rH6eJihlO rp03HT, MSI cep.n:ua
eMepTHOro TaHT HeH3'hSICHHMhl HaCJia:>K,n;eHhSI, 6eccMepTbSI,
MO:>KeT 6bITh, 3anor» ... He 3HaIO. Bo BeSIKOM enyqae,
Haena:>K,n;eHHSI 3.n;eeh MOrJIH 6hITh JIHIIIh BIIOJIHe «HeH3'hSie-
HHMbie». MppaQHoHaJihHOe Ha'iano B 'ieJioBeKe rrpa3.n;Ho-
BaJio IIOJIHYIO rro6e.n;y. B HO'ih y6HiicTBa )Kopeca B ITapH:>Ke
rOBOpHJIH, 'ITO Ha IIOCJie,n;HeM eBoeM Y:>KHHe B «Cafe du
Croissant» BO:>K,n;h couHaJIHCTOB, Bech ,n;eHh MeTaBIIIHiiesi no
roey.n;apcTBeHHhIM JIIO,ll;SIM H yMOJISIBIIIHH HX e.n;enaTh Bee
.n;nsi rrpe,n;oTBpameHHSI BOHHhI, eKa3aJI 6y,n;To 6b1 B 3KCTa3e:
«Non, non, je vois, la guerre est d'essenee divine!»* -
PayJih BHJIJieH, e peBOJihBepoM B xapMaHe, y:>Ke 6po,n;HJI B
OKpeeTHOCTSIX Ko<i>eHHH, pa3bieKHBaSI eBOIO :>KepTBY - rrep-
BYIO :>KepTBY BOHHhI. ,ll;a, HppauHoHaJihHoe Ha'iaJIO Top:>Ke-
eTsosano, - pa,n;oBaThesi se,n;h 6hIJIO xax 6y,n;To He'ieMy:
JieTHHH ee30H 1914 ro.n;a OKa3aJieSI Hey,n;a'IHhIM He TOJlhKO
.n:nsi roerro:>KH AcKBHT H .n:nsi ee ,n;oqepH EJIH3aBeThI.
HeMHOro pa.n;oeTeil: rrpHHecJia BOHHa H qep'IHJIJIIO,
XOTh OH, sepOSITHO, O'ieHh pace'iHTbIBaJI Ha «JiaBphI».
ITepBhIM y.n;apoM .n;nsi Hero 6hlno Ha3Ha'ieHHe KHT'ieHe-
pa Ha ,ll;OJI:>KHOCTh BOeHHoro MHHHeTpa. He3aBHCHMO OT HX
,n;aBHeH JIH'iHOH Bpa:>K,ll;hl eo6hlTHe 3TO, BOCTOp:>KeHHO BeTpe-
'ieHHOe B AHrJIHH, .n;enano rrono:>KeHHe qep'IHJIJISI HeeKOJih-
KO <l>aJihIIIHBhIM. Cpe,n;H JIH6epanhHhIX IIOJIHTHKOB rrpaBH-
TeJibeTsa AeKBHTa oTcTaBHOH ynaH, BepoSITHO, e'iHTancsi
BOeHHhIM aBTOPHTeTOM. Ho, pa3yMeeTesi, .n:nsi JIIO,n;eu, Bceil:
eBoeu :>KH3Hhl0 CBSI3aHHhIX e apMHen, KaK <t>eJib,ll;MapIIIaJI
KHT'ieHep, YHHeTOH qep'iHJIJih 6hlJI xy:>Ke, 'ieM IIITaTeKHn:
OH 6bIJI rronysoeHHhIH. B qep'iHJIJie, eo6eTBeHHo, co'ieTa-

• «HeT, HeT, ll BHlKy: soliua - 3TO 60l1Cbll BOJIJI» (ffip.). PayJib 8HJJJJCH -
y6uliua )l(opeca.- RpuM. peo.

525
 nocb Bee, 'ITO Morno 6bITb nponrnHo nopAy KHT'leHepy:
AHneTaHTH3M, paAHKanH3M, )l(ypHanHCTHKa, nMTepaTypa.
CTapbIH cpenbAMaprnan HH'lero He nHcan; OH Aa)l(e HH'lero
H He 'IHTan·. HHKaKOH 6eAbl He 6bin0 B TOM, 'ITO BO rnaBe
MOpCKOro BeAOMCTBa CTOSin He aAMHpan, a nonHTH'leCKHH
Aesi:Tenb. Bo <l>pam.(HH B Ha11ane BOHHbI BoeHHbIM MHHH-
CTepcTBOM ynpaBnsi:n aABOKaT MHnbepaH, a MopcKHM -
CHcpHnHAOnor OraHbep, H Aena OT 3TOfO IIInH HHCKOnbKO
He xy)l(e. Ho nosi:BneHHe KHT'leHepa B npaBHTenbCTBe
AcKBHTa, TaK cKa3aTb, Hapyrnano CHMMeTpmo Ka6HHeTa:
ecnH BOeHHOe MHHHCTepCTBO nopy11anOCb cpenbAMaprnany'
TO ecTeCTBeHHO 6bin0 nopy'IHTb aAMHpanTeHCTBO Mopsi:Ky.
EABa nH HY)l(HO BoccTaHaBnMBaTb B naMSITH 'IHTaTeneH:
nepBbie, KaTacTpocp1111ecKHe Ansi: co103HHKOB, HeAenM BOH-
HbI. JIHIIIb Tenepb H3 HeAaBHO BbIIIIeAIIIHX KHHf Mbl y3-
HanH, KaKoH cyM6yp H xaoc I.(apMnH B TY nopy Ha Bepxax
6pHTaHCKOH nonHTHKH H 6pHTaHCKOfO KOMattAOBaHHSI.
CcopMnHcb MHHHCTpb1, ccopHnHCb reHepanbI, JlnoHA
,ll;)l(OPA)I( nOAKanhrnancsi: noA AcKBHTa, <l>peH'I He )Kenan
nOA'IHHSITbcsi: KHT'leHepy, K11T11eHep He xoTen C'IHTaTbCSI c
npaBHTenbCTBOM. HHKTO HH'lero He 3Han H He npeABHAen.
Bo BCeM MHpe OAHa rocno)l(a AcKBHT, no ee cnoBaM, cpa3y
coo6pa3Hna, 'ITO BOHHa npoAnHTCSI roAbI. «B BOeHHOM
coBeTe, - paccKa3bIBaeT aAMHpan <l>11rnep, - rnna 11rpa B
KernH: Ka)l(AbIH y11acTHHK coBeTa npeAnaran CBOH nnaH
AeHCTBHH; 3TOT nnaH TOT'laC pa36HBanH, H TOrAa ero
aBTop neMeAnenHo pa36HBan nnaHbI ApyrHx». PacTepsi:ncsi:
H nopA KHT'leHep - OH, co6CTBeHHO, 3Han TOnbKO MeTo-
AbI KOnOHHanbHOH BOHHbI: Ha OAHOM H3 3aCeAaHHH COl03-
HOfO coBeTa EpHaH AOBOnbHO pe3KO eMy HanoMHHn, 'ITO
Me)l(AY <l>paHI.(HeH H CyAaHOM cymecrnyeT HeKoTopasi: pa3-
HHI.(a. CaM nepBbIH MHHMCTp AcKBMT roBopMn: «Wait and
see» («IIOAO)l(AeM H IlOCMOTpHM») H B CB060AHOe BpeMSI
'IHTan ,ll;HKKeHca... TeM BpeMeHeM HeMel.(Kasi: naBMHa He-
YAep)l(HMO Hecnach K IlapH)l(y. EenhrHHCKHe KpenocTH
IIaAanH OAHa Ja Apyroli. qep1111nnb c HCTHHHbIM ApaMa-
TH3MOM OilHCbIBaeT, KaK B ero cnanbHlO B 7 'laCOB yTpa
24 aBrycTa Bowen KHT'leHep c H3BeCTHeM o naAeHHH
HaM10pa. <<.51 no11yBcTBOBan, - roBopHT qep11Hnnb,

' Ero 6norpalj> n BOCTOpllCeHHblii no'IHTaTenb nopA 3wep rosopnT, 'ITO

KHT'ICHep H npnKa3aHHll OTAaBan o6bl'IHO yCTHblC: «OH HCHaBHAen nnca11oe CilOBO».
0AHOMY H3 CBOHX Apy3eii, COCTaBilllBWeMy 6n6nnoTeKy Allll ero HMeHHll, KnT'lenep
Aan CilCAYIOIUYIO HHCTpYKUHIO: «Il03a60TbTCCb 0 CTapHHHblX nepenneTaX, a KaKHe
KHHrH, MHe see paBHO».
" «JI 3aCTana feHpn 3a 'ITCHHCM «Hawero o6mero Apyra». OH MHe CKa3an,
'ITO HaMepen nepe'IHTaTb see poMaHbl .LlHKKCHCa» (H3 AHCBHHKa r-llCH ACKBHT OT 10
asryCTa 1914 r.)

526
 qTO OH ornymeH, TOqHO yJJ:apOM KyJiaKa. rna3a y Hero
6hIJIB BhmyqeHhI, ronoc ero xp:urren... 3To rrmrnneH:ne
K:nTqeHepa B COCTORHHH aroHHH Ha rropore MOeH crraJihHH
coxpaHHTCR y MeHR B rraMRTH JJ:O KOHQa MOHX JJ:Heib>.
CaMhie <PaHTacT:nqecx:ue xoM6HHau;:u:u IIOJJ:Bepran:nch 06-
cy)l(JJ:eHHIO B BOeHHOM COBeTe. CaM qepqHJIJih TO XOTeJI
Bep6oBaTh JJ:06poBOJihqecxy10 apMHIO B AMep:uxe, TO
rrpeJJ:JiaraJI o6paTHThCR K pyccKOMY KOMaHJJ:OBaHHIO c
rrpoch60H 0 rrpHChlJIKe JJ:BYX KoprrycoB MOpCKHM rryTeM H3
ApxaHreJihCKa B OcTeHJJ:e, c TeM qT06b1 yJJ:apHTh B ThIJI
HeMu;aM. 06ru:ee BrreqaTJieH:ne B AHrJIHH 6h!JIO TaKoBo,
qTo Bee KoHqeHo :u qTo crracTH IlapH)I( HeB03MO)l(HO. Co
cBoeli 06h1qHoH rropRJJ:OqHoCThIO YHHCTOH qepq:nJIJih yxa-
3hIBaeT, KeM 6bIJIO crraceHo B Te JJ:HH JJ:eJio COI03HHKOB.
CaMOCTORTeJihHhie HHTepechl Pocc:u:u, - yxa3hrnaeT OH, -
Tpe6oBaJIH 6hl, KOHeqHo, OTBOJJ:a pyccKHX BOUCK OT rpa-
HHQhl JJ:O 3aBeprneHHR o6rn:npHoli Mo6:un:n3au;:u:u. BMecTo
:noro pyccxoe xoMaHJJ:oBaH:ne rrpeJJ:rrpHHRJIO eJJ:HHOBpe-
MeHHOe HaCTYIIJieHHe Ha repMaHCKOM H aBCTpHHCKOM
<PPOHTax. IlpHBeJJ:y IIOJJ:JIHHHhie CJIOBa qepq:nnm1: «B rn-
raHTCKHX H crpaIIIHhIX 6oRx Ha rronRx BocToqHoli Ilpyc-
c:u:u nan u;BeT pyccxou apMHH. Ho pe3yJihTaT ee BTOp)l(e-
HHR 6bIJI HCIIOJih30BaH B peIIIHTeJihHYIO MHHyTy. HepBhl
repMaHcxoro reHepaJihHoro llITa6a He BhIJJ:ep)l(aJIH».
Ha Mope JJ:ena COI03HHKOB IIIJIH HeH3MepHMO nyqrne.
TeM He MeHee qepq:nJIJIIO He Be3JIO.
ra3eTa «Morning Post» OTKpbIJia 6erneHyIO KaMrraHHIO
rrpOTHB llITaTCKoro MOpCKOro MHHHCTpa. qHTaTeJIH IIOM-
HRT, BepORTHO, qTo B :non ra3eTe qepq:nJIJih B MOJIOJJ:OCTH
rrpHHHMaJI caMoe 6JIH3Koe yqacT:ne. 0Ha C03JJ:aJia ero cnaBy.
no TOHY JII06ou ra3eTHOU KaMIIaHHH OIIhITHhIU qeJIO-
BeK BcerJJ:a rroqTH 6e30IIIH6oqHo MO)l(eT CKa3aTh, CKphI-
BaIOTCR JIM Ja HeH KaKHe-JIH6o JIHqHhie MOTHBhl. B xapaK-
Tepe TpaBJIH qepqHJIJIR, rrpeJJ:IIPHH.SITOU ra3eTOU «Morning
Post», coMHeBaThCR He rrp:uxoJJ:HTcR· . .ll:JI.SI rocyJJ:apcTBeH-
HhIX JIIOJJ:eli TpaBJI.SI JJ:OBOJihHO o6hlqHoe JJ:eJio. B CB.SI3H c
HeH IIOJIHTHqecKHe JJ:eRTeJIH MOryT 6h!Th JJ:a)l(e JJ:eJIHMhl Ha
JJ:Ba pa3p.SIJJ:a: OJJ:HH B03pa)l(aIOT H crrop.SIT, JJ:pyrne yrropHo
MOJiqaT. qexoB rreCCHMHCTHqecKH 3aMeqaJI, qTo B03pa-
)l(aTh H crropHTh B IIOJJ:06HhIX cnyqa.SIX - Bee paBHO qTo
JJ:epraTh qepTa 3a XBOCT HJIH CTapaThCR rrepexp:nqaTh 3JIYIO
6a6y. Taxoro )Ke MHeHH.SI JJ:ep)l(aJICR 3pHecT PeHaH. «Ne

' B csoeii KHHre «Contemporary Personalities» nop.z. l>epKenxe.z. rosopHT, 'ITO

pyKOBO.QHTCJlb «Morning Post» npecne.QOBBJI qep'IHJIJlll «C TOH WYMHOH H MCJIKOH
3JJ06oii, KOTOPYJO 3TOT rocno.QHH HHOr.Qa npOllBJJllCT, 00.Q'IHHllllCb .QaMCKHM npH-
Ka3aM» («according to feminine orders»).

527
repondez jamais»*, - COBeTOBaJI OH. 0,LJ,HaKO npaKTHKa
6brnaeT pa3Ha.SI. Jfa 3HaMeHHTbIX rocy,LJ,apCTBeHHbIX JIIO,LJ,eii
<l>paHI~HH IlyaHKape B03pa:>KaeT nocTO.SIHHO, KneMaHco
orphnaeTc.si pa3 B ro.LJ., Bpuan HHKOr,LJ,a He OTBe11aeT. B
AHrJIHH K OTBe11a10muM npHHa,LJ,ne:>KaT Po36epu, ,[J.ap6u,
Kep3oH; K Heorne11a10mHM 3.LJ.. rpeii, AcKBHT. «Ha reHpH
OT3b1Bbl ne11aTH npOH3BO,LJ,.SIT TaKoe :>Ke ,LJ,eUCTBHe, KaK KO-
Mapbl Ha co6op CB. IlaBna», - He 6e3 .LJ.OCa.LJ.hI 3aMe11aeT
o CBOeM My:>Ke rocno:>Ka AcKBHT. YHHCTOH qep11HJIJih,
KOHe'IHO, no npupo,LJ,e H3 «OTBe11a10mHx». Ho 6e.LJ.a ero B
1914 ro,LJ,y 3aKJIIOtfaJiaCb B TOM, 'ITO OTBelfaTh OH He HMeJI
npaBa, TaK KaK H3 Ka:>K,LJ,oro ero cnoBa Mor 6h1 H3BJietfh
noJih3Y HenpH.siTeJih. «Morning Post» cMellIHBana qep11un-
n.si c rp.si3bIO. BnecT.simue ycnex11 6puTaHcKoro <}>noTa,
ycTaHOBHBlllerO 6JIOKa,LJ,y repMaHHH, ofiecne'IHBlllerO ne-
peB03KY MOpeM BOUCK, CHap.S!.LJ.OB, npOBHaHTa, He CTaBH-
JIHCb B 3acnyry MOpCKOMY MHHHCTpy. Ka:>K,LJ,a.SI Hey,LJ,atfa
BMeH.sinacb eMy B npecTynneHHe. Y ToncToro B «BocK-
peceHHH» <}>a6pH11HbIU, IlhIOmHii B BaroHe BO.LJ.Ky, roBOpHT
<}>11noco<}>cKH Hexn10,LJ,0By: «qTo, 6ap11H? KaK pa6oTaeM -
HHKTO He BH,LJ,HT, a BOT KaK IlbeM- Bee BH.LJ..SIT» ... qep'IHJIJib
Mor 6b1 cKa3aTh o ce6e np116nM3HTeJibHO TO :>Ke caMoe.
0.LJ.HO 3aMetfaTeJibHOe npOHCllleCTBHe, KOTOpoe HaHeCJIO
:>KeCTOKHii y.LJ.ap qep1111nn10, .si H3JIO:>KY BKpan~e. MHor11e,
Bepo.siTHO, noMH.SIT, 'ITO B Ha11ane BOUHhI (16 ,LJ,eKa6p.si
1914 ro,LJ,a) repMaHCKa.s! 3CKa,LJ,pa a,LJ,MHpaJia r11nnepa He3a-
MeTHO no,LJ,OllIJia K 6eperaM AHrJIHH 11 no,LJ,Beprna 6oM6ap-
.LJ.MpoBKe ropo.LJ.a CKap6opo 11 XapTJihnyJih. B o<}>uu,11anh-
noM coo6meHHH 6pHTaHCKoro a,LJ,MHpaJITeiiCTBa 6hIJIO 06
3TOM ,LJ,He KpaTKO CKa3aHO, 'ITO, IlOJIY'IHB H3BeCTHe 0 HaJieTe
HenpH.S!TeJihCKOU 3CKa,LJ,pbI, aHrJIHUCKHe MOpCKHe CHJlbl Ilbl-
TaJIHCb OTpe3aTb eii OTCTynneHMe; HO 6naro,LJ,ap.si HaBHC-
llleMy ryCTOMY TyMaHy 3CKa,LJ,pe a,LJ,MHpaJia r11nnepa y,LJ,a-
JIOCb cKphITbC.si. Bo BpeM.si 6oM6ap.LJ.MPOBKH 6b1JI0 y611To 11
paHeHO HeCKOJibKO COT qeJIOBeK rpa:>K,LJ,aHCKOro HaCeJieHH.SI,
nor116no MHO:>KeCTBO ,LJ,eTeii, :>KeHmMH. EcTeCTBeHHO, co6hl-
THe 3TO BhI3Bano B AHrJIHH HacTo.simy10 6yp10 Hero,LJ,oBaHM.si
He TOJibKO npOTHB «baby-killers» (y611iiu, MJia,LJ,eHU,eB), HO
H npOTHB «HHtfero He npe.LJ.yCMOTpeBlllero» MOpCKoro MH-
HHCTpa. qep'IHJIJib .LJ.OJI:>KeH 6bIJI MOJI'laTb, CTHCHYB 3y6hI.
Me:>K.LJ.Y TeM OH MMeJI nonHoe npaBo BM.LJ.eTh B 3TOM co6bITHH
TOp:>KeCTBO 6pHTaHCKOro a,LJ,MHpaJITeUCTBa H C03,LJ,aHHOH HM
pa3Be,LJ,O'IHOH CHCTeMhl.
HacTo.simuii xapaKTep peii,LJ,a a,LJ,MHpana r11nnepa Bbl-

• «HHKOr.lla He B03pallCaiiTe» (rjjp.).

528
 SICHMJICSI - ;::i;a M TO ;::i;aJieKO He BilOJIHe - JIMlllb B CaMOe
He;::i;aBHee BpeMSl. c 3TMM 3IlM30,ll;OM He M,ll;eT B cpaBHeHMe
HMKaKoii noJim~eiicKMH poMaH. E;::i;Ba JIM Hyxrno roBopMTh,
qTo BO BpeMSl BOHHbl AHrJIMSl MMeJia B repMaHMM, KaK
repMaHMSl B AHrJIMM, npeBOCXOAHYIO pa3Be;::i;oqHyIO CJiy)l(-
6y. Ilo;::i;po6Hble CBe;::i;eHMSl 060 BCeM 3TOM e;::i;Ba JIM CTaHyT
M3BeCTHbIMM HaUieMy UOKOJieHMlO («qepe3 50 JieT npoqTe-
Te B «PyccKoii CTapMHe», - ycnoKaMBaJI HeTepneJIMBhIX
JIIO,ll;eH IIJ,e;::i;pMH). repMaHCKMe a,ll;MMpaJibl M <PeJib,ll;Map-
UiaJibl B BOCUOMHHaHMSIX 0 MMpOBOH BOHHe HMqero B006-
IQe He rOBOpSIT 0 CBOeH CMCTeMe llIUHOHa)l(a, - OHM He
JIMTepaTOpbl M 3a JIHTepaTypHbIMM 3cpcpeKTaMH He roHSl-
lOTCSl. qepqMJIJih B CBOMX MeMyapax oqeHh rnyxo 3aMe-
qaeT, qTo rJiaBHblM MCTOqHMKOM CBe;::i;eHMH aHrJIMHCKoro
a;::i;MMpaJITeHCTBa 0 ;::i;eiiCTBMSIX M HaMepeHMSIX HeMeIJ,KOro
MOpCKoro KOMaH,ll;OBaHHSl 6hlJIH ,ll;OHeCeHMSl ceKpeTHI:.IX
areHTOB M3 caMoii repMaHHH. B CBSl3H c HaJieToM Ha
CKap6opo OH no;::i;po6Ho H ;::i;oKyMeHTaJihHO ycTaHaBJIM-
BaeT, qTo MMeHHO eMy 6hlJIO coo6IQeHO. I-fa ony6JIMKOBaH-
HbIX o<PMu,MaJihHbIX TeJierpaMM BblSICHSleTCSl CJie,ll;YfOlllMH
M3YMMTeJihHbIH cpaKT. 3a ,ll;Ba ,ll;HSI ;::i;o HaJieTa qepqMJIJilO
6hIJIM M3BeCTHbl ;::i;eHb H qac Bb!XO,ll;a 3CKa,ll;pbl a,ll;MMpana
rMnnepa, ee COCTaB, ee 3a;::i;aqa Hee HanpaBJieHMe. MHbllYIM
CJIOBaMM, qepqMJIJilO 6bIJIO M3BeCTHO TO, qTo B BblCllleM
repMaHCKOM KOMaH,ll;OBaHMH MOrJIM 3HaTh JIMlllb HeCKOJib-
KO qenoBeK. KaK )l(e He eepMTh xo;::i;srIQeMy Teneph cnyxy,
6y;::i;To y aHrJIMHCKoro npaBMTeJibCTBa eCTb «cneu,MaJihHbIH
KoppecnoH;::i;eHT» B CoeeTe Hapo;::i;HhIX KoMHccapoB!
B COOTBeTCTBHM c noJiyqeHHbIMM M3 repMaHMM CBe;::i;e-
HMSIMH qepqHJIJib 14 ;::i;eKa6psr H3BeCTMJI a;::i;MMpaJia .A)l(eJI-
JIHKO, qTo qeThlpe 6oeBbIX repMaHCKMX Kpeiicepa, USITb
KpeiicepoB JierKMX M TPM cpJIOTHJIHH MHHOHOCIJ,eB BO BTOp-
HMK 16 ;::i;eKa6psr c 3ape10 BhIHAYT Ha Bcex napax m 6a3hI,
o6cTpensrIOT 6epera AHrJIMM M noHecyTcsr Ha3a;::i;. ,Ansr Toro
qTo6hl OTpe3aTh M YHMqTO)l(MTb <PnoTMJIMlO r11nnepa, rJiaB-
HOKOMaH,ll;YIOIQeMy 6pHTaHCKHM cpJIOTOM npe;::i;nMChIBa-
JIOCb OTpSl,ll;MTb BTopyIO JIMHeHHYIO 3CKa;::i;py, nepByIO 3CKa-
;::i;py 6oeBbIX KpeiicepoB M HeCKOJibKO BCUOMOraTeJibHbIX
nerKMX 3CKa;::i;p. CHJihI 3TH, Haxo;::i;MBUIMeCSl no;::i; KOMaH,ll;OH
a;::i;MMpanoe YoppeH;::i;epa M oMTTM M cocTaBJISlBUIMe npM6-
JIM3MTeJihHO TpeTh Bcero 6pMTaHCKOro BOeHHOro cpJIOTa,
,ll;OJl)l(Hbl 6bIJIM )l(,ll;aTh rMnnepa B TOqHO yKa3aHHOe BpeMSl,
B TOqHo yKa3aHHOM MeCTe. JlerKO ce6e npe;::i;cTaBMTb, c
KaKMM qyBCTBOM qepqMJIJib ,ll;OJI)l(eH 6hlJI MOJiqa rJIOTaTb
paccy)l(,ll;eHMSl 0 TOM, qTO OH pOBHO HMqero He 3HaJI M
HMqero He npe;::i;ycMoTpen.
18-5317
529
 0AHaKO 3AeCh, no-BH,ll;IiMOMy, KOH'laeTC.ff TOp)f(eCTBO
anrJIHHCKOH pa3BeAKH H HalJHHaeTC.ff TOp)f(eCTBO pa3BeAKH
repMaHCKOH. B CBOI-0 011epeAh lieMeQKOe MOpCKOe KOMaH-
AOBaHHe 3Hano, 'ITO BeCbMa 3HalJHTeJ1hHhie uenpH.HTeJlbC-
KHe CHJlbl AOJI)f(Hbl OTpe3aTh OTCTynnenHe 3CKaApbI aAMH-
pana runnepa. Ilo MHeHHI-0 HOBeil:rnerO BOeHHOrO HCTOpH-
Ka, B 3TOM, a He B o6cTpene ropOAOB H 3aKJ1I-O'laJ1C.ff Bech
CMhICJI uaneTa ua CKap6opo. 16 AeKa6p.H 1914 roAa AOJI)f(HO
6hIJ10 CTa Tb TeM «Tag».' 0 KOTOpOM, no pacnpOCTpaneHHOH
nerenAe, B Te11eHHe AeC.HTHJieTHH Me11Tan11 neMeQKMe Mop.SI-
KH. 3cKaApa aAMHpana runnepa 61>1na lJeM-TO BpOAe KYCKa
Cana, KOTOpbIH KJlaAyT B MbIIIIeJIOBKy. repMaHCKOe KOMaH-
AOBaHHe OTnpaBJ1.ffJ10 runnepa nO'ITM Ha BepHyI-O rH6eJ1b
AJI.ff Toro, 11To6b1 JaBne11h B noByrnKy Y oppenAepa H EHTTH:
BcneA Ja uanpaBJI.HBrneil:c.H B CKap6opo Kpeil:cepcKoil: 3CKaA-
poil: H3 renhrOJiaHACKOH MOpCKOH 6a3bl C noTyIIIeHHbIMH
OrH.ffMM BhIIIIeJI Beeb repMaHCKHH 6oeBOH cpnoT ( «das
Gros») noA ua11anhCTBOM caMoro rnaBHOK0MaUAy1-0rn;ero
aAMHpana 11HreHOJ1.ff. Ero JaAa11a JaKn1-011anacb B TOM,
'IT06hI OTpe3aTh M YHH'ITO)f(HTb Te 6pMTaHCKMe MOpCKHe
CMJlhl, KOTOpble AOJl:>KHhl 6hIJ1M OTpe3aTh M YHH'ITO:>KMTb
3CKaApy aAMHpana runnepa.
<l>HHaJI 3TOro Aena Mor 6bI H306pa3HTb BMKTOp r1-0ro.
Ou cKa3an 6h1, 'ITO He6o, pa3rueBanuoe XHTpocThI-O, 3JI0-
6oil: M KOBapcTBOM JII-OAeil:, B pernwTeJihHYI-O MHHYTY ony-
CTHJIO 3aHaBeC HaA Ah.ffBOJlhCKOH nheCOH. rycTOH, Henpo-
HHQaeMhIH TyMaH pa3HeCC.ff HaA BOAOI-0, M B HeM noTep.HJIH
Apyr Apyra HeMeQKHe H 6pHTaHCKHe 3CKaApbI. IlepBoe
H3BeCTHe 0 co6bITH.ffX qep'IHJ1J1b nony'IHJ1, CHA.ff B BaHHe.
((j{ CXBaTHJl TenerpaMMY MOKpoil: pyKoil:: «HeMeQKMe 6oe-
Bble Kpeil:cepa 6oM6apAHPYI-OT XapTJihnynh» ... jJ c KpH-
KOM BhICKO'IMJl M3 BaHHhl M, naKHHYB nnaThe Ha MOKpoe
Teno, no6e)f(aJI B 3any coBeTa» ... TenerpaMMhI y:>Ke Chma-
JIMCh, C'leTOM npM6J1H3MTeJ1hHO no 2-3 B MHHyTy. 113
6oM6apAHpOBaHHbIX ropOAOB npHXOAHJlH y)f(aCHble BeCTH
06 y6HTbIX M HCKaJie'leHHbIX JlI-OA.ffX - pa3Be 3TO Tenepb
Morno MMeTb 3HalJeHHe? ropa3AO XYAIIIMe M3BeCTM.ff IIIJ1M c
MOp.H: OHH coo6rn;anH BeJIH'IHHY BHAHMOH Ha Mope nono-
Chl, COKparn;aBIIIeHC.ff co CTpaIIIHOH 6hICTpOTOH: 7 ThIC .
.HPAOB, 6 TbIC., 5 TbIC., 4 TbIC., 3 TbIC., 2 TbIC. IleJieHa
TyMana HaABMranacb see rny6:>Ke. rwnnep ycxon1>3an.
«Top:>KeCTBeHHhie JIHQa aAMMpanoB <l>wrnepa M BwnhcoHa
He BhIAaBaJIH MX BOJIHeHH.ff, HO .ff 11yBCTBOBaJ1, 'ITO OHH
cropaI-OT Ha MeAneunoM orne» ... B 3TM 11acb1 no Apyry1-0

• «AeHh» (neM.).

530
cTopoHy CesepHoro MOpH psano Ha ce6e BOJIOCbI rep-
MaHCKoe a,nMopaJibI. IlpecTapeJihIH Topnm.1, nucan '1epe3
MecH1.1,: « 16 ,neKa6pH 11HreHOJib .nep)l(aJI B pyKax cy,nh6b1
repMaHOO. JI npOXO)f(Y B BOJIHeHOe Ka)f(,UbIH pa3, KaK Sl 06
3TOM ~MaJO» ...
JI 03Jl0)1(0JI (o'leHb HenOJIHO) O,UOH TOJlbKO 3n030,U 03
,neHTeJibHOCTO qep'IOJIJISI B Ka'leCTBe MOpCKoro MOHOCTpa.
He OMeSl B03MO)f(HOCTO OCTaHOBOTbCSl Ha Heii no.npo6Ho,
CKa)f(y TOJlbKO, 'ITO Hey,naqa ,nap,naHeJIJibCKOH 3Kcne,UOl.l,HO
HaHecna eMy caMbIH TSl)l(eJihIH y,nap. OH .UOJI)f(eH 6hrn
OCTaBOTb nocT MOpCKoro MOHOCTpa. BcKope BCJie,U 3a TeM
OH OTnpaBOJICSl BO <l>paHI.J,OJO Ha <}lpOHT B Ka'leCTBe pH,UO-
BOro o<}>H:1.1,epa. 11 .UPY3bSI H Bparn qep'IOJIJISI C'IHTaJIH ero
noJIOTH'leCKYJO Kapbepy KOH'leHHOH. IlOJIO)f(OTeJibHO, OH
HanpaCHO «CHSIJI» B HO'lb 4 asrycTa 1914 ro,na. «Ero )1(03Hb
pa36H:Ta... OH cosepmeHHO noTepHJI 06I1.1,ecTBeHHoe .no-
BepRe ... OH nan, KaK Jlro1.1,H:<}lep, H Ha,nesiTbCSI eMy 6onhme
He Ha 'ITO. Eonbmasi Tpare.nosi!» - cKa3a,JI O.UHH o3
6Jio)l(attmHx coTpy,nHOKOB qep'IHJIJIH.

v.
OH BbinJibIJI, o ,na)f(e o'leHb cKopo. Jlnoli.n .D:)f(op,n)f(,
CTaB rnaBOH npaBH:TeJibCTBa, BepHyJI c <}lpoHTa CBoero
,npyra . .LJ:aJibHeiimHe 3TanhI Kapbepbl qep'IOJIJISI: MOHOCTe-
pCTBO CHa6)f(eHHSI, MHHOCTepCTBO 803,nyxonnaBaHOSI,
BOeHHOe MHHHCTepCTBO. Ho BOCTOp)f(eHHbIH pa,noKaJibHbIH
pe<}lopMaTop y)f(e npoHa,nne)f(aJI ocTopoH. Pacxo)f(,UeHH:e
Me)f(,ny qep'IHJIJieM o no6epanaMo Ha'lanoch c nepBbIX
He,nenh BOHHhI. Ecno MS! «Morning Post» OH 6brn npe-
0MyI1.1,eCTBeHHO lliTaTCKOM 3KCI.J,eHTpOKOM H Hey,na'IHbIM
MOpCKHM MHHHCTpOM, TO JIH6epaJibl BH,UeJIO B HeM npe-
)1(,Ue BCero rnasy BOeHHOH napTHO 0 B,UOXHOBHTeJISl lliOBO-
HHCTOB. MHoroe ,npyroe ycRJIHJIO rnyxoli pa3na.n Me)f(,ny
qep'IHJIJieM H JIH6epanhHOH napTH:eii. ncoxonoroqecKoe
npoMaxo ee JIH,UepoB, o6bI'IHOe 6e,UCTBHe nOJIHTO'leCKHX
.nesiTeJieii, 3arHaJIH B npOTHBOnOJIO)l(HblH narepb 3TOro
CTpaCTHoro 'leJIOBeKa.
C Jlnoii.n .LJ:)f(op.n)f(eM OH TO)f(e He nona,non - npeH:My-
Il.l,ecTBeHHO no «pyccKoii npo6neMe». B )f(H3HO YoHCTOHa
qep'IHJIJISI pyccKaSI np06JieMa 3aHSIJia OrpOMHOe MeCTO. Ilo
MHoroM npo'IH:HaM si KacaThCSI ee He 6y,ny. He O·~TaHoB­
JIJOCh H Ha CJIO)f(HbIX OTHOllieHHSIX 3HaMeHOTOro MHHHCTpa
c E. B. CaBHHKOBhIM. B MOHHeiimeii H noToMy CKY'IHOBa-
531
 TOH KOMe)J,HH, pa3birpaHHOH B 1924 ro.ny BOeHHOH KOJ1Jle-
rneii: BepxoBHoro c¥.na CCCP, CaBHHKOB noKa3an: «Ha-
CKOJlbKO .SI nOMHIO , n03HQH.SI Jlnoii:.n ,[J;x<Op,rr;Ka 6bIJia
TaKoBa, qTo OH YMhrnan pyKn, .nenan BH,n, qTo OH He coBceM
B Kypce Toro, qTo .nenaeT qepqHJlJlb, XOT.SI OH, KOHeqHo,
6hm B Kypce. XoT.si:, pa3yMeeTc.si:, qepqnnnh He .nenan poBHO
Hnqero 6e3 cornacn.si: Jlnoii:.n ,[J;xwp,nil<a, HO BHeurne 3TO
HMeno TaKoii: BH,l(. ,[J;ail<e Tor.na, Kor.na .si: 6ece,noBan c Jlnoii:.n
,[J;i1<op,nil<eM JlHqHo, OH Bcer.na 3aHHMaJ1 n03HQHIO HeMHOro
)J,BOHCTBeH11y10, a qepqHJlJlb, .neikTBHTeJlbHO, oqeHb 3Hep-
rnqHo cTapanc.si: noMoqb». CaBHHKOB eme yKa3brnaeT, qTo
reHepan ,[J;eHHKHH npnrnaCHJl B CBOe npaBHTeJlbCTBO
H. B. qaifKOBCKoro no HaCTO.SIHHIO qepqnnn.si:. E,nBa nn 3TO
BepHo, .na H oqeHb Yil< HenpaB,nono.no6Ho: noKOHHbIH Hn-
Konaii: BaCHJlbeBnq OTHIO,l(b He 6hIJ1 TeM qeJlOBeKOM, KOTO-
poro Mor 6b1 peKoMeH,noBaTb B npaBHTenn YnHCTOH qep-
qnnnh B 3TY nopy CBOeH )l(H3HH.
Ilocne yxo.na B OTCTaBKY ooHapa Jloy ,D,OJl)l(HOCTh KaHQ-
nepa Ka3HaqeikTBa, o6blqHoe npe.n.nBepne K Ka6nHeTy nep-
Boro MHHHCTpa, ,l(OCTanacb He qepqHJlJllO, a C3py Po6epTy
ropHy, qTo, no CJlOBaM opHTaHCKOH 3HQHKJ10ne,l(HH, .SIBH-
JlOCb 0,l(HHM H3 caMhIX il<eCTOKHX pa3oqapoBaHHH BCeii il<H3-
HH qepqnnn.si:. Mo)l(eT 6bITh, 3TO H HeCKOJlbKO npeyBenn-
qeHo, - ,nyMalO, y Hero 6hmH H 6onee rny6oKne pa3oqapo-
BaHH.si:: OH pa3oqaposanc.si: B peaKQHOHepax H B pa,nnKanax,
B BeJlHKo,nyumn KnHeHepa H B .npy)l(6e Jlnoii:.n ,[J;)l(op,nil<a,
B naQHQHi3Me H B MHJ1HTapH3Me, B B03MOil<HOCTH .nap-
,naHeJlJlbCKoro npophrna H B Qenecoo6pa3HOCTH pyccKou
HHTepBeHQHH, B BepcanhCKOM Mnpe H B Jlure HaQHH, B
no.n.nep)l(Ke COQHaJlHCTOB H B 6oph6e c COQHaJlHCTaMH.
qepqMJlJlb Ha speM.si: «oTornen B qacTHYIO )l(H3Hh». B
qacTHOH )l(H3HH OH H3,l(aBHa H3YMJ1.SIJ1 JlOH,l(OH He06bIK-
HOBeHHbIMH BOpOTHlfqKaMH H noTp.si:ca10mHMH IllJl.SlnaMH.
HeKoTopa.si: CKJlOHHOCTh H3YMJ1.S1Th n10.n:eii: 6e3 KpaiiHeii:
Heo6xo,n:HMOCTH .SIBJl.SleTC.SI, no-BH,l(HMOMy, Hacne,n:CTBeH-
HOH qepTou B po.n:e Manh6opo. PaH,n:omp qepqHJlJlh e3,n:nn
B A<}lpnKy cTpen.si:Tb JlhBOB. Ero ChIH BhICTasn.si:eT B Ilapu-
il<e KapTHHbl co6CTBeHHOH KHCTH. KpoMe Toro, OH OCHO-
BaJl Kny6, H npHTOM c BeCbMa He06bIKHOBeHHbIM ycTaBOM.
qneHhI «The Other Club»'a co6upa10Tc.si: pa3 B ,n:Be He.n:enH
o6e.n:aTb. Mx scero 50 qenoBeK, npnqeM TOJlhKO 24 MoryT
6bITb nOJlHTlfqecKHMH .n:e.si:TeJl.SIMH, - xopornero noHeM-
HOil<Ky. OcTaJlbHhie - 3HaMeHHThie nucaTenu, yqeuh1e,
reHepanhI. l1MeHa pacnop.si:.n:nTeneii Kny6a, no ycTaBy,

• IlpH6JIH3HTeJI&Ho TO llCC caMoe ll CJibIWaJI OT B. B. CaBHHKOBa B 1920 r.

532
 OKpy)l(eHbl uenpOHHU.aeMOH TaHHOH, Bpo.n;e Toro, KaK y
Hae KOr.n;a-To HMeHa •rneHOB 11cnoJIHHTeJibHOro KOMHTeTa
«Hapo.n;uou BoJIH». 3aTo npe.n;ce.n;aTeJIH KOMHCCHH MoryT
6h1Tb H3BeCTHbl MHpy. Bo rJiaBe CHrapHOH KOMHCCHH CTO-
HT JlJiou.n; ):()l(op.n;)I(. KoMHCCHSI no nopTBeuuy BBepeua,
Ka)l(eTCSI, a.n;MHpaJiy BHTTH. ):(BepH KJiy6a OTKpbIJIHCb H
,ll;JISI qJieHOB pa6oqeu napTHH, ueCMOTpSI Ha HeHaBHCTb
1.JepqHJIJISI K cou.naJIHCTaM H cou.HaJIHCTOB K 1.JepqHJIJIIO.
IloJIHTHKa nOJIHTHKOH, a nopTBeHH nopTBeHHOM. 3To
npaBHJIO B Mepy B03MO)l(Horo co6JI10.n;aeTCS1 aurJIHqaua-
MH. Kor.n;a B cos. PoccHIO ye3)1(aJia cou.HaJIHCTHqecKaSI
.n;eJierau.HSI, KOHCepBaTOpbI, BO rJiaBe c BepKeuxe.n;oM, OCbl-
naJIH ee 6paHbIO. Ho TaK KaK PoccHSI cTpaHa xono.n;uaSI, a
y o.n;Horo H3 .n;eneraTOB He 6hlno Tennon rny6hl, TO eMy
n106e3uo .n;an ua apeMSI cao10 rny6y nop.n; BepKeHxe.n;, -
on He )l(eJiaeT npocTy.n;h1 n nonHTHqecKoMy Bpary. Co-
U.HaJI-npe.n;aTeJih TaK H xo.n;HJI no MocKBe B rny6e OT'hSIB-
neuuoro peaKu.Houepa, no qyqeny KOTOporo CTpeJISIIOT H3
HrpyrneqHbIX py)l(eH MOCKOBCKHe KOMCOMOJibU.bl. ..
1.JepqHJIJib npo6oBaJI OCHOBaTh H co6CTBeHHYIO, u.euT-
paJibHYIO napTHIO - H3 :noro Hffqero He BbllIIJIO. 1.JTO
OCTaBaJIOCb eMy .n;enaTb? 1.JTO TaKOe nOJIHTHqeCKHH .n;eSI-
TeJib 6e3 napTHH? PocKOlIIh 6h1Th «.D:HKHMH» MorJIH no3BO-
JIHTh ce6e JIIO.D:H, HMeBrnHe opeon cnacHTeJieu po.n;HHhI -
KJieMaHco, BncMapK. CTaphlu KaaanepHcT Kone6ancSI ue-
.n;onro. ,[I;Ba.n;u.aTb JieT TOMY Ha3a.n;, nOKH,ll;aSI KOHCepBaTO-
poB, YHHCTOH 1.JepqHJIJih «BOCKJIHKHYJI»: «Cnaaa Bory, B
AnrJIHH ecTb nn6epaJihHa» napTn»!» Y Hero xaaTnno
TaKTa npn pa3pbIBe c JIH6epanaMH He BOCKJIHU.aTb B 1924
ro.n;y: «Cnaaa Bory, B AHrJinn ecTh KoucepBaTHBHaSI nap-
THSI!» 1.JepqHJIJib BepHyJIC» K KOHCepBaTopaM 6e3 BCSIKOro
HCTOpnqecKoro BOCKJIHU.aHHSI.
Tenepb YnncToH 1.JepqnJIJih - Kanu.nep Ka3naqeucTBa
H npH3HaHHbIH KaH.n;n.n;aT B npeMbepbI, XOT» ero clmuau-
COBaSI TIOJIHTHKa, Ka)l(eTCSI, He Bbl3bIBaeT B AnrJIHH BOC-
Topra. 3a6aauoe Bbipa)l(eHHe Keiiuca «3KOHOMnqecKne no-
cne.n;cTBHSI MHCTepa 1.JepqHJIJISI)) KaK 6hl npnpaBHHBaeT K
cTnxnunoMy 6e.n;cTBHIO JinquocTh HhrnernHero Kauu.nepa
Ka3naqeiicTBa. B 1.Jepqunne, Kouequo, ecTh TO, qTo o6hlq-
uo Ha3hIBaIOT CTHxnuuou cnnoii. Ou HMeeT penyTaU.HIO
npeKpacuoro opaTopa. HeKOTOpb1e ero 3KcnpoMThI B na-
naTe 06111.1rn npoH3BO.D:HJIH CHJibHeurnee BneqaTJieHHe. He
noMHIO, KTO CKa3aJI, 6y.n;TO Ha H3fOTOBJieHne ocnennTeJih-
HbIX «3KCnpOMTOB» 1.JepqnJIJib noTpaTHJI Jiyqrnue ro.n;hl
cBoeu )l(H3HH. Ou 3aHHMan Ha npoTSI)l(eHnn 20 neT qyTh JIH
He BCe cy111.ecTBYIOII.J.He B Aur JIHH MHHHCTepcKne nOCTbl H,

533
CJie,UOBaTeJibHO, HMeeT orpOMHhIH npaBHTeJibCTBeHHhIH
OilhIT. KaKOBhl B TO'IHOCTH ero HhIHelliHHe B3rml,Uhl, CKa-
3aTh Tpy.uuo. K KoucepBaTopaM ou nepemen npoquo -
KaK roBopSIT <f>pam~y3hl, «avec armes et bagages» •. MnH,
Bepuee, TOJihKO «avec armes»: H.UeHHhlH 6araxc ua TpH
tJeTBepTH pacTepSIH qep'IHJineM B .uopore. Bnpo'leM, rnaB-
uaSI ero oco6euuocTh Bcer.ua 6hma B npeo611a.uanHH Bone-
Boro uaqana ua.u norH'leCKHM. Ou npHua.unexcHT K onac-
uoii: nopo.ue noJIHTH'leCKHX ,ueSITeneii:, KOTOpb1e pyKoBo-
.llSITCSI npaBHJIOM <<He pa3MhilliJISIHTe, a .ueiicTBYHTe». To'l-
uee roBOpSI, OH CHa'laJla .ueiiCTByeT, a IlOTOM pa3Mhllli-
JISleT. OT ponH My,uporo co3ep~aTeJ1S1 qep'IHJIJlh npoquo
3acTpaxoBaH TeMnepaMeHTOM. Ou CJIHlliKOM )KHBOH tJeno-
BeK .llJISI Toro, 'IT06bI 6bITh 'leJIOBeKOM rocy.uapCTBeHHhIM;
HO MO)KHO CKa3aTh TaK)Ke c IlOJIHOH yBepeHHOCThIO, 'ITO
MHOrO'IHCJleHHhie pa30'lapoBaHHSI HHKaK He npHBe,uyT ero
K CKenTH~H3MY HJIH K 6e3,ueiicTBHIO. OcuoBHaSI qepTa
qep'IHJIJISI, pa3yMeeTCSI, 'leCTOJII06He. B cBoeM poMaue
«CaBpona» OH H caM npo3paquo Ha :no HaMeKaeT. Y
6pHTaHCKOro npeMbepa eCTh pa3Hhle B03MO)KHOCTH .llJISI
Toro, 'IT06hl Y.UHBJISITh MHp. EnH3KHH K qep'IHJIJIIO nop.u
EepKeuxe.u KaK-TO CKa3an: «BenHKHH ,ll;H3pa:mH ue OT-
Ka3hIBaJicSI OT HMeHH aBaHTIOpHCTa. He OTKa)KyCh OT Hero
H SI: BCSI uama :>KH3Hh aBaHTIOpa». 3To, KOHe'IHO, Hrpa
CJIOBaMH. YHHCTOH qep'IHJIJlh OTHIO.Uh He aBaHTIOpHCT B
.uypHOM CMhlCJle CJIOBa. Ho OH HrpOK, H HrpoK O'leHh
a3apTHhIH. qeptJHJIJlh nro6HT noBTOpSITh cnoBa Hanoneo-
Ha: «ECJIH MOH a,UMHpaJibl IlOCTOSIHHO TepnSIT nopa)KeHHe,
TO :no rrpOHCXO.UHT OTTOro, 'ITO KTO-TO HM BHYlliHJI,
6y,uTo MO)KHO BecTH BOHHY 6e3 pHcKa» .

• «C opylKHeM H 6arll)ICOM» (,Pp.).

Тома.ел~
 KopoJib «l>eiicaJI u noJIKOBHHK Jloypeuc

I.
H e TaK ,[{aBHO, 20 HIOHSI 1933 ro,[{a, B JloH.[{OHe y BOKJana
BHKTOpl:ISI SI np1:1cyTCTBOBaJ1 npl:I B'be3,[{e B CTOJlHI..\Y KOpOJlSI
<l>eucana. 3To 6bmo nhIUIHoe 3pen1:1me, O.[{HO 1:13 caMhIX
IlblllIHbIX, KaKHe MHe KOr,[{a-n1:160 npl:IXO,[{HJ10Cb BH,[{eTb. c
Tex nop KaK HeT ,[{BopoB B fleTep6ypre, B BeHe, B Ma.[{-
p1:1.[{e, no.[{o6Hhie 3pen1:1ma, no)l(anyu, TOJlhKO B AHrn1:1H 1:1
YBH,[{Hlllb. Ha napa,[{ax rHTnepa, CTaJlHHa, MycCOJll:IHH H
BOHCK, H ny6nHKH 60J1bllle, qeM npH Bbie3,[{e KOpOJlSI reo-
pra V. CoBpeMeHHb1e ,[{HKTaTopb1, oqeHb on'b1THb1e r1:1n-
HOTH3eph1, B3SIJ1H H3 CTaporo QepeMOHHana Bee, qTo MOr-
Jll:I. Ho BblllIJlH OHH 1:13 HH30B H OT MHOroro ,[{0Jl)l(Hbl 6bIJ1H
OTKa3aTbCSI, qT06b1 He CTaTb CMeUIHhIMH. B.[{o6aBOK Ka)l(-
,[{Oe IlOSIBnemi:e 3THX JlIO,[{eH - roBOPSIII..\HH ci>HJlhM: OHH
Be,[{h noqT1:1 Bcer,[{a «BhICTynaIOT c peqaMH» - cnaBa Bory,
HayKa ,[{O,[{yManach ,[{0 rpOMKOrOBOpHTeJleH,- BbICTY-
naIOT «nepe,[{ 50-ThICSlqHoH TOJlilOH», «nepe,[{ 200-ThICSlq-
HOH Tonnou», «nepe.[{ 500-ThICSlqHou Tonnou». BnonHe
Bep10, qTo B EepnHHe, B )l(apy, 500 OOO qenoBeK 0TnpaB1:1-
J1HCh Ha a3p0.[{p0M IlOCJlyUiaTb QeHHhie MbICJlH re66eJ1bCa.
Ho KaK 6b1 3HaqHTeJ1hHhI 3TH Mh1cn1:1 HH 6bm1:1, no,[{HSITh
1:1x ,[{O ypoBHSI QepeMOH1:1ana TPY.[{HO.
flpoQeCCHSI, KOTOpyIO SI BH,[{eJl B JlOH,[{OHe, - cl>HnhM
HeMOH 1:1, 6h1Tb MO)l(eT, Il03TOMY ropa3,[{0 6onee 3cl>cl>eKT-
HblH. BhlcTpo1:1B11mecS1 B,[{OJlh ynHQhI rnraHThI B KpacHbIX
MYH.[{Hpax, B BhICOKHX MeXOBhIX UianKax no c1:1rHany oKa-
MeHenH. fly6n1:1Ka Monqa CHS1na UIJ1S1nh1. Ha yn1:1Qy H3-3a
yrna Me,[{JleHHO Bhiexan OTpSI,[{ KOHHOH rnap,[{HH. 3a HHM
cne.[{oBano nS1Th 30J10ThIX OTKpbIThIX KOJlSICOK. B nepBOH
H3 HHX, 3anpS1)1(eHHOH UiecTepKOH BeJll:IKOJleilHbIX JlOUia-
,[{eH, c cl>opeHTOpaMH Ha JlOUia,[{SIX, c naKeSIMH Ha 3anS1TKax
cnpaBa oT reopra V c1:1.[{en Koponh <l>eucan B 6enoM
MYH.[{Hpe, B KacKe c nepoM.
51 Mor cne,[{HTb Ja KOJlSICKOH B TeqeHl:le ,[{Byx-Tpex MH-
HYT. 3a 3TO BpeMSI KOpOJll:I He o6MeHSIJ1HCb HH 0,[{HHM CJl0-

537
 BOM. MOJI'IaJUI M CM.UeBnme IIpOTMB HMX B TOH JI<e KOJISICI<e
npMHU:hI. MoJiqaJIM M JilO.UM B pa330JioqeHHhIX MYH.UMpax,
cJie.UoBaBnme B .upyrMx I<OJISICI<ax. KpacHhre rMraHThI orry-
CTMJIM PYJI<hSI, nporneJI BeJIMKOJieIIHhIH KOHBOH - M Bee
cI<phIJIOCh 3a yrnoM Wilton-Road.
Ha cJie.uy10rn:M:H .ueHh ra3eThI coo6rn:MJIM, qTo B qecTh
BOCTOqHoro rOCTSI B oyKMHreMCKOM .UBOpU:e COCTOSIJICSI
rrapa.UHhIH o6e.u Ha 130 qeJioBeK. <l>eiieaJI eM.ueJI MeJI<.UY
KOpoJieM M KOpOJieBOH. He 3Hal0, MHOro JIM OHM pa3-
roBapMBaJJM. E.uBa JJM «.upyJI<eeI<aSI 6eee.ua 3aTSIHyJiaeb
.uaJieKO 3a IIOJIHOqh»: 0.[(Ha M3 ra3eT OTMeTMJJa, qTo roeTh
y.uaJJMJJesi B eBoM anapTaMeHThI oqeHh paHo. He 3Ha10
TaKJI<e, e.n;eJiaJI JIM OH qeeTb o6e.uy. MeHlO, enMeOK BMH e
MX ro.uaMM 3aHMMaJIM B ra3eTax .n:o6pbIX .n;Ba.uu:aTb eTpOK.
06brqHhIH o6e.n: <l>e:HeaJia (no I<paiiHe:H Mepe, Ha BOHHe):
.n:eeSITOK cpMHMKOB, JierrernI<M H3 MYI<H H noJJ6yThIJIKH Jie.n;si-
HOH BO.Ubl.
«B 6oJihllIOM, sipI<o oeBern:eHHOM 3aJie BopoHU:OBhIX
HrpaJia eI<pbITaSI B 3HMHeM ea.n:y MY3hII<a. MoJIO.Ubie M He
COBeeM MOJIO.Uble JI<eHW:MHbl B o.n;eJI<.n;ax, o6HaJI<aBllIHX H
rneM, M pyI<H, H rpy.n;H, I<PYJI<HJIMeb B o61>SITHSIX MyJI<qHH B
sipI<HX MYH.UMpax. Y rophr 6ycpern JJaI<eM B I<paeHbIX cppaI<ax,
qyJII<ax M 6arnMaI<ax pa3JIMBaJIH rnaMnaHeI<oe H o6HoeHJIH
KOHcpeTbl .n;aMaM. )l(eHa «eap.n:apa» TOJI<e, HeeMOTpSI Ha
eBOH HeMOJIO.Ubie ro.n;a, TaI<JI<e IIOJiyo6HaJI<eHHaSI, XO.ZJ;HJia
MeJI<.n;y roeTSIMH, npHBeTJJMBO yJihr6asieb, H eI<a3aJia qepe3
nepeBo.n;qMI<a HeeI<OJihKO JiaeI<OBhrx eJIOB Xa.n;JI<H-MypaTy,
e TeM JI<e paBHo.n;yrnHeM, I<aI< Bqepa B TeaTpe, orJISI.UhIBaB-
rneMy roeTeii. 3a xo3SIHI<OH rro.n;xo.n;HJJH I< Xa.n;JI<M-MypaTy
H .n;pyrHe o6HaJI<eHHhie JI<eHW:HHbI, H Bee, He eThl.ZJ;Sieh, eTOSl-
JIH rrepe.u HHM H, YJihr6aSieh, enpallIHBaJIH Bee O.ZJ;HO H TO
JI<e: I<aI< eMy HpaBHTeSI To, qTo OH BH.UMT. CaM BopoHu;oB,
B 30JIOTbIX :moJieTax H aI<eeJih6aHTax, e 6eJihIM I<peeTOM
Ha rnee M JieHTOH, rro.n;orneJI I< HeMy H errpoeHJI TO JI<e eaMoe,
oqeBH.UHO, yBepeHHbIH, KaK H Bee errpallIHBalOrn:He, qTo
Xa.n;JI<M-MypaTy He MOrJio He HpaBHTbeSI Bee, qTo OH BH.ZJ;MT.
I1 Xa.n;JI<M-MypaT OTBeqaJI BopoHu;oBy TO, qTo OH OTBeqaJI
M BeeM: qTo y HHX :noro HeT, He BbieI<a3bIBaSI Toro, qTo
xoporno MJIM .n;ypHo TO, qTo :noro HeT y HMX. Kor.n;a
rrpo6HJIO o.n;HHHa.n;u;aTh qaeoB, Xa.n;JI<H-MypaT enpoeHJI
JlopHc-MeJIHKOBa, MOJI<HO JIM yexaTh. JlopHe-MeJIHKOB
eI<a3aJJ, qTo MOJI<HO, HO qTo 6bIJIO 6bI Jiyqrne oeTaTheSI.
HeeMoTpsi Ha 3TO, Xa.n;JI<H-MypaT He oeTaJieSI, a yexaJI Ha
.n;aHHOM B ero paerropSIJI<eHMe cpa3TOHe B OTBe.n;eHHYlO eMy
I<BapTMpy». (JI. H. ToJieToii. «Xa.n;JI<H-Mypan>.)
538
 .LJ:a, 3TOT BOCTO'IHblH MOHapx B eBporreHCKOM MYH.UHpe,
c YMHhIM H Bhrpa3HTeJihHhIM nm.i;oM, c B3rmr.uoM BhICOKO-
MepHhIM lf paBHO.UYillHbIM, rrpHHa,UJie)l(aJI, BepO.SITHO, K
qncny rrocne.uHnx Xa.u)l(n-MypaTOB ncTopnn. Koponh
<l>eiican 6hm Bhr.ua10mniicS1 qenoBeK. Benn He no xapaK-
Tepy, To no BhrnaBilleii eMy ponn OH ropa3.UO 3Ha'IHTeJih-
Heii Xa.u)l(n-MypaTa. Cy.uh6a oqeHh cTpaHHo Bhr6pocnna
3TY KapTy B TOH orpOMHOH nrpe, KOTOpaSI 3aBSl3bIBanach
B Mnpe B aBrycTe 1914 ro.ua. Benn 6hl He nrpa 3Ta, TO 6hm
6bl 6e3 BCSIKOH 6norpaqmn MJia.UllJHH CblH BJia,UeTeJibHOro
MeKKCKOrO KHSl3bKa - lf y)I(, KOHe'IHO, KOpOJib reopr V
He Bhie3)1(aJI 6bI K HeMy HaBCTpeqy Ha BOK3aJI co CBOHMH
.UBYMSI CblHOBbSIMH, 1IYTb JIM He co BCeM aHrJIHHCKHM
.UBOpoM. Bo3MO)l(HO, npaB.ua, 'ITO n yMep 6h1 Tor.ua <l>eii-
can B MeHee 3ara.uo'IHOM o6cTaHOBKe ...
B.uo6aBoK cnyqatl:Hoe o6cTO.SITeJihCTBo: c «nocne.UHHM
Xa.u)l(n-MypaTOM» )l(lf3Hh cBena e.uBa JIM He rrocne.uaero
eBponetl:cKoro Eatl:poHa.

II.
<l>etl:can pO.UHJICSI B 1883 ro.uy B O.UHOH lf3 .UOBOJibHO
MHOrO'IHCJieHHbIX, Ka)l(eTCSI, BOCTO'IHbIX ceMeM, Be.uymnx
CBOM po.u OT MaroMeTa. OH rroTOMOK, B 36-M noKoneHHH,
,n;oqepn npopoKa <l>aTHMhI. 0Teu, <l>etl:cana, Xycetl:H, 6hm
KHS13eM B re.u)l(aCe lf He llOJib30BaJICSI CHMilaTHSIMH A6.uyn-
XaMH.Ua. Ilo 3TOM JIM npH'IHHe (3aJIO)l(HlfKH Mornn npnro-
.UHThCSI), HJIH )l(e npocTO llOTOMy, 'ITO TaKOBa 6bIJia MO.Ua
B BbICilleM apa6cKOM o6mecTBe, <l>etl:can co CTaplllHMH
6paTbSIMH 6hlJI B paHHeM .ueTCTBe nepeBe3eH B Typeu,KyIO
CTOJIHIJ,y.
KoHCTaHTHHorronh cynTaHa A6.uyn-XaMn,n;a Mor cny-
)l(lfTh He.uypHOH IlOJIHTH'IeCKOH IllKOJIOH .UJISI rocy.uapCT-
BeHHOro ,n;eS1TeJIS1 Ramero cqacTJIHBoro BpeMeHH. Ho 3TO
6hlJI, TaK CKa3aTh, rrpnroTOBHTeJihHhIH KJiacc. «JlIO.UH He
CMeJIH .uyMaTb lf rOBOpHTb CB060.UHO, - B CBOe BpeMSI
cypoBO nncan HeMeIJ,KHH HCTOpHK. - IIlnHOHbl KpOBaBoro
cynTaHa TLUaTeJibHO cne,n;HJIH 3a BCeM, 'ITO .uenaJIOCb Ha
ynnu,e, B IllKonax, B ceMhSIX. CoTHSIMH H ThICSI'IaMn TOMH-
nnch B TIOpbMax, CChlJiaJIHCb B OT.UaJieHHhie, He3.UOpOBhie
o6nacTn nnn ncKann n Haxo.unntt y6e)l(HI.Ue B ropax Ma-
Ke.UOHHH n <l>paKHH HHopo,n;u,hl n KopeHHhie TYPKH, BHHOB-
Hhie TOJibKO B TOM, 'ITO HX o6pa3 MbICJIH He COBna.uan c
npe.unttcaHHSIMH 11Jih.UH3-KHOCKa» ...
539
 B caMoM AeJie, M noAyMaTh cTpanrno! Hey)l(eJIM ue•ITo
nOA06Hoe AeHCTBMTeJihHO MOrJIO npoMCXOAMTh KOrAa-JIM-
60 B MMpe? He 3HaI-O, rAe Teneph HaXOAMTCR rp03HhIH
MCTOpMK, o6JIMqMTeJih A6AyJI-XaMMAa. Mo)l(eT 6hITh, Mc-
KaJI M uarneJI y6e)l(MI.Qe - ue B ropax MaKeAOHMM M
<l>paKMM, a no6JIM)l(e K HaM - M Teneph B Cafe Colysee
o6cy)l(AaeT Bonpoc, AOnycTMMO JIM 60HKOTMpOBaTh rMT-
JiepOBCKOe nMBO, BeAh :no 6beT M no MHTepecaM HapoAa?
Ho He nopyqych, MO)l(eT, M COTPYAHMqaeT B «nopaBHeH-
HOM» «Berliner Tageblatt», - )l(MTh BCe-TaKM HaAO, a BeAh
KpaHHOCTM co BpeMeHeM erJiaARTCR.
IlOBTOpRI-0, TO 6hIJI npMrOTOBMTeJihHhIH KJiacc HCTO-
pHM, no HaMBHOCTH He OQeHMBllIMH yqMTeJIR-npOBMAQa.
BeAh, uanpMMep, no cpaBHeHmo c a6AyJI-xaMMAaMM :u
a6AyJI-xaMMAMKaMM CCCP, «KpacHhIH cyJITaH>> 6hm
KYJihTYPHhIH JIM6epaJI M noqTeHHhIH ryMaHMCT. Ou, KOHeq-
Ho, caM ue npeABMAeJI, qTo ero MeTOAhI npaBJieHHR 3a-
BOI-OI-OT MMp, Aa eLQe BA06aBOK 6yAyT Bhl3hIBaTh oco6eH-
HhIH BOCTopr MMeHHO B Tex Kpyrax 3anaAa, rAe ero
((KJieHMMJIM». KaKOB 6yAeT CTapllIMH KJiacc, Mhl, KOHequo,
He 3HaeM. TaJiaHTJIMBhIH cl>paHQY3CKMH n:ucaTeJih HeAaBHO
cKa3aJI: «Hh!HernHMe npaBMTeJIM EBponhI, 3TO eLQe HMqero!
A BOT 6yAeT BpeMR, KOrAa MhI no)l(aJieeM M o JiornaAM
KaJIMryJihI!..»
.H BMAeJI KOrAa-TO M xoporno noMHl-0 11JihAM3-KMOCK,
CTOJih HenOXO)l(MH Ha ApyrMe ABOpQhI MMpa. IlOMHl-0 ca-
Ahl, pa36pocaHHhie no HMM AOMMKM caMoro cyJITaHa, ero
AeTeH, ero TpexcoT HaJIO)l(HHQ M qeThipex noJiy3aKOHHhIX
)l(eH (OH cl>opMaJihHO HMKOrAa )l(eHaT He 6bIJI - no cyJI-
TaHCKOH TpaAMQMM M noToMy, qTo He JII-06MJI o6pRAa
BeHqaHMR). Ilo 3TMM CaAaM, RpKO OCBeLQeHHhIM H uoqhl-0,
6poAMJI AOJirHMM qacaMM, B conpOBO)l(AeHHH Xaccaua-
narnM, eAMHCTBeHHOrO qeJIOBeKa, KOTOpOMY OH BepMJI 3a
BCl-0 CBOl-0 )l(M3Hh, 3eMJIMCT0-6JieAHhIH, HenOCTM)l(MMO xy-
AOH qeJioBeK B cl>ecKe, MMeHoBaBrnMHCR B TypQMM: «l(aph
Qapeli», «TeHh AJIJiaxa», «BepllIMTeJih cyAe6», «BJiaAhIKa
3eMeJih M Mopeli», a ua 3anaAe - «KpacHhIH cyJITaH>>,
«BeJIMKMH y6M8Qa», «Great Assassin»• (TaK ero Ha3hIBaJI
rJIMCTOH).
Ilo HaType csoeo6pa3HhIH 3CTeT nepso6hITHOro AY-
llleBHoro CKJiaAa, HHKaKMX MopaJihHhIX nperpaA He «npe-
OAOJieBaBllIMH» - MX y Hero M He 6hlJIO, - xaJIMcl> npaBO-
BepHhIX, eABa JIM oqeuh BepMBllIMH B cyLQeCTBOBaHMe AJI-

' BeJIHKHii naeMHLlif y6Hiiua ( anzA.).

540
 naxa, BJiaCTemrn HH MHJIOCThlO Eoxmeli, HH BOJieH Hapo.ri;-
HOH, BJiaCTOJII06eQ IIO IICHXOcpH3HOJIOrHH, 6e3 KaKHX 6bI
TO HH 6bIJIO H)J;eH 0 CMbICJie, QeJIH H orrpas.ri;aHHH BJiaCTH,
IIO)J;JIHHHbIH MyqeHHK BJiaCTOJII06m1 (KaK MHOrHe rocy.ri;ap-
CTBeHHhie n10.ri;u), A6.ri;yn-XaMH.ri; Ja .ri;soliHoli orpa.ri;oli
CBOero CTpaHHOro )J;BOpQa, rro.ri; oxpaHOH ceMH ThICHq
CbILQHKOB " TeJioxpaHHTeJieH BeJI HCTHHHO co6aqhIO
)l(H3Hb, OT KOTOpOH, 6bITh MO)l(eT' c6e)l(aJI 6hI Ha TpeTHH
.ri;eHb JII06oli rrpOCTOH qeJIOBeK. IlHTaJICH HeCJIO)l(HhIMH
6n10.ri;aMH, .ri;ocTaBJIHBIIIHMHCH eMy c KYXHH B 3arreqaTaH-
HOM BH.ri;e c rapaHTHeH KH3JIHp-arH rrpOTHB OTpaBhI, XO)J;HJI
B rapeM B corrpOBO)l(,ll;eHHH BOopy)l(eHHOH CTpa)l(H, .ri;a eLQe
rrpH ce6e HOCHJI TPH peBOJihBepa - OH e)l(e)J;HeBHO yrrpa-
)l(HHJICH B CTpeJih6e " yMeJI c 25 IIIaroB BbIIIHChIBaTh
IIYJIHMH Ha ,ll;OCKe CBOe HMH. ru.z:i; IIOKa3hIBaJI MHe KpeCJIO,
B KOTOpOM A6.ri;yn-XaMH)J; crran HOqhIO, - IIOCTeJieH He
rrpH3HaBaJI: OHM HaIIOMHHaJIH eMy CMepTHOe JIO:>I<'.e. I1oKa-
3hIBaJI rH.ri; H CTOJIHK, Ha KOTOpOM IIO)J;IIHChIBaJIHCh CTpaH-
Hble rrpurOBOphI: 6oro60H3HeHHbIH rra.ri;HIIIax HHKor.ri;a He
rrpurosapuBaJI HHKOro K cM:epTH - OH IIHCaJI Ha JIHCTKe
6yMarn KaK 6hI B cpopMe 6ece.ri;bl c caMHM co6oli: «MHe
6hIJIO 6hl rrpHHTHO, ecnu 6hl TaKOH-TO He cyLQeCTBOBaJI Ha
3eMne» ... ohIJIH 1110.ri;u, oqeBHJJ:HO, C'IHTaBIIIHe ce6H o6H-
3aHHhlMH .z:i:ocTaBJIHTh B rro.z:i:o6HhIX cny'IaHx y.z:i:oBOJihCTBHe
rra.z:i:uIIIaxy. TaK rosopun ru.z:i:, 3TO MO)l(HO rrpo'IecTh u B
o6nu'IHTeJihHOH JIHTepaType. Ho, MO)l(eT 6bITh, H rHJJ:, H
o6JIH'IHTeJihHaH JIHTepaTypa rrpusupanu.
A6.z:i:y11-XaMHJJ: He 6hIJI y'IeHhIM 'IeJioBeKOM. OH, Ha-
rrpHMep, .[{0 IIOCJie.[{HHX .[{HeH csoero QapCTBOBaHHH He
pa3peIIIaJI ycTpolicTBa TenecpoHa B KoHCTaHTHHorrone,
TaK KaK 60HJICH, 'ITO ero MoryT y6HTh IIO TeJiecpoHy. 0.[{HH
MOH .z:i:o6pblH 3HaKOMhIH, " ceil:'IaC COCTOHLQHH Ha cJiy)l(6e
y chrna «KpacHoro cynTaHa», rosopHJI MHe, 'ITO OT A6.z:i:yn-
XaMu.z:i:a OCTaJIHCb KHHrH H HOTbl (B TOM 'IHCJie «AHHa
KapeHuHa» u rrapTHTypa «Ca.z:i:Ko») c ero MHOrO'IHCJieH-
HhlMH 3aMeTKaMu Ha IIOJIHX. EuorpacpbI, o.z:i:HaKo, yTsep)l(-
.z:i:a10T, 'ITO rra.[{HIIIax JII06HJI CJiyIIIaTb TOJibKO «TpaBHaTy»
" «Tpy6a.z:i:ypa»; 'IHTaJI )l(e JIHIIIh cppaHQY3CKHe yroJIOBHbie
poMaHbI, .z:i:a eLQe «rocy.z:i:apH» MaKHasennH - c 3TOH
KHHroil: 6y.LJ:TO 6bl He paccTaBaJICH, BH.[{H B Heil: rrepsoe "
rroc11e.z:i:Hee cnoso rroJIHTH'IecKoil: MYJJ:POCTH. BepoHTHO,
co6crneHHaH ero MYJJ:POCTh Mano OTJIH'Ianacb OT Ma-
KHasen11esoil:. B rronHTHKe 6eccTpacTHe A6.z:i:yn-XaMHJJ:a
HapyIIIaJIOCb 0.[{HOH ero cpH3HOJIOrH'IeCKOH HeHaBHCTblO K
apMHHaM, HaIIOMHHaIOLQeH HeHaBHCTb ruTJiepa K espeHM

541
 (M B MeHhIIIeH CTerreHM K CJiaBHHCKMM Hapo~aM). qTO
CTaphIH MM3aHTporr B CBeTe CBOero 60JihIIIOro OIIhITa
~yMaJI o )KM3HM Boo6me, e~Ba JIM M3BeCTHO ~a)Ke ero
~eTRM, coxpaHMBIIIMM o HeM 6naroroBeiiHyIO rraMRTh. OH
MHor~a rroy11an nonMTMKe MHoro11McneHHh1x MycynhMaH-
CKMX npMHIJ,eB, KOTOphie BOCnMThIBaJIMCh B KoHCTaHTMHO-
none M TaK MJIM MHa'Ie rrpMXO~MJIM B corrpMKOCHOBeHMe c
11nh~M3-KMocKOM. O~HaKo He BepMn HMKOMY M3 HMx, xoTh
HeKOTOpbie M paccKa3hIBaJIM, 6y~TO COCTOHT y Hero Ha
oco6o TaHHOH CJiy)K6e: :HMM OHM OTBJieKaJIM OT ce6R
no~03peHMH nOJIMIJ,MM M KM3JIHp-arM. IlpM6JIM3MTeJihHO no
TaKMM )Ke coo6pa)KeHMHM qexOBCKMH lJMHOBHHK, )KeJiaH
OT6MTh y MOJIO~hIX JIIO~eH OXOTY yxa)KMBaTh 3a ero )Ke-
HOH, pacnycKaJI CJIYXM, 'ITO OHa Haxo~MTCH B CBH3M c
noJIMIJ,eHMeiicTepoM.
He noJih30BaJicR 6narocKJIOHHOCThIO cynTaHa M <l>eM:-
caJI. 0 ero IOHhIX ro~ax H, K CO)KaJieHMIO, HMr~e He MOr
HaHTM HHKaKMX yKa3aHMH. 3HaIO TOJihKO, 'ITO OH paHO
c6JIM3MJICH c MJia~oTypKaMM M BOIIJeJI B Kpyr BparoB
A6~yn-XaMM~a. Ilo OKOH'IaHMH o6pa3oBaHHH OH OT6hlJI
BOHHCKYIO CJiy)K6y B Typeu,KOH apMHH, r~e Il03~Hee, O'Ie-
BH~HO no rrpaBy pO)K~eHHH, noJiy'IHJI reHepaJihCKHH 'IHH, a
3aTeM oTnpaBHJICR K ce6e B ApaBMIO. TaM, KaK Bcer~a,
KaKHe-To rrneMeHa BeJIH KaKyIO-TO BOHHY Ja KaKyIO-TO
rereMOHMIO. CTapHK XyceM:H Haxo~HJI, 'ITO HeT ny11rnei1
IIIKOJihI ~JIR MOJIO~hIX JIIO~eM:, 11eM BOHHa. OH M rrochman
Ty~a CBOHX ChIHOBeH - 3aKaJIHThCH. <l>eM:can ~onro BOe-
BaJI c 11ecThIO. BoM:Ha 6hma He TpaHrneM:HaR, He apTHJI-
nepHHCKaR, He raJoBaR, - caMaR HacToRmaR cTapaR BOH-
Ha, TaKaH )Ke, KaK Te, 'ITO 6hlBaJIH ThICR'IY H ~Be ThICR'IH
neT TOMY Ha3a~.
3aTeM B Typu,HH rrpo113ornna peBOJIIOU.HR. He ~enaR
COIJ,MOJIOrH'IeCKOrO OTKphlTHH, MO)KHO rrpH3HaTh, 'ITO Ka)K-
a
~hIH rocy~apcTBeHHhIH CTpOH la longue• coo6maeT CBOM
CBOHCTBa TeM rpynnaM, KOTOphle Be~yT c HHM 6oph6y.
3HBep, TaJiaaT, .D:)KeMaJih, - JIIO~H, rrpaBHBIIIHe Typu,Hei1
~o rrpHxo~a K BnacTH ee HhrnernHero IleTpa BeJIHKoro, -
BnOCJie~CTBHH ~OCTaTO'IHO HarJIH~HO IIOKa3aJIH, 'ITO OHH
Koe-11eMy Hay11HJIHCh y A6~yn-XaMH~a. Ho, BO BCRKOM
cJiy11ae, rrepe~ HhIHernHHMH HeMeu,KMMH rocTRMH Cafe
Colysee - ~a H nepe~ HaMH - 3TM cBoeo6pa3Hhie JIH6e-
panh1 HMeIOT HCTOpH1IeCKOe rrpeHMymecTBO: OHH KaK-HH-
KaK cBoero A6~yn-XaMH~a cBeprnH. B Typu,HH Ha11anach

0
8 KOHQe KOHUOB ({fip.).

542
:moxa napnaMeHTapM3Ma. <l>eiican, 6JIM3KMH K 3Haepy,
6bIJI M36paH B napnaMeHT M CTaJI JIM.ll.epoM cppaKU:MM,
Tpe6oaaarneii .ll.JIR ApaBMM roMpynR·. B npHMeHeHHH K
HeMy 3TM yqeHbie 3ana.ll.Hble CJIOBa - JIH.ll.ep, cppaKU:MR,
roMpynh - 3ayqaT .ll.OBOJibHO Ja6aBHO. Ey.ll.ymttii MpaKc-
KMii KOpOJib - B TeCHOM M CMMBOJIMqecKOM CMbICJie CJIO-
Ba - nepecen npRMO c aep6JIIO.ll.a Ha a3ponnaH.

III.
fIRTbJO ro.ll.aMM no3.ll.Hee 6y.nymero KoponR <l>eiicana B
.ll.pyroii qacTM caeTa, B oqeHb Henoxo)l(eii Ha ApaBMJO
cTpaHe, B ManeHhKOM ropo.ll.Ke TpeMa.ll.OKe, B ceMhe aHr-
JIMHCKoro .ll.BOpRHMHa pO.ll.MJICR qenoaeK, KOTopoMy B coqe-
TaHMM c <l>eiicaJIOM y)l(e .lJ.OBeJIOCb Ha.ll.eJiaTb HeMaJIO rnyMa
Ha CBeTe M, HaBepHoe, eme .ll.OBe.ll.eTCR 6e3 nOKOHHOro
MpaKcKoro KOpOJIR. Ha3bIBaJICR OH no-pa3HOMy. Eonee
acero OH H3BeCTeH nO.ll. HaCTORil(MM MMeHeM JioypeHca.
Ho nOTOM noqeMy-To OT 3Toro MMeHM OH OTKa3aJICR M
cTan Ha3hrnaTb ce6R PoccoM. Tenepb ero oqrnu:MaJibHOe
nacnopTHoe HMR - Illoy. AHrnMqaHe Ha3bIBaJOT ero
«apa6oM JloypeHCOM», a apa6bI - «KHR3eM .lJ.MHaMHTa»,
M «MMpOBbIM ,[:t;hRBOJIOM». TaK - ecnM aepMTb ero farn-
rpacpaM. 3To Heo6R3aTeJibHO.
He cKpbrnaJO, HeKoTopoe He.ll.OBepMe npe.ll.CTaBJIReTcR
MHe .ll.OnycTMMbIM B OTHOllleHMM cnyxoB H paccKa30B 0
qeJIOBeKe, y KOTOporo CTOJib MHOroqHcJieHHbie M, rnaBHOe,
CTOJib 3cpcpeKTHhie MMeHa. Beeb 3TOT CTHJib «apa6a Jlo-
ypeHca» OT.lJ.aeT poMaHTMKoii rpacpa CeH-)l(epMeHa MJIM
6onee no3.ll.Hero Dolokhoff le Persan··. 51 He yaepeH, qrn
noJIKOBHMK JloypeHc .ll.O TaKoii cTeneHM apa6. AHrJIMqaHe,
npaB.ll.a, yTaep)l(.lJ.aJOT, qTo OH roaopMT no-apa6cKM B co-
aeprneHCTBe H .lJ.a)l(e 3HaeT ace .ll.ManeKTbI 3Toro R3bIKa, -
Ka)l(.lJ.Oe nneMR cqMTaeT ero CBOMM; B.lJ.06aBOK OH HayqMJICR
apa6CKOMY R3bIKY no cnyxy: B yqe6HMKM HMKOr.ll.a He
JarJIR.lJ.hIBaJI M a36yKM He 3HaeT. TaK yTaep)l(.lJ.aIOT aHrJIM-
qaHe. lfro roaopRT 06 3TOM apa6bl, MHe HeM3BeCTHO. 51 3a
BCJO )[(M3Hb He BM.lJ.aJI aHrJIMqaHMHa, KOTOpbIH HayqMJICR
6b1 - no cnyxy MJIM He no cnyxy - B coaeprneHCTBe
roaopHTh no-cppaHU:Y3CKM. Ho B03MO)[(HO, qTo OBJia.lJ.eTh B

• OT aurn. Home Rule - caMoynpaeneuue. - llpuM. peiJ.

•• Ilepca ,L{onoxoea ( rftp.).

543
 eoBepmeHeTBe apa6eKHM H3hIKOM aHrJIH'laHHHY Jier11e.
Tpy,nttee ,norryeTHTh, 'ITO 6e,nyHHhI TaK-TaKH e'IHTaJOT
JloypeHea eBOHM 11eJI0BeKoM. Bee paBHo, KaK e.n:Ba JIH H
KOpOJih reopr V e'IHTaJI eBOHM 'leJIOBeKOM 6e,nyHHa <l>eif-
eaJia, XOTh TOT HMeJI KopoJieBeKHM THTYJI H HOeHJI eB-
porreiieKHM BOeHHhIM MYH.D:Hp.
Apa6oM JloypeHe eTaJI He epa3y, a «KHH3eM ,D;HHaMH-
Ta», pa3yMeeTeH, TOJibKO BO BpeMH BOMHbl. 0,nHaKO HeKO-
TopyIO H3BeeTHOeTb B TeeHOM Kpyry OH rrpHo6peJI eme
O'leHb MOJIO,ll;bIM 'leJIOBeKOM. JleT BOeeMHa.n:l\aTH OT po,ny
OH rroeTyIIHJI B Oxe<l>op,neKHM yHHBepeHTeT. Cpe,nH eTy-
.n:eHTOB, KaK BIIOeJie,neTBHH paeeKa3hIBaJI O,ll;HH ero TOBa-
pHIIJ., exopo rrpomeJI eJiyx, 'ITO B KOJIJie,D;)l(e IIOHBHJieH
opHrHHaJI: He xypHT, He rrheT errHpTHhIX HarrHTKOB, He eeT
MHea, He HHTepeeyeTeH erropTOM. 3TO H eaMO 110 ee6e
6hlJIO ,noeTaTO'IHO Heo6b1KHOBeHHo. Eme y.n:uBHTeJibHee
6bIJIO TO, 'ITO JloypeHe He BhIXO.D:HJI K o6e,ny B eTOJIOBYJO
KOJIJie,D;)l(a, HH e KeM He BeTpe'laJieH, ,D;HeM enaJI, no Be'le-
paM B O,ll;HHO'leeTBe 6po,D;HJI no ,D;Bopy' a BeJO HO'lh Hanpo-
JieT 'IHTaJI y11eHhie KHHrH.
3THM OH HarHaJI Ha eBOHX TOBapHmeii eyeBepHbIM
y)l(aC, OT KOToporo He BnOJIHe OT,D;eJiaJIHCh, nO-BH,ll;HMOMy,
H ero HhIHellIHHe 6Horpa<l>bI. Po6epT rpeMBC yTBep)l(.n:aeT'
'ITO JloypeHc npo11eJI B Oxc<l>op.ne BeJO yHHBepeHTeTeKyJO
6H6JIHOTeKy, a HMeHHO nHTh,D;eeHT TbieH'I TOMOB: 'IHTaJI
e)l(e,nHeBHO meeTh KHHr! CnpaBKa TO'IHaH: poBHO meCTh
KHHr peryJIHpHO Ka)l(,D;bIM ,neHb HJIH, BepHee, Ka)l(,D;YJO HO'lh.
IlpaB,na, eqeT KaK 6y,nTO He BhIXO,ll;HT: OH Mor, TaKHM
o6pa3oM, npoqeeTh 3a BpeMH eBoero npe6hIBaHHH B yHH-
BepeHTeTe, BKJIJO'laH Bee npa3,D;HHKH H ,D;a)l(e JIHllIHHM ,neHh
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TaKHe KHHrH, KOTOpbie o6bl'IHO MaJIO HHTepeeywT MOJIO-
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no apxeoJIOfHH.
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544
 maeT). Eme 'IepTOtJ:Ka. JloypeHC nHCaJI rpeHBcy: «Kor-
.r:i;a Bbl noe.r:i;eTe B PeHMC, HHKoro c co6oH He 6epHTe.
CH.r:i;bTe y mecToH xoneHHbl c 3ana.r:i;a B IO)l(HOH tJ:aCTH
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TpHQ>OpHSI» ...
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JloypeHC BnOJIHe 6e306H.r:i;Ho, - OT'lero )Ke He ryJISITb
HO'lblO no oxcQ>op.r:i;cKOMY )J;Bopy H He CH.UeTb y meCTOH
KOJIOHHbl c 3ana.r:i;a B IO)l(HOH qacTH PeHMcxoro co6opa?
BaHpoH, JlepMOHTOB cxaH.r:i;aJIHJIH B Mono.r:i;ocTH ropa3.r:i;o
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JlepMOHTOB B )l(H3HH He TaK y)I( OT JIH'laJICSI OT nopy'IHKa
ConeHoro. Ho OH, xpoMe Toro, 6brn aBTopoM «repoH
Hamero BpeMeHH».
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noxo.r:i;oB Ha cpe.r:i;HeBeKoByIO BOeHHYIO apxHTeKTYPY EB-
ponbI» H noJiytJ:HJI B03MO)l(HOCTb c'he3.r:i;HTb Ha BocToK, B
CHpHIO. TyT-TO c HHM H CJIYtJ:HJIOCb Heo6bIKHOBeHHoe
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BH3HHa 11BaHymxa rOBOpHT OTQY B03Myrn:eHHO: «11JIH
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cxoro ropo.r:i;xa, BocnHThIBaBmHncSI B xopomeu cpe.r:i;Hen
mxoJie H B OxcQ>op.r:i;cxoM YHHBepcHTeTe, no npHpo.r:i;e
caMhlH HaCTOSIJnHH 6e.r:i;yHH, TO HeKOTopoe COMHeHHe 3a-
xpa.r:i;blBaeTCSI H B )J;OBep'IHBYIO .r:i;ymy.
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6bIJia c IOHbIX JieT CBOHCTBeHHa MH3aHTponHSI. l136paH-
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545
6hma H )l(a)l(,n:a npHKmoqeHHM: Eai1:poH B HeM OTJmqHo
y)l(HBaJICR c Mai1:H PH,n:OM. BepORTHO, c ro,n:aMH Bee ::no
npourno 6h1 H OH cTaJI 6b1 MHpHhIM npocpeccopoM 0Kc-
cpop,n:cKoro yHHBepcHTeTa no Kacpe,n:pe cpe,n:HeBeKOBOM ap-
XHTeKTYPhI. Bhmrna, o,n:HaKo, HeO)l(H,n:aHHOCTh.
MHpoBaR BOMHa.

IV.
<l>ei1:caJI c HaqaJia BOHHhI oKa3aJicR B oqeHh 3aTpy.n:-
HHTeJihHOM noJIO)l(eHHH. CTORBIIIHM nepe.n: HHM Bonpoc
Mor HMeTh pa3Hhie cpopMhI. B nopR,n:Ke o6mecrneHHOM
apa6CKHM naTpHOT, BepORTHO, ce6R cnpaIIIHBaJI: roMpyJih
,n:eJIO xopoIIIee, HO He JiyqIIIe JIH npHo6peCTH IlOJIHYFO
He3aBHCHMOCTh? B nopR.n;Ke JIHqHoM :no npHMepHo nepe-
BO.lJ:HJIOCh TaK: He,n:ypHO 6bITh JIH,n:epoM apa6CKOH cppaK-
1.(HH TypeQKoro napJiaMeHTa, HO oTqero )Ke He cTaTh
KopoJieM He3aBHCHMOM ApaBHH? H Ha,n: o6oHMH Bonpoca-
MH, CJIHBaRCh c HHMH, CTORJI TpeTHM - pOKOBOH H MyqH-
TeJihHhIM: KTO no6e,n:HT - repMaHHR HJIH COF03HHKH?
He ,n:JIR o,n:Horo <l>elicaJia H He ,n:JIR o,n:HHX apa6oB
OCHOBHaR IlOJIHTHqecKaR npo6JieMa B TY nopy CTaBHJiaCh
HMeHHO TaKHM o6pa30M. KaKHe TYT 6hIJIH coMHeHHR,
KOJie6aHHR, nepeMeHhl - H TparHqecKHe, H 3a6aBHbie - y
JIFO,n:ei1: 6oJiee H3BeCTHhIX, OilhITHhIX H npHHQHUHaJibHhIX,
qeM MOJIO.ll:OM apa6CKHM BO)l(.lJ:h, - 06 3TOM co BpeMeHeM
paccKa)l(eT TaK Ha3bIBaeMaR «MaJiaR HCTOpHR», 3arJIR.lJ:hl-
BaFOmaR B IlHChMa, B .n;HeBHHKH, B pacxo,n:Hhle KHHrH.
0,n:HH nocTaBHJIH He Ha TY JIOIIIa,n:h H 6eccJiaBHO noTepRJIH
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TOTaJIH3aTope. H HaKoHeQ, TpeThH yra,n:aJIH BepHo. K wx
qucJiy npHHa;:i;Jie)l(aJI <l>ei1:caJI.
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qflcJie eto oTeQ Xycei1:H, qyTh JIH He c nepBhIX ,n:HeM BOMHhI
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ocpHQephI o6pa30BaJIH TaMHOe o6mecTBO, BOIIIeJI B Hero H
<l>ei1:caJI. Ha,n:o JIH roBopHTh, qTo roJioBa ero BHCeJia Ha
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CJie,n:HJIH Bcex yqaCTHHKOB 3ar0Bopa? IlO-BH.ll:HMOMy, MJia-

546
 ,n:oTypKR He CJIRIIIKOM BepRJIR apa6aM Boo6rn;e R <l>eiicany
B 11acTHOCTR. 0Hn oTnpaBnnn ero B ,[(aMacK. TaM xoJ.siii-
Hn11an CaMblH CTpaIIIHhIH, xceCTOKRH R no,n:oJpRTeJihHhlH
HJ MJia,n:oTypoK JHaMeHRThIH ,[(xceMaJih-narna.
Ecnn <l>eiican .n:eiicTBRTeJihHO yMep OT cep.n:e11Ho:H 60-
neJHR, TO, Bepo.sITHO, ero .ll:BYXJieTHee npe6bIBaHRe B ,[(a-
MaCKe 6hIJIO He nocne.n:Heii ee npR'IRHOH. CocTo.si Ha .n:eii-
CTBRTeJihHOH Typeu.KoH cnyxc6e, OH Me'ITaJI 0 CKOpe:HrneM
nopaxceHnn Typu.nn. Haxo.n:.sich no.n: 6.n:nTeJihHhIM Ha6mo-
,n:eHneM ,[(xceMan.si, cTo.sin BO rnaBe BOeHHoro JaroBopa.
Ilo,n:oJpeHn.si npoTRB Hero pocnn Bee rpoJHee. B KoHu.e
1915 ro.n:a TYPKR HaKoHeu. Hanann Ha cne.n: y11acTHRKOB
.n:ena. B ,lJ,aMaeKe Ha11anneh eTparnHhie KaJHR. ,lJ,xceMaJih
no.n: paJHhIMR npe.n:noraMR JaeTaBn.sin <l>e:Heana npn HRX
npneyTeTBoBaTh. Ha rnaJax 6y.n:yrn;ero HpaKeKoro Kopon.si
KaJHRJIH 6nHxcaiiumx ero .n:pyJeii H TOBapHrn;e:H. HH o,n:HH
HJ HHX ero He Bhl,n:an!
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ceiiH TIOCbIJiaJI K ChIHY o,n:Horo TaHHOro areHTa Ja .n:pyrHM
e Tpe6oBaHHeM Ha11aTh .n:eno. <l>eiiean Me,n:nHn: eoIOJHHKH
n0Tepnem1 T.sixcKoe nopaxceirne Ha ,[(ap,n:aHennax, HeMU.hI
Moryrn;eeTBeHHhie, ny11rne no.n:oxc,n:aTh. Mexc.n:y TeM eo-
6naJH 6bIJI O'leHh BeJIRK. Ilo,n: Ha'laJiheTBOM <J>eiieaJia
OKaJanaeb 'IHeTO apa6eKa.sI BOHHeKa.sI 11aeTh. TypKR npe.n:-
nonaraJIH 6poeHTh ee npOTHB aHrJIH'laH Ha Cy3U.KHH KaHan.
<l>eiieany 6hIJIO o6b.sIBJieHo, 'ITO 3HBep H ,[(xceMaJih npne,n:yT
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nuehrnana MM BoenoJihJOBaThe.si: y6uTh o6oux Boxc.n:eii
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3arOBOpll.(RKH HaCTOH'IHBO 3Toro H Tpe6oBaJIH y <l>eiieana.
OHM Bh16panH MeeTo H BpeM.si y6HiieTBa: 3HBep H ,lJ,xceMaJih
.ll:OJIXCHhl 6bIJIH naeTb Ha 6aHKeTe, KOTOpbIH B HX 11eeTb
yeTpaHBaJIO apa6eKoe KOMaH,n:OBaHHe.
<l>eiiean He eornaenne.si Ha npe.n:noxceHHOe eMy .n:eno.
OH roBopun, 'ITO Boxc.n:n Mna,n:oTypoK npue,n:yT K HeMy B
roeTH. HenhJ.sI y6HBaTb roeTeH! KaK xce OH He Xa.n:xcu-
MypaT? OT pnMeKux u.eJapeii .n:o y6niiu. PaenyTHHa, KTO
xce B no.n:o6HhIX eny11a.six e11HTane.s1 c npaBunaMH roeTenpH-
HMCTBa?
OH npHH.sIJI Bee Mepbl. ,[(n.si Jarn;HThl eBOHX BparoB OH
BBeJI B 6aHKeTHhIH JaJI oxpaHy HJ oco6o Ha,n:eXCHbIX JIIO-
.n:eii. Ha eMoTpe, r.n:e apa6eKne TeppopneThI HeoTeTynHo
ene,n:oBaJIH Ja Typeu.KHM rnaBHOKOMaH,n:yIOW:HM, <l>eiiean
547
Il0 1ITH B 6yKBaJihHOM CMbICJie CJIOBa OTBeJI KHH)l(aJI, 3aHe-
ceHHbIH Ha,):{ 3HBepoM. Ilo-BH,L{HMOMy, qTO-TO Me)l(.n:y HH-
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cl(eHe IIIeKcnHp cMernaJIC51 c ,[(ocToeBCKHM. 3HBep H ,[()l(e-
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JIH c HCTHHHO 6e3yMHOH HeOCTOpO)l(HOCThl-0, - 3HBep
6bIJI rnaJibHOH qeJioBeK. Cy.n:h6a 6eperna o6oHx .):{JI51 .n:py-
roil:, He Jiyqrneil: yqacTH. Ilo.n: oxpaHoil: <f>eil:caJIOBhIX areH-
TOB rocTH yexaJIH H3 Jiarep51. Teneph 51CHO 6hlJIO, qTo
Me,L{JIHTb 60JibIIIe HeJib35I; oqeHb CKOpo 3TH CTpaIIIHbie
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no BceM ropo.n:aM HMnepHH, r.n:e y Hero 6bIJIH coo6mHHKH:
HM npe.n:nHCbIBaJIOCb 6e)l(aTh, 6e)l(aTh HeMe,L{JieHHO, no.n:
cTeHbI Me.n:HHhI, x Xyceil:Hy.
BcJie.n: 3a TeM OH no.n:H51JI BoccTamre.

v.
,[(eHbfH Ha BOCCTaHHe apa6oB me.n:po .n:aBaJIH COI-03-
HHKH, B qacTHOCTH aHfJIHqaHe, HJIH, TOqHee, «Intelligence
Service». 0.n:HaKo 6pHTaHCKHe reHepaJibI npHH51JIH H3Be-
CTHe 06 3TOM BOCCTaHHH 6e3 oco6oro 3HTY3Ha3Ma.
IJoqeMy?
He3aqeM H.n:eaJIH3HpoBaTh BOHHY H ee ncHXOJIOrHI-O.
0.n:HaKO He no.n:Jie)l(HT COMHeHHI-0, qTo eCTb BilOJIHe npHH51-
Tbie B IlOJIHTHKe Bell(H, K KOTOpbIM He Jie)l(HT .n:yrna y
BOeHHbIX JII-O,L{eH. CI-O.n:a OTHOCHTC51 H ycTpOHCTBO BOCCTa-
HHH B ThIJIY y npoTHBHHKa. Mhl Teneph 3HaeM, qTo H
JII-O.n:eH.n:op<f> BeChMa HeoxoTHO nponycTHJI B PoccHI-O Jle-
HHHa. Mo)l(eT 6h1Th, no3TOMY H 6pHTaHcKoe KOMaH,D;oBa-
HHe He CJIHIIIKOM BOCTOp)l(eHHO OTHeCJIOCb K BOCCTaHHI-0,
ycTpoeHHOMY Ha .n:eHhrn pa3Be.):{KH. B.n:o6aBoK OHO Haxo-
.):{HJIO, qTo B qHCTO BOeHHOM OTHOIIIeHHH apa6CKOH apMHH
rporn l(eHa, H, Ka)l(eTC51, He oqeHh ornH6aJioch: peryJI51pHhie
Boil:cxa rnepH<f>a Xyceil:Ha cocT051JIH H3 qeTb1pex ThlC5J:q
qeJIOBeK; H3 HHX 600 6bIJIH reHepaJibl, a 1800 - o<f>Hl(epbl
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y IlOJIHTHqecKOH pa3Be,L{KH, HaBepHoe, eCTb CB051 3TH-
Ka, HO OHa .n;aJieKO He BilOJIHe COBna.n:aeT c 3THKOH 6oeBhIX
o<f>Hl(epoB. «Intelligence Service» coBeprneHHO cBo6o.n;Ha
OT npe.n:paccy.n:xoB B Bh16ope cnoco6oB Be.n:eHH51 BOHHhI. B
qacTHOCTH, H pOJib .n:eHer B )l(H3HH H B IlOJIHTHKe OHa
paCI.(eHHBaeT He TOJibKO HHaqe, qeM, HanpHMep, raH,L{H, HO

548
H ue TaK, KaK 11op)l. KHTqeuep. ohIJI, uanpHMep, B uaqa11e
BOMHhI TaKOM c11yqaif. BH)l.HhIM )l.esneJih pa3Be)l.KH coo6-
m;HJI 6pHTaHCKOMY IIITa6y, qTo KOMaH)l.YIOIIJ;HH 0)].HOH H3
uenpH.HTeJibCKHX )l.HBH3HM - qeJIOBeK npo)l.a)l(HbIM H qTO
3THM CJie)l.yeT BOCilOJih30BaTbC.H. I>pHTaHCKOe KOMaH)l.OBa-
HHe pa3)].pa)l(eHHO OTBeprJIO 3TO npe)l.JIO)l(eHHe: «npOTHB-
HHKH aHrJIHMCKOM apMHH no Tpa)l.HIJ,HH cqHTaIOTC.H )l,)l(eHT-
JlhMeHaMH». 3TOT c11yqau MeH.H 3aHHMaeT IlOTOMy, qTo
aBTOpOM yKa3aHHOro npe)l.JIO)l(eHH.H 6bIJI JloypeHC.
«ne)l.yHH» OKa3aJic.H B 1915 ro)l.y areHTOM «Intelligence
Service».

VI.
KaKHM o6pa30M TOHKHH 3CTeT JloypeHc, B1110611eHHhIH
B PeMMCKHH co6op, B KpaCOThl nycThIHH, B COKpOBHm;a
cpe)l.HeBeKOBoro HCKYCCTBa, OKa3aJIC.H areHTOM pa3Be)l.oq-
HOM cJiy)l(6hl? B 3TOT Bonpoc He3aqeM BKna.n.hrnaTh OT-
TeHoK Heo.n.o6peHH.H. BoeHHa.H pa3Be.D.Ka He TO qTo no11H-
THqecKa.H nOJIHIJ,H.H: )].a H K nOJIHTHqecKOH nOJIHIJ,HH Ha
3ana.n.e OTHOIIIeHHe OTHIO.ll.h He TaKoe, KaK 6hIJIO y Hae.
0.n.HaKo He oqeHh .HCHa <IJaKTHqecKa.H cTopoHa .n.e11a. I>Ho-
rpa<IJ JloypeHca rpeiiBc KpaTKO coo6m;aeT, qTO B Haqa11e
BOHHbl MOJIO)].OH apxeo11or )l(eJiaJI 3aqHCJIHThC.H B BOeHHOe
yqHJIHm;e, HO 6bIJI OTBeprHyT H no npoTeKIJ,HH HeKoero
rorapTa nocTynHJI Ha c11y)l(6y B reorpa<IJHqecKHH 0T.n.e11
rnaBHoro rnrn6a, oTKy.n.a cKopo nepeIIIeJI B «Intelligence
Service». Ilo-BH.lJ.HMOMy, 6Horpa<!Ja 3.D.eCh oco6eHHO cMy-
m;aeT c11yx, 6y.n.To B BOeHHOe yqHJIHm;e JloypeHc He nona11
no c11a60CTH TeJIOCJIO)l(eHH.H (OH qeJIOBeK MaJieHhKOro po-
CTa; Bee ero B nopy BOHHbl COCTaBJI.HJI 44 KHJiorpaMMa!).
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BnOJIHe npaB)l.OnO)l.06Ho: He 6hlJI Be)l.h npHH.HT B COJI)].aThl
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Thipe Mec.Hu,a noc11e o6'b.HBJieHH.H BOMHhI Jloypenc, npHKO-
MaH.D.HpoBaHHhIH K «Intelligence Service», cTaHOBHTC.H, B
qHHe KanHTaHa reHepaJihHoro IIITa6a, pyKoBO.lJ.HTeJieM HH-
<!JopMaIJ,HOHHOro OT)].eJia npH 6p1naHCKOM rnaBHOH KBap-
THpe B ErHnTe. 3To He BnOJIHe noH.HTHO. IJoqeMy MHpHhIH
apxeo11or, 6e3 BC.HKoro BoeHHoro o6pa3oBaHH.H B.D.pyr no-
11yqaeT KanHTaHCKHM q11H? IJoqeMy qeJIOBeK, TOJihKO qTo

549
no oco6ou npoTeKQHH nonaBIIIHH B KapTorpaclmqecKHH
OT,l~eJI, BHe3ailHO Ha3Ha'laeTCH Ha pa3Be,n:O'IHblH IlOCT HC-
KJIIO'IHTeJibHOH Ba)l(HOCTH? EecnoJie3HO HcKaTb OTBeT Ha
3TH Bonpocb1: Bee, 'ITO KacaeTc.si: «Intelligence Service»,
ecTeCTBeHHO, OKpy)l(eHO TaHHOH, H HeT OCHOBaHHH BblCTaB-
JIHTb rHnOTe3y, 'ITO JloypeHC HMeJI OTHOIIIeHHe K 6pHTaHC-
KOH KOHTppa3Be,n:xe erne .n:o Ha'laJia BOHHhl.
Co cBOHMH cocJiy)l(HBQaMH B KaHpe OH He noJia,n:HJI -
xapaKTep y Hero HeJierKHH. B.n:o6aBoK 6b1JIO cephe3Hoe
pa3HOrJiaCHe: apa6cKaH opHeHTaQHH Ha'laJibHHKa HH<l>op-
MaQHOHHOro OT,n:eJia. IJO-BH,n:HMOMy, MeCTHOe Ha'laJibCT-
BO O'leHb )l(eJiaJIO OT Hero OT,n:eJiaTbCH. EMy 6blJia ,n:aHa
Tpy,n:Hasi MHCCHH. B KyTe TYPKH oca,n:HJIH aHFJIHHCKYIO
apMHIO reHepaJia TayHrneH,n:a; ee noJIO)l(eHHe C'IHTaJioch
6e3Bb1xo,n:HhlM. Ha'laJihCTBO nopy'IHJIO JloypeHcy nonh1-
TaTbC.si: no.n:xynHTb narny, KOTOpb1ii pyxoBo,n:HJI oca.n:ou.
Po6epT rpeHBC 3aHBJIHeT, 'ITO 6pHTaHCKYIO pa3Be,n:Ky co-
6Jia3HHJI npHMep pyccxoro KOMaH,n:OBaHHH, TOJibKO 'ITO
B3.si:Brnero 3p3epyM npH noMOinH no.n:Kyna. 3To coo6rne-
HHe ,n:eJiaeTCH 6e3 KaKOH 6bl TO HH 6blJIO CCblJIKH Ha
HCTO'IHHK H JIHIIIeHO BCHKOro OCHOBaHHH. 0'1eHb ynpOCTH-
JiaCb 6b1 BOHHa, ecJIH 6h1 MO)l(HO 6hlJIO o.n:ep)l(HBaTb no6e-
,n:h1, no,n:Kyna.si: Bpa)l(eCKHX reHepaJioB: cpe,n:cTBa y Bcex
npaBHTeJihCTB 6h1JIH B TY nopy HeorpaHH'leHHble. Pa3y-
MeeTcsi, He y,n:aJiacb H MHCCHH JloypeHca: reHepaJI TayH-
rnett.n: CKopo c,n:aJICH co BCeH CBOeH apMHeH.
no B03BparneHHH B KaHp JloypeHC, KaK roBOpHT ero
6Horpa<I>, nocTapaJicsi c,n:eJiaTb ce6si coBeprneHHO HeHa-
BHCTHblM COCJIY)l(HBQaM H B 3TOM ycneJI BflOJIHe: «Ha'laJib-
CTBO, KOTOpOMY OH Ha,n:oeJI, peIIIHJIO OT Hero H36aBHTbCSI
BO 'ITO 6bI TO HH CTaJIO». Ero nocJiaJIH c MHCCHeH K
rnepn<l>y XyceuHy - BhISICHHTh Ha MecTe xapaxTep H
rnaHCbl BOCCTaHHH: MO)l(eT 6b!Tb, H B caMOM ,n:eJie BbIH,n:eT
TOJIK.
CbIHOBbH rnepH<l>a, A6,n:yJIJia, AJIH H 3en.n:, pa3yMeeTcsi,
BCTpeTHJIH 6pHTaHCKoro o<l>HQepa KaK .n:opororo rOCTSI.
Ho OHM rOCTIO He noHpaBHJIHCb; BO)l(,n:H cpe.n:H HHX OH He
HaIIIeJI: o,n:HH 6blJI 6oJieH 'laXOTKOH, .n:pyroli - JierKOMblC-
JieHHblH qeJIOBeK, TpeTHH - 19-JieTHHH MaJib'IHK. JloypeHC
CJib1rnaJI, 'ITO y XyceiiHa ecTh erne chm, onblTHhlH BOHH.
Ho OH Haxo,n:HJICH npH cBoeu apMHH, B nycTbme. JloypeHc
pernHJI K HeMy c'he3.n;HTb. EMy ,Z:(aJIH npOBO):(HHKOB. IlyTe-
rnecTBHe ,n:JIHJIOCb HeCKOJibKO ,n:Heli.
r,Z:(e-TO ,Z:(aJieKO, B nyCTblHe, HaXO,Z:(HTCH Ya):(H-Ca<l>pa,
HeKOTOpoe fl0.l(06He oa3HCa: XOJIM, IlOKpblTblH Ca,Z:(aMH, c
550
COTHeH naqyr y 110,[{HO)l(HSI, c MHHHbIM HH3KHM ,ll;OMOM
HaBepxy. Pa6 11po;eo,nHJI aHrJIJIHCKoro rocTH K BO)l(.Z:UO
apa6cKoro narepH. «Bo BHyTpeHHeM ,nBope ,noMa, - nH-
meT JioypeHc, - 11pOTJIB BXO,na, y ,nBepH qepHoro [(BeTa
Heno,nBH)l(HO CTOHJI, 110.nxm.naH MeHH, qeJIOBeK B 6eJIOH
o.ne)l(.ne. C 11epBoro B3rnH.na H 11oqyBcTBOBaJI, qTo Hamen
Toro, Koro HCKaJI B ApaBJIH, HallleJI BO)l(,[{H, KOTOpbIH
11pJ1Be,neT BOCCTaHHe K 6neCTHW:eH 1106e.ne. 3To 6LIJI qeJio-
BeK oqeHb BbICOKOro pocTa, CTpOHHbIH, KaK CTaTyH, oco-
6eHHO TOHKJIH B CBOeM llIHpOKOM meJIKOBOM o,neHHHH.
rna3a ero 6LIJIH 011yrn;eHLI, 6Jie.[{HOe JIJl[(O Ka3aJIOCb 6e3-
)l(H3HeHHOH MaCKOH, - TaK CTpaHeH 6bIJI ee KOHTpacT c
TeM BlletfaTJieHIIeM CllOKOHHOH 3HeprJIH, KOTOpoe JICXO.[{H-
JIO OT BceH: 3Toii He110,nBH)l(HOii qmrypL1. PyKJI ero 6LIJIH
CKpern;eHLI Ha KopoTKOM Metfe. .51 eMy 110KJIOHJ1JICH. OH
11pHrJiaCHJI MeHH BOHTH B KOMHaTy JI cen y ,nBepJI Ha
KOBep» ...
Tiepe.n JioypeHCOM 6LIJI 3MHp <l>eiican.

VII.
JioypeHcy y,naJIOCb HeCKOJibKO llOKOJie6aTb He,noBepJ1e
6pHTaHCKoro mTa6a K apa6cxoMy BOCCTaHHIO. OH 6bIJI
Ha3Ha'leH Ha ,[{OJI)l(HOCTb BOeHHOrO COBeTHHKa llPJI apa6ax,
eMy 6b1JIJ1 oT11yrn;eHb1 .neHbrn, opy)l(He, Bep6mo,nb1. Ko-
MaH,ny10rn;uM BoiicKaMH 6Lrn <l>eiican. JioypeHc )l(e caMo-
CTOHTeJibHO pyKoBo,nHJI 11apTH3aHcKoH BoiiHoii 11poTJ1B
TypOK .
.D:eHTeJibHOCTb ero CBO,[{JIJiaCb rnaBHbIM o6pa30M K
HaneTaM Ha TypeQKJle )l(eJie3Hb1e .noporH. OH 110HBJIHJICH c
apa6CKMM OTpH,nOM TaM, r.ne ero MeHee BCero )l(,ll;aJIH,
B3pbIBaJI MOCTbl JI ycTpaHBaJI KpymeHHe 11oe3,noB, 11apa-
JIH3YH 11epeB03KY BOHCK JI .nocTaBKY rpy3oB. Boil:Ha .nenu-
KaTHOCTbIO He OTJIH'laJiaCb. Tio6e.na llO'ITH HeM3MeHHO
KOHtfanacb pe3Heii JI rpa6e)l(OM. «Apa6 xpa6p, rocTe11pJ1-
HMeH H BepeH, - coo6rn:aeT CTapbIH CJIOBapb, - HO
MCTJITeJibHOCTb JI CKJIOHHOCTb K rpa6e)l(y OMpatiaIOT ero
11peKpacHb1e cBoiicTBa». TIHTOMe[( OKccpop.ncKoro yHJ1Bep-
CMTeTa yMepHJI, Kor.na Mor, CBOIO «apMHIO», o,nHaKO He
BCer.na MOr M He OtfeHb yMepSlJI. Tiocne O.D:HOH M3 CTbitfeK
OH, HallpHMep, 3aHBHJI CBOMM 110.ll:'IMHeHHbIM: «Jly'lllIHH H3
sac TOT, KTO y6LeT HaH6onLmee tIHCJIO TypoK». Ey,neM
c11paBe,nJIHBbI: OH He rn:a,nMJI M ce6Sl, 11pOHBJISlH MCTMHHbIH

551
 repoH3M. TypKH oQenmm «KHSI3SI .n;wnaMMTa» B 20 OOO
c}lyHTOB (co CKM,IJ;KOH B 50 npoQeHTOB, eCJIM OH 6y.n;eT
)J;OCTaBJieH MepTBbIM); paHeH OH 6bIJI B napTH3aHCKMX
6osix Mnoro pa3 •.
CaMbIM xy.n;IIIMM, o.n;HaKo, 6bIJIM ue 6ow, a nepexo.n;b1.
Eme TIToJieMeli .n;eJIMJI ApaBMJO ua «C':IaCTJIMByJO» M «Ily-
CThIHHyro». BoeBaTh JloypeHcy npwxo.n;MJIOCh rJiaBHhIM
o6pa30M B ApaBMM TiycThrnnoH:. Teneph ee caMM apa6h1
30BYT «3eMJieH 0T'laSIHMSI». 0TpSI.n; ueccsi ua Bep6JIJO,IJ;ax c
6eIIIeHOH 6hICTpOTOH, - CJiy'laJIOCb npOXO,IJ;MTb .n;o 200
KMJIOMeTpOB B cyTKM. HaBCTpeqy .n;yJI, 3a6MBaS1 necKoM
HOC, poT' rJia3a, paCKaJieHHbIH BeTep, npeBpamaBIIIMHCSI K
IlOJiy,IJ;HIO B yparaH. y apa60B npHHSITO IlMTb H eCTb BO
BpeMSI nepexo.n;oB TOJibKO pa3 B ,IJ;Ba-TpH )];HSI: TaK 6y.n;To
6h1 Jier'le. 0.n;HaKo uepe.D.KO npHBhI'IHhie JIJO.D.M yMHpaJIM
OT :>KapbI M :>Ka:>K,IJ;bl, - :noH: CMepTH npe)].IIIeCTByeT o6hI'l-
HO ueCKOJibKO qacoB 6pe)1.0Boro yMOilOMeIIIaTeJibCTBa.
0T)1.bIXaJIH B oa311cax, HO H TaM pa)].OCTH 6bIJIO HeMuoro:
oa3HChI :noH: npoKJISITOH EoroM cTpaHhI KHIIIaT SIJ1.0BH-
ThIMH 3MeSIMH. l1M He,[(OCTaTO'IHO )KapKO B nyCThIHe, OHM
ua HO'lh 3a611paIOTCS1 no)]. OJ1.e)KJ1.Y cnS1m11x JIJO.D.eli. HeMa-
JIO cnyTHHKOB JloypeHca norn6Jio OT yKycoB. Apa6h1
3HaJOT TOJibKO 0)1.HH cnoco6 Jie':leHHSI: npHKJia,[(bIBaJOT K
pane KycoK 3MeHHOH KO)KH H 'IHTaIOT Kopan Ha.D. yKyIIIeH-
HhIM - noKa TOT He yMHpaeT.
3Ta a)].cKaSI )KH3Hh npo.n;oJI)KaJiacb )1.Ba ro,[(a. 0 Jloy-
peuce JaroBopHJIH H B KaHpe, H B Jlon,[(one, 11 B Tiapu:)Ke.
<l>panQy3CKoe KOMaH,[(OBaHHe OTHOCHJIOCb K HeMy 6e3
6oJiblIIOH CHMnaTHH. Tio-BH,[(HMOMy, y c}lpam~y30B Bbl3bl-
BaJI ue.n;oBepHe IIITaTCKHH qeJIOBeK, CTaBIIIHH IlOJIKOBHH-
KOM )1.Ba,[(QaTH )1.eBSITH JieT (ecJIH He OIIIH6aIOCb, MapIIIaJI
TieTeH 6hIJI eme IlOJIKOBHHKOM Ha CKJIOHe IIIeCToro .n;eCSIT-
Ka ). 3aTO HOBbIH 6pu:TaHCKHH rnaBHOKOMaH)].yJOII.{HH Ha
BocToKe, reHepaJI AJIJieu6H, OQeHHJI 6JiecTsimu:e pe3yJih-
TaTbI napTHJancKoH )1.esiTeJihHOCTH Jloypeuca. Ha uero
nochmaJIHCh uarpa.n;h1. Op.D.ena on OTKJIOHSIJI, )1.a eme nu:-
caJI npu: :noM uaqaJihCTBY uacMeIIIJIHBhie nHChMa, Ho o
'IHHe IlOJIKOBHHKa caM IlHCbMeHHO XO,[(aTaHCTBOBaJI: co-
CJiaJICSI ua TO, ':ITO, ua':IHHaSI c :noro 'IHHa, 6pHTaHCKHe
oc}lHQepbI MoryT e3)1.HTb 6ecnJiaTHO B KaKOM-TO noe3)1.e, a
eMy :no 6b1JI0 6b1 oqeub KCTaTH. Ha'laJihCTBO He cep-
)1.HJIOCh. KaK KOr.D.a-To B 0Kcc}lop.D.CKOM KOJIJie,[()Ke, B reue-

' He TO .ne&l!Tb pal, KaK coo6111aeT rpeiiec e 29-ii rnaee KHHrH, ue TO 6oJJLwe
.ltBa.nUaTu pal, KaK roeopuT TOT lKe aeTop e rnaee 24-ii.

552
paJibHOM IIITa6e Ha'fam1 eBbIKaTbe.SI e. MhieJihlO: B eTapoe,
6oraTOe Tpa,n:MIJ,H.SIMH yqpe)J(,n:eHHe nonaJI HaeMellIHHK H
opHrHHaJI.

VIII .
.lJ:Ba tfeJIOBeKa eOIIIJIHeh, o6MeH.SIJIHeb MbieJI.SIMH, 3a-
J(JIIO'fHJIH eOl03 .D:JI.SI ,n:eJia, KOTopoe o6a, no pa3HhIM npH-
'fHHaM, e'fHTaJIH eBOHM. y HHX 6hIJIO o6IIJ,ee: yM, xpa6-
poeTh, BOJI.SI. B oeTaJibHOM exo.n:eTBa O'feHb MaJIO.
Bee .n:oeTaTO'fHO noH.SITHO B <l>eileaJie. Apa6eKHil naT-
pHOT, BJiaeTOJII06e1.1, e qepTaMH no,n:JIHHHOrO .n:ymeBHOro
6Jiaropo,n:eTBa, npHpo,n:Hhlil BO)J(.ll:h, HJIH, B nepeBo.n:e Ha
eBponeileKHil noJIHTH'feeKHil .Sl3hIK, .D:HKTaTop, HO .D:HKTa-
TOp oeo6oro 06pa31.1,a. CTaB KopoJieM, OH He Ka3HHJI
eBOHX noJIHTH'feeKHX BparoB H .n:a)J(e He eo3,n:aJI .D:JI.SI HHX
KOH1J,eHTpa1.1,HOHHhIX Jiarepeil, - KaK )J(e He .D:HKapb!
B JloypeHee Bee TaHHeTBeHHO. B OTJIH'fHe OT <l>eileaJia,
Jloypene - nueaTeJih, H nueaTeJih TaJiaHTJIHBhiil. Ho
ey,n:HTh 0 HeM no ero KHHre Tpy,n:Ho: OH B Heil TaK )J(e
3aeTerHyT, KaK B )J(H3HH. Tpy,n:Ho BhI.SieHHTh .n:a)J(e ero
OTHOIIIeHHe K BOilHe, KOTOpa.SI HM onHeaHa. c HeKOTOpbIM
npaBoM MO)J(HO yTBep)J(.n:aTh, 'fTO y JloypeHea K Heil He
O,n:HO OTHOIIIeHHe, a ,n:Ba.
OH HanueaJI ,n:Be KHHrH: «BoeeTaHHe B nyeThIHe» H
«CeMh KOJIOHH My.n:poeTH». K eo)J(aJieHHIO, BTOpoil H3 HHX
.SI He 'fHTaJI, H He no eBoeil BHHe: B Ha1.1,HOHaJihHOi1 6u6JIHO-
TeKe :noil KHHrH HeT, a B npo.n:a)J(e oHa nona.n:aeTe.SI qpe-
3BhI'failHo pe,n:Ko H eTOHT Tbie.SI'f eopoK cppaHKOB! «CeMh
KOJIOHH My,n:poeTH» OTnetfaTaHhI Ha npaBax pyKonueu B
HH'fTO)J(HOM 'fHeJie 3K3eMnJI.sipoB; H3 HHX 6oJibllIHHeTBO
pa3,n:apeHo JloypeHeoM ero .n:py3h.SIM. KHHra 3Ta npu ero
)J(H3HH nepenetfaTaHa He 6y,n:eT, .n:a, Ka)J(eTe.si, ee H HeBo3-
MO)J(HO nepene'faTaTb. fpeilBe, no KpailHeil Mepe, eoo6IIJ,a-
eT' 'fTO ee BbIXO.D: B eBeT Mor 6bI nOBJie'fb 3a eo6oil HeMaJIO
ey.n:e6HhIX npo1.1,eeeoB, u6o B Heil JloypeHe HHKOro He
noIIJ,a,n:HJI H eKa3aJI 060 BeeM BelO npaB,n:y. CKa3aJI BelO
npaB,n:y H o TOM, KaK Be,n:eTe.SI BOilHa. HeKOTOpbie eTpa-
HHIJ,hI KHHrH, no eJIOBaM Toro )J(e fpeilBea, HenOJIHeHhl
6eenpe,n:eJihHoro y)J(aea.
He TaKOBO «BoeeTaHHe B nyeThrne». 3To eyxoBaThiil,
nopo10 6JieeT.SIIIJ,Hil paeeKa3 0 BOeHHhIX no,n:BHrax apa6e-
KHX napTH3aH. 0tfeHh TPY.D:Hhiil po.n: - BOeHHa.SI JIHTepaTy-
pa. Kor.n:a yMep MuxailJioBeKHil-.lJ:aHHJieBeKHil, HeTopHK
553
 0TeqecTBeHHOH BOHHhI, o.u1rn 113 ee yqacTHHKOB, rpa<t>
OcTeH-CaKeH, roBopHJI c HacMernxoii: «Kaxoe HecqacThe
rrornno Ha 6acHorrncQeB! ,l::t:aBHO JIH MhI JIHlllHJIHCh Kph1-
JI0Ba, H BOT Teneph yMnpaeT H )::t:aHHJieBCKHH» ... BoT
TOJihKO 6acHon11cQhI y BOHHhI 6hrnaIOT pa3HhIX HanpaBJie-
HHii: 6acHonnceQ ,l::t:IOMa-oTeQ, HO 6acHOnHCeQ Be.Uh H
PeMapK. B noypeHCOBOM «BoccTaHHH B nycThIHe» BOHHa
11306pa)!(eHa He TaK, KaK Ha xapTHHax MeiiccoHhe. 0,uHaKo
«6ecnpe,ueJibHoro y)!(aca» B Heil HeT.
CBOHMH no,uBHraMH JloypeHc nopa3HJI Boo6pa)!(eH11e
JIIO.Ueii. Po6epT rpeHBC yrnep)!(.uaeT, qTo OH - «CaMhIH
3aMeqaTeJihHhIH 113 Bcex aHrJinqaH Harnero BpeMeHH». 3To
CHJihHO cKa3aHo. Ho nepe.u HaMH H B caMOM .uene oqeHh
Bhl.UaIOI..QHHCji qenoBeK. IloHj{Th ero TPY.UHO, - co BCeMH
nonpaBKaMH Ha aKTepcKyIO Hrpy, ycBOeHHYIO HM c .ueTC-
KHX JieT. JloypeHc - areHT «Intelligence Service», - :no
caMo no ce6e eme o6'bjlCHjleT He TaK MHoro. Pa3Be,uqnxoM
OH CTaJI, KOHeqHo, He pa.UH BhffO.Uhl. OH COBeprneHHO
6ecxophICTHhIH qeJioBeK. Ero KHHrH MorJIH 6hl np11HeCTH
eMy COCTOjlHHe H He npHHeCJIH HH rporna. )::t:py3hjl JloypeH-
ca, c ero 6narocnoBeHHjl, npo,uaBaJIH no 500 <PYHTOB
3K3eMnJijlpbI «CeMH KOJIOHH MY.UPOCTH», KOTOphle OH HM
.uapHJI, a eMy 3Ta KHHra CTOHJia 6oJiblllHX ,ueHer. <l>paH-
QY3CKHH HCCJie,UOBaTeJib CHpHH rpa<P roHTO-l>HpOH
BCKOJih3h roBOpHT, qTo JlpypeHC - «CJiyra 6pHTaHCKoro
HMnepnaJIH3Ma, Bpo.ue ,l::t:)!(eMcoHa HJIH Cecunsi Po.uca». B
3TOM ecTh 3HaquTeJihHaSI .UOJijl npaB,Uhl. Co BceM CBOHM
CKenTHQH3MOM, c MH3aHTpOnHeii, c BJII06JieHHOCThlO B
apa6oB JloypeHC nHCaJI He TaK ,uaBHO: «POKOBhIM 6y,ueT
TOT ,ueHh, Kor.ua nepecTaHeT yBeJiuquBaThCjl B pa3Mepax
EpHTaHcKajl HMnepHjl».
11 Bce-TaKH 3TO He noJIHajl npaB.ua. B TaK Ha3hrnaeMhIX
3,UOpOBhIX CTpaHax naTpHOTHqecKoe qyBCTBO He MO)!(eT
npHHTH B CTOJIKHOBeHHe c noJIHTHqecKHMH B3rJijl,UaMH,
KaK He npHXO.UHT c HHMH B CTOJIKHOBeHHe noTpe6HOCTh
.UhirnaTh B03.UYXOM H o6e,uaTh Ka)!(,UhIH ,ueHh. B AHrnHH
)Ke, BOJieii HCTOpHH, naTpHOTH3M noqTH HeH3MeHHO HMeeT
nerxuii «HMnepHaJIHCTHqecKuii yxnoH» - 3TO cBoero po-
.ua «revolvit orbis, stat crux»• 6pHTaHcxoii noJIHTnqecxoii
)!(H3HH. IlpHBe,ueHHOe Bhlllle 3aMeqaHHe JloypeHca He Me-
rnaeT eMy 6h1Th qenoBeKoM nyTaHhIM 11 CJIO)!(HhIM. Bparn
rOBOpjlT, qTO OH «He rny6oK». 3To TaK)!(e )J;OBOJibHO
HeOnpe,ueJieHHOe nOHjlTHe, - rep,uep nHCaJI CBOeH HeBe-

• «IlyCTb MHP nepeeopa'IHeaeTc11, KpeCT npo11onllCaeT CTOllTb» (11am.).

554
CTe: «rihe xopOllIHH 'leJIOBeK, BOT TOJibKO HeMHoro no-
BepxHOCTHbIH!» IloJIKOBHHK JloypeHC - )KHBOH aHaxpo-
HH3M, HO Be.[(b B MepTBeQKOH HCTOpH'leCKOro npoQecca
6ecnpecTaHHO BOCKpecalOT MHHMbie IlOKOHHHKH. 3aHH-
MaJIC.H OH npeHMyLQeCTBeHHO BOHHOH H nonHTHKoii; O.[(Ha-
KO OH Il03T 6oJibIJ.Ie, 11eM BOHH, BOHH 60Jibllle, tfeM IlOJIH-
THK. B nycTbIHe OH B03HJI Ha CBOeM Bep6JIJO.[(e, BMecTe c
.[(HHaMHTOM H cyxap.HMH, aHTOJIOrHJO aHrJIHHCKOH Il033HH!
:SaiipoH, IlOTep.HB JIJ060Bb K )KH3HH, y6e.[(HJI ce6.H, 'ITO
BJIJ06HJIC.H B rpe11ecKyJO CB06o.[(y. JloypeHC BJIJ06HJIC.H B
H.[(eJO ocB060)K.[(eHH.H ApaBHH, - Ha.[(eJOch, ocBo6o)K.[(eH-
Ha.H ApaBH.H .[(OCTaBJI.HeT eMy ceii11ac nonHoe y.[(oBJieTBope-
HHe H THxyw pa.[(OCTb. KaK 6bl TOJibKO OH He yBneKc.H
MeHee 6e306H.[(HbIM .[(enoM. Kor,[(a B o6na.[(aTene xy.[(O)Ke-
cTBeHHOH HaTypbl npocblnaeTC.H HCKaTeJib npHKJIJO'leHHH,
OH CTaHOBHTC.H onaCHbIM 'leJIOBeKOM.

IX.
Kor.[(a BOHHa KOH'IHJiach, BbI.HCHHJIOCh, 'ITO coJ.[(aTb
e.[(HHoe apa6cKoe rocy.[(apcTBO .[(aJieKo He TaK JierKo, KaK
KaJanocb JloypeHcy H <l>eiicaJiy.
KaK HJBeCTHO, B Mae 1916 ro,[(a Me)K.[(y PoccHeii, AHr-
JIHeii H <l>paHQHeH COCTO.HJIOCh corJiaIJ.IeHHe 0 pa3,[(eJie
aJHaTcKoii TypQHH. PoccH.H .[(OJI)KHa 6Lma noJiy11HTh 3p-
3epyM, TpaneJyH.[(, BaH H nHTJIHc; <l>paHQH.H H AHrnH.H
.[(eJIHJIH Me)K.[(y co6ou c<Pepb1 BJIH.HHH.H B CHpHH H Me-
conornMHH (TaK HaJhIBaeMLIH .[(OroBop CanKca-IlHKo).
HecKOJihKO noJ.[(Hee no CeH-)l(aH-MopHeHcKoMy corna-
IJ.IeHHJO Koe-11To B MaJiou AJHH 6L1no o6eLQaHo H 1-iTa-
JIHH.
CorJiaIJ.IeHH.H cocTaBJI.HJIH «.[(HnJI0MaTH11ecKYJO Tan-
HY» - B .[(OBOJibHO ycJIOBHOM CMbICJie 3Toro noH.HTH.H.
JloypeHc yTBep)K.[(aeT, HanpHMep, 'ITO o .[(OroBope CaifK-
ca-IlHKO HH'lero He 3HaJI caM 6pHTaHCKHU BepXOBHbIU
KOMHCcap B ErnnTe, pyKoBO.[(HBIJ.IHU neperoBopaMH c Xy-
cenHOM H <l>eucaJIOM. Mo)KeT 6bITb, B caMOM .[(eJie He
JHaJI. A MO)KeT 6bITh, He c11HTaJI Heo6xo.[(HMblM .[(eJIHThC.H
CBOHMH CBe.[(eHH.HMH c JloypeHCOM. KaK 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO,
~oroBop 3TOT COBepIJ.IeHHO He corJiaCOBaJIC.H c TeMH o6e-
LQaHH.HMH, KOTOpbie 6bIJIH ,[(aHhl apa6aM BepXOBHhIM KO-
MHCCapoM.
IlOCJie 0KT.H6pbCKOU peBOJilOQHH 60JibIJ.IeBHKH ony6-

SSS
 JIHKOBaJUI ceKpeTHbie .uorOBOpbI, Haii.ueHHbie HMH B
pyccKOM MHHHCTepcTBe HHOCTpaHHhIX .uen. Ony611HKOBa-
JIH nocneurno, 6ecnopSI.noqHo H 6e3rpaMOTHO. 0HH BO
BCex 3THX ,UOKyMeHTax Tor.ua noqTH He pa36HpanHCh, .ua
HM 6bmo H He .uo CaiiKca-IlHKO ... 0.n:HaKo Ja HHX pa3o-
6pannch .upyrne. HeMQhI cKopo .u0Bem1 .uo CBe,UeHHSI
apa6cKHx BO)((,Ueii, KaKOBhI nnaHhI COI03HHKOB HacqeT Xy-
ceiiHOBa QapCTBa.
Apa6h1 npHllIJIH B SipOCTh. JioypeHc 6hm npnBneqeH K
OTBeTy. OH H caM 6hm nopa)((eH - .UJISI pa3Be.z:i:oqHoii
CJiy)((6bI 3TOT qeJIOBeK CJIHllIKOM HaHBeH. Ilo CJIOBaM 6HO-
rpacpa (oqeBH,UHO, HCXO,USIIQHM OT JioypeHca), qecTh eMy
npe.unnchrnana HeMe.uneHHO pacnycTHTh no .uoMaM Bcex
CBOHX COJI,UaT. B 3TOM Il03BOJ1HTeJihHO ycOMHHTbCSI; HO,
BO BCSIKOM cnyqae, IlOCTYilHJI JioypeHC COBCeM He TaK, KaK
eMy SIK06hl npe.unHchrnana qecTh. OH o6'hSIBHJI apa6aM,
qTo nepe.uaHHhie qepe3 Hero o6emaHHSI 6pHTaHcKoro Ka-
6nHeTa OTMeHSIIOT .uoroBop CaiiKca-OnKo. 3aSIBJieHHe 6b1-
110 BO Bcex OTHOllleHHSIX CMenoe - JioypeHC HeB03MYTH-
MO OTMeHHJI .uorOBOpbl, no.u KOTOpblMH 3HaqHJiaCh no.u-
IlHCb H ero, H qy)((oro npaBHTeJihCTBa. Ho apa6b1 He 6hmH
HH TOHKHMH IOpHCTaMH, HH rny60KHMH IlOJIHTHKaMH.
ITapTH3aHcKaSI BOHHa npo.uoJI)((aJiach.
MaKHaBeJIJIH3M? BoT qTo OTHIO.Uh He CBOHCTBeHHO
JioypeHcy. CKa)((y 6oJihllle: HaCTOSIIQero MaKHaBeJIJIH3Ma
He 6hIJIO H B .ueiicTBHSIX coI03HhIX npaBHTeJihCTB. Ha.no
BCilOMHHTb o6cTaHOBKY Toro BpeMeHH. qeJIOBeK, BHCSl-
IQHli Ha.u nponaCThIO, o6emaeT 3a noMO!Qh 6onhIIIe Toro,
qTo MO)((eT .uaTh, ropa3.uo 6onbllle Toro, qTo .uaTh xoqeT.
3To CBOero po.ua «KOHS!, KOHS!, IlOJIQapCTBa 3a KOHSI!».
Paccy.UHTeJihHhIH qenoBeK co CTOpOHhI yKopH3HeHHO cnpo-
CHT, KaK MO)((HO .uaBaTh 3a JIOIIIa.Uh nonQapcTBa. Ho 3TO
6y.ueT rnynhIH Bonpoc.
CoI03HHKH (KaK H HeMQbI) me.upo ChlnaJIH B TY nopy
o6emaHHSIMH, H3 KOTOpbIX O,UHH 6bIJIH COBepllleHHO HeBhl-
IlOJIHHMhl, a .upyrne npoTHBopeqHJIH o.uHo .upyroMy. Co-
IIIJIIOCh Ha aBTOpHTeT 60Jihllloro 3HaToKa npe.n:MeTa. Ho-
BeiillIHH aMepHKaHCKHH HCCJie,n;oBaTeJih, npocpeccop
qapnh3 CeiiMyp, 6JIH)((aHIIIHH yqacTHHK ITapH)((CKoii KOH-
cpepenQHH 1919 ro,n;a, B cBoeii pa6oTe «Secret Treaties and
Open Covenants»* npSIMO roBopHT, qTo ,n;or0Boph1 o pa3-
,n;ene a3HaTcKoii TypQHH 6blJIH H HeSICHhI, H npoTHBopeqH-
BhI. 06emaHHSI, .n;aHHhie rpeKaM, npOTHBOpeqHJIH o6ema-

• «CeKpeTHble AOl'OBOpbl H OTKpblTble cornaweHHll» ( a11u1.).

556
 HH.HM, .n;aHHhIM HTaJih»Hu;aM . .IJ:oroBop CaHKca-IlHKO He
coniacoBaJic.si: c TeM, qTo aHnrnqaHe nocyJimrn XyceHHy.
CeH-)J{aH-MoptteHCKHH .n;oroBop 6bIJI 3aKmoqeH 6e3 co-
rJiaCH.H PoccHH H T . .n;. BnocJie.n;cTBHH, .n;o6aBHM, Bhrnc-
HHJIOCh, qTo He croBOpHJIHCh Me:>K.n;y co6oH TOJIKOM .n;a:>Ke
<l>paHQH.H H AHrnH.H.
To :>Ke caMoe OTHOCHTC.H H K .n;pyroMy co6bITHIO, Bbl-
3BaBrneMy 60JibII10e BOJIHeHHe y apa6oB, - K .n;eKJiapau;HH
EanhQ>ypa, o6emaBrneH eBpe.si:M IlaJieCTHHy. AHeK.n;OTHqec-
Ka.H HCTOpH.H 3Toro IlOJiyaHeK,[(OTJiqecKoro ,[(OKyMeHTa eme
He HanttcaHa. Jlop.n: EaJihQ>yp roBopHJI o.n;HoMy pyccKoMy
IlOJIHTHqecKOMY .n;e.si:Temo, qTo IlO,[(IlHCaJI HCTOpHqecKYJO
.n;eKJiapau;HIO H3-3a JiereH.n;hI, KOTopy10 CJihirnaJI B .n;eTCTBe:
MHp norH6HeT B TOT .n;eHh, Kor.ua B Mepycamt:Me BOC-
CTaHOBHTC.H eBpeHCKa.H BJiaCTb, - «MHe TaK Ha.n;oeJI MHp,
qTo .si:, npaBo, He npoqh nocMoTpeTh Ha ero rtt6eJih» ...
IIIyTKa xapaKTepHa ,[(JI.SI aBrnpa «Defence of Philosophic
Doubt»·. IlpaB.n;a, rnyTJIHBhie CJIOBa npecTapeJioro rocy-
.[(apcTBeHHoro .[(e.si:TeJI.si: 6hmH cKa3aHhI nocJie npeKpacHoro
3aBTpaKa; ,[(a H noJIHTHKa Foreign Office, KOHeqHo, He
onpe.[(eJI.si:Jiach rnyTKaMH JIOp.[(a EaJihQ>ypa. 0.n;HaKo 6e3
npeyBeJIHqeHH.H MO:>KHO CKa3aTb, qTO 3HaMeHHTa.H .n;eKJiapa-
1.J;H.H 6bma .n;aJieKo He CBo6o.[(Ha OT IOMopa. BechMa cephe3-
HhIH aHrJIHHCKHH HCCJie,[(OBaTeJih roBOpHT, qTo OHa COCTaB-
JieHa B Bbipa:>KeHmIX, «no Heo6XO,[(HMOCTH Heonpe.n;eJieH-
HhIX» («perhaps necessarily vague»), - KaK H3BeCTHO, y:>Ke
JieT 15 npo.n;OJI:>KaeTC.H cnop 0 TOM, qTO HMeHHO 6hIJIO
o6eIIJ;aHO CHOHHCTaM: HaCTO.HIIJ;HH «HaQHOHaJibHbIH ,[(OM»
HJIH :>Ke TOJihKO .[(yXOBHhIH (ynoM.HHYTbIH HCCJie,[(OBaTeJib
yTBep:>K.[(aeT, qTo .[(yxoBHhIH). HHKaKoro MaKHaBeJIJIH3Ma,
noBTop.si:10, He 6hIJIO. Ho 3a noMep:>KKY eBpelicKHX Q>HHaH-
COBhIX KpyroB B AMepHKe CTOHJIO o6emaTh noJiu;apcTBa,
B,[(06aBOK qy:>Koro. rocy.[(apCTBeHHbie ,[(e.HTeJIH Harnero Bpe-
MeHH qacTO CTaHOB.HTC.H MaKHaBeJIJIH-IlOHeBOJie.
Apa6h1 TaK :>Ke, KaK CHOHHCThI, noH.HJIH ,[(eKJiapau;HIO
EaJihQ>ypa He Q>HrypaJihHO, a 6yKBaJihHO. 0Ha 6bIJia .[(JI»
HHX T.H:>KKHM y.[(apoM. IleqaTh XyceHHa-<l>eHcaJia, Bepo-
.HTHO, c 6JiarOCJIOBeHH.H JloypeHca, OTKpbIJia CBOeo6pa3-
HYIO «aHTHCeMHTCKyIO» KaMnaHHIO. B TY nopy Bee HeHa-
BHCTHoe ,[(JI.SI COI03HHKOB BOilJIOIIJ;aJIOCb B 0,[(HOM CJIOBe:
repMaHH.H. He B o6H.n;y 6y.n;h CKa3aHO rHTJiepy, apa6CKHe
ra3eThl H30 ,[(H51 B ,[(eHh ,[(OKa3bIBaJIH, qTo eBpeH Te :>Ke
HeMQbl - H KYJihTypa Ta :>Ke, H .n;yx TOT :>Ke, H B3aHMHhie

• «3aunna <jJHJIOCO«jlcKoro COMHCHHll» ( QHZ/I.).

557
CMMIIaTlm COBeprneHHO Herrpeo,n;OJIMMhI. l103TOMY CMO-
HMCTCKMH lfepycaJIMM 6bIJI 6hI IIOJIMTMqecKMM rrpe.n;Me-
CTheM EepnnHa.

x.
Ilocne 3aKmoqeHMSI rrepeMnpnsi <l>eiican n JloypeHc
Bhiexamr B EBporry. XyceiiH Ha3Haqnn chrna CBOMM rrpe.n;-
cTaBMTeneM Ha KoH<Pepem.(MIO. HaKa3 6hIJI: Tpe6oBaTh
C03,ll;aHMSI Bceapa6cKoro QapCTBa c BKJ1IOqeHMeM B Hero
Cnp1m, MecorroTaMMM M IlanecTMHhI.
TyT Haqanach o.n;Ha M3 caMhIX cBoeo6pa3HhIX cTpaHMQ
ncTopnn rreperoBopoB 1919 ro.n;a. B 3TOH rroe3,n;Ke B Ila-
pmK 6e.n;yMHCKOro BOMHa CMelllaJIOCh Bee: TpOraTeJ1hHOe H
3a6aBHoe, 3rrorresi H Bo,n;eBHJlh, KopaH H «Hamn 3a rpa-
HMQeii».
Ha.n;o nn roBopHTh, qTo M3 Tpex BeJIMKMX n10.n;eii KOH-
<PepeHQMM HM o.n;nH BHaqane He MMen HM Maneiirnero rrpe.n;-
CTaBJ1eHHSI o .n;enax pa3Bamrnrneiicsi HMrrepHH cynTaHOB.
KneMaHco, Jlnoii.n; .Z:l>Kop.n;:>K, BHJ1hCOH H3YMJleHHO rnsi.n;e-
JIH Ha qenoBeKa B 6enoM TIOp6aHe, Ha31>1BaBrnero ce6si
rroTOMKOM MaroMeTa, ChIHOM re.n;:>Ka3cKoro Koponsi H
rrpeTeH)J;eHTOM Ha Bceapa6CKHH rrpeCTOJ1, - B qeM .n;eno?
KTO TaKoii? KaKHe apa6b1? KaKOH re.n;:>Ka3? C3p reHpH
MaK-MaroH, KOTopoMy 6hIJIO rropyqeHo cocTaBMTh .n;oK-
na.n;, ropeCTHO IlHCan, qTO B Tiap11:>Ke JIIO)J;M, oqeBH)J;HO, He
IlOHHMaIOT, 0 qeM, co6CTBeHHO, H)J;eT peqh,
IlOTOM OHH OCBOMJ1MCh H c 6eJlblM TIOp6aHOM, H c
apa6CKHMH Tpe6oBaHHSIMM. Ilpn BeJ1HKMX JIIO)J;SIX 6hIJIM,
KaK BO)J;JITCSI, COBeTHMKH, HO OHH, TO:>Ke KaK BO)J;HTCSI,
COBeprneHHO paCXO)J;HJIMCh BO B3rJISI)J;aX. <l>paHQY3hl CJlhl-
IIIaTh He XOTeJIH 0 e.n;HHOM apa6CKOM QapCTBe, He 6e3
ocHoBaHnsi nonarasi, qTo apa6cKoe QapcTBO 6y.n;eT rrceB-
)J;OHHMOM HOBOH aHrnHiicKoii KOJIOHMH. Pa3o6paBrnMCh B
Borrpoce, KneMaHco 3aSIBHJI Jlnoii.n; ,lJ;:>Kop.n;:>Ky, qTo o e.n;H-
HOM apa6CKOM QapcTBe He MO:>KeT 6b1Th peqH: Ha.n;o pa3-
.n;enHTh c<Pepbl BJIHSIHHSI.
Haqancsi Topr. Ero cKp1>1To .n;enoBoii xapaKTep («aKy-
Jlhl KanHTaJ1H3Ma») rrpeyBenHqHBaTh He Ha.n;o. BHnhCOH
HaCTaHBaJI Ha rrpnMeHeHMM npMHQMilOB ,[{eMOKpaTMH JI
caMoonpe.n;eneHHSI Hapo.n;oB. C 3THM npHxo.n;Hnoch cq11-
TaT1>csi; HO, K cqacThIO, TOT :>Ke BHJ1hCOH BhI)J;yMa.-. CHCTeMy
MaH.n;aToB. He 6y.n;eM ocy:>K.n;aTh KneMaHco H Jlnoii.n;
,lJ;:>Kop.n;:>Ka, eCJIH OHH B 3TOM cnyqae CMOTpenH Ha rrpHHQH-
558
nb1 npe3H.UeHTa, KaK Ha cosepmeHHYIO epyH,ny. lfa Apa-
BHH, H no npHHUHny caMoonpe,neJieHHSI Hapo.nos, H no
BCeM .npyrHM npHHUHnaM, MO)KHO c O,UHHaKOBbIM npaBOM
BbIKpOHTb H nsiTb, H .nsa.uuaTh nSITb rocy,napcTB. CaM
JloypeHC, no ymH BJII06JieHHbIH B apa60B, B CBOeH KHHre
BCKOJib3b, KaK HH B 'leM He 6bIBaJIO ynoMHHaeT, 'ITO
rosei1:TaTbI BeJIH BOHHY c 6eHHCaKpaMH H3-3a o6Jia,naHHSI
3HaMeHHTbIM sep6JIIO.UOM .LJ:)Ke.u,noi1:. KaK TYT 6h1JI0 npH-
MeHSITb npHHUHnhI BHJibCOHa?
JloypeHC BepHyJICSI Ha pO,UHHy. 3.necb Ha ero ,UOJIIO B
ro,nhI, nocJie,nosasmHe 3a BOHHOH, BhmaJI orpoMHbIH JIH;
TepaTypHbIH H CBeTCKHH ycrrex. 3TOT 11eJIOBeK BHeC B
BOHHY 1914-1918 ro,UOB II033HIO, KOTOpOH ei1: He XBaTa-
JIO. l>JiecTSIIUHe .nei1:CTBHSI apa6cKHx rrapTH3aH TaK Bhrnr-
pbrnaJIH Ha cpoHe cepoi1:, aHOHHMHOH, TpaHmeHHO-apTHJI-
JiepHHCKOH BOHHbl. «Apa6a JloypeHca» HOCHJIH B JIOH-
,UOHCKHX caJioHax Ha pyKax, ,naMbl CXO,UHJIH no HeM c yMa,
MY)K'IHHbI rro,npa)KaJIH ero pe3KOH oTpbIBHCTOH MaHepe
pa3rosopa.
OueHHJIO ero 3acJiyrn H rrpaBHTeJibCTBO. OH 6bm 3a11H-
cJieH B Ka'leCTBe 3KCrrepTa B 6pHTaHCKYIO ,neJierauHIO Ha
KOHcpepeHUHH. 3TO 6bIJIO ,UOBOJibHO Hey,na'IHOe Ha3Ha'le-
HHe. B IlapH)Ke JloypeHc oKa3aJicsi rrpe,ncTaBHTeJieM He
AHrJIHH, a re.n)Ka3cKoro KopoJISI. BMecTe c <f)ei1:caJioM OH
rrocemaJI KJieMaHco, BHJibCOHa, JlJioi1:.u .LJ:)Kop.n)Ka. <f)ei1:-
caJI TeprreJIHBO H3JiaraJI CBOH Tpe6oBaHHSI: e,UHHOe BCe-
apa6CKOe uapcrno co BKJIIO'leHii:eM B Hero CwpHH, Me-
corroTaMHH H IlaJieCTHHbl. JloypeHC rrepeBO,UHJI CJIOBa
CBoero .npyra H OT ce6si .no6aBJISIJI, 'ITO B rropy BOHHbl
apa6aM 6bIJIH ,naHbl TBep,nble o6emaHHSI, - OHH ,UOJI)l(Hbl
6bITb HCIIOJIHeHbl.
Ilo-BH.UHMoMy, ro,nb1, rrpose,neHHble B ApaBHH: ,n:HH Ha
Bep6JIIO,Uax, HO'IH cpe.nw 3MeH, MHOrO'IHCJieHHble paHe-
HHSI - 6bITb MO)KeT, H BHe3aIIHbIH ycrrex - OTpa3HJIHCb
Ha xapaKTepe IIOJIKOBHHKa JloypeHca. lfa rrpoCTO pe3KOro
'leJIOBeKa OH CTaJI 'leJIOBeKOM 'IYTb TOJibKO He 6emeHbIM.
Ero 6ece.n;bI B IlapH)Ke, 3aTeM rro3,n:Hee B JloH.n;oHe rroBJieK-
JIH 3a co6oi1: psi.n: CKaH.n;aJIOB, 0 KOTOpbIX H Terrepb B
AHrJIHH roBopHTb He JII06SIT. CKa)Ky TOJibKO, 'ITO rrocJie
o,n:Horo o6'hSICHeHHSI c JloypeHCOM rroKOHHbIH Jiop.n: Kep-
30H 3aIIJiaKaJI - 3arrJiaKaJI B HaCTO.si:IUeM CMbICJie CJIOBa.
«Ilo meKaM ero TeKJIH cJie3bI, OH rJiyxo BCXJIHIIbrnaJI. B
3aJie HaCTYIIHJIO CTpaurnoe CMyIUeHHe. EMy IIOJIO)KHJI KO-
Heu Jiop.n: Po6epT CecHJih. OH, rro-BH.lJ:HMOMy, HMeJI rrpw-
559
swqKy K TaKoro po)l.a cu;euaM H rpy6osaTo cKa3an nop)l.y
Kep3ouy: «Ilonuo, CTapHK, )l.OBOJihHO 3THX lllTyK!..>} Jlop)l.
Kep3ou BhITep rna3a H BhICMopKanc.si B llleJIKOBhIH nna-
TOK. 3ace)l,aHHe npO)l.OJI:>KaJIOCh».
Kouq11noch :>Ke ace 3TO coaepllleHHO Hesepo.siTHOH cu:e-
uoii Me:>K)l.Y IlOJIKOBHHKOM JioypeHCOM H aHrJIHHCKHM KO-
poneM. JioypeHc Ha ay)l.tteHu;1111 aepHyn reopry V cao11
Op)l.eHa, 3a.s!BHB, qTo CTbl)l.HTC.s! TOH ponu, 3a KOTOp}'IO 3TH
op)l.eHa nonyqttn, H qTo eMy CThI)l.HO Ja AHrn1110 H Ja ee
npaBHTeJihCTBO. 3Toii cu;eHe TPY)l.HO 6hrno 6h1 noaepHTh,
ecnu 6b1 cse)l.eHm1 o Heii B CM.sirqeHHOH <l:>opMe He 11c-
XO)l.HJIH 11 OT caMoro Kopon.si. B OTBeT Ha Janpoc 611orpa-
<Pa nop)l. CT3M<l:>op)l.raM, nttqHhIH ceKperaph reopra V,
n11llleT: «Ero Ben11qecTBO xopolllo noMHHT, qTo, npe)l.-
CTasn.si.si CBOIO npoch6y 0 pa3pellleHHH OTKa3aTbC.s! OT
Op)l.eHOB, IlOJIKOBHHK JioypeHC KpaTKO CKa3an, qTo OH )],an
Kopon10 <l>eiicany H3BeCTHhie 06emaHm1, qTo 3TH o6ema-
HH.si Bb!IlOJIHeHbl He 6bIJIH " qTO eMy, 6hITb MO:>KeT, npH-
)1,eTC.s! cpa:>KaThC.si npoTHB aHrn11qaH. A np11 TaKMX ycno-
BH.six OH He cq11TaeT B03MO:>KHhIM HOCHTb 6pHTaHCKMe op-
)1,eHa. Ero BenttqecTso He noMHHT, cKa3an JIM eMy Jlo-
ypenc, qTo CThI)l.HTC.si Ja ce6.si, Ja AHrn1110 11 Ja 6p11TaHcKoe
npaBHTeJibCTBO».
K qecTH 6p11TaHcKoro npaBHTenhCTBa OTMeTHM, qTo
ace 3TO He 0Tpa3unoch Ha cny:>Ke6Hoii Kapbepe JioypeHca.
I103)1,Hee OH 6hIJI 6JIH:>KaHlllHM COBeTHHKOM qepq11nn.si no
BOCTOqHblM ,l(enaM. IloTOM IlOJIHTHKa eMy Ha.uoeJia, OH
CTaJI asnaTOpOM " yexan B MH.UHIO. ra3eTbl OTMeqaIOT
ero no.sianeH11e TO B AHrn1111, TO B caMbIX CTpaHHhlX
MecTax - qyTh TOJihKO He y ,IJ;anaii-naMhI. Pa3yMeeTc.si,
see no ceKpeTHeHlllHM )l.enaM.
Bo BC.sIKOM cnyqae, 113 acex cny:>Kamux «Intelligence
Service» nonKOBHHK JioypeHc caMhIH op11r11HanhHh1ii.

XyceiiH, yJHaB o npoaane aceapa6cKoro u:apcTsa, B

rHeBe OTKa3anc.si no,l(rmcaTh BepcaJihCKMH .uoroaop. 3To
ne npoH3Beno B Ilap11:>Ke 6onbllloro sneqaTneHu.si, - .n:o-
roaop o6olllenc.si 6e3 no.l(nHCH XyceiiHa. <l>eiican OKa3anc.si
MHOro nyqlllHM IlOJIHTHKOM, qeM ero OTeQ H qeM Jloypenc.
Ys11,l(eB, qTo KneMaHco H.uqeM He npolll.u6elllh, OH BhI.l(BH-
nyn CBOIO KaH,UH,l(aTypy Ha CHpHHCKMH npeCTOJI IlO,l( <l:>pan-
U:Y3CKMM MaH.l(aToM. KneManco 6brno coaeplllenno ace
paBHO, KaKOH apa6 6y.ueT u:apCTBOBaTh BO <l:>paHQY3CKOH
560
Cttpm1. TexHHKa .n;ena He TaK CJIO)l(Ha. CttpHHCKHH KOHr-
pecc npoBo3rnacHJI <l>elicana KoponeM. CttpHHCKHif Hapo.n
BCTpeTHJI ero BOCTOp)l(eHHO: «11 Mhl, H Hanm CeMhH, H
Hanm nanaTKH 6oJihIIIe TBOH, 11eM TBOH pyKH. Bpar 11c-
JiaMa TOT, KTO ,n;yMaeT HHa'le» ...
0.n;HaKo c <l>paHQHeH <l>elican He nona.n;HJI. KpaiiHHe
apa6CKHe HaQHOHaJIHCThl BeJIH rnyxyro 6oph6y npOTHB
<l>paHQY3CKoro MaH.L(aTa. He CTOHT OCTaHaBJIHBaThCSI Ha
BceM 3TOM no.n;po6Ho. 14 HI-OJISI 1920 ro.n;a reHepan rypo
npe,n;'hSIBHJI yJihTHMaTyM; <l>paHQY3CKHe BOHCKa .UBHHYJIMCh
Ha ,[(aMaCK. 0Ka3aJIOCh, 'ITO cpa)l(aThCSI c HHMH Ha Bep6-
JII-O,ZJ;ax HeB03MO)l(HO. <l>elican 6e)l(aJI B AHrJIHI-O, HaBcer.na
IlOTepsi:B CHpHUCK)'I-0 KOpoHy.
AHrJIH'laHe CKopo HaIIIJIH .n;nsi: Hero .upyryro. KopoJieB-
CTBO 11paK 6hlJIO co3,naHo e,nBa JIM He cneQHaJihHO ,UJISI
Hero. 11paKCKHH KOHrpecc c HeMeHhIIIeii roTOBHOCThI-O
npoBoJrnacHJI <l>elicana KopoJieM. 11paKCKHH Hapo.u
BCTpeTHJI ero TaK )l(e BOCTOp)l(eHHO: «11 Mhl, H HaIIIM
ceMhH, H HaIIIH nanaTKH ... »
Hay11eHHhIH onhITOM, OH no.u.uep)l(MBaJI npeKpacHhie
OTHOIIIeHMSI c «MaH,UaTapHOH .n;ep)l(aBOU» H B006I.Qe npa-
BHJI My,npo, OCTOpO)l(HO H TBep.uo, OKa3aB CBOeH CTpaHe
rpoMa,UHhie ycJiyrn. HeT ,UJISI OTCTaJihIX Hapo,noB .upyroro
nyTH K QHBHJIM3aQHH. AHrJIHsi:, <l>paHQHsi:, B He,naBHHe
BpeMeHa M PoccHsi: BhIIlOJIHSIJIH H BhrnOJIHSII-OT B A3HH
BeJIHK)'I-0 QHBMJIH3aTopcKyI-O pOJih.
PaJyMeeTcsi:, 6hlJIM M TPY.UHOCTH, H Hec11acThsi:. 113 rJiy-
6ttHhI BeKOB BhIIlJihIJIM KaKHe-TO accMpHHQhl, OKa3aBIIIMecsi:
B 11paKe HaQHOHaJihHhIM MeHhIIIHHCTBOM. KTo B EBpone
3HaJI, 'ITO accMpHUQhI eiu:e cyiu:ecTB)'I-OT, - HeT JIM r.ue-
HM6y,nh M <PttHMKMsi:H? HenpHSITHOCTH .uocTaBJISIJIH Te )l(e
KpaiiHMe apa6CKHe HaQMOHaJIMCThl, Tpe6oBaBIIIHe 6oph6hl
c AHrnHeii. EI.Qe 6oJihIIIe Ja6oT 6hlJIO OT Bara6MTOB.
BparoB Boo6iu:e 6hIJIO 011eHh MHoro.

8 ceHTsi:6psi: npoIIIJioro ro.ua • KopoJih <l>elicaJI cKopono-

CTH)l(HO CKOH'laJICSI B ,ZJ;OBOJihHO TaHHCTBeHHOH o6cTaHOB-
Ke, B EepHe, r.ue Haxo,nMJICSI Ha 0T,n;h1xe. Kor.ua BhICOKono-
cTaBJieHHhiii 'leJIOBeK, MMeBIIIMH MHOro BparoB, YMHpaeT
CKOponOCTH)l(HO B TaHHCTBeHHOU o6cTaHOBKe, HeH36e)l(H0

' 1932 r. - llpUM. pea.

19-5317
561
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<l>eikanoM. He 6epycb cy;:i:ttTb 06 3THX cnyxax. C o;:i:ttoH:
cTopoHbI, qecTHbIH EepH KaK 6y;:i:To caMoe Herro.nxo.njimee
MecTo B Mttpe .D:Jiji 3Jio;:i:ejiHHH B ;:i:yxe Qe3apji Eop.nxma
HJIH cynrnHa Mypa.na IV. Ho ecTb H pa3Hbre «c ;:i:pyroH:
CTOpOHbI». Bee MbI - H eBporreHQbI, H a3ttaTbI - )l(HBeM
Be;:i:b O.D:HOBpeMeHHO H B ;:i:Ba;:i:QaTOM BeKe, H B fljiTHa;:i:-
QaTOM.
 МоханласГанли.

19••
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I.
B '.HOM IlOMememrn: eTeHHble qaebl IlOKaJbIBaIOT He JIOH-
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KOM HHTepeeyeTe}I 06'he)];HHeHHe aMepHKaHeKOH ne'laTH.
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6y.n;eT no.n;aHO )];BYM Tble}ltfaM pe.n;aKTOpOB .n;Byx Tble}ltf
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annapaTa }I He BH,l.(eJI, HO, KOHe'IHO, J,l.(eeb MO)KHO H no
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TeXHH'leeKOM OTHOIIIeHHH HJMeHHJiaeb ropaJ)];O 60JibIIIe,
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TOpHH - eKa)KeM, OT ConoMoHa .[(O JlIO.[(OBHKa XIV. ,[(a
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KOe-'ITO BH)];eJio HaIIIe y.[(a'IJIHBOe IIOKOJieHHe!
3aBe.n;y10mHH OT,l.(eJieHHeM tipeJBbl'laHHO JII06eJeH:
- R e.n;ena10 Bee BOJMO)KHOe, Ho o6emaTb He Mory
HH'lero: Beeb JlOH)];OH XO'leT BH,l.(eTb raH.n;H. EeJIH 6 Bbl
oeTaBaJIHeb ,l.(OJiro, 3TO MO)KHO 6bIJIO 6bl yeTpOHTb, HO Bbl
yeJ)KaeTe ...
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K HeMy B HH.[(HIO B TY rropy, Kor.n;a MaxaTMa eme He 6bIJI
TaK JHaMeHHT. KpoMe Toro, Beeb MHp otieHb yxa)KHBaeT
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yxa)KUBaIOT Ja aMepuKaHCKUMU )KypHaJIUCTaMH oco6eHHO:
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BaTbC}I Coe.[(HHeHHblM IIITaTaM Ha AHrJIHIO.
- R rrpe,l.(JlaraIO BaM CJie.n;y10mee: rroe.n;eM K raH)];H
565
Hay.n:atJy. EcnH 6y.n:eT MO)l(HO, H Bae eMy npe.n:cTaBJilO.
EcnH HeJib3H, TeM xy)l(e ...
IlpHMO OTClO.D:a K raH.n:H: H3 AMepHKH B A3Hl0!
IlonpaBKY Ha MeCTO Ha.n:o HMeTb B BH.ll:Y IIOCTOHHHO,
eCJIH XO'leIIIb 'ITO-JIH6o IIOHHTb B caMOH <PaHTaCTH'leCKOH
H3 Bcex B03MO)l(HbIX 6Horpa<l>HM:: B He06bltJHOH HCTOpHH 0
TOM, KaK npHCH)l(HbIH IIOBepeHHbIH CTaJI EoroM.

CaM raH.n:H, BIIpotJeM, ce6H EoroM He CtJHTaeT. Ho ero

EoroM C'IHTalOT - HJIH CtJHTaJIH - COTHH MHJIJIHOHOB
n10.n:eM:. B l1H.D:HH pacnpocTpaHeHhI ero H3o6pa)l(eHHH B o6-
pa3e KpHrnHy; roBopHT, 6y.n:To OHM ecTb - HJIH 6hlJIH -
B Jil060H HH.ll:YCCKOH XH)l(lfHe. raH.D:H TpH pa3a B O.D:HOM
TOJibKO 1921 ro.n:y netJaTHO npoTeCTOBaJI IIpOTHB 3Toro Ha
CTpaHHI(aX «Mono.n:oM: l1H.D:HH» (25 Maj(, 13 HJOJijl H 25
aBrycTa)°. Ha.n:o BORTH B rroJIO)l(eHHe tJeJioBeKa, KOTOpbIH
BbIHY)K.ll:eH IIHCaTb IIHCbMa B pe.n:aKI(HlO c y6e.n:HTeJibHhIM
3ajlBJieHHeM o TOM, 'ITO OH He :Sor Kpm1rny. l1 He TaK
rrpOCTO 'ITO-JIH6o IIOHjiTh B IICHXOJIOrHH CTpaHhl, r.n:e Ta-
KHe IIHCbMa B pe.n:aKI(HlO B03MO)KHhl. 06pall(aTbCjl, HarrpH-
Mep, B «Tam> HJIH B «EepnHHep Tare6naTT» c rro.n:o6HhIM
IIHChMOM 6hIJIO 6hi HBHO Hey.n:o6Ho.

II.
KaK HaM pa306paThCj1 Bo BceM 3TOM? B 11H.D:HH me-
CThCOT rocy.n:apCTB, .n:Be ThJCjltJH TpHCTa COCJIOBHO-KaCTO-
BhIX .n:eneHHH JilO.D:eH··, .n:BeCTH .n:Ba.n:I(aTh .n:Ba j13hIKa, H3
HHX 6onee TpH.n:I(aTH 2/l.a61lblX (rro .n:aHHhIM ocpHI(HaJibHOro
aHrJIHHCKoro H3.D:aHHjl). l13 TpexcoT MHJIJIHOHOB Hace-
JieHHjl, Tpy.n:on106HBoro, tJeCTHoro, HectJacTHoro, orpoM-
Hoe, 110.n:aBJIHlOII(ee 60JihIIIHHCTBO HH Ha O.D:HOM H3 3THX
.ll:BYXCOT .n:Ba.n:naTH .ll:BYX j(JhIKOB He yMeeT HH tJHTaTh,
HH n11caTh. EecKoHetJHoe MHO)KeCTBO BepoBaHHH. Cno)K-
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HeM:meM: MHcpoJiorneM:, - 3a ee <i>HJIOCOcpCKHMH OTTeHKaMH
He Bcer.n:a Mor ycJie.D:HTh YM IIIorreHray3pa. B rroBce-
.n:HeBHOM )Ke 6b1Ty - KYJihT KopoBhI ...
MHorHM eBporreM:naM, BepojlTHo, Ha.n:o .n:eJiaTh Ha.n:
co6oM: ycHJIHe, tJT06h1 OTHeCTHCh K 6hITOBOMY KYJihTY
KOpOBhl c TeM yBa)KeHHeM, KOTOporo Tpe6yeT BCj(Kajl

• «La jeune Inde» (c6opHHK CTaTeli), CTp. 61-62.

•• Ha tore HH.llHH cy~eCTBYIOT, HanpHMep, KaCTbl npasoii H Jiesoli pyKH, H
HHKTO H3 HCCJie,nosaTeJieii He MOlKCT DOHllTb, 'ITO JTO 3Ha'lllT. KaCTbl 3TH pe3KO
epal!CAe6Hbl .npyr .npyry.

566
CTpaCTHa}J, HCKpeHH}J}J Bepa. MH.[(YCbl - Hapo.n O'leHb
.napOBHTbIH: 06 3TOM CBH,[(eTeJibCTBYEOT HX II033H}J H <PH-
JIOCO<t>Hsi. IlpHXO,[(HTC}J IIpOCTO npH3HaTb, 'ITO MHoroe B
MH.[(HH HaM coBepmeHHO HeIIOH}JTHO, H orpaHH'IHTbC}J
3THM npH3HaHHeM. B xopoBy cJieno BepHT TeMHhIH )f(H-
TeJib 6eHraJibCKHX JieCOB, 3am;muaEOI.IJ;HH ee .ny6beM OT
THrpoB H y.naeoB. CJieno BepHT B Hee H BO)f(,[(h coTeH
MHJIJIHOHOB JIEO,[(eH. raH,[(H OTpHI~aeT BCEO eBponeHCKYEO
IlHBHJIH3allHEO; HO B xopoBy OH BepHT TBep.no, H B ero
IIHCaHH}JX OHa 3aHHMaeT BH,[(Heiimee MeCTO. «HHKTO He
II011HTaeT KOpoey 6oJibille, 11eM .SI», - roeopHT OH B 0,[(-
HOH H3 CBOHX CTaTeH. «He Ha.no 3am;Hm;aTh KOpOBY HaCH-
JIHeM, - IIHilleT OH em;e, - 3TO 3Ha'IHJIO 6bI npHHH)f(aTb
BbICOKHH CMbICJI JaI.IJ;HTbI xopOBhI» •. Co6cTBeHHo, Eepona
Ha xopoBy H He Hana.naeT. Ho, 6hITb MO)f(eT, Jana.nHa.SI
llHBHJIH3allH.SI BIIpaBe CKpOMHO IIO)f(eJiaTb, 11T06bI H ee, c
JleoHap.no, ,L(exapTaMH, reTe H IIymKHHhIMH, He TaK y)f(
6eJ)l(aJiocTHO pa3o6Jia'laJIH - BO MM.SI KYJibTa xopOBhI.

Ero 30BYT MoxaH,D;aC KapaM11aH,D; raH,[(H. OH pO,[(HJIC.SI

2 oxrn6psi 1869 ro.na. 0Teu ero 6bIJI nepBbIM MHHHCTpOM
B IIop6aH,[(ape. He 3Ha.SI HH MeCTHoro 6h1Ta, HH MeCTHbIX
IIOJIHTH'leCKHX ycJIOBHH, He 6epych CKa3aTh c TO'IHOCThEO,
11TO TaKoe nop6aH,[(apCKHH nepBbIH MHHHCTp: MO)f(eT
6b1Tb, 60JibilIOH caHOBHHK, a MO)l(eT 6b1Tb, He11TO BpO,[(e
HCnpaBHHKa? Po,[(HTeJIH raH,[(H 6bIJIH, no CJIOBaM ero 6110-
rpa<t>oB, JIEO,[(H KYJibTYPHbie H o6pa3oBaHHhie. Ho, o'leBH,[(-
Ho, H o6pa30BaHHe HX, H KYJihTYPHOCTh Ha.no npHMeH}JTh
K nop6aH,[(apcKoMy ypoBHEO. Mhl 3HaeM, HanpHMep, 'ITO
raH,[(H 6hIJI IIOMOJIBJieH CO CBOeH HhIHeilIHeH )f(eHOH BOCh-
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••
'IHCTOMy», ,[(OJI)l(Hbl coeepmaTb O'IHCTHTeJihHhie 0 6 p.Sl.[(hl .

' «La jeune lode», crp. 229.

" B HeKOTOpblx ropo,11;ax HH,ll;llH, e Ma,11;pace HanpaMep, ,!Ulll napaee OTBC.JJ:CHbl
oco6ble YJIHl{bl. Ha yJJHnax, r,11;e XO,ll;llT HH.JJ:YCbl BblCUIHX KaCT, napHH DOllBJlllTbCll He
MOryY. «qaH,JJ;ana, - coo6lllaeT aeTOp Tpy.11:a 06 HH.JJ:HH, - .JJ:OJJllCeH 6blJI llCHTb
B,ll;aJJH OT llCHJIHlll npO'IHX JllO,JJ;eii, HOCHTb Ha ce6e OC06blii 3RaK, 'IT06bl ero MOllCHO
6blJIO Y3HaTb H H36ellCaTb c HHM BCTpe'IH (npHKOCHOBCHHC K HCMY OCKBepHllJIO);
BJla,JJ;CTb OH Mor TOJlbKO HH3WHMH llCHBOTHblMH - co6aKoii H OCJIOM, CCTb H3 6HTOH
DOCY.JJ:bl, O,ll;CBaTbCll B DJlaTbe OT yMepWHX H T.,11;. Ilo,11;06Hble B3rJJll,ll;bl nepeWJJH B
DJIOTb H KpoBb COBpeMeHHoro HH,JJ;yca. ,[(o CHX nop OKOJIO 14 npon. TY3CMHOro
HaceJJCHHll HH,ll;llH npHHa,!U!CllCHT K TaKHM OTBCpllCeHHblM KaCTaM».

567
Ho MaTh raH)l.H 3Hana rrpOCTOH )1.0MalliHHH crroco6, KaK
cefo1 oqHCTHTh OT rrpHKOCHOBeHHSI rrapHsi:: Ha)l.O HeMe)l.JieH-
HO rrpHKOCHYThCSI K MycynhMaHHHy. Tax H 6hmo C,ll.enaHo
C lOHhlM raH)l.H.
Co BCeM TeM TSira K IJ;HBHJIH3aIJ;HH y pO,ll.HTeneii: raH)l.H,
IIO-BH)l.HMOMy, 6bIJia H B caMOM )1.eJie. Ilo Kpaii:Heii: Mepe,
KOr,ll.a MaJihqHKY MHHYJIO BOCeMHa,ll.u;aTh JieT, ero OTnpa-
BHJIH B yHHBepcHTeT B AHrJIHIO.
06 3TOM nepHO)l.e )l(H3HH raH)l.H Mhl 3HaeM oqeHh
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n03TOMY OH HeOXOTHO rosopHT 0 BJIHSIHHH, OKa3aHHOM Ha
Hero aHrJIHHCKOH IJ;HBHJIH3au;Heii:. BnpoqeM, B qHc11e KHHr,
ChirpaBlliHX 60JihlI1YIO pOJih B YMCTBeHHOM pa3BHTHH raH-
)1.H, OH Ha3hrnaeT coqHHeHHSI PecKHHa. QqeHh 6onhmoe
sneqaT11eHHe, no ero cnosaM, Ha Hero npoH3BenH Cssi:ru;eH-
Hoe IlHcaHHe - H ToncToii:.
raH)l.H OKOHqHJI Kypc IOpH,ll.HqeCKOrO cpaKyJihTeTa, CTaJI
a)l.BOKaTOM H BepHyJICSI K ce6e Ha pO,ll.HHy, r,ll.e 3aHSIJICSI
npaKTHKOH, npeHMyru;eCTBeHHO no rpa)l()l.aHCKHM )1.eJiaM.
Bnocne,ll.CTBHH - MHoro no3)1.Hee - OH oTpeKcsi: Hascer,ll.a
OT a)l.BOKaTyphl H Ha3BaJI ee rpSI3HhIM, 6e3HpaBCTBeHHhIM
)1.eJIOM. Ho B MOJIO)l.hle rO,ll.hl raH)l.H 3aHHMaJICSI a,ll.BOKaTy-
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c11yqae, OH HMeJI HeMaJlhlH ycnex H B nopy CBOeii a)l.BOKaT-
CKOH )1.esi:TeJihHOCTH 3apa6aThrnan npaKTHKoii OT nsi:TH )1.0
meCTH ThlCSiq cpyHTOB CTepJIHHroB B ro,ll. - TaKOH 3apa6o-
TOK B IlapH)l(e, B EepJIHHe, B IleTep6ypre HMeJIH TOJlhKO
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MeHSIJI HeCKOJihKO csoeo6pa3Hhle npHeMhl, Ka)l(eTCSI, He
CJIHlliKOM pacnpocTpaHeHHhie B a)l.BOKaTcxoit cpe,ll.e. TaK,
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KO, HCCMOTpll ea '1pe3Bbl'l3HHO BelKJIHBblH TOH ecex ero KHHr, no npopbIBaJOIIUIMCll
OTACJibHbIM «j>paJaM HHOrAa JaMe'laeWb, 'ITO raeAH «caTaHy» ece-TaKH He mo6HT.

568
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qTo :no npaBHJIO npOH3BO)J;HJIO Ha KJIHeHTOB BeChMa 6na-
ronpHSITHOe BneqaTJieHHe. ~He COMHeBalOCh B CBH)J;eTeJib-
CTBe MaxaTMhI. 0.n;HaKo SI He peIIIHJICSI 6b1 nocoBeToBaTh
MOJIO)J;hIM IlOMOmHHKaM npHCSl:>KHOfO IlOBepeHHOfO CJie-
)J;OBaTh npHMepy raH)J;H. KnHeHThl 6hIBalOT pa3Hhie, H
B03MO:>KHO, qTo IlCHXOJIOfHSI HX B 11H)J;HH pe3KO OTJIHqaeT-
CSI OT TOH, KaKaSI 6hIJia B PoccHH. Ho SI 6010ch, qTo B
IleTep6ypre HJIH B IlapH:>Ke a.n;BoKaT, CMHpeHHO H npaB-
)J;HBO 3aSIBJISllOmHii KJIHeHTaM 0 CBOeM lOpH.n;HqecKOM He-
Be:>KeCTBe, He Mor 6bI c DOJIHOH yBepeHHOCThlO paccqHThl-
BaTb Ha oqeHh 6necTS1my10 Kaphepy.
ohIJia y 3Toro cTpaHHoro a.n;BoKaTa eme H .n;pyraS1
oco6eHHOCTh. EcnH Ha cy.n;e BO BpeMSI pa36HpaTeJihCTBa
.n;ena )J;OBO)J;hl npOTHBHOH CTOpOHhl HeO:>KH)J;aHHO ero nepe-
y6e:>K.r:i;aJIH, TO OH TOTqac TaK cy.n;y H 3aSIBJISIJI, qTo npOTHB-
HHK IlOKOJie6aJI ero y6e:>K.n;eHHe H qTO OH c npOTHBHHKOM
corJiaIIIaeTCSI. 3TO TO:>Ke, HaCKOJihKO MHe H3BeCTHO, npHeM
.n;oBOJihHO Heo6hlqHhiii B a.n;BoKaTcKoii npaKTHKe. He
3Ha10, npoH3BO)J;HJI JIH H OH qapy10mee BneqaTJieHHe Ha
KJIHeHTOB, HO Y:>K ero-TO SI HHKaK He peIIIHJICSI 6hl peKOMeH-
)J;OBaTb Haq11Ha10mHM a.n;BoKaTaM. BnpoqeM, TaKoii cny-
qaii )J;OJI:>KeH 6bIJI SIBJISIThCSI HCKJIJOqHTeJibHhIM, H60 raH)J;H
npHHHMaJI 10JlhKO COBepIIIeHHO qffCTbie .n;ena, npaBOTa
KOTOpbIX COMHeHHH He Bhl3bIBaJia.
IlOJIHTHKOH raH)J;H He 3aHHMaJicSI; B CB060)J;HOe BpeMSI
OH q11TaJI qmnoco<I>cKHe H penHrH03Hhie KHHrn. Oco6eHHOe
ero BHHMaHHe OCTaHaBJIHBaJIO .n;peBHee HH)J;HHCKOe yqeHHe
06 «axHMCe». CymHocTh 3Toro yqeHHSI 3aKJI10qaeTCS1 B
He.n;eJiaHHH 3Jia H B HenpOTHBJieHHH 3.)Iy HaCHJIHeM.

III.
B 1893 ro.n;y o.n;Ho HH.n;yccKoe ToproBoe npe.n;npHSITHe,
HMeBIIIee 6onhIIIoii cy.n;e6Hhiii npouecc B Ilpernp1111, npe.n;-
JIO:>KHJIO a.n;BOKaTy raH)J;H 6h1Th ero npe)J;CTaBHTeJieM H
BhiexaTh MSI 3TOro B lO:>KHYJO A<l>p11Ky. ,[(eno 6hlno q11-
CToe, YCJIOBHSI XOpOIIIHe. raH)J;H npHHSIJI npe)J;JIO:>KeHHe,
MeHee Bcero, BepOSITHO, npe.n;nonaraS1, qTo 3Ta noe3.n;Ka
nepeBepHeT BCIO ero :>KH3Hh H IlOJIO)l(HT HaqaJIO HOBOH
«Kapbepe», He6b1BaJIOH B HOBeiirneii HCTOpHH.

'Mahatma Gandhi at Work. His Own Story, p 117.

569
 3To 6hIJIO Ja HeCKOJihKO neT ao TpaHcBaanhcKoii Boii-
HhI c ee nereHaoii, o6neTesrneii sech MHp H Haaonro ero
B3BOJIHOBaBrneii: c rpy6oii BJiaCThlO Morym:ecTBeHHOro
HHOCTpaHHoro JaBoeBaTen.si 6oponc.si ManeHhKHH cso60-
aon106HBhIH repoHqecKHH Hapoa. CoqyscTBHe Bcero MHpa
6hIJIO Ha CTOpoHe 6ypoB. Ilo sceii BepO.sITHOCTH, y MHO-
rHx, OT BHnhreJihMa II ao Mopwca Iiappeca •, Hem1rnaaH-
Hoe pacnono:>KeHHe K cso6oaon106HBhIM 6ypaM 6hIJIO
o6opOTHOH CTOpOHOH HeKOTOporo HepacnoJIO:>KeHH.SI K
IipHTaHCKOH HMnepHH. Ho B noaaBn.si10m;eM 6onhlIIHHCTBe
CBOeM nepeaosoii l.UfBHJIH30BaHHhIH MHp coqyBCTBOBaJI
6ypaM TaK :>Ke HCKpeHHe, KaK rop.siqo ••. CxonhKO ao6po-
BOJihQeB H3 pa3HhIX CTpaH IlOlIIJIO cpa:>KaThC.sI 3a CB06oay
TpaHcsaanhcKoro Hapoaa!
Jlopa IiaiipoH, oTnpaBn.si.sich Ha BOHHY Ja cso6oay
rpel.UfH, IlOMHHJI 0 rpeqecKOM npOIIIJIOM; HO, eCTeCTBeH-
HO, OH He Mor npeJJ;BHJJ;eTh rpeqecKoe 6y~m:ee; ynpom;eH-
HO-CHMBOJIHqecKH CKa:>KeM, qTo IiaiipoH IlOMHHJI IlepHKJia
H He npeasMaen reHepana IlaHranoca. ~ He xoqy cKa3aTh
HHqero ~pHoro o reHepane IlaHranoce. Ho Ja Hero
IiaiipoH, sepo.siTHO, :>KH3HH He oTaan 6h1. MhlCJih o TOM,
qTo 3a BC.sIKHM TOp:>KeCTBeHHhIM npa3JJ;HHKOM MoryT Ha-
CTYilHTh sechMa npo3aHqecxHe 6yJJ;HH, - JJ;OBOJihHO npo-
cTa.si H ecTeCTBeHHa.sI MhICJih; OJJ;HaKO npHXOJJ;HT OHa c
Oil03JJ;aHHeM, JJ;a H He npHeMJieT ee OCB060JJ;HTeJihHhIH
3HTY3Ha3M. IihIJIO 6hl, pa3yMeeTc.si, oqeHh xopomo, ecnH
6hl )J;JI.sI Bhl.SICHeHH.sI CBOero OTHOlIIeHH.sI K TOH HJIH HHOH
OCB060JJ;HTeJibHOH BOHHe BC.SIKHH JJ;06poBOJieQ Mor 3apa-
Hee 3HaTh, qTo 6yJJ;eT JJ;enaTh nocne no6eJJ;hI cTpaHa, ocso-
6o:>KJJ;eHHa.si npH ero yqacTHH. Ho ocym;ecTBHTh 3TO Hener-
xo. BnpoqeM, eBponeiicKHM JJ;06poBOJihQaM, xpa6po cpa-
:>KaBlIIHMC.sI 3a CB06oJJ;y 6ypoB, nerqe 6hIJ10 npO.sIBHTh
HeKOTOpy10 OCMOTpHTeJihHOCTh, qeM 3a BOCeMbJJ;eC.SIT neT
JJ;O rnro nop~ IiaiipoHy.
B IO:>KHOH AcppHKe c JJ;aBHHx speMeH o6ocHOBanoch
OKOJIO 150 ThIC.Slq HHJJ:YCOB. Cso60JJ;OJil06HBbie 6yphl 06-
pam;aJIHCh c HHMH xy:>Ke, qeM aMepHKaHQhl 06pam:a10TC.SI c
HerpaMH B lO:>KHhIX o6naCT.six CoeJJ;HHeHHhIX IIITaTOB. 11H-
JJ:YChI B HaTane 6hIJIH noqTH 6yKBaJihHO Ha nono:>KeHHH
co6ax. Ho MOJIOJJ;hIM OTBa:>KHhIM n10JJ;.siM, cTexasrnHMC.si H3
pa3HhIX CTpaH EsponhI JJ;JI.SI 6oph6h1 Ja cso6oJJ;y 6ypcxoro

• 6appec Mopuc (1862-1923) - cjipaHuy3CKHii nucaTCJih. - flpuM. peiJ.

" 6h1JJH «nopaJKeHUbl» B TY nopy H B caMoii AHmHH. TaK, He6e3bl3BeCTHall
MHCC ro6ray3 (.QO'lh nop.Qa Keprnell) eJKe.QHeBHO MOnHJJach 6ory o HHcnocnaHHH
no6e.Qbl 6ypaM.

570
Hapo.n;a, 3TO o6CTO.HTeJihCTBO JierKO MOrJIO 6hITh Helf3-
BeCTHO - ecm1 o HeM He HMeJI HH MaJieiiruero npe,n:cTaB-
JieHH.si: HH,n:yc raH,n:H.
ToTtiac no npHe3,n:e B IOxrnyJO A<l>pHKY raH,n:H c na-
poxo.n:a oTnpaswnc.si: Ha BOK3aJI H JaH.si:JI MecTo B BaroHe.
Borue.n:ruwe B xyne 6yph1, H3YMJieHHhie TaKoii HarnocThJO
U.BeTHoro qeJioBexa, H36HJIH ero H Bh16pocHJIH 113 noe3,n:a
Ha noJIOTHO. OH oTnpaBHJIC.H B rocTHHHU.Y - OTTy,n:a ero
BhirHaJI X03.HHH, TO:>Ke nopa:>KeHHhIH HarJIOCThJO HH,n:yca.
,ll;n.si: «u.seTHhIX nw,n:eii» B HaTane ecTh oco6ble Tennyruxw
Ha :>KeJie3HhIX ,n:oporax H oco6ble HoqJie:>KKH B ropo,n:ax.
Eyph1 o6b.HCH.HJOT CBOH ,n:eiicTBH.H pa3HhIMH He,n:ocTaTKaMn
HH.n;ycoB, B qaCTHOCTH HX HH3KHM MopaJibHbIM ypoB-
HeM, - B OTHOllleHHH TaKOrO qeJIOBeKa, KaK raH,n:H, 3TO
o6b.HCHeHHe 3ByqnT oco6eHHO y6e,n:HTeJibHO.

,[(aJihHeiiruee 6hIJIO B TOM :>Ke po,n:e. IlepBOH MhICJihJO

raHJJ:H 6bIJIO HeMe,n:JieHHO yexaTb Ha3a,n: K ce6e Ha pOJJ:HHy.
Ho 3aTeM OH OT 3TOH MhICJIH OTKa3aJic.si:: raH,n:H peruHJI,
HanpoTHB, HaBcer.n:a ocTaTbC.H B lO:>KHoii A<t>pwxe, 6po-
CHTh CBOe ,n:eJIO, a.n;BOKaTypy B l1HJJ:HH, o6Iu.ecTBeHHOe
IIOJIO:>KeHHe H IlOCB.HTHTb BCJO :>KH3Hh OCB06o:>K,n:eHHJO a<t>-
pHKaHCKHX HHJJ:YCOB.
3TO Ha3bIBaeTC.H B 611orpa<t>11.si:x ,n:yxoBHbIM KpH3HCOM.
Kp11311c raH,n:H 6hIJI oco6eHHO rny6ox rroToMy, qTo eMy
rrpHllIJIOCh OrJI.HHYTbC.H H Ha ce6.si:, Ha BCJO CBOJO :>KH3Hh H
Ha co6cTBeHHoe oTeqecTBO. Eyph1 paccMaTpHBaJIH KaK
3Bepeii HH,n:ycoa. Ho Be.n;h H HHJJ:YChI paccMaTpHBaJIH KaK
3Bepeii CBOHX napHeB.

He 3HaJO, CTOHJIO JIM raH,n:H 60JibllIOro Tpy,n:a npH-

3HaTh napwes JIIOJJ:hMH. OH H Teneph cq11TaeT 3aKOHHhIM
.n:eneHHe MH,n:yccxoro Hapo.n:a Ha KaCThI, npwqeM .n:aeT 3TO-
MY B3rJI.si:.n;y ,n:oBOJihHO JaMhICJTOBaToe 11 6ecTOJIKOBoe o6b-
.si:cHeHwe. raH,n:H He oqeHb pa,n:HKaJieH H B HeKOTOpbIX
.n:pyrHX BOnpocax, OTHOC.HIIJ.HXC.H K TOH :>Ke HJIH CXOJJ:HOH
o6nacTH. Tax, HH,n:yccxwe MYCYJihMaHe B csoeii neqaTH c
TOp:>KeCTBeHHOH HaHBHOCTbJO, KOTOpa.si: OTJIHqaeT MH-
,llHJO·, MHoroxpaTHO cnparuwBaJIM MaxaTMy, Bhl,n:an JIH 6hl
OH cBoJO ,n:oqh Ja MycyJihMaHHHa, cornacwnc.si: JIH 6h1 oH
o6e,n:aTh c MYCYJihMaHHHOM Ja O.llHHM CTOJIOM H T. ,n:.
raH,n:H OTBeqaJI YKJIOHqHBO, npeHMyIIJ.eCTBeHHO B IlOJiyBo-

• HanOMHIO caTHpH'lecKHe H306pallCCHHll HH.llYCOB B 6JICCTHlll,HX poMaHax

XaKCJIH.

571
npoCHTeJihHOH <PopMe: «3a11eM JKe HenpeMeHHO o6e.n;aTh Ja
O.D;HHM CTOJIOM?» HJIH: «YJK 6y.n;To CMemaHHhie 6paKH
TaKHe C'laCTJIHBbie? .. » 3TH Mpa11Hble H.D;eOJIOrH'leCKHe BOn-
pOChl, 3TH XHTpbie OTBeTbl 6bIBiliero a.n;BOKaTa HeJibJH
'IHTaTh 6eJ YJihI6KH. Ha.n;o, noBTOpHIO, .n;eJiaTh nonpaBKY
Ha MH.n;HIO - MOJKeT 6h1Th, npHMOH OTBeT raH.D;H BhIJBaJI
6bl TaM peBOJIIOQHIO? JlaMapTHH CKaJaJI: «Ha.n;o OT.n;e-
JIHThCH OT Hapo.n;a, 'IT06hI .n;yMaTh, H Ha.n;o CJIHThCH c HHM,
11T06b1 .n;eiicTBOBaTh». KaK 6h1 TO HH 6bmo, y ce6H Ha
pO.D;HHe raH.D;H HBJIHeTCH B HaCTOHlI(ee BpeMH rJiaBHhIM
JalI(HTHHKOM napHeB. c 6oJibllIHM pHCKOM .D;JIH CBOeH
nonyJIHpHOCTH OH IlOHBHJICH B 1921 ro.n;y Ha KOHrpecce
«He'IHCThIX» H BJHJI Ha BOCilHTaHHe «He'IHCTYIO» .n;eBO'IKy.

Bonpoc 06 OTHomeHHH K 6ypaM H K napHHM 6Lm,

O.D;HaKO, TOJibKO 'laCTblO .n;ymeBHOrO KpHJHCa raH.n;H. Ile-
pe.n; HHM BCTaJia BCH npo6JieMa npaB.D;hl H HenpaB.D;hl B
MHpe. PemaJiacb oHa y Hero TporaTeJihHO-HaHBHO, cpaJy
no .n;ByM nepeKpelI(HBaIOlI(HMCH JIHHHHM. Ha.n;o 6Lmo 60-
poThCH c yrneTaTeJIHMH. Ha.n;o 6Lmo TaKJKe 6opoTbCH c
rpexoM B ce6e.
«TOJICTOH», - CKaJKeT 'IHTaTeJib. )].a, paJyMeeTCH, 6eJ
ToncToro J.n;ech He o6omJIOCh. JleB HHKOJiaeBH'I JKHJI B
rnymH, He 'IHTaJI raJeT H, KaJaJIOCb, HH 0 'leM npOHC-
XO.l:{HlI(eM B MHpe He JHaJI. B .n;eHCTBHTeJihHOCTH OH JaMe-
'laJI MHoroe TaKoe, 11ero coBepmeHHO He JaMe11aJIH JIIO.n;H,
ycep.n;Ho 'IHTaIOlI(He raJeThl. ToJICTOH 11yTh JIH He nepBhIH
o6paTHJI BHHMaHHe Ha raH.n;H. y ce6H B RCHOH IloJIHHe
OH He 'IHTaJI «Pe'IH» H «PyccKoro CJIOBa», HO 'IHTaJI
«Indian Opinion» - JIHCTOK, HJ.n;aBaBmHHCH no-aHrJIHH-
CKH B IlpeTopHH HHKOMY He Be.l:{OMbIM MOJIO.l:{hIM HH.n;y-
COM! TOJICTOH HaIIHCaJI raH.D;H IIHChMO, B KOTOpOM ero
060.n;pHJI H O'leHb CO'IYBCTBeHHO OTJbIBaJICH 0 ero BJrJIH-
.n;ax. 3aBHJaJiaCh OJKHBJieHHaH nepeIIHCKa, HaCKOJibKO MHe
HJBeCTHO, OHa .n;o CHX nop He ony6JIHKOBaHa (nocne.n;Hee
IIHCbMO K raH.n;H HaIIHCaHO ToJICTbIM Ja .n;Ba MeCHQa .n;o
ero KOH'IHHbI).
B 1904 ro.n;y raH.l:{H OCHOBaJI B6JIHJH .LJ:yp6aHa JeMJie-
.n;eJib'leCKYIO KOJIOHHIO, HaJBaHHYIO HM <«l>epMa ToncTo-
r0>>. 0Ha cylI(eCTByeT H .n;o CHX nop. 3To .l:{OBOJibHO THIIH'l-
HaH TOJICTOBCKaH KOJIOHHH pyccKoro o6paJQa 90-x ro.n;oB.
Ho KOJIOHHH 3Ta B Te'leHHe MHOrHX JieT 6hIJia IIOJIHTH'lec-
KHM QeHTpoM raH.n;HcTcKoro .n;BHJKeHHH. Ha <«l>epMe ToJI-
croro» coJ.n;anacb Hhrne CTOJih JHaMeHHTaH CaTuarpaxa.
EopL6a Ja ocBo6oJK.n;eHHe, 6opL6a c rpexoM. IloHHMa-

572
 HHe rpexa y raH,n:H 6bIJIO noqTlf TO )Ke CaMOe, KOTOpOe B
caoe BpeM.si: HeCKOJihKO Ha,n:oeno y TOJICTOBu,ea. OH onpo-
CTHJICSI. no ero C06CTBeHHOMY Bbipa)KeHHIO, OH «OCB060-
.ll:HJ1CSI OT pa6CTBa npaqeqHoH H U,HplOJibHHKa»: HHbIMH
CJIOBaMH, HaqaJI CaM CTHpaTb CBOe 6enhe H CTpH'lb Ha ce6e
BOJIOCbl. raH,n:H OTKa3aJICSI OT BCeX npe)KHHX y,n:o6CTB H
CTaJI )KHTb Ha TPH <l>YHTa cTepnwHroB B Mecsi:u,. 0TKa3ancsi:
OH H OT cynpy)KeCKOH )Klf3HH. McTOpHSI ero OTHOIUeHHH c
)KeHOH 3aHMMaeT B BOCilOMMHaHMSIX raH,n:M CeMb CTpaHHIJ,.
Jl:yMaIO, qTO B IlOJIMTMqecKOH KHHre IlOJIHTHqecKoro .n:esi:-
TeJISI no.n:o6HaSI rJiaBa SIBJISleTCSI COBeprneHHO 6ecnpHMep-
HOH, - ee KaCaTbCSI SI He 6y.n:y, XOTSI raH,n:H caM no.n:apHJI
:ny TeMy aceM aecenhqaxaM MHpa. OT «y6oHHhI» OH
OTKaJaThCSI He Mor, w6o He en ee H npe)K,n:e. Ho co apeMeHH
CBOero KpH3HCa H DO CeH ,n:eHb raH,n:H IlHTaeTCSI TOJibKO
<l>PYKTaMM H K03bHM MOJIOKOM (K03a He CBSIIIJ,eHHOe )KlfBO-
THOe), npuqeM onsi:Tb-TaKM OH oqeHh no.n:po6Ho paccKaJan,
KaK OTpa)KalOTCSI <l>PYKTbl H MOJIOKO Ha ero 6opb6e c
)KeHCKMM co6na3HOM. ToncToii? Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, Ton-
CTOH 6e3 ero orpoMHoro yMa, 6e3 ero qyThSI H noHHMaHMSI
)Klf3HM H B,n:o6aBOK 6e3 BCSIKOro qyBCTBa lOMOpa.
DblTb MO)KeT, raH,n:M XOTeJI no,n:eHCTBOBaTb Ha CBOH
Hapo.n: npwMepoM npaae,n:HOH )KH3HM? <PpaHKJIMHa cnpocu-
nu: «KaKoe CBOHCTBO Bcero none3Hee IlOJIMTlfqecKOMY
.n:esi:Ten10?» OH OTBeTun: «Bw,n:MMOCTh nponoae,n:HMKa».
y)K He 3Hal0, 6hIJ1 JIH 3TO npOCTO.ll:YlllHbIH HJIH IJ,HHMqHbIH
OTBeT. raH,n:M e,n:Ba JIM oqeHb ,n:yMaJI 0 BM.ll:MMOCTM. no
KHMraM ero BbIXO.ll:HT KaK-TO TaK, qTo, 6opS1Cb c rpexoM
BHYTPM ce6si:, OH 3THM B caMOM .n:ene HaHocun TSl)KKMe
y.n:apb1 yrnernTeJisi:M-6ypaM. Ero 6oph6a c 6ypaMM cae-
nach K MHTHHraM npoTeCTa, K MHpHbIM MaHH<f>ecTaIJ,MSIM,
K «HeyqacTMIO B JJie» 6e3 npoTMBJieHMSI JJIY HacwnueM. B
COBOKYDHOCTH c «CaMOCOBeprneHCTBOBaHHeM» 3TO H co-
CTaBHJIO raH,n:HcTcKoe yqeHwe o CaTwarpaxe (Satia-gra-
ha - npaa.n:a-cwna).
raH,n:H HeCKOJibKO pa3 H36HBaJIH .ll:O IlOJIYCMepTH, He-
CKOJibKO pa3 Ca)KaJIH B TIOpbMy. OH npOSIBJISIJI HCTHHHO
)KeJie3HYIO BOJIIO H <f>aHaTuqecKOe ynopCTBO - B oco6eH-
HOCTH B OTKa3e OT Hacunusi:. BHe CaTuarpaxu He 6hIJIO
cnaceHwsi:. raH,n:w c TOH nophI Hwqero HOBoro He npu.n:y-
MaJI. OH Tenepb 6opeTCSI c aHrnwqaHaMH ToqHo TaK )Ke,
KaK Tpw,n:u,aTb neT HaJa,n: 6oponcsi: c 6ypaMH. He,n:aBHO ero
cnpocwnw, qTo OH 6y,n:eT .n:enaTb, ecnw nocne yxo.n:a aHrJIH-
qaH Ha MH,n:HIO Hana,n:yT ,n:MKHe rwManaiicKwe nneMeHa, OT
KOTOpbIX Tenepb ee oxpaHSleT aHrnHHCKOe opy)l(Me. raH,n:H

573
 OTBeTHJI, 'ITO 6y,n:eT H c 3THMH HOBhlMH 3aBOeBaTemlMH
6opoThCSI nocpe,n:cTBOM CaTHarpaxH, He yqacTBYSI B 3Jie,
HO H He npOTHBSICh eMy HaCHJIHeM.
JlIO,D;RM, IlO)l(HMaIOmHM nJietJaMH npH BH,D;e TaKOH no-
JIHTH'leCKOH TaKTHKH, MaxaTMa c rop,n:ocThIO yxa3bIBaeT,
'ITO B IO)l(HOH Ac}>pHKe OH 3TOH TaKTHKOH ,n:o6HJICSI ycnexa.
Tax EpHaH B xaqecTBe 6JiecTstmero pe3yJihTaTa ,n:estTeJih-
HOCTH JlHrH HaQHH HeH3MeHHO npHBO.D:HT 6JiaronoJiy•moe
pa3perneHHe rpexo-6oJirapcxoro xoHc}>mrxTa (6010ch, 'ITO
B CBeTe HOBbIX co6bITHH 3TOT ,D;OBO,D; CKOpo nepecTaHeT
npOH3BO,D;HTh noTpS1ca10mee BnetJaTJieHHe). 11 ,n:eHCTBHTe-
JlhHO, nocJie ,n:oJirHx JieT CaTHarpaxH reHepaJI CMeTc OT-
MeHHJI ,n:expeT, oco6eHHO ocxop6JIS1BllIHH HH,n:ycos. Mo)l(-
HO, o.n;Haxo, c HeKoTopoii ysepeHHOCThIO YTBep)l(,n:aTh, 'ITO
CaTHarpaxa soo6me 3,n:ecb HMeJia He CJIHilIKOM 6oJihllIOe
3HatJeHHe, a BHyTpeHHee caMOCOBepllleHCTBOBaHHe - poB-
HO HHKaKoro. K OCB060)1(,D;eHHIO OT «pa6cTBa npaqetJHOH
H QHpIOJihHHKa», K c}>pyKTOBOH ,D;HeTe raH,D;H, K ero 6ec-
npeCTaHHhlM IlOCTaM, K ero OTHOllleHHSIM c )l(eHOH 6yph1
6hIJIH, HaBepHoe, BnOJIHe paBHO.D:YllIHhI. Ocxop6HTeJihHhIH
,n:expeT 6bIJ1 OTMeHeH no CaMbIM pa3Hh1M npH'IHHaM: no-
TOMY 'ITO Ja ,n:Ba.n;QaTh JieT ecTeCTBeHHhIH noJIHTH'leCKHH
npoQecc Mor cKa3aThCSI H 6e3 CaTHarpaxH; noToMy 'ITO
BetJHbie MaHHc}>ecTaQHH HH.D:YCOB, ,n:aJieKO He Bcer.n:a 6ec-
KpOBHhie, BOnpeKH BOJie raH,D;H, 6eCilOKOHJIH 6ypCKOe npa-
BHTeJibCTBO; IlOTOMY 'ITO B caMOH 11H,D;HH H3-3a ac}>pHKaH-
CKHX co6bITHH HatJaJIHCh BOJIHeHHSI, HenpHSITHbie aHrJIH-
tJaHaM; noToMy 'ITO reHepaJI CMeTc 6hIJI He,n:ypHoJ.i H
He3JIOH tJeJIOBeK; IlOTOMy, HaKOHeQ, 'ITO eBponeHCKaSI ne-
tJaTh, XOTh H 6e3 oco6oH: ropst'IHOCTH (.n:eno .n:anexoe),
o6paTHJia BHHMaHHe Ha HeBhlHOCHMOe IlOJIO)l(eHHe HH.D:YCOB
B IO)l(HOH Ac}>pRxe: B qacTHOCTH, H aHr JIHHCKHe ra3eThI H
aHrJIHHCKOe npaBHTeJihCTBO BeChMa pa,n:hl 6hIJIH npH cny-
qae - B caMOH JiaCKOBOH c}>opMe - npOHTHCh no a,n:pecy
6ypoB, nnaMeHHOe CB060,n:on106He KOTOpbIX ,D;OCTaTO'IHO
,n:oporo o6ollIJIOCh BenHxo6pHTaHmL
,LJ;o6aBJIIO, 'ITO «no6e.n:a» 6blJia, IlO-BH,D;HMOMy, .n:aneKO
He nonHoJ.i. He 6epych cxa3aTh, xaxoBa Tenepb )l(H3Hh
HaTaJihCKHX HH.D:YCOB. IlOCJie no6e,n:bl raH,D;H BepHyJICSI B
11H,D;HIO; c Tex nop npOilIJIO MHOro JieT. 0.n;HaKO B CBOeH
nocne,n:HeH KHHre MaxaTMa BCKOJih3h, OtJeHb KpaTKO, 3a-
MetJaeT, 'ITO noJIO)l(eHHe HH,n:ycoB B AcppHKe B nocne,n:HHe
rO,D;hl OilSITh CTaJIO Xy)l(e. raH,D;H ,D;OBOJihHO rnyxo 06'bSIC-
HSleT ero yxy,n:rneHHe TeM, 'ITO cpe,n:H caMHX ac}>pHKaHCKHX
HH,n:ycoB otJeHh ocJia6eJia CaTHarpaxa. He 3HaIO, 'ITO HMeH-

574
HO :no 3Haq1n. Ho, no-BH.lJ.HMoMy, no yqeHHIO MaxaTMhI,
.zi;mr coxpaHeHHSI :meMeHTapHhIX qenoseqecrrnx npas B A<P-
pHKe Hyxrna BeCbMa 60JihlliaSI II IlOCTOSIHHasr .lJ.OJISI o6me-
HapO.lJ.HOH CBSITOCTH. KaK xoporno, qTo B Espone Tpe6osa-
HHSI He TaK BhlCOKH!

IV.
TeM speMeHeM co3.zi;asanach nereH.zi;a. B 11H.lJ.HIO .zi;asHo
npOHHK cnyx 0 TOM, qTO IlOSIBHJICSI qeJIOBeK (qeJioBeK JIH?),
se.zi;ymuii CBSITYIO )l(lf3Hh H 3aI11HI11aIOI11HH OT yrnernTeJieH
6e,ZJ;HhIH HH.lJ.YCCKHH Hapo.zi;. JlereH.zi;a Kpenna c Ka)l(.lJ.hlM
,ZJ;HeM. PocT ee MHe HeITOHSITeH, II SI, KOHeqHo, He 6epych
C,ZJ;eJiaTb ero ITOHSITHhlM qifTaTeJISIM. )l;eno npOHCXO.lJ.HT B
TaHHCTBeHHOH cTpaHe, s cTpaHe qy.zi;ec. CKa)l(y TOJihKO,
qTo qy.zi;eca HaqHHalOT npHITHChIBaTh II CaMOMY raH,ZJ;H: OH
HCl.l,eJisreT 60JihHhlX II BOCKpernaeT MepTBhIX. Ilo peJIHfH03-
HOMY yqeHHIO HH.zi;ycos, BHrnHy, Bhicrnee 6o)l(ecrno Bce-
neHHoii Hapsr.zi;y c EpaMoii H IIIHBOH, HeCKOJihKO pa3 son-
nomancsr Ha 3eMJie - s BH.lJ.e ph16hl, qepenaxH, Ka6aHa,
JihBa, KapJIHKa, reposr, EyMhI, Bora KpHrnHy. BepyIOI11He
HH.lJ.YChl )l(.lJ.YT HOBOfO 3eMHOfO BOITJIOI11eHHSI BHrnHy.
r.zi;e ITOSIBHJIHCh BnepBbie KapTHHhl, H306pa')KalOIUHe
raH.lJ.H B BH,ZJ;e Bora? .51 3TOro He 3Hal0. 3a6erasr HeCKOJlhKO
Bnepe.zi;, CKa)l(y, qTo JieT .zi;eCSITh TOMY Ha3a.lJ. KYJihT raH.lJ.H
B CTpaHe c rneCTOH qacThlO HaceJieHHSI scero MHpa .lJ.OCTHr
HaHBhICrnero npe.zi;ena. B TY nopy )l(lf3Hh HH.zi;ycos 6bma
oco6eHHO TSI)l(eJia, II COTHSIMH MHJIJIHOHOB JIIO,ZJ;eH TOqHo
osna.zi;eno HCCTynneHHe. «B .n.eKa6pe 1921 ro.n.a, - roso-
pHT 6Horpa<}l, - HauHoHaJihHhIH KOHrpecc sceii 11H.UHH
.UaJI raH.UH ITOJIHYIO BJiaCTh, nepe.n.aJI eMy CBOH npasa C
npaBOM Ha3HaqHTh ce6e II npeeMHHKa». raH.UH CTaHOBHT-
CSI 6eccnopHhIM snacTeJIHHOM HH.Uyccxoro Hapo.n.a. OH
MO)l(eT BhI3BaTh noJIHTuqecxyIO peBOJIIOUHIO. OH MO)l(eT,
ecnu 3axoqeT, ocymecTBHTh penurno3HYIO pe<}lopMy.
11H.n.yccKaSI HHTeJlJIHreHl.l,HSI He cquTaJia raH.lJ.H EoroM;
HO H OHa OT,ZJ;aBaJia .ll.OJI)l(HOe ero CBSITOH )l(H3HH, ero
6e33aBeTHOH :meprHH II HCKJlJOquTeJlhHhlM KaqecTBaM,
KOTOphie, KOHeqno, H cnopos Bhl3hIBaTb He MoryT. B
1922 ro.uy Ha CBH.lJ.aHHe c raH.lJ.H B ArnpaM npH6hlJ1
caM Pa6uH.zi;paHaT Tarop. OH He pa3.n.ensrn s3rnsr.zi;os
HOBOfO npopoxa, O.lJ.HaKo OTHOCHJlCSI K HeMy c qpe3Bhl-
qaifHhlM noqTeHHeM.
575
 B .npeBHeii KHHre YnaHmua.n ecTb CTHX o BhICIIIeM
cBeTJIOM cymecTBe, pa3yM H cep,nQe xoToporo - ,npa-
roQeHHhIH .nap mo,n.HM. MM.H 3TOMY cymecTBy - MaxaT-
Ma (BeJIHKa.H ,nyIIIa). B MH,nHH, no-BHAHMoMy, mofon
npo3BHma - Pa6HH,npaHaT Tarop, HanpHMep, HOCHT
HM.H rypy,neBa (IIO'ITeHHbIH Y'IHTeJib). YBH,neB raH,nH,
3HaMeHHTblH II03T BOCTOp)l<eHHO IIpOH3Hec YIIOM.HHYTbIH
BhIIIIe CTHX H3 YnaHHIIIa,n. CJioBo MrHoBeHHO pacnpo-
CTpaHHJIOCh no AIIIpaMy, OTTy,na no MHAHH, oTTy,na,
no3,nHee, no BCeM MHPY.
MHCTepa raH,nH 60JihIIIe He 6bIJIO.
obIJI MaxaTMa.

v.
,[(e.HTeJibHOCTb raH,nH B MH,nHH CBeJiaCb, rJiaBHblM o6-
pa30M, K 6oph6e c aHrmr:HCKHM npaBHTeJibCTBOM 3a
«Swaraj» (caMoynpaBJieHHe). Heo6hIKHOBeHHO nonym1p-
Ha.H HCTOpH'leCKa.H <lJopMa CBapa_n)l<a ropa3,nO KOpoqe, 'leM,
HaIIpHMep, «Yqpe,nHTeJibHOe co6paHHe Ha OCHOBe BCeo6-
mero, paBHoro, np.srMoro H TaiiHoro H36HpaTeJibHoro npa-
Ba»; 3aTO OHa H 3Ha'IHTeJibHO MeHee onpe,neJieHHa. 0,nHH
IIOHHMaJIH no.n CBapa,n)l<eM IIIHpOKYJO aBTOHOMHIO MH-
AHH, .npyrne - npaBa AOMHHHOHa, TpeTbH - IIOJIHOe
OT,neJieHue OT BpHTaHCKOH HMIIepuH (aHfJIH'laHe Haxo,n.SIT,
'ITO MH,nH.sr, co6cTBeHHO, y)l<e HMeeT cBapa_n)IC). Mo)l<eT
6hITh, HMeHHO BCJie,nCTBHe CBOeii Heonpe,neJieHHOCTH CJIO-
BO u c,neJiaJio 6Jiecrnmy10 xapbepy. Ha HeM cxo,nHJIHCh Bee
HH,nyccKHe napTHH. Cnop Me)IC_ny HHMH IIIeJI npeHMymecT-
BeHHO o cnoco6ax 6oph6h1 Ja ocBo6o)IC,neHHe.
M cnop, H 6oph6a Ha'laJIHCh ,noBOJihHO ,naBHO. MHpo-
Ba.H BoiiHa qpe3BhI'laiiHo Bee ocJIO)ICHHJia. Cpe,nH HH-
,nyccKoii HHTeJIJIHfeHQHH MHeHH.Sl pa3,neJIHJIHCb, HO OT-
HlOAb He no QMMMepBaJih,ncxoii JIHHHH. Ha TOM, 'ITO
BOeBaTb MH,nuu Ha.no, cxo,nHJIHCh JIJO,nu pa3Horo xpyra
MhICJieii. Bonpoc 6bIJI: c KeM BOeBaTb? (TaK npH6JIH3H-
TeJibHO Bonpoc cTaBHJic.sr eme H B IloJibIIIe). B MH,nHH
qacTh HHTeJIJIMreHQHH pa3peIIIHJia BOIIpoc HeMe,nJieHHO H
Tpa,nHQMOHHo: pa3yMeeTc.sr, BOeBaTb Ha.no c AHrJIHeii -
6oJiee 6JiaronpH.SITHOfO BpeMeHH .nm1 3TOro 6bITb He MO-
)l<eT. M B caMoM ,neJie, HMnepaTop BHJihreJibM CTaJI B
1914 ro.ny .srpblM CBapa,n)ICHCTOM; repMaHCKHH reHepaJih-
HblH IIITa6 npe,nJiaraJI BC.SIKYJO IIOMOmh HHAYCCKHM peB0-
576
 JIIOl(HOHepaM. c HHMH o6cy)K,n:aJICSI .n:a)Ke Borrpoc 06 OT-
npaBKe B 11H.LJ:HIO He60JibIIIOro HeMel(KOro .n:ecaHTa.
0.n:HaKO rpoMa,n:Hoe 6oJiblIIHHCTBO HH.LJ:YCOB rrpH3HaJIO,
'ITO BOeBaTb HY)KHO c HeMQaMH. Ilocne coKpyIIIeHHSI rep-
MaHcKoro MHJIHTapH3Ma Ha'IHeTCSI HOBaSI 3pa CB06o,n:hI
.LJ:JISI Bcex Hapo.n:oB MHpa. Il03TOMY Ha.n:o 3a6bITb cqeThl c
6pHTaHCKHM npaBHTeJibCTBOM H BJIHTbCSI BCeH CHJIOH B
.n:eno COI03HHKOB. CBapa.n:)K 6y,n:eT .n:o6hIT BMecTe c o6mHM
6naro.n:eHCTBHeM qeJioBe'leCTBa B EepJIHHe (no 6onee Kpo-
BO)Ka,n:Hoii cpopMyne: «Ha pa3BaJIHHax EepnHHa»). XHTpb1e
HH.LJ:YCCKHe noJIHTHKH, o.n:HaKO, Tpe6oBaJIH rapaHTHH: «Hy)K-
HO, 'IT06 6pHTaHCKOe npaBHTeJibCTBO o6emano» H T . .n:.
EpHTaHcKoe npaBHTeJihCTBO o6emaJio. 0Ho Boo6me He
cKynHnocb Ha o6emaHHSI Bo BpeMsi MHpoBoii BOHHhI (KaK,
Bnpo'leM, H .n:pyrHe npaBHTeJihCTBa). 0Ho o6emaJio Poc-
CHH KoHcTaHTHHonoJih, MycyJihMaHaM - noJIHYIO HenpH-
KOCHOBeHHOCTh xaJIHcpaTa, CHOHHCTaM - eBpeHCKHH Ha-
l(HOHaJibHbIH .LJ:OM B IlaJieCTHHe H MHOrHM .n:pyrHM MHOroe
.n:pyroe. B 11H.LJ:HH Hapsi.n:y c cpH3H'leCKH cJia6hIMH, noqTH
He6oecnoco6HhIMH Hapo.n:aMH ecTh nJieMeHa, npe.n:cTaB-
nsi10mtte co6oi1: npeBOCXO.LJ:HbIH 6oeBOH MaTepHaJI: CHKXH,
HanpHMep, no o6meMy OT3hIBY cneQHaJIHCTOB, nptttta.n:-
Jie)KaT K JIY'IIIIHM COJI,n:aTaM MHpa (HX Ha 3ana,n:HOM cppoH-
Te IlOCbIJiaJIH Ty,n:a, r.n:e nOSIBJISIJiaCb npyccKaSI rnap.n:Hsi).
EpHTaHcKoe npaBHTeJibCTBO c noJIHOH roTOBHOCThIO o6e-
mano 11H.LJ:HH cBapa.n:)K. TpaHcnopTbI c HH,n:yccKHMH Boiic-
KaMH norrJibIJIH o,n:HH 3a .n:pyrnM B EBporry.
B MapTe 1918 ro,l(a n10.l(eH.l(Opcp rrpopBaJI aHrJIHHCKHH
cppoHT y Appaca. 2 arrpensi nnoi1:.l( ,[l;)l(Op.l()I( ony6JIHKOBaJI
«B033BaHHe K HH.l(yccKoMy Hapo.l(y». Bo33BaHHe 6b1JI0
CTOJib )Ke Heorrpe,l(eJieHHOe, CKOJib ropsiqee; HH.l(YCCKaSI
KOHcpepeHl(HSI B ,[l;enH HCTOJIKOBaJia ero TaK: «.l(aHTe COJI-
.l(aT H IlOJIY'IHTe He3aBHCHMOCTb». IlpaB,l(a, «.n:ai1:Te COJI-
,l(aT» - 3TO 6bJJIO HacTosimee BpeMSI, a «nonyqHTe He3a-
BHCHMOCTb» - 6y.l(ymee. Ho 11H.l(HSI c 3HTY3Ha3MOM OT-
BeTHJia Ha B033BaHHe HOBbIM MaCCOBbIM Ha6opoM .n:o-
6pOBOJibl(eB. B o6mei1: CJIO)l(HOCTH OHa nocnaJia Ha 3ana.l(-
HbJH cppOHT BOCeMbCOT TbJCSI'I COJI,l(aT· (He C'IHTaSI qeTbl-
pexcoT TbJCSI'I BOeHHbIX pa60'IHX), H 3TO o6oIIIJIOCb eii B
CTO nSITb,L(eCSIT MHJIJIHOHOB cpyHTOB CTepJIHHroB.
,[l;yIIIOIO 3TOro ,l(eJia 6hIJI raH,l(H. Boi1:Ha BCilbIXHYJia
KaK pa3 TOr,l(a, KOr.l(a OH npH6bJJI B AHrnHIO nocJie CBOeH

• Sir Thomas W. Holderness. India Arduous Journey, p. 315. - Ilo HH·

.!IYCCKHM HCTO'IHHKaM, 'IHCJIO COJI.!laT, OTnpasJieHHblX 11H.!1Heii B Espony, 6blJIO eiue
60JILWHM: 985 TblCll'I.

577
no6e.uh1 B IOxrnoii A<}>pHKe. OH y6e.um1 )l(HBllIHX B JloH-
.UOHe HH.Uycoa B TOM, 'ITO .UOJir npe.unHChIBaeT HM npHH.SITh
yqacTHe B BOHHe Ha CTOpOHe aHrJIH'laH, H caM CTaJI BO
rJiaBe BCnOMOraTeJihHOro caHHTapHoro OTpsr.ua, - Bnpo-
'leM, TSl)l(eJia51 6oJie3Hh 3aCTaBHJia ero BepHyThCSI B 11H.UHIO
y)l(e B .ueKa6pe 1914 ro.ua. HecKOJihKO n03.UHee y Hero
B03HHKJIH nOJIHTH'leCKHe COMHeHH51: ra3eThl coo6mHJIH,
'ITO Me)l(.uy AHrJIHeii H 11TaJIHeii 3aKJIIO'leH TaHHhIH .uo-
roBop. 3TO O'leHb orop'IHJIO raH,UH: eCJIH ,UOrOBOp TaH-
HhIH, TO, MO)l(eT 6bITh, B HeM eCTb 'ITO-JIH60 .uypHOe HJIH
CBOeKOpbICTHoe? OH no.ueJIHJICSI CBOHMH COMHeHHSIMH c
BHQe-KoponeM 11H.UHH. BHQe-Koponh coBepllleHHO ero yc-
ITOKOHJI.
Mo)l(HO, KOHe'IHO, H no ceii .ueHh cnopHTh, KaKa51
TaKTHKa B nopy BOHHhl HaH6onee COOTBeTCTBOBaJia HH-
TepecaM HH.UYCCKoro Hapo.ua. c
o6meii, eBponeHCKOH
H MHpOBOH, TO'IKH 3peHH51, npaBHJibHOH 6bIJia COI03HaSI
opHeHTaQHSI. Ilo:>Kanyii, oHa 6bma npaBHJihHa H c qa-
CTHOH, HH.UYCCKOH, TO'IKH 3peHH51 - XOT51 6bI y:>Ke nOTOMy,
'ITO ee npOTHBHHKH, KaK IlHJICY.UCKHH, «ITOCTaBHJIH Ha
npoHrpaBllIYIO JIOllla,Ub». Ho, BO BCSIKOM cnyqae, c TO'IKH
3peHHSI CaMOfO raff.UH If ero peJIHrH03HO-<}>HJIOCO<}>CKOfO
yqeHH51, Bee, 'ITO OH .uenaJI B nopy MHpOBOH BOHHhl,
6hIJIO 'IHCTelimeii 6ecCMbICJIHQeH HJIH .ua:>Ke HeKOTOpbIM
rro.uo6HeM HHTeJIJieKTyanhHOro caMoy6HHCTBa. HenpoTH-
BJieHHe 3JIY HaCHJIHeM He CJIHllIKOM npHMeHSIJIOCh B EB-
pone B 1914--1918 ro.uax. Boo6me Carnarpaxa TYT 6b1Jia
COBepllleHHO HH npH 'leM.
BnocJie,UCTBHH raff.UH o6o5ICH5IJI CBOH .ueiiCTBHSI TeM,
'ITO OH B TY nopy ce651 llYBCTBOBaJI rpa:>K,naHHHOM BenH-
Ko6pHTaHHH. Ilo3.UHee, no ero cnoBaM, OH YBH.UeJI, 'ITO
OllIH6c51: HH.UYChI He rpa:>K.uaHe, a napHH EpHTaHcKoii HM-
nepHH. «MOH rJia3a OTKpbIJIHCh», - ITHCaJI raff.UH qepe3
TPH ro.ua nocne OKOH'laHH51 BOHHhI H nocne Toro, KaK
aHrJIHHCKOe npaBHTeJibCTBO pa3o5ICHHJIO, 'ITO 11H.UHSI, co-
6CTBeHHO, y:>Ke HMeeT CBapa.u:>K If 'ITO, K CO:>KaJieHHIO, no
pa3HbIM o6CT051TeJihCTBaM HH'lero 6oJibllle c.uenaTh B Ha-
CT05Ill(ee BpeMSI HeJih351·.
Tenepb 3TO y raH.UH 6oJibHOe MeCTO, B KOTOpoe HeH3-
MeHHO ThI'IYT ero BparH. 0HH Haxo.usrT, 'ITO rna3a MaxaT-
MhI OTKpblJIHCh HeCKOJibKO n03.UHee, 'leM MO:>KHO 6hIJIO 6hI
)l(eJiaTh. «3a'leM MhI Boo6me cyHyJIHCh B MHpoByIO Boii-

' tlep'IHJIJib eme Ha lUlllX cKaJaJI, 'ITO AHrnH11 o6emana lfH.UHH He npaea
,!IOMHHHOHa, a TOJlbKO 0,!IHHaKOBblH c .!IOMHHHOHaMH DO'leT.

578
 Hy? - cnparmrnaIOT Bpan1 raH.LJ;H. - HaM ee HCTOJIKO-
BaJia IlO-CBOeMy HaIIml, He IlOJih3YIOIIIaSJ.CSI. penyTaIIHeH
60JihllIOH npSl.MOThl H HCKpeHHOCTH, H Mhl c,n;ypy npHHSl.JIH
aHrJIHHCKYIO BepcHIO BOHHhI. Mh1 nornJIH BoeBaTh c HeM-
IIaMH, KOTOphie HaM HHKaKOfO 3Jia He c,n;eJiaJIH, IlOIIIJIH
Bhipy'IaTh aHfJIH'laH, OT KOTOphlX HHKor,n;a He BH,LJ;eJIH
HH'lero, KpoMe 3Jia».
IlpOTHBHHKH raH,LJ;H yKa3hIBaJIH H Ha TO, 'ITO OilhlT
MHpOBOH BOHHhl 6bIJI B ero ,n;esi.TeJihHOCTH He nepBhIM: B
nopy TpaHcBaaJihCKOH BOHHhI OH TaKlKe CTOSJ.JI 3a aHrJIH-
'laH, XOTSI. npH3HaBaJI, 'ITO npaBO Ha CTOpOHe 6ypoB. flo
MHeHHIO ran,n;H, Hll.LJ;YCOB O,LJ;MHaKOBO yrHeTaJIM H 6yphl, M
aHfJIM'laHe; O,LJ;HaKO MH.LJ;YChl ,LJ;OJI)l(Hhl 6bIJIH npe,n;BapMTeJih-
HO nonhITaThCSJ. y6e,n;MTh AHrJIMIO, 'ITO ei1 He cJie,n;yeT
BOeBaTh c 6ypaMM; a TaK KaK OHM 3TOfO He c,n;eJiaJIH, TO,
KaK rpa)l(,LJ;aHe I>p1!TaHCKOH MMnepMM, OHM o6si.3aHhl M T. ,n;.
nhIJIH y Hero H ,n;pyrne ,n;oBO.LJ;hI - si. npMBO)l(Y HaH6oJiee
xapaKTepHhIH. 11 Tor,n;a, KaK Teneph, noJIHTM'lecKasi. ,n;MaJie-
KTHKa raH,LJ;M y eBponettIIeB ,LJ;OJI)l(Ha fihIJia Bhl3hIBaTh He-
KOTOpOe 'IYBCTBO HeJIOBKOCTM - 3a ce6si. MJIM 3a Hero, 3TO
y)I( Ka)l(.LJ;hIH pernHT no-cBoeMy. Bnpo'IeM, cchIJIKa BparoB
Ha TO, 'ITO raH,LJ;H 06MaHhIBaJIH M npe)l(,LJ;e, ero HMKaK
CMYTMTh He MOrJia 6hr: OH caM nHCaJI, 'ITO CTOpOHHMK
CaTMarpaxM ,n;OJI)l(eH M B ,n;Ba,n;u:aTh nepBhIH pa3 noBepHTh
'leJioBeKy, o6MaHyBrneMy ero ,n;Ba,n;u:aTh pa3. I>y,n;eM Ha-
,n;esi.Thcsi., 'ITO y)I( B ,n;Ba,n;u:aTh BTopoi1 pa3 MaxaTMY He
o6MaHyT, - ecmi B006IIIe 3,D;eCh MO)l(HO fOBOpHTh 06
o6MaHe. KaK 6hr HM 6hIJIO, cnop MH,n;ycoB o npornJioro,n;-
Hei1 opHeHTaU:HM Hae B006IIIe MaJIO HHTepecyeT. Ba)l(Hee
MOpaJihHO-QlMJIOCOQlCKaSI. ,n;paMa CaMOfO raH,LJ;H. 0rnH6CSI.
JIH OH B opHeHTaU:MH MJIM He OIIIH6csi., - Ky,n;a )Ke ,n;eBaJiaCh
Ca THarpaxa?

VI.
3aTo CaTMarpaxa npMMeHsi.Jiach nocJie BOHHhI B 6oph-
6e c aHrnHHCKHM npaBHTeJihCTBOM 3a cBapa,n;)I(. PaccKa3hI-
BaTh MCTOpHIO 3TOH 6oph6hI He CTOMT - OHa HM'leM He
OTJIH'laJiach OT 6oph6h1 c 6ypaMH. CKa3Ka npo 6eJioro
6hI'IKa, pa3BSl.3KH KOTOpOH Mhl M no cei1 .n;eHh He 3HaeM.
HenpoTMBJieHHe 3JIY HaCHJIHeM, HeyqacTMe B 3Jie ... Heyqa-
CTMe B 3Jie IIIJIO TaK ,LJ;aJieKO, 'ITO no HaCTaBJieHHIO raH,LJ;H
MH.LJ;YChl B3Sl.JIH CBOHX ,n;eTeH H3 aHrJIHHCKMX IIIKOJI. DpoTHB

579
3Toro pelllHTeJihHO BhICKa3aJic5! Pa6HH.npaHaT Tarop. OH
He 6e3 OCHOBaHH5! roBOpHJI, qTo eCJIH xopollleH HH.L\YCCKOH
IllKOJihl HeT, TO HeJih35! OTKa3hIBaThC5! OT aHrJIHHeKOH. Ha
3TO raH.L(H OTBeqaJI KpHTHKOH aHrJIHHCKOH CHCTeMbl BOe-
IIHTaHHSI H eBponeiieKoii KYJihTYPhI Boo6me.
113 nponoBe.L(H HeyqacTH5! B 3Jie Bh1pocJia H.L(e5! 6oii-
KOTa aHrJIHHCKHX TOBapoB. IloSIBHJiaeb 3HaMeHHTa5! np5!JI-
Ka, raH.L(H peKOMeH.L(OBaJI 3aH5!The5! Ilp5!'.lKeH BeeM HH.L\Y-
eaM. 3TOT COBeT OH .naJI npoeTHTYTKaM, Ha MHTHHre
KOTOph1x, He 6e3 TeaTpaJihHOCTH, no5!BHJic.si B BaplllaBe B
1921 ro.ny, - H.L(eSI He 6JIHCTaJia opHrnHaJihHOeThlO: y Hae
B CBOe BpeMSI eeJIH He B '.lKH3HH, TO B IlOBeeT.sIX c qeeTHhIM
HanpaBJieHHeM eTy.neHThI noKynaJIH ;:urn «na.nmHx co3.na-
HHH» IllBeHHble MalllHHhl. M TO '.lKe eaMoe raH.L(H npe.n-
IlHCaJI Pa6HH.npaHaTy Taropy: «Bee .L\OJI'.lKHhI np.sieTh.
IlycTh 3aiiMeTcS1 npH'.lKeii H Tarop! TaKOB .noJir 3Toro .L\H.sI,
a 0 3aBTpaII1HeM no.nyMaeT roenO.L(h Eon>.
Bee 3TO 6hlJIO 3JieMeHTapHo - KOHeqHo, npeBhIIllaJio
epe.L(HHH ypoBeHb eBponeHCKOH IlOJIHTHqecKOH 3JieMeHTap-
HOCTH. DhlJIO 6bl 6ecnoJie3HO cnpalllHBaTb raHLJ,H 0 ero
OTHOillemrn K peeny6JIHKe, K MOHapx1rn, K .L(HKTaType, K
eOQHaJIH3My. 0 60JihllleBHKax OH B eBoe BpeM.sI BbieKa3bl-
BaJieSI pe3KO 0Tpm1,aTeJihHO. B nocJie.nHee BpeMSI - 6hITh
MO'.lKeT, no.n BJIHSIHHeM PoMeHa PoJIJiaHa - OH CTaJI c.nep-
'.lKaHHee H B OQeHKe 60JibllleBHKOB. Ilo KpaiiHeH Mepe, B
IlapH'.lKe OH YKJIOHHJICSI OT OTBeTa Ha Bonpoe 0 eBOeM
OTHOilleHHH K eoBeTeKOMY eTpOIO, eoeJiaBillHeh Ha He3Ha-
KOMCTBO e .neJIOM. BepO.sITHO, OH Bee-TaKH KOe-'ITO 0
eoBeTCKOM CTpoe eJihIIllaJI? B KpaiiHeM CJiyqae, OH Mor 6hI
HaM peKOMeH.L(OBaTb 6opOThCSI c 60JibllleBHKaMH nocpe.n-
CTBOM CaTHarpaxH, H MhI ero no6naro.napHJIH 6hl 3a 3TOT
QeHHhlH COBeT.
BnpoqeM, pe3yJihTaThl nponoBe.L(H raH.L(H 6bIJIH .no-
BOJihHO HeO'.lKH.L(aHHhie. TaK, HanpHMep, B MH.L\HH aHrJIH-
qaHe MornH 6h1 qmJioco<i>cKH OTHOCHThC.sI K CaTHarpaxe,
eCJIH 6 raH.L(HCThl ee BhIIlOJIH.sIJIH COBepllleHHO ToqHo. «He-
yqacTHe B 3Jie» HMeeT HenpHSITHhie CTOpOHhI: B HeTpe6o-
BaTeJibHOH cTpaHe, KaK MH.nH.si, np.siJIKa ;:i;eJiaeT cepbe3HYJO
KOHKypeHQHIO MaHqecTepy. Ho 3HTY3Ha3M np.siJIKH MO'.lKeT
npoiiTH, MaHqecTep MO'.lKeT npHcnoco6HThCSI. A npoTHB
HenpOTHBJieHH.sI 3JIY HaCHJIHeM aHrJIHqaHe, HaBepHoe, HH-
qero He HMeJOT. EeHraJihCKHe TeppopHCThI 6ecnoKo.siT HX
ropa3.L(O 60Jihllle. 0.nHaKO He BCe HH.L\YChl IlOHHMaJIH raH-
.L(H npaBHJihHO. OH e3.L(HJI no MH.L\HH TO B noe3LJ,e, TO B
TeJie'.lKKe, TO BepxoM Ha CJIOHe, co6HpaJI Hapo.n H roBOpHJI

580
pe•rn. B 3TRX peqax MaxaTMa 06M1CHSUI RH,ZJ;ycaM, KaK
ra;wK aHrJIRHCKRH «CaTaHa», a 3aTeM npR3bIBaJI RX OT-
HOCRThCSI K CaTaHe mo60BHO, KaK K 3a6Jiy)l(AaJOIIJ,eMycsi
6paTy. Ho BTopasi 'laCTh 3aBeTa raHAR RMeJia ropa3AO
MeHhllle ycnexa, 'leM nepBa.si. OH caM roBopRT, 'ITO eMy
«6hmo TPYAHO JaRHTepecoBaTh HapoA MRpHoii CTopoHoii
CaTRarpaxH>>. 113 nponoBeAR nenpoTRBJieHRSI Bb1pacTano
«npoTRBJieHRe». MaxaTMa B CBORX peqax ropsiqo ocy)l(AaJI
RH,ZJ;YCCKRX TeppopRCTOB - a RX 'IRCJIO OT ero peqeu
yBeJIR'IRBanoch He no AHHM, a no qacaM. B IlRAXyHe, B
AxMeTa6aAe pe3yJihTaThl nponoBeAR HenpoTRBJieHRSI 6bl-
JIH TaKOBhI, 'ITO caM raHAR npRllleJI B y)l(aC R co CBOHCT-
BeHHOH eMy A06pocoBeCTHOCThlO npR3HaJICSI B CBOeii «rR-
MaJiaHCKOH OllIR6Ke» (<<rRManaHCKOH» - no pa3Mepy):
ero cnylllaTeJIR 6b1JIH HeAOCTaTO'IHO noArOTOBJieHhI K Ca-
TRarpaxe.
HRKTO He MO)l(eT Tpe6oBaTh OT aHrJIR'laH, 'IT06bi OHR
paAR CaTRarpaxR pa3BaJIRJIR BpRTaHCKYIO RMnepRIO. no
Been BepOS!THOCTR, OHR npaBbI R B TOM, 'ITO, B cnyqae RX
yxoAa, B l1H,ZJ;RH HacTynHT noJIHhIH xaoc. Co BCeMH CBO-
RMR TSl)l(KRMR HeAOCTaTKaMR BeKOBaSI aHrJIRHCKaSI nOJIR-
TRKa BhlilOJIHSleT TY )l(e QHBHJIH3aTOpCKYJO MRCCRIO B lQ)l(-
HOH A3RR, KaKyio BeKoBasi pyccKasi noJIRTRKa BhmonHsina
B CeBepHoii. Bbmo 6hl, KOHe'IHO, ropa3AO JIY'lllle, ecJIH 6
B KOJIOHHaJibHOH AeS!TeJibHOCTH aHrJIH'laH nOHSITRe Bb!C-
rneii pachl CMeHHJIOCh nOHSITHeM BhICrneii QRBRJIR3aQRR -
B 3TOM OHH MOrJIR 6bl nocJieAOBaTh npRMepy cppaHQY30B.
Bo <l>paHQRH Ha3Ha'leHHe Herpa MRHHCTpOM HR y Koro
oco6eHHoro RHTepeca He BhI3Bano, H cny'IRJIOCh OHO npR
caMoM «6yp)l(ya3HOM» Ka6HHeTe - B AHrJIHH HR MaK-
AOHaJihA, HH reH,ZJ;epCOH Herpa HHKOrAa B Ka6RHeT He
npHrJiaCHJIH 6hI. B 'laCTHOCTH, no OTHOllieHHIO K raHAH
nOJIHTHKa 6pHTaHCKoro npaBHTeJihCTBa He OTJIH'laJiaCb
60JiblliOH BhIAep)l(aHHOCTbIO: ero npHrJialllaJIR TO BO ABO-
peu;, TO B TIOphMy.
B cpeBpane 1922 roAa MaxaTMa Hane'laTaJI cTaThIO, B
KOTOpOH roBOpHJI 0 «KpOBaBbIX KOrTSIX» aHrJIH'laH: «opH-
TaHCKaSI HMnepHSI, IIOKmIIIJ,aSICSI Ha opraHH30BaHHOH 3KCn-
nyaTaQRR cpR3R'leCKH cna6eiirnRX HapOAOB 3eMJIH R Ha
ycnoBHOM AeMoHCTpHpoBaHRH rpy6oii CHJihI, He MO)l(eT
cyrn.ecTBOBaTb, eCJIR TOJihKO MRpOM npaBHT cnpaBeAJIH-
BhlH TBopeu;». TaK IIHCaJI raHAH. IlpaBAa, CTaThSI ero
3aKaH'IHBanacb O'lepeAHOH MOJib6oii:, 'IT06hI IlpoBHAeHRe
yAep)l(aJIO HHAYCOB OT HaCHJihCTBeHHblX AeHCTBRH npOTHB
aHrJIH'laH. 0AHaKO aHrJIRHCKHe BJiaCTH He BbITepneJIH H

581
 apecTosam1 MaxaTMy. OH 6bm npe.n:aH cy.n:y no o6sn-
HeHHIO B «B036y:>K.n:eHHH B HH.D:YCCKOM Hapo.n:e HeHaBHCTH
H npe3peHHR K 3aKOHHOMY npaBHTeJibCTBY Ero BeJIH-
qecTsa».
Cy.n: Ha.n: raH.n:H 6bIJI .D:OBOJibHO csoeo6pa3HbIH. OT
3al.IlHTHHKa OH OTKa3aJICR, H3JIO:>KHJI B CBOeH peqn H.D:eH
CaTHarpaxn, no.n:Tsep.n:HJI cso10 noJIHYIO sepHOCTb HM
H Tpe6osaJI .D:JIR ce6R Bb1crnero HaKa3aHHR. 0.n:HaKo cy;::i:bR
BpyMCQJHJib.D: He cqeJI B03MO:>KHbIM corJiaCHTbCR c no.n:-
cy.n:HMbIM. «51 He Mory .n:eJiaTb BH.D:, - CKa3aJI CY.D:bR, -
6y.n:To R He 3Hal0, qTo B rJia3aX MHJIJIHOHOB JIIO.D:eH
Bbl BeJIHKHH BO:>K.D:b H BeJIHKHH naTpHOT. )l;a:>Ke JIIO.D:H,
pacxo.n:RmHeCR c BaMll BO B3rJIR.n:ax, Bll.!J;RT B sac qeJIOBeKa
BbICOKoro 11.n:eaJia, 6Jiaropo.n:Hoii 11 .n:a:>Ke CBRTOH :>KH3HH».
PaccbmaJicR B noxsanax raH.n:11 11 npoKypop. «qTo Bbl
CKa:>KeTe, - cnpOCHJI B 3aKJIJOqeHHe cy.ZJ;bR, - eCJill jf
npnrosop10 sac K rnecT11 ro.n:aM TIOpbMbI? He 6y.n:eTe
JIM Bbl ClJHTaTb, 'ITO :no Hepa3yMHO?» raH.D:H ,n;eHCTBH-
TeJibHO HaXO.ZJ;HJI, 'ITO 3TO Hepa3yMHO: OH Tpe6oBaJI 60-
JlbIIIe. Op11mHaJibHbIH rrpou;ecc TeM 11 KOH'IllJICR. TipH
Bbixo.n:e H3 3.D:aHllR cy.n:a K HOraM MaxaTMbI noBaJI11nacb
TOJIIIa HH.ZJ;YCOB. 0HH HCKaJIH ero B3rJIR.ZJ;a - 3TO Ha-
3bIBaeTCR «.n:aprnaH».
TioTOM ero BbmycTllJIH Ha cBo6o.n:y. TioTOM ... Bnpo-
tJeM, HlltJero Ba:>KHoro c TOH nopb1 11 He 6bmo. MH.n:yccKHH
B03 CTOHT Ha TOM :>Ke MeCTe. MaxaTMa raH.ZJ;H Tpe6yeT
cBapa.n::>Ka, 6pHTaHcKoe rrpaB11TeJibCTBO OTBetJaeT, qTo MH-
.ZJ;HR, co6CTBeHHO, y:>Ke llMeeT CBapa.n::>K. 3TH neperoBOpbI
MoryT eme rrpo.n:oJI:>KaTbCR .n:oBOJibHO .n:oJiro. Tipnxo.n: K
BJiacTH B AHrJI11H rrepBoro cou;11aJIHCT11tJecKoro Ka611HeTa
qpe3BbI'IaHHO o6pa.n:oBaJI HH.ZJ;YCOB. Tipnxo.n: K BJiaCTH BTO-
poro COD;HaJIHCTHlJeCKOro Ka611HeTa TO:>Ke llX o6pa.n:oBaJI,
Ho, BepoRTHO, HeCKOJibKO MeHbrne: MaK.n:oHaJib.ZJ; TBep.n:o
o6emaeT MH.D:HH cBapa.n::>K - BCRKllH pa3, Kor.n:a oKa3bIBa-
eTCR B onrro3HUHll. TaK, 24 MaR 1928 ro.n:a OH 3aRBllJI, tJTO
rrpe.n:ocTaBJieHHe MH.ZJ;llH rrpaB .n:oMHHHOHa 6)'.n:eT «O.ZJ;HllM
113 rrepBbIX .n:eJI pa6otJero rrpaBHTeJibCTBa» . HecKOJibKO
paHbIIIe MaK.n:oHaJib.D:, .n:om1rno 6bITb cropR'Ia, o6eman
MH.n;HH .n:a:>Ke He3aBHCHMOCTb... Terrepb OH, rro-BH.D:HMoMy,
Haxo.n;HT, qTo MH.D:HR, co6cTBeHHO, y:>Ke HMeeT cBapa.n::>K.
0.n:HaKO CTporo ocy:>K.n;aTb 6p11TaHCKOe rrpaBllTeJibCTBO OT-
HIO.ZJ;b He rrpnxo.n;HTCR, H HY:>KHO rrpH3HaTb, qTo B caMoe

' I. T. Sunderland. India in Bondage, p. 481.

" «Daily Herald», 17 OKT116p11 1927 r.

582
IIOCJie,I(uee BpeMSI ero MOpaJibHOe IIOJIOJKem1e B HH,I(HHC-
KOM BOIIpoce CTaJIO ropa3,I(O nyqUJe: Ha KOHcpepeHUHH
Kpyrnoro CTOJia raH,I(H He y,I(aJIOCh ,I(06HTbC.SI COfJiaUJeHH.SI
HH c MycyJihMauaMH, HH c «ueqHcThIMH». MaxaTMa KaK-TO
CKa3aJI, qTo B 6y.llymeu JKH3HH OH XOTe.11 6bI pO,I(HTbC.SI
napHeM. Ho B :non JKH3HH ou c rrapHSIMH TaK H ue
CfOBOpHJICSI. 3a IIOJJHTHKO-FOpH,I(HqecKHM crropoM, Koueq-
HO, KpbIJIC.SI TOT JKe HH,I(HHCKHH ,I(Hanor: <~A cornaCHJICSI 6hI
MaxaTMa Ja O,I(HHM CTOJJOM o6e,I(aTh? .. » - «3aqeM JKe
uerrpeMeuuo o6e,I(aTh Ja O.llHHM CTOJJOM? .. » Ha.uo, Brrpo-
qeM, .llyMaTh, qTo rrpeII.SITCTBOBaJJ corJJaIIIeHHFO He caM
raH,I(H. 3a HHM HapO.llHble MaCChl, H eMy Ha,I(O cqHTaTbC.SI
e npe.upacey.uKaMH uapO.llHhIX Mace·. 3rn KOHcpepeHUH.SI
Kpyrnoro CTOJia, c ee JaKyJIHCHhIMH rreperoBopaMH H He-
CKOH'IaeMhIMH ,I(HanoraMH, c ee rHeBHhIMH ynhTHMaTyMa-
MH H «IIOCJie,I(HHMH cpoKaMH», rropoFO npHHHMaJia KOMH-
qecKHH xapaKTep. Bo BCSIKOM cnyqae, TO o6CTOSITeJibCTBO,
'ITO MycyJihMaue H rrapHH HCKaJIH y 6pHrnHcKoro npaBH-
TeJihCTBa 3aIUHTbl OT «fOCIIO,I(CTBYFOIUeU HaUHOHaJibHO-
CTH», rrpe,I(CTaBJJeHHOH B JIHIJ;e raH,I(H, He MOfJIO CIIOC06-
CTBOBaTb rrpecTHJKY MaxaTMhI. Bh1c0Ka.S1 rroJIHTHKa
«coBceM KaK B Bepcane» - eMy .SIBHO He y.uaeTCSI.

VII.
He6onhIIIon LlOM-oco6HSIK Ha ynHue HanTc6pHJ:lJK.
3ToT LlOM no'IHTaTenH CH.SIJIH LlJl.SI MaxaTMhI ua BpeMSI ero
rrpe6bIBaHH.SI B JlOH.llOHe. Mhl BXO,I(HM. Cpe,I(HHH aurnHnc-
KHH hall - OTHOCHTeJibHhIH KOMcpOpT 6e3 oco6bIX rrpeTeH-
3HH Ha pocKOIIIh. KaMHH, KOJKaHhie Kpecna, ua CTeuax
rropTpeThI cTapb1x aHrnH'IaH. 118,I(yccKa.SI 6apbIIIIH.SI cTy-
qHT Ha MaIIIHHKe 3a MaJieHhKHM CTOJIOM. I1H,I(yCCKHe ceK-
peTapH IIIeII'IYTCSI, 6eerroKOHHO or JISl,I(hIBaSICb 110 eTopo-
HaM. 3,I(eeb JKe ChIH raH,I(H, MOJIO,I(OH qeJIOBeK 6oJie3HeH-
HOfO BH,I(a. Bee HH)lyehI B HaUHOHaJihHblX KOCTFOMax - y
rnap,I(HH MaxaTMhI KaK 6h1 eBon MYHLlHp. Pe3KO BhI,I(e-
nsi:eTe.SI epe,I(H HHX IIJIOTHbIH KperrKHH qeJIOBeK BeehMa
aurnHncKoro BH)la. Ou pa3BaJIHJie.SI B Kpecne y KaMHHa H

• Pa3o6paTbCll B KaCTOBblX OTHOWeHHllX 11H.llHH HeT HHKaKoii B03MOlKHOCTH.

,!loCTaTO'IHO CKa3aTb, 'ITO eCTb MOryweCTBeHHble KHll3bll, npHHaAJJelKallUle K HH3·
WHM KaCTaM (pa3yMeeTCll, He K «He'IHCTblM» ). TaK, eanpHMep, caM Marapa.nlKa
liapo.ncKHii npHHaAJJelKHT K nocne.neeii H3 11eTblpex rnaseblx KaCT Oe «cy.npa».
3ro see paseo, KaK ecJIH 6bl B PoCCHH uapb 6blJI no COCJIOBHIO MewaeHHOM HJIH
KYDQOM BTOpoii [HJ!b,!IHH.

583
CKyqaIOll(HM B3rJHl,l:\OM OKH,l:\bIBaeT BHOBb BXO,l:\Slll(HX JIIO-
,l:\eH. BHA y Hero OTpemeHHblH OT MHpa: H JIIO,l:\H B XOJIJie,
Aa H Boo6me Bee Ha JeMJie eMy coBepmeHHO qy)l(,l:\O. '.:ho
npHCTaBJieHHblH K raH,l:\H BH,l:\HbIH Cblll(HK CKOTJieHA-.5IP-
):\a. Ero ocpHI.\HaJihHoe Ha3HaqeHHe - oxpaHSITh MaxaTMY
OT BparoB. He nopyqycb, KOHeqHo, qTo OH He HHTepecyeT-
CSI H HeKOTOpbIMH APY3hSIMH MaxaTMhI. Mo)l(eT 6hITh, H
HaqaJibCTBY HHTepecHo - KaKHe JIIO,l:\H XO,l:\SIT K AOporoMy
MHAYCCKOMY rocTIO.
K aMepwKaHcKoMy )l(ypHaJIHCTY BhIXO.l:\HT KpacHBaSI
):\aMa B HHAYCCKOM HapSl,l:\e - pa3Be TOJibKO onhITHbIH
qeJioBeK c nepBoro B3rJIS1Aa cKa3aJI 6h1, qTo oHa aHrJIHqaH-
Ka: y Hee H QBeT JIHQa nO'lTH TaKOH )Ke, KaK y HaXO,l:\Slll(HX-
CSI B xoJIJie HHAYCOB. 3To 3HaMeHMTaSI MMcc CJI3.l:\.
AMepwKaHCKHH )l(ypHaJIHCT MeHSI npe,l:\CTaBJISleT. Mwcc
CJI3,l:\ O'leHb JII06e3Ha. n pOCHT H3BHHHTb, 'ITO BblillJia B
TaKOM KOCTIOMe. 3Toro SI He nOHSIJI, HO nOTOM MHe
o6bSICHHJI 6hIBlI1HH c HaMH aHrJIHHCKHH nHCaTeJib: HH-
AYCCKaSI cpopMa MHcc CJI3A 6bma, BBMAY yTpeHHero qaca,
He nOJIHaSI - qero-TO HHAYCCKOro Ha Heu He XBaTaJIO.
- K CO)l(aJieHHIO, 3TO cosepmeHHO HeB03MO)l(HO. Ma-
xaTMa,l:\)l(H ceuqac ye3)1(aeT, CHIO MHHYTY. POBHO B O,l:\HH-
Ha,l:\QaTh qacos MaxaTMa,l:\)l(H AOJI)l(eH 6h1Th ...
Mwcc CJI3A Ha3bIBaeT MecTo, r,l:\e AOJI)l(eH 6bITh B
OAMHHaAQaTh MaxaTMa,l:\)l(H. qTo TaKoe MaxaTMaA)l(H?
0Ka3bIBaeTCSI, npHCTaBKa (():\)l(H)) B KOHQe CJIOBa Bbipa)l(aeT
oco6euHyIO He)l(HOCTh. TaK KaK np03BHll(e «MaxaTMa»
03HalJaeT «BeJIHKaSI ,l:\yma», TO «MaxaTMa):\)l(H», O'leBHA-
HO, HY)l(HO nepeBO.l:\HTh «AoporaS1 BeJIMKaSI Ayma», «BeJIH-
KaSI AymeHhKa» HJIH KaK-HM6YAh B 3TOM poAe (B 6JIH)l(aif-
meM OKpy)l(eHHH raH,l:\H Ha3bIBaIOT «BapM» - «OTeQ»).
- Ho SI sac npeAcTaBJIIO 3,l:\ecb, npw BhIXOAe, -
yTemaeT MeHSI MHCC CJI3,l:\. - MaxaTMa ceuqac 3,l:\eCh
npOH,l:\eT ... CHIO MHHyTy ...
Mwcc CJI3,l:\ nO,l:\HHMaeTCSI no JieCeHKe B Ka6MHeT raH-
Aff ... KaKaSI TeMa 3Ta )l(eHll(HHa OAHOBpeMeHHO MSI ToJI-
CToro H MSI Bep6MQKOH, MSI ,[(ocToeBcKoro H MSI KonneT
Msep! Mwcc CJI3A - AO'lh aHrnMHCKOro aAMMpana; oHa
npMHa):\Jie)l(aJia K BbICilleMy aHrJIHHCKOMY 061.lleCTBY H B
paHHeH MOJIO,l:\OCTH, no KJiaCCH'leCKOMY Bbipa)l(eHHIO, «Be-
Jia cseTCKHH, pacceSIHHhIH 06pa3 )l(H3HM». KaK-TO HO'lhlO,
sepHysmnch AOMOH c 6ana, MMCc CJI3A 'ITO-To npoqJia o
raH,l:\H. 3TO ee nOTpSICJIO. 0Ha pemMJia IlOCBSITHTb BCIO
)l(ff3Hh cJiy)l(eHMIO MaxaTMe H ero AeJiy. HecMOTpSI Ha
yroBOpbI caMoro raH,l:\H, MHCC CJI3,l:\ 6pOCHJia ceMblO H

584
 po~irny, onpocnrnach, Teneph C'IHTaeT cefo1 HH~YCKOH H
o6mKaeTc.si, eCJIH ew HanOMHHaIOT 0 ee aHrJIHHCKOM npo-
HCXOJK~eHHH. OT namnu.ero HH~HHCKoro 3Ho.si, 6e3 Mep
npe~OCTOpOJKHOCTH, ee JIHil,O CTaJIO 6pOH30BhlM, H, no
CJIOBaM O~Horo H3 nHCaBIIIHX 0 HeH aHrJIH'laH, «BhI~aeT ee
TOJihKO roBop, TOT'laC 6e30IIIH60'IHO npH3HaBaeMhlH ro-
BOp npaB.silll,HX KJiaccoB AHrJIHH», - OT MeH.si YKOJih3aIOT
3TH OTTeHKH aHrJIHHCKOH pe'IH H aKll,eHTa.
B nepe~Heii ~oMa BOJIHeHHe. Bxo~Hh1e ~BepH pacKphI-
BaIOTC.si HacTeJKh. K HHM no~KaThrnaeT aBTOM06HJih. C
03a6otJeHHhIM BH~OM npo6eraeT HeCKOJihKO qeJIOBeK HH-
~ycoB. CeKpeTaph BHH3Y BCTaeT. MeMeHHO, neHHBO no~­
HHMaeTc.si c Kpecna Chllll,HK.
B XOJIJI B6eraeT CTaphIH qeJIOBeK; Ha HeM HeT HH'lero,
KpoMe Ha6e~peHHOH noB.sI3KH. Ha~o JIH onHChIBaTh ero
HapyJKHOCTh H KOCTIOM, - eCJIH 3TO MOJKHO Ha3BaTh
KOCTIOMOM? BHeIIIHOCTh raH~H H3BeCTHa Tenepb KaJK~O­
My, KaK H3BeCTHhl BCeMy MHpy· cpH3HOHOMH.s! H IIIJI.sina
Illapno. EonhIIIe Bcero nopaJKaeT Heo6hI'laHHa.si xy~o6a
MaxaTMhI ... Ero HOrH - ~Be cnH'IKH, BOTKHYThie B caH-
~aJIHH. IlepBoe BnetJaTJieHHe - KaK TaKOH qeJIOBeK MOJKeT
JKHTh? M BTopoe - Heo6hIKHOBeHHa.si no~BHJKHOCTh 3Toro
HeecTeCTBeHHO xy~oro, cna6oro qenoBeKa.
51 npe~cTaBJI.s!JI ce6e MaxaTMY CH~.s!lll,HM B CBOeH Ke-
Jihe c no~JKaThIMH HoraMH Ha U.HHOBKe. TaKHM ~eiicT­
BHTeJihHO SI ero no3~Hee H YBH~eJI B IlapHJKe - TOJihKO
BMeCTO ll,HHOBKH 6hIJia Kacpe~pa, a BMeCTO KeJihH - «Ma-
JKHK-CHTH». Ho 3~ech, y ce6.si ~oMa, OH Bech 6hIJI B
~BHJKeHHH. ra~H He BOIIIeJI, a HMeHHO B6eJKaJI B nepe~­
HIOIO, cMe.sich H 'ITO-TO noBTOp.si.si Ha 6ery. TeMHhre Henpo-
HHu.aeMhie rna3a 6eraJIH 3a orpOMHhIMH CTeKJiaMH O'IKOB.
EonTaJIHCh qachl - TO)l(e ~KOBHHKa npH CTOJih ~KOBHH­
HOM KOCTIOMe. OH HOCHT 3TOT KOCTIOM M.s! Toro, 'IT06hl
CJIHThC.si c HH~YCCKHM Hapo~oM. Ho HH~yccKHH Hapo~
JKHBeT no~ TponH'leCKHM coJIHU.eM, a 3~ech JloH~OH, xo-
no~Hoe OCeHHee yTpo; ~BepH XOJIJia OTKphIThl HaCTe)l(b.
MaxaTMa ocTaHaBJIHBaeTc.si Ha 6ery nepe~ aMepHKaH-

' 3a HCKJIJO'!eeHeM caMoro fae,!UI. qaDJJHH noceTHJI ero B Jloimoue, H npH HX

CBHA8HHH BLlllCHHJIOCb, '!TO MaxaTMa HHICOr,&a B ICHHeMaTorpacjle He 6b1Jl •
.. raeAH eeCHT copolC IlllTb ICHJIOrpaMMOB - pe3yJibT8T IlHTaHHll JIHMOH8MH H
IC03bHM MOJIOICOM. Ou BA06aBOIC p83 B ee,&eJIIO He ecr HH'!ero, a ee TalC A8BHO AJ!ll
Toro, '!T06LI npHMHpHTb HHAYCOB c MarOMeT8H8MH, OOCTHJICll AB8.ZIU8Tb OAHH
,&eHb. TalCOBO ero npaBHJio: nepeA cepbe3HblMH ,&eJiaMH cepbe3ublii nOCT. B csoe
BpeM11, ycnL1was o 14 nyeICTax BHJibcoua, MaxaTMa cnpocHJI aMepHICaucmx
llCYPHaJIHCTOB, CKOJiblCO BpeMCHH IlOCTHJICll Ilpe3HACHT nepeA BL1pa60TICOH IC8ll(AOro
H3 3THX nyeICToB. He 3HaJO, MOrJIH JIH aMepHICaecme llCypeanHCTLI ,&aTb eMy
HBACllCHble 3aBepeHHll OTHOCHTeJibHO IlOCTOB By.&po BHJibCOHa.

585
CKHM )J(ypuaJIHCTOM. Ou TpSICeTCSI OT xono.n.a H, BH.[{HMO, c
Tpy,noM c.n.ep)J(HBaeT CMex. 0Tqero OH CMeeTCSI? 3a HHM
H,[{eT ero 3KKepMaH - 3u,npblOC, 6bIBIIIHH aurJIHHCKHH
rracTop, TaK )J(e, KaK H MHCC CJI3.[{, IIOCBSITHBIIIHH CBOIO
)J(H3Hh rau.n.n·. E.n.Ba JIH 3TOT qeJIOBeK, oqeub Mano IIOXO-
:>KHH ua BecenhqaKa, TaK paccMelIIHJI MaxaTMy?
He Mory paccKa3aTh unqero rroyqnTeJihHOI:o o cBoeH:
6ece.n.e c rau.n.H. Ou rrpOH3Hec HeCKOJibKO CJIOB, Bee TaK :>Ke
TpSICSICb OT xono.n.a H c.n.ep:>KHBaSI ,ll,YIIIHBIIIHH ero CMex.
Ho, no COBeCTH, SI He CJIHIIIKOM CO:>KaJielO 0 TOM, qTo He
HMeJI c HHM HaCTOSilllero pa3rOBOpa. 06mHe MeCTa, KOTO-
pbie Mor 6hI CKa3aTh rau.n.n 0 CBapa.n.:>Ke' HJIH 0 CaTHa-
rpaxe, HHqero He .n.o6aBHJIH 6b1 K ero KHHraM H BeChMa
Mano MeHSI HHTepecy10T. Mecsiu;eM rro3.n.Hee B IlapH)J(e OH
11poqen u;eny10 neKIJ;HIO H 3aTeM .n.onro oTseqan Ha Borr-
pochI - JII06oH: BTOpocopTHblH TOJICTOBeu; Mor CKa3aTb
TO, qTo rosopnn MaxaTMa. A BOT ysH.n.eTh ero s6JIH3H
6Lrno HHTepecHo. HeT, Ha acxeToB-OTIIIeJihHHKOB PH6eph1
OH He IlOXO:>K HHCKOJihKO.
Ou eme pa3 rro:>KHMaeT pyxy H, e)KaCh H s3.n.parnsa.SI,
6e:>KHT K Bhixo.n.y. Ha ynnu;e o.n.un nu.n.ychI 6hICTpo 3axyTh1-
sa10T ero B 6eJibIH «xa.n..n.ap», TO)Ke HhIHe H3BeCTHbIH
sceMy cseTy; .n.pyrne rroqTHTeJihHO yca)KHBaIOT MaxaTMY
B aBTOM06HJih. 3a raH,ll,H Ca,ll,HTCSI MpaqffhIH MHCTep 3H,ll,-
pblOC. P.Sl,ll,OM c IIIOcpepOM y)Ke CH,ll,HT OTpelIIHBIIIHHCSI OT
MHpa ChilllHK. Ha ynnu;e BhipacTaIOT B .n.osoJihHO 6onh-
IIIOM qHcne rHraHThI-ropo.n.oshle - r.n.e )Ke oun 6Lrnn .n.o
Toro? Boxpyr rro.n.'he3.n.a Mruoseuuo co6HpaeTc.SI Tonrra.
AsToMo6HJih OT'he3:>KaeT. CTapnx s 6enoH: MaHTHH qTo-To
rosopHT 3H,ll,pbIOCy, O)KHBJieHHO )KeCTHKYJIHPY.SI H CMeSICh,
see CMeSICb... 0Tqero TaK seceno 3TOMY He06hIKHOBeH-
HOMY qenosexy? l1JIH B caMOM .n.ene OH cqacTJIHB, HeCMOT-
pSI Ha CBOIO KaTOp)KHYIO )KH3Hb?

VIII.
raH,ll,H, KOHequo, HCKJilOqHTeJihHOe SIBJieHHe. Ero Bhl-
COKHe HpaBCTBeHHhie KaqecTBa, pe.n.KaSI CHJia BOJIH, cosep-
IIIeHHOe 6eCKOpb1CTHe (so scex CMhICJiax 3Toro CJIOBa),

' Y MaxaTMbl ecTb rop11'1ee noKJIOHHHKH H cpe,IUI aerJIH'laH, 'fYlK.llblX eMy no

B3rmmaM. TaJC, B TY nopy, Kor.na OH JJClKllJl B Mepaea,nCKOH T!OpeMHOH 60JJbHHUC,
TY.113 ClKC,llHCBHO npHXO,llHJJ CTapblii aHrJIHHCKHii otlmnep: cnpaBJJJIJICJI 0 COCTOJIHHH
60JJbHOro H OCT3BJJJIJI BCJIKHii pa3 6YKCT UBCTOB.

586
6e33aBeTHaSI npe.n;aHHOCTb HH.n;yccKOMy .n;eny HHKaKHX co-
MHeHHH BbI3hIBaTh He MoryT. Tpy.n;Ho 6hrno 6hr OTpm.(aTh
H yMCTBeHHbie 1<a'IeCTBa MaxaTMhr: 6e3 HHX OH, seposrTHO,
He Mor 6hI B Te'IeHHe .n;ecSITHJieTHH coxpaHSITb TO IlOJIO)l(e-
HHe, KoTopoe OH npwo6pen y ce6sr Ha po.n;wHe. Co sceM
TeM YMCTBeHHbIH 1<pyro3op raH,D;H qy)l(.n; H HeilOHSITeH
rpoMa,D;HOMY 6oJibIIIHHCTBY COBpeMeHHblX mo.n;eii. B CBO-
HX IlOJIHTH'IeCKHX KHHrax OH paCCKa3bIBaeT, 'ITO ero H no
ceii .n;eHb BOJIHYIOT 6e3bICXO,lJ;Hhie MbICJIH: HanpHMep, MO)l(-
HO JIM eMy IlHTb K03be MOJIOKO? «JI IlOCTOSIHHO ce6sr
cnpamHBaIO, Kor.n;a )l(e .SI OTKa)l(yCh OT K03bero MOJIO-
Ka, - mnneT OH B CBOHX BOCilOMHHaHH.SIX. - Bee ell.(e He
Mory OTKa3aTbC.SI OT ::noro co6na3Ha ... » HecKOJihKO neT
TOMY Ha3a.n; raH.n;H corpenrnn ell.(e xy)l(e: )l(eHa co6na3-
HHna ero He06bIKHOBeHHbIM JiaKOMCTBOM - npHrOTOBHJia
.n;n.sr Hero oec.SIHYIO HaCTOHKY Ha npoeaHCKOM Macne. OH
Cl>eJI :no ,lJ;HBHOe 6JIIO,D;O, «'IT06hl c.n;enaTb y.n;oBOJlbCTBHe
)l(eHe H Hacna.n;HTbC.SI». «0.n;HaKO ,D;b.SIBOJI TOJibKO 3Toro H
O)l(H,D;an»: 3a rpex qpeeoyro.n;w.sr MaxaTMY nocTHrna T.SI)l(-
Ka.SI 6one3Hb - ((SI OTKa3aJIC.SI OT BC.SIKoro Jie'IeHH.SI, )l(eJia.SI
HCKynHTb ceoe 6e3yMCTBO». B nopy BbI3.n;opoeneHH.SI HH-
.n;yccKHH epaq y6e)l(,D;aJI raH,D;H IlHTaTbC.SI CblpbIMH SIHl.(aMH,
HO 06 3TOM MaxaTMa He XOTeJI H CJibIIIIaTb, XOT.SI eMy
o6ell.(aJIH ,lJ;OCTaTb Ha pbIHKe «HeOilJIO,lJ;OTBOpeHHbie .SIH-
1.(a»•. Y Hero o6pa3oeanc.sr anneH.n;Hl.(HT, H npHIIIJIOCh c.n;e-
naTb onepal.(HIO. 3To 6hIJIO ell.(e xy.n;mHM rpexoM. Y
raH,D;H cpe.n;H CTapbIX HH.n;yCOB eCTb H TaKHe .n;py3hSI, KOTO-
pbie, IlO-BH,lJ;HMOMy, C'IHTaIOT ero cw6apHTOM H npO)l(Hra-
TeJieM )l(lf3HH. IJo KpaHHeH Mepe, O,D;HH H3 HHX, CTapHK·
6paxMaH (ero caM 3H.n;pbIOC Ha3brnaeT acKeToM), npwcnan
raH,D;H rHeBHOe IlHCbMO: BMeCTO TOrO 'IT06bI peIIIHTbC.SI
Ha rpex onepal.(HH, MaxaTMa Mor 6h1 y.n;aJIHThC.SI B Ka1<y10-
nw60 ye.n;wHeHHYIO nell.(epy H TaM cwnoii .n;yxa npeo.n;oneTb
cna6ocTh Tena. raH.n;H H caM cornaIIIanc.sr co cTapHKOM,
'ITO TaK 6hIJIO 6bI ropa3,D;O nyqme. «,[(a, .SI BHHOBaT, -
IlHCaJI OH B OTBeT 6paxMaHy, - HO, K HecqacTbIO AA.SI
MeH.SI, .SI .n;aJieK OT coeepmeHCTBa ••. I1pH3HaIO, 'ITO MOe
cornacwe Ha onepal.(HIO 6hmo .n;yIIIeBHOH cna6ocTbIO».
Eecnone3HO .n;onro ocTaHaenweaThC.SI Ha 3TOH TeMe.
Bee MbIIIIJieHHe raH,D;H 3JieMeHTapHO H rnnep60JIH'IHO -
• .ll.o6aemo, 'ITO TaK llCe OH OTHOCHTCll H K ceoeii ceM&e. B nopy TllllCeJIOH
6one3ee ceoeit llCCHbl rau.!IH peweTeJJ&Ho OTKJJOHHJJ Tpe6oeaeell epa'la, uacTauea-
ewero ua TOM, 'IT06bl 6oJJ&Hall nHTanac& MllCHblM 6yn&ouoM. Ou 3allBHJJ, 'ITO
npe)UIO'IHTaeT cMepT& llCCHbl TaKOMY rpexy. rocnollCa raH.!IH coeepweHHo c HHM
comacua: «Jlyqwe YMPY. 'ICM OCKBepHIO CBOe TeJJO TaKHM yxcacoM», - CKa3aJJa
oua.

587
BOT Y:>I<: HCTHHHO <<rHMaJiaikKoe» MblllIJieHHe. OH c BOCTOp-
roM U,HTHpyeT H3peqeHHe caHCKpHTCKOH KHHrH, H3 KOTO-
poro MO:>I<:HO c,z:i;eJiaTh Bhrno.n, qTo OT «qpeBoyro.z:i;m1» .no
IlOTepH paccy,z:i;Ka H .no BCeB03MO:>I<:HbIX y:>I<:aCOB TOJihKO O,Ll;HH
Illar. He cKphrna10, TaKHe cTpaHHU.hI HecKOJihKO pa3.z:i;pa:>I<:a-
IOT - B oco6eHHOCTH IlOTOMY' qTo 06 3TOM paccKa3bIBaeT-
CSI TaK o6CTOSITeJibHO H ,Ll;JIHHHO: KaKoe HaM .n;eJIO .no
BHyTpeHHeii 6oph6h1 MaxaTMhI c co6Jia3HaMH K03bero
MOJIOKa H OBCSIHOH HaCTOHKH Ha npoBaHCKOM MaCJie?
Tpare.n;HSI :>I<:e 3Toro qeJIOBeKa B TOM, qTo OH CTaJI
JaHHMaThCSI noJIHTHKOH. HH ero xapaKTep, HH B3rJIS1,L1;h1,
HH cnoco6hl .neiicTBHH He 6hlJIH MS! Hee npe,z:i;Ha3HaqeHhI
HH B KaKoii Mepe. Ha.no JIH roBopHTh, qTo B e,nHHo6opcTBe
c JlJIOH.D: ,Zl;:>I<:op.z:i;:>I<:eM, HJIH ,z:i;a:>I<:e c MaK,Ll;OHaJih,Ll;OM, raH,nH
HMeJI MaJIO lllaHCOB Ha ycnex? Ero BOCTOp:>I<:eHHhIH 6Ho-
tpa<l>, PoMeH PoJIJiaH, ocKop6HJI MaxaTMY cpaBHeHHeM c
JleHHHhlM: «,[{JISI raH,Ll;H, KaK MS! JleHHHa, KaK ,Ll;JISI JII060H
BhICOKOH .D:YllIH (Hx Be,Ll;h HeMHOro), SI - 3TO Thi». JleHHH
c10.na npHnJieTeH SIBHO MSI KpaCOTbl CJIOra - Ha 3TO H
OTBeqaTb Heqero. Ho K raH,Ll;H CJIOBa «BhICOKaSI ,nyllla»,
KOHeqHo, MoryT 6hITh OTHeceHhI c noJIHhIM npaBoM. Ma-
xaTMa caM CKa3aJI, qTO ero u,eJihlO B :>I<:H3HH SIBJISieTCSI
«MOKllla» - «ce6si CBeCTH K HYJIIO M B3rmrnyTh B JIHU.O
rocno.ny». KaK nepeBeCTH Ha IlOJIHTHqecKHH Sl3bIK 3TH
CJIOBa? KaK no,nBeCTM MTor noJIMTMqecKoii .nesiTeJihHOCTH
raH,z:i;M? Be,z:i;h Te CKpOMHhie 3aBOeBaHHSI, KOTOpbie CBSI3bl-
BaIOTCSI c ero HMeHeM, c,neJiaHhl JIH6o .npyrHMH BOnpeKH
eMy, JIH6o HM caMMM BonpeKH CaTHarpaxe. ITepBhIH B
HCTOpHH OilbIT npMJIO:>I<:eHHSI TOJICTOBCTBa K IlOJIHTHKe OKa-
3aJICSI IlOJIHOH Hey.z:i;aqeli - TaKOB COIJ,MaJibHO-<i>HJIOCO<l>c-
KHH pe3yJihTaT ran.n;M3Ma. ITpaB,z:i;a, co3.z:i;aJiach JiereH,na.
,ll;yMaIO, o.nnaKO, qTo H OHa H,Ll;eT K KOHu,y: HHKaKaSI JiereH,z:i;a
He Bbl,Ll;ep:>I<:HT ,z:i;Byx-Tpex KOH<i>epeHIJ,HH Kpyrnoro CTOJia.
 Hcmo'IHUKU ny6.11uKaquii

«PIOK 3MManyuA OcunOBU'I oe Puwe.11>e». flepBaJI ny611UKlllJUJI - Za3ema

«CezoiJ11J1», Puza, 2, JO, 14, 20 24 ifjeBpa11R 1935 z. fle11amaemcR no K11uze
«flopmpem&1» (m 2), flapuJIC, 1936 z.
«AOaM l/apmop111cKuii 6 Poccuu». flepBafl ny611uKa1JUfl - za1ema «CezoiJ-
llR», Puza, 14, 21, 27, 28 anpe11J1, ll MaR 1935 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no K11uze
«flopmpem&1» (m. 2), flapuJIC, 1936 z.
«)/(01eifiuna Iiozapne u ee zaOaAKa». flep6aJ1 ny611uKa1JuR - za1ema
«CezoiJ11J1», Puza, 3, 9, 18, 23, 28 u1011J1, 3 a6zycma 1935 z. fle11amaemcJ1
no KHuze «flopmpem&1» (m. 2), flapuJ1C, 1936 z.
«floeJOKa HoBocuA1>qeBa». flep6afl ny611uKalJUfl - za1ema «floc11eiJ11ue
1106ocmu», flapuJ1C, 25 ce11mJ16pJ1, 4 0KmJ16p11 1932 z fle11amaemc11 no
K11uze «l011ocm& fla611a Cmpozmto6a u iJpyzue xapaKmepucmuKu», EieA-
zpaiJ, 1935 z.
«I'enepaA lluwezpw». flepBafl ny611uKa111111 - za1ema «floc11eiJ11ue 11060-
cmu», flapuJIC, 30 ce11mJ16pJ1, 7, 11 0KmJ16pR 1928 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no
K11uze «flopmpemw>, Eiep11w1, 1931 z.
«OA1>za )/(epe6qoBa». flep6afl ny611uKa1JUfl - za1ema «P11u», flapuJ1C, 9,
14, 28 ifje6pa1111 1926 z. fle11amaemc11 no K11uze «flopmpemw>, Eiep11w1,
1931 z.
«Kopunna 6 Poccuu». flep6afl ny611uKa11u11 - za1ema «floc11eiJ11ue 11060-
cmu», llapuJ1C, 25 iJeKa6pJ1 1933 z., 1, 7 J1116apJ1 1934 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no
KHuze «l011ocm& fla611a Cmpozmto6a u iJpyzue xapaKmepucmuKu», EieA-
zpaiJ, 1935 z.
«CnepancKuii u oeKa6pucm111». flep6aR ny611uKalJUfl - J1Cyp11a11 «Co6pe-
Me1111&1e wnucKu», flapuJIC, 1925 z., N!! 26. fle11amaemcJ1 no K1mze «llop-
mpembl>>, Eiep11u11, 1931 z.
«A1eflm. flep6afl ny611uKa11u11 - za3ema «floc11eiJ11ue 1106ocmu», flapuJIC,
8, 9, 14, 16 ifje6pa11J1 1930 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no K11uze «PecJ1maJ1 cuM(/jo11uJ1.
AJeifj», u1iJ. 2, flapuJIC, 1936 z.
«CmaAun». flep6afl ny611uKalJUfl - za1ema «floc11eiJ11ue 1106ocmu», fla-
puJIC, 18, 20 iJeKa6pJ1 1927 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no K11uze «Co6peMe1111uKu»,
u1iJ. 2, Eiep11u11, 1932 z.
<<CoBemcKue AIOOu (B KuneMamozpagie)». flep6a11 ny611uKa11u11 - za1ema
«lloc11eiJ11ue H06ocmu», flapuJIC, 5 (/je6pa11J1 1933 z. fle11amaemcJ1 no K11uze
«l011ocm& fla611a Cmpoza1106a u iJpyzue xapaKmepucmuKu», Eie11zpaiJ,
1935 z.
«I'umAep». flep6afl ny611uKalJUfl - za1ema «floc11eiJ11ue 1106ocmu», fla-
puJIC, 12, 13, 17 J1116apJ1 1932 z. fle11amaemc11 no Knuze «flopmpemw>
(m. 2), llapuJ1C, 1936 z.

589
«flUACYOCKUii», flep6aJI ny6AUKGIJU!I - i!G3ema «floc11e011ue 11060CmU»,
llapu:>1e, 19, 20, 22 0Km116pR 1929 z. lle'lamaemCR no Kllu?e «llop-
mpem&1», EepAwt, 1931 z.
«KAeMaHCO», flep6GJI ny611UKGIJUJI - i'G3ema «floc11e01tUe ll060CmU»,
flapu:>K:, 25, 27 Mapma, 1 anpe11J1 1928 z. lle'lamaemcJt no K11uze «Co-
6peMe1111uKu», u30. 2, Eep11w1, 1932 z.
«Epuau». flep6aR ny611uKa1JuR - za3ema «lloc11eo11ue 1106ocmu», llapu:>1e,
19, 20 Rll6apn 1929 z. fle'lamaemcR no K11uze «llopmpembl>>, Eep11w1,
1931 i!.
«&AIOM». flep6GJI ny611UKGIJUR - i!G3ema «/{llU», flapu:>K:, 15 Jl/16GpR
1928 z. lle'lamaemcR no Knuze «Co6peMe1111uKu», U30. 2, Eep11w1, 1932 z.
«JIAOUO j{:HCopOJIC». llep6aJI ny611UKGIJUR - za3ema «floc11eo11ue lto60-
cmu», llapu:>1e, 8, 15, 29 UJOllR 1928 z. fle'lamaemcR no Klluze «Co6peMe11-
11uKu», U30. 2, Eep11w1, 1932 z.
«Yuucmou l/ep11uAAb». llep6aR ny611uKa1JUR - za3ema «lloc11eo11ue 11060-
cmu», flapu:>1e, 21, 24 u1011J1, 7 a6zycma 1927 z. lle'lamaemcR no Kuuze
«Co6peMe1111uKu», U30. 2, Eep11w1, 1932 z.
«KopOAb '1Jeiica11 u nOAK06HUK Jloypeuc». flep6aR ny611uKa1JUR - za3ema
«flOC/leO/IUe ll060CmU», flapU:>IC, J3, 15, 26, 29 OKmR6pR 1933 i!. fle'lama-
emCJI no KllUi!e «l011ocmb lla6/IG Cmpoza1106a u opyzue xapaKmepucmu-
KU», Ee11zpao, 1935 z.
<<I'a11ou». lle'lamaemCR no Knuze nep6ou ny611uKa1Juu - za1ema «lloc11eo-
11ue 1I060cmu», napu:>IC, 8 19, OeKa6pR 1931 i!.
 CO,[(EP)KAHME

AHdpeu lfEPHblllIEB.
Mamepw< «MapK A11da1-1oe»: Heu1eecm1-1aJ1 11acmb 5
«,llJOK 3MMAHYMJI OCMI10BJ1.q
.[(e Pl1IIIEJibE» 13
A,lJ;AM qAPTOPbICKl1M B POCCl111 51
)1{03E<l>l1HA EOrAPHE 11 EE rA.lJ:AJIKA 83
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