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2009
621.38(075.32)
32.8173
- 97
..
-97
, ..
: /..
: ,
2009. 133 .
,
3
6 230105
.
30.12.2003
.
32.8173
..
, 2009
....................................................................................................................... 7
1 ....................................................................... 8
1.1 ................................................................................................. 8
1.2 ................................................................................... 10
1.2.1 .................................................................... 10
1.2.2 ............................................................................... 12
1.2.2.1 .................................................................... 12
1.2.2.2 ................................................................................. 13
1.2.2.3 ........................................................................ 14
1.3 .......................................................................... 15
1.4
...................................................................................................................... 20
1.4.1 --........................................................................ 20
1.4.2 --...................................................................... 20
1.4.3 -................................................................. 21
1.5 .................................................................................. 22
1.6 ............................................................................... 23
1.6.1 , ................................................... 23
1.6.2 ................................................................ 24
1.6.2.1 ........... 24
1.6.2.2 ....................................... 24
1.6.2.3 .......................................... 25
1.6.2.4 .............. 25
1.6.2.5 ...................................................................... 25
1.7 ............................................................... 26
1.7.1 ...................................................................................... 26
1.7.2 ................................................................... 26
1.7.2.1 .......................................................................... 27
1.7.2.2 ....................................... 27
1.7.2.3 ........................................................................... 28
1.7.2.4 ..................................................... 28
1.7.2.5 , ............................................................................................. 28
1.7.2.6 SQL ................................................. 28
1.7.2.7
............................................................................................... 29
1.7.3 . ....................... 30
1.8 ......................................................................... 30
1.8.1 ............................. 30
1.8.2 - ................................. 32
1.8.3 - ................................................. 35
2 Visual Fox Pro .......................................................... 36
3
2.1 ............................................................................................. 36
2.1.1 ............................................................................................ 36
2.1.2 ............................................................................................ 38
2.1.3 ................................................................. 39
2.2 .............................................................................. 40
2.2.1 Browse ................................................................... 40
2.2.2 .............................................................. 41
2.2.3 ........................................................................... 41
2.2.3.1 ......................................................................... 42
2.2.3.2 ........................................................................ 43
2.3 ...................................................................................... 43
2.3.1 ................................................................. 43
2.3.2 .................................................................. 44
2.3.3 ...................................................................................... 45
2.4 ............................................................................ 45
2.4.1 ............................................................. 46
2.4.2 ............................................................................................. 47
2.4.3 ............................................... 48
2.4.3.1 ............................................................................ 48
2.4.3.2 ................................................................. 49
2.4.3.3 ........................................... 49
2.4.3.4 .............................................. 50
2.4.3.5 ............................ 50
2.5 Visual Fox Pro ........................... 50
2.5.1 .............................................................................. 50
2.5.2 ................................................................................ 52
2.5.3 --................................................ 53
2.5.4 -- ............................................. 53
2.5.5 ............................... 54
2.5.6 ......................................................... 57
2.5.6.1 .................................. 57
2.5.6.2 ........................................... 57
2.5.6.3 ....................................................... 58
2.6 ................................................................................ 58
2.6.1 .......................................................................................... 58
2.6.2 ................................................................................................... 60
2.6.2.1 ............................................................... 60
2.6.2.2 ............................................................... 61
2.6.3 ......................................................................................... 62
2.6.3.1 ............................................................... 62
2.6.3.2 .............................................................. 63
3 Visual FoxPro..................................................................... 63
3.1 ..................................................................... 63
3.1.1 ....................................................................... 63
3.1.2 ............................................................................ 65
4
3.1.3 ...................................................................................... 65
3.1.4 ................................................................................. 67
3.1.4.1 ..................................................................................... 67
3.1.4.2 ................................................................................. 68
3.1.4.3 - ...................................................................................... 68
3.2 Visual FoxPro ................................................................. 69
3.2.1 Program Error Data Session ............................................. 69
3.2.2 ........................................................................................ 70
3.2.3 .................................................................. 71
3.2.4 .............................................................................. 72
3.3 ..................................................................... 73
3.3.1 , ................................................................ 74
3.3.2 ....................................................................................... 75
3.3.3 ............................................................ 76
3.3.4 .................................................................. 77
3.3.5 -.................................................................................... 79
3.4 ..................................................... 82
3.4.1 ............................................................................................... 82
3.4.2 ............................................ 83
3.5 - Fox Pro............................................. 84
4 Visual Fox Pro........................................................... 85
4.1 Visual Fox Pro ........................................................................ 86
4.1.1 ......................................................................... 86
4.1.2 ........................................................................................................ 87
4.1.3 ......................................................................... 88
4.1.4 ................................................................................................ 88
4.1.5 ................................................................. 89
4.1.6 ......................................................... 91
4.1.7 ................................... 92
4.2 Visual Fox Pro................................................................ 93
4.2.1 ................................................................................................ 93
4.2.2 .................................................................................................. 94
4.2.3 ............................................................................................. 96
4.3 ......................................................................................... 96
4.4 ................................................................................. 97
4.4.1 Form Wizard ...... 97
4.4.2 Form
Designer....................................................................................................................... 99
4.5 ............................................................................................... 101
4.5.1 .................................................................................................. 101
4.5.2 ........................................................ 102
4.5.3 .............................................. 108
5 . . SQL .................................... 110
5.1 , , ,
...................................................................................................................... 109
5
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50
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, :
-
-
- .
. .
,
52
. :
, ( 21).
:
- ,
;
- ( );
- ,
,
.
21 -
:
- SET RELATION TO;
- SET SKIP TO;
- JOIN;
- UPDATE;
- TOTAL;
- .
,
,
.
.
,
.
53
2.5.2
.
FoxPro. . , 1 25
Visual FoxPro 3.0 . ,
- J. FoxPro
,
(ALIAS).
,
, , ,
.
.
- .
,
,
.
.
, .
:
SELECT < | >
.
.
-> .
FoxPro, 3.0,
. -
, ,
.
2.5.3 --
, ,
, .
. ,
, SET RELATION TO
,
.
:
SET RELATION TO [<.1> INTO < 1> ] [,
<.2> INTO < 2> ] [...] [ADDITIVE]
:
<.1> <.2>...
.
54
INTO <> ,
.
ADDITIVE
.
.
Regular
,
,
--.
--
SET RELATION TO .
() () ,
Ok
Database Designer,
.
+, -> ( 22) .
( ) .
,
. (
) , -. ,
, --.
,
Edit Relationship.
,
.
22 -
,
Edit Relationship.
,
Del.
.
.
:
.
.
. , ()
56
,
() ( ),
.
, ,
.
Referential Integrity. Referential Integrity
Builder ( 23).
Referential Integrity
:
- Parent Table .
) .
- Child Table ,
.
- Update
()
( ).
- Delete
.
- Insert
.
- Parent Tag .
(Child Tag)
- Child Tag .
(Parent Tag), .
23 -
, .
57
().
Restrict ()
,
() .
Ignore
.
.
Delete Insert, Insert
: Restrict Ignore.
:
Rules for Updating
;
Rules for Deleting ;
Rules for Inserting .
Cascade, Restrict Ignore
.
2.5.6
2.5.6.1
. ,
.
() , .
()
. :
JOIN WITH < > <
>
[FOR]
[FIELDS < > ] [NOOPTIMIZE]
FIELDS
, . FIELDS ,
.
:
- -
, ,
58
.
-
,
.
2.5.6.2
.
, -
.
:
UPDATE ON < >,
FROM < >
REPLACE < 1 > WITH
<
1>
[, < 2 > WITH < 2> ... ]
[RANDOM]
.
ON .
.
FROM ,
- .
REPLACE ,
<>, WITH
.
.
.
2.5.6.3
(). TOTAL
, .
.
,
.
:
TOTAL ON < > < >
59
[SCOPE]
[FIELDS < > ]
[FOR <. L1>]
[WHILE <. L2>]
[NOOPTIMIZE]
2.6
, . ,
.
, .
,
.
-
.
.
.
2.6.1
,
.
. ,
.
,
, ().
, () .
,
( ).
,
, ( )
( ) .
, ( ).
FoxPro :
) .
,
. ,
, .
60
, ,
.
) SORT
( ), ( ) .
SORT < > ON < 1> [/A] [/D] [/]
[,< 2> [/A] [/D] [/]... ]
[ASCENDING | DESCENDING]
[SCOPE]
[FOR <.L1>]
[WHILE <.L2>]
[FIELDS < >]
[NOOPTIMIZE]
:
< > (),
.
ON ... ,
.
:
/ . . /D
.
/ (
).
ASCENDING ,
/ /D.
DESCENDING ,
/ /D.
FIELDS ,
. ,
.
,
. .
2.6.2
.
FoxPro :
.
61
2.6.2.1
.
.
LOCATE FOR [SCOPE] < >
[WHILE <.L> ]
[NOOPTIMIZE]
:
< > ,
<,>,<=,>=,= <>
. ,
. ,
. ,
.
,
. ,
DISPLAY BROWSE. ,
, CONTINUE.
,
: End of Locate Scope.
Table
Go to Record Locate.
Locate Record ( 24).
:
For .
Scope While
.
. ,
, .
,
SEEK.
2.6.2.2
,
.
, ,
. (
, ,
.) ,
,
62
.
.
) Command
:
SEEK < >
FIND < >
< >
, LOCATE.
SEEK , LOCATE.
, ,
.
)
, - ,
. Edit -> Find.
Find ( 24) .
24 - Find
Look For .
.
,
( ).
Options :
- Match Case .
.
- Wrap Around .
.
- Match Whole Word .
.
- Search Backward ( ).
Find Next
, .
63
2.6.3
FoxPro : ,
, ,
, , ,
, .
2.6.3.1
( ),
. ,
,
. .
() .
:
SET FILTER TO <. L>
<. L> ,
.
, .
2.6.3.2
,
.
, , - ,
. :
,
.
:
SET FIELDS [< > | ALL [LIKE <> | EXCEPT <>] ]
,
, < >,
. ALL . LIKE
,
(). EXCEPT ,
().
< >,
. SET FIELDS TO ,
SET FIELDS TO.
64
(
).
, . 2.6.3.1 . 2.6.3.2 ,
DISPLAY BROWSE
.
3 Visual FoxPro
3.1
3.1.1
. .
.
. ,
,
.
FoxPro.
Command,
.
) Command,
:
MODIFY COMMAND | FILE [< > | ?] [NOEDIT] [NOMENU]
[NOWAIT] [RANGE , ] [[WINDOW < 1>] [IN [WINDOW]
< 2> | IN SCREEN ] [SAME] [SAVE]
COMMAND
( ) .prg,
( ,
).
FILE
,
.
65
,
? (
.prg),
.
:
NOEDIT ,
;
NOMENU ,
F10
;
NOWAIT (
) , .
.
RANGE , <.N2> . Memo-
;
WINDOW < 1>
< 1>;
IN WINDOW < 2>
<_2>.
IN SCREEN .
FoxPro.
SAME , Memo-
, .
SAVE
.
FoxPro
Memo-, Ctrl +
Home, ,
.
)
:
File
New .prg ( Program).
:
File -> Open .
3.1.2
Command
DO < >,
:
PROGRAM -> DO -> ,
,
.
66
Esc, SET ESCAPE ON.
FoxPro .
Visual FoxPro Esc,
:
Cancel .
Suspend
RESUME.
Ignore .
Escape SET ESCAPE
OFF.
3.1.3
:
1)
. ,
* .
:
: Search.prg
* :
* main.prg
* 25.03.2008
* 14.04.2008
2) - SET, ;
: , , ,
.
. , , ,
, | , ?
.
, SET
SAFETY OFF. ,
, , , .
.
******************************************************************
LEAR
CLEAR MEMORY
CLEAR ALL
CLOSE ALL
CLEAR MACROS
******************************************************************
67
68
3.1.4.1
,
. ( )
. ,
() .
:
SET PROCEDURE TO [< >]
.
. :
DO < >
[ WITH < ] [ IN < > ]
:
WITH < >
.
, .
IN < >
SET PROCEDURE.
DO .
,
.
< > ,
: .exe, .app, .ficp, .prg.
.
RETURN TO MASTER
,
.
RETURN TO < >
,
69
.
<> .
-
.
RENTRY
, , . .
.
,
.
CANCEL ,
,
Command.
Visual FoxPro QUIT
Visual FoxPro .
,
.
3.1.4.2
.
,
.
3.1.4.3 -
, -. -
. ,
. -
,
.
-:
FUNCTION(< ->)
-
() -
,
RETURN . ,
,
.
- :
DO < ->
70
Debug
Options,
.
- Tr. , ,
(Breakpoint)
..
- Watch.
.
- Locals. ,
, .
- all Stack. .
- Debug Output. .
.
, .
- Open. .
- Resume. .
- Step Into. .
- Step Over. .
- Step Out. .
- Run to cursor.
.
- Toggle breakpoint.
.
- Clear all breakpoints. .
- Breakpoint dialog. .
- Toggle event logging. ,
.
Debug>Cancel Debug>Fix,
.
Visual FoxPro 7.0
.
, Select Margin
Editor Options... Tools. Select Margin
,
Toggle BreackPoint (
) .
"
" ? SET.
SET DEBUG ON | OFF
.
SET DEBUG OFF
SET ECHO ON ACTIVATE WINDOW DEBUG,
- SET STEP ON ACTIVATE WINDOW TRACE.
72
,
SET TALK ON , SET
STATUS ON .
,
SET DEBUGOUT [< > [ADDITIVE]]
SET
DEBUGOUT TO.
3.2.3
,
ON ERROR <>,
. , , ,
,
- .
: PROGRAM(), MESSAGE(), LINENO(),
ERROR().
- ERROR() ,
ON ERROR.
PRO
GRAM(<BN>) < N>
128. < N> 0
. PROGRAM()
.
,
LINENO([1]), 1
, .
-, -
. ,
ON ERROR DO r_er WITH LINENO ( )
r_er
73
PROCEDURE r_er
? ' : '+MESSAGE(1)
? ' : '+STR(ERROR( ))
? ' ; '+MESSAGE( )
rierror()
(Referential Integrity).
3.2.4
Visual FoxPro 7.0 Coverage Profiler (
) .
Coverage Profiler
.log :
, .
Coverage Profiler Tools>Coverage
Profiler,
.log.
SET COVERAGE TO < .log > [ADDITIVE]
ADDITIVE
, .
, but.log:
SET COVERAGE TO but.log
but.prg.
DO but
,
DO (_OVERAGE)
_COVERAGE
.
Coverage Profiler
.
Coverage Profiler
( 4).
74
4 -
Open
Save
Statistic
Add-Ins
.log
Coverage Profiler
Options
Coverage
Mode
Profile
Mode
Profile Mode
.
Source Text Log
. :
, , ,
, ,
.
|
Source Files Skipped ,
, .
Statistics by Project .
3.3
FoxPro .
.
( ) .
, ,
;.
; .
,
+.
;, .
FoxPro ,
FoxPro.
. FoxPro
.
* NOTE ,
, . * -
75
.
&&, .
, .
3.3.1 ,
FoxPro
, , Memo.
,
.
,
, .
12 .
FoxPro :
. _
FoxPro. .
5
Character
1
256
, '', [],
""
Pr = Hello
=$500
Currency
Date
()
= (25/01/02)
DateTime
( )
= (25/01/02
11:00am)
.. .F.
=..
= 1550
Logical ,
Numeric
5
.
FoxPro .
, . ,
.
,
().
76
. FoxPro . .
DECLARE
DIMENSION, :
DECLARE | DIMENSION < 1> (<.N1> [,<Bp.N2>])
[,< 2> (<.N3> [,<Bp.N4>])] []
:
DIME abc(5,10), cd(18)
DIMENSION :
abc, ,
cd, .
, ,
(), .
3.3.2
.
:
< > = <>
< > = <>.
STORE
STORE <> < >
STORE <> < >
TORE <> < >
(
),
() .
:
st = && st
*
,
*
,
dt = (25/01/08)&& dt
*
,
*
25 20 08 .
STORE 145 TO nm
*
*
DECL mas(12)
*
STORE * mas
*
&&
,
145.
&&
mas 12 .
&& mas
* .
77
mas(4) =0
*
mas(7) = (07/02/02)
*
*
&&
mas 0
&& mas
7
2002 .
3.3.3
FoxPro :
, , .
SAVE TO ,
, , ,
Memo- .
:
SAVE < > | MEMO < > [ALL LIKE | EXCEPT
<>]
.
"*" "?".
,
.mem. .
, .
,
, SAVE SET SAFETY
OFF.
, ,
:
RESTORE FROM < > | FROM MEMO < > [ADDITIVE]
,
.mem Memo-.
,
SAVE TO,
() ( Memo-),
ADDITIVE.
, ,
:
DISPLAY MEMORY [LIKE <>] [ PRINTER | FILE < >]
,
, , .
ENTER,
.
( PRINTER), ( FILE).
78
,
-, :
RELEASE < > RELEASE ALL [LIKE | EXCEPT
<>]
:
CLEAR MEMORY
3.3.4
FoxPro :
.
SCATTER
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
. .
. .
. :
SCATTER
[FIELDS < > | FIELDS LIKE <> | FIELDS EXCEPT
<> ] [MEMO] < > | <_> [BLANK] |
[MEMVAR] | [MEMVAR] [BLANK]
:
FIELDS < > ,
.
FIELDS LIKE <>
,
.
FIELDS EXCEPT <>
,
.
MEMO Memo-.
Memo- .
< > ,
.
< > BLANK .
.
79
MEMVAR , .
MEMVAR BLANK .
.
FIELDS ,
. ,
,
.
GATHER
.
.
.
:
GATHER FROM < > | MEMVAR
[FIELDS < > | FIELDS LIKE <> |
FIELDS EXCEPT <>]
[MEMO]
:
FIELDS < > , ,
,
.
FIELDS LIKE <> (
SCATTER).
FIELDS EXCEPT <>
( SCATTER).
MEMO Memo.
FIELDS ,
. ,
, .
,
.
COPY TO ARRAY
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
,
. :
COPY TO ARRAY < > [FIELDS < >] [SCOPE]
[FOR <.L1>] [WHILE <Bp.L2>] [NOOPTIMIZE]
:
FIELDS < > ,
SCOPE , ,
80
.
FOR <L1> ,
<.L1>.
WHILE <Bp.L2> .
NOOPTIMIZE
(Rushmore).
APPEND FROM ARRAY
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
. :
APPEND FROM ARRAY < >
[FOR <.L1>]
[FIELDS < >]
:
[FOR <.L1>] , <.L1>.
FIELDS < > ,
.
3.3.5 -
-
, ,
.
-, , .
FoxPro
.
.
? <.1>.
:
?|?? [<.1>]
[PICTURE <. 1>]
[FUNCTION <. 2>]
[AT <. N1>]
[FONT <.>[, <Bp.N2>]] [STYLE <.4>]
[, <.2>] ...
:
? <.1> <.1>
.
?? <.1> <.1> .
81
:
@ <Y1,X1> [CLEAR | CLEAR TO <Y2,X2>]
(<Y1,X1>)
(<Y2,X2>). ,
.
-
- .
:
@ <Y1>, <X1> [SAY <.1>] [ GET <>]
Y1 (
0 35) XI ( 0 79 ) , ,
, SAY <.1>.
GET <>, <>
SAY <.1>. @ ... SAY
... GET ... SET DEVICE TO PRINT,
.
SET
DEVICE TO SCREEN ( ).
<> @ ... SAY ...
GET ... , SAY ,
() GET.
READ
@ ... SAY ... GET .
:
82
READ
[CYCLE]
[ACTIVATE <.L1> ]
[DEACTIVATE <.L2>]
[MODAL]
[WITH < >]
[SHOW <.L>]
[VALID <L4> | <N1> ]
[WHEN <p.L5>]
[OBJECT <.N2>]
[TIMEOUT <p.N3>]
[SAVE]
[NOMOUSE]
[LOCK | NOLOCK]
[COLOR < > | COLOR SCHEME <Bp.N4>]
:
CYCLE @ ... SAY ... GET ,
READ
@ ... SAY ... GET @ ... SAY ... GET.
Esc,
Ctrl + W, .
ACTIVATE <L1> @ ... SAY ... GET
.
READ
<1>.
DEACTIVATE <Bp.L2>
,
<L2> .
MODAL ,
< > WITH.
WITH < > ,
READ.
SHOW <.L> ,
READ.
SHOW GETS, .
VALID <.L4> | <Bp.N1>
READ. READ
, <.>
.
WHEN <Bp.L5> READ
<Bp.L5>.
OBJECT <Bp.N2> ( @ ... SAY ... GET),
. .
TIMEOUT <Bp.N3> READ
83
3.4
3.4.1
,
. ,
, .
:
DO WHILE <. L>
[ LOOP]
[ EXIT ]
ENDDO
,
<. L>. ,
<. L>, EXIT. LOOP
,
, .
:
FOR <> = <. N1> TO <. N2> [ STEP <. N3> ]
[ EXIT ]
[LOOP]
ENDFOR | NEXT
().
<.> .
,
<. N3>.
<. N1> () .
<. N2> .
<. N3> .
<. N1>, <. N2> <. N3> .
1. <. N2>
<.>, , <.>
<. N2>. ,
, <.> 1.
,
, <. N3>
, 1, <.>
. (),
<. N3> ,
<.> <. N2>.
84
().
<. Nl> <.>
<. N2>, <. N3>
.
<.> <. N3>
, <.>
<. N2>.
.
:
SCAN
< >
CASE < 2>
< >
85
[ OTHERWISE
< >
... ]
ENDCASE
CASE < N> . DO
CASE CASE < N>
, .
, CASE < N>
. ,
OTHERWISE.
CASE < N>:
1) .
-
- .
CASE a = b CASE a>b CASE a<b
2) .
,
. CASE BETWEEN(ms, 01, 09)
3) .
.
. CASE INLIST(ms, '10', '19', '43', 44', '25')
CASE < N> ,
.
GO | GOTO
[RECORD] | TOP | BOTTOM
[ IN <. N2> | <> ]
.
:
[ RECORD ] <. N1> .
.
BOTTOM .
IN <. N2> | <>
, .
.
3.5 - Fox Pro
Visual FoxPro ,
. .. FoxPro ,
, .
86
-
,
. Visual
FoxPro,
.
, . .
- Visual FoxPro
, .
. ,
.
.
: , , , . .
.
, .
, .
:
THIS ;
THISFORM , ;
THISFORMSET , .
Visual FoxPro :
BROWSE . Visual FoxPro
.
, ()
.
Visual FoxPro
.
,
, , ,
, ,
.
, , , ,
, OLE-,
.
87
Windows
, Visual FoxPro ,
, , . .
( , , , , ).
. .
,
. .
,
, ,
, .
4.1.1
,
, ,
.
. , ,
.
,
.
,
,
. Windows
Windows ,
.
, ,
, .
,
, .
.
FoxPro
.
, .
-
.
, , ,
, , , ..
88
4.1.2
() ,
, .
,
-
Enter. Esc.
, ,
.
.
,
. .
( ),
.
, ,
.
.
SET
TALK
OFF.
,
SET TALK ON.
,
()
. SET
CONFIRM OFF.
SET CONFIRM ON,
Enter,
SpaceBar.
().
, \.
(POPUP)
,
.
\-.
-
, -
.
.
.
.
89
4.1.3
FoxPro : FOX-
dBASE-.
FOX
.
,
. ,
DO CASE... ENDCASE.
.
, .
dBASE
.
,
Command ,
.
.
, ,
.
, .
:
- ,
, . dBase
;
- ( )
;
- ,
, ;
- .
.
4.1.4
:
().
,
Visual FoxPro, ,
90
ENDIF
Enter Space,
. , ,
:
ON SELECTION MENU <>[<>]
ON SELECTION BAR <> OF < U->[<>]
ON SELECTION PAD <> OF < BAR-Me>>[<>]
ON SELECTION POPUP <>/ALL [<>]
<> , .
<> .
, rep
:
ON SELECTION POPUP rep DO repproc
PROCEDURE repproc
USE,scholar
REPORT FORM scholar.frx PREVIEW
RETURN
.
, exit
main
ON SELECTION PAD exit OF main CANCEL
:
ON BAR <> OF < U-> [ACTIVATE POPUP < U>]
ON BAR <> OF < U-> [ACTIVATE MENU < R>]
BAR-
.
PAD.
ON PAD <> OF < BAR-Me> [ACTIVATE POPUP < U>]
4.1.7
ACTIVATE MENU <>
94
ACTIVATE POPUP <> [AT <Y,X>][BAR <>][REST][NOWAIT]
BAR <> BAR .
REST ,
PROMPT FIELD DEFINE POPUP,
.
.
base. (
"" print.)
DEFINE POPUP base FROM 1,1 TO 5,35
DEFINE BAR 1 OF base PROMPT '\<'
DEFINE BAR 2 OF base PROMPT '\<'
DEFINE BAR 3 OF base PROMPT '\<';
MESSAGE ' !' COLOR, w+/r,,,w+*/r
DEFINE BAR 4 OF base PROMPT '\<'
DEFINE BAR 5 OF base PROMPT '\<'
ON SELECTION BAR 1 OF base DO procl
ON SELECTION BAR 2 OF base DO proc2
ON SELECTION BAR 3 OF base DELETE
ON SELECTION BAR 4 OF base DO print
ON SELECTION BAR 5 OF base CANCEL
ACTIVATE POPUP base
PROCEDURE print
SET PRINTER ON
? PRINTSTATUS()
IF NOT PRINTSTATUS()
WAIT ' !'
ELSE
LIST TO PRINTER
ENDIF
SET PRINTER OFF
CLEAR
RETURN TO MENU
DEACTIVATE MENU/POPUP
.
HIDE/SHOW MENU/POPUP /
.
CLEAR
MENUS/POPUP. To RELEASE.
95
4. 2 Visual FoxPro
4.2.1
Fox Pro
. C ,
, ,
.
:
1) - ,
;
2) - (
) ;
3) - .
:
Ctrl+F7 -
trl+F9 - .
Shift+ctrl+F9 -
.
trl+F10 -
4.2.2
:
DEFINE WINDOW < > FROM Y1,X1 TO Y2,X2
[AT Y1,X1]
[SICE Y2,X2]
[IN[WINDOW]< 2> IN SCREEN IN DESKTOP]
[FONT <.1>[.N>]][STYLE<.2>]
[FILL FILE<.3>]
[ICON FILE<.4>]
[HALEHEIGHT]
[MDI/NOMDI]
[FOOTER<.5>]-
.
[TITLE<.6>]-
[DOUBLE/PANEL/NONE/SYSTEM< >]
[CLOSE/NOCLOSE]
[FLOAT/NOFLOAT]
[GROW/NOGROW]
[MINIMIZE]
[SHADOW]
[ZOOM/NOZOOM]
96
[FILL<.7>]
[COLOR< >/COLOR SCHEME<.2>]
.
FROM AT. .
IN [WINDOW]. ,
.
.
.
IN SCREEN. .
NAME < >. Visual FoxPro.
.
TITLE <>. .
DOS.
FILL - .
DOS.
FILL FILE - BMP-.
,
.
CLEAR.
,
- .
COLOR SCHEME | COLOR.
.
COLOR SCHEME 1.
4.2.3
,
ACTIVATE WINDOW [< 1>[,< 2>...]] |
ACTIVATE WINDOW ALL
[IN [WINDOW] < -> | SCREEN]
[BOTTOM | TOP | SAME]
[NOSHOW]
NOSHOW,
.
BOTTOM | ,
/ , a SAME
. , ..
.
ACTIVATE WINDOW ,
WINDOW.
4.3
.
FoxPro, , ,
. ,
, @ GET FUNCTION PICTURE.
, .
,
(
).
98
(TERMINATING),
READ, -
(
);
(NOTERMINATING),
(
). FUNCTION
PICTURE
:
* ;
.
:
*R (Radio Button).
* (CheckBox).
* (Invisible Button).
, . ,
.
^ (ComboBox).
(List Box) FUNCTION
FROM.
, :
N .
.
(HORIZONTAL).
V (VERTICAL).
( )
. FUNCTION PICTURE
, PICTURE
@.
, ,
4.4
4.4.1 Form
Wizard
,
.
99
.
( )
(Project Manager) (Documents)
(Forms).
(New).
New Form
Form Wizard. Wizard
Selection : Form
Wizard ; One-to-Many Form Wizard
.
, .
: Cancel
; Next ; Back
, Finish .
Finish ,
.
Form Wizard (Step 1 Field Selection)
Databases ,
Tables ,
. Avalable Fields
, .
Selected Fields
-.
Form Wizard (Step 2 Style)
. Style
: Standard, Chiseled, Shadowed, Boxed Embossed.
.
- Button Type :
- Text Buttons ;
- Picture Buttons ;
- No Buttons .
Form Wizard (Step 3 Sort Order)
. Available Fields
,
. Ascending ( ) Descending (
) . Add
Selected Fields.
Form Wizard (Step 4 Finish)
,
Type a title for your form.
:
- Save form for later use ;
- Save and run form
100
;
- Save form and modify it in the Form Designer
.
, ,
Caption,
. Caption ,
.
.
Program ->Do
Ok.
4.4.2 Form
Designer
(
, . .)
.
:
- ,
- .
, ,
, (, ,
. .) .
:
1) File -> New,
New File
Form;
2) Document,
Form New;
3) Document,
Form File -> New,
New File
Form.
:
- Form Controls
;
- Form Designer
;
- Layout
101
;
- Color Palette .
,
(
).
, , ,
,
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
Properties ( )
View - Properties.
Properties .
Properties :
- ll ( )
.
- Data ,
.
- Methods .
- Layout , .
- Other ,
.
Properties
:
- () ;
- ,
;
- ,
- .
:
1) ()
;
2) ;
3) .
Properties
.
,
Height Width.
,
102
Left .
Backspace,
Del, Edit - Cut,
.
View -> Grid Line. ( )
Grid Properties,
Format S Grid Scale.
,
Format -> Snap to Grid.
Tab (' )
.
( ) :
Interactive ,
, By List .
, ,
Tools -> Options Options,
Forms Tab Ordering
: Interactive By List. View -> Tab
Order Interactive
. Shift
,
. Reorder.
View - Tab Order By List
Tab Order,
. By Column By Row
.
4.5
4.5.1
.
.
( ) , ,
. ,
, .
FoxPro :
- ;
- ;
- ;
103
- .
,
.
() ( )
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
.
.
( ) ( ).
Visual FoxPro :
- (Quick Report)
; ;
- (Report Wizard)
;
, ,
;
-
(),
.
4.5.2
:
Document.
Document , New.
Document ,
, New.
Visual FoxPro,
File, New.
New Report
( 25), :
- Report Wizard .
- New Report .
104
25 -
,
.
Wizard Selection :
- One-to-Many Report Wizard
, -.
- Report Wizard .
Wizard Selection Report
Wizard .
:
- Cancel .
- Back ;
- Next ;
- Finish ;
- Help .
Step I Select fields ( 26)
, .
Databases and tables ,
.
, ,
. Databases and tables
,
.
105
Available fields . ,
,
.
26
Step 2 Group Recodrs ( 27)
.
(None),
, .
-
1 .
. 3,
2 3.
106
27
,
Grouping Options.
Grouping Intervals ( 28).
, Entire
Field , . .
, Exact Number
,
. .
.
28 -
107
()
. Summary Options
Summary Options.
()
:
- Sum ;
- Avg ;
- Count ;
- Min ;
- .
.
:
- Detail and Summary ,
.
- Summary Only
.
- No totals .
.
, Calculate percent of total for sums
, ,
Calculate percent of total for sums .
Step 3 Choose Report Style
( 29).
29 -
108
Style.
,
,
.
Step 4 Define Report Layout
.
Orintation, :
- Portrait () ;
- Landscape () .
30 -
109
, ,
, .
Step 5 Sort Records
.
Available fields of index tag ,
. ( 2)
, ,
.
, Available fields of index tag
.
2 Available fields of index tag
Add
Selected fields.
Selected fields
Remove.
,
:
- Ascending ;
- Descending .
Step 6 Finish
Visual FoxPro.
Type a title for your report.
Visual FoxPro
Select an option and click Finish:
- Save report for later use .
- Save report and modify it in the Report Designer
.
- Save and print report .
:
- Use display setting stored in the database
,
.
- Wrap fields that do not fit
,
.
Preview
.
, Back
.
Finish .
110
4.5.3
New Report New Report
( 31). ,
: ,
, :
, . .,
.
31 -
:
Select Object .
Label .
Field .
Line .
Rectangle .
Rounded Rectangle .
Picture/OLE Bound Control .
Button Lock .
():
Page Header , ,
111
( ).
Detail
.
Page Footer ,
, ( ).
:
Title : ,
. .
Group Header , .
,
.
Group Footer .
Summary
,
.
:
- ;
- ;
- .
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) , ;
5) ;
6) .
5 . . SQL
5.1 , , ,
, Visual FoxPro,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
,
, .
. ,
,
, .
Visual FoxPro.
112
5.1.1
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
, .
,
. ,
.
Table ( 32).
, Rule () Message
() Record validation ( ).
Rule ,
. True (),
,
.
, Message.
32 -
113
5.1.2
Visual FoxPro , ,
:
6
Insert
Update
Delete
, ,
, .
Delete :
DELETE;
Browse Edit
insert :
APPEND FROM, APPEND FROM ARRAY,
APPEND BLANK;
Browse Edit;
IMPORT, INSERT - SQL, RECALL;
Browse Edit.
Update , :
,
(, );
GATHER, REPLACE, REPLACE FROM ARRAY
UPDATE SQL.
114
,
Visual FoxPro:
, ,
PACK
ZAP Delete.
update
TABLEUPDATE ()
Table
Delete TRIGGER.
5.1.3
:
1) ;
2) Stored Procedures ( );
3) New;
4) ,
, ,
.
:
, Visual FoxPro
,
.
Visual FoxPro
MODIFY PROCEDURE,
.
<Delete>
Remove () .
115
5.2
5.2.1
, ,
() .
,
.
,
.
.
:
- dBASe-
,
;
,
;
- SQL- ,
.
5.2.2 dBASe-
, , dBASe, Paradox, FoxPro, Clipper,
Rbase ., ,
,
dBASE- (X-Base).
dBASe.
,
( , Assist ..),
(),
.
(CREATE, MODIFY, UPDATE, DELETE
.).
( )
, (
). ,
.
( - 1).
:
- , ( ,
116
);
- .
; :
- APPEND BLANK, BROWSE, CHANGE, EDIT, INSERT ,
( );
- DELETE - ( );
- SEEK, FIND, LOCATE ;
- COPY
;
CONTINUE
..
:
- RECORD n n;
- ALL ;
- NEXT n , ;
- REST - : , ; .
FOR WHILE.
1 ()
: , .
, :
FOR [ .]>=1000000 AND [ .] < 2000000
2 ,
:
WHILE [] < 1.1.80
,
FIELDS, .
:
1) DELETE FOR 1 WHILE 2
() ,
. ,
2.
2) COPY TO _ FIELDS _ FOR 1
WHILE 2
, !,
2, ,
_.
, ,
.
:
,
.
:
JOIN WITH FOR FIELDS _
117
, ,
, . ,
.
,
.
,
:
- (DO WHILE .... END DO);
- (IF ... ELSE ... ENDIF);
- (DO CASE ... OTHERWISE ...ENDCASE)
.
dBASE-
, ,
,
.
5.2.3 ()
QBE (Query By Example),
, , Microsoft
Query.
.
.
()
V (
).
:
.
()
() .
,
:
:
* ;
+ ;
- ;
/ ;
118
:
> ();
>= ( );
< ();
<= ( );
<> ( );
= ().
,
:
(AND) .
(OR) .
(NOT) .
:
BETWEEN- .
IN .
IS Null ,
( ) ( ).
LIKE .
:
- ;
- ,
;
- ,
.
Q (
) :
Avg ;
Count ;
;
Min ;
Sum .
,
.
:
1.1.79 -1.1 .80 :
Calc .
,
:
119
.
, Calc
, today
.
, ,
.
. QBE {)
,
.
* :
ONLY ,
N ,
EVERY ,
EXACTLY .
SET.
:
, ,
123456
(INSERT), (DELETE)
(CHANGETO).
5.3 SQL
5.3.1 SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) ,
(ORACLE, dBASE IY, dBASE Y, Paradox, Access .).
120
SQL
-, ,
. SQL ,
, ,
, ,
. SQL
.
SQL.
5.3.2 SQL
5.3.2.1
: , ( ).
.
:
CREATE TABLE (1 [()] [ 1]
[, 2 [()] [2] [,...]] [, _ [,...]])
- ;
1, 2
;
- ;
- ;
1, 2 (
);
.
.
(
):
CONSTRAINT _ {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE |
REFERENCES _ [( )]}
(
):
CONSTRAINT {PRIMARY KEY ( 1[, 2 [, ...]]) |
UNIQUE ( 1[, [,...]]) | FOREIGN KEY (1, 2 [,
...]]) REFERENCES _ [(_1 [, _2
[,...]])]}
:
UNIQUE ( ,
, );
121
PRIMARY KEY (
; );
FOREIGN KEY (
);
REFERENCES - .
:
CREATE TABLE
([] TEXT,
[] TEXT,
[ ] DATETIME,
CONSTRAINT UNIQUE ([], [], [ ]))
, :
: , , / .
,
,
, .
5.3.2.2
:
- ;
- ;
- .
:
ALTER TABLE
ADD {[COLUMN] [()] [CONSTRAINT ]
CONSTRAINT } |
DROP {[COLUMN] i CONSTRAINT _} }
ADD , DROP
, CONSTRAINT
.
:
ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN [] (5)
:
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX ON ([,...])
.
[WITH { PRIMARY | DISALLOW NULL | IGNORE NULL }]
WITH ,
:
DISALLOW NULL -
-;
122
IGNORE NULL - ,
.
:
CREATE INDEX ON ([]) WITH DISALLOW NULL
5.3.2.3
( , )
:
DROP TABLE _
( )
:
DROP INDEX ON
:
DROP INDEX ON -
DROP TABLE -
5.3.2.4
:
.
INSERT INTO _ [(1[, 2[,...]])]
VALUES (1[, 2,...]);
, , ,
.
:
INSERT INTO ([], [], [ ])
VALUES ("", "", 2.3/3/80)
( ),
() :
INSERT INTO _[_ ]
SELECT [.] 1[, 2[,...]
FROM
WHERE
SELECT,
. SELECT
- - ,
_; FROM
, ,
123
WHERE .
,
.
()
, {,
, , ).
:
INSERT INTO SELECT [-].* FROM
[-]
[-]
.
. .
:
INSERT INTO SELECT [-].* FROM
[-] WHERE [ ] >= #01/01/80#
[-) ,
.
5.3.2.5
INNER JOIN
FROM. , : ,
:
FROM 1 INNER JOIN 2 ON 1 .1 =
2.2
(noe1; 2). ,
.
:
- LEFT JQIN () -
"" "" ,
;
- RIGHT JOIN ()
"" ""
.
:
SELECT .*, .* FROM INNER JOIN
ON .[ .] = . [ .];
SELECT .*, .* FROM LEFT JOIN
ON .[ .] = .[ .];
SELECT .*, .* FROM RIGHT JOIN
ON .,[ .] = .[ .];
124
[ .]; ,
( ) .
. ,
.
JOIN
.
:
SELECT ., .. .[ ]
FROM ( INNER JOIN ( INNER JOIN
( ON . [ ] =
. [ ])
ON . [ .]=. [ .])
[ ]. ,
, .
[
.].
, ,
.
5.3.2.6
,
. :
DELETE [,*] FROM WHERE _
: DELETE * FROM
:
DELETE * FROM
.
DELETE*FROM C WHERE [ ]>#1.1.81#
, [ ]
.
,
:
:
DELETE .* FROM INNER JOIN ._
ON .[N] = ._.[] WHERE
:
125
[ ], .
5.4 SQL
5.4.1 SELECT
SELECT
.
,
,
, .. ( 7).
,
,
. ,
, ,
(),
.
SELECT :
SELECT
[]
{*
[*
|
[.]1
[,
126
[.]2.[,...]]}
[AS ! [, 2 [,...]]]
FROM [,...] [IN __\
[WHERE... ]
[GROUP BY...]
[HAVING...]
[ORDER BY... ]
[WITH OWNERACCESS OPTION]
SELECT
.
,
.
7 - SELECT
: ALL - ;
DISTINCT ,
;
DISTINCTROW
;
, ORDER BY
1, 2
, (
)
1,
2
FROM
[WHERE... ]
()
[GROUP BY... ]
( 10) ,
;
(,
..)
127
[HAVING... ]
[ORDER BY...]
[WITH
OWNERACCESS
OPTION]
( GROUP BY...)
,
;
.
(ASC), (DESC)
SELECT .
SELECT ,
, .
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- SQL.
:
SELECT [],[] FROM
SELECT TOP 5 [] FROM
SELECT TOP 5 [] FROM ORDER BY []
. ,
, .
5 , 5
, .
,
FROM,
(): [ ].[] [].[]
.
AS.
:.
SELECT DISTINCT [ ] AS FROM
SELECT [] &" "& [] AS , [ ] AS
FROM
128
, .
, [ ]
, ,
.
AS
.
5.4.2
WHERE ,
,
( 8) .
,
:
LIKE - ;
BETWEEN...AND- ;
IN
;
IS Null ().
"" , ..
"" ,
.
8 -
AND
(
)
Imp
Or
( )
Eqv
Not
(
Or)
:
1) SELECT .* FROM WHERE [ ] >=#01.01.79#
2) SELECT .* FROM WHERE [ ] >=#01.01.79#
129
GROUP BY [ .]
2) SELECT [ ], g() AS _ FROM
GROUP BY [ ]
,
.
:
1)SELECT , Avg(Pe) AS _ FROM
130
SELECT, ,
EXISTS ( NOT)
,
- .
:
SELECT* FROM WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM WHERE .[ .]=
.[ .])
, .
132
1 , .. . .: , 2002. 376 ., .
2 , .. Fox Pro 2.5/2.6, 1997.
3 , .. Visual Fox Pro 6.0 .: , 1999. 512 ., .
4 , .. Visual Fox Pro 7.0. . / ..,
.. .:+; .: ; .: ; .: -,
2004. 400 .
5 , .. , 2005.
6 , .. SQL: []: .
/.. .: ., -
, 2004. 368 .
7 , .. : . / . ... 3-
. . .: , 2006. 768 .: .
133