Mac OS X - UNIX для всех

SPECIAL FOR NETZ TEAM FROM OPCTXO
9
13
, , 14

15
, ,
17
18
20
21
23
24
25
(Icons) 26
(Mouse)
26
(Windows) 27
(Dialog boxes) 29
(Menu) 29
31
(Shortcuts) 32
(Controls) 32
(Buttons) 33
33
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(Check boxes) 33
(Radio buttons) 34
(Sliders) 34
(Scroll bars) 34
Clipboard () 34
35
35
Bitmap 37
WYSIWYG 38
PostScript 39
TrueType 42
OpenType 44
44
Unicode 46
49
51
52
, , ... 55
ARPA 56
TCP/IP 57
IP- 59
IP- 59
61
63
DHCP 64
DNS 65
ICANN 68
69
FTP, HTTP, WWW
70
FTP 70
71
URL 73
Proxy
74
MIME 75

76
Macintosh 76
Mac OS X 83
AQUA 83
Finder
84
Finder'a 84
Finder'a 92
(Menu)
(Dock)
95
102
104
105
(Windows)
106
(Sheets)
(Icons)
109
109
(Controls)
(Buttons) 110
110
(Check boxes)
(Sliders)
110
110
(Scroll bars)
Pasteboard ()
110
.
Classic, Carbon, Cocoa 1 1 1
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Mac OS X
114

116
. (Domains) 119
System Local 120
Network
124
User 124
.
(Inspector) 126
130
130
131
.
1 3 1
.
Print Center 132
141
Network Utility 146
.
150
151
:
AppleScript. 157
159
Classic 161
ColorSync
163
Date & Time 165

Desktop
168
Displays
168
Dock 170
Energy Saver
170
General 171
International 172
Internet 176
Keyboard
Login
180
182
Mouse 184
Network
184
QuickTime 191
Screen Saver
Sharing
194
196
Software Update
Sound
Speech
197
198
199
Startup Disk 202

Universal Access
202
Users 203
207
Darwin 208
Mach
208
BSD 209
- (I/O Kit)

210
211
213
HFS, HFS+: 215

Mac OS X 217
. . Mac OS X UNIX
219
219
(Bundles) 220
(Kernel Extensions) 221
(Plug-ins) 223
223
Quartz
223
OpenGL 225
QuickTime
225
226
Mac OS X 227
Finder 227
. 227
Desktop Folder 230
230

231
, Mac OS X 232
233
233
root 234

235
(startup). 235
(login) 235
237
1. 239
(Install).
(Uninstall)
239
239
239
(install) 241
(uninstall) 247
2. 249
249
3. 255
Mac OS 9 - Mac OS X 255
4. 257
Windows - Mac OS
257
5. 259
BSD 259
262
270
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25
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(Icons)

(Icons)
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27
. . Mac OS X UNIX

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29
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33
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(Radio buttons)

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bitmap- , , PostScript- , .
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PostScript. Mac OS. Apple
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(antialiasing). Adobe
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PostScript Adobe. PostScript-, , -
41
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, PostScript ( Apple), Adobe

PostScript. Adobe
1, 3.
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TrueType
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1987 , Microsoft. 1989 Apple,
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1991 TrueType.
Microsoft TrueType
Windows 3-1 1992 . TrueType
, Macintosh'ax.
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42
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, . 1995 Windows 95, TrueType Windows. Microsoft TrueType Windows.
Macintosh TrueType .

TrueType ,
PostScript .
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43
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, TrueType , PostScript , .
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48
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49
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50
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(behavior)
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51
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55
. . Mac OS X UNIX
ARPA
Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA)

National Science Foundation (NSF)
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(packet-switching)

ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency),

60- 70-.
,

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.
:
1.
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ARPAnet
NSFnet. , PDP-11, IBM-370,
Burroughs 6500, ILLIAC IV . 1983
ARPAnet , 1992
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.
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56
.

, ,
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TCP/IP

Internet Protocol (IP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
ARPA ,
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. TCP/IP.
TCP/IP ,
.
(Internet Protocol, IP) -
57
. . Mac OSX UNIX
TCP/IP. . . , .

(Transmission Control Protocol, TCP). -
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. TCP/IP
. .
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.
, , . TCP/IP
.
, . :
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UNIX. ,
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58
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(host)
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(network ID)
(host ID)
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10101000 11011001 01111011 00000111
168.217.123.7

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(host ID).
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IP-
IP-
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59
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, . IP-.
.
1-126. , .
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60
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61
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63
. . Mac OS X UNIX
.
TCP/IP . , , . : , . , (port). 0 65 535, IP-,
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DNS
(Domain Name System, DNS)

DNS

DNS
TCP/IP , , ( ),
.
65
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. ,
. . , , ,
, . Domain Name System (DNS).
, , . (domain) DNS ,
. , - ,
, . . .
DNS.
. , :
.com ,
.edu ,
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66
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, DNS, , , (, .com , ). ,
.
, . DNS, ,
,
. , .
,
:
, . DNS
67
. . Mac OS X UNIX
.
. ,
, .
DNS , . DHCP, , , , , , DNS.
, , DNS -, . , DNS
Domain Name System ( ).
DNS , DNS Domain Name Server ( ).
, DNS Domain Name Service
( , , ).
, DNS, , .
ICANN
IP-,
: NIC, InterNIC, IANA, ICANN, ARIN, RIPE, APNIC
IP- ,
.
, (Stanford Research
Institute),
ARPAnet, , , . Network Information Center (NIC). ,
, InterNIC.
, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
, IP-, ,
DNS,
68
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

(ICAAN), , , IANA. ICAAN .
(ARIN , RIPE , APNIC
), , , . , IP-,
,- .

- (Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP)
, TCP/IP, , , . , , ,
?
, (, ),
- (Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP).

: ,
( ),

.
(-) ( ), , ,
( ),
. : , (). , , ? ?
69
. . Mac OS X UNIX
-, (
, )
. .
-,
.
-, ,
, .
.
, , , .
, .
, ,
.
FTP, , WWW
, , ...
? - ?
FTP
(File Transfer Protocol, FTP, ftp)

, 70-... 1983 , - , ... , ,- () . TCP/IP (File Transfer Protocol, FTP).

,
. -
70
,
. FTP , , .
,
HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTP, http
HyperText Markup Language, HTML, html
(browser)
Netscape, Netscape Navigator
(World Wide Web, Web, WWW)
Web-,
FTP . , ,
.
- . . , ,
.
, , , . .
( ), . . ( ) . , . , .
, .

TCP/IP
(HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTP). ,
(HyperText
Markup Language, HTML) ,
(browsers), -
71
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, .
,
. ,
, . ( ) , Web-,
.
, . , , Web-. , , .
,
,
. ,
.
, , NeXT CERN
(). , Netscape
Netscape Navigator. ,
Microsoft,
, , . . ,
, , ... -, ,
. - .
,
,
(World Wide Web, Web, WWW).
Web-. Web-, -,- ,
.
72
( Index.html Default.html), . . Web-, :

, .
URL

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
, . , . ,
, ,
.
, (. , , ). ,
:
IP- , , .
. , ,
,
, Web-. , Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
URL ,
- . URL . URL /,
. HTTP FTP, , gopher.
://. IP- (, www.apple.com 17.254.0.91).
73
. . Mac OS X UNIX
,
. , .
UNIX'a /. ,
, , :
http://www.apple.com:80/news/audio.mp3
URL Web-, (Address).

LJRL , , URL , . , HTTP- Index.html Default.html.
Proxy

(cashing) Web-
proxy-
Proxy
. :
,
. , .
Web-. , , , . , . , . ,
Proxy-, ,
,
.
, Proxy-, , . ,
74
,
, .
Proxy- ,
. , , TCP/IP. ,
HTTP 80, FTP- 20 21.
Proxy- . ,
, . . . , , . (cashing). Proxy-
Web- .
Proxy-,
- . .
MIME
- . ASCII- (US-ASCII).
, .
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
-. , , - .
75
. . Mac OS X UNIX
,
, , . , .
.
, , , , - , .

, , ,
, , .
, ,
,
, .
, ,
, .
, , - ,
, . ,
, .
Macintosh
AppleShare
LocalTalk
AppleTalk
Apple

AppleShare.
76
LocalTalk, RS-422 .
, AppleTalk, .
,
Ethernet. Ethernet AppleTalk
Macintosh.

Macintosh AppleShare
.
TCP/IP .
TCP/IP
,
, TCP/IP , ,
, Macintosh'ax.
Macintosh' () , Windows NT
Microsoft Netware Novell.
AppleShare IP,
AppleShare, TCP/IP, AppleTalk.
Mac OS 9
AppleShare over TCP/IP TCP/IP- .
Macintosh- AppleShare - ,
-.
77
Mac OS X
AQUA 83
.
Classic, Carbon, Cocoa 111
Mac OS X
114
. (Domains) 119
. (Inspector) 126
130
130
.
131
. Print Center 132
. 150
151
: AppleScript. 157
159
Mac OS X
Mac OS X .
AQUA
Aqua

.
Macintosh . - . Apple
.
, , . Aqua . Aqua
: , , , . , , , , ... , ?
Apple , ,
.
, , .
83
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Finder
(Desktop)
Finder
, ,
.
(Desktop) ,
. ,
. Finder. , ,
Finder'o.
Finder Mac OS, , .
Finder
.
Windows
Explorer.
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Finder Macintosh
Mac OS. Mac OS X ,
, , Mac OS X , ,
.
84
Mac OS X
Finder'a, ,
(Toolbar).
- Computer, Home, Favorites,

Applications : , -, ,
; ;
; , .
Back Path .
Finder'a . , , .
Finder'a Customize Toolbar... View,
Finder'a.

, -,
.
85
. . Mac OS X UNIX
- ,
(drag) .
- , .

.
, (default set).
Show : + (Icon & Text), (Icon
Only), (Text Only).
- 3
Finder'a.
- Finder'a , . , Finder'a.
Done ()
Finder'a. Finder .
Finder'a, View View:
- (View as Icons).
86
Mac OS X
3. Finder'a
87
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, , , (View as List).
(View as Columns).
. , - .
Mac OS X ( 255 ). , , -
88
Mac OS X
. , . - , , / .
,
Option. .
Finder'a.
Macintosh'e ,
. Mac OS X .
Finder'a
.
, - .
PC ,
Windows, OpenStep (NEXTstep) Windows.
Path ( ),
.
- - Finder'a
,
. , ,
. Show (Hide) Toolbar
View, Finder'a.
,
Finder'a Web-,
,
, .
, .
89
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, Finder Mac OS X Finder'y Mac OS,

.
Finder'a ,
.
Finder'a
, , . Finder'a , , (. Finder'a).
Show Status
Bar View.
,
,- Go ,
Finder'a. ,
.
Finder Mac OS X .
, ,

90
Mac OS X
, , .
,
, .
/
.
Finder'a.
Mac OS X . , :
Ctrl+F2
,
Ctrl+F3
Ctrl+ ,
Ctrl+F5
,
Ctrl+F6
,
. Ctrl+F6 .
Ctrl+F7
, , .

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Tab
-

. , ,
,

. Tab .

(System Preferences, Keyboard, Full
Keyboard Access). , . , / Ctrl+Fl.
Mac OS X , Macintosh'a
, . ,
91
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Mac OS X, Mac OS, ,

UNIX'a Windows. Macintosh'e
, , . , , Finder'a. . , ,
, Windows, , ;

. Macintosh'e ,
(. OS X).
Finder'a
Max OS X , Finder'a.
Finder'a

. Macintosh'e ,
. Finder'a , .
Finder'a,
Preferences... Finder.

,
Show these items on the Desktop
( )
:
Hard disks ,
Removable media (such as CDs) -,
Connected servers .
92
Mac OS X
Finder'a ( ) (),
Computer.
New Finder Window shows ( Finder'a ).
Always open folders in a new window ,
.
Keep a window's view the same when opening other folders in the
window
, .
Show warning before empting the Trash .
Always show file extensions , , Open SaveAs.
.
93
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, Finder'a,
View, Show View Options
Icon Size
. , Mac OS X
.
Icon Arrangement
:
None ,
Always snap to grid
,
Keep arranged by :
(Name),

(Date Modified),
(Date Created),
(Size),
(Kind).
Finder'a
.
Background ():
White .
Color .
ColorPicker, .
94
Mac OS X
Picture -,
, Select... , .
This window only/Global ( /) Finder'a.
(Menu)
Mac OS X
, .
. Mac OS X Finder.
Mac OS X
Mac OS, .
, , Apple.

Aqua. . Apple ,
Finder'a,
Finder'y, : Sleep, Restart, Shut
Down . , Apple , .
, Go.
, Mac OS X

.
Apple
, (. . 4 Apple).
95
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Finder
Finder. ,
Finder'a (. . 5 Finder).
96
Mac OS X
5. Finder
File
Finder'a (. . 6 File).
Edit
, Finder'a (. . 7
Edit),
97
. . Mac OS X UNIX
6. File
98
Mac OS
7. Edit
View
. ,
, Finder'a ( , , , , ) (. . 8
View).
Go
.
Finder'a. (. . 9
Go).
Window
.
Window.
99
. . Mac OS X UNIX
8. View
. , Window (. . 10 Window).
Help
.
.
.
100
Mac OS X
9. Go
10. Window
(status bar). , , -
101
. . Mac OSX UNIX
, AirPortBase Station.
,

,
. , ,
(drag) .
.
Mac OS X ,

:
Hide Application ( ),
Minimize Window ( ).
(Dock)
(Dock)
Mac OS X
(Dock). (taskbar) Windows, , .
.
, ,
, .
, .
, , Finder'oM: , , ,
Web-.
.
. , , -
102
Mac OS
,
, ,
, .
() .
,
.
.
, .
, .
, ,
.
, >>
(magnification): ,
.
,
, . ,
, . - Mac OS 9.
,
.

, (Trash), .
103
. . Mac OS X UNIX
( ), .

.
,
.
,
, .
Dock Size .
,
,
, .
( ),
.
Magnification () / .
, Magnification.
Automatically hide and show the Dock ( ) , , , .
104
Mac OS X
Position on screen ( ) ,
(Left), (Bottom), (Right).
Minimize using ( ) ,
:
Genie Effect . , .
Scale Effect /,
.
Animate opening application ( )
.
:
Dock
/ (Turn Magnification
On/Off),
/ /
( Hiding On/Off),
(Dock Preferences...),
.
(System Preferences)
Dock .
, , Dock

Option, . , , , .
Option, - Finder'. .

. , , , .
105
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. , .
Tab
.
- , - Mac OS 9 (pop-up windows).
Shift , / .

, .
,
. , , ,
. ,
, . , Mac OS X, .
(Windows)

,
. , . , , . Mac OS .
, . , - . , , , .
. , ,
, , , , . -
106
Mac OS
, ,
. ,
. , , .
,
,- . , , - , , . , , , ,
, (
)
, . Mac OS X , , , .
,
, .
: . , , , . ,
Windows -
.
-
.
, , . , -, -
.

() .
.
(zoom box) Mac OS.
( ), , .
. , ,
107
. . Mac OS X UNIX

,
.
, .

:
,
, . , .
Open
( TextEdit).

, , ,
RTF (Ignore rich text commands),
, .
108
Mac OS
(Sheets)
(Sheets)
,
,
. Mac OS X (Sheets). - ,
. ,
, . , , .
(Icons)
Mac OS X
? , ,
. ,
Mac OS X .
, , . :
, .
: .
.
Mac OS X ,
128 128 , . , ,

Mac OS X. .
, .
Mac OS X, , .
109
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(Controls)
Mac OS X
Mac OS X Mac OS 9, , , .
Aqua.
(Buttons)
Mac OS X ( ). , .
(Check boxes)
(Sliders)
(Scroll bars)
Pasteboard ()
Pasteboard
Mac OS X, Mac OS,
Pasteboard
110
Mac OS
/
(Copy/Paste) / (Cut/Paste). Clipboard. ,
Pasteboard'a. , , Pasteboard , Clipboard'e.
.
Classic, Carbon, Cocoa

Classic, Carbon, Cocoa
Mac OS (Extensions)
... ,
, .
. ,
, , , Mac OS, ,
. , , , .
Mac OS X .
Mac OS X
, :
, Mac OS 8 Mac OS 9. Classic;
, Mac OS X. Carbon;
, Mac OS X.
Cocoa.
Mac OS X
, .
111
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, Mac OS X ,
:
Java,
BSD.
BSD Apple . ,
. ,
BSD. UNIX'e
Macintosh , , Terminal, Mac OS X,- , .
Java, , Java- Mac OS,
Mac OS X - . , , Apple .
Java Java-.
Java Macintosh'ax?
-, .
Mac OS X Java-
Application Program Interfaces (API) Cocoa. , , Mac OS X Object-C, , Java.
, , Mac OS X,
Java.
Mac OS X. , Java UNIX'a PC,
Macintosh Java- ,
Macintosh'a.
Mac OS X Apple Java 2 Java Development Kit (JDK),
112
Mac OS X
Java Virtual Machine (JVM). , Java Macintosh'ax Java-. Macintosh Java-.

UNIX- Mac OS X Sun Solaris
Java-.
Classic, Classic ,
.
, Classic- Mac OS 9.x1

Mac OS X. Classic,
, Mac OS X, , , Mac OS 9.
. , , , , Mac OS X Mac OS 9.x, Mac OS X. Classic
, : Classic Environment
starting from < >.
, Classic .
, , ,
, Mac OS 9.x.
Mac OS 9.x , ,
. , , Mac OS X: ,
. Classic Apple , - .
1
Mac OS 9, Classic, -
OS X. Mac OS X 10.0 Mac OS 9.1,

Mac OS X 10.1 Mac OS 9.2.1 (. .).
113
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Mac OS 9-, Mac OS, (Extensions). , , , , , . ,

, . ,
Mac OS, , Classic. Classic- , . - , .
Classic- Mac OS 9.x -
. .
Mac OS X

(home)
(login)
, root
Mac OS X . , . , (
) . .
Mac OS X
(login),
(Name) (Password). -
114
Mac OS
. ,
.

: , , . , .
.
,
.
, .

, Mac OS X .
, System
Administrator, root,
. , ,
, root
. root'
,
root -
115
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. root'a .
! root , root'a. , , root
(. root (. .).

.
,
, , admin , staff , , .
, , , Finder'e, , staff.
, , . (home). () . .

. ,
.

Users.

Users
,
.
116
Mac OS X
Name .
Kind (, Admin ).
New User... .
Edit User... ( ).
Delete User...
.
(New User... Edit User...)
/. , , . , : Identity Password.
Identiy
Name .
Short Name , , . ,
.
Login Picture

( ),

(login),
,
.
.
117
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, .
-, Choose...
(drag-and-drop) Login Picture Finder'a.
Password
Password .
Verify . , , .
Password Hint . ,
, (. ,
Login).
: , , .
Allow user to administer this computer .
118
Mac OS X
,
.
.
(Domains)

System, Local, Network, User
BSD: /bin, /etc, /usr

. , .
.
,
. , , , .
Mac OS X . . . . . Finder'a
.
,
Mac OS X , .
(domain) ,
, ,
. , ,
. : User, Local, Network, System.
119
. . Mac OS X UNIX
User (). ,
. .
, . , .
Local (). , , ,
. , .
.
Network (). , ,
.
.
System (). , Apple. .
, .
, .
root
System.
System Local
System Local
System Local :
Mac OS X
Applications
Library
System
Mac OS X Mac OS X.
Mac OS X ,
Mac OS 9-, :
Mac OS X
Mac OS 9 Files
System Folder
/ Mac OS 9x/
120
Mac OS X
Applications (Mac OS 9)
Documents
/ OS 9x/
Volumes
, Mac OS 9.x ,
Users Mac OS 9- .
Mac OS X
, ,
(. . 11 System Local). ...
Library .
Library . , , , ,
.
[.
(Bundles)].
Library , . 1 1 . System Local
121
. . Mac OS X UNIX
12. Library
122
Mac OS X
12. Library ()
13. Network
Library. , , Local Network, User (.

. 12 Library).
Classic
Mac OS X
Applications (Mac OS 9)
, , Mac OS X
.
123
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Network
Network
Network , . ,
, , . , (. . 13 Network).
,
. .
User
User
(~)
. ,
.
: Desktop, Documents, Library, Movies,
Music, Pictures, Public, Sites.
Desktop , Finder
.
Documents .
Library .
Movies QuickTime
.
Music .3,
.aiff .
Pictures .
Public , .
Sites (URL')
Web-. Web-.
124
Mac OS
14.
Applications , . - , ,
Applications . (. ).

Mac OS X
Users
<__>
Apple ~
(. . 14 ).
Public
Shared, ,
, .
Shared
Mac OS X
Users
Shared
() Shared. .
,
() BSD, /bin, /etc, /usr.
.
125
. . Mac OS X UNIX
.
(Inspector)
. Inspector.
Inspector Finder'a
Get Info Mac OS. ,

, , .
, Inspector'o,
. ,
Inspector'o, . : (volume), (folder), (application),
(document), (alias). (, , ,
), .
Inspector'a .
Inspector'a ,
, .
/
,

-.
General Information
General Information (.
. 15 Inspector. ).
Stationery Pad
( -).
126
Mac OS
15. Inspector.
Locked .
Name & Extension
Name & Extension
/ .
Hide extension Finder'a
Open () SaveAs ( ).
Mac OS X Inspector'a.
Open with application
Opent with application
, .
,
, , ,
.
, .
, , Other.
.
127
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Change All...
.

Finder'a Mac OS X
Mac OS X
.
Preview
Preview preview .
Privileges
Privileges .
Owner
() .
Group , .
, (. . 16 ).
(. .. 17 ).
, , .
, , Inspector
.
16.
128
Mac OS
(volume)
:
Format () Mac OS Standard, Mac OS
Exended, UFS,
Capasity () ,
Available () ,
Used ()
.
, (Encoding). Roman MacRoman.
Mac OS X .
Privileges

, . Apply.
(application)
.

Web- 17.
129
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(Plug-Ins)
.
(alias)
Select New Original...
, ,
- (,
) .

Fonts , . :
System Local Network Users.
, Mac OS X
System Folder
Fonts
Classic .
, ,
, . .
, , . , , , ,
, , , .
.
130
Mac OS X

,
, . ,
, :
Users Local
Network
System.
, . , , .
.

Information Property List
Mac OS X .
, .
, . , , ,
, .
(Information Property Lists), , Mac OS X ( ).
, [. . (Domains)]. .
131
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, ( )
, .
Finder'a,
.
, , , .
, .
- , ,
, , ,
, ,
. , .
.
Print Center

: Chooser () PrintMonitor
Print Center
: Page Setup, Print

PDF-
Mac OS. OS X

. :
, , .
132
Mac OS
- ,
, , , .
Mac OS Chooser' (). Chooser . Chooser / AppleTalk, ,
. , , . Chooser
Finder'a , . , PrintMonitor.
Mac OS X

Print Center,
Utilities:
Mac OS X
Application
Utilities
, Print Center
.
, .
Print Center :
,
.
Mac OS X ,
- .
133
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, ,
,
.
,
. , , , , .
,
. , : , ,
.

.
, . Mac OS Chooser'a . -
,
.
Print Center (Name), (Kind)

(Status). .
, (default), .
Make Default
Printers
.
Delete
.
Add Printer... .
Mac OS X :
, AppleTalk;
, LPR
TCP/IP (LPR Printers using TCP/IP);
134
Mac OS X
, Mac OS X Server'y, NetInfo- (Directory Services);

, USB- .
.
Mac OS X USB- ,
, ,
, , .
PostScript- Mac OS X ,
, - PostScript Printer
Description (PPD). PPD- - . Mac OS X PPD- ,
Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Tektronix, Lexmark, Xerox.
PPD- ,
- - PPD-, Mac OS,
. PPD-
Library
Printers
PPDs
Contents
Resources
en.lproj
/English/
135
. . Mac OS X UNIX

[. .
(Domains)-)].
/ PostScript-
, - , ,
, ,- , PPD, ,
PPD- Generic. ,
PrintCenter'a
Delete .
, Add Printer...
, Printer Model
, , , PPD-.

PPD- PostScript ,
AppleTalk. ,
.
LPR-, UNIX TCP/IP, PPD-
.
(, ) .
PostScript-,
136
Mac OS X
. , USB- , , ,
. , . - -
.
, USB-. , Mac OS X.
, ,
Printers : .
,
Print Center.

,
.
Hold
.
Resume
.
Delete
.
137
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Stop Queue Queue.

- , . :
Stop Job ,
Stop Queue
,
Delete Job
.
, ,
Page Setup
Print .
Page Setup , Mac OS. , Mac OS X .
138
Mac OS
,
.
.
Format for , .
Paper Size .
Orientation .
Scale ( ).
.
Cancel , Page Setup.
, ,
Print File
Print.
Copies .
Pages , :
All ,
From...to , , From, ,
to.
Preview
Viewer
,
.
Cancel
. , .
Print . ,
Return .
Layout

139
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, .
Output Options

PDF
PostScript.

Save as File
Format . ,
.
Paper Feed

.
Error Handling

.
Summary .
, Save
Custom Setting .

, ,

.

- -
140
Mac OS X
, Print Center
.
Macintosh Macintosh'eM, . Printer Center , ,
, , . .

Netlnfo
Netlnfo
() (Sharing)
Public
Mac OS X Web-
FTP
, telnet

Mac OS X .
Mac OS, , , .
Mac OS X .
, . , Netlnfo. , , NetInfo-.
Netlnfo :
, , , NFS,
, .
, Mac OS X, Netlnfo.
.
141
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Users .
NetInfo, NetInfo Manager.
NetInfo- NetInfo
, NetInfo.
NetInfo- Mac OS X Server .

Macintosh, , .
. ,
.
, , TCP/IP File Sharing.
, ()
, Public
Shared.
Public Drop
Box Write Only ( ).
- .

Public .
, ,
,
Public. root,
, ,
.
Shared , , - .
, .
, - DHCP-,
Windows NT
Windows 2000, TCP/IP .
142
Mac OS X
Mac OS X
Web- Apache. Web-.

Sites. HTML index.html.
Web-,
Sharing, File & Web, Web Sharing Off, Start 1.
Web- - (URL):

, FTP. ,
Allow FTP access ( FTP)
Sharing, File & Web.
FTP
Public. (
). ,
.
, , ,
(
Allow remote login Sharing, Application).
Mac OS X 10.0.1, telnet Secure Shell (SSH). , ,
, :
1. , Allow remote login
.
2. ( , ).
1
, IP-
(. .}.
143
. . Mac OS X UNIX
3. :
, .
, .
, .
Mac OS X ?
-, Macintosh'aM TCP/IP AppleTalk.
Mac OS 9 Mac OS X, TCP/IP;
, AppleTalk'y
-,
WebDAV. ,
, iDisk Apple.
, Mac OS X
SAMBA , Windows NT 2000, UNIX-, SAMBA.
Macintosh'y , :
1. Go
Connect to Server...
2. -
AppleTalk.
3. -
.
4.
Connect.
Windows, :
144
Mac OS X
1. Go Connect to Server...
2. Address
, .
3. Connect.
(URL)
SAMBA :
/
:
DNS- ,
IP-.
SAMBA Mac OS X TCP/IP.
NetBIOS .
, Finder'a
Computer . - ,
.
, , , , . Windows, UNIX'a,
Mac OS X.
, c
OS X, , ,
.

,
,
Public
.

,
Public, -
145
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. , ,
Drop Box Write Only
( ).
, Public,
Drop Box.
, ,
Public
. .
, ,
.
Mac OS X TCP/IP ,
AppleTalk , (legacy). AppleTalk TCP/IP, Mac OS 9 AppleShare over
TCP/IP.

TCP/IP, UNIX- ping,
traceroute , .
Mac OS X Network Utility.
Network Utility

, TCP/IP.
Info /I--
146
Mac OS X
: - (Hardware Address), IP-, (Link Speed),

.
Netstat ,
, .
Ping () . ping,
.
Lookup DNS
().
147
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Traceroute IP-
().
148
Mac OS X
Whois . Please enter a domain address

to look up its whois information.
, .
Finger , -
.
Port Scan ,
TCP/IP .
.
, , . , , !
149
. . Mac OS X UNIX

Internet Connect

( ) ,
Mac OS X Internet Connect.
Internet Connect ,
.
Configuration
.
150
Mac OS X
Telephone Number (
Network).
Password .
Show modem status in menu bar / () .
, ,
Internet Connect, , Network .
- ,
Edit... Network.
Connect -.
Internet Connect
.
Apple Type Solution, ATS

,
Mac OS X
,

Mac OS Mac OS X
Mac OS X , Apple Type

Solution (ATS). ATS
, ,
1, TrueType,
bitmap.

.
-
151
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. Font

Format , . , , , .
Collection () , .
. ATM, ( Adobe
sets), /,
Mac OS X , . /, / .
(. ). ,
Mac OS X
.
Family () ,
.
Typeface :
Regular ,
Italic
,
Bold
,
Bold Italic .
152
Mac OS X
Sizes () .
.
,
, Extras... ().
Add to Favorites Favorites ().
Edit Collections...
. .
Collections .
,
Rename , .

.

.
Done .
Edit Sizes...
, ,
.
Fixed List, 8, 9, 10, 12 .
153
. . Mac OS X UNIX
.
New Size,
Adjustable Slider,
.
Size Min Size ( ). .
Done .
. .
, , , .
Color, . .
, ,
, : RGB, CMYK .
Mac OS X Apple
, Lucida Grande, :
Lucida Grande Regular 13 pt.
System Font
Lucida Grande Bold 13 pt.
System Font (Emphasized)
Small System Font
Lucida Grande Bold 11 pt.
Small System Font (Emphasized)
Application Font
Label Font
, Mac OS X
.
Mac OS X , .
154
Mac OS X
, , .
Classic (). :
Apple ,
.
William Caslon , 1700- , .
Didot
, 1/72 .

.
John Baskerville ,
. Baskerville.
Fun (, ). :
Modern (). , :
PDF. ,
PDF:
155
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Courier,
Helvetica,
Symbol,
Times,
Zapf Dingbats.
Web. , Web-:
Andale Mono,
Arial,
Arial Black,
Brush Script MT,
Comic Sans MS,
Georgia,
Impact,
Times New Roman,
TrebuchetMS,
Verdana,
Webdings.
, Lucida Grande (Hiragino, Osaka)
Unicode-, .
, Local:
Mac OS X
Library
Fonts

Local, .
, Apple, System:
Mac OS X
System
Library
Fonts
. Local System , System -
156
Mac OS
root.
Lucida Grande .
Mac OS X
Classic,
ATS
Fonts, System Folder Mac OS 9x, .
, , Mac OS X, Mac OS 9-.
,
Classic,

Mac OS X
Library
Fonts
, ,
Mac OS X
Users
<__>
Library
Fonts
:
AppleScript.

AppleScript
(Services)
. Mac OS X
.
157
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, , ,
. AppleScript.
AppleScript , , , .
AppleScript . Mac OS X
AppleScript , .
AppleScript-, Finder. AppleScript'a , Print
Center, Internet Connect Terminal. , AppleScript Mac OS X
-, SOAP XML. ,
.
AppleScript- Apple Apple Script Studio. , -
Mac OS 9, . ,
- , .
(Services), , Mac OS . ,
,
. , Services.
. ,
.
, .
, .
, , , : , , , , ,
,

. ,
158
Mac OS X
. , . .
, , .
, . . ,
UniSpell Mac OS X, . , , , , , .

... , .
,
. ...
, , ,
. ,
,
, , . ,
...
System Preferences . Mac OS Control Panels.
.
System Preferences
.
System Preferences...
, Applications, .
159
. . Mac OS X UNIX
System Preferences :
( Finder'a),
, .
, -. ,
- .
.
.
Personal .
: Desktop, Dock, General, International, Login, Screen Saver, Universal Access.
Hardware , : ColorSync, Display,
Energy Saver, Keyboard, Mouse, Sound.
Internet & Network ,
: Internet, Network, QuickTime, Sharing.
System : Classic, Date & Time, Software Update,
Speech, Startup Disk, Users.
160
Mac OS X
, .
. , Show All
.
, .
, .
-.
,
(User Authentication). . , , ,
, System Preferences.
.
- -
, . ,
.
.
Classic
Classic Classic.
161
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Start/Stop (/):
, Mac OS 9.x (Select
a startup volume for Classic). , . , Mac OS 9.x Classic
( ), , , ( ).
Classic
.
Start up Classic on login to this computer.
() Classic Start
(Stop). Mac OS 9.x,
Mac OS X.
, , .
Classic.
Classic Restart, -
Mac OS 9 .
Classic Force
Quit. .
Advanced ():
Classic (Sleep) (Put Classic to sleep when it is inactive for). .
Mac OS 9.x (Desktop DB)
Rebuild Desktop. , Finder'a, ,
.
Restart Classic Classic
(Turn Off Extensions).
, Classic - Mac OS 9-x.
162
Mac OS
(Open Extensions Manager). ,

Classic.
, Classic (Use Key Combination). , ,
.
ColorSync
ColorSync .
:
, .
Device Profiles ICC- .

: Input (),
Output (), Display () Proof ().
, , ,
,
, , .
163
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, , Document Profiles : RGB Default, CMYK Default, Gray Default, Lab Default.
CMMs (Preferred CMM). (Automatic).
: Web-
.
. Export Workflow... Import
Workflow... ( ) .
164
Mac OS X
Date & Time

. / / ,
, ,
.
: .
Network Time ( ) Use network time
server ( ). NTP
Server (Apple Americas, Apple Asia, Apple Europe) Set
165
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Time Now ( ). ,
.

. Date & Time
.
.
, / .
: ,
. ,
.
.
,
( ).
: (Current Time), ,
-
, . , , . ,
: , .
.

.
Save .
Revert .
, .
, .
.
, Time Zone.
, .
166
Mac OS X
, .
. , . , Russia-Moscow. , , MSD.
Menu Bar Clock ( ).
Show the clock in the menu bar / . Options ,
: (View as Text) (View as Icon).
167
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Display the time with seconds / .

Append AM/PM to the time / AM (do ) ( ),
.
Show the day of the week / .
Flash the time separators / () , , .
Desktop
Desktop.
Mac OS X .
Collection
, (Choose
Folder...). .
Displays
Display
: (Resolutions), (Colors), (Refresh Rate).

. Apple
168
Mac OS X

(. .17 ).
17.
Color . , , Calibrate.
169
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Dock
Dock .
Dock Size ( ).
Magnification .
Automatically hide and show the Dock , .
, .
Position on screen :
Left , Bottom , Right .
Animate opening applications /
.
Minimize using -
.
Genie Effect .
Scale Effect /.
Energy Saver
Energy Saver . , .
170
Mac OS X
.
, , (sleep).
5 .
,
.
General
General .
Appearance
, , .
171
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Highlight color .
Place scroll arrows - :
At top and bottom ,
Together .
Click in the scroll bar to :
Jump to next page ,
Scroll to here ,
.
Number of recent items ,
(Recent items). ,
.
rn off text smoothing for font sizes ... and smaller , ( ) .
International
International
.
Language .
, .
(Language) .
,
. Finder
,
. () .
, ,
Mac OS X, -
172
Mac OS X
.
, Languages. , .
! Mac OS X
. -,

, .
,
Russian Languages . !
Edit... ,
.
Script
, Behaviors ,
, , .
Date , , ,
173
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. . , , ,
, (). ,
.
Leading zero for day , .
Leading zero for month .
Show century .

(). - ,
.
Time .
24-Hour clock/12-Hour clock 24- 12 .
Before Noon After Noon , (AM, PM).
Separator -
( ).
Use leading zero for hour .
174
Mac OS X
Numbers .
- Decimal -
.
- Thousands -
.
Symbol Currency () ,
, $ . . Before number ( -
175
. . Mac OS X UNIX
)/fter number ( ) .
Keyboard Menu
. ,
.
.
Options... ,
.

+ ,
+ti+ .
Font and keyboard synchronization .
, Cancel .
Internet
Internet ,
.
iTools Apple. iTools , Apple -
176
Mac OS X
Macintosh'e, Mac OS X. iTools , 20 Apple (iDisk), .

Web-
Apple, iTools.
,
:
iTools Memeber Name .
Password iTools.
iTools,
, Free Sign Up ( ). ,
.
Email .
Default Email Reader , . .
Use iTools Email account iTools .
Email Address . Use iTools Email
177
. . Mac OS X UNIX
account, ,
.
Incoming Mail Server , IP- , .
Account Type , . I (Internet Mail Access
Protocol). , .
IMAP , . , , (Internet Service Provider, ISP).
User Account ID ,
Password .
Outgoing Mail Server IP- , .
/, .
.
.
Web Web- .
Default Web Browser , . .
Page (URL) ,
.
178
Mac OS X
Search Page (URL) Web-,

.
Download Files To (
), , .
Select... ,
.
News (News).
.
. ,
, , -
179
. . Mac OS X UNIX
- ,
, , -
. , - .
, .
Default News Reader , .
News Server IP- .
Connect As , : (Registered User), , (Guest).
,
. ,
User Account ID , Password .
Keyboard
Keyboard .
Repeat Rate .
. - , , , .
180
Mac OS X
.
, , , ,
.
Delay Until Repeat .
Key Repeat Rate
.
Type here to test settings .
- . , .
Full Keyboard Access

.
rn on full keyboard access / .
Ctrl+Fl.
For windows and dialogs, highlight , :
181
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Text input fields and lists only .

Any control .
Ctrl+F7 , ,
.
Use Control with ,
Ctrl :
Function keys (F2, F3, F5, F6),
Letter keys (m, d, t, u),
Custom keys , .
, :
Ctrl+F2 ,
Ctrl+F3 ,
Ctrl+ ,
Ctrl+F5 ,
Ctrl+F6 ,
.
Login
Login
Mac OS X (login).
182
Mac OS X
Login Items , .
Add... .
Remove .
Hide , .
Login Window
(login).
Automatically login
- ,
Name () Password () .
, . ,
,
.
Display Login Window as :
Name and password entry fields
.
List of users with accounts on this computer , .
Show Other User in the list for network users
, .
183
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, , .
Disable Restart and Shut Down buttons .
Show password hint after 3 attempts to enter a password . Users .
Login
/ , ,
- .
Mouse
Mouse
(Tracking Speed) , ,
(Double-Click Speed).
Double-click here to test .
Network
Network . Configure
: Ethernet (Built-in Ethernet) o (Modem Port).
Ethernet'y
.

.
Ethernet.
TCP/IP TCP/IP.
Configure TCP/IP-: (Manually),
(BootP) DHCP-.
184
Mac OS
DHCP-cep IP- :
.
Domain Name Servers DNS,
IP-
, DHCP- , DHCP-, .
, :
IP Address IP- ;
Subnet Mask .
,
;
Router , ,
- (
);
Domain Name Servers DNS, ;
Search Domains , .
TCP/IP (-) . :
185
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, -. ,
.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk ( Make AppleTalk Active) , AppleTalk- , ,
(AppleTalk Zone).
186
Mac OS X
Proxies Proxy ( ).
(Modem Port).
TCP/IP, Ethernet, TCP/IP.
Configure
(Manually) (Using PPP).
187
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, TCP/IP .
.
Service Provider -.
.
Telephone Number ,
.

.
Account Name - .
Password .
Save Password ,
.
Options...
-, :
Connect automatically when starting TCP/IP application - , -
188
Mac OS X
TCP/IP, Web- .
Prompt every <...> minutes to maintain connection
<...> . , .
-
.
Disconnect if idle for <...> minutes
.
Disconnect when user logs out
(logout).
Redial if busy :
Radial <...> times ,
Wait <...> seconds before redialing ( ) .
Send echo packets - .
Use TCP header compression TCP/IP, .
Connect using a terminal window (command line)
. ,
SecurID RSA Security.
Use verbose logging
(log-),
. , :
1. Console ( Application/Utilities).
2. Open log File.
3. Go to /private/tmp.
4. Open.
5. Open log ppplog. Open.
189
. . Mac OS X UNIX
. Console
, (log-).
/var/log/.
, a Cancel .
Proxies Modem Port , Ethernet, Proxy-.
Modem .
Modem ,
.
Sound /
.
, .
Dialing Tone/Pulse , ( ).
Wait for dial tone before dialing (), .
190
Mac OS X
Active Network Ports . ?

Ethernet-, , . , , Ethernet- , Ethernet-.
, . - , (On) .
QuickTime
QuickTime QuickTime.
Plug-In QuickTime
(Plug-In) Web-.
Play
movies automatically Web-
-
191
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, ,
.
Save movies in disk cache -, .
Enable kiosk mode . , -, .
MIME Setings... -
, QuickTime (QuickTime
Plug-In),
Connection ( Connection Speed), QuickTime

,
on-line.
allow multiple simultaneous streams , . .
Transport Setup... (stream) .
Auto Configure .
Music
MIDI . QuickTime
Music Synthesizer.
, Make Default.
192
Mac OS X
Media Keys () .
Update QuickTime.
Update or install QuickTime software ( QuickTime) Install new 3rd-party
QuickTime software (
193
. . Mac OS X UNIX
) , :
QuickTime ,
QuickTime.
Update Now...
. Apple
, .
Check for updates automatically
QuickTime.
Screen Saver
Screen Savers
(Screen Savers).
Screen Savers .
Screen Savers .
Configure
.
Test Screen Saver .
Open Energy Saver , .
Activation .
194
Mac OS
Time until screen saver starts ,

.
Password to use when waking the screen saver :
Do not ask for a password .
Use user account password
.
Hot Corners ( )
()
.
, ,
: .
, ,
- -
195
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, , .
Sharing
Sharing () .
File & Web .

Start File Sharing Off Public . , Start Stop,
.
Start (Stop),
Web Sharing Off (On), ()
Web-, Sites.
Allow FTP access FTP .
Computer Name , .
IP- ( ) . -
196
Mac OS X
, , -
Web-.
Edit...
TCP/IP, .
Application
.
,
Allow remote login.
Allow Remote Apple events (Apple events),

. .
Allow Mac OS 9 computers to use remote Apple events Apple events , Mac OS 9.
Software Update
Software Update , .
Update Software (Manually)
(Automatically) .
197
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Check for updates : (weekly), (monthly) .

Update Now
.
Show Log (Log-).
Sound
Sound .
Alerts (alerts).
Choose an alert sound .
198
Mac OS X
Alert Volume - .
Main Volume .
Play alerts through
-. -
.
Mute .
Show volume in menu bar
( ).
Output
( ), .
Settings for selected device
.
Speech
Speech
.
Speech Recognition .
Mac OS X, Mac OS, . , -
199
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, Apple Speakable Items. Speakable Items.

Mac OS X
, . Speech Commands . , : Open Speech Commands Window (
), (. ).

. Esc . ,
.
On/Off /
.
Apple Speakable Items is On/Off
/ .
Open Speakable Items at log in .
Play sound when recognized
,
.
Speak text feedback ,

.
200
Mac OS X
Open Speakable Items Folder

.
Helpful Tips-
, .
Listening .
Listening Method Listen only while key is pressed
Change Key...

.
Key toggles listening on and off : ,
.
Text-to-Speech
.
Voice , .
:
Language
,
Gender
, ,
Age
,
Description .
Rate .
Play
201
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Startup Disk
Startup Disk .
Macintosh , . , , .
Macintosh'e ,
Option.
,
Startup Disk. .
,
Restart.
Universal Access
Universal Access , .
202
Mac OS X
Keyboard ,
.
Sticky Keys
(shortcuts).
Set Key Repeat... ,
(. Keyboard).
Show pressed keys on screen .
when a modifier key is set

-.
Mouse , .
Mouse Keys / , 4
,6
8
,2
,5 ( ).
Option / .
control mouse pointer movement (Initial Dilay)
(Maximum Speed).
Users
Users .
. ,
.
203
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Users.
Users , .
Name .
Kind (, Admin ).
New User... .
Edit User... ( ).
Delete User... .
(New User... Edit User...)
/. , , . , : Identity Password.
Identiy
Name .
Short Name , .
,
.
Login Picture ( ),
(login),
204
Mac OS X
, .
.
, .
- Choose...
(drag-and-drop) Login Picture Finder'a.
Password
Password .
Verify . , , .
Password Hint . , , (. , Login).
:
, , .
Allow user to administer this computer .
,
.
205

Darwin 208
223
226
Mac OS X 227
233
206

.
. .
Mac OS X

- . ,
, . ,
- .
.
. -.
,
.
Mac OS X 4- .
Aqua.
: Classic, Carbon, Cocoa, Java.
: Quartz, OpenGL,
QuickTime. , , , - , Darwin.
...
207
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Darwin
,
Darwin, Mach 3.0, BSD 4.4
. , Darwin.
,
, , . Mac OS X . c
OS X ,
. Darwin , : Mach 3.0;
BSD 4.4-Lite; , ; - (I/O Kit); .
Darwin , .
Mach
Mach ( Carnegie-Mellon University)

Darwin, . , ,
208
, .
. Mach ,
-
. :
, , .
.
. Mach
, , ,

.
. Mac OS X 4 .
. Mach

.
, ,
. , , ,
. Mach , .
. , ,
Mach .
BSD
BSD

BSD-,
Mach, BSD Mac OS X BSD 4.4-Lite

(Berkeley Software Distribution, University of California at Berkeley).
BSD Darwin Mac OS X . , BSD :
209
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, ,
,
BSD- ,
BSD sockets,
(POSIX threads),
Application Program Interface (API) .
- (I/O Kit)
-
plug-and-play

- (I/O Kit) -
. , , . :
plug-and-play,
( ),
18.
210
,
, ,
.

OpenTransport
BSD- TCP/IP
AppleTalk
multihoming
(multicast)
(routing)

Ethernet
(AirPort)

Mac OS X OpenTransport. OpenTransport Mac OS X
, Mac OS 8 9,
- .
, Mac OS X :
TCP/IP BSD 4.4,
IP AppleTalk,
IP-
(multihoming),
(routing),
multicast,
AppleTalk socket,
Mac OS Classic,
(OpenTransport),
Carbon.
Mac OS X (. . 18
).
211
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Mac OS X (.
. 19):
19.
Network
Kernel Extensions. , () , .
Mac OS X: Web Apache Mac OS X .
212

Mac OS X

URL- AppleShare- Web-

HFS, HFS+, UFS
' CD /DVD- UDF, ISO 9660
AFP, NFS
Mac OS X . BSD ,
(Virtual File System, VFS). ,
Mac OS:
, (ID),
, USB Firewire-).
URL ,
AppleShare- Web-.
( 255 , 755 UTF-8).
- ,
(. ),
Mac OS X .
, Mac OS X,
20 .

. , HFS MacRoman- . HFS+
Unicode 2.1 UTF-16, 16- . UFS
Unicode 2.1, UTF-8. , ,
213
. . Mac OS X UNIX
20.
2 1 .
HFS Mac OS X, , .
Mac OS X ,
(. . 21
).
Mac OS X . ,
.
.
214
HFS, HFS+:

(resource fork), (data fork)
/ Mac-; BinHex-

Finder'a
(type), (creator)
HFS HFS+
, (forks).
(resource fork) , , , , , , .
.
(data fork) . .
- ; - :
, , .
,
.
, Macintosh-
. .
, :
, Mac- BinBex. . - HFS HFS+
. .
Apple HFS HFS+, , . , ,
Mac OS X, .dfont, , ,
, .
, Max OS X , -
215
. . Mac OS X UNIX
[. (bundles)].
, Finder'a. Finder'o
().
Mac OS X , Finder'oM.
:
(bundle bit),
(invisible bit),
- (type & creator),
(custom icon).
, Findre'OM:
,
(view),
(label).
, (creator) (type). Finder'y
() .
-, Finder'a :
, ,
.
- . Finder - . , . : , .
, ,
. , , . , , , , .
, ,
,
, . -
216
, .

: ,
.
Mac OS X

Mac OS X
Mac OS ,
Macintosh'ax, PC, a Mac OS X , UNIX'OM. ,
.
,
. ,
.doc Microsoft Word.
, ,
, Finder , .
Mac OS File Exchange :
, .
( ), .
.
.
, type
creator , , . , , , Apple, .
, . ?
Mac OS X , . Finder Mac OS X -
217
. . Mac OS X UNIX
HFS HFS+,
. Apple
.
Macintosh'e . Mac OS X 10.1, Apple
(File extension hidden flag).
, , . , ,
: , (What you see is what
you type), , Finder'o, ,
Save
Finder'e :
,
. , Finder , , Image.jpg.
, MyPicture, .jpg , Finder'oM
MyPicture.
, , MyPicture.jpg.
.
Use... , .
Keep... .
, ,
. Finder'a ,
. Finder'a, ,
218
, ,
Inspector'o
.

Mac OS X
Mac OS X
HFS HFS+ . UFS . Mac OS X , ,
,
, , . Finder , . Finder ,
. ,
.
Mac OS X BSD-
.

: , , ,
Mac OS X, UNIX'OB, () .
/ . , ,
. .
, , . , , , .
219
. . Mac OS X UNIX
,
. . Mac OS X

BSD.
, . :
quota
-
/ ,
edquota - (/) ,
quotaon - ,
edquota.
, UNIX'a, man:
man quota, man edquota, man quotaon.
(Bundles)
(bundle)
:
(application)
(framework)
(bundle)
()
Mac OS X (bundle). .
.
,
, , .
, , . .
, ; ,
. -
220
. , . Finder . , , drag-and-drop. , , ,
Finder . ,
Finder , ,
.
.
. Mac OS X : (applications), (frameworks) (bundles). , ,
, .
, -
. , : Palette Plug-In. ,
,
.
: . -,
.framework , .bundle
.
.kext. Finder . - -.
(Kernel Extensions)
(Kernel Extension, KEXT)
(Network Kernel Extension, NKE)
(KMOD)
Mac OS X , .
(Kernel Extension, KEXT).
, . ,

(Network Kernel Extension, NKE), - .
221
. . Mac OS X UNIX
(bundles), , Finder'o . :
(Information property list) XML, ,
.
.
(KMOD). Mach ( Mach-O), , . KMOD ,
.
KMOD. Information property list
KMOD .
(resources) , .
.
, , , .
:
System
Library
Extensions
,
, , ,
. .
Apple , ,
, ,
, , (Plug-In)
(, QuickTime). , , Extensions Mac OS 9, Mac OS X.
, .
222
(Plug-Ins)
(Plug-Ins)
Mac OS X (Plug-Ins),
.
, .

, ,
.
, , ,
. , ,
.
, , .
. ,
.
Mac OS X
: Quartz, OpenGL, QuickTime.
Quartz
Quartz
Core Graphics Rendering
Quartz
Quartz Mac OS X,
. Quartz : Core Graphics Services Core Graphics
223
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Rendering. Core Graphics Services

, , .
(2D-Rendering),
, , Core
Graphics Rendering, .
, , : , . Portable
Document Format (PDF). PDF PostScript'a,
: ,
,
, , , ,
(runtime support).
Core Graphics Rendering
, , , PDF-
22. Quartz
224
PDF , , bitmap, , PostScript.

PDF . , Preview .
Quartz (. . 22 Quartz).
OpenGL
OpenGL
OpenGL D-. , , , .
OpenGL Rendering- , Core Graphics Rendering Quartz".
QuickTime
QuickTime Mac OS X

QuickTime
QuickTime .
, , , , , ,
, . QuickTime
: PICT, BMP, GIF, JPEG,
PNG. : AVI, AVR, DV, M-JPEG, MPEG-1, OpenDML. QuickTime HTTP,
RTP, RTSP.
QuickTime , ,
.
Rendering- Core Graphics Rendering.
225
. . Mac OS X UNIX
QuickTime 6 MPEG-4, AAC (Advanced Audio Coding), Flash 5 .
Core Audio Hardware Abstraction Layer

MIDI
32 / 96
Macintosh , , . Macintosh'e - . Mac OS X
. .
, ,
, , , . Macintosh 10 . . ,
(Core Audio Hardware Abstraction Layer), 1 ,
.
Mac OS 9
. . Mac OS X , , , , Surround sound .
MIDI (Musical Instrument
Digital Interface).
(Music Services)
, , (Cut),
(), (Paste), (Repeat), .
Mac OS X 24 / 96 . , Core Audio -
226
32- . , , 32- .
Mac OS X
Mac OS X
Mac OS. , Mac OS X .
Finder
.

, .hidden
Finder'a
HFS+ UFS
UFS- , , (preferences). UNIX'e .
Mac OS Apple

.
.
Mac OS X , HFS HFS+, UFS.
, , , Finder .
, .hidden, , .
, , :
227
. . Mac OSX UNIX
Desktop DB
Desktop DF
bin
dev
usr
Finder , ,
. Finder'a, - , :
:
1. ?
, Finder , ;
(. . 4).
2. (bundle)?
, , .
. , , (frameworks) Apple .
3. ?
Finder - ,
-. ( , ) Finder .
- , Finder
,
.
, , .
4. ?
- ( )
Finder ., , (application's information
property list), . , .
.
Finder . , .
228
, Finder ( HFS, HFS+)

( UFS). ,
, .
,
.
, Finder ,
.
.
, , (
HFS HFS+), Finder .
, , , Finder , ,
. - Open, .
Finder Mac OS X. Finder'a ,
AppleScript BSD-.
?
Finder ,
, .
Finder HFS HFS+, , . UFS-.
HFS, HFS+ UFS
.
Finder , ( Finder'a,
), , ,
, ._.
. , ,
MyPicturejpeg HFS+ UFS, -
229
. . Mac OS X UNIX
._MyPicture.jpeg ,
MyPicture.jpeg.
Finder UFS- HFS+ HFS,

, ._, ,
Finder Finder'a , . , , , , , .
HFS, HFS+ NTFS FAT32 Windows. , .
. UFS ,
. HFS+ ,
.
UFS HFS+.
Desktop Folder
Finder Mac OS X , Finder Mac OS 9, Desktop Folder. Mac OS 9 , Mac OS X
(home). , Mac OS X
. Mac OS 9 Desktop
Folder'OB . Mac OS X Desktop Folder ,
, .

.
Mac OS , ,
(layer). Mac OS X .
, ,
.
230

PDF

preview

Mac OS X . ,
.
. Page Setup Print, .
Mac OS X:
Print Center , , , .
PDF .
PDF. Print
Print Center. PDF-
( ) ,
Classic.
: PostScript- 1, 2 3, (, )
.
.
Mac OS X .
: . :
Print Center, ,
.
,
.
: , , , -.
231
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, - ,
. .
-
,
USB, AppleTalk, Directory Services, LPR. .
Print Center, (, , )
: ,
, . .
Print Print
, . ( , job tickets) .
, Print
Center'a . ,
PDF . .
PDF , , PostScript. , ,
- .
.
, Mac OS X

antialiasing Mac OS X
Mac OS X :
Macintosh TrueType font suitcase,
Windows TrueType TTF/TTC,
PostScript OpenType Roman,
PostScript OpenType CID Chinese,
232
PostScript Type 1 Macintosh- bitmap-

(LWFN),
Macintosh PostScript Type 1 font suitcase (SFNT),
Macintosh PostScript Type 1 CID (SFNT/CID).
Mac OS X PostScript Type 1 Multiple Master.
PostScript Apple
(antialiasing) ATM Light Adobe,
Mac OS X Adobe Type Manager.
ATM Mac OS X .

. .
, Disk Utility
(Open Disk Utility...).

, . ,
()
.
,
. , . ,
- ? ?
Reset Password... -.
, , ,
- .
233
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Reset Password ,
.
root
Apple ,
root ,
root.
, , .
Apple , , root. , Installer () Updater ( ).
, , root , . -

,
root. :
.
NetInfo Manager,
Applications/Utilities .
Enable Root User Domain, Security.
root, .
. Change Root Password Domain, Security.
234
, root, Disable Root User

Domain Security.

, __> Deleted, (owner) . ,
. <__> Deleted , , :
(startup).
(login)
, Mac OS X
, ,
. , ,
, (.
. 23 ).
Verbose. .
PC
1
sudo .
235
. . Mac OS X UNIX
23.
24.
Windows. Macintosh'e , ,
.
Single User. Verbose. ,
, Verbose, BSD, UNIX'a.
Open Firmware. Open Firmware IEEE-
.

, .
- ,
,
. Open Firmware > set-defaults bye.
236
+Option+Shift+Delete, , Mac OS, , - , , , .

Mac OS X . root . .
System Administrator. root UNIX' , System
Administrator Macintosh'e. . ,
, (. . 24 ).

, . Mac OS X
( , )
, Mac OS, CCL-.
, CCL- Mac OS 9 ( ), Mac OS X.
Mac OS X
Library
Modem Scripts
CCL- ,
Communication
Command Language (CCL).
, , Apple , Apple Remote Access.
***
Mac OS X .
, , , .
.
237
1.
(Install).
(Uninstall)

Mac OS X Macintosh
:
Power Mac G4 ( Cube),
Power Macintosh G3,
PowerBook G4,
PowerBook G3 ( G3),
iMac,
iBook.
:
128 (RAM);
Apple
: IXMicro, ATI, nVidia;
1,5 .

1. Mac OS X PowerBook G3 ( USB), Power Macintosh G3 (Beige) iMac , , , D, 8 (), , ,
239
. . Mac OS X UNIX
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
240
Mac OS X, 8 .
Mac OS X USB- FireWire-
.
SCSI- Apple, ,
.
Mac OS X firmware , .
. - Mac OS X Firmware Updater, .
,
Firmware Updater ,
.
Mac OS X ,
Mac OS 9.x ( ), ,
HFS+. ,
Mac OS 9.x, , !
Mac OS X Mac OS 9. Classic-
.
Mac OS 9.
Mac OS X. .
- Mac OS 9.
Mac OS X.
Mac OS 9.x
Classic, , , .
, Mac OS X Mac OS 9.x.
Mac OS X Mac OS 9.. ,
- , Mac OS X
Classic.
Mac OS 9.,
( Mac OS X).
, - Mac OS X Mac OS 9- Startup

Disk.
Web- Apple. ,
.
Mac OS X, (System
Preferences) Startup Disk .
, . .
7. ... - - , -
Mac OS X , , -. Mac OS X . Mac OS 9.x.
, -t-Option+Shift+Delete,
,
.
(install)
Mac OS X
-. .
.
- ,
:
, - , ( - ). , Install Mac OS X . Restart.
, - , . -
241
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Startup
Disk. -
Restart.

, , - ,
, .
,
(Preparing Installation...).
: . . , . ,
,
. , .
:
1. .
Select language ( ).
, :
Use English for the main language.
Continue, .
2. .
Welcome to the Mac OS X Installer.
. . , .
Introduction () ,
. Continue.
Read Me () ,
Mac OS X, . Continue , Go Back
.
License () .
Continue. .
242
Select Destination ( ) , , ,
Mac OS X.
, - .
, ,
,
1,1 ,
.
Erase destination and format as Mac OS Extended ( Mac OS Extended,
HFS+) . , . , ,
, .
Installation Type ( ) : (, Easy) (Custom).
BSD UNIX (BSD Subsystem)
(Additional Print Drivers).
,
Install.
Installing (). ,
, -
. . .
, Pause.
Finish Up ( ) ,
. 30- .
,
Restart.
,
, ,
, .
243
. . Mac OS X UNIX
1. Welcome ().
, . ,
, . ,
Show All ( ) .
2. Personalize Your Settings ( ).
, ,
. , ,
.

Continue.
3. Registration Information ( ).

, , ,
.
4. A Few More Questions ( ):
?
Where will your primarily use this computer?
.
?
What best describes what you do?
.
Apple , ?
/ would like Apple to contact me with important news and infornmation
related to my purchase.
(Yes), (No).
?
/ would companies with related products to contact me.
(Yes), (No).
Continue.
5. Create Your Account ( ).
Mac OS X ,
( ) . .
:
244
(Name),
(Short Name),
(Password),
(Verify),
(Password Hint).
, .
, .
6. Get Internet Ready ( ).
, -, .
I'll use my existing Internet service ( -).
not ready to the Internet ( ).
7. How do you connect? ( ?)
, , :
(Telephone modem),
(Local area network),
(Cable modem),
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line),
AirPort (AirPort wireless).
Continue .
.

, ,
(DHCP), IP-. TCP/IP, IP-, , , DNS
( ), Proxy- ( ).
8. Get Wools ( Wools). , Mac OS X, Apple

( ) 20 . iTools.
iTools . -
245
. . Mac OS X UNIX
iTools,
iTools Web- Apple.
iTools , ,

iTools.
I'd like to create my iTools account ( iTools).
I'm already using iTools ( iTools).

(User Name) (Password) iTools.
not ready for iTools (
iTools).
, Continue .
9. Now you're ready to connect ( ). , iTools. , Apple
.
10. Setup ( ). Mac OS X
. ,
Apple. ,
.
Use mac.com email account (
Apple).
Add my existing email account ( , ).
:
(Email Address),
( IP-) , (Incoming Mail Server), (POP, IMAP),
(User Account ID),
(Password),
( IP-) ,
(Outgoing Mail Server).
Continue .
11. Select Time Zone ( ).
, -
246
.
Russia-Moscow.
Continue.
12. Thank You (). ,
. .
Go -.
,
Mac OS X.
(uninstall)
, Apple Mac OS X
(uninstall). Mac OS X :
1. (backup) .
Mac OS , , / .
2. , , ,
Mac OS X.
3. ResEdit
.
4. Startup Disk Mac OS X
Mac OS . ,
Mac OS.
5. , Mac OS X, , Applications (Mac OS 9) , , System Folder, Mac OS , Mac OS X.
6. ResEdit invisible () :
automount, bin, dev, mach_kernel, Network, private, sbin, usr,
Volumes, .Trashes.
.
1. ,
.
247
. . Mac OS X UNIX
2. , UNIX'a:
cores, etc, trap, var. . Mac OS X ,
, tmp (Mac OS 9), var (Mac OS 9),
. ! , root'a
Terminal.
:
cd
; ,
.
248
2.

Apple
.
, -
Apple
249
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Apple ()
Finder ( Finder) , Finder'a.

Finder
File Finder'a.
File
250
File ()
251
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Edit Finder'.
Edit
View
. , ,
Finder'a ( , , , ,
).
View
252
View ()
Go Finder'a.
.
Go
253
. . Mac OS X UNIX
Go ()
Window. .
Window
Help. .
254
3.
Mac OS 9 Mac OS X
, Mac OS X, ,
Mac OS 9, Mac OS X.
255
. . Mac OS X UNIX
()
256
4,
Windows Mac OS
, Windows, , Mac OS.
257
. . Mac OS X UNIX
()
258
5.
BSD
UNIX' Mac OS X, Apple

Macintosh'e, ,
. , . , UNIX, .
Terminal BSD UNIX'a.
(single user).
, .
single user,
Mac OS X +S.

BSD UNIX'a, Mac OS X. . UNIX'OM,
. man
.
259
. . Mac OS X UNIX
()
260
()
261
. . Mac OS X UNIX
, Graphical
User Interface
,
sheets
Mac OS X
,
dialog box
,
volume
, Dock
Mac OS X
IP-,
IP-,
,
hierarchical file system
,
icon
262
,
.
IP-
IP-
,
clipboard

Mac OS
,
pasteboard

Mac OS X
,
,

,
,
hard drive
,
,
()
,
router
32- IP-,
263
. . Mac OS X UNIX
menu
,
mounting
,
,
,
style
,
window
,
alert box
,
,

, bundle
Mac OS X
,
folder
, ,

IP-,
-
264
, , ,

,
raster
, ,
, host
, , TCP/IP
, font
, controls
, . :
, , , ,
,
AirPort
802.11b .
Apple
Apache
Web-
AppleScript
265
. . Mac OS X UNIX
AppleShare
Mac OS
AppleTalk
Mac OS
Aqua

Mac OS X
ARPA
, 60- 70- ,
ATS, Apple Type

Solution

Mac OS X
bitmap
BSD
Unix, Mac OS X
Classic, Carbon,
Cocoa

Mac OS X
Darwin
Mac OS X
DHCP, Dynamic Host

Configuration
Protocol
IP-
DNS, Domain Name

Syatem
IP-
266
File Sharing
Finder
Mac OS,
FTP, File Transfer
, TCP/IP
Protocol
HTTP, Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
HTML, Hypertext
Markup Language
ICAAN
, IP-

ISO 9660
(CD-ROM)
LocalTalk
Macintosh'a
login
Mach
Mac OS X
MIME
Netlnfo
, Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, OpenSTEP
NeXT
267
. . Mac OS X UNIX
OpenGL
OpenStep, NeXTStep
NeXT
OpenTransport
Mac OS,

OpenType
,
PostSript TrueType
. Adobe
Microsoft
POP3
PostScript
Print Center
Mac OS X
Proxy
Quartz
Mac OS X,
QuickTime

Mac OS
TCP/IP
, ,

268

TrueType
,
Apple
Microsoft
UDF
DVD-
UFS
UNIX
Unicode
,

, ,

URL, Uniform
Resource Locator
()

UTF-8, UTF-16,
UTF32

Unicode, 8-, 16- 32-
world wide web, www
WYSIWYG, What You

See Is What You Get
269
AirPort 102
Apache 143
Apple Type Solution
AppleScript 158
AppleShare 77
AppleTalk 77
Aqua 207
AREA 56
ATS 151
bitmap 38
BSD 58
Carbon 111
Classic 111
Clipboard 34
Cocoa 111
Darwin 208
Desktop 84
DHCP 64
DNS 66
File Sharing 142

Finder 84
FTP 70
H
HTML 71
HTTP 71
I
ICAAN 69
Inspector 126
ISO 9660 213
J
Java 112
L
LocalTalk 77
Login 114
270
Mach 208
MIME 75
151
NetInfo 141
NeXT 9
Object-C 112
OpenGL 225
OpenTransport 211
OpenType 44
Pasteboard 110
POP3 178
PostScript 40
Print Center 133
Proxy 74
Q
Quartz 223
QuickTime 225
T
TCP/IP 57
TrueType 42
UDF 213
UFS 20
UTF-8 48
www 72
WYSIWYG 39
14
14
21
71
215
215
10
36
71

25

23
102
109
18
53

20
59
59
25
50
- 50
IP- 60
34
53
18
62
62
30
23
220
19
53
28
64
20
38
221
21
158
24
45
24
24
84
22
216
150
114
19
124
21
X
59
36
32
36
27
29
15
271
, , - , , , , .

. .
, . , ,
.
, ,
.
. Mac OS X UNIX .: , 2002. 272 .: .

Apple Mac OS X.
.

.

.
. 05983 3 2001 .
5.03.2002. 16.03.2002
3 000 .
.
.: (095) 203-1084; 203-1008; 203-1937.

123308, , / 20
./: (095) 203-1084; 203-1008; 203-1937.
e-mail: macup@macup.ru
www. macup.ru

Mac OS X - UNIX для всех

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