vk.

com/create_your_english

. .

(20 )

2004

 vk.com/create_your_english
81.2-9
18

. .

. ,
,
, ,
-

.. .
18 . 20 /
. . . .: . - : -
"", 2004. 63 .
ISBN 5-8123-0236-7
ISBN 5-699-06169-

(. - )
( - "")

,
.

, .
81.2-9

ISBN 5-8123-0236-7
ISBN 5-699-06169-

, 2004

 vk.com/create_your_english

.,
,
.,
ss, , sh, ch,
.,

.

+S

dog dogs
name names

+es

kiss - kisses
box boxes
brush brushes
church churches
t o m a t o tomatoes

+es

baby babies

( )
,

deer deer
sheep sheep
swine swine

,
/ fe,
ves

wolf wolves
wife wives
knife knives

man men
woman women
tooth t e e t h
goose geese
foot feet
mouse mice

trousers, glasses,
clothes, spectacles,
scissors, goods

sugar, milk, money,

weather, peace

child
. ,

child children
ox oxen

II

(The definite article)
the

t h e sun, t h e moon,
t h e e a r t h , t h e sky, t h e air,
t h e world

, , ,
,

The Pacific Ocean

Our classroom is on t h e
first floor

This is t h e biggest
building in our town

The apples are on t h e

table

The Kremlin

, ,
,

The U n i t e d S t a t e s of
America, The Crimea, t h e
Caucasus, t h e
British Museum, t h e 'Life'

The N o r t h , t h e South,
t h e East, t h e West

The Petrovs

,
(
. . . ,
)

The coat was large, t h e

trousers too long

,
previous, last,
following, next, only, very, same, right

t h e same story

She spoke about t h e

duties of t h e doctor

(The indefinite article)

a, an

My sister is a doctor

there is,
there was
there will be

There is a big pool in

o u r garden

What a nice evening!

!

such

It was such a
wonderful day!

!

,
, , ,
(a minute, a pound, a'hundred, a million
..)

I'll be in a m i n u t e

(
-
[]
)

Take a pencil, please

, ,

(

, , -)

A m a n w a n t s to see you
-

good day, great

deal, great many

a good deal, a great

deal, a g r e a t m a n y

,

to take the floor ;
to tell the time , ;
to tell the truth ;
to play the piano (the violin, etc.) ( ..);
to take the trouble ;
to go to the theatre (the cinema) ( );
in the distance ;
in the morning (the afternoon, the evening) (, );
in the street, etc. ..

,
-
on a large scale
as a matter of fact ;
to have a look ;
to have a smoke ;
to have a mind to ;
to take a fancy to -,
-;
to have a headache (toothache, etc.) (
..) ;
to go for a walk ;
to be in a hurry ;
to be at a loss ;
to be in a position to do smth. -
.

,
, -
,

These are very good

flowers

, ,
, ,

Life begins early in

Moscow

breakfast, lunch,
dinner, tea, supper,

We have lunch at
11a.m.

bed, school, town,

table, sea,

to go t o bed

by t r a i n
at night

to t a k e place
,

to keep house

Moscow, France;
Smith, P e t r o v

Monday, Tuesday,
January, February

,
,
(Father, Mother, Aunt, etc.),

.

F a t h e r ! Can you
help me?

III



( , 2- 3-
1- ed)
1-

2-

3-

to w a n t

wanted

wanted

( 2 - 3- - )
2-

1-

3-

ed

to live

lived

lived

1
ed

to study

studied

studied

ed

to stay

stayed

stayed

ed

to stop

stopped

stopped

: ,

I

III

arise

arose

arisen

be

was, were

been

become

became

become

begin

began

begun

()

bite

bit

bit

()

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

()

bring

brought

brought

build

built

built

burn

burnt

burnt-

buy

bought

bought

catch

caught

caught

choose

chose

chosen

come

came

come

cost

cost

cost

cut

cut

cut

do

did

done

draw

drew

drawn

dream

dreamt

dreamt

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

feed

fed

fed

feel

felt

felt

fight

fought

fought

find

found

found

fly

flew

flown

forget

forgot

forgotten

get

got

got

;
,

give

gave

given

go

went

gone

grow

grew

grown

have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

hide

hid

hidden

hold

held

held

10

kept

kept

know

knew

known

learn

learnt

learnt

()

leave

left

left

keep

let

let

let

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

mean

meant

meant

meet

met

met

put

put

put

r e a d [ri:d]

r e a d [red]

read [red]

ride

rode

ridden

rise

rose

risen

run

ran

run

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

shake

shook

shaken

shine

shone

shone

shoot

shot

shot

shut

shut

shut

sing

sang

sung

sat

sit

sat

sleep

slept

slept

smell

smelt

smelt

speak

spoke

spoken

spend

spent

spent

spread

spread

spread

stand

stood

stood

11

steal

stole

stolen

swear

swore

sworn

swim

swam

swum

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

tell

told

told

think

thought

thought

throw

threw

thrown

understand

understood

understood

. wear

wore

worn

win

won

won

wind

wound

wound

,
()

write

wrote

written

IV

can (could)

may (might)

must

have to

be to

ought t o

need

The Modal Verbs

shall

should

will

12

can, could

,

,

Can you s k a t e ?

?

You can see the forest

t h r o u g h the other
window

Can I use your c a r ?

You can use my car

? ,

may,
might

Can it be t r u e ?
?

It can't be t r u e
He

May I borrow your pen?

?

may be ill
,

You might have

helped me

13

You must talk

to your daughter about
her future

must not leave

his room for a while
-

You mustn't miss

the exhibition.
' It is very good

.

Your father
must be eighty now
,
, 80

had to do it

You don't have

to go there

We are to discuss it
next time

( )

says I am
to leave you alone
,

-,

was to be my friend
for many years to come

must

to have to

to be to

14

ought to

should

will
(would)

You ought to say a word

or two about yourself

You ought to have

called on him yesterday

You o u g h t n ' t to have

m a r r i e d her, David. It
was a great mistake

,
.

I t ' s late. You

should go to bed
.

The doctor knows

I won't be operated on
,
,

,
,

My pen wouldn't write

She will sit for h o u r s

u n d e r the old tree

15

need

You needn't
be afraid of me

,
,

You needn't have

hurried

V


The Present Tense

The Past Tense

The Future Tense

I write a letter

I wrote a letter
yesterday

I will write a letter

tomorrow

Perfect-Continuous Forms
-

Future in the Past

Future Tense

Perfect Forms

Past Tense

Continuous Forms

Present Tense

Indefinite Forms

16

VI
Indefinite Tenses

Indefinite Tenses ( )
Present Indefinite
Tense

,
,

We go to school
every day

Past Indefinite
Tense

I wrote a letter
yesterday

F u t u r e Indefinite
Tense

Tomorrow I shall
go to t h e cinema

F u t u r e Indefinite
in the P a s t

-
,

I thought that I
should see you at
the p a r t y
,

Present Indefinite Tense

( )

1 2
3 .. s

130

do/does

|;

+
+
+
do/does
not
_

17

Interrogative Form
Affirmative Form

Negative Form

I write

Do I write?

I do n o t write

You write

Do you write?

You do not write

He (she, it) writes

Does he (she, it)

write?

He (she, it) does not

write

We write

Do we write?

We do n o t write

They write

Do they write?

They do not write

Past Indefinite Tense

( )

+
+

did

|+

+
+
+
did
not

Interrogative Form
Affirmative Form

Negative Form

I wrote

Did I write?

I did not write

You wrote

Did you write?

You did not write

He (she, it) wrote

Did he (she, it)

write?

He (she, it) did n o t

write

We wrote

Did we write?

We did not write

They wrote

Did they write?

They did not write

18

Future Indefinite Tense

( )

shall/will

shall/will

(30

shall/will

+
+
not

Affirmative Form

Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I shall/will w r i t e

Shall/will I w r i t e ?

I shall/will n o t w r i t e

You will write

Will you w r i t e ?

You will n o t write

He (she, it) will

write

Will he (she, it)

write?

He (she, it) will n o t

write

We shall/will write

Shall/will we
write?

We shall/will not w r i t e

They will write

Will they w r i t e ?

They will n o t w r i t e

Future Indefinite Tense in the Past

( )

should/would

should/would

should/would

+
+
not

19

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I should/would
write

Should/would I
write?

I should/would not
write

You would write

Would you write?

You would not write

He (she, it) would

write

Would he (she, it)

write?

He (she, it) would not

write

We should/would
write

Should/would we
write?

We should/would not
write

They would write

Would they write?

They would not write

VII
Continuous Tenses

Continuous Tenses ( )
Present
Continuous Tense

Mother is m a k i n g dinner

P a s t Continuous
Tense

I was writing when the

bell r a n g
,

F u t u r e Continuous
Tense

,
-

I shall be waiting for you

at 9 o'clock
tomorrow

9

F u t u r e Continuous
in t h e P a s t

,
-

She didn't call on him

yesterday evening beca
use she t h o u g h t he would
be doing his work

,
,

20

Present Continuous Tense

( )

am, are, is

-ing

am, are, is

-ing

+
am, are, is + not + -ing

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I am writing

Am I writing?

I am not w r i t i n g

You a r e w r i t i n g

Are you writing?

You are not w r i t i n g

He (she, it) is
writing

Is he (she, it)
writing?

He (she, it) is not

writing

We a r e writing

Are we w r i t i n g ?

We a r e not writing

They a r e writing

Are they writing?

They a r e not writing

Past Continuous Tense

( )

was, were

-ing

was, were

-ing

+
was, were + not + -ing

21

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I was writing

Was I writing?

I was not writing

You were writing

Were you writing?

You were not writing

He (she, it) was

writing

Was he (she, it)

writing?

He (she, it) was not

writing

We were writing

Were we writing?

We were not writing

They were writing

Were they writing?

They were not writing

Future Continuous Tense

( )

+
shall be, will be
-ing

shall/will

-ing

be +

-j- ~}~ he
shall/will
not

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

-ing

Negative Form

I shall be/will be
writing

Shall/will I be
writing?

I shall/will not be wri

ting

You will be
writing

Will you be
writing?

You will not be writing

He (she, it) will be

writing

Will he (she, it) be

writing?

He (she, it) will not be

writing

We shall/will be
writing

Shall/will we be
writing?

We shall/will not be
writing

They will be
writing

Will they be
writing?

They will not be

writing

22

Future Continuous Tense in the Past

( )

should be, would be

-ing

should/would

+
+
+
not

be

-ing

Affirmative Form

Negative Form

I stiould/would be doing

I should/would not be doing

You would be doing

You would not be doing

He (she, it) would be doing

He (she, it) would not be

doing

We should be/would be
doing

We should/would not be
doing

They would be doing

They would not be doing

VIII
Perfect Tenses

Perfect T e n s e s ( )
Present Perfect
Tsynse

,
,

,
,
.

I have just bought this

book

Past Perfect
Tense

She had just made some

coffee when I arrived

,

23

Future Perfect
Tense

She will have gone home

by the time I arrive

,

Future Perfect
in the Past

,
Future Perfect,
,

My friend said that she

would have done this
work by the end of the
week
,

Present Perfect Tense

( )

have, has

III

have, has

III

+
have, has + not +
III

Affirmative Form

Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I have written

Have I written?

I have not written

You have written

Have you written?

You have not written

He (she, it) has

written

Has he (she, it)

written?

He (she, it) has not

written

We have written

Have we written?

We have not written

They have written

Have they written?

They have not written

24

Past Perfect Tense

( )

+
+
had
III

+
had
III

+
+
had
not + III

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I had written

Had I written?

I had not written

You had written

Had you written?

You had not written

He (she, it) had

written

Had he (she, it)

written?

He (she, it) had not

written

We had written

Had we written?

We had not written

They had written

Had they written?

They had not written

Future Perfect Tense

( )

+
+
shall have, will have
III

shall/will + + have +
III

+
have

+ shall/will + not
+
+ III

25

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

He (she, it) will

have written

Will you have

written?
Will he (she, it)
have written?

Negative Form
I shall/will not have
written
You will not have
written
He (she, it) will not
have written

We shall have/will
have written

Shall/will we have
written?

We shall/will not have

written

They will have

written

Will they have

written?

They will not have

written

I shall have/will
have written
You will have
written

Shall/will I have
written?

Future Perfect Tense in the Past

( )

should have, would have

III

have
III
should/would

should/would

not

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form
I should have/
would have done
You would have
done
He (she, it) would
have done

Should/would I
have done?

We should have/
would have done

Would you have

done?
Would he (she, it)
have done?
Should/would we
have done?

They would have

done

Would they have

done?

+
+ have +

III

Negative Form
I should/would
not have done
You would not have
done
He (she, it) would
not have done
We should/would
not have done
They would not have
done

26

IX
Perfect Continuous Tenses

Perfect Continuous Tenses
(- )
,
Present Perfect

Continuous

Tense

I have been waiting

for you for 4 hours

4

P a s t Perfect
Continuous
Tense

,
-
,

-

When you came I h a d

already been waiting
for you for 2 hours
,

2

F u t u r e Perfect
Continuous
Tense

-

.




,

By next week you will

have been studying in
this class for 4 m o n t h s

4 ,

F u t u r e Perfect
Continuous
Tense
in t h e P a s t

-

She said t h a t by
t h e next m o n t h her

m o t h e r would have
,
been working in
-
t h e hospital for 2 years

,

2 ,

27

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

( - )

have been, has been

-ing

have been, has been

-ing

have been, has been

not

-ing

Affirmative Form

Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I have been living

Have I been living?

I have not been living

You have been

living

Have you been

living?

You have not been

living

He (she, it) has

been living

Has he (she, it)

been living?

He (she, it) has

not been living

We have been
living

Have we been
living?

We have not been

living

They have been

living

Have they been

living?

They have not been

living

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

( - )

had been

-ing

had

been

-ing

had

not

been

-ing

28

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

Negative Form

I h a d been working

H a d I been
working?

I h a d not been working

You had been

working

Had you been

working?

You had not been

working

He (she, it) had

been working

H a d he (she, it)
been working?

He (she, it) h a d
not been working

We h a d been
working

H a d we been
working?

We h a d not been
working

They h a d been
working

H a d they been
working?

They h a d not been

working

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

( - )

shall/will

have been

-ing

shall/will

+ have been +

-ing

shall /will

+ +
not

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

have
been

+ -ing

Negative Form

I shall/will have
been doing

Shall/will I have
been doing?

I shall/will not have

been doing

You will have been

doing

Will you have been

doing?

You will not have been

doing

He (she, it) will

have been doing

Will he (she, it)

have been doing?

He (she, it) will

not have been doing

We shall/will have
been doing

Shall/will we have
been doing?

We shall/will not have

been doing

They will have

been doing

Will they have

been doing?

They will not have been

doing

29

Future Perfect Continuous Tense in the Past

( - )

,
+
should/would +
-n rt a -rii-i rr ott J rt fit trftii 1 rt

'

have

III

should/would

have

III

should/would

+
+
+ have +
not

Affirmative Form
Interrogative Form

III

Negative Form

I should/would
have done

Should/would I
have done?

I should/would
not have done

You would have

done

Would you have

done?

You would not have

done

He (she, it) would

have done

Would he (she, it)

have done?

He (she, it) would

n o t have done

We should/would
have done

Should we have
done?

We should/would
not have done

They would have

done

W o u l d they have
done?

They would not have

done

30

X

(voice)

The Active
Voice

The Passive
Voice

Pete has
broken the
window

The window
has been
broken
by Pete

I ask
I asked
I shall ask
Do I ask?
Did I ask?
Shall I ask?
I do not ask
I did not ask
I shall not ask
I am asked
I was asked
I shall be asked
Am I asked?
Was I asked?
Shall I be asked?
I am not asked
I was not asked
I shall not be asked

-
Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect
Continuous

Present

I am sent

I am being
sent

I have been
sent

Past f

I was sent

I was being
sent

I had been
sent

Future

I shall be
sent

I shall have
been sent

Future
in the Past

I should be
sent

I should
have been
sent

31

I gave him
(ind.obj.)
a book
(dir.obj.)
They sent
for the
doctor

1. The Direct Passive:
The book was given
to him
2. The Indirect Passive:
He was given a book
3. The Prepositional
Passive:
The doctor was sent for

(. .)

(, .)

to swim

(The Participle)

the girl
swimming
in the pool

(The Gerund)

swimming

(The Infinitive)

,
,

32

!
.

(Personal
pronouns)

:
I, you, he, she, it, we,

they, me, him, her,

us, t h e m

(Possessive
pronouns)

.
:

mine, yours, his, hers,

its, theirs, ours

(Indefinite
pronouns)

some, any, somebody,

anybody, someone,
anyone, something,
anything, little, few,
a lot of, all, every,
both, either, n e i t h e r

(Reflexive
pronouns)

,



. .
.

myself, yourself,
himself, herself,
itself, ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves, oneself

(Demonstrative
pronouns)

this these
t h a t those
such, t h e same

(Interrogative
pronouns)

who, whom, whose,

what, which, how
much, how many

(Reciprocal
pronouns)

'each o t h e r '
,

each other
( )
one a n o t h e r
( )

(Negative
pronouns)

nobody, n o t h i n g

33

(Personal pronouns)
:

you

you

he

him

she

her

it

it

we

us

you

you

they

them

(Possessive pronouns)

my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its

our ours
your yours
their theirs

all, both, few, one, either, any,

every, many, some, neither,
each, little, much, several

anybody, anything, everybody,

everything, somebody,
something, anyone, everyone,
someone

much (), little ()

a little ()

many (), few (),
a few ()

34

(Indefinite pronouns)

much (),
little (),
a little
()

I have little time

for dancing today

She told me many

interesting facts
about this writer

I have got some new

pictures

Can I have some more

tea?
?

Have you got any new

dresses?
?

many (),
few (),
a few
()

some

any

Take any cake you like

,

,
somebody,
someone

-, -

Somebody, open the door!

-,
!

Is anybody absent today?

-
-, -
?
anybody,
anyone

not

didn't see anybody

in the room

Anybody can do that

35

Can I do anything for you?

-, -
- ?

anything

each
(
)

every
(,
)

not

could not find

anything in the basket

You can do anything

you like
,

I asked each pupil to come

(
,

)
I asked every pupil
to come
(
,
)

everybody,
everyone

Kate knows everybody

in our house

everything

Everything must be ready

by 5 o'clock

(Reflexive p r o n o u n s )

myself

ourselves

yourself

yourselves

himself
herself
itself

themselves

36

(Demonstrative pronouns)

this these

that those

such
*

same

This is our house

Why don't you come and

see me some time. How
about this Sunday?

.

?

This is what she said

That is our school

I was very
hungry that day

Is that all you

wanted to say?
,
?

Shaggy is such
a clever dog

I have never seen such

beautiful roses

Read the same phrase

once more

37

(Interrogative pronouns)

who

Who is here?
?

whom
,

Whom did you see

there?
?

whose

Whose car do you

prefer to go in?


?

what
,

What are those strange

objects in the distance?

?

which

Which bus must I take

for the zoo?


?

how much

How much time

do you need?

?

how many

How many boys took

part in the concert?

38

(Reciprocal pronouns)

each other

Kate and Nick saw

each other every
evening

one another

,

,

The five pupies liked

one another very much

(Negative pronouns)

nobody,
no one

There was nobody

in the room

nothing

I know nothing about it

XII
: ,
(General questions)

Example: Can you help us? Yes, I can.

39

40

XIII
.

Present
Participle
(active
and
passive)

Perfect
Participle
(active
and
passive)
4

Past
Participle
(passive)

Seeing that I was late,

I hurried
, ,

Being written in Spanish, the
article was not easy
to translate

,

-

, '

Having asked a question

the teacher was waiting
for an answer
,

Having been asked the
question the boy was
thinking of an answer

, ,

At our excursion we saw

a building built many
years ago

,

( D i s j u n c t i v e q u e s t i o n s )

is an engineer,
isn't he?

You didn't go to the

theatre yesterday,
did you?

41

Active
Passive
Voice
Voice

Passive
Active
Voice
Voice

Present Participle
(
)

going

asking

being
asked

Past Participle
(
)

__

gone

asked

Perfect Participle
(
)

having
gone

having
asked

having
been
asked

Present Participle

Example: I saw her writing the letter.

: , .

Past Participle

Example: I must have my watch repaired.

: .

Present Participle

Perfect Participle
Past Participle

Example: The article being in Spanish,

I could not understand one word.
: ,
.

42

XIV


(Coordinating Conjunction)

and
as well as

neither... nor
...
both... and
. . .
not only... but
also
...

Kate goes to the park,

and I go with her
,

either... or
...
or

Either go with me
or stay here
,

still
yet

but

Kate looked for the doll

everywhere,
but couldn't find it
,

for
,

Kate decided to take

the umbrella, for it looked
like raining
,
, ,

therefore

thus

so

I'm not hungry, so there

is no need to have dinner
,

43

( S u b o r d i n a t i n g Conjunction)

after

before

when
where
until (till)
...
as
,
as long as

as
as...as

JKt? KfAK

as if
(as though)
()

Let's wait until the rain

stops

,

Say the word as I said it

,

if
whether

will do it if you ask him

,

that

Kate told me that she

would come at seven
,

as
because

since
,

so that

I can't go to the cinema

because I'm busy
,

44

XV

(Sequence of tenses)

Past
Indefinite

Past
Continuous

I knew you were ready

,
I told you t h a t I was
p r e p a r i n g for t h e lessons
,

'

P a s t Per
fect

I didn't know t h a t he h a d
gone to the cinema
,

Past
Indefinite

I knew you were in t h e

cinema yesterday
,

Future
in the P a s t

I knew t h a t he would
go to the cinema
,

Past
Indefinite

She said it would be a pity

if I went into
a factory
,
,

Present
Indefinite

The teacher told us t h a t

t h e names of the cardinal
points a r e used with t h e
definite article
,

45

XVI

hard

harder

hardest

beautifully

more
beautifully

most
beautifully

well

better

best

badly

worse

worst

far

farther

farthest

little

less

least

much

more

most

46

new

newer

newest

-er, -oiv, -, -1

clever
narrow
happy
simple

cleverer
narrower
happier
simpler

cleverest
narrowest
happiest
simplest

beautiful

more
beautiful

most
beautiful

good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

farther

farthest

far

(o for distance)
far

further

furthest

( for time and distance)

near

nearer

nearest

(o for distance)
near

nearer

next

( for order)
late
t

late

later

latest

( for time)
later

last

( for order)
old

older

oldest

( for age)
old

elder
( , ]

eldest

47

XVII
.

1

one [WAn]

19

nineteen [nain'ti:n]

two [tu:]

20

twenty ['twenti]

three [9ri:]

21

twenty one ['twenti'wAn]

four [fo:]

22

twenty two ['twenti'tu:]

five [faiv]

30

thirty [':ti]

six [siks]

40

forty [fo:ti]

seven ['sevn]

50

fifty [fifti]

eight [eit]

60

sixty fsiksti]

nine [nam]

70

seventy ['sevnti]

10

ten [ten]

80

eighty ['eiti]

11

eleven [l'levn]

90

ninety ['nainti]

12

twelve ['twelv]

100

one hundred
[wan hAndrid]

13

thirteen [9:'1]

101

one hundred and one

[wAn hAndnd and 'wAn]

14

fourteen [fb:'ti:n]

200

two hundred
['tu: hAndnd]

15

fifteen [fifti:n]

1000

one thousand
[wAn 'auznd]

16

sixteen
[siks'ti:n]

1001

one thousand and one

[wAn 'auzand and 'WAn]

17

seventeen
[sevn'ti:n]

1000000

18

eighteen
[ei'ti:n]

one million
[WAn 'miljn]

48

first
[fast]

17

seventeenth
[sevn'ti:n]

second
['sakand ]

18

eighteenth
[ei'ti:n]

third
[Bad]

19

nineteenth
[nam'ti:n]

fourth
[fo:9]

20

twentieth
['twentu]

fifth
[fife]

21

twenty-first
[twenti 'fa:st]

sixth
[siksG]

30

thirtieth
[':tu]

seventh
[sevnG]

40

fortieth
[f:tu]

eighth
[eitG]

50

fiftieth
[fiftu]

ninth
[namQ]

60

sixtieth
['sikstu]

10

tenth
[tenO]

70

seventieth
['sevntu]

11

eleventh
[i'levn9]

80

eightieth
[eitu]

12

twelfth
[twelve]

90

ninetieth
['namtu]

13

thirteenth
[Ga:'ti:n9]

100

fourteenth
[fo:'ti:n9]

101

14

15

fifteenth
[fiftmG]

121

hundredth
['liAndrith]

h u n d r e d a n d first
[hAndrid and Ta:st]
hundred
and twenty first
[hAndrid

nd twenti f:st]
16

sixteenth
[siks'ti:n9]

1000

thousandth
['auznd]

49

1.003

a/one thousand and three

340.258

three hundred and forty thousand, two hundred and

fifty-eight

512

five hundred and twelve

3.201

three thousand, two hundred and one

5.200

five thousand, two hundred

530.620

five hundred and t h i r t y thousand, six hundred and

twenty

404.000.000

four hundred and four million

100.000

a hundred thousand

1.001

a thousand and one 1.099 a thousand

and ninety-nine

101

a hundred and one 199 a hundred and

ninety-nine

1.050

a/one thousand and fifty

1.150

one thousand, one hundred and fifty

50

XVIII

Present Indefinite

Past Indefinite

You dance so well

said I danced so well

,

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

I'm waiting for Kate

She said she was waiting for Kate

,

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

The mouse has stolen the

cheese

She told me that the mouse had

stolen the cheese
,

Past Indefinite

Past Perfect

I made it yesterday
'

told me that he had made it the

day before
,

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

I've been waiting for years

She said she had been waiting for

years
,

Future Indefinite

Future Indefinite in the Past

I shall study better

c

He said he would study better

,

,
.

51

this

t h a t

these-

those

here

t h e r e

now

t h e n

today

on t h a t day

this week

t h a t week

yesterday

t h e day before

last week (night)

( )

the previous week

two days ago

two days before

tomorrow

t h e next day

, ,
:

. .. ">-,

The English children
asked us, 'Do you
like s p o r t s ? '

:
?

My friemd asked
me, 'Where did you
spend your

holidays?'

:
if, why,
whether, when,
where, what,
who, which

The English children

asked us if (whether)
we liked sports

,

:.
if, why,
whether, when,
where, what,
who, which

My friend asked me
where I had spent
my holidays

,

- 'No'

- 'Yes'

52

The teacher said to

t h e pupil, 'Go to the
blackboard'

The teacher told t h e

pupil to go to t h e
blackboard

We asked,
'Mother, don't be
angry with us'
:
,

not,

We asked m o t h e r
not to be angry
with us

said,
'Yes, I shall do i t '
:
,

:
to agree
(),
to answer in
t h e affirmative
(
)

agreed to do it


answered
in t h e affirmative

:
to reject
(),
to refuse (
), to deny
(),
to answer in t h e
negative (

She answered
in the negative

(
)
She denied t h a t she
h a d been t h e r e

*
She answered, 'No, I
haven't been t h e r e '
:
,

53

XIX

(The Conditional Mood)
Present Conditional

Perfect Conditional

If I were you,
I would speak about it

wish

I wish you would be more polite

,

I should be too glad if you'd

translate this article for me
,

XX

Indefinite Gerund
( )

+ ing

to ask asking

Perfect Gerund
( )

having
+ III

having asked

Passive Gerund
( )

being
+ III

being asked

54

Reading is useful

Your job was collecting the material

Seeing is believing

Nobody likes waiting .

I don't see any use in going there

talked without stopping

teach+er=teacher

im+lucky=unlucky

(Simple Adjectives)

red, bad, big

(Derived Adjectives)

useful, dirty

(Compound Adj ectives)

well-known,
good-looking,
brown-eyed

55

(Simple
Prepositions)

at , ,
on ,
in ,
from
to ,
with

about
till
of ,
by
for

(Derived
Prepositions)

into
upon
behind
before

inside
outside
during
throughout

in front of
because of -
as far as

instead of
out of
contrary

(Compound
Prepositions)

in spite of
according to

?
?

well
quickly
slowly
fast
badly
clearly
deeply
sincerely
willingly ,

Kate walked very slowly

? ?

often
never
always
sometimes
ever -
constantly
twice
three times
occasionally

They sometimes stay up

all night

( )

(Adverbs of frequency)

'
(Adverbs of manner)

(Classification of adverbs)

56

Two children were lost

in the forest yesterday

Where are you going to?
?

little
much
hardly
very
too
just
almost
quite
rather
enough
extremely
completely

You have come too late

' ? ? ?
?

here
there
downstairs
outside
where
far
back
inside
backwards
everywhere
below
abroad
to and fro -
seawards
? ?
?
? ?

(Adverbs of place or direction)

today
yesterday
before
soon
now
late
tomorrow
then
sometimes
always
lately -
already
yet
afterwards
immediately
suddenly ,
at once

(Adverbs of degree)

(Adverbs of time)

57

here
(
out
) quite

there
little
soon

(


)

.
upstairs
badly
.
daily

slowly
,
forward
,
usually
i .
downstairs

sometimes
(
,
anywhere ...

at first
)

meantime
at least

(The Particles)

not

I'm going to the cinema,

not to school
,

also, too, as
well as either

We are going to the

cinema tomorrow.
Kate is going too

.

(
, )

I could hardly
understand him

about

['baut]

; ; ;

across

after

[:ft]

; ; ,

against

['geinst]

along

also

58

among

and

around

at

; ;

at last

-;

because

; -

before

; ; ;

below

behind

beside -

between

but

by

( ); ;
;

down

from

for

; ;

either, or

... ...

however

in

into

neither... nor

... ... "

of

( );

of course

on

; ;

once

; -

one -

; -

59

or

over

round

; ;

since

so

; ;

so as

still

than

that

; ; ; ;

although

through

till

until

towards

to

( ); ; ;

under

unless

...

up

upon

; ;

what

whether

while

with

( );

within

without

yet

not yet

60

(

-


)

when
as soon as
before
until
while
after
since

Return here as soon

as you can

where
wherever

The plane landed where it

was supposed to

,

as
as if
than
how
the...the

The sooner we start, the

quicker we get there

,

because
since
as

I can't go because I have

no money
,

so that
in case
in order that

Make a note of it in case

you forget

,

that
so that
such that

I'm so hungry that I can't

go anywhere
,

though
even if
no matter
whatever

I'll buy the ticket

whatever it costs
. ,

(
' )

if
unless
suppose

What shall we do if it
rains?
,
?

61

3
3

II

(The definite article) the
(The indefinite article) a, an

4
4
5
6

III

7
7
8
8

IV

11
12

15

VI
Indefinite Tenses
Indefinite Tenses ( )
Present Indefinite Tense
Past Indefinite Tense
Future Indefinite Tense
Future Indefinite Tense in the Past

15

16
16
16
17
18
18

VII
Continuous Tenses
Continuous Tenses ( )
Past Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense in the Past

19
20
20
20
21
22

62

VIII
Perfect Tenses
Perfect Tenses ( )
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense in the Past

22
22
23
24
24
25

IX
Perfect Continuous Tenses
Perfect Continuous Tenses (- )
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense in the Past

26
26
27
27
29

X

(voice)
-

30
30
30
31
31

XI
.
(Personal pronouns)
(Possessive pronouns)
(Indefinite pronouns)
(Reflexive pronouns)
(Demonstrative pronouns)
(Interrogative pronouns)
(Negative pronouns)
(Reciprocal pronouns)

32
33
33
33
35
36
37
38
38

XII
: ,
(General questions)
(Special questions)

38
38
39

XIII
.

(Disjunctive questions)

40
40
40
41
41

63

X I V

(Coordinating Conjunction)
(Subordinating Conjunction)

42
42
43

XV

(Sequence of tenses)


XVI




"

44
44
45
45
45
46
46
47

XVII
.

47
48
49
49

XVIII

50
53

XIX

53
53

XX

53
54
54
54

(Classification of adverbs)

(The Particles)

55
55
57
57
57
60



. 20
.
.
.



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