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ISBN 978-5-9775-3346-1
Windows, Mac OS X Linux
Qt 5.3. ,
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20
22
23
23
32
I. QT 43
1. Qt 45
Qt 45
Qt 46
Qt 48
QtCore 48
QtGui 49
QtWidgets 49
QtQuick QtQML 50
QtNetwork 51
QtXml QtXmlPatterns 51
QtSql 51
QtOpenGL 51
QtWebK.it QtWebKitWidgets 51
QtMultimedia QtMultimediaWidgets 51
QtScript QtScriptTools 51
QtSvg 52
52
2. 53
55
58
60
61
4
66
67
68
70
71
3. Qt 72
72
Qt Assistant 72
qmake 72
Qt 76
77
RCC 78
Qt- 79
79
GDB (GNU Debugger) 80
83
Qt 86
Qt 87
89
4. 90
91
92
Java 93
STL 94
foreach 96
96
QVector<T> 97
QByteArray 98
QBitArray 99
QList<T> QLinkedList<T> 99
QStack<> 101
QQueue< > 101
102
QMap<K,T> QMultiMap<K,T> 103
QHash<K, > QMultiHash<K, > 104
QSet<T> 105
107
108
109
109
109
110
111
QVariant 113
114
115
5
II. 117
5. ? 119
QWidget 119
122
123
123
124
127
127
128
130
6. 131
(layout managers) 131
133
QBoxLayout 133
QHBoxLayout 135
QVBoxLayout 136
137
QGridLayout 138
144
QSplitter 144
145
7. 146
146
150
153
155
8. , 156
? QAbstractButton 156
156
156
157
157
160
161
162
165
9. 166
QAbstractSlider 166
166
166
167
167
6
1 67
169
170
172
10. 173
173
175
178
(syntax highlighting) 178
? 184
185
1 86
187
188
11. 189
189
189
191
191
191
192
193
196
196
198
199
200
201
12. , - 202
203
203
205
206
208
210
210
214
215
(Proxy model) 222
- 224
226
13. 227
230
7
III. 231
14. 233
235
235
QKeyEvent 235
QFocusEvent 238
. QPaintEvent 238
239
QMouseEvent 239
QWheelEvent 243
enterEvent() leaveEvent() 243
. QTimerEvent 243
(drag & drop) 244
QDragEnterEvent 244
QDragLeaveEvent 244
QDragMoveEvent 244
QDropEvent 244
244
QChildEvent 244
QCloseEvent 244
QHideEvent 245
QMoveEvent 245
QShowEvent 245
QResizeEvent 245
246
event() 247
250
25 1
15. 252
252
255
16. 256
259
IV. 261
17. 263
263
263
264
266
266
267
267
QColor 267
RGB 268
8
HSV 269
CMYK 270
271
272
273
18. 274
QPainter 275
277
277
278
279
(Anti-aliasing) 280
281
28 1
282
283
283
286
286
287
288
288
288
288
(painter path) 289
290
(composition mode) 291
294
296
19. 297
297
BMP 297
GIF 298
PNG 298
JPEG 298
298
- 300
Qlmage 300
Qlmage 307
- 308
QPixmap 308
QPixmapCache 310
QBitmap 310
QPixmap 310
31 1
314
9
20. 316
318
321
21. 322
324
324
325
327
333
335
22. 336
QMovie 336
SVG- 338
339
342
346
349
23. OpenGL 350

OpenGL 350
Qt OpenGL 352
OpenGL- 352
OpenGL- 355
OpenGL 356
359
363
24. 364
QPrinter 364
369
25. 370
370
375
26. 376
378
382
383
383
384
384
QStyle 388
388
389
390
391
392
396
10
27. 397
397
WAV-: QSound 398
:
QMediaPlayer 399
QMediaPlayer 406
408
V. 409
28. 411
418
420
29. 421
421
422
drag 424
drop 426
428
433
30. 435
435
lupdate 437
Qt Linguist 438
lrelease. , 439
441
443
444
31. 445
445
449
450
451
32. 452
452
QDialog 453
453
454
454
458
458
460
461
462
463
11
464
465
466
468
469
469
470
About Qt 470
471
471
33. 473
473
475
(Online Help) 476
478
34. , SDI- MDT- 480

QMainWindow 480
QAction 481
482
484
485
487
SDI- MDI- 489
SDI- 489
MDI- 493
501
35. (Desktop) 502

502
507
5 11
511
VI. QT 513
36. , / 515
/. QlODevice 515
. QFile 517
QBuffer 518
QTemporaryF 519
. QDir 519
520
. QFilelnfo 523
? 523
524
524
524
524
12
525
/ 527
QTextStream 527
QDataStream 529
529
37. , 531
531
QDate 531
QTime 533
QDateTime 534
534
535
QTimer 537
QBasicTimer 539
539
38. 540
540
543
545
545
- 546
55 1
554
554
556
556
557
QtConcurrent 557
559
39. 561
561
- 562
- 563
- 568
UDP- UDP- 572
576
583
585
586
40. XML 587

XML- 587
XML Qt 589
DOM 589
XML- 590
XML- 592
13
SAX 594
XML- 594
QXmlStreamReader XML 597
XQuery 599
602
41. 603
SQL 603
604
604
604
605
605
SQL Qt 605
( ) 607
SQL ( ) 608
SQL- ( ) 611
612
613
615
616
42. 617
617
618
(plug-ins) 621
Qt 621
623
627
629
43. Qt API 630

Windows API 632
Linux 635
Mac OS X 635
639
641
44. Qt Designer. 642

Qt Designer 642
645
(layout) 646
647
648
650
650
652
653
655
14
45. 657
658
661
663
664
665
46. WebKit 666

667
? 668
668
Web- 670
670
670
671
Web-, 671
676
47. Qt Creator 677

678
Hello Qt Creator 679
Qt Creator 684
685
685
685
688
? 688
688
689
689
694
694
694
694
695
, 695
696
696
697
698
699
699
699
Step Over 700
Step Into 701
Step Out 701
701
(Local and Watches) 702
(Call Stack) 703
703
15
48. Qt 4 Qt 5 705
Qt 5 Qt 4 705
Qt 5 705
706
706
qFindChildren<T*>() 707
707
WebKit 707
707
Plug-ins 707
QPrinter 708
708
708
Qt 5 Qt 4 708
71 1
VII. QT SCRIPT 713

49. 715
716
719
, 720
721
50. 723
723
724
724
725
725
725
726
726
726
728
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730
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732
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if... else 732
switch 733
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with 735
735
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737
738
739
741
742
744
744
745
51. Qt Script 746

Global 746
Number 746
Boolean 746
String 747
747
747
747
747
RegExp 747
748
748
Array 748
749
749
749
750
750
750
750
Date 751
Math 752
752
753
753
753
753
754
754
754
Function 755
755
17
52. Qt Script 756

QScriptValue 756
QScriptContext 756
QScriptEngine 757
759
760
, 767
Qt Script 770
773
VIII. QT QUICK 775

53. Qt Quick 777
? 777
QML 779
779
JavaScript QML 783
784
54. 786
786
788
790
792
794
797
799
55. 800
800
807
811
56. 812
812
813
Image 813
Borderlmage 816
817
818
819
821
57. 822
822
825
829
830
832
834
18
58. 835
835
837
838
839
840
842
845
845
848
851
59. / 852
852
852
XML- 853
855
Flickable 855
ListView 856
GridView 858
PathView 860
863
60. Qt Quick C++ 864

QML C++ 864
C++ QML 865
877
878
879
1. ASCII 881
2. 884
3. 887
4. 891
901

,
,

(Goes)

.

Let's start with a fictional story. Imagine ten years ago, someone came to me and asked: Is it
possible to write a feature-rich graphical application, and then compile and run this application
natively on all different major operating systems? On Linux, on UNIX, on Windows, and on the
Macintosh? Back then as a young computer scientist I would probably have answered,
No, that's not possible. And if it was, the system would be very difficult to use, and limited by the
weakest platform. Better choose one platform, or write your code several times.
A few years later I discovered Qt and how wrong I was!
Qt makes true cross-platform programming a reality, without limiting your choices and creativity.
It gives users what users want: fast, native applications that look and feel just right. It gives
developers what developers want: a framework that lets us write less code, and create more.
A framework that makes programming fun again, no matter whether we do commercial work or
contribute to Open Source projects.
Too good to be true? You don't believe me? Well, the proof is easy. I'll pass the word on to Max,
who will tell you exactly how it's done. Max, your turn.
Before I leave, let me wish you good luck with your first Qt-steps. But be careful, it may very well
turn into a lifetime addiction. Either way, I hope you will have as much fun using Qt as we have
creating it for you.
Matthias Ettrich
October 1st, 2004, Oslo
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}
1.1 Qtwidgets,

: QApplication QLabel. ,
46 I. Qt
Qtwidgets,
QApplication QLabel, ,
, . ,
,
(Precompiled Headers),
, .
. QApplication,
.
.
,
, ,
, . Qt
,
, .
QLabel. Qt
, show().
QLabel ,
. ,
,
.
,
.
,
QApplication::(). ,
QCoreApplication, QGuiApplication,
QApplication.
. ,
QCoreApplication::exit (),
. QApplication::()
, , .
Qt
, , -
, , .
Qt , ,
.
Qt ( 500),
,
, , , .
. Qt ,
(. 1.1).
Qt-
1.1 : Qtcore, QtGui Qtwidgets,

make- (. 3) . -
1. Qt 47
1.1. Qt
, ,
QtCore core

QtGui gui

, QtGui
QtWidgets widgets
C++
,
Qt Quick quick

, QML
QtQML qml
JavaScript
QtNetwork network
QtOpenGL opengl OpenGL

QtSql sql
SVG (Scalable Vector
QtSvg svg
Graphics, )
XML, ,
QtXml xml
SAX DOM
QtXmlPatterns
XPath, XQuery, XSLT
xmlpatterns
XmlShemaValidator
QtScript script

QtScriptTools scripttools .

QtMultimedia multimedia
QtMultimediaWidgets multimediawidgets QtMultimedia
QtWebKit webkit Web-
QtWebKitWidgets webkitwidgets QtWebKit
QPrintSupport print support
,
QtTest test

(. 3). ,
, :
QT += widgets opengl network sql
:
QT -= gui
. I.I QtCore,
. ,
QtCore, : QtNetwork, QtGui, QtSql Qtxml. , , ,
: QtOpenGL QtSvg.
48 I. Qt
Qt ,
.
. , Qtwidgets
, 1.1:
# include <QtWidgets>
Qt
Qt ,
. -
, Qt (, red,
Qt : : red). - Qt,
:
using namespace Qt;
QtCore
, QtCore.
, .
, , ,
. QtCore 200 ,
:
: QList, QVector, QMap, QVariant, QString . . (. 4);
: QiODevice, QTextStream, QFile (. 36);
QProcess : QThread,
QWaitCondition, QMutex (. 55);
: QBasicTimer QTimer (. 37);
: QDate QTime (. 37);
QObject, Qt (. 2);
QEvent (. 14);
QSettings (. 28);
QCoreApplication, , ,
;
: QAbstractAnimation, QVariantAnimation . . (. 22);
: QStateMachine, QState . . (. 22);
: QAbstractltemModel, QStringListModel, QAbstractProxyModel
(. 12).
(. 5).
QCoreApplication.
QCoreApplication , ,
. QCoreApplication
,
1. Qt 49
. QCoreApplication
. :
;
.
, QCoreApplication , ,
,
.
Singleton.
QtGui
, OpenGL OpenGL
ES. QWindow,
, ,
.
QGuiApplication.
:
(. 29);
,
(. 13);
.
QtWidgets
,
.
300 . :
Qwidget Qt.
, ,

. 254 53 . 5
;
: QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout (. 6);
: QLabel, QLCDNumber (. 7);
: QPushButton, QCheckBox, QRadioButton (. 8);
: QSlider, QScrollBar (. 9);
: QLineEdit, QSpinBox (. 10);
: QComboBox, QTooiBox(. 11);
: QMainwindow QMenu (. 31 34);
: QMessageBox, QDiaiog (. 32);
: QPainter, QBrush, QPen, QColor (. 18);
: Qimage, QPixmap (. 19);
50 I. Qt
(. 26) ,
, ;
QApplication, .

QApplication,
. ,
QCo1ication, ,
. QApplication
Qt-, .
, , ,
. ,

, .
QApplication QGuiApplication
:
.
(Look & Feel) , (. 26)\
(desktop);
(,
)
;

(. 28).
, ,
. QApplication
alert ( ) . -
Mac OS X (. 1.2) Windows (. 1 .3).
. 1.2.
- Mac OS X
QtQuick QtQML
,

QML, JavaScript Qt
(. 53).
1. Qt 51
QtNetwork
QtNetwork TCP-
UDP- ( QTcpSocket QudpSocket), -,
HTTP- FTP- ( QNetworkAccessManager).
39.
QtXml QtXmlPatterns
Qtxml XML
SAX2- DOM-, Qt (. 40).
QtXmlPatterns
XML : XPath, XQuery, XSLT XmlShemaValidator.
QtSql
. ,
(. 41).
QtOpenGL
QtOpenGL OpenGL Qt- -
. QGLWidget,
QWidget (. 23).
QtWebKit QtWebKitWidgets
QtwebKit Web.
QtwebKitewidgets
Web
. 46.
QtMultimedia QtMultimediaWidgets
QtMultimedia
. ,
, ,
- .
QtMultimediaWidgets ,
.
27.
QtScript QtScriptTools
QtScript
JavaScript. QtScriptTools
. VII.
52 I. Qt
QtSvg
SVG, XML.

, (. 22).
Qt , :
QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, QtQuick, QtQML, QtScript, QtMultimedia, QtWebKit, QtNetwork,
QtOpenGL, Qtsqi, Qtxml QtSvg. ,
, , .
, ,
, .
QtCore,
( ). QCoreApplication
.

QtWidgets QtQuick. QGuiApplication QApplication
Qt- .
.
2
,
, , .

Qt , . ,
QObject , . Qt
. , ,
.

,
QObject ( ) , (Meta Object
Compiler, ) .
. 2.1
.
2.1.
class MyClass : public QObject, public AnotherClass {

, QObject
. ,
, QObject.
QObject :
(signal/slot);
;
;
;
;
;
54 I. Qt
;
.
,
, .
.
, QObject,
. .
37.

,
, -
.
.
, QObject,

(. 15).
,
, ,
.
. Qt
qobject_cast<T> ( ) , ,
(. 3) , QObject.
, .
,
Qt Script (. VII).
Qt Designer (. 44),
Qt .
Q_PROPERTY. :
Q_PROPERTY(type name
READ getFunction
[WRITE setFunction]
[RESET resetFunction]
[DESIGNABLE bool]
[SCRIPTABLE bool]
[STORED bool]
)
, (READ).
.
(WRITE), (RESET), (DESIGNABLE)
() , ,

Qt Designer. (SCRIPTABLE) ,
, Qt Script. ,
(STORED) , ,
.
, , (
),
( 2.2).
2. 55
2.2.
class MyClass : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(bool readonly READ isReadOnly WRITE setReadOnly)
private:
bool m_bReadOnly;
public:
MyClass(QObject* pobj = 0) : QObject (pobj )
, m_bReadOnly(false)
{
}
public:
void setReadOnly(bool bReadOnly)
{
m_bReadOnly = bReadOnly;
}
bool isReadOnly () const

{
return m_bReadOnly;
MyClass, 2.2, QObject.

m bReadOnly, .
false.
MyClass isReadOnly () setReadOnly () .
Q PROPERTY. isReadOnly () ,
READ, setReadOnly ( )
,
WRITE.
:
pobj->set Property("readonly", true);
:
bool bReadOnly = pobj->property("readonly").toBool ();

. .
(callback functions),
X Window System, ,
.
, . ,
56 I. Qt
,
void. ,
, .
, . ,
, , , .
,
,
, .
Motif.
, Motif Windows API
, -
.
, , C++,
Windows. (
)
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC). -
, ,
- .
-
, (
-), , ,
MFC- . MFC
, Windows, ,
,
- .
, Microsoft Microsoft Word
MFC .
MFC
( 2.3).
, .
2.3. , MFC
class CPhotoStylerApp : public CWinApp {

public:
CPhotoStylerApp();
public:
virtual BOOL Initlnstance();
afx_msg void OnAppAbout();

afx_msg void OnFileNew));
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CPhotoStylerApp, CWinApp)
ON_COMMAND(ID_APP_ABOUT, OnAppAbout)
ONJCOMMAND(ID_FILE_NEW, OnFileNew)
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_NEW, CWinApp::OnFileNew)
2. 57
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_OPEN, CWinApp::OnFileOpen)
ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_SETUP, CWinApp::OnFilePrintSetup)
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
, 2.3,
.

, . ,

. ,
, . -
, , ,
. -,
. -, DoDataExchange {)
DDX_Text ( ) ,
. -,
, UpdateData ( ) true
false.
,
, ,

( ).
, , ,
.
C++. , C++
,
, .
, ,
.
, Qt
. ,
, Qt C++
.
C++ Qt
(Meta Object Compiler, ).
Q OBJECT
. ,
.
C++
,
. ,
,
. Q OBJECT
class .
, .
,
.

, -.
Qt,
58 I. Qt
. QObject
.
.
: , .
:
, .
:
, QObject,
;
, ,
;
.
;
,
;
;
, .
, ,
(. 38);
-
. ,
.
, :
C++,
;
, ,
;
QObject;
:
;
. ,
.
, , Windows, (. 3)
CONFIG console ( Mac OS X Linux
).

-
,
. . .
(signals) : ,
,
,
. . Qt
2. 59
, .

, . ,
, , , ,
. ,
.
, , ,
. , , ,
. ,
,
, .

, ,
, , .

. Qt
- . ,
,
.
, , .
,
.
. - ,
void.
. ,
.
, -
, .

. ,
, .
2.4.
2.4.
class MySignal {
Q_OBJECT
signals:
void dolt();
};
doit ( ) .
, :
void MySignal::doIt()
{
QMetaObject::activate(this, sstaticMetaObject, 0, 0);
60 I. Qt
, private,
protected public, .
emit. ,
, emit doit ( )
doit ( ) . , .
, 2.4 doit()
MySignal, .
, sendsignal ( ) ,
MySignal doit ( ) , 2.5.
2.5.
class MySignal {
Q_OBJECT
public:
void sendSignal()
{
emit dolt();
signals:
void dolt();
};
, .
, ,
, 2.6.
2.6.
class MySignal : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
public:
void sendSignal()
{
emit sendString("Information");
signals:
void sendString(const QStrings);
};
(slots) , . ,
.
. , public, private protected.
,
, ,
protected private. public.
: private slots:, protected
slots: public slots:. .
2. 61

,
. ,
.
, , .
: slotMethod(int = 8),
static.
.

. 2.7.
2.7.
class MySlot : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
public:
MySlot ( );
public slots:
void slot ( )
{
qDebugO "I'm a slot";
}
};
sender () ,
. QObject. ,
, :
void slot ()
{
qDebug ( ) sender ( ) ->obj ectName ( );
}

connect ( ) ,
QObject. connect ()
:
QObj ect::connect ( const QObject* sender,
const char* signal,
const QObject* receiver,
const char* slot,
Qt::Connect ionType type = Qt: Autoconnection
);
:
sender , ;
signal , . (
) SIGNAL(method ( ) );
62 I. Qt
receiver , ;
slot , .
SLOT (method ( ) ) ;
type . :
Qt: : Direct Connect ion
, Qt:: QueuedConnection (. 14)
, Qt: Autoconnection
, :
,
Qt:: DirectConnection, Qt::QueuedConnection.
(Qt: Autoconnection) connection () .
, , .
connect ( ) ,
,
, ,
connect (). :
QObj ect::connect ( const QObject* sender,
const QMetaMethods signal,
const QObject* receiver,
const QMetaMethods slot,
Qt::Connect ionType type = Qt: Autoconnection
);

, const char*.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
connect ( ).
void main ()
QObject::connect (pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod ( ) ),

pReceiver, SLOT ( slotMethod ( ))
);

connect ( ):
QObj ect::connect (pSender, &SenderClass::signalMethod,
pReceiver, &ReceiverClass::slotMethod
connect ( ) .
2. 63
, QObject, QObject::
:
MyClass::MyClass() : QObject()
{
connect(pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod()),
pReceiver, SLOT(slotMethod())
>;
, ,
connect ( ) ,
(pReceiver), -. ,
- this, :
MyClass::MyClass() : QObject()
{
connect(pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod()), SLOT(slot()));
}
void MyClass::slot()
{
qDebugf) "I'm a slot";
}
connect ( ) Connection,
, .
, , , , -
, Q ASSERT () .
Connection bool,
.
.
bool bOk = true;
bOk &= connect(pcmdl, SIGNAL(clicked()), pobjReceiver1, SLOT(slotButtonlClicked()));
bOk &= connect(pcmd2, SIGNAL(clicked()), pobjReceiver2, SLOT(slotButton2Clicked()));
Q_ASSERT(bOk);
, ,
. ,
( emit) .
. :
MyClass MyClass() : QObjectO
{
connect(pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod()), SIGNAL(mySignal()));
}
, biockSignais( )
true. ,
biockSignais () false. signalsBlockedO
.
64 I. Qt
, . 2.1,
. ( 2.8-2.10),
(. 2.1, ) , (. 2.1, )
. ADD ()
. ,
.
-

Counter 1 10 1 S3 11
0 ADD
. 2.1. -.
2.8. main.cpp
# include "Counter. h"
int main (int argc, char** argv)

{
QLabel lbl ("0") ;

QPushButton cmd ( "ADD" ) ;
Counter counter;
.
lbl show ( ) ;
.
cmd show ( ) ;
QObject: : connect (& cmd, SIGNAL (clicked () ) ,

scounter, SLOT (slot Inc () )
);
QObject: : connect (& counter, SIGNAL (counterChanged (int) ) ,

&lbl, SLOT (setNum( int) )
);
QObject: : connect (& counter, SIGNAL (goodbye ( ) ) ,

&app, SLOT (quit ( ) )
);
.
return app exec ( ) ;
}
( 2.8) lbl,
cmd counter ( 2.9-
2.10). clicked () slotincO.
slotincO, 1.
,
. counterChanged ( int ) ,
, setNum(int),
.
2. 65

, ,
. , , int,
, QString.
!
, int
. ,
. , .
, goodbye ( ) , ,
quit ( ) , ,
ADD . ,
.
2.9. Counter.h
#pragma once
#include <QObject>
// ======================================================================
class Counter : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
private:
int m_nValue;
public:
Counter();
public slots:
void slotlncO;
signals:
void goodbye ( );
void counterChanged(int);
};
2.9, :
goodbye(), , counterChanged(int),
, slotlncO,
.
2.10. counter.cpp
#include "Counter.h"
//
Counter::Counter() : QObject()
, m_nValue(0)
{
}
,,
66 I. Qt
void Counter::slotlnc()
{
emit counterChanged(++m_nValue);
if (m_nValue == 5) {
emit goodbye();
}
}
2.10 slotlnc () : counterChanged ( )

goodbye(). goodbye( ) m nvalue, 5.
, , , .
, , ,
. :
MyClass::MyClass() : QObjectO
{
connect(pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod(int)), SIGNAL(mySignal()));
}
, ,
. ,
, .

,
. Qt
,
. disconnect () ,
connect ( ) .
:
QObject::disconnect(sender, signal, receiver, slot);
,
:
void main()
{
QObject::disconnect(pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod()),
pReceiver, SLOT(slotMethod())
);
, : disconnect(signal, receiver,
slot) disconnect(receiver, slot).
2. 67

-
, QSignalMapper.
,
int, QString QWidget.
QString. , , :
Button 1 Action,

Button2 Action. , ,
, clicked ( )
.
QSignalMapper ( 2.1 1).
2.11.
MyClass::MyClass(QWidget* pwgt)
{
QSignalMapper* psigMapper = new QSignalMapper(this);

connect (psigMapper, SIGNAL(mapped(const QStringS) ),
this, SLOT(slotShowAction(const QString&) )
);
QPushButton* pcmdl = new QPushButton("Buttonl");

connect (pcmdl, SIGNAL(clicked ()), psigMapper, SLOT(map ( ) ) );
psigMapper->setMapping (pcmdl, "Buttonl Action");
QPushButton* pcmd2 = new QPushButton("Button2");

connect (pcmd2, SIGNAL(clicked ( ) ), psigMapper, SLOT(map ( ) ) ) ;
psigMapper->setMapping (pcmdl, "Button2 Action");
}
void MyClass::slotShowAction(const QString& str)
{
qDebug ( ) str;
}
2.11 QSignalMapper mapped ()

slotShowAction () , QString.
QSignalMapper (), ,
. QSignalMapper::
setMappingO ,

, clicked ( ).
, ,
,
.
68 I. Qt

.
QObject :
QObject (QObject* pobj = 0);
QObject
. -
. -.
, , , ,
,
. -
,
setParent ( ) .
. setObjectName
. ,
. ,
objectNameO, 2.12.
2.12.
QObject* pobjl = new QObject;
QObject* pobj 2 = new QObject (pobjl) ;
QObject* pobj4 = new QObject (pobj2) ;
QObject* pobj3 = new QObject (pobjl) ;
pobj2->setObjectName ("the first child of pobjl") ;
pobj3->setObjectName ("the second child of pobjl") ;
pobj4->setObjectName ("the first child of pobj2");
2.12 ( ).
pobj 2
pobjl. pobj 3 pobjl, pobj 4 pobj2.
. 2.2.
( )
- .
,
2. 69
.
, ,
new, .

, C++,
Qt
/
. Qt ,
, new.
, .
: parent ( )
children ( ) . parent ( ) -.
. 2.2, pobj2->parent () objl.
0. -
- , , 2.13 (
pobj4 2.12).
2.13.
for (QObject* pobj = pobj4; pobj; pobj = pobj->parent()) {
qDebug() pobj->objectName();
1
:
the first child of pobj2
the first child of pobjl
children!) -.
(. 2.11, . 2.2), pobjl->chiidren()
QObjectList, : pobj2 pobj3.
- findChiidt).
. ,
pobj4:
QObject* pobj = pobjl->findChild<QObject*>("the first child of pobj2");
findchildreno,
. ,
, (. 4),
, -.
. ,
th, :
QList<QObject*> plist = pobjl->findChildren<QObject*>(QRegExp("th*"));
, ,
:
QList<QObject*> plist = pobjl->findChildren<QObject*>();
pobj2, pobj3
pobj4.
70 I. Qt
dumpObjectinfoO,
, :
;
, ;
- .
stdout.
dumpObjectTreeO,
- . , dumpObjectTreeO
pobj1 2.1 1 :
QOb j ect : :
QObject::the first child of pobjl
QObject::the first child of pobj2
QObject::the second child of pobjl

, QObject ,
, ( QMetaObject).
, ( ),
.
QObject: : metaobject . , , ,
, , :
qDebugO pobj l->metaObj ect () ->className ;
, :
if (pobj l->metaObject ( ) ->className ( ) == "MyClass") {
/ / -
inherits (const
char*), QObject true,

, false. :
if (pobj->inherits ("QWidget") ) {
QWidget* pwgt = static_cast<QWidget*> (pobj ) ;
/ / - c pwgt
}
qobject_cast<T>.
, inherits ( ) :
QWidget* pwgt = qobject_cast<QWidget*> (pobj ) ;
if (pwgt) (
/ / - c pwgt
)
tr(),
. 30.
2. 71
.

,
.
,
. , ,
. , ,
, , .

signals, slots. C++
public, protected, private.
.
emit. , ,
QObject , . -
(), disconnect () ,
,
.
QObject::connect().
QObject ,
Qt. QObject :
, .
,
. QObject
new,
.
,
C++, ,
( ),
-,
.
, ,
Q OBJECT.
3
Qt
, .

Qt ,
,
Qt.

(IDE, Integrated
Development Environment),
Qt-. Microsoft Visual Studio, IBM Eclipse, QDevelop . ,
, Qt Creator (. 3.1). IDE
Qt. , ,
, ,
47.
Qt Assistant
, . ,
.
Qt Assistant, Web-. Qt Assistant
Qt.
,
-docPath. . 3.2 Qt Assistant.
QAssistantciient Qt Assistant
.
qmake

.
make- (makefile),
.
3. Qt 73
. 3.1. Qt Creator
. 3.2. Qt Assistant
74 I. Qt
make-
,
.
, . , make-
, .

, .
qmake Qt, 3.0. ,
, Qt. qmake make-
, pro
. , qmake make-
, -.
, , C++,
:
qmake -project
pro-. ,
-
. ,
, -,

. - make- ,
:
qmake file.pro - Makefile
, file.pro
pro-, a Makefile
make-.

Mac OS X qmake.
make- GNU C++:
qmake -spec macx-g++ - Makefile
XCode:
qmake -spec macx-xcode - Makefile
.
, qmake
pro- , , make-.
, C++,
, :
qmake -project
qmake
make
, -,
. 3.1
pro-,
Qt, (
Qt Assistant).
3. Qt 75
3.1.
HEADERS
SOURCES ( )
FORMS ui.
Qt Designer XML
(. 40 44)
TARGET . ,

LIBS ,

CONFIG ,
DESTDIR ,
DEFINES . ,
debuger

INCLUDEPATH , .
, ,
()
DEPENDPATH ,
SUBDIRS , -
TEMPLATE . : , lib
, subdirs
TRANSLATIONS , (. 31)
. , pro-
:
TEMPLATE =
HEADERS += filel.h \
file2.h
SOURCES += main.cpp \
filel.cpp \
file2.cpp
TARGET = file
CONFIG += qt warn_on release
. ,
TEMPLATE = ( , TEMPLATE
lib). , HEADERS,
, . SOURCES
, TARGET , CONFIG ,
. ,
:
qt , Qt- Qt;
warn on ,
;
76 I. Qt
release ,
, .

Mac OS X CONFIG ,
. , 32- lntel-

86, 64- lntel- 86_64.
, qmake ,
, .
, qmake
make- ,
.
.
,
. pro- Examples. pro
, , FTP-
- ftp://ftp.bhv.ru/9785977533461.zip.
:
TEMPLATE = subdirs
SUBDIRS = Examplel Example2 .... ExampleN

clean,
, make-,
distclean. : make distclean.
!
FTP-
- ftp://ftp.bhv.ru/9785977533461.zip
www.bhv.ru (. 4).
Qt
.
h,
. ,
iifndef.
, ,
.
#ifndef _MyClass_h_
tdefine _MyClass_h_
class MyClass {
};
#endif //_MyClass_h_
,
:
3. Qt 17
#pragma once
class MyClass {
};
, , .
, ,
,
#include.
Q OBJECT , ,
, , .
, -
qobject_cast<T>(obj).
Q_OBJECT
public:
MyClass();
,
. main.cpp.
, ,
, .
.
,
, ,
Qt , .

(, Meta Object Compiler), ,
, , ,
, , C++.
- ,
. - ,
C++. :
moc_<filename>.cpp.
!
moc- #inciude
"main.moc" . , :
#include <QtGui>
{
return app.exec();
}
#include "main.moc
78 I. Qt
,
.
, main.cpp.
, ,
. moc-
:
- proc.moc proc.h
proc.moc.
, QObject, ,
QMetaObject.
, - , .
RCC
,
, . .
, -
. , , ,
.
,
.
, .
()
qrc (Qt Resource Collection,
Qt). XML. :
< ! DOCTYPE RCCXRCC version="1. 0">
<qresource>
<file>images/open.png</file>
<file>images/quit .png</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>
( )
open. png quit. png C++,
,
. C++ .
, ,

. qrc- pro- RESOURCES,
qmake . :
RESOURCES = images . qrc
open. png, ,
, :
plbl->setPixmap (QPixmap ( " : /images/open. png" ) ) ;
3. Qt 79
images
. ,
. ,
.
, xml-
<file> alias, :
<!DOCTYPE RCCXRCC version="1.0">
<qresource>
<file alias="open.png">. ./very/long/path/images/open.png</file>
<file alias="quit ,png">. /very/long/path/images/quit.png</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>

:
plbl->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/open.png"));
:
plbl->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/very/long/path/images/open.png"));
,
.
Qt-
Qt- .
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C++
pro. qmake make-. make-
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make- C++
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C++, . ++-
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.
, .
, , :
(code review);
, 45.
, , , ,
, ,
, . -
80 I. Qt
file.exe
. 3.3.
,
, ,
, . Qt

, GDB , Microsoft Visual Studio.
,
,

, .
GDB, Windows, Linux, Mac OS X.
GDB (GNU Debugger)

GDB UNIX.
,
,
, : XXGDB, DDD KDBG. ,
IDE,
.
IDE, GDB .
, ,
( 3.1).
3. Qt 81
3.1.
void bug()
{
int n = 3;
int* pn = &n;
// !
delete pn;
}
int main()
{
bug();
return 0;
3.1 main() bug(),

,
delete , .
,
.
-,
, :
g++ - bug.cpp - bug

Qt pro-
. . pro- Qt,
,
pro- CONFIG debug debug_and_release.
, ,
:
gdb bug.exe

, GDB core-,
.
, ,
core-. , Windows
, GDB,
(Windows Linux).
:
(gdb)
, .
run:
(gdb) run
82 I. Qt
,
. , .
where:
(gdb) where
:
#0 0x77f767ce in _libmsvcrt_a_iname ()
#6 0x00401305 in operator delete(void*) ()

#7 0x004012ae in bug() () at bug.cpp:5
#8 0x004012df in main () at bug.cpp:10
, main( ) bug( ) ,
.
up
. , bug ( ) :
(gdb) up 1
:
#7 0004012 in bug() () at bug.cpp:5
5 delete pn;
- ,
print. :
(gdb) print n
:
$1-3
(break points)
break. bug ( ) :
(gdb) break bug
(gdb) run
:
Breakpoint 1, bug() () at bug.cpp:3
3 int n =3;
, next.
:
(gdb) next
4 int* pn = &n;
, .
, ,
step. ,
main () step bug(). . 3.2
.
3. Qt 83
3.2. GDB
quit
help . -
,
run
attach
detach
break .
.
, . ,
< >:< > < >:< >
tbreak break ,

clear .
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delete
disable
enable
continue .

next .

step .
. next,

until

, .
,
-. Qt
QObject: :dumpObjectinfo(),
.
Qt ,
.
QtGlobal : Q ASSERTO
Q_CHECK_PTR ( ) :
Q ASSERT ( )
, true;
84 I. Qt
,
Q CHECK PTR ( )
0, , ,
.
Qt qDebugO, qWarningO qFatal(),
QtGlobal. print f ().
printf ( ) ,
. Microsoft Visual Studio ,
Linux .

qFatalO
.
,
.
qlnstallMessageHandler ( ) .
, :
void fct (QtMsgType type, const QMessageLogContexts context, const QStrings msg)
fct .
, QtMsgType: QtDebugMsg, QtWarningMsg
Qt FatalMsg. ,
. ( 3.2).
3.2.
void messageToFile (QtMsgType type,

const QMessageLogContexts context,
const QStrings msg
.
QFile file ( "protocol log" ) ;
if ( ! file. open (QIODevice: :WriteOnly | QIODevice: :Text I QIODevice ::Append) )
return;
QTextStream out (sfile) ;

switch (type) {
case QtDebugMsg:
out "Debug: " msg ", context. file endl;
break;
case QtWarningMsg:
out "Warning: " msg ", " context. file endl;
break;
case QtCriticalMsg:
out "Critical: " msg ", " context. file endl;
break;
case QtFatalMsg:
out "Fatal: " msg ", " context. file endl;
abort ( ) ;
3. Qt 85

{
qlnstallMessageHandler(messageToFile);
qDebugO, qwarningO qFatal ( )

protocol.log, .
, .
protocol.log
.
.
, QObject::objectName ( ) .
QObject::
dumpobjectinfo ( ) , .

QCoreApplication ,
(. 15).
Qt QDebug.
C++ cout. ,
qDebugO
:
qDebugO "Test";
QDebug,
QtDebugMsg. , , :
QDebug(QtDebugMsg) "Test";
, , ,
.
, qDebugO
.
, ,
dummyOutput( )
qlnstallMessageHandler ( ) , 3.3.
3.3. , qDebugO, cJWaming () qFatal ()
void dummyOutput(QtMsgType, const QMessageLogContexts, const QStrings)

{
}

{
#ifndef QT_DEBUG
qlnstallMessageHandler(dummyOutput);
#endif
)
86 I. Qt
qDebugO :
qDebugO "Testl" 123 "Test2" 456;
, , ,
qDebug ( ) , qwarning ( ) qFatal ( ) ,
, .
Qt
Qt QtGlobal ,
.
qMax(a, ) qMin ( , )
:
int n = qMax<int> (3, 5); // = 5

int n = qMin<int>(3, 5); // = 3
qAbs () :
int n = qAbs (-5); // = 5
qRound ( ) :
int n = qRound (5. 2); // = 5
int n = qRound (-5 . 2) ; // = -5
qBound ( ) , :
int n = qBound (2, 12, 7); // =7
. ,
.
qFuzzyCompare ( ) .
double float true,
, false.
,
.
, , .
. ,
, 1,0. :
double dValuel = 0.0;
double dValue2 = myFunction ( ) ;
if (qFuzzyCompare (1 + dValuel, 1 + dValue2) ) {
//
}

,
45.
. 3.3 Qt, .
3. Qt 87
3.3. Qt
Qt C++
qint8 signed char 8
quint8 unsigned char 8
qint16 short 16
quintl6 unsigned short 16
qint32 Int 32
quint32 unsigned int 32
qint64 int64 long long 64
quint64 unsigned int64 unsigned long long 64
qlonglong To , qint64 64
qulonglong , quint64 64
. 3.3, qint64 quint64.

,
:
qDebug() "Number of bits for qint64 =" (sizeof(qint64) * 8);
qDebug() "Minimum of qint64 = -" ~(~quint64(0) 1);
qDebug() "Maximum of qint64 =" (~quint64(0) 1);
qDebug() "Number of bits for quint64 =" (sizeof(quint64) * 8)
qDebug() "Minimum of quint64 =" 0;
qDebug() "Maximum of quint64 =" -quint64(0);
:
Number of bits for qint64 = 64
Minimum of qint64 = -9223372036854775808
Maximum of qint64 = 9223372036854775807
Number of bits for quint64 = 64
Minimum of quint64 = 0
Maximum of quint64 = 18446744073709551615
Qt
,
. , ,
Qt (plug-ins),
Qt, . . QLibraryinfo
.
( 3.4).
88 I. Qt
3.4. QTiibrarylnfo
#include <QtCore>
i
1
qDebug() "Build date:"
QLibrarylnfo::buildDate().toStringC'yyyy-MM-dd");
qDebug() "License Products:
QLibrarylnfo::licensedProducts();
qDebug() "Licensee:"
QLibrarylnfo::licensee();
qDebug() "Is Debug Build:"
QLibrarylnfo::isDebugBuild();
qDebug() "Locations";
qDebug() " Headers:"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::HeadersPath);
qDebug() " Libraries: M
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::LibrariesPath);
qDebug() " Binaries:"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::BinariesPath);
qDebug() " Prefix"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::PrefixPath);
qDebug() " Documentation: "
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::DocumentationPath)
qDebug() " Plugins:"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::PluginsPath);
qDebug() " Data:"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::Datapath);
qDebug() " Settings:"
QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::SettingsPath);
qDebug() " Examples:"

QLibrarylnfo::location(QLibrarylnfo::ExamplesPath);
Qt 5.3.1,
Windows:
Build date: "2014-05-20"
Build key: "Windows mingw debug full-config"
License Products: "OpenSource"
Licensee: "Open Source"
Is Debug Build: false
Locations
Headers: "C:/Qt/5.3.1/include"
Libraries: "C:/Qt/5.3.1/lib"
Binaries: "C:/Qt/5.3.1/bin"
Prefix "C:\Qt\5.3.1"
3. Qt 89
Documentation: ":/Qt/5.3.1/doc"
Plugins: "C:/Qt/5.3.1/plugins"
Data: "C:/Qt/5.3.I
Settings: "C:/Qt/5.3.1"
Examples: "C:/Qt/5.3.1/examples"
, Qt

.
qmake,
make- . ,
,
Qt.
Qt-, , ,
GDB.
4
, ?
,

.
,
.
,
.
.
Qt , Tulip
Qt, Qt.
STL (Standard Template Library,
), . ,
: Tulip STL.
, Tulip Qt .
Tulip ,
Qt .
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
. Tulip ,
, .
Tulip Qtcore. Tulip (
STL) :
();
;
.
. 4.1.
4. 91
. 4.1. ,

,
. Qt ,
, .
, .
, , ,
.
,
.
. Qt
: (sequence containers)
(associative containters).
,
. .
: (vector), (list), (stack)
(queue). , Qt :
QVector<T> ;
QList<T> ;
QLinkedList<T> ;
QStack<T> ;
QQueue<T> .
,
,
. : (set),
() (hash). :
QSet<T> ;
QMap<K,> ;
QMultiMap<K,> ;
QHash<K,> ;
QMultiHash<K,> .
, . 4.1.
, , QSet<T>.
92 I. Qt
4.1. ,
== != ,
[] .
QSet<T> QLinkedList<T>,
begin ( ) constBegin() , ,
. QSet<T>

end ( ) constEnd() , ,

clear ( )
insert( )
remove ( )
size ( ) count( )
, ,
STL
value ( ) . QSet<T>

empty () isEmptyO true,

. ,
, STL

, , oobject,
,
private. , ,
, QObject,
.
!
, ,
empty (), size . : empty
, a size
,
.
.
.
, , - ,
, , ,
. , ,
.
4. 93
Qt :
Java;
STL.

foreach.
Java
Java .
, STL.
, ,
. ,
, next ( ) (. . 4.2)
. Java
, .
, STL:
QList<QString> list;
list "Within Temptation" "Anubis" "Mantus";
QListIterator<QString> it (list) ;
while (it .hasNext () ) {
.
qDebug ( ) "Element : " it next ( ) ;
}
. 4.2 QListiterator,
QLinkedListlterator, QVectorlterator, QHashlterator, QMapIterator QSetlterator.
, ,
.
4.2. QListiterator, QLinkedListlterator, QVectorlterator,

QHashlterator, QMapIterator, QSetlterator

toFront ( )
toBack ( )
hasNext ( ) true,
next ( )

peekNext ( )

hasPrevious ( ) true,

previous ( )

peekPrevious ( )

findNext (const T&)
findPrevious (consts T)
94 I. Qt
,
(mutable) .
, Mutable: QMutableListiterator,
QMutableHashlterator, QMutableLinkedListlterator, QMutableMapIterator QmutableVector-
iterator. remove ( ) , insert ( )
. setvalue ( )
.
" " "Rolling stones":
list "Beatles" "ABBA" " M";
QMutableListIterator<QString> it (list) ;
while (it .hasNext () ) {
if ( it.next () == " M") {
.
it setvalue ( "Rolling Stones" ) ;
}
qDebugO it .peekPrevious ( ) ;
}
Java , ,
, ,
STL, .
STL
STL Java-
STL. , C++
. STL
, .
begin ( ) ,
, end ( ) , .
: , ,
, . ,
,
(. 4.2).
beginQ end()
. 4.2. begin ( ) , end ( )
++
. , ,
*. :
QVector<QString> vec;
vec "In Extremo" "Blackmore's Night" "Cultus Ferox";
QVector<QString>::iterator it = vec.begin));
4. 95
for (; it != vec.endO; ++it) {

qDebugO "Element:" *it;
}
:
Element: "In Extremo"
Element: "Blackmore's Night"
Element: "Cultus Ferox"
, it
: ++it,
, , .

, ++.
:
QVector<QString>::iterator it = vec.endO;
for (;it != vec.begin();) {
it;
}
:
Element: "Cultus Ferox"
Element: "Blackmore's Night"
Element: "In Extremo"
, ,
const iterator.
begin () end constBeginO constEndt).
, :
QVector<QString>::const_iterator it = vec.constBegin();
for (; it != vec.constEnd(); ++it) {
}
,
STL, algorithm. ,
STL- sort ( ) :
std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
qDebugO vec;
:
QVector("Blackmore's Night", "Cultus Ferox", "In Extremo")
Qt , .
96 I. Qt
foreach
, C++ , ,
, ,
.
. :
list "Subway to sally" "Rairmstein" "After Forever";
foreach (QString str, list) {
qDebugO "Element:" str;
}
foreach, , break, continue,

.
!
Qt foreach,
, .

,
. ,
, . 4.3.
4.3.
+= ( , )

at ()
back ( ) last ( ) .
, . back() last()
, ,
STL
contains ( ) ,

erase ( ) , ,

front ( ) first ( ) .
, . front ()
first () ,
, STL
indexOf ( )
.
: QLinkedList
4. 97
4.3 ()
lastlndexOf()

. : QLinkedList
mid() , ,

pop_back()
pop_front()
push_back() append() .
, ,
STL
push_front ( ) prepend() .
, ,
STL
replace() , ,
,
:
vec.append("In Extremo");
vec.append("Blackmore's Night");
vec.append("Cultus Ferox");
qDebugO vec;
:
QVector("In Extremo", "Blackmore's Night", "Cultus Ferox")
QVector<T>
, (. 4.3).

,
. , ,
, .
!
push_front(), prependo, pop_front() remove ,

.
, insert .
, ,
-
, QLinkedList<T>.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
. 4.3.
98 I. Qt
(. . 4.3)
push back( ) .
[] (. . 4.1), . :
QVector<int> vec;
vec.push_back(10);
vec.push_back(20);
vec.push_back(30);
qDebugO vec;
:
QVector(10, 20, 30)
.
0, .
, resize ()
(. 4.4).
4.4. QVector<T>
data() ( )
fill()
reserve()

resize()
toList() QList ,
toStdVector() std::vector ,
QByteArray
QVector<T>, ,
, , .
QByteArray ,
. ,
[ ] :
QByteArray arr(3);
arr[0] = arr[l] = OxFF;
arr[2] = 0x0;
QByteArray
. : qCompressO
qUncompress(). :
QByteArray = "Test Data";
QByteArray aCompressed = qCompress(a);
qDebug() qUncompress(aCompressed);
: "Test Data".
4. 99
, . ,
XML- (. 40). QByteArray
: toBase64 () fromBase64 ( ) .
, Base64.
.
, ,
:
QByteArray = "Test Data";
QByteArray aBase64 = a.toBase64();
qDebug() aBase64;
: "VGVzdCBEYXRh".
fromBase64():
qDebug() QByteArray::fromBase64(aBase64);
: "Test Data".
,
Base64 .
QBitArray
( ) .
, .
QByteArray.
bool.
: testBit ( )
setBit ( ) . [ ] ,
:
QBitArray bits(3);
bits[0] = bits[l] = true;
bits[2] = false;
QList<T> QLinkedList<T>
,
.
, ,

, .
,
.
!

size , ,
. , ,
, empty isEmptyO.
QList<T>.
(. 4.4).
100 I. Qt

1 2 -1
. 4.4.
. 4.5.
4.5. QList<T>
move()
removeFirst()
removeLast()
swap()
takeAt()
takeFirst()
takeLast()
toSet() QSet<T> ,
QList<T>
toStdList() STL std::list<T> ,
QList<T>
toVector() QVector<T> ,
QList<T>
, , ,
[].
at( ) , .

. :
QList<int> list;
list 10 20 30;
QValueList<int>::iterator it = list.begin();
while (it != list.endO) {
++it;
}
:
Element:10
Element:20
Element:30
4. 101
QList<T> ,
/ ,
QLinkedList<T>.
, QList<T>, (. 4.5),
,
.

: [ ] at().
. 4.5.
QStack<T>
, LIFO (Last In First Out,
), . . ,
(. 4.6).
QStack<T> .
QVector<T>.
(pushing),
(poping).
1,
1 . QStack<T> push()
pop ( ) . top ( ) .
.
QStack<QString> stk;
stk.push("Era");
stk.push("Corvus Corax");
stk.push("Gathering");
while (!stk.empty()) {
qDebugO "Element:" stk.popO;
}
:
. 4.6.
Element:"Gathering"
Element:"Corvus Corax"
Element:"Era"
QQueue<T>
, FIFO (First In First Out,
),
, , (. 4.7).
QQueue<T>, QList<T>.
102 I. Qt

:
QQueue<QString> que;
que.enqueue("Era");
que.enqueue("Corvus Corax");
que.enqueue("Gathering");
while (!que.empty()) {
qDebug() "Element:" que.dequeue();

}
. 4.7.
:
Element:"Era"
Element:"Corvus Corax"
Element:"Gathering"

. , .
( QSet<T>)
, . 4.6.
4.6.
contains() true,
. false
erase()
find() .
, ,
end()
insertMulti() .
, .
QSet<T>
insert() .
, .
QSet<T>
key()
. QSet<T>
keys() , .
QSet<T>
take()
. QSet<T>
unite()
values() ,
4. 103
QMap<K,T> QMultiMap<K,T>
, , ,
. ,
. ,
, .
(. 4.8), , (. 4.9).
. 4.8. . 4.9.
,
. QMap<K,>
,
, . ,
, > .
QMap<K,T> .
, , ,
, .
, ,
.
, (. 2),
. 4.7
QMap<K,>.
4.7. QMap<K, >
lowerBound() ,
toStdMap() STL ,
QMap<T>
upperBound() ,

[ ] . ,
key ( ) value ( ) , :
104 I. Qt
QMap<QString, QString> mapPhonebook;

mapPhonebook["Piggy"] = "+49 631322187";
mapPhonebook["Kermit"] = "+49 631322181";
mapPhonebook["Gonzo"] = "+49 631322186";
QMap<QString, QString>::iterator it = mapPhonebook.begin();
for (;it != mapPhonebook.end(); ++it) {
qDebug() "Name:" it.key()
" Phone:" it.valued;
:
Name:Gonzo Phone:+49 631322186
Name:Kermit Phone:+49 631322181
Name:Piggy Phone:+49 631322187
[],
, . ,
, , ,
. , ,
.
contains ( ) . :
if(mapPhonebook.contains( "Kermit")) {
qDebug() "Phone:" mapPhonebook["Kermit"];
}
,
, , , .
<, > ,
QMuitiMap<K, >. . 4.9,
Piggy:
QMultiMap<QString, QString> mapPhonebook;
mapPhonebook.insert("Kermit", "+49 631322181");
mapPhonebook.insert("Gonzo", "+49 631322186");
mapPhonebook.insert("Piggy", "+49 631322187");
mapPhonebook.insert("Piggy", "+49 631322999");
QMultiMap<QString, QString>::iterator it =
mapPhonebook.find("Piggy");
for (; it != mapPhonebook.end() && it.keyd == "Piggy"; ++it) {
qDebug() it.value() ;
}
QHash<K,T> QMultiHash<K,T>
<,>,
, -.
,
, >.
4. 105
, QMap<K,T>,
[ ] , ,
, , .
, contains( ) .
QHashcK,> ,
==
qHash ( ) . :
inline bool operator==(const MyClasss mcl, const MyClass& mc2)
{
return (mcl.firstName() == mc2.firstName()
&& mcl.secondName() == mc2.secondName()
);
}
qHash ( ) ,
. :
inline uint qHash(const MyClasss me)
{
return qHash(me.firstName()) A
qHash(me.secondName());
}
QMultiHash<K,T> QHash<K,>.
, , QMultiMapcK,>,
. , ,
. 4.8.
4.8. QHash<K, > QMultiHash<K, >

capacity ( ) -
reserve ( ) -
squeeze ( ) -

QSet<T>
, ,
. , Tulip, ,
QSet<T>,
,
, : , .
.
QSet<T> - QHashcK,>,
, .
. QSet<T>
.
. 4.10, , .
, , . 4.1 1.
106 I. Qt
1 2
. 4.10.

. 4.11.
. 4.10.
QSet<QString> setl;
QSet<QString> set2;
setl "Therion" "Nightwish" "Xandria";
set2 "Mantus" "Hagard" "Therion";
(. . 4.11, ) , ,
,
setResult:
QSet<QString> setResult = setl;
setResult.unite(set2);
qDebugO " = " setResult.toList();
:
= ("Xandria", "Hagard", "Mantus", "Nightwish", "Therion")
(. . 4.1 1, ).
setResult = setl;
setResult.intersect(set2);
qDebugO " setl c set2 = " setResult.toList();
,
:
setl set2 = ("Therion")
, ,
(. . 4.1 1, ):
setResult = setl;
setResult.subtract(set2);
qDebugO " setl c set2 = " setResult.toList();
setl set2 ,
:
setl set2 = ("Xandria", "Nightwish")
4. 107
. 4.9 QSet<T>.
4.9. QSet<T>
intersect() ,
reserve() -
squeeze() -

subtract() ,
toList() QList<T>,
QSet<T>
unite()
QtAlgorithms ,
, : , ,
. . ,
, ,
Tulip, . ,
qCopy():
QString values[] = {"Xandria", "Therion", "Nightwish", "Haggard"};
const int n = sizeof(values) / sizeof(QString);
QString copyOfValues[n];
qCopy(values, values + n, copyOfValues);
, ,
. ,
, -.
. 4.10 Tulip. Qt
, ,
STL.
4.10.
qBinaryFind()
qCopy() ,
qCopyBackward() ,
qCount()
qDeleteAll() . ,

108 I. Qt
4.10 ()
qEqual() . ,
==
qFill()
qFind()
qLowerBound() ,

qUpperBound() ,
qSort()
qStableSort()

qSwap()
- qSort () (. . 4.10).
, ,
. , QString
. QString:
qSort(list);
qDebugO "Sorted list=" list;
:
Sorted list=("Anubis", "Mantus", "Within Temptation")
, :
qSort(list.begin(), list.endO, caseLessThan);

.
caseinsensitiveLessThan.

QGreater<T>, :
QList<int> list;
list 1 2 3 4 5 6;
qSort(list.begin(), list.endO, qGreater<int>());
qDebugO "Sorted list=" list;
:
Sorted list=(6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
4. 109
- qFindO (. . 4.10).
, end ( ) ,
.
QList<QString>::iterator it =
qFind(list.begin(), list.endO, "Anubis");
if (it != list.endO) {
qDebugO "Found=" *it;
else {
qDebug() "Not Found";
}
:
Found=Anubis
.
- qEqual() (. . 4.10).
,
.
QVector<QString> vec(3);
vec[0] = "Within Temptation";
vec[l] = "Anubis";
vec[2] = "Mantus";
qDebugO "Equal="
qEqual(list.begin(), list.endO, vec.begin());
:
Equal=true
- , Mantus
Mantux, qEqual ( ) false.

-
. qFilio (. . 4.10).
Beatles:
110 I. Qt
qFill (list .begin () , list.endO, "Beatles");

qDebugO list;
:
("Beatles", "Beatles", "Beatles")
. Qt
QString, , Unicode,
. QVector,
,
QChar, : .
QString ,
, : ,
, .
==, ! =, <, >, <=
>=. , :
QString str = "Lo";
bool M = (str == "Lo"); // bl = true
bool b2 = (str ! = "LO"); // b2 = true
isEmpty ( ) , .
, length (). QString

, ,
, . :
QString strl =
QString str2;
strl . isNull ( ) ; // false
.
str2 isNull ( ) ; // true
.
: , += +
append ( ) . :
QString strl = "Lo";
QString str2 = "stris";
QString str3 = strl + str2; // str3 = "Lostris"
strl .append (str2) ; //strl = "Lostris"
QString
replace ( ) . :
QString str = "Lostris";

str . replace ( "stris" , "gic"); // str = "Logic"

toLower ( ) toupper ( ) . :
QString strl = "LoStRiS";

QString str2 = strl .toLower () ; // str2 = "lostris"
QString str3 = strl .toUpper () ; // str3 = "LOSTRIS"
4. 111
setNumO .
number( ) . :
QString str = QString: inumber(35.123);
Qt.
:
QString str;
QTextStream(&str) 35.123;
,
.
,
. :
bool ok;
QString str = "234";
double d = str.toDouble(&ok);
int n = str.tolnt(&ok);
split ()
QStringList. : Ringo star:
QString str = "Ringo Star";
QStringList list = str.split(" ");

join () . , (Ringo star) ,
, :
str = list.join(" ");

Qt QRegExp.
. ,
.
. ,
, QString,
. 4. 11 ,
QRegExp.
4.11.
.
$ $
[] [abc]
- [] [0-9A-Za-z]

, [Adef]

A*b
112 I. Qt
4.11 ()
+ 1 +
1 ?

{} {3}
{, } {3, }
{, } {,3}
{n,m} m {2,3}
1 |
\ \
\ a\Bd
( ) (ab | ) ad
\d
\D ,
\s
\S ,
\w ,
\W ,
\A
\b
\B
\z (
)
\z ( )
,
. [ab] . ,
, [A-Z] ,
[a-z] , [0-9] .
, [a-z7]
7.
, . [0-9]
, .
. 4.11 .
, .
, { 4 , 5 } , ,
. ,
IP- , , ,
IP-:
4. 113
QRegExp reg("[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}");
QString strC'this is an ip-address 123.222.63.1 lets check it");
qDebugO (str.contains(reg) > 0); // true
,
(\), C++
. ,
. 4.11 , ,
, Iz2y3x4, IP-, , , .
|,
. ,
. :
QRegExp ("(.com|.ru)");
int nl = .indexln("www.bhv.ru"); // nl = 7 ( 7- )
int 2 = rxp.indexInCwww.bhv.de"); // n2 = -1 ( )
. 4.11 ( )
. , [a-zA-zo-9_]
\w.
(E-mail)
, regEmail:
QRegExp regEmail("([a-zA-Z0-9_\\-\\.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9_.-])+\\.([a-zA-Z]{2,4} I
[0-9]{1,3}));
QString strEmaill = "Max.Schlee@neonway.com";
QString strEmail2 = "Max.Schlee#neonway.com";
QString strEmail3 = "Max.Schlee@neonway";
bool bl = regEmail.exactMatch(strEmaill); // = true
bool b2 = regEmail.exactMatch(strEmail2); //b2 = false
bool b3 = regEmail.exactMatch(strEmail3); //b3 = false
QVariant
QVariant , .
: int, unsigned int, double, bool, QString, QStringList, Qlmage,
QPixmap, QBrush, QColor, QRegExp . ,

,
. QVariant
.
QVariant
. :
QVariant vl(34);
QVariant v2(true);
QVariant v2("Lostris");
type () QVariant .
. ,
typeToName ( ) .
typeName ( ) , :
114 I. Qt
QVariant v(5.0);
qDebugO QVariant: itypeToName(v.type()); // =>double
QVariant ,
toT ( ) , . toT ( )
QVariant . :
QVariant v2(23);
int = v2.toInt() +5; // = 28

, QVariant Qtcore, toT ( )
QCoior, Qimage QPixmap . , QtGui, .
toT ( )
value<T>(). QVariant
:
QVariant v2(23);
int = v2.value<int>() + 5; //a = 28
QPixmap
QPixmap pix(":/myimg.png"); // QPixmap
QVariant vPix = pix; // QVariant,
QPixmap::operator QVariant()
QPixmap pix2 = vPix.value<QPixmap>(); // QPixmap QVariant

Qt
(. 4.12).
(shared data). Qt
.
,
1. , 1.
0, .
,
.
. 4.12 ,
, shared_null ( ).
, .
,
, .
,
, , ,
, .
,
0,
.
. 4.12 :
QString strl; // shared_null
QString str2; // shared_null
4. 115
strl = " " // , = 1

str2 = strl; // strl str2
// = 2
strl += " "; // strl
shared null
. 4.12.
, ,
.
, .
.
, , , : , .
. Qt
Java STL.
foreach.
,
, .
QString
.

.
QVariant , .

.
.

5.
6.
7.
8. ,
9.
10
11
12 , -
13
5

?
, ?

(GUI, Graphical
User Interface). (widgets)
.
, , ,
, ,
. Qt :
,
. , ,
.
, . 5.1, .
. , ,
: QMenu (. 31), QGLWidget (. 23), QMainWindow (. 34),
QGraphicsView (. 21).
QWidget
QWidget .
254 , 53 , ,
, , , .
QWidget, . 5.1, QObject, ,
/ .
, . ,
, Qt
.
, . ,
Ok Cancel () ,
. , -
, - .
(top-level widgets)
.
. - -
setGeometry ( ) ,
1
20
QObject QPaintDevice
-

QWidget
J
QDialog | QFrame QAbstractSpinBox QKey Sr:penceEdit |
QPageSetup Dialog QAbstractSc rollArea QDateTimeEdit QLineEdit
QA bstracIPrintDia log QAbstactl tern View QDateEdit QMacCocoaViewContainer
QPrintDialog QHeaderView QTimeEdit QMac Native Widget
QCoiorDialog QListView QDouble SpinBox QMainWindow
QErrorMessage QListWidget | QSpinBox | QMdi SubWindow
QFileDialoq QUndoView I QComboBox

QMenu
QFontDialog QTableView
-
C= QMenuBar
QFontComboBox
QinputDialog QTableWidget QPrintPreviewWidget
QAxWidget
QMessageBox QTreeView QProgressBar
-

QPageSet upDialog QTree Widget QColumn ViewGrip QRubberBand
QProgressDialog QCol umnView QDesignerActionEditorlnterface QSizeGrip
QWizard QGraphicsView QDesignerForm Windowlnterlace QSplashScreen I
QMdiArea QDesiynerObjectl ns pector Interface QSplitterHandJe
QPIainTextEdit QDesignerPropertyEditorlnterface QStatusBar

QAbstractButton

QScrollArea QDesignerWidgetBoxinterface QSvgWidget
QCheckBox
QTextEdil QDesktopWidget QTabBar
QPushButton
I_
QTextBrowser QDialogButtonBox QTabWidget
QRadioButton
II.

QDockWidget QToolBar
QToolButton QLCDNumber |
QFocusFrame QWizard Page
QJ_abel I
QAbstractSlider
QGLWidget

QSplitter I
QDial
QGroupBox
QStackedWidget I
QScrollBar
QToolBox
QSlider
. 5.1.
5. ? 121
(layouts) (. 6). show(),

hide ( ) .

, , ,
show() , , - .
Qwidget
:
QWidget (QWidget* pwgt = 0, Qt : :WindowFlags f = 0)
, ,
. , ,
. Qt: :WindowFiags
,
( . .).
,
, (. 5.2) ,
|.
setWindowFlags ( ) . :
.
wgt setWindowFlags (Qt : :Window I Qt : :WindowTitleHint I
Qt: :WindowStaysOnTopHint) ;
. 5.2 .

_ Title
QtcWmdow Qt;(Window
i Qt :Window SystemMonoHri I QtcWrkdowMajdnrBzeButtonl-fcnt
Trite _ Title -===

Qt::Window Qt "Window
lQt::WndowTtleHrt i Qt::WmdowMrwnize8uttonhlnt
!Title
Qt:Window
l Gl::FfBmetessWndowHnt Qt:(Window
II Qt; WndowContodHdpButtonHnt
. 5.2.
122 II.

Qt : :WindowStaysOnTopHint , ,
.
- setwindowTitle ( ) .
. :
wgt . setwindowTitle ( " Window" ) ;
setEnabled ( ) (enabled) (disabled)

. true , a false
.
, , isEnabledO .
,
(. 14). ,
: mousePressEvent ( ) , mouseMoveEvent ( ) ,
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) mouseDoubleClickEvent ( ) .

(. 5.3).
, .
size ( ) , height ( ) width ( ) . , height ( )
width ( ) , ,
size ( ) QSize (. 17), .
width ()
. 5.3. ( )
( ) , ( ) pos ( ) .
X Y, pos ( ) QPoint
(. 17), .
geometry () QRect (. 17),
.
move(), resize ().
:
pwgt ->move ( 5, 5 ) ;
pwgt->resize (260, 330);
, ,
setGeometry ( ) .
5. ? 123
X , Y, , .
, move()
resize():
pwgt->setGeometry(5, 5, 260, 330);

(Backing Store)
,

(PaintEvent). , .
,
,
, .
.

, .

(. 13), setPaletteO
.
autoFillBackground, false.
, , .
true,
, . :
wgt.setAutoFillBackground(true);
5.1 wgt,
( pwgti pwgt2) .
5.1. main.cpp
#include <QtWidgets>
{
QWidget wgt;
QWidget* pwgti = new QWidget(&wgt);

QPalette pall;
pall.setColor(pwgtl->backgroundRole(), Qt::blue);
pwgtl->setPalette(pall);
pwgtl->resize(100, 100);
pwgtl->move(25, 25);
pwgtl->setAutoFillBackground(true);
QWidget* pwgt2 = new QWidget(&wgt);

QPalette pa!2;
124 II.
12.setBrush(pwgt2->backgroundRole(), QBrush(QPixmap(":/stone.jpg")));
pwgt2->setPalette(pal2);
pwgt2->resize(100, 100);
pwgt2->move(75, 75);
pwgt2->setAutoFillBackground(true);
wgt.resize(200, 200);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
)
setPaiette ( ) ,
(). ( resize )
- ( move ( ) )
setAutioFillBackround ( ) autoFillBackground true,
.
- ( pwgt2)
, .
,
stone.jpg
12.
,
(. 5.4).
. 5.4.

() QCursor QCursor.
,
. ,
. , , ,
, ,
.
setcursorf),
. 5.1 .
5.1. CursorShape Qt
,
ArrowCursor . ,

5. ? 125
5.1 ()
, .
UpArrowCursor
T

CrossCursor
+ . ,

WaitCursor
I ,

l- (I-beam cursor),
IbeamCursor I .
,
PointingHandCursor
,

, -
,
ForbiddenCursor
0 ,

WhatsThisCursor ,
-
,
SizeVerCursor
i
,
SizeHorCursor 4

SizeBDiagCursor ,

,
SizeFDiagCursor \

,
SizeAllCursor

,
SplitVCursor JL
T . 6
,
SplitHCursor Hh
. 6
OpenHandCursor
a ,

,
ClosedHandCursor n
,
BlankCursor

QGuiApplication::setOverrideCursor ( )
. , ,
, ,
.
126 II.
,
QGuiApplication: : setOverrideCursor (Qt : :WaitCursor) .
,
QGuiApplication:: restoreOverrideCursor ( )
.
QCursor pos ( ) ,
. set Pos ( )
.
,
QBitmap. ,
. ,
coiorl, , ,
colorO
.
QPixmap.
( 5.2), . 5.5, .
. 5.5.
5.2.

{
QApplication app(argc, argv) ;
QWidget wgt;
QPixmap pix ( " : /clock . png" ) ;
QCursor cur (pix);
.
wgt setCursor (cur) ;
.
wgt resize (180, 100);
.
wgt show ( ) ;

}
5.2 wgt,
pix,
png-,
(
QPixmap 19). -
5. ? 127
QCursor setCursor ( )
.

QStackedwidget QFrame ,
.
addwidget ( ) .
.
removewidget(),
.
setCurrentwidget ( )
setCurrentindexO, .
indexOf ( ) , .
QFrame QWidget
. (. . 5.1).
, setFrameStyle ( ),
.
| ().
(. 5.2): QFrame:: Raised, QFrame::Plain QFrame::Sunken.
.
5.2.
128 II.

(. . 5.2): QFrame::Box, QFrame::Panel, QFrame::WinPanel, QFrame::HLine QFrame::
VLine. , , setFrameStyle()
QFrame::NoFrame.
setContentsMargin ( ) QWidget
, setbinewidth( ) setMidLineWidth ( )
.
QFrame pfrm = new QFrame;
pfrm->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Box | QFrame::Sunken);
pfrm->setLineWidth(3);
, setFrameStyle ()

, setbinewidth() .

QAbstractScrollArea QFrame
.
QScrollArea.
,
, /
. .
, ,
Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOn. :
QScrollArea sa;
sa.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOn);
sa.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOn);
. 5.6,
, .
.
QAbstractScrollArea::viewport () . verticalScrollBar ( )
horizontalScrollBar ()
( QScrollBar) . cornerwidget ( )
, .
|viewport()
|verticalScrollBar()
_
.
id ' jcornerWidgetQ
horizontalScrollBar()
. 5.6.
5. ? 129
setwidgeto,
.
.
widget () . QScrollArea
removeChild().
. 5.7 (
5.3). .
. 5.7.
5.3. main.cpp

{
QScrollArea sa;
QWidget* pwgt = new QWidget;

QPixmap pix(":/img.jpg");
QPalette pal;
pal.setBrush(pwgt->backgroundRole(), QBrush(pix));
pwgt->setPalette(pal);
pwgt->setAutoFillBackground(true);
pwgt->setFixedSize(pix.width(), pix.height());
sa.setWidget(pwgt);
sa.resize(350, 150);
sa.show();
return app.exec();
}
5.3 sa.
( pwgt) pix.
img.jpg,
130 II.
setPalette ( ) . ,
setAutoFillBackground ( ) .
( pwgt)
setFixedSize () . sa
setwidget ( ) .
(
). QWidget . ,
Qt, QWidget
.
-
.
, (show) (hide), ,
.
-
.
, -
, , .
. Qt
, .
.
Q Frame QWidget ,
.
QStackedwidget
. , ,
.
.
,
.
6
(Layouts) Qt (
). ,
,
, .
, ,
.
.
, ,
. , ,
.
Visual Basic,
.
,
, , ,
,
,
. Qt
. ,
, , ,
.
Qt ,
.
, ,
/ . .
(layout managers)
,
, .
.
132 II.
QLayout
, : QObject QLayoutitem (. 6.1).
QLayout.
[QLayoutitem 1 QObject
| QFormLayout
[ QGridLayout
[ QStackedLayout |
QBoxLayout
[QHBoxLayout
]
(_QVBo*Layou_ |setMargin() setSpacingQ
. 6.1. . 6.2.

,
,
Qt.
, QLayout, additemO, count (),
setGeometry(), takeAt() itemAt().
QLayout QGridLayout QBoxLayout (. . 6.1).

QGridLayout , QBoxLayout
QHBoxLayout QVBoxLayout .
.
. setSpacing(),
. setMargin ( )
5
10 . 6.2
.
addwidget ( ) ,
addLayout ( ) .
- ,
removewidget( ) , .

.
,
.

-. , ,
, .
6. 133

QHBoxLayout QVBoxLayout.
QBoxLayout
QHBoxLayout QVBoxLayout, QBoxLayout, ,
,
, .
:
.
QBoxLayout
QBoxLayout ,
. ,
:
LeftToRight , ;
RightToLeft , ;
TopToBottom , ;
BottomToTop , .
QLayout :
insertwidget ( ) , insertLayout { ) ,
insertspacing () insertStretch ( . )
addspacing ( )
.
QBoxLayout addwidget ( )
, ,
( ).
. 6.3, 6.1.
s
I Stretch :
l A l _
6_ IL c I
. 6.3.
6.1. main.cpp
int maintint argc, char** argv)

{
QWidget wgt;
QPushButton* pcmdA = new QPushButton ("A");

QPushButton* pcmdB = new QPushButton ("B");
QPushButton* pcmdC = new QPushButton ("C");
134 II.
//Layout setup
QBoxLayout* pbxLayout = new QBoxLayout(QBoxLayout::LeftToRight);
pbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdA, 1);
pbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdB, 2);
pbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdC, 3);
wgt.setLayout(pbxLayout);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
)
6.1 , ,
QBoxLayout::addwidget ( ) ,
.
QBoxLayout::LeftToRight,
. QWidget::setLayout ( )
wgt.
, 6.1 ,
( pcmdA, pcmdB pcmdc) -,
, ,
. - ?
, (memory leak)?
, -
. setLayout ( )
wgt.
,
addStretch ( ) .
,
. . 6.4
.

. 6.4.
( 6.2), . 6.5,
-
. 6.5.
6. 135
(. 6.1), . 6.3,
.
6.2. main.cpp
int mainfint argc, char** argv)

{
QApplication apptargc, argv);
QWidget wgt;
QPushButton* pcmdA = new QPushButton("A");

QPushButton* pcmdB = new QPushButton("B");
//Layout setup
QBoxLayout* pbxLayout = new QBoxLayout(QBoxLayout::LeftToRight);
pbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdA);
pbxLayout->addStretch(1);
pbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdB);
wgt.setLayout(pbxLayout);
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
)
6.2 QWidget .
QLayout::
addwidget() ( pcmdA). QBoxLayout::
addStretchf) , (
pcmdB).
QHBoxLayout
QHBoxLayout
. QBoxLayout,
,
, . ,
QHBoxLayout ( 6.3), . 6.6.
OHBonlayotrt
1 ] 1 1 1 1
. 6.6.
136 II.
6.3. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;

QPushButton* pcmdC = new QPushButton("C");
//Layout setup
QHBoxLayout* phbxLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
phbxLayout->setMargin(10);
phbxLayout->setSpacing(20);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdA);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdB);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdC);
wgt.setLayout(phbxLayout );
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
}
6.3 , ( pcmdA, pcmdB pcmdc).
QHBoxLayout .
QLayout : :setMargin ( ) 10 .
QLayout : : setspacing ( ) 20 .
QLayout::addwidget() .
QVBoxLayout
QVBoxLayout QBoxLayout
. QBoxLayout
QHBoxLayout. 6.3 QHBoxLayout QVBoxLayout,
, . 6.7.
. 6.7.
6. 137

,
. addLayoutO,
.
. 6.8
( 6.4). QVBoxLayout QHBoxLayout.
_ Layout
QVBoxLayout
QHBoxLayout
. 6.8.
6.4. Layout.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;

QPushButton* pcmdD = new QPushButton("D");
QVBoxLayout* pvbxLayout = new QVBoxLayout;

phbxLayout->setMargin(5);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdC);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdD);
pvbxLayout->setMargin(5);
pvbxLayout->setSpacing(15);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdA);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdB);
pvbxLayout->addLayout(phbxLayout);
wgt.setLayout(pvbxLayout );
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
138 II.
6.4 , . 6.8.
, ,
, .
setMargin(), ,
setspacing () 15 ,
. pcmdc pcmdD.
pcmdA pcmdB QLayout : : addwidget ( )
pvbxLayout, QBoxLayout : :
addLayout ( ) phbxLayout.
Qwidget : : setLayout ( ) pvbxLayout wgt.
QGridLayout
QGridLayout,
. ,
.

, ,

QFormLayout, ,
QGridLayout. , ,
, ,
.

addRow(), :
.
addwidget ( ) ,
, . ,
, addwidget ( ) ,
, .
(. . 7.1 7), ,
:
playout->addWidget (widget, 17, 1, Qt : :AlignCenter) ;
setRowStretch ( ) setColumnStretch ( ) ,
, .
setspacing { ) .
, . 6.9 ( 6.5), : , , D
2 2 .
. 6.9.

6.5. main.cpp

6. 139
{
QWidget wgt;

QPushButton* pcmdD = new QPushButton("D");
QGridLayout* pgrdLayout = new QGridLayout;

pgrdLayout->setMargin(5);
pgrdLayout->setSpacing(15);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdA, 0, 0);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdB, 0, 1);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdC, 1, 0);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdD, 1, 1);
wgt.setLayout(pgrdLayout );
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
6.5 pgrdLayout.
setMarginf) 5 . setspacing
15 .
addwidget ( ) ,
, .
( 6.6), . 6.10,
.
QValueStack QRegExp, 4.
QGridLayout
1 7 793

7 8 9 /
4 5 6 *
1 2 3 -
0 = +
. 6.10. ,

140 II.
6.6. main.cpp
#include <QApplication>
#include "Calculator.h"

{
Calculator calculator;
calculator.setWindowTitle("Calculator");
calculator.resize(230, 200);
calculator.show();
return app.exec();
}
, 6.6, calculator
(. 6.7-6. 1 1). resize () show()
.
Calculator, 6.7, :
m plcd , m stk
m_strDisplay ,
. createButton ( )
, calculate ( )
,
m stk. slotButtonClickedO
.
6.7. Calculator.!!
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
#include <QStack>
class QLCDNumber;
class QPushButton;
class Calculator : public QWidget {

Q_OBJECT
private:
QLCDNumber* m_plcd;
QStack<QString> m_stk;
QString m_strDisplay;
public:
Calculator(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
6. 141
QPushButton* createButton(const QSt rings str);

void calculate ( );
public slots:
void slotButtonClicked ();
};
( 6.8)
, 12. QLCDNumber::Flat, setSegmentStyle ( ),
. setMinimumSize ( )
. aButtons
.
addwidget ( ) ,
,
.
, createButton ( ) ,
addwidget () (1,3) (
).
createButton ( ) addwidget ( ).
6.8. Calculator.cpp. Calculator
Calculator::Calculator (QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QWidget (pwgt)

{
m_plcd = new QLCDNumber(12);
m picd->setSegment St yle(QLCDNumber::Flat)i ;
m plcd->setMinimumSize(150, 50);
QChar aButtons[4][4] = {{'7', '8', '9', '/'}

1
4', '5', '6', '*'}

1
{'14 '2', '3', 1

_i
r ' +'}
i
('O',
//Layout setup
QGridLayout* ptopLayout = new QGridLayout;
ptopLayout->addWidget (m_plcd, 0, 0, 1, 4);
ptopLayout ->addWidget (createButton("CE"), 1, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j ) {
ptopLayout->addWidget (createButton(aButtons[i][j]), i + 2, j);
}
}
setLayout (ptopLayout);
createButton(), 6.9,
. setMinimumSize () -
142 II.
, clicked ()
slotButtonClicked() connect().
6.9. Calculator.cpp. createButton()
QPushButton* Calculator::createButton(const QStrings str)

{
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton(str);
pcmd->setMinimumSize(40, 40);
connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
return pcmd;
}
calculate () ( 6.10) ,
m_stk. dOperand2 ,
double. strOperation
. dOperandl ,
double. if
, , ,
dResult. dislay ()
dResult ( m plcd).
6.10. Calculator.cpp. calculate ()
void Calculator::calculate()
{
double dOperand2 = m_stk.pop().toDouble();
QString strOperation = m_stk.pop();
double dOperandl = m_stk.pop().toDouble();
double dResult = 0;
if (strOperation == "+") {
dResult = dOperandl + dOperand2;
}
if (strOperation == {
dResult = dOperandl dOperand2;
}
if (strOperation == "/") {
dResult = dOperandl / dOperand2;
}
if (strOperation =="*") {
dResult = dOperandl * dOperand2;
}
m_plcd->display(dResult);
}
slotButtonClicked () ( 6.11) ,
, QPushButton, str
6. 143
. ,
0. ,
m strDisplay,
. ,
. ,
.
calculate ( ) .
clear () ,
, . =,
.
6.11. Calculator.cpp. slotButtonClicked()
void Calculator::slotButtonClicked ( )
{
QString str = ((QPushButton* ) sender ( ) )->text ( );
if (str == "CE") {
m_stk.clear ();
m_strDisplay =
m_plcd->display("0");
return;
}
if (str.contains(QRegExp("[0-9]"))) {
m_strDisplay += str;
m_plcd->display(m_strDisplay.toDouble ());
}
else if (str == {
m_strDisplay += str;
m_pl cd->displ ay(m_st r Display);
}
else {
if (m_stk.count () >= 2) {
m_st k.push(QString ().setNum(m_plcd->value ( ) ) ) ;
calculate ();
m_stk.clear ();
m_st k.push(QString ( ).setNum(m_plcd->value ( ) ) );
if (str ! = "=") {
m_stk.push(str);
}
}
else {
m_stk.push(QString ().setNum(m_plcd->value ( ) ) ) ;
m_strDisplay =
m_plcd->display ( "0");
}
144 II.

.

<>,
. ,

. . 6.11 .

, .
. 6.11. . 6.12.
QWidget::
setTabOrder ( ) ,
.
, . 6.11,
, . 6.12:
QWidget::setTabOrder(, );
QWidget::setTabOrder(, );
QSplitter

.
, ,
.
(Windows Explorer) Windows.
QSplitter, QSplitter.
, .
,
, .
,
, setOpaqueResize ( ) , true.
, . 6.13, QTextEdit ( 6.12).
6.12. main.cpp

{
6. 145
QSplitter spl (Qt : : Vertical ) ;

QTextEdit* ptxtl = new QTextEdit;
QTextEdit* ptxt2 = new QTextEdit;
spl . addwidget (ptxtl ) ;
spl . addwidget (ptxt2 ) ;
ptxtl->setPlainText ( "Linel\n"
"Line2\n"
"Line3\n"
"Line4\n"
"Line5\n"
"Line6\n"
"Line7\n"
);
ptxt2->setPlainText (ptxtl->toPlainText ( ) ) ; . 6.13.
spl . resize (200, 220);

spl . show ( ) ;

}
6.12 QSlitter Qt: :vertical , ,

.

QSplitter :: Horizontal. ,
QSplitter: horizontal QSplitter: :Vertical setOrientation ( ) .
QTextEdit ,
QSplitter: : addwidget () . QTextEdit
setPlainText ( ) .

. Qt ,
, .
.
: QObject QLayoutitem.

. ,
.

. ,
.
7

.
,

.
, (, ).

,
. , ,
. ,
, .
QLabel QLabel.
QFrame .
, ,
setText ( ) , setPixmap ( ) setMovie ( ) .
setAlignment ( ) .
, . 7.1.
, ,
| ().
AlignCenter, AlignVCenter AlignHCenter.
7.1. AligrmentFlag Qt

AlignLeft 0x0001
AlignRight 0x0002
AlignHCenter 0x0004
AlignJustify 0x0008
AlignTop 0x0010
7. 147
7.1 ()

AlignBottom 0x0020
AlignVCenter 0x0040
AlignCenter AlignVCenter | AlignHCenter

. 7.1,
,
HTML (HyperText Markup Language,
). ( 7.1)
HTML ,
.
. 7.1.
HTML
7.1. main.cpp

{
QLabel lbl("<HlXCENTER>QLabel - HTML Demo</CENTERX/Hl>"

"<H2><CENTER>Image</CENTERXH2>"
"CCENTERXIMG BORDER=\"0\" SRC=\":/Balalaika.png \"></CENTER>"
"<H2><CENTER>List</CENTERXH2>"
"<OLXLI>One</LI>"
" <LI>Two</LI>"
" <LI>Three</LI>"
"</0L>"
148 II.
" <2 ><CENTER> Font Style</ CENTERXH2>"

"<CENTER><FONT COLOR=RED>"
" <B>Bold</B>, <I>Italic</I>, <U>Underline</U>"
"< / FONTX / CENTER> "
"<H2><CENTER>Table</CENTER></H2>"
"<CENTER> <TABLE>"
" <TR BGCOLOR=# ff00ff>"
" <TD>1, 1</TDXTD>1, 2</TDXTD>l, 3</TDXTD>l, 4</TD>"
M
</TR> "
" <TR BGCOLOR=YELLOW>"
" <TD>2, 1</TDXTD>2, 2</TDXTD>2, 3</TDXTD>2, 4</TD>"
M
</TR>"
" <TR BGCOLOR=#OOfOOO>"
" <TD>3, 1</TDXTD>3, 2</TDXTD>3, 3</TDXTD>3, 4</TD>"
M
</TR>
"</TABLE> </CENTER>"
);
lbl . show ( ) ;

}
7. 1 lbl
HTML.
- setText ( ) . ,
0, .
( 7.2), . 7.2,

HTML.
. 7.2.

7.2. main.cpp

{
QApplication app (argc, argv);
7. 149
QPixmap pix;
pix.load(":/mira.jpg");
QLabel lbl;
lbl.resize(pix.size());
lbl.setPixmap(pix);
lbl.show();
return app.exec();
}
7.2, QPixmap.
ioad() mira.jpg.
lbl QLabel.
resize ()
. , , setPixmap ()
.
setBuddyO
. & (), ,
, . <Alt>
, setBuddyO. . 7.3
, 7.3 .
. 7.3.
&
7.3. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QLabel* plblName = new QLabel("&Name:");
QLineEdit* ptxtName = new QLineEdit;
plblName->setBuddy(ptxtName);
QLabel* plblAge = new QLabel("&Age:");

QSpinBox* pspbAge = new QSpinBox;
plblAge->setBuddy(pspbAge);
150 II.
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(plblName);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(ptxtName);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(plblAge);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pspbAge);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
)
7.3 wgt QWidget ,

- 0.
-,

QVBoxLayout. Name () N
. . ,
setBuddyO ,
.
Age (), ( QSpinBox) .
.
, , ,
HTML-.
III.
. , QLabei
linkActivatedO,
, .
, , ,
QLabei , Web- (
QDesktopServices::openUrl ()).
setOpenExternalLinks ( ) true. :
QLabei* plbl =
new QLabei("< HREF=\"http://www.bhv.ru\"> www.bhv.ru</A>");
1.setOpenExternalLinks(true);

(progress bar) ,
.
. ,
, ,
, . ,
. QProgressBar
QProgressBar. -
7. 151
, , setOrientation ( ) Qt::vertical,
.
.
Step () .
Reset () . ,
7.4, , . 7.4.
40% Step Reset
. 7.4.
7.4. main.cpp
#include "Progress.h"

{
Progress progress;
progress.show();
return app.exec();
)
7.5 Progress.h, Progress,

Qwidget. :
, . :
slotstep ( ) slotReset ( ) . ,
.
7.5. Progress.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
class QProgressBar;
// ----
----
======================
class Progress : public QWidget {
Q_0BJECT
private:
QProgressBar* m_pprb;
int m_nStep;
152 II.
public:
Progress(QWidget* pobj = 0);
public slots:
void slotStep ();
void slotReset();
};
( 7.6) m nstep 0.
setRange ( ) ,
5, setMinimumwidth ( )
, .
setAlignment () Qt::AlignCenter
(. . 7.1). : Step ()
Reset (), slotStep( ) slotReset().
slotStep () m nstep 1
QProgressBat::setvalue ( ) . slotReset
m nstep 0 , QProgressBar::reset(),
. -
Progress
QVBoxLayout, , , -.
7.6. Progress.cpp
tinclude <QtWidgets>
#include "Progress.h"
//
Progress::Progress(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/)
: QWidget(pwgt)
, m_nStep(0)
{
m_pprb = new QProgressBar;
m_pprb->setRange(0, 5);
m_pprb->setMinimumWidth(200);
m_pprb->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
QPushButton* pcmdStep = new QPushButton("&Step");

QPushButton* pcmdReset = new QPushButton("&Reset");
QObject::connect(pcmdStep, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotStep()));

QObject::connect(pcmdReset, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotReset()));
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(m_pprb);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdStep);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdReset);
setLayout(phbxLayout);
)
,,
7. 153
void Progress::slotStep()
{
m_pprb->setValue(++m_nStep);
}
//
void Progress::slotReset()
{
m_nStep = 0;
m_pprb->reset();
}

QLCDNumber
QLCDNumber.
, , .
. ,
,
setSmallDecimalPoint () true false .

setNumDigits () . ,
, overflow().
Outline,
, setSegmentstyle ( ) : QLCDNumber::
Outline, QLCDNumber::Filled QLCDNumber::Flat. . 7.2
.
7.2.

Outline

Flat
/
Filled ~1
J I
, ,
.
setModeO, :
QLCDNumber::Bin (), QLCDNumber::Oct (), QLCDNumber::Dec (
) QLCDNumber:: ().
setBinMode(), setOctMode(), setDecModeO setHexModeO
.
154 II.
( 7.7) ,
(. 7.5).
7.7 ( pled)
( pspb). setsegmentstyle()
. setModeO
QLCDNumber::Hex .
setFixedHeight() , 30.
valueChanged() display()
.
. 7.5.

7.7. main.cpp
int main (int arge, char** argv)

{
QWidget wgt;
QLCDNumber* pled = new QLCDNumber;
QSpinBox* pspb = new QSpinBox;
plcd->setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber::Filled);
plcd->setMode(QLCDNumber::Hex);
pspb->setFixedHeight(30);
QObject::connect(pspb, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
pled, SLOT(display(int))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pled);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pspb);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
7. 155
.
,
. ,
HTML. .

.
.

, .
: , ,
.
8
, ,
.

. ,
,
. (on) (off).
?
QAbstractButton
QAbstractButton .
: (QPushButton),
, (QCheckBox) (QRadioButton).
QAbstractButton , .
, .

,
, setText ( ) .
QAbstractButton text ( ) .
seticon().
seticonSize ()
, (
).
iconSize () . , ,
, icon ( ) .

QAbstractButton
:
clicked ( ) ;
pressed ( ) ;
8. , 157
released ( ) ;
toggled ( ) ,
.

QAbstractButton :
isDown()
true, .
, ,
setDown( ) ;
isCheckedO
true,
. , ,
setChecked ( ) ;
,
, isEnabledO
true.
setEnabled().
, ,
Ok Cancel () .
.
, ,
. QPushButton
QPushButton.
:
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton(" Button");
( ) . ,
, ,
.
, clicked () .
, <Enter>,
, ( ).
, setDefault().
, . 8.1,
:
Normal Button ( ) ,
.
;
Toggle Button () :
, .
, ,
;
Flat Button ( )
. . , , -
158 II.
,
;
, Pixmap Button ( )
, .
8.1 ,
. 8.1.
( pcmdNormai). - (
pcmdToggie) , ,
setcheckabie ( )
true .
setChecked ( ) true
.
. 8.1.
( pcmdFlat) .
set Flat ( ) true .

pix, ChordsMaestro.png,
. ( pcmdPix),
seticono . seticonSizeO
,
, size ( ) QPixmap.
8.1. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QPushButton* pcmdNormai = new QPushButton("SNormal Button");
QPushButton* pcmdToggie = new QPushButton("SToggle Button");

pcmdToggle->setCheckable(true);
pcmdToggle->setChecked(true);
QPushButton* pcmdFlat = new QPushButton("&Flat Button");

pcmdFlat->setFlat(true);
QPixmap pix(":/ChordsMaestro.png");
QPushButton* pcmdPix = new QPushButton("SPixmap Button");
pcmdPix->setIcon(pix);
pcmdPix->setIconSize(pix.size());
//Layout setup
8. , 159
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdNormal);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdToggle);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdFlat);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdPix);
wgt.setLayout(pvbxLayout);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}

(. 8.2). , , Microsoft Internet
Explorer. Start () Windows 7
. , setMenuO
.
(. 11).
Iteml
Item2
Suit
. 8.2.
8.2 and pmnu.

addActionO (. 31). Quit ()
quit ( ) ,
, .
setMenu().
8.2. main.cpp

{
QPushButton cmd("Menu");
QMenu* pmnu = new QMenu(&cmd);
pmnu->addAction("Iteml");
pmnu->addAction("Item2");
pmnu->addAction("&Quit", &app, SLOT(quit()));
cmd.setMenu(pmnu);
cmd.show();
return app.exec();
160 II.
,
. ,
. QCheckBox
QCheckBox.

, QListwidget (.
11 12).

. .
<>, .
,
, - (toggle button). , ,
(. 8.3).
Properties ()
Windows , .
. 8.3.
8.3 : pchkNormal pchkTristate.

Normal Check Box ( ) setCheckedO
true. Tristate Check Box ( )
, true
setTristate ( ) . setCheckState ( )
Qt::PartiallyChecked .
8.3. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QCheckBox* pchkNormal = new QCheckBox("SNormal Check Box");
pchkNormal->setChecked(true);
QCheckBox* pchkTristate = new QCheckBox("STristate Check Box");

pchkTristate->setTristate(true);
pchkTristate->setCheckState(Qt::PartiallyChecked);
8. , 161
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pchkNormal);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pchkTristate);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
radiobutton
,
.
, , .
(. 8.4),
: (on) (off).
<>, .
QRadioButton QRadioButton.
. 8.4.
, ,
,
. , ,
QGroupBox.

,
. &
.

, ,
. ,
QComboBox (. 11).
8.4 gbx.
pradRed, pradGreen pradBlue (pradGreen)
setCheckedO true.
162 II.
gbx, QVBoxLayout
(. . 8.4).
8.4. main.cpp

{
QGroupBox gbx(".Colors");
QRadioButton* pradRed = new QRadioButton("&Red");

QRadioButton* pradGreen = new QRadioButton C'&Green");
QRadioButton* pradBlue = new QRadioButton("&Blue");
pradGreen->setChecked(true);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pradRed);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pradGreen);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pradBlue);
gbx.setLayout(pvbxLayout);
gbx.show();
return app.exec();
)

, ,
.
. ,
. , , QRadioButton
.
QGroupBox ,
.
, ,
.
,
. QGroupBox QGroupBox.
, (. 8.5).
, Red () ,
. Light () , Exit
() . main.cpp
8.5.
8. , 163
. 8.5.

8.5. main.cpp
#include "Buttons.h

{
Buttons buttons;
buttons.show();
return app.exec();
}
8.6, Buttons,
QGroupBox. m_pchk m_pradRed, m_pradGreen,
m pradBlue . ,
slotButtonClickedO.
8.6. Buttons.h
ipragma once
#include <QGroupBox>
class QCheckBox;
class QRadioButton;
// ===============================
class Buttons : public QGroupBox {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QCheckBox* m_pchk;
QRadioButton* m_pradRed;
QRadioButton* m_pradGreen;
QRadioButton* m_pradBlue;
public:
Buttons(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
164 II.
public slots:
void slotButtonClicked();
};
Buttons ( 8.7) setCheckable ( )

true , setChecked().
( pradRed, pradGreen pradBlue)
setChecked () true. clicked
slotButtonClicked().
Light () ( m pchk)
setChecked().
Exit () ( pcmd).
clicked ( ) quit ( )
.

QVBoxLayout.
slotButtonClicked () .
8.7. Buttons.cpp. Buttons
Buttons::Buttons(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QGroupBox("QGroupBox", pwgt)

{
resize(100, 150);
setCheckable(true);
setChecked(true);
m_pradRed = new QRadioButton("&Red");

m_pradGreen = new QRadioButton("&Green");
m_pradBlue = new QRadioButton("&Blue");
m_pradGreen->setChecked(true);
connect(m_pradRed, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
connect(m_pradGreen, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
connect(m_pradBlue, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
m_pchk = new QCheckBox("&Light");

m_pchk->setChecked(true);
connect(m_pchk, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("&Exit");

connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), qApp, SLOT(quit()));
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_pradRed);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_pradGreen);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_pradBlue);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_pchk);
8. , 165
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmd);
setLayout(pvbxLayout);
slotButtonClicked();
}
8.8 siotButtonClickedf),
Light ()
nLight, . if
- isChecked ( ) .
, Qwidget::backgroundRoie()
QPaiette::setcoior ( )
Qwidget::setPaiette ( ) . 13.
8.8. Buttons.cpp. slotButtonClicked ()
void Buttons::slotButtonClicked()
{
QPaiette pal = paletted;
int nLight = m_pchk->isChecked() ? 150 : 80;
if(m_pradRed->isChecked()) {
pal.setColor(backgroundRole(), QColor(Qt::red).light(nLight));
}
else if(m_pradGreen->isChecked()) {
pal.setColor(backgroundRole(), QColor(Qt::green).light(nLight));
else (
pal.setColor(backgroundRole(), QColor(Qt::blue).light(nLight));
}
setPaiette(pal);
, QAbstractButton: ,
.
.
pressed ( ) , released ( ) .
clickedo, , .
, .
. ,
.
,
.
--.

.

.
9
, - IBM
, , , ,
, , ,
, () ,
.
QAbstractSlider
: (QSlider),
(QScrollBar) (QDial) (. . 5.1).
.
QAbstractSlider.
,
sliderChange ( ) , .

, QAbstractSlider,
, .
setOrientation () ,

Qt: : Horizontal, Qt: : Vertical.

setRangeO.
( ),
( ).
setMinimumO setMaximum ( ) . ,
1 10, :
psld->setRange (1, 10) ;
:
psld->setMinimum(l) ;
psld->setMaximum(10) ;
9. 167

setSingleStep ( ) , , ,
,
.
setPageStep ( ) . ,
, ,
<Page Up>, <Page Down>.

- ,
setvalue ( ) . value ( ).
sliderMoved(int)
.
valueChanged ( ) sliderMoved(int)
.
setTracking ( ) .
false, , valueChanged ()
.
,
, sliderPressedO
sliderReleased ().

. QSlider QSlider.
QSlider , () .
.
. ,
setTickPosition ( ) , . 9.1.
9.1. TickPosition QSlider
NoTicks
TicksAbove
TicksBelow
TicksBothSides
I I 1 I 1 1
168 II.
setTickinterval ( ) .
,
.
( 9.1) . ,
. 9.1, ,
.
I Slide I I
. 9.1. ,

9.1. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QSlider* psld = new QSlider(Qt::Horizontal);
QLabel* plbl = new QLabel("3");
psld->setRange(0, 9);
psld->setPageStep(2);
psld->setValue(3);
psld->setTickInterval(2);
psld->setTickPosition(QSlider::TicksBelow);
QObject::connect(psld, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
plbl, SLOT(setNum(int))
);
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(psld);
phbxLayout->addWidget(plbl);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
9.1 ( psld) ( plbl).

setRange ( )
0 9. 2 setPageStep ( ).
setvalue ( ) ,
, .
9. 169
, ,
.
setvalueO 3, ,
.
,
setTickinterval ( ) 2. setTickmarks ( )
. connect () valueChanged(int)
setNum(int).

wgt.

. ,
,
. ,
.
, .
QScrollBar .
QscrollBar ,
QAbstractSlider.
.
QAbstractScrollArea. ,
QscrollBar, ,
,
QAbstractScrollArea.
, QscrollBar,
(. 9.2).
,
.
. ,
.
( 9.2), . 9.3,
. , ,
.
i rrrI
j Scroll here i
Left edge
Right edge
Page left
Page right
Scroll left
Scroll right
. 9.2. . 9.3. ,

170 II.
9.2. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QLCDNumber* pled = new QLCDNumber(4);
QScrollBar* phsb = new QScrollBar(Qt: horizontal);
QObject::connect(phsb, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
pled, SLOT(display(int ))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pled);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(phsb);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
9.2 ( pled)
( phsb). vaiueChangedO
display ( ) ,
, connect ( ) .
wgt
QVBoxLayout.
QDial QDial.
,
.
. ,
, .
setwrapping ( ) .
setNotchTarget ( ) ,
, setNotchesVisible(), .
( 9.3), . 9.4,
.
.
9. 171
9.3. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QDial* pdia = new QDial;
QProgressBar* pprb = new QProgressBar;
pdia->setRange(0, 100);
pdia->setNotchTarget(5);
pdia->setNotchesVisible(true);
QObject::connect(pdia, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int) ),
pprb, SLOT(setValue(int))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pdia);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pprb);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
9.3 (
pdia) ( pprb).
setRangeO
0 100. setNotchTarget() ,
5, setNotchesvisible() ,
true.
. 9.4. ,

valueChanged(int) connect()
setProgress(int).

QVBoxLayout .
172 II.
,
. QAbstractsiider,
, .
,
, . . ,

.
,
.
.
, ,

.
10
, , , ,
,
.

.
(drag & drop),
. ,
.

. QLineEdit
QLineEdit.
,
, .
QTextEdit.
, , text().
, textChanged ( ) . ,
, , ,
textEdited ( ) . returnPressed ( )
<Enter>. setReadOnly ( ) true
,
, .
setText ().

, I LineEdit
)
setEchoMode ( ) Password.
, *.
Top Secret
( 10.1), . 10.1,
, Text:
. test
.
Password :
. 10.1.
174 II.
10.1. main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QLabel* plblDisplay = new QLabel;

plblDisplay->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Box | QFrame::Raised);
plblDisplay->setLineWidth(2);
plblDisplay->setFixedHeight(50);
QLabel* plblText = new QLabel("&Text:");

QLineEdit* ptxt = new QLineEdit;
plblText->setBuddy(ptxt);
QObject::connect(ptxt, SIGNAL(textChanged(const QStrings)),
plblDisplay, SLOT(setText(const QStrings))
);
QLabel* plblPassword = new QLabel C'&Password:");

QLineEdit* ptxtPassword = new QLineEdit;
plblPassword->setBuddy(ptxtPassword);
ptxtPassword->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
QObject::connect(ptxtPassword, SIGNAL(textChanged(const QStrings)),
plblDisplay, SLOT(setText(const QStrings))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(plblDisplay);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(plblText);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(ptxt);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(plblPassword);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(ptxtPassword);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
10.1 ( plblDisplay). setFrameO

, a setLinewidth() .
setFixedHeight(). , plblText plblPassword,
setBuddy().
textChanged() setText() plblDisplay
.
QVBoxLayout.
10. 175
setMaxLength ( ) ,
, .
maxLength ( ).
QLineEdit :
( ) ;
cut ( ) ;
paste ( ) ( ), .
undo ( ) , redo ( )
.
isUndoAvailable () isRedoAvailable () ,
.
- (validator),
. .

QTextEdit ,
HTML. QAbstractScrollArea,
,
.

,
QTextEdit QPiaintTextEdit. QPiaintTextEdit
RTF (Rich Text Format, ),
, .
QTextEdit :
setReadOnly ( ) ;
text ( ) .
:
setPlainText ( ) ;
setHtml ( ) HTML;
(), cut () paste () (,
);
selectAll ( ) deselect ( ) ;
clear ( ) .
:
textchanged ( ) ;
selectionChanged ( ) .
QTextCursor,
QTextEdit. QTextCursor
176 II.
, .
QTextCursor QTextEdit :: textCursor ( ) .
QTextEdit QText Document,
QTextEdit : : document ( ) .
QTextEdit : : setDocument ( ) . QTextDocument
undo() ( ) redo() ( ).
undo () redo () undoAvailable (bool) redoAvailable (bool) ,
( ) .
QTextDocument, QTextEdit.
QTextEdit.
QTextEdit
QTextDocument. , , QTextEdit
HTML, .
setHtml ( ) ,
, HTML, insertHtml ( ) .
, QTextEdit
, QTextDocument.

insertPlainText ( ) . append ( )
setPlainText ( )
, ,
undo ( ) ,
. find()
.

QTextEditor QSyntaxHighlighter -
.
zoomin ( ) zoomOut ( )
, .

HTML, , ,
QLabel (. 7).
( 10.2) HTML- (. 10.2).

.
10.2. main.cpp

{
QTextEdit txt;
txt.setHtml ("<HTML>M
"<BODY BGCOLOR=MAGENTA>
"<CENTER><IMG SRC=\":/MetroGnome.png\"></CENTER>"
10. 177
"<2><CENTER>Gnome Poem 3: Magic Magic</CENTERX/H2>"

"<H3XCENTER>(http://ynstyn.tripod.com)</CENTERXH3>"
"<FONT COLOR=BLUE>"
"<p ALIGN=\"center\">
"<I>"
"Magic! Magic!<BR>"
"Are you here?<BR>"
"Abra-ca-dabra!<BR>"
"We appear.<BRXBR>"
"Magic! Magic!<BR>"
"Gnomes are we.<BR>"
"Magic gnomes<BR>"
"Of mystery.<BR>"
I I
</p>
"</FONT>"
"</BODY>"
"</HTML>"
);
txt.resize(320, 250);
txt.show();
return app.exec();
)

10.2
txt. setHtmio
QTextEdit HTML.
Gnome Poem 3: Magic Magic

(http:/ /ynstyn.tripod.com)
Magic! Magic!
Are you here?
Abra-ca-dabra!
We appear.
Magic! Magic!
Gnomes are ive.
Magic gnomes
. 10.2. ,
Of mystery.
HTML-
178 II.

QTextDocumentwriter
QTextDocument: PlainText ( ), HTML ODF (OpenDocument Format,
).
, OpenOffice.org LibreOffice.
, setFormat ( ) .
, ODF- (
10.3).
10.3. ODF
QTextEdit* ptxt = new QTextEdit("This is a <b>TEST</b>");

QTextDocumentwriter writer;
writer.setFormat("odf");
writer.setFileName("output.odf");
writer.write(ptxt->document());
10.3 ( ptxt)
(writer). setFormat
ODF setFileName . write
,
QTextDocument.
PDF QTextDocumentwriter ,
QPrinter. ,
( 10.4).
10.4. PDF
QTextEdit* ptxt = new QTextEdit("This is a <b>TEST</b>");

QPrinter printer(QPrinter::HighResolution);
printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter::PdfFormat);
printer.setOutputFileName("output.pdf");
ptxt->document()->print(sprinter);
10.4 ( ptxt),
(printer),
HighResolution.
setOutputFormat , PdfFormat,
NativeFormat PostScriptFormat
PostScript . setOutputFileName
QTextDocument ,
.
.
(syntax highlighting)

. QTextEdit
10. 179
QSyntaxHighlighter
highlightBlock ().
:
/virtual*/ void MyHighlighter::highlightBlock(const QStrings str)
(
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
if (str.at(i).isNumber()) {
setFormat(i, 1, Qt::red);
}
, highlightBlock!) .
setFormatO ,
( 1),
( Qt::red).
(QFont, . 20).
QTextEdit,
QTextDocument. :
MyHighlighter* pHighlighter = new MyHighlighter(ptxt->document());
,
QTextDocument, ,
QTextEdit, ,
QTextDocument. , , QTextBrowser, QTextFrame,
QTextTabie, QGraphicsTextitem
(. 21) .
, QSyntaxHighlighter,
,
C++ Borland (. 10.3).
( 10.5) txt QTextEdit
. fnt
setDefaultFont () .

SyntaxHighiighter
.
pal, , () (
) . show ( )
resize(). SyntaxHighiighter. ,
open ( )
. readAllo
setPlainText().
10.5. main.
#include "SyntaxHighiighter.h"

180 II.
{
QTextEdit txt;
QFont fnt("Lucida Console", 9, QFont::Normal);

txt.document()->setDefaultFont(fnt);
new SyntaxHighlighter(txt.document());
QPalette pal = txt.palette();

pal.setColor(QPalette::Base, Qt::darkBlue);
pal.setColor(QPalette::Text, Qt::yellow);
txt.setPalette(pal);
txt.show();
QFile file(":/SyntaxHighlighter.cpp");
file.open(QFile::Readonly);
txt.setPlainText(QLatinlString(file.readAll()));
return app.exec();
}
. 10.3.
10. 181
( .6) SyntaxHighlighter
QSyntaxHighlighter. NormalState, InsideCStyleComment
insidecstring, .
highlightBlockO,
. getKeyword {) ,
, C++
Qt.
10.6. SyntaxHighlighter.h
tpragma once
#include <QSyntaxHighlighter>
class QTextDocument;
// ===============================================================
class SyntaxHighlighter: public QSyntaxHighlighter {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QStringList m_lstKeywords;
protected:
enum { NormalState = -1, InsideCStyleComment, InsideCString };
virtual void highlightBlock(const QStrings);
QString getKeyword(int i, const QStrings str) const;
public:
SyntaxHighlighter(QTextDocument* parent = 0);
);
m lstKeywords
( 10.7).
10.7. SyntaxHighlighter.cpp. SyntaxHighlighter()
SyntaxHighlighter::SyntaxHighlighter(QTextDocument* parent/*= 0*/)

: QSyntaxHighlighter(parent)
{
m_lstKeywords
"foreach" "bool" "int" "void" "double"
"float" "char" "delete" "class" "const"
"virtual" "mutable" "this" "struct" "union"
"throw" "for" "if" "else" "false"
"namespace" "switch" "case" "public" "private
"protected" "new" "return" "using" "true"
VV V ">"
182 II.

" VV
_
|it |ii
it
VV
I it
* VV \
"!" it

VV
" . II "&" "emit" "connect" "SIGNAL"
1" "SLOT" "slots" "signals" r
}
highlightBlock ( ) ,
. highlightBlock ( )
, .
:
Normaistate , ,
(. 10.5);
insideCString , .
Qt : : cyan;
InsideCStyleComment ,
/*...*/. - Qt : :darkGray.
nState ( 10.8),
previousBlockstate ( ) .
insideCStyleCornment InsideCString.
*/ , ,
nState Normaistate - ,
i , .
InsideCString
( '), ,
\, , \",
,
. ,
,
.
if ,
, .
, , ,
. //,
, #, (
QString: : isNumber ( ) ), C++ Qt.
( 10.9) getKeyword ( ) .
, .
i ,
.
InsideCStyleComment InsideCString
/* " .
, InsideCStyleComment
insideCString,
.
setCurrentState ( ) .
10. 183
10.8. SyntaxHighlighter.cpp. highlightBlock ()
/virtual*/ void SyntaxHighlighter::highlightBlock(const QStrings str)

{
int nState = previousBlockState();
int nStart = 0;
if (nState == InsideCStyleComment) {
if (str.mid(i, 2) == "*/") {
nState = NormalState;
setFormat(nStart, i nStart + 2, Qt::darkGray);
i++;
}
}
else if (nState == InsideCString) {
if (str.mid(i, 1) == "V" II str.mid(i, 1) == "V") {
if (str.mid(i - 1, 2) != "\\\"n
&& str.mid(i - 1, 2) != "\\\"'
) {
nState = NormalState;
setFormat(nStart, i
nStart + 1, Qt::cyan);
}
}
}
else {
if (str.midfi, 2) == "//") {
setFormat(i, str.length!) i, Qt::darkGray);
break;
}
else if (str.mid(i, 1) == "#") {
setFormat(i, str.length() i, Qt::green);
break;
}
else if (str.at(i).isNumber()) {
setFormat(i, 1, Qt::cyan);
}
else if (str.midfi, 2) == "/*") {
nStart = i;
nState = InsideCStyleComment;
}
else if (str.mid(i, 1) == I I str.midfi, 1) == {
nStart = i;
nState = InsideCString;
}
else {
QString strKeyword = getKeyword(i, str);
if (!strKeyword.isEmpty()) {
setFormat(i, strKeyword.length(), Qt::white);
184 II.
i += strKeyword.length {) 1;
}
}
}
if (nState == InsideCStyleComment) {
setFormat(nStart, str.length)) nStart, Qt: idarkGray);
}
if (nState == InsideCString) {
setFormat(nStart, str.length() nStart, Qt::cyan);
}
setCurrentBlockState(nState);
getKeywordO ( 10.9)
C++ Qt. m_lstKeyword
foreach
.
strTemp, (break),
.
10.9. SyntaxHighlighter.cpp. getKeywordO
QString SyntaxHighlighter::getKeyword(int nPos, const QStrings str) const

{
QString strTemp =
foreach (QString strKeyword, m_lstKeywords) {

if (str.mid(nPos, strKeyword.length()) == strKeyword) {
strTemp = strKeyword;
break;
return strTemp;
}
,
,
. , , ,
, ,
, QSyntaxHighlighter.
?
QAbstractSpinBox

.
10. 185
(. . 5.1):
QSpinBox ;
QDateTimeEdit ;
QDoubleSpinBox , double.
,
, .
setwrapping ( ) true.
stepupo stepDown(),
.
setspecialValueText ( ) ,
, :
pspb->setSpecialValueText("default");
QSpinBox .
,
setRange ( ) , .
setvalue( ) , value ( ) .
valueChanged( ) : int,
const QStrings.
setPrefixO setSuffix().
, ,
:
pspb->setPrefix("(");
pspb->setSuffix(")");
+ () - (),
setButtonSymbols ( ) PlusMinus.
( 10.10)
1 100 (. 10.4).
. 10.4.
jl --
i
10.10 spb.
setRange (). setSuffixO
" " , setButtonSymbols ( ) ,
PlusMinus, +/-. setwrapping()
. ,
QWindowStyle.
186 II.
10.10. main.cpp

{
QSpinBox spb;
spb.setRange(1, 100);
spb.setSuffix(" MB");
spb.setButtonsymbols(QSpinBox::PlusMinus);
spb.setwrapping(true);
spb.show();
spb.resize(100, 30);
return app.exec();
}

,
.
dateTimeChangedO .
QDateTimeEdit QDateTime.
( 10.11)
, (. 10.5).
DateTittte&fit . 10.5.
0/6/2306 S:41:52 AM IS
10.11, QDataTimeEdit
,
QDateTime::currentDateTime ( ) . show().
10.11. main.cpp

{
QDateTimeEdit dateTimeEdit(QDateTime::currentDateTime());
dateTimeEdit.show();
return app.exec();
}
10. 187

QValidator ( )
. QValidator
setvalidator ( ) , QComboBox QLineEdit.
Qintvaiidator QDoubleValidator.
, QValidator
validate ( ) , .
:
QValidator::invalid ;
QValidator::intermediate
. , 50 1 00,
I ;
QValidator: Acceptable .
,
(. .6). ,
, .
. 10.6. ,
,

( 10.12) Namevalidator
QValidator. validated,
.
(. 4), ,
0 9. if QString::contains d
. ,
, invalid, ,
, Acceptable .
10.12. NameValidator. main.cpp
class Namevalidator : public QValidator {

public:
Namevalidator(QObject* parent) : QValidator(parent)
{
}
virtual State validate(QStrings str, int& pos) const

t
QRegExp rxp = QRegExpC[0-9]");
if (str.contains(rxp)) {
return Invalid;
}
return Acceptable;
188 II.
10.13 ( piblText),
( ptxt) ( pnamevalidator).
setvalidator ()
( ptxt),
setBuddy().
10.13. . main.cpp

{
QWidget wgt;
QLabel* piblText =
new QLabel("&Name (The digits will not be accepted!):");
QLineEdit* ptxt = new QLineEdit;
NameValidator* pnamevalidator = new NameValidator(ptxt);

ptxt->setValidator(pnamevalidator);
plblText->setBuddy(ptxt);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(piblText);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(ptxt);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
,
.
,
(drag & drop).
QLineEdit .
QTextEdit.
QAbstractScrollArea, ,
. QTextDocumentwriter
ODF, HTML, QPrinter
PDF-.
(QSpinBox) .
, .
QComboBox (. 11)
QLineEdit setvalidator().
11
,
.

.

, . ,

, . ,
QListwidget, QTreeWidget QTableWidget
-, 12.
, ,
,
. -,
, ,
. ...

QListwidget ,
.
. , addltem().
:
QListwidget item. ,
clear () .
QListwidget item .
, QListwidget : : additem( ) .
, QListwidget item ,
.
clone ( ) .

,
QStringList, (. 4), insertitems () .
insertitemO
190 II.
. insert item ()
QListwidgetitem. insertitemO
additemO ,
.
,
QListwidgetitem::seticon ( ) .
,
, . QListwidget
setitemwidget ( ) itemwidget ( ) . setitemwidget ()
,
.
, ,
itemwidget ( ) .
!

.
( 11.1) ,
(. 11.1).
11.1 lwg.
seticonSizeO
. 1st
.
foreach, .
seticon ()
.
. 11.1.
11.1. main.cpp

{
QStringList 1st;
QListwidget lwg;
QListwidgetitem* pitern = 0;
lwg.setlconSize(QSize(48, 48));
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOSX "Android";
foreach(QString str, 1st) {
pitem = new QListwidgetitem(str, &lwg);
11. 191
pitem->setIcon(QPixmap(":/" + str + ".jpg"));

}
lwg.resize(125, 175);
lwg.show();
return app.exec();
}

, , QListwidget::
currentitemO , .
, selecteditems( ) ,
. ,
setSelectionMode(),
QAbstractltemView, QAbstractltemView::MultiSelection.
, ,
QAbstractltemView::NoSelection,
QAbstractltem::SingleSelection.
itemClickedO .
itemDoubleClickedO
QListwidgetitem*.
itemSelectionChanged().

,
QListwidgetitem: :setFlags ( )
Qt : : itemisEditable . :
pitem->setFlags(Qt::ItemisEditable | Qt::ItemlsEnabled);

<F2>. QListwidget
itemChanged(QListwidgetitem*) itemRenamed(QListwidgetitem* ) .

(
), ,
(drag & drop).
( 11 .2)
(. 11 .2).
11 .2 lwg. setSelectionMode ( )
. setviewMode()
QListview::iconMode .
1st, . lwg
foreach. setFlags()
, (Qt: iitemisEnabled),
(Qt::itemisSelectable), (Qt::ItemisEditable)
(Qt::ItemlsDragEnabled).
192 II.
. 11.2.

QListwidget
. setFlow(),
QListview.
QListview::TopToBottom, .
11.2. main.cpp

{
QListwidget lwg;
QListwidgetItem* pitem = 0;
QStringList 1st;
lwg.setSelectionMode(QAbstractltemView::MultiSelection);
lwg.setViewMode(QListview::IconMode);
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOSX "Android";
pitem = new QListWidgetItem(str, &lwg);
pitem->setIcon(QPixmap(":/" + str + ".jpg"));
pitem->setFlags(Qt::ItemlsEnabled I Qt::ItemlsSelectable I
Qt::ItemlsEditable I Qt::ItemlsDragEnabled);
}
lwg.resize(150, 150);
lwg.show();
return app.exec();
}

sortitemsO.
Qt::AscendingOrder
, Qt::DescendingOrder . ,
, , .
, -
11. 193
, QListwidgetitem
operator< ( ).

QTreeWidget
.
. ,
, .
setitemwidget () .
,
. , ,
.
, ,
, .
,
. , ( 1 1.3) (
pwti) Qt::itemisUserCheckable
.
. . 11.3
.
11.3.
QTreeWidget Item* ptwi = new QTreeWidgetltem(pTreeView);

ptwi->setFlags(ptwiTemp->flags () I Qt::ItemisUserCheckable);
ptwi->setCheckState (0, Qt ::Checked);
ptwi->setText (0, "Checkable Item");
I
Checkable Item
___
Checkable Item
Si Checkable Item
l l rf".l It.
. 11.3.

, ,
,
Qt::Checked. :
if (ptwi->checkState (0) == Qt::Checked) {
//This item is checked
}
QTreeWidgetitem
. QTreeWidgetitem
clone ( ) .
addChildren ( ) insertChildren ( ) .
,
QTreeWidgetitem::set icon () ,
QTreeWidgetitem::setText ( ) .
.
194 II.
. . 1 1.4 .
Local Disk(C)
().
TreeWidget
Folders Used Space
* *+ Local Disk(C)
tJ) Directory*} 9MB
. 11.4.
Directory# SMB

Directory? 7MB
Director 6 6MB
Directory5 SMB
Directory4 4MB
DirectoryS SMB
(, Windows)
QTreewidgetitem .
1 1.4 twg. 1st
. setHeaderLabelst) Folders ()
Used Space ( ). (
ptwgitem) twg.
.
20 . setText ( )
, seticont) .
setitemExpandedo ptwgitem
.
11.4. main.cpp

{
QTreeWidget twg;
QStringList 1st;
1st "Folders" "Used Space";

twg.setHeaderLabels(1st);
twg.setSortingEnabled(true);
QTreewidgetitem* ptwgitem = new QTreewidgetitem(&twg);

ptwgItem->setText(0, "Local Disk(C)");
ptwgItem->setIcon(0, QPixmap(":/drive.bmp"));
QTreewidgetitem* ptwgltemDir = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i) {
ptwgltemDir = new QTreewidgetitem(ptwgitem);
ptwgItemDir->setText(0, "Directory" + QString::number(i));
ptwgItemDir->setText(1, QString::number(i) + "MB");
11. 195
ptwgItemDir->setIcon(0, QPixmap(":/folder.bmp"));
}
twg.setltemExpanded(ptwgltem, true);
twg.resize(250, 110);
twg.show();
return app.exec();
}
, ,
.
.
, setSortingEnabledO .
true, false.

. , setSelectionMode ()
QAbstractltemView QAbstractltemView::MultiSelection,
.
Qtreewidget, ,
:
QTreeWidgetltemlterator it(&twg, QTreeWidgetltemlterator::11);
while (*(++it)) {
qDebugO (*it)->text(0);
}
,
. ,
, .
QTreeWidgetltemlterator::All,
. , ,
QTreeWidgetltemlterator: :Selected.
, .
QTreeWidget :
;
itemSelectionChanged ( )
itemClicked(QTreeWidgetltem*, int) ;
itemDoubleClicked(QTreeWidgetltem*, int) ;
itemActivated(QTreeWidgetltem*, int) ,
<Enter> . ,
<Enter> ,
.
,
.
QTreewidget (drag & drop).
setFlagsO ,
Qt::itemisDragEnabled, ,
. :
pitem->setFlags(Qt::ItemlsDragEnabled | Qt::ItemlsEnabled);
196 II.
. ,
setFlags Qt: : itemisEditable (
!).

QListwidget,
sortitems ( ) ,
.
QTreewidgetitem operator<().
, 1 1.5.
11.5. QTreewidgetitem: :operator<()
bool MyTreeWidgetltem::operator(const QTreeWidgetltems ptwiOther)

{
bool bRet = false;
int nColumn = treeWidget()->sortColumn();
if (nColumn == 0) {
QString strFormat = "dd.MM.yyyy";
bRet = QDate::fromString(text(nColumn))
< QDate::fromString(ptwi.text(nColumn));
return bRet;
)
11.5 , ( 0)
. sortcoiumnt) ,
,
QTreewidget. 0, QDate
.
( bRet).
QTablewidget .
QTablewidgetitem.
QTablewidget::setitem(). setitemO ,
.
. QTablewidgetitem::
setText ( ) ,

QTablewidgetitem::seticon(). ,
, .
QTablewidgetitem ,
. clone().
, , .
setCellWidget().
11. 197

, QLineEdit.
( 11.6) ,
(. 11.5). .
a TableWidget
_
First Second Third
First 0.0 I '1 0,2
Second 1.0 1.2

Third 2,0 2,1 2,2
. 11.5.
1 1.6 tbi. ,
, .
3 3. ( ),
, setHorizontalHeaderLabel()
setverticalHeaderLabel .
( ptwi).
. setitemO
, .

, , QListwidget
QTreeWidget.
11.6. main.cpp

{
const int n = 3;

QTableWidget tbl(n, n);
QTableWidgetltem* ptwi = 0;
QStringList 1st;
1st "First" "Second" "Third";

tbl.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(1st);
tbl.setVerticalHeaderLabels(1st);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

for (int j =0; j < n; ++j) {
ptwi = new QTableWidgetltem(QString("%1,%2").arg(i).arg(j));
198 II.
tbl.setltem(i, j, ptwi);
}
tbl.resize(370, 135);
tbl.show();
return app.exec();
}

QComboBox
.
QListwidget.
() ,
. ()
, ,
().
/ .
additemO. ,
QStringList addltems(). setDuplicatesEnabled(false),
, .
, clear ( ).
, , currentindex (),
. ,
.
Windows, ().
setEditable ( ) true.

editTextChanged(const QStrings), .
activatedO:
int ( ), const QStrings
( ). ,
,
currentindexChanged(), int const QStrings .
( 11.7) (. 11.6).
.
, 11.7, cbo.
1st .
ComboBox - I .
John V
Paul
George
. 11.6.
11. 199
additemst) . setEditablef)
true .

,
QComboBox QVaiidator (. 10).
11.7. main.cpp

{
QComboBox cbo;
QStringList 1st;
1st "John" "Paul" "George" "Ringo";

cbo.addltems(1st);
cbo.setEditable(true);
cbo.show();
return app.exec();
}
, , ,
. ,
, .
. ,
.
,
, .
. ,
setTabEnabled ( ) false.
setcurrentindex( ) .
( 11.8) Linux, Windows, MacOSX
Android (. 11.7). ,
.
. 11.7.
200 II.
11.8 tab. addTabO

. ,
, ,
.
11.8. main.cpp

{
QTabWidget tab;
QStringList 1st;
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOSX" "Android";

tab.addTab(new QLabel(str, stab), QPixmap(": + str + ".jpg"), str);
}
tab.resize(360, 100);
tab.show();
return app.exec();
}

QTooiBox , .
( ) .
additem().
, insertitemO .
, count ( ) . removeitem().
currentwidget(),
.
currentchanged(int),
.
( 11.9)
,
(. 1 1.8).
11.9 .
additemO
. ,
.
. .
. 11.8.
11. 201
11.9. main.cpp

{
QToolBox tbx;
QStringList 1st;
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOSX" "Android";

tbx.addltern(new QLabel(str, &tbx), QPixmapC':/" + str + ".jpg"), str);
}
tbx.resize(100, 80);
tbx.show();
return app.exec();
}
, .
.
QListwidget, QTreeWidget QTableWidget
-, .
, , :
QListwidget .
( );
QTreeWidget ;
QTableWidget ,
;
QComboBox .
, ;
QTabwidget
, ;
QToolBox QTabwidget.
.
12
,
-
,
, .

- , 11,
. ,
. ,
, , . ., ,
, . ,
SQL-
. , ,
, , ,
.
Qt , , , , -
. , -
. , -,
Qt, ,
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:
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-
,
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;
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, ,
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.
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(. 45);
12. , - 203
. Qt SQL,
,
(. 41).

, . 12.1.
L 0*0 |
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//

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. 12.1.
,
. :

;

;

,
;
,
.
,
. ,
,
, :
. Qt-
204 II.
QAbstract11emModel (. 12.2). ,
, .
QAbstractitemModel ,
.
. , ,
, ,
, ,
. , , ,
. .
QAbstractitemModei ,
. 12.2. QAbstractListModei ,
QAbstractTableModel .
QObject
QAbstractitemModei
[ QFileSystemModel
QStandarditemModel
QAbstractListModei
| QStringListModel
. 12.2.
QAbstractProxyModel

[ QldentityProxyModel
] QSortFilterProxyModel |
QAbstractTableModel
QSqlQueryModel
CJSqJbibleModell
S QSqIRelationsI TableModeI
QStandarditemModel .
-, ,
,
.
QStringListModel QAbstractListModei,
, .
(QStringList) .
, ,
. .
:
QStringListModel model;
model.setStringList(QStringList() " "
" "
" "
>;
12. , - 205
QAbstractProxyModel ,
.
.
QSortFilterProxyModel.
.
QFileSystemModel .
, , (. 12.3)
(,
QAbstarctitemview). ,
:
, ,
.
. 12.3.
. 12.4,
QAbstactScrollArea, ,
,
, . QObject| QPaintOevice
L_
( QWidget

QComboBox,
QWidget. QComboBox
QFrame

QAbstractScrollArea
setModelO,
. QAbstactltemVlew |
QHeaderView
QAbstractitemView, QListView
, , ,
, TQListWidget
.
setEditTriggers ( ) ,
[ QUndoView
. |QTableView
[QTabieWidget ]
'[QT
QT reeView |
QTreeWidget
. 12.4.
( )
206 II.
:
NoEditTriggers ;
Doubleclicked ,
;
SelectedClicked ,
.
Qt , , :
QListview
.
( );
QTreeview .
;
QTableView .
, QHeaderView QAbstractitemView.
,
QTableView QTreeview .

, ,

. ,
.
, . ,
,
, , .
,
QitemSelectionModel (. 12.5). ,
, QAbstractitemView: :
select ionModel ( ) , QAbstractitemView: :
setSelectionModel ( ) .
|QObJect 1
1[ QitemSelectionModel 1
. 12.5. QitemSelectionModel
( 12.1), . 12.6,
.
.
12.1 ( model),
. .
( pTreeView, pListview pTableView) ,
setModel ( ) . (
QitemSelectionModel).
12. , - 207
I ll IS I
. 12.6.
( model).
setSeiectionModel ( ) .

.
QitemSelectionModel::selectedindexes( )
QitemSelectionModel: :select ( ) .
currentChanged(), selectionChangedO, currentColumnChanged()
currentRowChanged().
12.1. main.cpp.

{
QWidget wgt;
model.setStringList(QStringList() "Iteml" "Item2" "Item3");
QTreeView* pTreeView = new QTreeView;

pTreeView->setModel(smodel);
QListView* pListView = new QListView;

pListView->setModel(smodel);
QTableView* pTableView = new QTableView;

pTableView->setModel(smodel);
QitemSelectionModel selection(smodel);
pTreeView->setSelectionModel(sselection);
pListView->setSelectionModel(sselection);
pTableView->setSelectionModel(sselection);
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(pTreeView);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pListView);
208 II.
phbxLayout->addWidget(pTableView);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}

.
.
( ).
Qt QStyleditemDelegate (. 12.7),

, .
,
.
QAbstractltemDelegate, QStyleditemDelegate.
QObject I
_ SimpleDelegate 1 !1 igST
QAbstractltemDelegate j
tteml
QltemDelegate
fQSqlRelationaDe|egate|
. 12.7. . 12.8.
( 12.2), ,
() (. 12.8).
main(), 12.2, setitemDelegate ( )
( SimpleDelegate).
,
setAttribute ( )
Qt::WA_Hover.
SimpleDelegate paint .
QPainter.
QStyleOptionviewitem, QStyle.
,
. ,
,
option, ,
. QStyle::state MouseOver , ,
, ,
. 18.
,
createEditor(), setEditorData ( )
12. , - 209
setModelData(). createEditor() .
setEditorData() . setModelData()
.
12.2. main.cpp.
// ======
---============
---
--- ---
============== ===========
class SimpleDelegate : public QStyledltemDelegate {
---
public:
SimpleDelegate(QObject* pobj = 0) : QStyledltemDelegate(pobj)
{
}
void paint(QPainter* pPainter,

const QStyleOptionViewItems option,
const QModellndexs index
) const
{
if (option.state & QStyle::State_MouseOver) {
QRect rect = option.rect;
QLinearGradient gradient(0, 0, rect.width(), rect.height());
gradient.setColorAt(0, Qt::white);
gradient.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::blue);
gradient.setColorAt(1, Qt::green);
pPainter->setBrush(gradient);
pPainter->drawRect(rect);
)
QStyledltemDelegate::paint(pPainter, option, index);
//
int mainfint argc, char *argv[])
{
model.setStringList(QStringList() "Iteml" "Item2" "Item3");
QListView listview;
listview.setModel(smodel);
listview.setltemDelegate(new SimpleDelegate(slistview));
listview.viewport()->setAttribute(Qt::WA_Hover);
listview.show();
app.exec();
210 II.

, , .
. ,
, ,
. ,

. .
,
, . ,
: , .
, , .
,
QModelindex. QModelindex ,
, , .
QAbstractitemModel::
data () . QAbstractitemModel::
index ( ) , . ,
(2, 5), :
QModelindex index = pModel->index(2, 5, QModelindex());
QVariant value = pModel->data(index);
,
(2, 5). index ( ) (invalid index).
,
QModelindex::isValid()

QModelindex data , ,
, ,
.

. , ,
.
QStandarditemModel (. 12.9).
_ HierarchicalMcdel 1|43>1 i
1 2 3
iteml
item 2
0 item3

1,0
0.1
1,1
0.2
1,2
2,0 2.1 2,2
3,0 3,1 3.2
0 item
itemS
. 12.9.
12. , - 211
QStandarditemModel ( 12.3).
, setData ( )
. data().
12.3. main.cpp.

{
QStandardlteinModel model(5, 3);
for (int nTopRow = 0; nTopRow < 5; ++nTopRow) {

QModellndex index = model.index(nTopRow, 0);
model.setData(index, "item" + QString::number(nTopRow + 1));
model.insertRows(0, 4, index);
model.insertColumns(0, 3, index);
for (int nRow = 0; nRow < 4; ++nRow) {
for (int nCol = 0; nCol < 3; ++nCol) {
QString strPos = QString("%1,%2").arg(nRow).arg(nCol);
model.setData(model.index(nRow, nCol, index), strPos);
}
}
}
QTreeView treeView;
treeView.setModel(smodel);
treeView.show();
return app.exec();
}
, 12.3, ,
.
index ( ) .
insertRows ()
insertColumns ( ) . setData ( )
.
,
, QStandarditemModel.
, Qt4
. ,
. ( 12.4), . 12.10,
QFileSystemModel
.
12.4
QFileSystemMode. ! ,
212 II.
1.
Name Size Type Date Modified >
1 : Drive

** : Drive 1/21/2007 6 44:53 AM

! - nH MinGW File Folder 1/21/2007 5 28:00 AM
| - r*t Program Files File Folder 1/20/2007 5 51:23 PM
| - Q Qt File Folder 1/21/2007 5 28:45 AM
| - Iri Users File Folder 1/21/2007 1 35:09 AM
! - Windows File Folder 1/20/2007 5 57:58 PM
E|] autoexec.bat 24 bytes bat File 4/21/2006 E 51:25 PM
] config.sys 1 Q bytes sys File 4/21/2006 E 51:25 PM
] ntsign_incr.txt 472 bytes txt File 5/19/2006 5 00:03 AM
. D: Drive 1/1/1970 1:00:00 AM
| m Qt4 File Folder 1/21/20076:14:44 PM
H Makefile 240 KB File 1/21/2007 6:15:48 PM
. 12.10.
,
QTreeView.
12.4. main.cpp.

{
QFileSysteiniyiodel model;
QTreeView treeView;
.
model setRootPath (QDir : : rootPath ( ) ) ;
treeView. setModel (&model) ;
treeView . show ( ) ;

}
index ( ) .
: , , ,
. ,
(. 12.4) ,
:
QModellndex index .
= model index (QDir : : currentPath ());
treeView. setRoot Index (index) ;
setRootindexO ,

( 12.5), . 12.1 1.
12.5 12.4 ,
(spl) (
12. , - 213
pTableview). (model).
- .
,
, . ,

.
. ,
<Enter>
activated (), ,
setRootindex () . ,
, .
, Windows
. ,
.
. 12.11.
12.5. main.cpp. -

{
QSplitter spl(Qt::Horizontal);
QFileSystemModel model;
model.setRootPath(QDir::rootPath());
QTreeView* pTreeView = new QTreeView;

pTreeView->setModel(smodel);
QTableView* pTableview = new QTableView;

pTableView->setModel(smodel);
214 II.
QObject::connect(pTreeView, SIGNAL(clicked(const QMode1Index&)),

pTableView, SLOT(setRootlndex(const QModellndexs))
);
QObject::connect(pTableView, SIGNAL(activated(const QModellndexs)),
pTreeView, SLOT(setCurrentlndex(const QModellndexs))
);
QObject::connect(pTableView, SIGNAL(activated(const QModellndexs)),
pTableView, SLOT(setRootlndex(const QModellndexs))
);
spl.addWidget(pTreeView);
spl.addWidget(pTableView);
spl.show();
return app.exec();
}

(QModelindex) , ,
.
, (QModelindex)
.
,
.
QAbstractitemModel : :data(), , ,
DisplayRoie. ,
data ( ) QVariant, .
, , ,
. - . ,
,
, .
.
:
DisplayRoie :
DecorationRole ;
FontRole ;
ToolTipRole (ToolTip);
whatThisRole ?;
TextColorRole ;
BackgroundColorRoie .
( 12.6) , ,
Qt: : DisplayRoie, Qt : : ToolTipRole Qt : : DecorationRole (. 12.12).
12.6
Qt: : DisplayRoie, Qt::
12. , - 215
ToolTipRole. Qt:: DecorationRole ,

".jpg.
, .

m
Linux Windows MacOSX Android
. 12.12.
ToolTip for Windows

_ j
12.6. main.cpp.

{
QStringList 1st;
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOS" "OS2";
QStandardltemModel model(1st.size(), 1);
for (int i = 0; i < model.rowCount(); ++i) {
QModelIndex index = model.index(i, 0);
QString str = 1st.at(i);
model.setData(index, str, Qt::DisplayRole);
model.setData(index, "ToolTip for " + str, Qt::ToolTipRole);
model.setData(index, QIcon(str + ".jpg"), Qt::DecorationRole);
}
QListView listView;
listView.setViewMode(QListView::IconMode);
listView.setModel(smodel);
listView.show();
return app.exec();
}

,
QAbstractitemModel, .
(. . 12.2) ,
.
. , . 12.13
, .
12.7
. , setModel ( ) ,
.
216 II.
. 12.13.
12.7. main.cpp
#include "IntListModel.h"
int main( int argc, char** argv ) {

QApplication app( argc, argv );
IntListModel model(QList<int>() 123 2341 32 5342 723);
QListView list;
list.setModel(smodel);
list.show();
QTableView table;
table.setModel(smodel);
table.show();
return app.exec();
}
12.8.
QAbstractListModel rowCountO data().
rowCount ( ) , data ( )
, QVariant.
headerData ( ) . ,
QTableView QTreeView.
, flags ( ) setData().
12.8. IntListModel.h
#pragma once
#include <QAbstractListModel>
,
/ =========================================
class IntListModel : public QAbstractListModel {

Q OBJECT
12. , - 217
private:
QList<int> m_list;
public:
IntListModel(const QList<int>& list, QObject* pobj = 0);
QVariant data(const QModellndexs index, int nRole) const;
bool setData(const QModellndexs index,

const QVariant& value,
int nRole
int rowCount(const QModellndexS parent = QModelIndex()) const;
QVariant headerData(int nSection,

Qt::Orientation orientation,
int nRole = Qt::DisplayRole
) const;
Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModellndex sindex) const;

};
( 12.9)
m list
.
12.9. IntListModel.cpp.
IntListModel::IntListModel(const QList<int>& list, QObject* pobj/*=0*/)

: QAbstractListModel(pobj)
, m_list(list)
{
}

,
, . data()
( 12.10)
QVariant. .
, (Qt::DisplayRole)
(Qt::EditRole), , ,
, .
, , ,
QVariant ,
.
12.10. IntListModel.cpp. data()
QVariant IntListModel::data(const QModelIndex& index, int nRole) const

{
if (!index.isValidO ) {
218 II.
return QVariant();
}
return (nRole == Qt::DisplayRole || nRole == Qt::EditRole)
? m_list.at(index.row())
: QVariant();
}
setData ( ) : ,
( 12.11). isvalid().
, ,
(m list), replace () . ,
, .
value QVariant
QVariant::value<T>(), int (. 4).
QVariant::toint ( ) .
dataChanged ( ) , ,
. ( )
true , a false
.
12.11. IntListModel.cpp. setData ()
bool IntListModel::setData(const QModellndexs index,

const QVariant& value,
int nRole
)
{
if (index.isValid() && nRole == Qt::EditRole) {
m_list.replace(index.row(), value.value<int>());
emit dataChanged(index, index);
return true;
}
return false;
rowCountO, 12.12, .
,
(m_list).
12.12. IntListModel. rowCountO
int IntListModel::rowCount(const QModellndexs parent/*=QModelIndex()*/
return m_list.size();
}
headerDataO 12.13 ,
,
12. , - 219
.
,
( ).
, "Number",
.
12.13. IntListModel. headerDataO
QVariant IntListModel::headerData(int nSection,

Qt::Orientation orientation,
int nRole/*=DisplayRole*/
) const
{
if (nRole != Qt::DisplayRole) {
return QVariant();
return (orientation == Qt::Horizontal) ? QString("Number")

: QString::number(nSection);
}
, flags ()

Qt::itemisEditable. , (
12.14).
12.14. IntListModel. flags()
Qt::ItemFlags IntListModel::flags(const QModellndexs index) const

{
Qt::ItemFlags flags = QAbstractListModel::flags(index);
return index.isValid() ? (flags I Qt::ItemisEditable)
QAbstractTableModel
, QAbstractListModel. ,
QAbstractTableModel columnCount(),
.
( 12.15),
(. 12.14).
, 12.15, ,
12.7-12.14. ,
columnCount ( ) .
.
, . .
Qt: :EditRole setDataO, flags ()
Qt: : ItemisEditable. main()
200 200 .
220 II.
| \&\
"l TableModel
88 89 90 91 92
61 61,86 61,89 61.90 61,91 61,92
62 62,2-S 62,89 62,90 62,91 52,92

S3
62 63.88 63.89 63,90 63.91 63,92
64 64,88 64,89 64,90 64,91 64,52
65 65.88 65.89 65.90 65.91 55.92
66 66,88 66,89 66,90 56,91 66,92
67 67.88 67,89 67,90 67,91 67,92
4
u
. 12.14.
12.15. main.cpp.
class TableModel : public QAbstractTableModel {

private :
int m_nRows;
int m_nColumns;
QHash<QModelIndex, QVariant> m_hash;
public:
//
TableModel (int nRows, int nColumns, QObject* pobj = 0)
: QAbstractTableModel (pobj )
, m_nRows (nRows)
, m_nColumns (nColumns)
{
}
//
QVariant data (const QModellndexs index, int nRole) const
{
if (! index.isValid () ) {
return QVariant ( ) ;
}
QString str =
QString ("%1, %2" ) .arg (index. row () + 1) .arg (index. column ( ) + 1);
return (nRole == Qt : : DisplayRole I I nRole == Qt : :EditRole)
? m_hash. value (index, QVariant (str) )
: QVariant ( ) ;
}
12. , - 221
//
bool setData(const QModellndexs index,
const QVariants value,
int nRole
)
{
if (index.isValidO && nRole == Qt::EditRole) {
m_hash[index] = value;
emit dataChanged(index, index);
return true;
}
return false;
}
//
int rowCount(const QModellndexs) const
{
return m_nRows;
}
//
int columnCount(const QModellndexs) const
{
return m_nColumns;
}
//
Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModellndexs index) const
{
Qt::ItemFlags flags = QAbstractTableModel::flags(index);
return index.isValid() ? (flags | Qt::ItemlsEditable)
: flags;
};
//
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
TableModel model(200, 200);
QTableView tableView;
tableView.setModel(smodel);
tableView.show();
return app.exec();
}
QAbstractitemModel,
QAbstractTableModel.

QAbstractitemModel::index() QAbstractitemModel::parent().
222 II.
QAbstractltemModel::createlndex(),
.
(Proxy model)
, -
, .

, .
. ,
(. 12.15). -
, .
tnuHtPil DwcbayZ

. 12.15.
.
: ,
.
,
, .
, .
QSt Fi11ProxyMode1 ,
.
QSortFilterProxyModel::setFilterRegExp(),
QRegExp (. 4).
,
.
, .
.
( 12.16), . 12.16,
, .
, .
main , 12.16, QStringListModel,
.
QSortFilterProxyModel, setSourceMode ( )
. ,
, setFilterWildcard ( ) "*".

: ,
.
textChanged() setFilterWildcard()
12. , - 223
sortFilterProxyModei, ,
, .
QListview,
, .
. 12.16.
12.16. main.cpp.

{
QWidget wgt;
model.setStringList(QStringList() "Xandria"
"Epica"
"Therion"
"Evanescence"
"Nightwish"
);
QSortFilterProxyModel proxyModel;
proxyModel.setSourceModel(smodel);
proxyModel.setFilterWildcard("E*");
QListview* pListViewl = new QListview;

pListViewl->setModel(smodel);
QListview* pListView2 = new QListview;

pListView2->setModel( sproxyModel);
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(pListViewl);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pListView2);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
224 II.
-
11 - ,
: .
, . ( widget):
QListWidget, QTreeWidget QTableWidget.
-
QListview, QTreeview QTabieview (. . 12.4).
, , ,
. , -
(. 12.17),
, QAbstractltemView::model().
QListView QTreeView QTableView
"

fc
| i
* |1
QListWidget QTreeWidget QTableWidget
. 12.17. -

-
-,
,
- .
. 12.18 QListWidget ()
QListview () ,
. , ,
12.17.
12. , - 225
ListWidget
** ListView 75 1
Linux
--
Linux SS Windows
9 MacOSX
1 - Android
Windows
jjrjg MacOSX
Jpjf Android _
. 12.18.
1
12.17 11.1,
- QListwidget.
QListview.
( QListwidget),
model ( ) setModel()
listview. ,
selectionModel ( ) setSelectionModel().
12.17. main.cpp.

{
QStringList 1st;
QListwidget lwg;
QListwidgetItem* pitem = 0;
1st "Linux" "Windows" "MacOS" "OS2";
pitem = new QListwidgetItem(str, &lwg);
pitem->setIcon(QPixmap(str + ".jpg"));
}
lwg.setWindowTitle("ListWidget");
lwg.show();
QListview listview;
listview.setModel(lwg.model());
listview.setSelectionModel(lwg.selectionModel());
listview.setWindowTitle("Listview");
listview.show();
return app.exec();
226 II.
-
, .
,
-, -
.
.

, .
,
.
.
.
,
.
- -
,
.
13

, ,
. ,
.
, ,
. ,

, . .
. 13.1.
,
palette ( ) QWidget.
QPalette,
(. 13.1).
: (Active), (Inactive) (Disabled).
(color roles),
. 13.1. (QBrush) (QColor).
228 II.

QPaiette , ,
.
, .
13.1. ColorRole QPaiette

WindowText , (. 18).
.
Text .
BrightText , WindowText.
Text.
ButtonText .
Highlight . -
HighlightedText . ,
Hightlight.
Window . -
Base .

Button , .

Link , .

LinkVisited , .

Light . ,
Button. (. 13.2)
Midlight . - (. . 13.2)
Dark . ,
Button. - (. . 13.2)
Mid . -
Shadow . (. . 13.2)
. 13.2 ,
, . 13. 1.
. 13.2.
13. 229
1 WidgetP alette
. 13.3. ,

13.1. . 13.3
.
13.1. main.cpp

{
QSpinBox spb;
QPalette pal = spb.palette();
pal.setBrush(QPalette::Button, QBrush(Qt::red, Qt::Dense3Pattern));

pal.setColor(QPalette::ButtonText, Qt::blue);
pal.setColor(QPalette::Text, Qt::magenta);
pal.setColor(QPalette::Active, QPalette::Base, Qt::green);
spb.setPalette(pal);
spb.resize(50, 50);
spb.show();
app.setStyle(new QWindowsStyle);
return app.exec();
}
13.1 spb pal.

,
palette ( ) .
setBrush ( ) setColor ( ) .
, (. . 13.1). ,
, QPalette::Base
. , ,
( ).
setPalette () . ,
Windows ,
. 26.
13.1, setBrush ()
, . ,
, .
setBrush().
230 II.
13 .
, !
, ,
, .
QAppilcation::setPalette () . ,
3 7 .
13.2 , .
:

, .
, .
13.2. main.cpp

{
QPalette pal(Qt::red, Qt::blue);
QApplication: isetPalette(pal);
,
. ,
. 3- , ,
. ,
. , ,
QApplication::setPalette().
III
...
.

14.
15.
16.
14
-

, .
, ?
,
,
.
- . ,
,
. . ,
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, , , .
.
- , .
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. ,
.
(,
- ). ,
, , ,
.
,
, ,
. , QMouseEvent
.
,
. ,
mouse PressEvent ( )
clicked ( ) .

, Qt virtual
protected.
protected.
234 III.

,
. , ,
, .
Qt : , ,
. . 14.1 Qt.
. 14.1, QEvent .
. -
QEvent
J QMimeSource
( QAccessibleEvent QDropEvent
iQActionEvent I QDragMoveEvent
[QChildEvent 1 QDragEnterEvent
] QClipboardEvent QGraphicsSceneEvent
| QCIoseEvent | QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent
| QCustomEvent [ QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent
[ QDragLeaveEvent _ [ QGraphicsSceneHelpEvant
j QDragRasponsaEvant _ | QGraphicsScenoHoverEvent
| QDynamicPropertyChangeEvent | QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent
|QFUaOpanEvant | QGraphicsSceneMoveEvent
[Qit acmEmanl | QGraphicsSceneResizeEvent
[QGasturaEvent _ | QGraphicsSceneWheelEvent
| QHelpEvent QlnputEvent
[QHideEvent QContextMenuEvent
iQHovarEvent _ [ QKeyEvent
|[ QlconDragEvant _ QMouseEvent
| QlnputMethodEvent | QTableEvent
| QMoveEvent ( QTouchEvent
~jQPaintEvent QWheelEvent
[ QResizeEvent QToolBarChangeEvent
| QShortcutEvent QUpdateLaterEvent
|| QShowEvent _ ~[QWhat*ThiClickdEvant
[QStatusTipEvent | QWindowStateChangeEvent
|QTlmarEvent
. 14.1.
14. 235
,
QEvent QEvent::type().
QEvent accept ( ) ignore ( ) ,
,
. ignore (),
-.
QinputEvent ,
(. . 14.1). : modifiers ( ) .
-
<Ctrl>, <Shift> <Alt>, .
. 14.1.
14.1. Qt
(HEX)
NoModifier 0
ShiftModifier 2000000 <Shift>
ControlModifier 4000000 <Ctrl>

AltModifier 8000000 <Alt>

QCoreApplication::(). , ,
QObject. ,

QCoreApplication::(). Qt
. , ,
QPaintEvent
() ,
.
(paintEvent ( ) ) .

. ,
.
, .
, keyPressEvent ( )
keyReleaseEvent ( ) QKeyEvent.

QKeyEvent
QKeyEvent .
, , ASCII-
236 III.
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,

). QWidget:: keyPressEvent ()
QWidget::keyReleaseEvent ( ), QWidget.
, <Shift>, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Esc> <F1>-
<F12>. <Tab>
<Shift>, QWidget :: event ( )
.
keyPressEvent ( )
, keyReleaseEvent ( ) .
QKeyEvent ::key ( ) ,
. ,
, Qt (. 14.2).
, . 14.2:
20 3F ASCII- (. 7);
30 39 ,
;
41 5 . ,
ASCII- (. 7);
1000030 1000052 . 35,
. 14.2 12, ;
100009, 1000025 1000026
;

1000010 1000017 ;

1000020 1000023 ;

, 1000001, 1000004 1000005 ,
.
,
, : <Shift>, <Ctrl> <Alt>,
modifiers ().
text() Unicode-,
. ,
. .
key ( ) ,
(. . 14.1).
, QWidget,
:
void MyWidget::keyPressEvent (QKeyEvent* )
{
switch (pe->key()) {
case Qt::Key_Z:
if (pe->modifiers () & Qt::ShiftModifier) {
// -
}
14. 237
14.2. Key Qt

(HEX) (HEX) (HEX)
Key_Space 20 Key_B 42 Key Insert 1000006
Key NumberSign 23 Key_C 43 Key_Delete 1000007
Key Dollar 24 Key_D 44 Key_Pause 1000008
Key Percent 25 Key_E 45 Key Print 1000009
Key Ampersand 26 Key_F 46 Key Home 1000010
Key Apostrophe 27 Key_G 47 Key End 1000011
Key ParenLeft 28 Key_H 48 Key Left 1000012
Key ParenRight 29 Key_I 49 Key Up 1000013
Key Asterisk 2A Key_J 4A Key Right 1000014
Key Plus 2B Key_K 4B Key Down 1000015
Key Comma 2C Key_L 4C Key_PageUp 1000016
Key Minus 2D Key M 4D Key PageDown 1000017
Key Period 2E Key_N 4E Key Shift 1000020
Key Slash 2F Key_0 4F Key Control 1000021
Key 0 30 Key_P 50 Key Meta 1000022
Key 1 31 Key_Q 51 Key Alt 1000023
Key 2 32 Key_R 52 Key CapsLock 1000024
Key 3 33 Key_S 53 Key NumLock 1000025
Key 4 34 Key_T 54 Key ScrollLock 1000026
Key 5 35 Key_U 55 Key_Fl 1000030
Key 6 36 Key_V 56 Key_F2 1000031
Key_7 37 Key_W 57 Key_F3 1000032
Key_8 38 Key_X 58 Key_F4 1000033

Key_9 39 Key_Y 59 Key_F5 1000034
Key Colon Key_Z 5A Key_F6 1000035
Key_Semicolon 3B Key Backslash 5C Key_F7 1000036

Key_Less 3C Key_Escape 1000000 Key_F8 1000037
Key_Equal 3D Key_Tab 1000001 Key_F9 1000038
Key_Greater 3E Key_Backspace 1000003 Key_F10 1000039
Key_Question 3F Key Return 1000004 Key_Fll 100003A
Key_A 41 Key Enter 1000005 Key_F12 100003B

238 III.
else {
// -
}
break;
default ;
QWidget: ;keyPressEvent(); //
, <Z> <Shift>.
, modifiers ( ) , ,
. 14.1.
QFocusEvent
- ,
.
, , . QFocusEvent
.
focusinEvent focusOutEvent ( )
. QFocusEvent
, , ,
. ,
(focusInEvent()) (focusOutEvent( ) ) .
.
QPaintEvent
Qt (double buffering).
QWidget: : setAttribute(Qt : :WA_PaintOnScreen). ,
: ,

. ,
QPaintEvent. QPaintEvent
. ,
show ( ) ,
repaint ( ) update ( ) . paintEvent ( ) ,
.
. ,
,
.
region!) contains!) ,
. :
MyClass::paintEvent(QPaintEvent* )
{
QPainter painter(this);
QRect r(40, 40, 100, 100);
if (pe->region().contains(r)) {
painter.drawRect(r);
1
1
IV .
14. 239

,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
,
. , ,
, . ,
, , ,

.
QMouseEvent
, ,
,
.
mousePressEvent(), mouseMoveEvent(), mouseReleaseEvent() mouseDoubleClickEvent().
mousePressEvent ( ) ,
. , ,
, ,
. mouseMoveEvent { ) ,
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) .
mouseMoveEvent ( ) ,
.
.
, setMouseTracking ( ) QWidget,
true.
mouseDoubleClickEvent ()
.

globalxo, globalYO, () (),
. pos ( ) globalPos ( ) . pos ( )
QMouseEvent
. (
), globalPos ( ) .
button ( ) , ,
(. 14.3). buttons ()
. 14.3 . , ,
| () .
,
- <Ctrl>, <Shift> / <Alt>,
modifiers(), QinputEvent (. . 14.1 . 14.1).
240 III.
14.3. MouseButton Qt
NoButton 0
LeftButton 1
Right But ton 2
MidButton 4
mouseDoubleClickEvent () mouse PressEvent () ,

.
400 ,
setDoubleClicklnterval () QApplication.
.
14.1-14.3. . 14.2
<Ctrl>.
. 14.2. ,
main () ( 14.1)
MouseObserver resize () .
show ( ) .
14.1. main.cpp
#include "MouseObserver. h"

{
MouseObserver wgt;
.
wgt resize (250, 130);
wgt . show ( ) ;

14. 241
MouseObserver ( 14.2) :
mousePressEvent ( ) ;
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) ;
mouseMoveEvent ( ) .
dumpEvent ( ) .
( ) -
modifiersInfo ( ) buttonsInfo().
14.2. MouseObserver.h
#pragma once
// ====================================================================
class MouseObserver : public QLabel {
public:
MouseObserver(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
protected:
virtual void mousePressEvent (QMouseEvent* pe);
virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* pe);
virtual void mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent* pe);
void dumpEvent (QMouseEvent* pe, const QString& strMessage);

QString modifiersInfo (QMouseEvent* pe );
QString buttonslnfo (QMouseEvent* pe );
};
( 14.3) setAlignment ()
AlignCenter .
mousePressEvent(), mouseReleaseEvent ( ) mouseMoveEvent ( ) ,
,
dumpEvent ( ) ,
, .
modifiersinfo ( ) -,
modifiers ().
buttonslnfo().
dumpEvent() setText().
14.3. MouseObserver.cpp
#include "MouseObserver.h"
//
MouseObserver::MouseObserver(QWidget* pwgt /*= 0*/) : QLabel(pwgt)
{
setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
242 III.
setText("Mouse interactions\n(Press a mouse button)");
//
/*virtual*/void MouseObserver::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
dumpEvent(pe, "Mouse Pressed");
}
//
/*virtual*/void MouseObserver: rmouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
dumpEvent(pe, "Mouse Released");
//
/virtual*/ void MouseObserver::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
dumpEvent(pe, "Mouse Is Moving");
//
void MouseObserver::dumpEvent(QMouseEvent* pe, const QStrings strMsg)
{
setText(strMsg
+ "\n buttons()=" + buttonslnfo(pe)
+ "\n x()=" + QString::number(pe->x())
+ "\n y()=" + QString::number(pe->y())
+ "\n globalX()=" + QString::number(pe->globalX())
+ "\n globalY()=" + QString::number(pe->globalY())
+ "\n modifiers()=" + modifierslnfo(pe)
//
QString MouseObserver::modifierslnfo(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
QString strModifiers;
if(pe->modifiers() & Qt::ShiftModifier) {

strModifiers += "Shift ";
}
if(pe->modifiers() & Qt::ControlModifier) {
strModifiers += "Control ";
}
if(pe->modifiers() & Qt::AltModifier) {
strModifiers += "Alt";
}
return strModifiers;
14. 243
QString MouseObserver::buttonsInfo(QMouseEvent* )
{
QString strButtons;
if(pe->buttons() & Qt::LeftButton) {

strButtons += "Left ";
}
if(pe->buttons() & Qt::RightButton) {
strButtons += "Right
}
if(pe->buttons() & Qt::MidButton) {
strButtons += "Middle";
}
return strButtons;
}
QWheelEvent
, , ,
QWheelEvent,
QinputEvent (. . 14.1).
QWheelEvent , .
wheelEvent ( )
, , ,
. buttons(), pos()
giobaiPosO, QMouseEvent,
QWheelEvent delta(),
. , ,
.
enterEventQ leaveEventQ
,
. , , ,
. enterEvent ( ) QEvent
, . leaveEvent ( )
QEvent ,
.
. QTimerEvent
QTimerEvent , .
timerEvent().
. , ,
Qwidget, :
void MyClass::timerEvent(QTimerEvent* e)
{
if (event->timerld() == myTimerld) {
244 III.
// -
}
else {
QWidget::timerEvent(); //
37.
(drag & drop)

29.
.
QDragEnterEvent
QDragEnterEvent QDragMoveEvent (. . 14.1).
. ,
, , dragEnterEvent {) .
QDragLeaveEvent
QDragLeaveEvent ,
, , .
dragLeaveEvent ( ) .
QDragMoveEvent
,
.
dragMoveEvent ( ) .
QDropEvent
QDropEvent dropEvent ( )
.

QChildEvent
-.
childEvent ( ) , QObject.
QChildEvent: : child () .
QChildEvent: : added () QChildEvent: : removed!) -
-.
QCIoseEvent
QCIoseEvent .
QWidget :: close ( ) . QCIoseEvent
14. 245
closeEvent ( ) , ,
. ,
.
accept ( ) ignore ( ) ,
. accept ( ) ,
hide ( ) . ignore ( )
.
QHideEvent
.
hide ( ) , .
QHideEvent hideEvent ( ) .
QMoveEvent
QMoveEvent .
. QMoveEvent
moveEvent ( )
, pos ( ) oldPos ( ) .
QShowEvent
show ( ) .
QShowEvent showEvent ( ) .
QResizeEvent
.
QResizeEvent. resizeEvent ( )
, size()
oldSize ( ) .
:
;
-.
( 14.4) resizeEvent ( ) .
,
(. 14.3).
. 14.3. resizeEvent ()
246 III.
14.4 main (
ResizeObserver), resized.
resizeEvent ( ) ,
. size QSize,
( width ( ) height ( ) ).
QString::number () .
,
QLabel::setText().
14.4. main.cpp
// ======================================
class ResizeObserver : public QLabel {
public:
ResizeObserver(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QLabel(pwgt)
{
setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
}
protected:
virtual void resizeEvent(QResizeEvent* pe)
{
setText(QString("Resized")
+ "\n width()=" + QString::number(pe->size().width())
+ "\n height()=" + QString::number(pe->size().height())
);
//
{
ResizeObserver wgt;
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
}

, Qt,
, , Qt,
QEvent. QEvent
, -
14. 247
, QEvent::User ( 1000 . . 14.4),

.
. :
class MyEvent : public QEvent {
public:
MyEventO : QEvent((Type)(QEvent::User + 200))
(
1
QString info()
return "CustomEvent";
QCoreApplication::
sendEventO QCoreApplication::postEvent ( ) (. 16),
QObject::event() QObject::CustomEvent().
event()
,
, ( ) QCoreApplication
QApplication. QApplication ,
. event ( ) ,
,
, , mousePressEvent ( )
(. 14.4).
. 14.4.
248 III.
event ( ) , ,
. , ,
,
.
event ( ) , ,
. ,
,
. event ( ) ,
.
event () QEvent.
QEvent, ,
,
QEvent . event ( ) ,
. type ( ) .
(. 14.4),
.
14.4.

None 0 ThreadChange 22
Timer 1 WindowActivate 24
MouseButtonPress 2 WindowDeactivate 25
MouseButtonRelease 3 ShowToParent 26
MouseButtonDblClick 4 HideToParent 27
MouseMove 5 Wheel 31
KeyPress 6 WindowTitleChange 33
KeyRelease 7 WindowlconChange 34
Focusln 8 ApplicationWindowIconChange 35
FocusOut 9 ApplicationFontChange 36
Enter 10 ApplicationLayoutDirectionChange 37
Leave 11 ApplicationPaletteChange 38
Paint 12 PaletteChange 39
Move 13 Clipboard 40
Resize 14 Speech 42
Create 15 SockAct 50
Destroy 16 ShortcutOverride 51
Show 17 DeferredDelete 52
Hide 18 DragEnter 60
Close 19 DragMove 61
Quit 20 DragLeave 62
ParentChange 21 Drop 63
14. 249
14.4 ()
DragResponse 64 WindowUnblocked 104

ChildAdded 68 WindowStateChange 105
ChildPolished 69 MouseTrackingChange 109
ChildRemoved 71 ToolTip 110
ShowWindowRequest 73 WhatsThis 111
PolishRequest 74 StatusTip 112
Polish 75 ActionChanged 113
LayoutRequest 76 ActionAdded 114
UpdateRequest 77 ActionRemoved 115
UpdateLater 78 FileOpen 116
ContextMenu 82 Shortcut 117
InputMethod 83 WhatsThisClicked 118
AccessibilityPrepare 86 AccessibilityHelp 119
TabletMove 87 ToolBarChange 120
LocaleChange 88 ApplicationActivated 121
LanguageChange 89 ApplicationDeactivated 122
LayoutDirectionChange 90 QueryWhatsThis 123
Style 91 EnterWhatsThisMode 124
TabletPress 92 LeaveWhatsThisMode 125
TabletRelease 93 ZOrderChange 126
IconDrag 96 HoverEnter 127
FontChange 97 HoverLeave 128
EnabledChange 98 HoverMove 129
ActivationChange 99 AccessibilityDescription 130
StyleChange 100 ParentAboutToChange 131
IconTextChange 101 WinEventAct 132
ModifiedChange 102 MenubarUpdated 153
WindowBlocked 103 User 1000
event() , , , QWidget,
:
bool MyClass::event(QEvent* )
{
if (pe->type() == QEvent::KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent* pKeyEvent = static_cast<QKeyEvent*>(pe);
250 III.
if (pKeyEvent->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) {
// -
return true;
if (pe->type() == QEvent::Hide) {
// -
return true;
}
return QWidget::event(pe);
}
true ,
. . false
-.
, .

,
, (
). :
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
//
}
, ,
, , ,
, ,
.

(. 38). QCoreApplication::
processEvents ( ) , ,
. :
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
//
qApp->processEvents(); //
}

,
.
14. 251
-
, , . .
. ,
.
,
. ,
event ( ) , . event ( )
. ,

, ,
keyPressEvent ( ) . event ( )
QEvent, . QEvent ::type ( )
.

event(), .
.
,
. QPaintEvent ,
.
paintEvent( ).
mousePressEvent , mouseMoveEvent(),
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) mouseDoubleClickEvent ( ) .
giobalxo, globalYO, (), , pos()
globalPos().
keyPressEvent ( )
keyReleaseEvent () . keyPressEvent ( ) ,
. keyReleaseEvent ()
.
(),

.
15
, , .

, , ,
. Qt
,
, ,
/ .
QObject: : installEventFilter ( ) ,
, .
, ,
. ,
( ), .
,
.
, .
, , ,
- ,
.
, QObject .
, ,
.
,
, ,
, .

, QObject
eventFilter ( ) . ,
, .
: , ,
.
eventFilter true, ,
, false ,
, .
15. 253
( 15.1-15.3) ,
(. 15.1).
, .
EventFilter
1=1
' I
[QLineEdit |
~~1 EventFilter
QLabel
1 .=, I 0 53 1 1
EventFilter 1 1=]
Ij 11
[ QPushButton
. 15.1. ,
main (), 15.1, : QLineEdit, QLabel

QPushButton. installEventFilter
, .
, .

.
15.1. main.cpp
#include "MouseFilter.h"

{
QLineEdit txt("QLineEdit");
txt.installEventFilter(new MouseFilter(&txt));
txt.show();
QLabel lbl("QLabel");
1.installEventFilter(new MouseFilter(&lbl));
1.show();
QPushButton cmd("QPushButton");
cmd.installEventFilter(new MouseFilter(&cmd));
cmd.show();
return app.exec( );
1
15.2 eventFilter(),
, ,
. ,
, .
254 III.
15.2. MouseFilter.h
#pragma once
#include <QObject>
/ / =============================================
class MouseFilter : public QObject {
protected:
virtual bool eventFilter(QObject*, QEvent*);
public:
MouseFilter(QObject* pobj = 0);
15.3 eventFilter () QEvent::MouseButtonPress,

. ,
QMouseEvent.
button ( ) QMouseEvent, ,
. ,
, true .
false .
15.3. MouseFilter.cpp
#include "MouseFilter.h"
//
MouseFilter::MouseFilter(QObject* pobj/*= 0*/)
: QObject(pobj)
{
}
//
/*virtual*/bool MouseFilter::eventFilter(QObject* pobj, QEvent* pe)
{
if (pe->type() == QEvent::MouseButtonPress) {
if (static_cast<QMouseEvent*>(pe)->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
QString strClassName = pobj->metaObject()->className();
QMessageBox::information(0, "Class Name", strClassName);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
,
.
15. 255
, ,
.
installFilter ( ) QCoreApplication QApplication { ) .
, ,
.
,
, .
QCoreApplication::
notify () .
. Qt
,
.
. , QObject
eventFilter().
16

.
.

, . ,
, .

QCoreApplication: sendEventO postEvent().
, , .
, sendEvent ( ) ,
,
postEvent ( ) .
( 16.1 16.2),
<> <Z> (. 16.1).
. 16.1. ,
, 16.1, txt QLineEdit,

.
QKeyEvent. , ,
( QEvent: : Keypress).
, Keypress
KeyRelease ( ),
, ,
, , QLineEdit .
. -,
, Qt: :NoModifier ,
- (. . 14.1). ,
ASCII- (
65, , ).
, sendEvent ( )
, , ,
, , new, -
16. 257
keypress keyRelease,
.
16.1. main.cpp

{
QApplication app (argc, argv);
QLineEdit txt("User input: );

txt.show();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < Qt::Key_Z Qt::Key_A + 1; ++i) {
QChar ch = 65 + i;
int nKey = Qt::Key_A + i;
QKeyEvent keyPress(QEvent::KeyPress, nKey, Qt::NoModifier, ch);
QApplication::sendEvent(&txt, SkeyPress);
QKeyEvent keyRelease(QEvent::KeyRelease, nKey, Qt::NoModifier, ch);

QApplication::sendEvent(&txt, skeyRelease); }
return app.exec();
}
- ,
, 16.2.
16.2.
void mousePress(QWidget* pwgt,

int x,
int y,
Qt::MouseButton bt = Qt::LeftButton,
Qt::MouseButtons bts = Qt::LeftButton
)
{
if (pwgt) {
QMouseEvent* pePress =
new QMouseEvent(QEvent::MouseButtonPress,
QPoint(x, y),
bt,
bts,
Qt::NoModifier
);
QApplication::postEvent(pwgt, pePress);
258 III.
mousePressO ,
, ,
.
,
.
, QMouseEvent,
( pwgt)
postEvent().
.
.
15.

.
, ,
.
( 16.3 16.4) <Z>
<>. <Z>
(. 16.2). , ,
.
EvenlChamje
.

. 16.2. ,
16.3 QLineEdit show

pFilter, -
txt.
installEventFilter().
16.3. main.cpp
#include "KeyFilter.h"

{
QLineEdit txt;
txt.show();
KeyFilter* pFilter = new KeyFilter(&txt);

txt.installEventFilter(pFilter);
return app.exec();
16. 259
16.4 eventFilter () QEvent::

Keypress, .
QKeyEvent,
key ( ) ,
. <>.
true, , .
, eventFilter ( ) ,
, false, , ,
.
16.4. KeyFilter.h
#pragma once
/ / ==========================================================
class KeyFilter : public QObject {
protected:
bool eventFilter (QObject* pob j , QEvent* pe)
{
if (pe->type() == QEvent :: KeyPress) {
if (( (QKeyEvent* )pe)->key() == Qt::Key_Z) {
QKeyEvent keyEvent (QEvent ::KeyPress,
Qt : : Key_A,
Qt: :NoModifier,
"A"
);
QApplication : : sendEvent (pobj , & keyEvent ) ;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public:
KeyFilter (QObject* pobj = 0)
: QObject (pobj )
{
}
};
.
QApplication: : sendEvent ( ) QApplication: :
postEvent ( ) .
.
IV
, .

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. OpenGL
24.
25.
26.
27.
17

...
...
. . ,
.
, 70 % ,
.

, , , ,
.

.
, .
: QPoint QPointF.
X Y, X
, a Y .
, Qt , Y
(. 17.1).
QPoint , a QPointF
. , ,
, ,
. / /
Y. : ptl pt2 (. . 17.1):
QPoint ptl (10, 20);
QPoint pt2(20, 10);
QPoint pt3; // (0, 0)
pt3 = ptl + pt2;
. :
QPoint pt (10, 20) ;
pt *= 2; // pt = (20, 40)
264 IV.
. 17.1.
(X, Y) () ( ) .
setx ( ) setY().
, . :
QPoint pt(10, 20);
pt.rx() += 10; // pt = (20, 20)
== () ! = (
). :
QPoint pt1(10, 20);
QPoint pt2(10, 20);
bool b = (ptl == pt2); // b = true
, X Y ,
isNuii(). :
QPoint pt; // (0, 0)
bool b = pt.isNullO; // b = true
manhattanLength ( ) X Y.
:
QPoint pt(10, 20);
int n = pt.manhattanLength(); // n = 10 + 20 = 30
,
. 42 + Y2 .

QSize QSizeF .
. QPoint,
, /
/.
QSize QSizeF, QPoint, QPointF,
==, ! = isNuii ( ) , true ,
.
1 7. 265
width () height ().

setwidthO setHeight().
rwidth ( ) rheight ( ) . :
QSize size(10, 20);
int n = size.rwidth()++; // n = 11; size = (11, 20)
scale ( ) ,
.
(. 17.2), :
Qt:: ignoreAspectRatio ;
Qt : : KeepAspectRatio ,
;
Qt : :KeepAspectRatioByExpanding
scale(), .
. 17.2, sizel, size2 size3
:
QSize sizel(320, 240);
sizel.scale(400, 600, Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio); // => (400, 600)
QSize size2(320, 240);

size2.scale(400, 600, Qt: -.KeepAspectRatio); // => (400, 300)
QSize size3(320, 240);

size3.scale(400, 600, Qt: -.KeepAspectRatioByExpanding); // => (800, 600)
. 17.2.
266 IV.
QRect QRectF
( ) .
, , ( ) . ,
. 17.3, :
QPoint pt(10, 10);
QSize size(20, 10);
QRect r(pt, size);
X Y
( ) ( ) .
setx( ) setY().
size (), QSize.
, : width ( )
height () . setSizeO,
setwidth( ) setHeight().
. 17.3. . 17.4.

QLine QLineF , ,
.
xl ( ) yl ( ) , 2 ( ) 2().
pi ( ) 2 ( ) ,
QPoint/QPointF, . dx() dy()
X Y . ,
. 17.4, :
QLine line(10, 10, 30, 20);
QLine QLineF
==, !=
isNull (), true ,
.
1 7. 267
( ) , ,
. Qt QPolygon QPolygonF,
.
QVector<QPoint> QVector<QPointF>.

. (. 17.5),
:
QPolygon polygon;
polygon QPoint(10, 20) QPoint(20, 10) QPoint(30, 30);
. 17.5.
, , , ,
,
. ,
. ,
, ,
.
.
10 .

, . Qt : RGB
(Red, Green, Blue , , ), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow Key
color , , ) HSV (Hue, Saturation,
Value , , ).
QColor
QColor RGB HSV.
QColor. QColor
== ! =, .
268 IV.
RGB
, , .
RGB (Red, Green, Blue , , ).
, 255 (. 17.6)
( ).
. 17.6, .
, , . ,
, .
0 255 ( 0 1
), 0 , 255

.
,
. , ,
, .
RGB QColor
. QColor
, .
, ,
, . :
QColor colorBlue(0, 0, 255, 128);
QColor red ( ),
green ( ), blue ( ) alpha ( ) .
, : redF(), greenF(), blueF( ) alphaF(). -
1 7. 269
getRgb ( ) ,
, :
QColor color(100, 200, 0);
int , g, b;
color.getRgb(&r, &g, &b);
RGB , , ,
, set ( get, ),
. QRgb,
32- .
qRgb ( ) qRgba ( ) ,
, . QRgb
32- . ,
:
QRgb rgbBluel = qRgba(0, 0, 255, 255); //
QRgb rgbBlue2 = qRgb(0, 0, 255);
QRgb rgbBlue3 = OxOOOOOOFF;
qRed(), qGreen(), qBlue( ) qAlpha ( )

.
QRgb QColor setRgb ( ) :
QRgb rgbBlue = OxOOOOOOFF;
QColor colorBluel(rgbBlue);
QColor colorBlue2;
colorBlue2.setRgb(rgbBlue);
QRgb QColor
rgb().
, , :
QColor colorBluel("#0000FF");
QColor colorBlue2;
colorBlue2.setNameColor("#0000FF");
HSV
HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value , , )
, RGB,
. ,
, , .
,
(. 17.7). :
(Hue) ,
, , . ., ,
0 360 ;
(Saturation) .
0 255. , 255
, -
270 IV.
, .
, ,
128, 0,5 , ;
(Value) .
, .
0 255 ( 0 1
).
HSV
QColor::setHsv () QColor::setHsvF ():
color.setHsv(233, 100, 50);
HSV,
getHsv ( ) ( , getHsvF ( )).
RGB- HSV-
:
QColor color(100, 200, 0);
int h, s, v;
color.getHsv(&h, &s, &v);
CMYK
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key color
, ,
, ) .
, RGB,
1 7. 271
255 (. 17.8)
. RGB, ,
. ,
,
.
,
: , .
,
.
(Key color) .

, Key color, a Black. Black
,
(Blue), RGB.
CMYK ,
RGB HSV. QColor getCmyk ( ) getCmykF ( )
, setcmyk ( ) setCmykF ( ) .
( 256)
. .
. . 17.9 ,
RGB(200, 75, 13), 3.
272 IV.
. 17.9. ,

. 17.1 , Qt.
, 17 . ,
, ,
, .

19. , :
Qt::colorO Qt::colorl .
17.1. GlobalColor Qt
RGB-
black
white (255, 255, 255)
darkGray (128, 128, 128) -
gray (160, 160, 164)
lightGray (192, 192, 192) -
red (255, 0, 0)
green (0, 255, 0)

blue (0, 0, 255)
cyan (0, 255, 255)
magenta (255, 0, 255)
yellow (255, 255, 0)
darkRed (128, 0, 0) -
1 7. 273
17.1 ()
RGB-
darkGreen (0, 128, 0) -
darkBlue (0, 0, 128) -
darkCyan (0, 128, 128) -
darkMagenta (128, 0, 128) -
darkYellow (128, 128, 0) -
QColor lighter () darker (),

, . lighter ()
darker () , .
RGB HSV (Value)
( darker () ) ( ),
, RGB.
:
QColor color = QColor (Qt :: red) .darker (160) ;
,
.
Qt , .
QPoint/QPointF X ,
. QSize/QSizeF
. QRect/QRectF ,
QPoint/QPointF QSize/QSizeF. QLine/QLineF QPolygon/QPolygonF
.
Qt : RGB, CMYK HSV. RGB
,
: , . CMYK
. HSV : (Hue),
(Saturation) (Value), , , .
TrueColor .
, 8 .
,
.
QColor
, RGB,
CMYK HSV ( ), , .
18

.
,
?
,

, .
, ,
.

(Arthur) ,
QPainter OpenGL.
:
,
.
QPainter, QPaintEngine
QPaintDevice (. 18.1).
QPaintEngine QPainter QPaintDevice
,
. ,
.
, ,
QPainter. , , , (
), , , . ,
,
QPainter (antialiasing),
.
QPaintDevice
. QPaintDevice ,
. , . 18.2.
, QPaintEvent
(. 14). ,
, , ,
QWidget::paintEvent()
, . QPaintEvent
region ( ) , . QPaintEvent::
rect ( ) , .
18. 275
QPaintDevice
[QWidget
|j3CustomRasterPaintDevjcej
ljGtramebufferObject
'[QGLPixeIBuffer |
(Qlmagc |
fQSvgGenerator~|
QPixmap
| QBitmap
. 18.1.
. 18.2.
Qt (double
buffering).
.
(). ()
. ,
paintEvent().
, ,
- (. 17). 0 255.
0 , , 255
.
QPainter
QPainter, QPainter,
. , ,
. ,
QPaintDevice (. 18.3). , ,
, .
QPainter, ,
. ,
QPainter::begin(). begin ( ) ,
QPainter.
begin
QPainter::end ( ) ,
, ( 18.1).
276 IV.

QCustomRasterPaintDevice QPrinter QPicture QWidget QPixmap
QBitmap
Qlmage
QGLFramebufferObject
QGLPixelBuffer
QPainter
. 18.3. QPainter
18.1. QPainter
QPainter painterl;
QPainter painter2;
painterl.begin(this);
//
painterl.end();
painter2.begin(this);
//
painter2.end();
QPainter (
18.2).
18.2. QPainter
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(this); //
//
painter.end();
QPixmap pix(rect());
painter.begin(&pix); //
//
painter.end();
QPainter , .
, , ,
. . , , -
18. 277
QPainter : : save ( ) ,
QPainter : : restore ( ) .

Qt. .
. : ,
. QPainter: :setPen(),
QPen. ,
. 18.1.
18.1. PenStyle Qt
( = 4)
NoPen 0
SolidLine 1
DashLine 2
DotLine 3
DashDotLine 4
DashDotDotLine 5
,
. , , ,
QPen : : setwidth ( )
, .
, ,
NoPen. , ? ,
, ,
.
QPen: :setColor ,
QColor. ,
. QPainter
setPen ( ) :
QPainter painter (this) ;
painter . setPen (QPen (Qt :: red, 3, Qt :: DashLine) ) ;
setcapstyle ( ) ,
Qt : : Fiatcap (
), Qt : : SquareCap (
) Qt : : RoundCap ( ).

set Joinstyle ( ) , : Qt: : Miter join (
278 IV.
), Qt::BevelJoin ( )
Qt::RoundJoin ( ). .
,
. QBrush QBrush.
: .
QPainter::setBrush(),
QBrush , . 18.2.
, QPainter::setBrush ( ) NoBrush.
18.2. BrushStyle Qt ()
:
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::red, Qt::HorPattern));
. 18.2 ,
TexturePattern. ,
setTexture ( ) .
(. 18.4):
QPixmap pix(":/fruits.jpg");
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::black, pix));
painter.drawEllipse(0, 0, 300, 150);
18. 279
. 18.4.

.
,
.
. Qt
: (linear), (conical) (radial).
(linear) QLinearGradient.
(color stops) ,
. 18.3 .
18.3.
QLinearGradient gradient(0, 0, width(), height());
gradient.setColorAt(0, Qt::red);
gradient.setColorAt(0.5, Qt::green);
gradient.setColorAt(1, Qt::blue);
painter.setBrush(gradient);
painter.drawRect(rect());
18.3
. 0 1, 0
, 1 .
(. 18.5).
(conical) QConicalGradient
.
. 18.4
(. 18.6).
18.4.
QConicalGradient gradient(width() / 2, height() /2, 0);
gradient.setColorAt(0.8, Qt::blue);
280 IV.
painter.drawRect( rect());
. 18.5. . 18.6. . 18.7.

(radial) QRadialGradient
, . .
,
.
18.5, . 18.7.
18.5.
QPointF ptCenter(rect().center());
QRadialGradient gradient(ptCenter, width() / 2, ptCenter);
gradient.setColorAt(1, Qt::blue);
painter.drawRect( rect());
(Anti-aliasing)
, ,
, (. 18.8). ,
, , .
(Anti-aliasing).
, ,
, .
, .
.
QPainter setRenderHint():
painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
18. 281
. 18.8. () ()
,
,
. , drawRect ( )
.
, .
, . ,
, (0,5; 0,5).
(0; 0), QPainter 0,5,
(0,5; 0,5).
. ,
(50; 50),
(49,5; 49,5), (49,5; 50,5), (50,5; 49,5) (50,5; 50,5).
(49,5; 49,5),
.

. 18.6
(. 18.9).
18.6. drawPoint()
painter.set Pen(QPen(Qt::black, 3) );
int n = 8;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
qreal fAngle =2 * 3.14 * i / n;
282 IV.
qreal = 50 + cos(fAngle) * 40;

qreal = 50 + sin(fAngle) * 40;
painter.drawPoint(QPointF(x, ));
. 18.9. . 18.10. . 18.11.

(. 18.10)
drawLine () , (xl, yl) (2, 2)
QPointF ( 18.7).
18.7. drawLine ()
painter.drawLine(QPointF(10, 10), QPointF(90, 90));
drawPolyLine ( ) , ,
. , (
). . 18.8
, . 18.11.
18.8. drawPolylineO
int n = 8;
QPointF a[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
qreal x = 50 + cos(fAngle) * 40;
a[i] = QPointF(x, y);
}
painter.drawPolyline(a, n);
18. 283

,
. Qt
: fillRecto eraseRecto.
. fillRecto .
(, ) (, ) .
.
eraseRect ( ) ,
. , .
, filiRect ()
, paietteBackgroundCoior . 18.9
filiRect ( ) eraseRect ( ) , . 18.12.
18.9. fillRecto eraseRecto
QBrush brush(Qt::red, Qt::Dense4Pattern);
painter.filiRect(10, 10, 100, 100, brush);
painter.eraseRect(20, 20, 80, 80);
. 18.12. . 18.13.

, QPen QBrush.
, ,
QPainter;:setBrush() QBrush::NoBrush.
QPainter::setPen ( )
QPen::NoPen.
drawRecto (. 18.13).
: (, ) , .
QRect ( 18.10).
18.10. drawRecto
284 IV.
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::red, Qt::DiagCrossPattern));
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::blue, 3, Qt::DashLine));
painter.drawRect(QRect(10, 10, 110, 70));
drawRoundRect ( ) (. 18.14).
.
,
X Y . ,
100 .
QRect ( 18.1 1).
18.11. drawRoundRect ()
painter.setBrush(QBrush(green));
painter.setPen(QPen(black));
painter.drawRoundRect(QRect(10, 10, 110, 70), 30, 30);
. 18.14. . 18.15.

drawEllipse () (. 18.15),
( 18.12).
18.12. drawEllipse ()
painter.setBrush(QBrush(green, QBrush::CrossPattern));
painter.setPen(QPen(red, 3, QPen::DotLine));
painter.drawEllipse(QRect(10, 10, 110, 70));
drawChordO (. 18.16).
, ,
. ,
. .
()
. .
, ( 18.13).
18. 285
. 18.17. . 18.18.

18.13. drawChord()
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::yellow));
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::blue));
painter.drawChord(QRect(10, 10, 110, 70), 45 * 16, 180 * 16);
(. 18.17).
. drawPieO
. .
( 18.14).
18.14. drawPieO
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::black, Qt::BDiagPattern));
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::blue, 4));
painter.drawPie(QRect(10, 10, 110, 70), 90 * 16, 270 * 16)
drawPolygon() (. 18.18),
( 18.15).
18.15. drawPolygon ()
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::lightGray));
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::black));
int n = 8;
QPolygonF polygon;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
qreal x = 50 + cos(fAngle) * 40;
polygon QPointF(x, y);
}
painter.drawPolygon(polygon);
286 IV.

QPicture ,
QPainter.
( ), ,
.
, . 18.16
myline.dat.
18.16.
QPicture pic;
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(&pic)
painter.drawLine(20, 20, 50, 50);
painter.end()
if (!pic.save("myline.dat")) {
qDebugO "can not save the file";
1
18.17
. drawPicture ( ) .
, ,
QPicture.
18.17.
QPicture pic;
if (!pic.load("myline.dat")) {
qDebugO "can not load the file";
1
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(this)
painter.drawPicture(QPoint(0, 0), pic);
painter.end()

QPainter
. ,
, (. 18.19).
, ,
. .
QPainter : translated, scaled,
18. 287
rotate shear . ,
. , ,
, ,
.
QPainter Qt
save ( ) restore ( ) .
QPainter. save ( ) ,
.
restore ( ) QPainter . :
pPainter->save();
pPainter->translate(20, 40);
pPainter->restore();
. QPainter
translated, .
,
Y.
,
.
,
. ,
20 10 :
QPainter painter;
painter.translate(20, 10);
288 IV.
scale ( )
: . ,
. ,
, :
QPainter painter;
painter.scale(1.5, 0.5);

. QPainter rotate ( ) ,
double, .
, .
, ( ) 30 :
QPainter painter;
painter.rotate(30.0);
.
,
QPainter shear ( ) .
. :
QPainter painter;
painter.shear(0.3, 0.0);

QPainter .
,
QPainter ;:setTransform().
,
,
QPainter , .
:
QTransform mat;
mat.scale(0.7, 0.5);
mat.shear(0.2, 0.5);
mat.rotate(15);
painter.setTransform(mat);
painter.drawText(rect(), Qt::AlignCenter, "Transformed Text");
18. 289
3x3:
Mil 12
21 22
Dx Dy
,
, 12, 21, 22, Dx Dy,
QTransform . . 18.3
. ,
QPainter translate ( 20 , 10 ) :
QTransform mat (1, 0, 0, 1, 20, 10);
painter. setTransform (mat) ;
18.3.
1 cos () 1

Ml 2 0 sin () 0

M21 0 -sin () 0

2 2 1 cos () 1

Dx 0 0 0

Dy 0 0 0

(painter path)
:
, .
, , ,
, QPainter: :drawPath() . 18.18
, : ,
(. 18.20).
18.18.
QPainterPath path;
QPointF ptl (width() , height () / 2) ;
QPointF pt2 (width () / 2, -height!) );
QPointF pt3 (width () / 2, 2 * height ());
QPointF pt4 (0, heightO / 2) ;
path . moveTo (ptl) ;
path.cubicTo (pt2, pt3, pt4);
290 IV.
QRect rect(width() / 4, height)) / 4, width)) / 2, height)) / 2);

path.addRect(rect);
path.addEllipse(rect);
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::blue, 6));
painter.drawPath(path);
. 18.20. . 18.21.
(
). ,
.
setClipRect ( ) . setClipRect ( ) .
18.19 (. 18.21).
18.19.
painter.setClipRect (0, 0, 100, 100);
painter.setBrush(QBrush(Qt::green));
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::black, 2));
painter.drawEllipse(0, 0, 200, 100);
QPainter::setciipRegion()
QPainter::setClipPath().
setciipRegion ( ) QRegion.
. ,
(10, 10),
, 100:
QRegion region(10, 10, 100, 100);
18. 291
, ,
:
QRegion region (10, 10, 100, 100, QRegion: :Ellipse) ;
,
. . :
QRegion region (QPolygon ( ) QPoint(0, 100)
QPoint(100, 100)
QPoint(100, 0)
QPoint(0, 0)
);
QRegion ,
united ( ) , intersected ( ) , subtracted ( ) xored ( ) :
united!) ,
;
intersected ,
;
subtracted ,
;
xored , ,
.
:
QRegion regionl(10, 10, 100, 100);
QRegion region2(10, 10, 100, 100, QRegion: :Ellipse) ;
QRegion region3 = regionl .subtract (region2) ;
painter. setClipRegion (region3) ;
(composition mode)

.
.
, , ,
. . 18.22.
QPainter: : setCompositionMode ( ) .
QPainter: :CompositionMode_
SourceOver.
,
- , ,
.
1 ( ) , 18.20,
,
. setFixedSizef)
,
rect.
292 IV.
(sourceimage) (resultimage) .
, QPainter::drawPolygon(),
, .
QPainter::drawEllipse ( ) ,
. QPainter::setCompositeMode () ,
1 ( ) mode, (sourceimage)
QPainter::drawimage ( ) .
QLabei::setPixmap ( )
. .
. 18.22.
18.20. main.cpp. 1 ()
QLabei* lbl(const QPainter::CompositionModes mode)

{
QLabei* plbl = new QLabei;
plbl->setFixedSize(100, 100);
QRect rect(plbl->contentsRect());
QPainter painter;
Qlmage sourceimage(rect.size(), Qlmage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);

painter.begin(&sourceImage);
painter.setBrush(QBrush(QColor(0, 255, 0)));
painter.drawPolygon(QPolygon() rect.bottomLeft()
QPoint(rect.center().x(), 0)
rect.bottomRight ()
);
painter.end();
Qlmage resultimage(rect.size(), Qlmage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);

painter.begin(sresultlmage);
18. 293
painter.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceOver);
painter.setPen(QPen(QColor(0, 255, 0), 4));
painter.setBrush(QBrush(QColor(255, 0, 0)));
painter.drawEllipse(rect);
painter.setCompositionMode(mode);
painter.drawlmage(rect, sourcelmage);
painter.end();
plbl->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromlmage(resultlmage));
return plbl;
, 18.21,
( 1 ( ) ) ,
.
(layout) (pgrd) (wgt).
18.21. main.cpp. man()

{
QWidget wgt;
//Layout Setup
QGridLayout* pgrd = new QGridLayout;
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_Source), 0, 0);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>Source</CENTER>"), 1, 0);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceOver), 0, 1);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>SourceOver</CENTER>"), 1, 1);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceIn), 0, 2);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>SourceIn</CENTER>"), 1, 2);
pgrd->addWidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceOut), 0, 3);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>SourceOut</CENTER>"), 1, 3);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_SourceAtop), 0, 4);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>SourceAtop</CENTER>"), 1, 4);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_Clear), 0, 5);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>Clear</CENTER>"), 1, 5);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_Destination), 2, 0);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>Destination</CENTER>"), 3, 0);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_DestinationOver), 2, 1);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>DestinationOver</CENTER>"), 3, 1);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_DestinationIn), 2, 2);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>DestinationIn</CENTER>"), 3, 2);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_DestinationOut), 2, 3);
pgrd->addWidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>DestinationOut</CENTER>"), 3, 3);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_DestinationAtop), 2, 4);
pgrd->addwidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>DestinationAtop</CENTER>"), 3, 4);
pgrd->addwidget(lbl(QPainter::CompositionMode_Xor), 2, 5);
pgrd->addWidget(new QLabel("<CENTER>Xor</CENTER>"), 3, 5);
294 IV.
wgt.setLayout(pgrd);
wgt.show();
return app.execO;

,
QGraphicsitem (. 21).
setGraphicsEffeet ( ) .
QGraphicsEffect. : (blur),
(colorization), (drop shadow) (opacity).
, QGraphicsEffect
(. 18.23).
,
, QGraphicsEffect
draw ( ) , ,
. draw ( ) QPainter,
.
,
(. 22).
, 18.22 18.23
(. 18.24).
1(), 18.22,
. ,
setGraphicsEffeet () . ,
, , ,
.
.
18.22. main.cpp. 1 ()
QLabel* 1 (QGraphicsEffect* pge)

{
QLabel* plbl = new QLabel;
plbl->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/happyos.png"));
if (pge) {
plbl->setGraphicsEffect(pge);
}
return plbl;
}
, 18.23,
( pBlur, pshadow pCoiorize).
QFormLayout , .
18. 295
] 18.24 |D I
QGraphicsEffect
f QGraphicsBlurEffect
\ QGraphicsColorizeEffect
f QGraphicsDropShadowEffect |
| QGraphicsOpacityEffect
. 18.23. . 18.24.
: (Blur), (Drop Shadow)
(Colorize)
18.23. main.cpp. main ()

{
QWidget wgt;
QGraphicsBlurEffect* pBlur = new QGraphicsBlurEffect;
QGraphicsDropShadowEffect* pShadow = new QGraphicsDropShadowEffect;
QGraphicsColorizeEffect* pColorize = new QGraphicsColorizeEffect;
//Layout Setup
QFormLayout* pform = new QFormLayout;
pform->addRow("No Effects", lbl(O));
pform->addRow("Blur", 1 (pBlur));
pform->addRow("Drop Shadow", 1 (pShadow));
pform->addRow("Colorize", 1 (pColorize));
296 IV.
wgt.setLayout(pform);
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
}
QPainter ,
QPaintDevice. QPainter , ,
, , (. 20) . QPainter
. ,
. .
QPicture, , ,
.
,
. ,
Qt, .
Qt : , .
.
,
.
QPainter
, , .
.
QRegion , .
,
.
.
, QGraphicsEffect,
.
19
,
. , .
,
, .

,
. Qt : PNG, BMP, ICO, TGA, TIFF,
XBM, XPM, PNM, JPEG, MNG, GIF, PNM, PBM, PGM PPM.
.
!

, ,
. , Windows
qgif.dll, qico.dll, qjpeg.dll, qtiff.dll, qtga.dll, qw.bmp
<MyApplication>/imageformats/. Linux ,
MacOSX macdeployqt, .
Windows windeployqt.
.
BMP
BMP (. Bit )
Windows.
,
.
. BMP
(API) Windows. BMP

, Qt
.
298 IV.
GIF
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format, )
.
,
LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch, : -
, ). GIF .
8-
, LZW-.
PNG
PNG (Portable Network Graphics, )
GIF ,
. PNG
PNG's Not GIF (PNG GIF). Web-
, ,
GIF. PNG ,
. GIF,
. ,
48 .

GIF
MNG, PNG.
JPEG
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group,
(, ),
. 1991 1993 .,
. ,
, , ,
,
.

(XPixMap) , XII (UNIX).
, , -
, .

.
24- .

, ,
.
Qt, -
19. 299
(. 3) ,

, , PNG JPEG.
. 19.1 ,
, , (),
{).
/* */
static const char* image_xpm[]
{
/* width height ncolors
charsj>erpixel */
"16 16 4 1",
" c #000000",
". c #848200",
"+ c #848284",
"0 c #d6d3ce" ,
"0 0
. @@@@@@@@ @ +'
"0 +'
"0 @@@@@@@0 . + '
@@@@@@@0 + '
"0 . @@@@@@@0 . +'
"0 . @0000000
@@@@@@@0 . +T
"0 . . . . +'
"0 +*
. +'
"0 .. 00 . +'
"0 .. 00 . +'
"0 .. @0 . +'
"@@ +'
" @0++++++++++++++
};
. 19.1.
/**/, .
image_xpm, .

( 16x16 ).
( 4).
.
, #,
RGB (
HTML). ,
color ().

s,
. , , None,
.
. 19.1 ,
, -
, -
@.
.
300 IV.
-
-
, , ,
. ,
,
.
Qlmage
Qlmage -
. QPaintDevice,
, QPainter.
Qlmage , . 19.1.
19.1. Format Qlmage

Format Invalid
Format Mono .
,

Format MonoLSB .
,

Format Index8
8- (. 17)
Format_RGB32 .
-
OxFF,
Forma t_ARGB32 32
Format ARGB32 Premultiplied Format ARGB32,
Qlmage

format () .
convert ToFormat ( ) ,
Qlmage.
, ,
. ,
320 240 32 .
Qlmage img(320, 240, Qlmage: : Forma t_RGB32) ;
Qlmage ,
, Qlmage.
Qt,
, . :
Qlmage img ( "lisa . jpg" ) ;
19. 301
. ,
, . 19.1, :
#include "image_xpm.h"
Qlmage img(image_xpm);
load().
,
. ,
.
unsigned char*,
: GIF, BMP, JPG, , PNG.
, Qimage
. :
Qlmage img;
img.load("lisa.jpg");
save()
Qimage . , ,
. :
Qlmage img(320, 240, 32, QColor::blue);
img.save("blue.jpg", "JPG");

, Unisys LZW,
GIF, GIF
. Qt
GIF.
Qimage ,
. RGB- ( X , Y)
pixel(, ). RGB-
QRgb (. 17). :
QRgb rgb = img.pixel(250, 100);

pixeiindex ( ) (. 17) (X,
). ,
8 .
(X, Y) RGB-
setPixel(x, , rgb).

, 8 , rgb
(. 17),
setColor().
:
QRgb rgb = qRgb(200, 100, 0);
img.setPixel(20, 50, rgb);
302 IV.
Qimage ,
.

(. . 19.1).
, ,
, .
Qimage , .
scanLineO ,
, . ,
0 , .
( 19.1-19.3),
brightness ( ) ,
. . 19.2.
E 19-2 = I El H-S.-,!
f r 0
1 )
. 19.2. /
brightness!) ( 19.1) :
, .
( imgTemp).
.
width!) height!). 0 height!).
scanLine ( ) tempLine.
width ( ) .
, qRed ( ) , qGreen ( ) , qBlue ( )
RGB , ( ).
- .
, g, b . ,
(tempLine), QRgb, qRgba ( )
,
0 255.
.
imgTemp.
19.1. brightness ()
Qimage brightness (const Qlmages imgOrig, int n)

{
Qimage imgTemp = imgOrig;
qint32 nHeight = imgTemp. height () ;
qint32 nWidth = imgTemp . width () ;
19. 303
for (qint32 = 0; < nHeight; ++) {

QRgb* tempLine = reinterpret_cast<QRgb*>(imgTemp.scanLine());
for (qint32 x = 0; x < nWidth; ++x) {

int r = qRed(*tempLine) + n;
int g = qGreen(*tempLine) + n;
int b = qBlue(*tempLine) + n;
int a = qAlpha(*tempLine);
tempLine++ = qRgba(r > 255 ? 255 r < 0 ? 0 r

g > 255 ? 255 g < 0 ? 0 g
b > 255 ? 255 b < 0 ? 0 b
a
return imgTemp;
}
( 19.2)
happyos.png , .
setPixmapO ,
brightness .
addwidget().
19.2. man()

{
Qlmage img(":/happyos.png");
QWidget wgt;
QHBoxLayout* phbx = new QHBoxLayout;

phbx->setMargin(0);
phbx->setSpacing(0);
for (int i = -150; i < 150; i += 50) {

plbl->setFixedSize(img.size());
plbl->setPixmap(QPixmap: rfromlmage(brightness(img, i)));
phbx->addwidget(plbl);
1
wgt.setLayout(phbx);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
304 IV.
Qimage QPainter::
drawimage ( ) . Qimage , drawimage ( )
- ( QPixmap). 19.3
(0, 0) (. 19.3).
19.3.

Qimage img(" : /lisa.jpg" ) ;
painter .drawimage (0, 0, img);
. 19.3. Qimage . 19.4. Qimage

,
drawimage (). 19.4
, (30, 30)
1 10, 100 (. 19.4).
19.4.

Qimage img (": /lisa. jpg ) ;
painter .drawimage (0, 0, img, 30, 30, 110, 100);
invertPixels Qimage: zinvertRgb,

. Qimage : : invertRgba
, -. 19.5
, . 19.5.
19. 305
19.5.
Qlmage img(":/lisa.jpg");
painter.drawlmage(0, 0, img);
img.invertPixels(Qlmage::InvertRgb);
painter.drawlmage(img.width(), 0, img);
. 19.5.
scaled
. Qt : : IgnoreAspectRatio Qt::KeepAspectRatio,
, 17. 19.6
,
. 19.6.
19.6.
Qlmage imgl(":/lisa.jpg");
painter.drawlmage(0, 0, imgl);
Qlmage img2 =
imgl.scaled(imgl.width() / 2, imgl.height(), Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio);
painter.drawlmage(imgl.width(), 0, img2);
Qlmage img3 =
imgl.scaled(imgl.width(), imgl.height() / 2, Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio);
painter.drawlmage(0, imgl.height(), img3);
306 IV.
Qlmage img4 =
imgl.scaled(imgl.width() / 2, imgl.height(), Qt::KeepAspectRatio);
painter.drawImage(imgl.width(), imgl.height(), img4);
. 19.6.
Qlmage
. mirrored
, .
mirrored , ,
. 19.7 , .
. 19.7.
19.7.
Qlmage img(":/lisa.jpg");
painter.drawlmage(0, 0, img);
painter.drawlmage(img.width(), 0, img.mirrored(true, true));
19. 307
. 19.7.
Qlmage
, Qimage .
,
. Qimage
32-, . .
: Qimage::Format_ARGB32 Qimage::FormatARGB32_Premultiplied. Qimage::
FormatARGB32_Premultiplied ,
. 19.8.
. 19.8
.
19.8 paintEventO
Qimage , size ( ) .
. 19.8.
308 IV.
QPainter begin Qimage

. initFromO
, , , . . setRenderHint()
QPainter::Antialiasing, true
, (false , ).
eraseRecto , .
, rect().
drawEilipse ( ) . end()
Qimage
. begin ( ) . ,
drawimage ( ) Qimage .
19.8. Qimage
void ImageDraw::paintEvent(QPaintEvent* pe)

{
Qimage img(size(), Qimage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(&img);
painter.initFrom(this);
painter.eraseRect(rect());
painter.drawEilipse(0, 0, size().width(), size().height());
painter.end();
painter.begin(this);
painter.drawimage(0, 0, img);
painter.end();
)
-
-
, -,
. -
QPainter.
, ,
() , ,
.
QPixmap
QPaintDevice.
QPixmap. ,
.
, ,
QPixmap, ,
QPainter, .
19. 309
.
:
QPixmap pix(320, 240);
QPixmap
.
QPixmap : : def aultDepth ( ) .
. :
QPixmap pix (": /forest . jpg" ) ;
QPixmap, Qimage,
:
# include "image_xpm.h"
QPixmap pix ( image_xpm) ;
QPixmap , ,
.
.
Qimage.
QPainter
: load save .
Qimage ( ).
QPainter: :
QPixmap
drawPixmap ( ) . 19.9
drawPixmap ( ) . ,
. ,
. . 19.9.
. 19.9. QPixmap
310 IV.
19.9.
QPixmap pix(":/forest.jpg");
painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, pix);
QRect r(pix.width(), 0, pix.widthO / 2, pix.height());

painter.drawPixmap(r, pix);
QPixmapCache
QPixmap.
, .
insert ( ) QPixmap .
,
. - find ( ) ,
. ,
,
.
QBitmap
QBitmap QPixmap QBitmap.
,
, . ,
: Qt::color0 Qt::colori. (bi-level).
.
QPixmap
QPixmap ,
, QPixmap::setMask().
, , .
QBitmap.
QPainter, colorO,
colori. ,
. ,
.
( 1 9.1 0) ,
(. 19.10).
19.10 paintEvent .
QPixmap,
( size ).
pix begin ( ) . drawPixmap()
pix stein.jpg,
end().
19. 311
. 19.10.
bmp,
. fill ()
Qt: icolorO ( ). ,
Qt::color1, , , ,
, .
pix setMaskO,
.
19.10.
QPixmap pix(size());
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(&pix);
painter.drawPixmap(rect(), QPixmap(":/stein.jpg"));
painter.end();
QBitmap bmp(size());
bmp.fill();
painter.begin(sbmp);
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::colorl));
painter.setFont(QFont("Times", 75, QFont::Bold));
painter.drawText(rect(), Qt::AlignCenter, "Draw Text");
painter.end();
pix.setMask(bmp);
painter.begin(this);
painter.drawPixmap(rect(), pix);
painter.end();

QWidget, QPixmap, setMask ( ) .
, .
( 19. 1 1), . 19.1 1 .
312 IV.
. 19.11.
19.1 1 window. pix

. setPixmapO ,
, window QLabei.
19.11. main.cpp. maln()

{
Window win;
QPixmap pix(:/images/unixoids.png");
win.setPixmap(pix);
win.setMask(pix.mask());
win.show();
return app.exec();
}
, GIF, PNG XMP,

. load ( ) ,
setMask().
, QLabei
Qt::FramelessHint.
. window ( 19.12)
mousePressEvent ( ) mouseMoveEvent ( ) ,
, . m ptPosition
.
19. 313
19.12. main.cpp
class Window : public QLabel {

private:
QPoint m_ptPosition;
protected:
virtual void Window::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
m_ptPosition = pe->pos();
}
virtual void Window::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)

{
move(pe->globalPos() - m_ptPosition);
}
public:
Window(QWidget* pwgt = 0)
: QLabel(pwgt, Qt::FramelessWindowHint | Qt::Window)
{
}
};
, ,
: QPixmap createHeuristicMask(),
, .
,
.
,
. ,
.
, .
. setAttribute()
Qt::WA_TranslucentBackground.
( 19.13),
. 19.12. .
.
. 19.12.

314 IV.
19.13 (1)
, .
Qt::WA_TranslucentBackground. ,
, .
, 16x16 , ,
,
clicked () QCoreApplicaion::quit ( ) .
(
pvbx).
19.13. main.cpp. Window

{
QLabel 1;
1 .setWindowFlags(Qt::Window I Qt::FramelessWindowHint);
1 .setAttribute(Qt::WA_TranslucentBackground);
1 .setPixmap(QPixmap(": /happyos.png"));
QPushButton* pcmdQuit = new QPushButton("X");

pcmdQuit->setFixedSize(16, 16);
QObject connect(pcmdQuit, SIGNAL(clicked()), &app, SLOT(quit()));
//setup layout
QVBoxLayout* pvbx = new QVBoxLayout;
pvbx->addWidget(pcmdQuit);
pvbx->addStretch(l);
1.setLayout(pvbx);
1 .show();
return app.exec();
1
Qt .
, BMP, GIF, PNG, JPEG, XPM .
.
, .
Qt -
-.
- Qimage.
Qimage , ,
.
19. 315
,
. Qimage ,
, : ,
, . QPainter
Qimage , , . .
- QPixmap.
Qimage.
QPixmap QPainter.
, .
QPixmap QBitmap
.
20
, ,
, , ,
, .
,
. ,
.
. ,
. ,
. ().
( ).
.
.
,
.

.
Qt QFont .
:
;
;
;
;
.
QFont QWidget: : set Font ()
, .
, QFont
QApplication: :set Font ( ) .
Qt : QFontDataBase, QFontinfo
QFontMetrics:
QFontDatabase
. families (),
QStringList. QFontDatabase
stylestring ( ) QFontinfo;
20. 317
QFontinfo .
family . italic bold
, ( ) ;
QFontMetrics ,
. 20.1.
leftBearing()

rightBearing()

width(QChar)

ascentQ
height()

width(QString) descent)) lineSpacing()

. 20.1.
QFontMetrics QFont,
. leftBearing( ) rightBearing( )
. linespacing ()
. width(const QStrings, int len)
, , ,
.
width().
height . :
( )
QFontMetrics fm(QFont("Courier", 18, QFont::Bold));

QString str = "String";
qDebugO "Widht:" fm.width(str)
"Height:" fm.height();

ascent () descent!) .
(
), ,
.
boundingRect ( ) , QRect,
, .
318 IV.

QPainter QPainter::setFont ()
QFont. QPainter 7 drawText ( )
, :
drawText(int , int , const QStrings str)
psz.
,
;
drawText(const QPoints pt, const QStrings psz, int nLen = -1)
,
QPoint. nLen ,
. -1 ,
.
20.1 Draw Text (. 20.2).
20.1. setFont() drawText()
painter.setFont(QFont("Times", 25, QFont::Normal));
painter.drawText(10, 40, "Draw Text");
_ DrawText
[a | l]
"
. 20.2.
Draw Text
QPainter
drawText()idrawText(const QRect& , int flags, const QStrings str)
str .
flags .
, . 7.1 20.1,
| ().
20.1. TextFlag Qt

TextSingleLine 0x0100 ( \)
TextDontClip 0x0200 , ,
,
TextExpandTabs 0x0400 \t
TextShowMnemonic 0x0800 & ,

20. 319
20.1 ()

TextWordWrap 0x1000 ,

20.2 (. 20.3).

, ,
Textwordwrap .
drawRect ( )
.
. 20.3.
20.2. setFont()y drawRect () drawText ()

QRect r(0, 0, 120, 200);
.
painter set Font (QFont ("Times", 25, QFont: : Normal) ) ;
painter .drawRect (r);
painter .drawText (r, Qt : :AlignCenter | Qt ::TextWordWrap, "Draw Text");
. 20.4. ,
(. 18), . 20.4.
( )
QGradient : : setColorAt ( ) ,
:
QLinearGradient gradient (0, 0, 500, 0) ;
.
gradient setColorAt ( 0 , Qt :: red) ;
.
gradient setColorAt (0.5, Qt : : green) ;
.
gradient setColorAt (1, Qt : : blue ) ;
QPen.
QPainter setPen()n
set Font ( ) , drawText ( ) :
320 IV.
painter.setPen(QPen(gradient, 0));
painter.set Font(QFont("Times", 50, QFont::Normal));
painter.drawText(60, 60, "Gradient Text);
, , ,
. , ,
. , ,
, .
elidedTextO QFontMetrics ( 20.3). . 20.5
, ,
, , .

_
This is a lon...ze the window

. 20.5.
20.3.
// =====================================================================
class ElidedText : public QWidget {
protected:
virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent*)
{
QString str = "This is a long text. Please, resize the window";
QString strElided =
fontMetrics().elidedText(str, Qt::ElideMiddle, width());
painter.drawText(rect(), strElided);
}
public:
ElidedText(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
}
};
//
{
ElidedText et;
et.resize(200, 20);
et.show();
return app.exec();
20. 321
20.3 paintEvent () ( str).

elideText ,
Qt::ElideMiddle (
. 20.2). ,
drawText().
20.2. TextElideMode Qt

ElideLeft 0x0000
ElideRight 0x0001
ElideMiddle 0x0002
ElideNone 0x0003
.
, , ().
QFont .
QFontinfo .
QFontDataBase , .
QFontMetrics ,
, .
QPainter , ,
. , , .
21
. ...
! , .
,
,
.
.
.
,
/ . ,
(collision detection). ,
QTableWidget, QTreeWidget QListWidget (. 11), ,
- (Model-View) (. 12).
QObject QPaintDevice
QWidget
QFrame
3
QAbstractScroMAreaJ
~| QGraphicsView |
[ QGraphicsScene
. 21.1.
:
QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsView (. 21.1),
QGraphicsltem (. 21.2).
: QGraphicsScene
,
QGraphicsltem, QGraphicsView ,
QAbstractScroiiArea. (
QGraphicsScene),
(. 21.3).
21. 323
QGraphicsItenJ
QAbstractGphicsShapeltemJ
D
[ QGraphiesRectltem
D
IGphicsPolygonltemJ
"GphicsItemGroufj
[QGpfdicsLineltem J
_
QGraphicsObject
[ QGraphicsTextltem QDeclarativeParserStatus
f QDeclarativeltem
[ QGraphicsSvgltem QGraphicsLayoutltem
QGraphicsWidget
_
JOGphicsWebVieJ
. 21.2.
_ TreeWidget _ Tree Widget
m ft *
! 1 2
\ t /
-
. 21.3.
324 IV.
(QGraphicsScene)
. - ,
QGraphicsScene .
, ,
.
.
changed ( )
, .
(QGraphicsScene) , ,
, QGraphicsitem (. . 21.2).
.
QGraphicsScene : : addltem ( ) .
addEllipse ( ) ,
addLineO, addPathO, addPixmapO, addPolygon ( ) , addRectO addTextf),
, .
,
QGraphicScene : : items ().
, QGraphicScene: :itemAt(),
, .
QGraphicsScene
QRectF.
.
QGraphicsview ,
(QGraphicsScene).
(QGraphicsScene)
QGraphicsview. , QGraphicsview
QAbstractScrollArea, ,
. , QGraphicsScene,
.
, .
QGraphicsview ,
.
,
.
,
QGraphicsview: : centerOn ( ) , .
, , QGraphicsview
QAbstractScrollArea,
(viewport) . Qwidget
QGLWidget (. 23)
. -
21. 325
QAbstractScrollArea::setviewPort ( ) . ,
, OpenGL,
:
pView->setViewport(new QGLWidget);
, setMatrixf),
, .
QGraphicsitem (. . 21.2).
, (drag & drop),
(collision detection).
:
setPos ( ) ;
: hide ( ) show ( ) ;
/ setEnable ( );
: rotate ( ) , scale ( ) , translate ( ) , shear ( ) setMatrix ( ) ;
paint ( ) .
, .
(. . 21.2)
, QGraphicsitem
paint() boundingRect( ).
, QAbstractGraphicsShapeitem,
: (QGraphicsEilipseitem),
(QGraphicsPolygonltem), (QGraphicsRectltem) (QgraphicsSimple-
Textitem). - , ,
, QAbstractGraphicsShapeitem.
, . 21.2
. QGraphicsSimpleTextltem QGraphicsTextltem.
QGraphicsSimpieTextitem
. ,
QGraphicsTextltem,
, .
(GraphicsLineitem),
(QGraphicsPixmapItem), (QGraphicsSvgltem).
QGraphicsitemGroup .
21.1 (. 21.4).
QGraphicsScene QGraphicsView.
view scene,
QGraphicsView: :setScene ( ) .
( pRectitem)
QGraphicsScene, .
QGraphicsScene : : additem ( ) . setPen ( )
326 IV.
. ,
, setBrush ( ) . setRect ( )
. QGraphicsScene::
addPixmap(), QGraphicsScene::addText ( ) QGraphicsScene::addLine ( )
, .
. 21.4. ,
,
setFlagsO QGraphicsitem::
ItemlsMoveable.
, show()
.
21.1. main.cpp

{
QGraphicsScene scene(QRectF(-100, -100, 300, 300));
QGraphicsView view(sscene);
QGraphicsRectltem* pRectltem =
scene.addRect(QRectF(-30, -30, 120, 80),
QPen(Qt::black),
QBrush(Qt::green)
);
pRectItem->setFlags(QGraphicsitem::ItemlsMovable);
QGraphicsPixmapItem* pPixmapItem =
scene.addPixmap(QPixmap(":/haus.jpg"));
pPixmap!tem->setFlags(QGraphicsitem::ItemlsMovable);
21. 327
QGraphicsTextltem* pTextltem =
scene.addText("Move us with your mouse");
pTextItem->setFlags(QGraphicsItem::ItemlsMovable);
QGraphicsLineltem* pLineltem =
scene.addLine(QLineF(-10, -10, -80, -80), QPen(Qt::red, 2));
pLineItem->setFlags(QGraphicsItem::ItemlsMovable);
view.show();
return app.exec();
, , ,
. -
, :
QGraphicsLineltem* pLineltem =
scene.addLine(QLineF(-10, -10, -80, -80), QPen(Qt::red, 2));
QGraphicsTextltem* pTextltem = scene.addText("Child");
pTextItem->setParentItem(pLineltem);
,
, , ,
, :
QGraphicsTextltem* pTextltem = scene.addText("Shear");
pTextItem->shear(-0.5, 0.0);
,
.
QGraphicsItem .
QGraphics::shape( ) QGraphicsItem::
collideswitho . ,
QGraphicsItem::shape () .
. QGraphicsItem
.
, .
QGraphicsView QAbstractScrollArea,
. ,
. ,
. , ,
QGraphicsView::scene(), ,
, .
- ,
. , .

. :
328 IV.
, ,
, .
, ,
. . . 21.5
, .
QEvent
QGraphicsSceneEvent
[ QGraphicsSceneContextMenuE vent |
f QGraphicsSceneQragOropEvent
[ QGraphicsSceneHelpEvent
[ QGraphicsSceneHoverEvent
[ QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent
[ QGraphicsSceneWhelEvent
. 21.5.
, , ,
(QGraphicsHoverEvent)
(QGraphicsContextMenuEvent).
(drag & drop).
, ,
setAcceptDrops ( ) .
dragEnterEvent( ) , dragMoveEvent(), dragLeaveEvent( ) dropEvent ( ).
, QDrag,
, .
,
- . ,
QGraphicsSceneEvent::widget ( ) .
.
( 21.2-21.4),
. 21.6. :
;
;
;
.
21.2 Myview,
QGraphicsView. Myview ,
,
(. 21.4).
21. 329
. 21.6. ,
21.2. MyView.h
#pragma once
#include <QGraphicsView>
// ================================================
class MyView: public QGraphicsView {
Q_OBJECT
public:
MyView(QGraphicsScene* pScene, QWidget* pwgt = 0)
: QGraphicsView(pScene, pwgt)
{
}
public slots:
void slotZoomln()
{
scale(1.1, 1.1);
}
void slotZoomOut()
{
scaled / 1.1, 1 / 1.1);
}
330 IV.
void slotRotateLeft()
{
rotate(-5);
}
void slotRotateRight()
t
rotate(5);
}
simpieitem, 21.3,
. boundingRect ( )
, .
, ,
(penwidth).
paint ( ) . ,
3 .
QPainter setPenO,
save ,
restore().
mousePressEvent ( ) ,
, , ,
mousePressEvent ( )
.
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) .

mouseReieseEvent ( ) .
21.3. main.cpp. Simpieitem
class Simpieitem : public QGraphicsItem {

private:
enum (nPenWidth = 3};
public:
virtual QRectF boundingRect() const
(
QPointF ptPosition(-10
nPenWidth, -10
nPenWidth);
QSizeF size(20 + nPenWidth * 2, 20 + nPenWidth * 2);
return QRectF(ptPosition, size);
}
virtual void paint(QPainter* ppainter,

const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem*,
QWidget*
)
21. 331
{
ppainter->save();
ppainter->setPen(QPen(Qt::blue, nPenWidth) );
ppainter->drawEllipse(-10, -10, 20, 20);
ppainter->restore();
}
virtual void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent* pe)

(
QApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::PointingHandCursor);
QGraphicsItem: imousePressEvent(pe);
}
virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent* pe)

(
QApplication::restoreOverrideCursor();
QGraphicsItem::mouseReleaseEvent(pe);
}
main(), 21.4, (scene),

( pview), ( pSimpleitem pPixmapitem) ,
( pcmdRotateLeft pcmdRotateRight),
( pcmdzoomin pcmdzoomOut ).
setRenderHint ( )
, (
).
simpieitem
QGraphicsScene::additem ( ) , setPosO .
,
setFlags ( ) QGraphicsItem::itemisMovable.
( pPixmapitem)
setParent () , ,
simpieitem. setFlags
. , ,
-. , ,
, ,
,
, .

Myview, QVBoxLayout
wgt.
21.4. main.cpp. main()

{
332 IV.
QWidget wgt;
QGraphicsScene scene(QRectF(-100, -100, 640, 480));
MyView* pView = new MyView(sscene);

QPushButton* pcmdZoomln = new QPushButton("&Zoom In");
QPushButton* pcmdZoomOut = new QPushButton("Z&oom Out");
QPushButton* pcmdRotateLeft = new QPushButton("SRotate Left");
QPushButton* pcmdRotateRight = new QPushButton("Ro&tate Right");
pView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
Simpleltem* pSimpleltem = new Simpleltem;

scene.addltem(pSimpleltem);
pSimpleItem->setPos(0, 0);
pSimpleItem->setFlags(QGraphicsItem::ItemlsMovable);
QGraphicsPixmapItem* pPixmapItem =
scene.addPixmap(QPixmap(":/haus2.jpg"));
pPixmapItem->setParentItem(pSimpleltem);
pPixmapItem->setFlags(QGraphicsItem;:ItemlsMovable);
QObject;:connect(pcmdZoomln, SIGNAL(clicked()),
pView, SLOT(slotZoomln())
);
QObject::connect(pcmdZoomOut, SIGNAL(clicked()),
pView, SLOT(slotZoomOut())
);
QObject::connect(pcmdRotateLeft, SIGNAL(clicked()),
pView, SLOT(slotRotateLeft())
);
QObject::connect(pcmdRotateRight, SIGNAL(clicked()),
pView, SLOT(slotRotateRight())
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pView);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdZoomln);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdZoomOut);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdRotateLeft);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdRotateRight);
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
21. 333

QGraphicsScene
, , , ,
,
. , ,
,
, ,
.

.

(. 21.7).
( 21.5) (scene)
(view). Quit
addwidget(), QGraphicsProxyWidget.
,
QTransform. translate () ,
rotate ( ) scale( ) . rotate ( )
, , ,

, Y (Qt::YAxis).
( pproxywidget) setTransformO .
QDial QProgressBar. -
, , , Quit
quit ( ) , valueChanged ( ) Qdial setvalue( )
QProgressBar.
334 IV.
15 Z. , ,
, .
21.5. . main.cpp

{
QGraphicsScene scene(QRectF(0, 0, 400, 400));
QGraphicsView view(sscene);
QPushButton cmd("Quit");
QGraphicsProxyWidget* pproxyWidget = scene.addwidget(&cmd);
QTransform transform = pproxyWidget->transform();
transform.translate(100, 350);
transform.rotate(-45, Qt::YAxis);
transform.scale(8, 2);
pproxyWidget->setTransform(transform);
QObject::connect(&cmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), &app, SLOT(quit()));
QDial dia;
dia.setNotchesVisible(true);
pproxyWidget = scene.addwidget(&dia);
transform = pproxyWidget->transform();
transform.rotate(-45, Qt::YAxis);
QProgressBar prb;
prb.setFixedSize(500, 40);
pproxyWidget = scene.addwidget(&prb);
transform = pproxyWidget->transform();
transform.translate(20, 200);
transform.rotate(80, Qt::YAxis);
transform.rotate(30, Qt::XAxis);
QObject;:connect(&dia, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int )),

sprb, SLOT(setValue(int))
);
view.rotate(15);
view.show();
return app.exec();
21. 335
,
,
. QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsView, QGraphicsItem
,
. -
. QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsView.
QGraphicsScene ,
.
,
.
, QGraphicsItem,
, , ,
. .
. (QGraphicsItem)
QGraphicsScene.
22
.
. ,
.
, .
,
.
QMovie
QPixmap,
. QMovie,
.
QPixmap Qimage. MNG
GIF. , , ,
27, QtMultimedia, , .
QMovie .
.
.
: setPaused(bool),
setSpeed(), stop( ) start().
setPausedo true ,
false .
stateChanged ( ) .
QMovie::start ( ) , a stop ( ) .
state(),
:
QMovie : : Paused , ;
QMovie : : Running , ;
QMovie : : NoRunning .
22. 337
,
frameCount () . ,
currentPixmapO current image () ,
QPixmap Qlmage.
QLabel. QLabel
setMovie ( ) , .
, 22.1, (. 22.1).
. 22.1.
22.1, 3 : (),
(lbi) (mov),
motion. mng. setMovie ()
. resize () , .
( show ( ) ) start { ) .
22.1. main.cpp

{
QLabel lbl;
QMovie mov mot i on . mng" ) ;
.
lbl setMovie ( &mov) ;
.
lbl resize (328, 270);
.
lbl show ( ) ;
mov. start ( ) ;

338 IV.
SVG-
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics).
2001 W3C (World Wide Web
Consortium).
XML ,
. SVG
Web-.
Qt QtSvg. ,
( pro)
, QT += svg. SVG-
QSvgwidget. SVG-
QSvgwidget, load ( ) . load ( ) ,
, QByteArray.
QSvgRenderer,
, , ,
, . QSvgRenderer
Qimage QGlwidget.
22.2
QSvgwidget (. 22.2). QSvgwidget
SVG- motion.svg, .
show ( ) , . repaintNeeded ( )
QSvgRenderer repaint QSvgwidget ,
QSvgwidget.
. 22.2.
22. 339
22.2. main.cpp
# include <QtSvg>
int main(int argc, char **argv)

{
QSvgWidget svg ( ":/motion.svg");

svg.show ();
QObject::connect (svg.Tenderer(), SIGNAL(repaintNeeded ( ) ),

&svg, SLOT(repaint () )
);
return app.exec ();

}

Qt ,
, , , , ,
. . Qt
, ,
( 34).
,
QTimer, QTimeLine QGraphicsItemAnimation.

.
,
,
.
.
Graphicsview.
, . 22.3.
QAbstractAnimation ,
, start ( ), stop( ) pause ( )
, . stateChanged ( )
, .
QAbstractAnimation : QVariantAnimation,
QAnimationGroup QPauseAnimation. Variant QVariantAnimation
, , , ,
, .
QVariantAnimation QPropertyAnimation,
, .

(. 22.4), ( 22.3).
340 IV.
addAnimation
i>)fQAbstrctAmmatiorJ
QTransition
[[QPauseAnimation j
fQAnimationGroup J
addTransition()
QState
QVariantAnimation
J
|QPropertyAnimation 1
:
QObject
Graphics Object
. 22.3. . 22.4.
22.3 QLabel
setPixmapO .
(. 18) setGraphicsEffect () .
(anim)
effect, "color",
. setstartvalue ( ) ,
setKeyValueAt ( ) 0 1,
setEndValue ( )
.

,
.
, ,
.
setDuration ( )
. 3000 , , 3 .
setLoopCount ( ) ,
, ,
. , start ( ) .
22.3. main.cpp.

{
QLabel lbl;
22. 341
1 .setPixmap(QPixmap (":/happyos.png" ));
QGraphicsColorizeEffect effect;
lbl.setGraphicsEffect (seffect);
QPropertyAnimation anim(&effeet, "color");

anim.setStartValue(QColor(Qt ::gray) );
anim.setKeyValueAt(0.25f, QColor(Qt::green) );
anim.setKeyValueAt (0.5f, QColor(Qt::blue) );
anim.setKeyValueAt (0.75f, QColor(Qt::red) );
anim.setEndValue(QColor(Qt ::black) );
anim.setDuration(3000);
anim.set LoopCount (-1);
anim.start ();
lbl.show ( );
return app.exec ();

}
QAnimationGroup.
. ,
, QObject.
. ,
. , ,
, . ,
, .
, ,
22.4.
22.4.
QParallelAnimationGroup* pgroupl = new QParallelAnimationGroup;

pgroupl->addAnimation(paniml);
pgroupl->addAnimat ion(panim2 );
QSequentialAnimationGroup* pgroup2 = new QSequentialAnimationGroup;
pgroup2->addAnimation(panim3);
pgroup2->addAnimation(panim4 );
pgroup2->addAnimation(panim5);
pgroup2->addAnimation(groupl);
pgroup2->start ();
22.4 ( QParallelAnimationGroup)
addAnimationO : paniml
panim2. ( QSequentialAnimationGroup)
, addAnimationO
, . start ( )
.
342 IV.

,
. (Easing Curves)
,

. (
22.5), (. 22.5).
=> 111 2
_
, -Wiru-).Wrf? -
I ' ED
2
-
*
' cn : ED 2
L!rJ
-
(=)
i1 0 2
[Animated Window2
. 22.5.
22.5 (lbil 12)

( paniml panim2).
"geometry" , "pos"
.
, ( setDurationO).
setstartvalue ( ) setEndValue ( )
. QRect,
QPoint. setEasingCurve ()
. , :
inOutExpo OutBounce. , ,
( group).
addAnimationO (
setLoopCount ( ) ). , start ( )
.
22.5.

22. 343

QLabel lbll("Animated Windowl");
QLabel lbl2("Animated Window2");
QPropertyAnimation* paniml =
new QPropertyAnimation(slbll, "geometry");
paniml->setDuration(3000);
paniml->setStartValue(QRect(120, 0, 100, 100));
paniml->setEndValue(QRect(480, 380, 200, 200));
paniml->setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve::InOutExpo);
QPropertyAnimation* panim2 = new QPropertyAnimation(&12, "pos");

panim2->setDuration(3000);
panim2->setStartValue(QPoint(240, 0));
panim2->setEndValue(QPoint(240, 480));
panim2->setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve::OutBounce);
QParallelAnimationGroup group;
group.addAnimation(paniml);
group.addAnimation(panim2);
group.setLoopCount(3);
group.start();
lbll.show();
lbl2.show();
return app.exec();
. 22.1 ,
, setEasingCurve ( )
. ,
QEasingCurve .
22.1.
Linear OutExpo
InQuad InOutExpo
\
344 IV.
22.1 ()
OutQuad
Y/ OutlnExpo
InOutQuad InCirc
J
OutlnQuad
/ OutCirc

InCubic j InOutCirc
f
OutCubic
r OutlnCirc
,
InOutCubic
f InElastic j
OutInCubic
r7 OutElastic
p,
InQuart
\J InOutElastic
x
22. 345
22.1 ()
OutQuart OutlnElastic
InOutQuart
InBack j
OutlnQuart
1 OutBack

InQuint
J InOutBack
f
OutQuint
OutlnBack
InOutQuint
f InBounce
J
OutInQuint
7 OutBounce
r
InSine InOutBounce
/
346 IV.

22.1 ()
OutSine OutlnBounce
/
InOutSine
/ InCurve
/
OutlnSine _, OutCurve
/
InExpo j SineCurve
A
CosineCurve
%

(States) .
,
.
.
, ,
.
, , . .,
, - , .
.
(Transitions).
.
, : off On (

22.6). Off . Push
,
. 22.6.
22. 347
. 22.6.
22.6 ,
(wgt), setFixedSize ()
. ( pibioff pibion)
( phbx).
,
.
( QStateMachine),
. , QState, off
( pstateoff). assignProperty ()
. off
Off , a On . setinitiaistate ( ) ,
pstateoff, .
On assignProperty ,
, .
addTransitionO ,
, , .
off On
,
Push. On, .
addTransction ( ) QSignalTransition,
.
( paniml panim2) On off
addAnimation() ( ptransl ptrans2).
start().
22.6. main.cpp.

{
QWidget wgt;
wgt.setFixedSize(300, 50);
wgt.show();
348 IV.
QLabel* plblOff = new QLabel("Off");

QLabel* plblOn = new QLabel("On");

phbx->addwidget(plblOn);
phbx->addStretch(1);
phbx->addwidget(plblOff);
wgt.setLayout(phbx);
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("Push", &wgt);

pcmd->setAutoFillBackground(true);
pcmd->show();
int nButtonWidth = wgt.widthO / 2;
QStateMachine* psm = new QStateMachine;
QState* pStateOff = new QState(psm);

QRect recti(0, 0, nButtonWidth, wgt.height());
pStateOff->assignProperty(pcmd, "geometry", recti);
pStateOff->assignProperty(plblOff, "visible", true);
pStateOff->assignProperty(plblOn, "visible", false);
psm->setInitialState(pStateOff);
QState* pStateOn = new QState(psm);

QRect rect2(nButtonWidth, 0, nButtonWidth, wgt.height());
pStateOn->assignProperty(pcmd, "geometry", rect2);
pStateOn->assignProperty(plblOff, "visible", false);
pStateOn->assignProperty(plblOn, "visible", true);
QSignalTransition* ptransl =
pStateOff->addTransition(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), pStateOn);
QSignalTransition* ptrans2 =
pStateOn->addTransit ion(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), pStateOff);
QPropertyAnimation* paniml =
new QPropertyAnimation(pcmd, "geometry");
ptransl->addAnimation(paniml );
QPropertyAnimation* panim2 =
new QPropertyAnimation(pcmd, "geometry");
ptrans2->addAnimation(panim2);
psm->start();
return app.exec( );
22. 349
.
,
.
QMovie,
.
setMovie ( ).
SVG
QtSvg, QSvgwidget.
Qt .

, , , . .,
. ,
,
.
.
.
, .
, ,
, ,
.
23
OpenGL
, .
.
, , ,
.

.
,
, ( ), ,
, .
.
OpenGL ,
Silicon Graphics 1992 . ,

. , ,
, . ,
OpenGL
(Anti-aliasing) .
,
.
OpenGL , ,
OpenGL- ,
(rendering
context) . OpenGL Qt
,
OpenGL- .
OpenGL Qt- QtOpenGL.
Arthur, QPainter (. 18)
OpenGL.
OpenGL .
OpenGL.
OpenGL
OpenGL -.
, .
23. OpenGL 351
OpenGL gl, GL_.

, . ,
gicolor3f() ,
(. 23.1). OpenGL,
, *. ,
: gicolor* ( ).
, , ,
gicolor.
glColor3f(...)

-
OpenGL,
. 23.1. OpenGL
. 23.1 OpenGL , .
23.1. OpenGL
OpenGL C++
GLbyte Char
S GLshort Short
i GLint Int
f GLfloat float
d GLdouble double
ub GLubyte unsigned byte
us GLushort usnigned short
ui GLuint unsigned int
GL_ GLenum Enum
v , .
, giCoior3fv()
:
GLfloat [] = { 1.Of, O.Of, O.Of}
glColor3fv(a);
352 IV.
Qt OpenGL
Qt OpenGL QtOpenGL,
:
QGL OpenGL;
QGLWidget Qwidget.
OpenGL . QGLWidget
QPainter (. 18);
QGLFormat OpenGL.
Qwidget.
QGLWidget : : format ( ) ;
QGLContex OpenGL ( ).
QGLWidget .
QGLWidget:: context ( ) ;
QGLColormap
;
QGLPixelBuffer OpenGL (pbuffer).
OpenGL-
OpenGL, QGLWidget,
OpenGL. QGLWidget
, , : initializeGLO,
resizeGL( ) paintGL ( ) . QGLWidget virtual protected.
initializeGL ( ) .
, OpenGL. , ,
QGLWidget, OpenGL.
resizeGL(int width, int height)
resizeEvent () .
, , QGLWidget.
.
paintGL
paintEvent ( ) .
,
. , ,
resizeGL .
( 23.1-23.7),

(. 23.2).
. 23.2.
23. OpenGL 353
23.1 QT (. 3),
opengl. ,
QtOpenGL.
23.1. OGLQuad.pro
TEMPLATE =
QT += opengl widgets
HEADERS = OGLQuad.h
SOURCES = OGLQuad.cpp \
main.cpp
TARGET = ../OGLQuad
, 23.2, OGLQuad,
QGLWidget.
23.2. main.cpp
(include "OGLQuad.h"

{
OGLQuad oglQuad;
oglQuad.resize(200, 200);
oglQuad.show( );
return app.exec();
}
23.3 OGLQuad , QGLWidget,

: initializeGL(), resizeGL() paintGL().
23.3. OGLQuad.h
((pragma once
((include <QGLWidget>
// ====================================================
class OGLQuad : public QGLWidget {
protected:
virtual void initializeGL( );
virtual void resizeGL (int nWidth, int nHeight);
virtual void paintGL ( );
public:
OGLQuad(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
);
354 IV.
, 23.4, ,
pwgt .
23.4. OGLQuad.cpp. OGLQuad
OGLQuad::OGLQuad(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QGLWidget(pwgt)

{
)
23.5 qgiciearcoior ( )
. Qt QCoior OpenGL,
.

OpenGL glClearColor().
qglClearColor()
QCoior.
23.5. OGLQuad.cpp. initializeGL ()
/*virtual*/void OGLQuad::initializeGL()
{
qglClearColor(Qt::black);
}
23.6 giMatrixMode ( )
. , .
giLoadidentity ( ) .
OpenGL , .
(modelview matrix)
, (projection matrix)
.
, .
resizeGLO , (viewport).
glviewPort ( ) -
( ).
.
glOrtho ( ) .
, ,
.
23.6. OGLQuad.cpp. resizeGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLQuad::resizeGL(int nWidth, int nHeight)

{
giMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
giLoadidentity();
glViewport(0, 0, (GLint)nWidth, (GLint)nHeight);
glOrtho(0, 100, 100, 0, -1, 1);
)
23. OpenGL 355
giciearo
(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) (GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT).
.
, qgicolor ( ) .
OpenGL . ,
, .
giBegin( ) .
GL QUADS ,
( 23.7). gicoior* ( ) ,
givertex* ( ) ,
. giBegin ( ) giEnd().
, , OpenGL
,
. glShadeModel ( ) .
GL FLAT , GL_SMOOTH
.
23.7. OGLQuad.cpp. paintGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLQuad::paintGLO
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT I GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
giBegin(GL_QUADS);
glColor3f(l, 0, 0);
glVertex2f(0, 100);
glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
glVertex2f(100, 100);
glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
glVertex2f(100, 0);
glColor3f(l, 1, 1);
glVertex2f(0, 0);
giEnd();
}

FTP-
- ftp://ftp.bhv.ru/9785977533461.zip
www.bhv.ru (. 4 ).
OpenGL-

QGLWidget Qwidget, ,
.
356 IV.
show ( ) showFullScreen ( ) .
.
, ,
, show ( ) showFullScreen < ).
OpenGL-
.
OpenGL
OpenGL
, , ,
. .
( 23.8-23.14) ,
(. 23.3).
. 23.3. ,
23.8 oglDraw OGLDraw.
23.8. main.cpp
iinclude "OGLDraw.h"

{
OGLDraw oglDraw;
oglDraw.resize(400, 200);
oglDraw.show();
return app.exec();
23. OpenGL 357
OGLDraw QGLWidget
: initializeGLO, resizeGLO paintGLO ( 23.9).
draw(), , .
.
23.9. OGLDraw.h
#pragma once
#include <QGLWidget>
/ / ====================================================
class OGLDraw : public QGLWidget {
protected:
virtual void initializeGL( );
public:
OGLDraw(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
void draw(int xOffset, int yOffset, GLenum type);

};
23.10 OGLDraw,
, - QGLWidget.
23.10. OGLDraw.cpp. OGLDraw
OGLDraw::OGLDraw(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QGLWidget(pwgt)

{
}
23.1 1 initializeGLO
.
23.11. OGLDraw.cpp. initializeGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLDraw::initializeGL()
{
qglClearColor(Qt::white);
}
23.12 resizeGL() 23.6.
23.12. OGLDraw.cpp. resizeGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLDraw::resizeGL(int nWidth, int nHeight)

{
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
358 IV.
glLoadldentity();
glOrtho(0, 400, 200, 0, -1, 1);
23.13 paintGLO,
draw() (. 23.14).
, .
, , :
GL POINTS , ;
GL LINES , ,
, ;
GL_LINE_STRI , ,
. ,
;
GL LINE LOOP ,
;
GL TRIANGLE STRIP . ,
, ;
GL_POLYGON ;
GL QUADS
;
GL_TRIANGLES .
23.13. OGLDraw.cpp. paintGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLDraw::paintGLO
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
draw(0, 0, GL_POINTS);
draw(100, 0, GL_LINES);
draw(200, 0, GL_LINE_STRIP);
draw(300, 0, GL_LINE_LOOP);
draw(0, 100, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);

draw(100, 100, GL_POLYGON);
draw(200, 100, GL_QUADS);
draw(300, 100, GL_TRIANGLES);
23.14. OGLDraw.cpp. draw
void OGLDraw::draw(int xOffset, int yOffset, GLenum type)

{
int n = 8;
23. OpenGL 359
glPointSize(2);
glBegin(type);
glColor3f(0, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
float fAngle =2 * 3.14 * i / n;
int x = (int)(50 + cos(fAngle) * 40 + xOffset);
int = (int)(50 + sin(fAngle) * 40 + yOffset);
glVertex2f(x, y);
glEnd();
)
23.14 draw(),
type , .
glPointSize () .
2. glColor* ( ) .
glvertex* ( ) .

( 23.15-23.23)
,
, X Y
(. 23.4).
( 23.15) OpenGL-
OGLPyramid.
. 23.4.
23.15. main.cpp
(include <QApplication>
((include "OGLPyramid.h"

{
OGLPyramid oglPyramid;
oglPyramid.resize(200, 200);
oglPyramid.show( );
return app.exec();
360 IV.
OGLPyramid ( 23. 1 6) m nPyramid,

.

,
, .
,
QPicture.
.
m xRotate, m yRotate X Y.
m_ptPosition .
, QGLWidget,
mousePressEvent() mouseMoveEvent() .
createPyramid() .
23.16. OGLPyramid.h
#pragma once
#include <QGLWidget>
// ==================================
class OGLPyramid : public QGLWidget {
private:
GLuint m_nPyramid;
GLfloat m_xRotate;
GLfloat m_yRotate;
QPoint m_ptPosition;
protected:
virtual void initializeGL ( );
virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* pe );
virtual void mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent* pe );
GLuint createPyramid (GLfloat fSize = l.Of );
public:
OGLPyramid(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
};
OGLPyramid ( 23.17)
-
QGLWidget.
23.17. OGLPyramid.cpp. OGLPyramid
OGLPyramid::OGLPyramid(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QGLWidget(pwgt)

, m_xRotate(0)
, m_yRotate(0)
{
23. OpenGL 361
qgiciearcolor ( )
( 23. 1 8). glEnableO
.
, , gishadeMode ( ) GL FLAT,
.
createPyramidt) (. 23.23)
, m nPyramid. ,
, .
23.18. OGLPyramid.cpp. inltializeGLO
/*virtual*/void OGLPyramid::initialized,()
{
qglClearColor(Qt::black);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
gishadeMode1(GL_FLAT);
m_nPyramid = createPyramid(1.2f);
}
23.19 giviewPorto
. glMatrixMode ( ) .
giLoadidentity ( )
. giFrustum .
, , , , .

Z .
23.19. OGLPyramid.cpp. resized, ()
/*virtual*/void OGLPyramid::resized,(int nWidth, int nHeight)

{
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
giLoadidentity();
glFrustum(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
}

, ( 23.20).
giLoadidentity .
glTranslate ( ) Z 3 .
giRotate ( ) X Y ,
m xRotate m yRotate. glCallListo
.
23.20. OGLPyramid.cpp. paintdO
/*virtual*/void OGLPyramid::paintGL()
{
giciear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
362 IV.
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadldentity();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 3.0);
glRotatef(m_xRotate, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

glRotatef(m_yRotate, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glCallList(m_nPyramid);
)
m ptPosition
( 23.21).
23.21. OGLPyramid.cpp. mousePressEvent()

/*virtual*/void OGLPyramid::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
}
( 23.22)
X . updateGL ( ) ,
. m ptPosition
.
23.22. OGLPyramid.cpp. mouseMoveEventO
/*virtual*/void OGLPyramid::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)

{
m_xRotate += 180 * (GLfloat)(pe->y() m_ptPosition.y()) / height();
m_yRotate += 180 * (GLfloat)(pe->x() m_ptPosition.x()) / width();
updateGL();
}
createPyramid ( )
( 23.23). glGenListsO
.
glNewList . , GL COMPILE, ,
. , glNewList giEndListo,
. GL TRIANGLE FAN
, .
. , ,
. GL QUADS
.
23.23. OGLPyramid.cpp. createPyramid()
GLuint OGLPyramid::createPyramid(GLfloat fSize/*=l.Of*/)

{
GLuint n = glGenLists(1);
23. OpenGL 363
glNewList(n, GL_COMPILE);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
qglColor(Qt::green);
glVertex3f(0.0, fSize, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-fSize, -fSize, fSize);
glVertex3f(fSize, -fSize, fSize);
qglColor(Qt::yellow);
glVertex3f(fSize, -fSize, -fSize);
qglColor(Qt::blue);
glVertex3f(-fSize, -fSize, -fSize);
qglColor(Qt::white);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
qglColor(Qt::red);
glVertex3f(fSize, -fSize, fSize);
glVertex3f(fSize, -fSize, -fSize);
glVertex3f(-fSize, -fSize, -fSize);
glEnd();
glEndList();
return n;
)
OpenGL API.
, 22 . Qt
OpenGL. Qt- OpenGL
QGLWidget : initializeGLO, resizeGLO
paintGLf).
OpenGL .
OpenGL . ,
.
,
show ( ) showFullScreen().
24
,
; , ,
.
. .

. ,
: ,
,
. . Qt ,
.
QPrinter
QPrinter . ,
QPaintDevice, .
QPainter,
. QPrinter, ,
, Qt Print Support,
pro- :
QT += printsupport
QPrinter , ,
QPaintDevice. , , ,
. . Qt ,
. QPrint Dialog
(. 32). :
setOrientation ( ) ,
: QPrinter: : Portrait QPrinter: : Landscape
;
setNumCopies ( ) ;
setFromTo ( ) ;
setColorMode ( ) - .
QPrinter: : Color, -
QPrinter: Grayscale;
24. 365
setPageSize () .
, . 24.1.
24.1. Pagesize QPr inter

() ()
()
841x1189 1030x1456 32x45
1 594x841 1 728x1030 5 163x229
2 420x594 2 515x728 CommlOE 105x241
297x420 364x515 DLE 110x220
4 210x297 4 257x364 Executive 191x254
5 148x210 5 182x257 Folio 210x330
105x148 128x182 Ledger 432x279
7 74x105 7 91x128 Legal 216x356
8 52x74 8 64x91 Letter 216x279
9 37x52 9 45x64 Tabloid 279x432
.
setOutputFileName ( ) . ,
,
.
setDocName ( ) , , ,
.
, ,
PDF (Portable Document Format,
), , ,

setOutputFormat () QPrinter::PdfFormat.
QPrinter setFontEmdeddingEnabled ( )
- ,
. ,
,
.
,
abort ( ) , ,
.
( 24. 1 -24.7)
, . 24. 1.
Print ()

.
. 24.1.
366 IV.
24.1 QT
printsupport. ,
Qt Printsupport.
24.1. Printer.pro
TEMPLATE =
QT += widgets printsupport
HEADERS = Printer,h
SOURCES = Printer.cpp \
main.cpp
TARGET = ../Printer
, 24.2, (
pprinter Printer, 24.3-24.7) (
pond). clicked() slotPrint()
.
24.2. main.cpp
#include "Printer.h"

{
QWidget wgt;
Printer* pprinter = new Printer;

QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("&Print");
QObject::connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()),
pprinter, SLOT(slotPrint())
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pprinter);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
24. 367
Printer, 24.3,
QPrinter. draw .
,
. slotPrint .
24.3. Printer.h
tpragma once
#include <QWidget>
class QPrinter;
class QPaintDevice;
/ / ============================================
class Printer ; public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
private ;
QPrinter* m_pprinter;
protected:
virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent* pe );
void draw (QPaintDevice* ppd);
public:
Printer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
virtual -Printer!);
public slots:
void slotPrint();
);
24.4,
m pprinter.
, .
24.4. Printer.cpp.
/I
Printer::Printer(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)
(
m_pprinter = new QPrinter;
)
//
/*virtual*/Printer::-Printer()
{
delete m_pprinter;
368 IV.
, 24.5,
, , this.
draw ()
24.5. Printer.cpp. paintEventO
/virtual*/ void Printer : rpaintEvent (QPaintEvent* pe)

{
draw (this) ;
}
24.6 ( dig)
(mjppr inter) .
, .
setMinMaxO , .
, 1 1 .
() ,
.
QDialog: : Accepted. QPr inter ,
m_ppr inter draw ( ) .

,
,
QAbstractPrintDialog: : toPage ( ) QAbstractPrintDialog: : fromPage ( } ,
. :
int nPages = dig. toPage () - dig. fromPage ( ) + 1;

,
QPrinter::newPage() m_pprinter draw().
24.6. Printer.cpp. slotPrint()
void Printer : : slotPrint ( )

{
QPrintDialog dig (m_pprinter, this);
dig. setMinMax (1, 1);

if (dlg.execO == QDialog: : Accepted) {
draw (m_pprinter) ;
draw ( ) , 24.7, .

. , ,
, QPainter: :viewport () .
, drawRect ( ) , drawLine ( ) ,
24. 369
drawEllipse () drawTextO , ,
. setPenO setBrushO ,
. setFont ( ) .
24.7. Printer.cpp. draw()
void Printer::draw(QPaintDevice* ppd)

{
QPainter painter(ppd);
QRect r(painter.viewport());
painter.setBrush(Qt::white);
painter.drawRect(r);
painter.drawLine(0, 0, r.width(), r.heightO);
painter,drawLine(r.width(), 0, 0, r.heightO);
painter.setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::red, 3, Qt::DashLine));
painter.drawEllipse(r);
painter.setPen(Qt::blue);
painter.setFont(QFont("Times", 20, QFont::Normal));
painter.drawText(r, Qt::AlignCenter, "Printer Test");
}
, QPrinter QPaintDevice,
, .
QPrinter
, .
PDF.
25

;
.

. ,
, Qt
, .
.

, ,
.
QLineEdit ( 25.1),
(validator)
setValidator().
25.1. HexLineEdit
class HexLineEdit : public QLineEdit {

public:
HexLineEdit(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QLineEdit(pwgt )
{
QRegExp rxp("[0-9A-Fa-f]+");
setValidator(new QRegExpValidator(rxp, this));
}
};
, 25.1, .

,
:
,
. : paintEvent(), resizeEvent(), mousePressEvent(),
mouseReleaseEvent ( ) .;
, , , ,
, private,
protected;
25. 371
, ;
, ;
sizeHintO sizePolicyO
.

sizePolicyO, setSizePolicy ()
.
. (. ),
,
. ,
, sizeHint () sizePolicyO.
sizeHint () QSize, ,
. , , .
25.2 , .
sizeHintO :
pcmdl->sizeHint () (75, 23), a pcmd2->sizeHint ()
(145, 23).
25.2. sizeHintO
QString str = "Button";

QPushButton* pcmdl = new QPushButton (str) ;
QSize size = pcmdl->sizeHint () ; // size = (75, 23)
str = "This is very long button label";

QPushButton* pcmd2 = new QPushButton (str) ;
size = pcmd2-> sizeHint ( ) ; // size = (145, 23)
QWidget: : sizePolicyO QSizePolicy,

, ,
sizeHint () .
QSizePolicy ( ),
. 25.1.
25.1. SizeType QSizePolicy

Fixed ,

sizeHint ( ) , ,
Minimum ,
sizeHint()
Maximum ,
sizeHint()
Preferred ,
sizeHint ( ) , ,
MinimumExpanding ,
sizeHintO.

372 IV.
25. 1 ()
Expanding ,
sizeHintO,
. , ,
,
Ignored , sizeHintO, .

, , QScrollview.
. ,
, sizeHintO. ,
sizeHintO, .
QScrollview, .

setSizePolicy (), Expanding

:
setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding,QSizePolicy::Expanding);
( 25.3-25.8) ,
(. 25.1).
. ,
, .
. 25.1.
main ()
pew,
phsb ( 25.3).
valueChanged(int ) connect ( )
slotSetProgress(int ) ,
.
25.3. main.cpp
#include "CustomWidget.h"
int main(int arge, char** argv)

{
QWidget wgt;
25. 373
CustomWidget* pew = new CustomWidget;

QScrollBar* phsb = new QScrollBar(Qt::Horizontal);
phsb->setRange(0, 100);
QObject::connect(phsb, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
pew, SLOT(slotSetProgress(int))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pew);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(phsb);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
25.4 CustomWidget
m nProgress, .
paintEvent( ) sizeHint().
. progressChanged(int),
.
slotSetProgress() .
25.4. CustomWidget.h
tpragma once
#include <QFrame>
// =======================================
class CustomWidget : public QFrame {
Q_OBJECT
protected:
int m_nProgress;
virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent*);
public:
CustomWidget(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
virtual QSize sizeHint() const;
signals:
void progressChanged(int);
374 IV.
public slots:
void slotSetProgress (int n) ;
};
25.5 . setLinewidtho setFrameStyle ( )

. QSizePolicy: :Minimum,
setsizePolicy () , ,
, sizeHint ( ) .
QSizePolicy: : Fixed , ,
sizeHint ( ) .
25.5. CustomWidget.cpp. CustomWidget
CustomWidget : : CustomWidget (QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QFrame(pwgt)

, m_nProgress (0)
{
setLineWidth (3) ;
setFrameStyle (Box I Sunken);
setsizePolicy (QSizePolicy : :Minimum, QSizePolicy: : Fixed) ;
paintEvento ( 25.6).
painter . fillRecto
.
( f).
.
str
, drawText ( )
( AlignCenter). .painter QFrame: :drawFrame ( ) ,
QFrame .
25.6. CustomWidget.cpp. paintEvent( )
/virtual*/ void CustomWidget: :paintEvent (QPaintEvent*)

{
QLinearGradient gradient (0, 0, width (), height)));
float f = m_nProgress / 100. Of;
gradient . setColorAt (0, Qt: :black) ;

gradient . setColorAt (f, Qt: : green) ;
painter . fillRect (rect ( ) , Qt : :black) ;

painter . setBrush (gradient) ;
painter. drawRect (0, 0, (int) (width ( ) * f ) , height ());
painter . setPen (QPen (Qt : : green) ) ;

QString str = QString ( ) . setNum(m_nProgress) + "%";
painter. drawText (rect () , Qt ::AlignCenter, str);
drawFrame (.painter) ;
25. 375
25.7 slotSetProgress ()
( nProgress) ,
: 0 100. repaint()
progressChanged(int)
.
25.7. CustomWidgetcpp. - slotSetProgress ()
void CustomWidget::slotSetProgress(int n)
{
m_nProgress = n > 100 ? 100 : n < 0 ? 0 : n;
repaint();
emit progressChanged(m_nProgress);
}
25.8 sizeHintO ,
.
25.8. CustomWidgetcpp. sizeHintO
/virtual*/ QSize CustomWidget::sizeHint() const

{
return QSize(200, 30);
}
QWidget ,
.
. ,
, .
, QWidget, .
QSizePolicy,
, /,
. sizeHint ()
, ,
QSizePolicy.
26
, .

Qt (look & feel). ,
Qt- ,
. ,
-
, , .
Qt ,
, ,
, .
,
.
, ,

.
, . ,
, . ,
, ,
. , , , ,
, ,
, ,
.
, , - , , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, .
? ? ? ,
, .
...
.
, ,
.
, -
,
, , , .
26. 377

.
: , , , . ,
, , , .
Qt , ,
. ,
. Qt
, .
, ,
,
. ,
Qt.
,
, , , ,
, .
,
.
, CSS-, Qt-.
Qt ,
QObject
QStyle
, , . . Qt
QStyle

,
. [ QProxyStyle
. 26. 1 . QCommonStyle
QStyle .

QStyle
1QMacStyle -1
|
QGtkStyle
:
,
_l

-reverse. QFusionStyle
| QAndroidStyle J
QWindowsStyle |
[ QWindowsXPStyle ]
. 26.1.

.
. QStyle
QCommonStyle,
, .
, QStyle.
378 IV.
QCommonStyle ,
Qt.

Qt- ,
. ,
Windows Qt (. 26.1): QWindowsStyle
QFusionStyle. ,
QWindowsXPStyle, QWindowsVistaStyle, QWindowsMobileStyle, QGtkStyle, QAndroidStyle,
QWindowsCEStyle QMacStyle, .
, Qt- -style,
. ,
set Style ( ) :
QApplication: : setStyle ("QFusionStyle") ;
QApplication: : setStyle (QStyleFactory : : create ("QFusionStyle") ) ;
QApplication: : setStyle () ,
QStyleFactory: : create ( )
. QObject,
,
QApplication. setStyle ( ) ,
delete .
setStyle ,
26.1, .
Qt ,
. , , ,
, , (. 26.2).
. 26.2.
main () 26.1 wgt

. foreach,
QStyleFactory: :keys(). styledwidget ( )
, -
26. 379
. ( pgr),
className( ) , ,
QObject. (pgr)
(pvbxLayout)
. , findChildren<T>()
pgr, foreach
setstyle(), .
26.1. main.cpp
//
QWidget* styledwidget(QStyle* pstyle)
QGroupBox* pgr = new QGroupBox(pstyle->metaObject()->className());

QScrollBar* psbr new QScrollBar(Qt::Horizontal);
QCheckBox* pchk new QCheckBox("sCheck Box");
QSlider* psld new QSlider(Qt: horizontal);
QRadioButton* prad new QRadioButton("SRadio Button");
QPushButton* pcmd new QPushButton("&Push Button");
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addwidget(psbr);
pvbxLayout->addwidget(pchk);
pvbxLayout->addwidget(psld)
pvbxLayout->addWidget(prad)
pgr->setLayout(pvbxLayout);
QList<QWidget*> pwgtList = pgr->findChildren<QWidget*>();

foreach(QWidget* pwgt, pwgtList) {
pwgt->setStyle(pstyle);
return pgr;
}
//
{
QWidget wgt;
//Layout setup
foreach (QString str, QStyleFactory::keys()) {
phbxLayout->addWidget(styledwidget(QStyleFactory::create(str)));
}
380 IV.
wgt.setLayout(phbxLayout);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
( 26.2-26.4)
.
(. 26.3).
. 26.3.

26.2 MyApplication.
26.3, 26.4.
26.2. main.cpp
#include "MyApplication.h"

{
MyApplication myApplication;
myApplication.show();
return app.exec();
}
MyApplication ( 26.3) QWidget. ,

slotChangeStyle(const QStrings),
.
26.3. MyApplication.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
// ======================
class MyApplication : public QWidget {

Q OBJECT
26. 381
public:
MyApplication(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
public slots:
void slotChangeStyle(const QStrings str);
};
26.4 MyApplication
, additems ( )
, QStyleFactory::keys () .
connect () activated(const QStrings)
slotChangeStyle(const QStrings).
, .
QStyleFactory::create () , .
setStyleO,
.
26.4. MyApplication.cpp
#include <QtGui>
iinclude "MyApplication.h"
//
MyApplication::MyApplication(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
QComboBox* pcbo = new QComboBox;
QSpinBox* pspb = new QSpinBox;
QSlider* psld = new QSlider(Qt: horizontal);
QRadioButton* prad = new QRadioButton("SRadio Button");
QCheckBox* pchk = new QCheckBox("&Check Box");
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("&Push Button");
pcbo->addItems(QStyleFactory::keys());
connect(pcbo,
SIGNAL(activated(const QStrings)),
SLOT(slotChangeStyle(const QStrings))
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcbo);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pspb);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(psld);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(prad);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pchk);
382 IV.
void MyApplication::slotChangeStyle(const QStrings str)

{
QStyle* pstyle = QStyleFactory::create(str);
QApplication::setStyle(pstyle);
)

QStyle.
QWidget: :styled. QStyle :
, , sizeHinto
. .
Qt
CSS ( ),
.
, , , ,
. QStyle, .
, ,
. ,
, .
QStyle ,
. , ,
, QStyle:
drawPrimitive ( ) ;
drawControi ( ) ;
drawComplexControi ( ) .

, , .
QStyleOption.
public, :
version () . QStyleOption
, ;
type () ;
state () , :
(enabled), (active), (pressed) . .;
direction () ,
Qt : :LeftToRight, Qt : :RightToLeft;
rect (. ) ,
;
fontMetrics () ;
palette () .
26. 383
,
QStyleOption. ,
, , QStyleOption,
, .
. :
class MyStyleOptionProgress : public QStyleOption {
enum {Type = SO_ProgressBar};
enum {Version = 1);
int nMaximum;
int nMinimum;
int nProgress;
QString str;
Qt::Alignment textAlignment;
};
, ,
.

, ,
.
drawPrimitive():
void drawPrimitive(PrimitiveElement elem,
const QStyleOption* popt,
QPainter* ppainter,
const QWidget* pwgt = 0
)
, ,
. QStyleOption,
. QPainter,
. .
, ,
.

, , ,
.
drawControl():
void drawControl(ControlElement elem,
QPainter* ppainter,
)
384 IV.
, ,
. drawPrimitive().

, , ,
, , . .
drawComplexControl():
void drawComplexControl(ComplexControl control,
const QStyleOptionComplex* popt,
QPainter* ppainter,
)
.
QStyleOption, ,
QStyleOptionComplex. QStyleOption
, , , ,

.

,
, , ,
QComboBox, .

,
, . ,
26.5-26.9, , (. 26.4).
. 26.4.
main(), 26.5, ,
QPushButton. setstyleO
CustomStyle.
26.5. main.cpp
#include "CustomStyle.h"
26. 385

{
QWidget wgt;
QPushButton* pcmdA = new QPushButton ("Buttonl");

QPushButton* pcmdB = new QPushButton ("Button2");
QPushButton* pcmdC = new QPushButton ("Button3");
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addwidget(pcmdC);
app.setStyle(new CustomStyle);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
26.6 CustomStyle QCommonStyle.

polish unpolish , QStyie.
.
,
.
drawPrimitive ( ) ,
(primitive control element).
elem , .
QStyleOption.
QPainter ( ppainter),
. pwgt ,
.
26.6. CustomStyle.h
#pragma once
class QPainter;
/ / ======================================
class CustomStyle : public QCommonStyle {
public:
virtual void polish (QWidget* pwgt);
virtual void unpolish(QWidget* pwgt);
386 IV.
virtual void drawPrimitive ( PrimitiveElement elem,

QPainter* ppainter,
) const;
};
polish ( ) ( 26.7).
, Qt::WA_Hover
QPushButton true. ,
Qt .
.
26.7. CustomStyle.cpp. polish()
void CustomStyle: : polish (QWidget* pwgt)

{
if (qobject_cast<QPushButton*> (pwgt) ) {
pwgt->setAttribute (Qt : :WA_Hover, true) ;
,
unpolish
polish .
Qt : :WA_Hover false ( 26.8).
26.8. CustomStyle.cpp. unpolish()
void CustomStyle: : unpolish (QWidget* pwgt)

{
if (qobject_cast<QPushButton*> (pwgt) ) {
pwgt->setAttribute (Qt : :WA_Hover, false) ;
( 26.9) switch.
case, , .
.
QStyleOption , ,
. , ,
QStyleOptionButton.
,
.
bDown :
btnprs.bmp,
btn.bmp. QPainter: :drawPixmap ( ) .
bHover true, .
QPainter: :fiiiRect()
, .
26. 387
pwgt, , ,
. , ,
QStyleOption.
- pwgt, ,
, , ,
.
, , .
. default
.
26.9. CustomStyle.cpp. drawPrimitive ()
void CustomStyle::drawPrimitive( PrimitiveElement elem,

QPainter* ppainter,
const QWidget* pwgt
) const
{
switch (elem) {
case PE_PanelButtonCommand:
{
const QStyleOptionButton* pOptionButton =
qstyleoption_cast<const QStyleOptionButton*>(popt);
if (pOptionButton) {
bool bDown = (pOptionButton->state & State_Sunken)
I I (pOptionButton->state & State_On);
QPixmap pix = bDown ? QPixmap(":/images/btnprs.bmp")
: QPixmap(":/images/btn.bmp");
ppainter->drawPixmap(pOptionButton->rect, pix);
bool bHover = (pOptionButton->state & State_Enabled)

&& (pOptionButton->state & State_MouseOver);
if (bHover) {
ppainter->fillRect(pOptionButton->rect,
QColor(25, 97, 45, 83)
);
}
}
break;
}
default:
QCommonStyle::drawPrimitive(elem, popt, ppainter, pwgt);
break;
}
return;
388 IV.
QStyle

QStyle ,
. , , ,
, ,
, Qt.
, (QLabel), ,
. ,
26.10. . 26.5.
. 26.5. ,
QStylePainter.
, QPainter.
QStyleOptionPushButton, . initFromO
, : , , ,
. . .
This is a label. drawControl()
QStylePainter, .
26.10. CustomStyle.cpp
void MyLabel: ipaintEvent(QPaintEvent*)

{
QStylePainter painter(this);
QStyleOptionButton option;
option.initFrom(this);
option.text = "This is a label";
painter.drawControl(QStyle::CE_PushButton, option);
}

,
. , C++.
, C++
, , , C++
,
. ,
, C++, -
26. 389
, .
,
.
Qt . CSS (Cascading
Style Sheets, ), HTML. Qt
, ,
. Qt Designer (. 44)
CSS-,
.
, , .
, qss.
, QApplication::setstyleSheet ( ) ,
QWidget::setstyleSheet().
, -stylesheet
CSS-:
-stylesheet MyStyle.qss
,
Qt-.

CSS :
{: }
. ,
, . ,
. ,
:
QLineEdit {color: red}
, ,
, :
QLabel {
color: red;
background-color: white;
}
RGB HTML-:
QLabel {
color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
background-color: #FFFFFF;
}
background-image
. :
QLabel {
background-image: url(pic.png);
}
390 IV.
,
. ,
:
QPushButton, QLineEdit, QLabel {color: red}
,
. ,
. :
.PushButton {color: red}

(*).
,
, QLabel#MyLabel
QLabel MyLabel.
,
, :
namespace MyNameSpace {
class MyClass : public QWidget {
};
}
CSS :
MyNameSpace MyClass {
background-colode: black;
color: white;
, : COLOR = color = COLOR . .

.
CSS , C/C++,
/* */, :
/* */

.
.
. ,
QComboBox
:
QComboBox::drop-down {image: url(pic.png) }
, , :
QPushButton::menu-indicator {image: url (downarrow.png) }
. 26.1 .
26. 391
26.1.

. , ,
: : down-arrow

: : down-button .
d
: : drop-down
,
: : indicator
0
:: item , 0
,
:: menu-indicator
j
: : title Title
:: up-arrow .
:: up-but ton .
0
, . :
QPushButton: : menu-indicator : hover { image: url (hovereddownarrow.png) }
subcontrol-position. ,
, :
QPushButton: : menu-indicator { subconrol-position: right center}

, (. 26.2).
, ()
. , ,
:
QPushButton: hover {color: red}
26.2.

: checked
: closed
: disabled
: enabled
392 IV.
26.2 ()

: focus
: hover
: indeterminate
:off ( ,
/ )
:on ( ,
/ )
:open
:pressed
: unchecked
. ,
, ,
:
QCheckBox:hover:checked {color: white}
, ,
, :
QCheckBox:hover, QCheckBox:checked {color: white}
, :
QCheckBox:!hover {color: white}
, . ,
, , (. . 26.4).
26.1 1.
, 80 .
,
, .
border-image border-width
,
, .
26.11. simple.qss
/* Simple Style */
QPushButton {
min-width: 8Opx;
}
QPushButton {
border-image: url(:/style/btn.bmp) 5px;
26. 393
border-width: 5;
}
QPushButton:hover {
border-image: url(:/style/btnhvd.bmp) 5px;
border-width: 5px;
}
QPushButton:pressed {
border-image: url(:/style/btnprs.bmp) 5px;
border-width: 5px;
}
26.12, 26.5, ,
.
, ,
strCSS QApplicaiton::setStyleSheet ( ) .

,
, :
qApp->setStyleSheet("QPushButton::hover {background-color: blue}");
,
, (. 26.6).
26.12. main.cpp
int main (int arge, char** argv)

{
QWidget wgt;
QPushButton* pcmdA = new QPushButton ("Buttonl");

QPushButton* pcmdB = new QPushButton ("Button2");
QPushButton* pcmdC = new QPushButton ("Button3");
//Layout setup
394 IV.
pvbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdC);
QFile file(":/style/simple.qss");
file.open(QFile::Readonly);
QString strCSS = QLatinlString(file.readAll());
qApp->setStyleSheet(strCSS);
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
26.13 ,
16 ( min-width). , background,
. (xi, yi) (2, 2) ,
1 0.4. ,
- . ,
( color). ,
( border) (
border-radius).
26.13.
QPushButton {
min-width: 1;
background: qlineargradient(xl:0, yl:l, x2:0, y2:0,
stop:l rgb{133,133,135),
stop:0.4 rgb(31, 31, 33)
color: white;
border: lpx solid white;
border-radius:5px;
26.14 , ,
. ,
26.13, .
.
26.14.
QPushButton:hover {
background: qlineargradient(xl:0, yl:l, x2:0, y2:0,
stop:l rgb(133,133,135),
stop:0.4 rgb(31, 31, 33),
stop:0.2 rgb(0, 0, 150) );
}
26. 395
( 26.15),
. ,
.
26.15.
QPushButton:pressed {
background: qlineargradient (xl:0, yl:0, x2:l, y2:0,
stop:0 rgba(l, 1, 5, 80),
stop:0.6 rgba(18, 18, 212, 80),
stop:0.5 rgba (142, 142, 245,80)
border: lpx solid rgb(18, 18, 212);
(toggle),
, , ,
-
( 26.16).
26.16.
QPushButton:checked {
background: qlineargradient (xl:0, yl:0, x2:0, y2:l,
stop:l rgb(133,133, 135),
stop:0.4 rgb(31, 31, 33) );
border: lpx solid rgb(18, 18, 212);
}

,
( 26.17).
26.17.
QPushButton:checked:hover {
background: qlineargradient (xl:0, yl:l, x2:0, y2:0,
stop:l rgb(31, 31, 33),
stop:0.4 rgb(133,133, 135),
stop:0.1 rgb(0, 0, 150) );
}
,
border-radius. ,
.

? border- image.
, .

, .
border- image 9 (. 26.7).
396 IV.
,
.
border-image :
top ;
right ;
bottom ;
left .
. 26.7
:
border-image: url(button.png) 9, 2, 5, 2
left right
e
, , top, right,
bottom left . :
border-image: url(button.png) 5
Qt
(look & feel) .
, . ,
,
QApplication::setStyle().
.
, . ,
QStyle, .
, .
,
.
QStyleOption.
Qt ,
CSS. CSS- C++ ,
,
. .
, ,
.
27
, .

-, ,
,
, Web-,
.
, , , , .
, ,
. ,
.

. .
?
, ,
50- .

, -
.
: multum , medium
. , ,
.
, , , , ,
, Web- . . , ,
. QtMultimedia,
Qt .
, 30 % .

.
, .
, ,
.
398 IV.
, , ,
.
,
QApplication: :beep ( ) . , ,
.
, , ,
, ,
, , - .
WAV-:
QSound
QSound
WAV, ,
, , , , ,
, WAV,
QMediaPlayer, .
QSound play ,
.
, ,
. :
QSound::play(" : /yesterday .wav" ) ;
,
, QSound.
setLoops ( ) ,
. -1 .
play ( ) :
.
QSound sound ( " : /yesterday wav" ) ;
sound. setLoops (3) ; //3
sound.play ( ) ;
,
QSound: : loopsRemaining ( ) , .
, QSound: : stop .

:
sound. stop ( ) ;
, , , QSound
play ( ) .
,
, QSound: :isFinished(), true
, , false,
. , isFinished ( ) false.
27. 399

: QMediaPlayer
QMediaPlayer ( ) ,
. ,
, , -.
, .
:
QMediaPlayer* pPlayer = new QMediaPlayer;
pPlayer->setMedia(QUrl::fromLocalFile(":/yesterday.mp3"));
pPlayer->play();
QMediaPlayer,
setMediaO - play ( ) ,
. .
, setMedia ( ) QUrl,
QMediaPlayer
, ,
.
,
QUrl::fromLocalFile ( ) , url.
,
, , ,
.
.
, . 27.1,
, ,
, ,
.
. 27.1.
,
:
QT += multimedia
( 27.1) SoundPlayer,
resize ( ) , show ( ) , .
27.1. . main.cpp
#include "SoundPlayer.h"
400 IV.

{
SoundPlayer soundPlayer;
soundPlayer.resize(320, 75);
soundPlayer.show();
return app.exec();
)
SoundPlayer, 27.2,
QMediaPlayer,
, . SoundPlayer
QWidget.
msecToString ( ) , private,
,
.
:
slotopen ( ) ;
slotplay ( ) ;
slotSetsliderPostion ( )

;
siotSetMediaPositionO
QMediaPlayer;
siorSetDuration() ;
slotStatusChanged() QMediaPlayer.
27.2. SoundPlayer.h
#pragma once
ftinclude <QWidget>
#include <QMediaPlayer>
class QPushButton;
class QSlider;
class QLabel;
class QVBoxLayout;
/ / ======================================
class SoundPlayer : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
protected:
QMediaPlayer* m_pmp;
QVBoxLayout* m_pvbxMainLayout;
27. 401
private:
QPushButton* m_pcmdPlay;
QPushButton* m_pcmdStop;
QSlider* m_psldPosition;
QLabel* m_plblCurrent;
QLabel* m_plblRemain;
QString msecsToString(qint64 n);
public:
SoundPlayer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotOpen ( );
void slotPlay ( );
void slotSetSliderPosition(qint64 );
void slotSetMediaPosition (int );
void slotSetDuration (qint64 );
void slotStatusChanged (QMediaPlayer::State);
};
( 27.3)
. m_pcmdPlay m pcmdstop
setEnabied ( ) . ,
, .

setRange ( ) setorientaion( )
Qt::Horizontal .
, ,
, setOrientationO .
setRange () 0 100
: (
psldVolume) QMediaPlayer ( m_pmp).
-
. , ( pcmdOpen)
SoundPlayer : :slotOpen ( ) . Play ( m_pcmdPlay)
SoundPlayer::slotPlay(). Stop ( m_pcmdstop)
( ) QMediaPlayer: : stop .
( psldVolume)
QMediaPlayer::setvolume . ,
, ,
QMediaPlayer.
,
, (
m pmp), QSlider::sliderMoved()
slotSetMediaPosition(). ,
, ,
.
402 IV.
SoundPlayer slotSetPositionO,
QMediaPlayer: ipositionChanged().
!
. Qt
, ,
.
QMediaPlayer::duration!)
QMediaPlayer::setMedia() .
, QMediaPlayer::
durationchanged!). 27.3,
SoundPlayer::slotSetDuration().

QMediaPlayer::stateChanged () slotStatusChanged ( )
SoundPlayer.

SoundPlayer .
27.3. SoundPlayer. SoundPlayer.cpp

SoundPlayer::SoundPlayer(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
QPushButton* pcmdOpen = new QPushButton("&Open");
QSlider* psldVolume = new QSlider;
m_pcmdPlay = new QPushButton;

m_pcmdStop = new QPushButton;
m_psldPosition = new QSlider;
m_plblCurrent = new QLabel(msecsToString(0));
m_plblRemain = new QLabel(msecsToString(0));
m_pmp = new QMediaPlayer;
m_pcmdPlay->setEnabled(false);
m_pcmdPlay->setIcon(style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MediaPlay));
m_pcmdStop->setEnabled(false);
m_pcmdStop->setIcon(style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MediaStop));
m_psldPosition->setRange(0, 0);
m_psldPosition->setOrientation(Qt::Horizontal);
psldVolume->setRange(0, 100);
int nDefaultVolume = 50;
m_pmp->setVolume(nDefaultVolume);
psldVolume->setValue(nDefaultVolume);
connect(pcmdOpen, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotOpen()));

connect(m_pcmdPlay, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotPlay()));
connect(m_pcmdStop, SIGNAL(clicked()), m_pmp, SLOT(stop()));
27. 403
connect(psldVolume, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
m_pmp, SLOT(setVolume(int))
);
connect(m_psldPosition, SIGNAL(sliderMoved(int)),
SLOT(slotSetMediaPosition(int))
);
connect(m_pmp, SIGNAL(positionChanged(qint64)),
SLOT(slotSetSliderPosition(qint64))
);
connect(m_pmp, SIGNAL(durationChanged(qint64)),
SLOT(slotSetDuration(qint64))
);
connect(m_pmp, SIGNAL(stateChanged(QMediaPlayer::State)),
SLOT(slotStatusChanged(QMediaPlayer::State))
);
//Layout setup
QHBoxLayout* phbxPlayControls = new QHBoxLayout;
phbxPlayControls->addWidget(pcmdOpen);
phbxPlayControls->addWidget(m_pcmdPlay);
phbxPlayControls->addWidget(m_pcmdStop);
phbxPlayControls->addWidget(psldVolume);
QHBoxLayout* phbxTimeControls = new QHBoxLayout;

phbxTimeControls->addWidget(m_plblCurrent);
phbxTimeControls->addWidget(m_psldPosition);
phbxTimeControls->addWidget(m_plblRemain);
m_pvbxMainLayout = new QVBoxLayout;

m_pvbxMainLayout->addLayout(phbxPlayControls);
m_pvbxMainLayout->addLayout(phbxTimeControls);
setLayout(m_pvbxMainLayout);
}
slotopen() ( 27.4) ,
, , ,
QUrl QMediaPlayer::setMedia(). ,
, Play Stop .
27.4. slotOpen(). SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::slotOpen()
{
QString strFile = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,
"Open File"
);
404 IV.
if (!strFile.isEmpty()) {
m_pmp->setMedia(QUrl::fromLocalFile(strFile));
m_pcmdPlay->setEnabled(true);
m_pcmdStop->setEnabled(true);
slotPlayO ( 27.5) Play, ,

, QMediaPlayer::
state ( ) ( m pmp), play ( ) pause ( ) .
, :
QMediaPlayer::PlayingState,
QMediaPlayer::pause ( )
. QMediaPlayer::play()
.
27.5. slotPlay () . SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::slotPlay()
{
switch(m_pmp->state()) {
case QMediaPlayer::PlayingState:
m_pmp->pause();
break;
default:
m_pmp->play();
break;
slotstatusChanged ( ) ( 27.6) .
: QMediaPlayer::StoppedState ( ), QMediaPlayer::PlayingState
( ) QMediaPlayer::PausedState (
). 27.6 :
QMediaPlayer::PlayingState, ,
, .
.
27.6. slotstatusChanged(). SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::slotstatusChanged(QMediaPlayer::State state)

{
switch(state) {
case QMediaPlayer::PlayingState:
m_pcmdPlay->setIcon(style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MediaPause));
break;
default:
m_pcmdPlay->setIcon(style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MediaPlay));
break;
27. 405
slotSetMediaPosition ( ) ( 27.7) QMediaPlayer::setPosition()

, qint64.
sliderMovedo int.
qint64 int.
27.7. slotSetMediaPosition () . SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::slotSetMediaPosition(int n)
{
m_pmp->setPosition(n);
}
msecsToString ( ) , 27.8,
QTime,
.
27.8. msecsToString () . SoundPlayer.cpp
QString SoundPlayer: imsecsToString(qint64 n)

{
int nHours = (n / (60 * 60 * 1000));
int nMinutes = ((n % (60 * 60 * 1000)) / (60 * 1000));
int nSeconds = ((n % (60 * 1000)) / 1000);
return QTime(nHours, nMinutes, nSeconds).toString("hh:mm:ss");

)
siotSetDuration ( ) ( 27.9)
. (
m psidPosition) ,
setRange().
msecsToString (), 27.8,
( m_plblCurrent
m_plblRemain).
27.9. siotSetDuration () . SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::siotSetDuration(qint64 n)
{
m_psldPosition->setRange(0, n);
m_plblCurrent->setText(msecsToString(0));
m_plblRemain->setText(msecsToString(n));
)
siotSetsiiderPositionO ( 27.10)
.
setvaiue ( ) ( m psidPosition).
setText ( )
( m_pibicurrent).
406 IV.
, ,
nDuration. , ,
QMediaPlayer::duration(), .
,
( m plblRemain)
setText ().
27.10. slotSetSliderPosition(). SoundPlayer.cpp
void SoundPlayer::slotSetSliderPosition(qint64 n)
{
m_psldPosition->setValue(n);
m_plblCurrent->setText (msecsToString (n) );

int nDuration = m_psldPosition->maximum( );
m_plblRemain->setText (msecsToString (nDuration - n));
}
QMediaPlayer
, QMediaPlayer ,
, .
,
. 27.2. ,
(. . 27.1).
, .
00:13:18 00:42:08
Q I |1
If d IS pi I3CJ Lf I I facebook.com/inside.out.world
. 27.2.
27. 407
VideoPlayer SoundPlayer
(. 27.1-27.10) .
,
, .
QVideoWidget,
QtMultimediaWidget, ,
QtMultimedia, :
QT += multimedia multimediawidgets
( 27.1 1)
VideoPlayer, resize ()
show().
27.11. . main.cpp
#include "VideoPlayer.h"
//
{
VideoPlayer VideoPlayer;
VideoPlayer.resize(400, 450);
VideoPlayer.show();
return app.exec();
}
27.12 VideoPlayer
SoundPlayer (. 27.1-27.10).
27.12. VideoPlayer.h
#pragma once
#include "../SoundPlayer/SoundPlayer.h"
/ / ========================================
class VideoPlayer : public SoundPlayer {
Q_OBJECT
public:
VideoPlayer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
};

( 27.13) QVideoWidget
. 300x300 ,
( setMinimumSize ).
408 IV.
(m_pvbxMainLayout) addwidget ( ) . setVideoOutput(),

( m pmp). .
27.13. VideoPlayer. VideoPlayer.cpp
#include <QVideoWidget>
#include "VideoPlayer.h"
//
VideoPlayer::VideoPlayer(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : SoundPlayer(pwgt)
{
QVideoWidget* pvw = new QVideoWidget;

pvw->setMinimumSize(300, 300);
m_pvbxMainLayout->addWidget(pvw);
m_pmp->setVideoOutput(pvw);
}

WAV- QSound.
, . QSound
,
, , , WAV.
, QMediaPlayer
, .
QUrl,
,
.
:
, ,
;
;
;
.
QVideoWidget,
setVideoOutput ( ) QMediaPlayer.

, .
.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. , SDI- MDI-
35. (Desktop)
28
...
,
.
, - IBM

. ,
, ,
:
, , .
,
.
. (key)
,
(key value).
, , . , ,
Windows, , ,
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software.

Windows
.
Linux $HOME/.qt $QTDIR/etc.

Qt QSettings.
. :
QSettings settings ( "BHV" , "MyProgram") ;
,
, QCoreApplication
setOrganisationName setApplicationName ( ) . :
QCoreApplication: : setOrganizationName ( "BHV" ) ;
QCoreApplication: : setApplicationName ("MyProgram") ;
setvaiue ( ) .
, . , -
412 V.
. QVariant (. 4),
: bool, double, int, QString, QRect, Qimage . .
:
settings.setValue("/Settings/StringKey", "String Value");
settings.setValue("/Settings/IntegerKey", 213);
settings.setValue("/Settings/BooleanKey", true);
value ( ) ,
QVariant. QSettings
QVariant
. . valued
: , ,
, . :
QString str = settings.value("/Settings/StringKey", "").toString();
int n = settings.value("/Settings/IntegerKey", 0).tolnt();
bool b = settings.value("/Settings/BooleanKey", false).toBool();
remove ( )
QSettings:
settings.remove("/Settings/StringKey");
,
beginGroup ( ) . , ,
endGroup ( ) . ,
. beginGroup
endGroup ( ) :
settings.beginGroup("/Settings");
settings.beginGroup("/Colors");
int nRed = settings.value("/red");
settings.endGroup();
settings.beginGroup("/Geometry");
int nwidth = settings.value("/width") ;
settings.endGroupO ;
settings.endGroup();
, 28.1-28.8, , . 28.1.
.
: Classic
(), , , Borland (
Borland), , . Disable edit (
) / .

.
28.1 MyProgram.
28.1. main.cpp
tinclude <QApplication>
#include "MyProgram.h"
28. 413

{
MyProgram myProgram;
myProgram.show();
return app.exec();
}
. 28.1. ,
MyProgram, 28.2, m settings

QSettings. (m pcbo),
(m pchk), (m ptxt), (m pibi)
(m nCounter). MyProgram
(writeSettings () readSettings()).
: slotCheckedBoxClickedO slotComboBoxActivated()
,
.
28.2. MyProgram.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
#include <QSettings>
class QComboBox;
class QCheckBox;
class QTextEdit;
class QLabel;
// ===============================
class MyProgram : public QWidget {
Q OBJECT
414 V.
private:
QSettings mjsettings;
QComboBox* m_pcbo;
QCheckBox* m_pchk;
QTextEdit* m_ptxt;
QLabel* m_plbl;
int m_nCounter;
public:
MyProgram(QWidget* pwgt =0);
virtual ~MyProgram();
void writeSettings();
void readSettings ();
public slots:
void slotCheckBoxClicked ( );
void slotComboBoxActivated(int);
};
28.3 m settings :
"BHVM "MyProgram.
(m_plbl), (m_ptxt),
(m_pcbo) (m_pchk). additemO
Classic Borland, .
clicked {) ( m_pchk)
slotCheckBoxClicked ( ) , activated(int)
slotComboBoxActivated(int ) . readSettings .
(. 6).
28.3. MyProgram.cpp. MyProgram
MyProgram::MyProgram(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/)
: QWidget(pwgt)
, m_settings("BHV","MyProgram")
{
m_plbl = new QLabel;
m_ptxt = new QTextEdit;
m_pcbo = new QComboBox;
m_pchk = new QCheckBox("Disable edit");
m_pcbo->addItem("Classic");
m_pcbo->addItem("Borland");
connect(m_pchk, SIGNAL(clicked( ) ) , SLOT(slotCheckBoxClicked()));

connect(m_pcbo,
SIGNAL(activated(int)),
SLOT(slotComboBoxActivated(int))
);
28. 415
readSettings();
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_plbl);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_ptxt);
phbxLayout->addWidget(m_pcbo);
phbxLayout->addWidget(m_pchk);
28.4 readSettings ,
beginGroup ( ) QSettings .
, .
strText /text, readEntryO .
, /text , ,
, .
nwidth nHeight, , nComboitem,
, bEdit,
, m nCounter, .
.
m_nCounter . ,
, endGroup().
28.4. MyProgram.cpp. readSettings ()
void MyProgram::readSettings()
{
m_settings.beginGroup("/Settings");
QString strText = m_settings.value("/text", "").toString();

int nwidth = m_settings.value("/width", width()).tolnt();
int nHeight = m_settings.value("/height", height()).tolnt();
int nComboitem = m_settings.value("/highlight", 0).tolnt();
bool bEdit = m_settings.value("/edit", false).toBool();
m_nCounter = m_settings.value("/counter", 1).tolnt ();
QString str = QString().setNum(m_nCounter++);

m_plbl->setText("This program has been started " + str + " times");
m_ptxt->setPlainText(strText);
416 V.
resize(nWidth, nHeight);
m_pchk->setChecked(bEdit);
slotCheckBoxClicked();
m_pcbo->setCurrentIndex(nComboItem);
slotComboBoxActivated(nComboItem);
m_settings.endGroup();
}
, 28.5, ,
, .
writeSettings().
28.5. MyProgram.cpp. -MyProgram()
/*virtual*/Program::~Program()
{
writeSettings();
}

closeEvent(),
.
writeSettings()
beginGroupO .
setvalue(), ,
(
28.6).
28.6. MyProgram.cpp. writeSettings ()
void MyProgram::writeSettings()
{
m_settings.beginGroup("/Settings");
m_settings.setvalue("/counter", m_nCounter);
m_settings.setValue("/text", m_ptxt->toPlainText());
m_settings.setvalue("/width", width());
m_settings.setvalue("/height", height());
m_settings.setvalue("/highlight", m_pcbo->currentIndex());
m_settings.setvalue("/edit", m_pchk->isChecked());
m_settings.endGroup();
}
slotCheckBoxClicked()
,
isChecked()( 28.7).
28. 417
28.7. MyProgram.cpp. slotCheckBoxClicked()
void MyProgram::slotCheckBoxClicked()
{
m_ptxt->setEnabled(!m_pchk->isChecked());
}
siotComboBoxActivated( ) , 28.8,

.
QPalette: : Active (. 13).
28.8. MyProgram.cpp. siotComboBoxActivated()
void MyProgram::siotComboBoxActivated(int n)
{
QPalette pal = m_ptxt->palette();
pal.setColor(QPalette::Active,
QPalette::Base,
n ? Qt::darkBlue : Qt::white
);
pal.setColor(QPalette::Active,
QPalette::Text,
n ? Qt::yellow : Qt::black
>;
m_ptxt->setPalette(pal);
)

. QApplication
. ( 28.9).
28.9.
class : public QApplication {

Q_OBJECT
private:
QSettings* m_pSettings;
public:
App tints argc,
char** argv,
const QStrings strOrg,
const QStrings strAppName
) : QApplication(argc, argv)
, m_pSettings(0)
{
setOrganizationName(StrOrg);
setApplicationName(strAppName);
418 V.
m_pSettings = new QSettings(strOrg, strAppName, this);

}
static App* theAppO

{
return (App*)qApp;
}
QSettings* settings()
(
return m_pSettings;
}
argc, argv
QApplication. strOrg
strAppName.
QCoreApplication::setOrganizationName ( ) QCoreApplication;:
setApplicationName ( )
( m_pSettings). theAppO ,
.
settings ( ) .
:
{
App app(argc, argv, "MyCompany", "MyApp");
return app.exec();
)
:
QSettings pst = App;:theApp()->settings();
pst->setValue("Language", "en");

,
, .
.
, .
,
.
QApplication
QApplication::commitData ( ) QApplication::saveState ,
.
QSessionManager. -
28. 419
, allowinteractionO, ,
.
cancel ,
. setRestartHint ( ) ,
.
:
RestartifRunning ,
, ;
RestartAnyway
;
Restartimmediately
;
RestartNever .
QApplication::isSessionRestored ( ) ,
, (true)
(false).
, 28.10,
(. 28.2).
&** . ,
Exit the operating system to see the dialog box
. 28.2. ,
28.10 MyApplication QApplication.

commitData ( ) ,
.
. QApplication
MyApplication.
28.10. main.cpp
/ / ======================================
class MyApplication : public QApplication {
public:
I/
MyApplication(int argc, char** argv)
: QApplication(argc, argv)
t
1
//
virtual -MyApplication()
420 V.
//
virtual void commitData(QSessionManager& sm) {
QMessageBox::information(0,
"Dialog,
"You are exiting operating system"
};
//
{
MyApplication app(argc, argv);
QLabel lbl("Exit the operating system to see the dialog box", 0);
lbl.show();
return app.exec();
}
Qt ,
,
. .
, , /.
, QVariant.
value ( ) setvalue().

.
.
29
,
?
?
.
,
.
: .
, ,
.

(Clipboard)
, (
).
. ,
.
. , ,
: (cut), () (paste),
,
: <Ctrl>+<X>, <Ctrl>+<C> <Ctrl>+<V> .
Qt QClipboard.
,
.
QClipboard dataChanged ( ) ,
. ,
, . :
connect (qApp->clipboard ( ) , SIGNAL (dataChanged ( ) ) ,
pwgt , SLOT ( slotDataControl ( ) )
);
setTextf), setPixmapO,
set image ( ) setMimeData ( ) . :
QClipboard* pcb = QApplication: : clipboard!) ;
pcb->setText ("My Text") ;
422 V.

setMimeData ( ) .
, QMimesource.
QMimeSource , ,
.
text ( ) , image ( ) , pixmap ( ) mimeData ( )

. :
QClipboard* pcb = QApplication: :clipboard() ;
QString str = pcb->text ( ) ;
if .
( ! str isNull ( ) ) {
qDebugO "Clipboard Text: " str;
)
(drag & drop) , ,

, (
).
, , .
.
: ,
, , ,
( ) .
, .
Recycle Bin ()
Windows, .
Qwidget
, .
, ,
, . , QTextEdit (. 10)
.
Qt QDrag,
QMimeData. 1 Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extension ( ).
, , -
. , MIME- text/plain
, ASCII-, a text/html ,
, HTML.
image/*. , jpg MIME-
image/jpg. ,
, application/*.
. 29.1 .
, MIME Qt QMimeData.
:
setColorData ( ) ;
setimageData ( ) ;
29. 423
setText();
HTML setHtml();
() URL (Uniform Resource Locator,
)
seturls(). .
29.1. MIME-
MIME-
application/* ,

audio/* , : audio/wav
image/* , : image/png
model/* , , : model/vrml
text/* , : text/plain
video/* , : video/mpeg
, , ,
(, ).
? QMimeData
setData ( ) , ,
, QByteArray (. 4).
QMimeData formats ()
retrieveData().
:
(drag),
(drop).
, . . 29. 1
.
1 2
. 29.1.
424 V.
drag
mousePressEvent()
mouseMoveEvent ( ) . ,
. mouseMoveEvent ( )
.
( 29.1)
(. 29.2).
. 29.2.
Drag, 29.1, m ptDragPos,

. mousePressEvent ( )
, .
mouseMoveEvent ( ) . ,

, ,
, .
,
. ,
startDragDistance ( ) ( 4 ), ,
,
.
startDragO. QMimeData,
setText ( ) .
QDrag,
, .
!
,
.

. ,
, .
29. 425
setPixmapO ,
. ( )
. ,
, .
, Qt ::CopyAction,
Qt::MoveAction, Qt::LinkAction.
Qt::MoveAction.
29.1. Drag.h
#pragma once
// ===========================================
class Drag : public QLabel {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPoint m_ptDragPos;
void startDragO
{
QMimeData* pMimeData = new QMimeData;
pMimeData->setText(text());
QDrag* pDrag = new QDrag(this);

pDrag->setMimeData(pMimeData);
pDrag->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/imgl.png"));
pDrag->exec();
}
protected:
virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
if (pe->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
m_ptDragPos = pe->pos();
}
QWidget::mousePressEvent(pe);
}
virtual void mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent* pe)

{
if (pe->buttons() & Qt::LeftButton) {

int distance = (pe->pos() m_ptDragPos).manhattanLength();
if (distance > QApplication::startDragDistance()) {
startDrag();
}
}
QWidget::mouseMoveEvent(pe);
426 V.
public:
Drag(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QLabel("This is draggable text", pwgt)
{
}
};
drop
( 29.2) ,
( ).
(. 29.3).
. 29.3. ,
,
Drop setAcceptDrops ( ) ,
true. ,
dragEnterEvent( ) dropEvent().
dragEnterEvent ( ) ,
(. . 29.1).
,
(, ,
<Ctrl>),
.
,
hasFormat().

MIME- , .
"text/uri-list".
acceptProposedActionO QDragEnterEvent
.
29. 427

QDragEnterEvent QDragMoveEvent (. . 14.1).
accept ignore ,
( ) .
QRect.
. , ,
, : accept(recto ).
dropEvent()
, . uris()
QMimeData urlList.
foreach QUrl::tostring() ,
("\") .
setText().
29.2. Drop.h
#pragma once
// ======================================================
class Drop : public QLabel {
Q_OBJECT
protected:
virtual void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent* pe)
(
if (pe->mimeData()->hasFormat("text/uri-list")) {
pe->acceptProposedAction();
virtual void dropEvent(QDropEvent* pe)

{
QList<QUrl> urlList = pe->mimeData ()->urls();
QString str;
foreach(QUrl url, urlList) {
str += url.toStringO + "\n";
}
setText("Dropped:\n" + str);
l
public:
Drop(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QLabel("Drop Area", pwgt)
(
setAcceptDrops(true);
428 V.

Qt , ,
, .
.
, .
mimeType,
,
. ,
, 29.3.
29.3.
MyDragClass::startDrag()
{
Qlmage img("mira.jpg");
QByteArray data;
QBuffer buf(sdata);
QMimeData* pMimeData = new QMimeData;
buf.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
img.save(&buf, "JPG");
pMimeData->setData("image/jpg", data);
QDrag* pDrag = new QDrag(this);

pDrag->setMimeData(pMimeData);
pDrag->exec(Qt::MoveAction);
29.3 ,
. , QMimeData; ;
setimageDataO,
, . ,
QMimeData, QByteArray QBuffer.
Qlmage::saved QBuffer,
(data). QMimeData::setData().
image/jpg
.
,

QByteArray, . ,
,
, MIME-. ,
. ,
,
. ( 29.4-29.13),
. 29.4, , ,
, .
29.
1] Widgetl |0-
1J Widgetl j
__
J
429
Widget is dropped Widget is dropped

ObjectName : Wldget2 ObjectName: Widgetl
. 29.4. ,
( 29.4) widget,
29.7-29.13.
,
setwindowTitle ( ) .
"widgetl" "Widget2" setObjectName().
29.4. main.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{
Widget wgtl;
Widget wgt2;
wgtl.setwindowTitle("Widgetl");
wgtl.setObjectName("Widgetl");
wgtl.resize(200, 200);
wgtl.show();
wgt2.setwindowTitle("Widget2");
wgt2.setObjectName("Widget2");
wgt2.resize(200, 200);
wgt2.show();
return app.exec();
}
MIME- ( 29.5)
, widgetMimeData m pwgt.
mimeType ( ) MIME-, "application/widget".
: application ,
. : widget ,
. -
430 V.
setwidget ( ) . m pwgt
, setDataO,
MIME- QByteArray.
widget().
29.5. WidgetDrag.h. widgetMi menata
class WidgetMimeData : public QMimeData {

private:
QWidget* m_pwgt;
public:
WidgetMimeData() : QMimeData()
(
}
virtual -WidgetMimeData()
{
}
static QString mimeType()

{
return "application/widget";
}
void setwidget(QWidget* pwgt)

(
m_pwgt = pwgt;
setData(mimeType(), QByteArray());
}
QWidget* widget () const

(
return m_pwgt;
}
widgetDrag ( 29.6) ,
QDrag. setwidget ,
MIME- WidgetMimeData. setwidget ( )
(pwgt). setMimeData ( )
MIME- ( pmd).
29.6. WidgetDrag.h. WidgetDrag
class WidgetDrag : public QDrag {

public:
WidgetDrag(QWidget* pwgtDragSource = 0) : QDrag(pwgtDragSource)
(
I
29. 431
void setwidget(QWidget* pwgt)

{
WidgetMimeData* pmd = new WidgetMimeData;
pmd->setwidget(pwgt);
setMimeData(pmd);
};
, MIME- (
29.7). ,
QLabei. ,
. ,
.
29.7. Widget.h
#pragma once
#include <QPoint>
#include <QLabel>
/ / ================================================
class Widget : public QLabei {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPoint m_ptDragPos;
void startDrag();
protected:
virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* );
virtual void mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent* );
virtual void dragEnterEvent (QDragEnterEvent*);
virtual void dropEvent (QDropEvent* );
public:
Widget(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
};
, 29.8,
, true setAcceptDrops().
29.8. Widget.cpp.
Widget::Widget(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QLabei(pwgt)

{
setAcceptDrops(true);
432 V.
startDragO ( 29.9)
this. ,
, this setwidgeto.
( ) .
29.9. Widgetcpp. startDragO
void Widget : : startDrag ( )

{
WidgetDrag* pDrag = new Widget Drag (this) ;
pDrag->setWidget (this) ;
pDrag->exec (Qt : : CopyAction) ;
}
mouse PressEvent () ( 29.10) m ptDragPos

.
29.10. Widgetcpp. mousePressEvent
/virtual*/ void Widget ::mousePressEvent (QMouseEvent* pe)

{
if (pe->button ( ) == Qt: :LeftButton) {
m_ptDragPos = pe->pos ( ) ;
}
QWidget: : mousePressEvent (pe) ;
}
mouseMoveEvent ( ) ( 29. 1 1) .
, 29.1,
.
29.11. Widgetcpp. mouseMoveEvent ()
/virtual*/ void Widget ::mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent* pe)

{
if (pe->buttons ( ) & Qt: rLeftButton) {
int distance = (pe->pos() m_ptDragPos) .manhattanLength ( ) ;
if (distance > QApplication: : startDragDistance ( ) ) {
startDrag ( ) ;
}
}
QWidget: : mouseMoveEvent (pe) ;
}
dragEnterEvent ( ) ( 29.12)
, "application/widget ",
hasFormat ( ) .
WidgetMimeData : :mimeType ( ) .
29. 433
29.12. Widgetxpp. dragEnterEvent()
/virtual*/ void Widget::dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent* pe)

{
if (pe->mimeData()->hasFormat(WidgetMimeData::mimeType())) {
pe->acceptProposedAction();
mimeData ( )
( 29.13). ,
, , WidgetMimeData.
, widget().
setText().
29.13. Widgetxpp. drqpEventO
/virtual*/ void Widget::dropEvent(QDropEvent* pe)

(
const WidgetMimeData* pmmd =
dynamic_cast<const WidgetMimeData*>(pe->mimeData());
if (pmmd) {
QWidget* pwgt = pmmd->widget();
QString str("Widget is dropped\n ObjectName:%1");
setText(str.arg(pwgt->objectName()));

, (
).
, .
.
(drag & drop)
. Drag & drop
,
( ).
.
, .
,
. , Windows
. ,
, ,
.
434 V.
Qt QDrag drag & drop

QMimeData .
,
mousePressEvent () mouseMoveEvent ( ) .
dragEnterEvent ( ) dropEvent ( ) , (
) setAcceptDrops ( ) , true.
Qt .
30
.
.

. !!! .

-8 .
,
. .

. ,
,
. , ,
100 , 98 %
. , , ,
, , , ,
?
, !
Qt-
:
1. ( ).
2. lupdate.
3. (
Qt Linguist).
4. lrelease ,
QTranslator.
.

, ,
. , ,
, tr ( ) ,
QObject.
436 V.
, , .
. tr()
. ,
,
. :
setText(tr("Yes"));
tr ( ) QString::arg():
setText(tr("User Name: %1").arg(strName));
, tr ( )
, , ,
, , . ,
,
. ,
. :
QLabel 1(tr("Location", "On the map"));
tr ( ) ,
, ,
, . :
QKeySequence keyseq(tr("CTRL+L"));

. -

tr() , .
:
int n = getDays();
QLabel 1 (tr("day(s): "Plural or singular", n));
, , ,
,
.

: 8, ,
internationalization, ,
18, .
localization ():
110.
, , .
, 2876,56 2,876.56,
2.876,56.
. :
QLocale english(QLocale::English, QLocale::UnitedKingdom);
QString str = english.toString(2876.56); // str = 2,876.56
QLocale german(QLocale::German, QLocale::Germany);
str = german.toString(2876.56); //str = 2.876,56
, , , ,
. ,
30. 437
.
:
qApp->setLayoutDirection(Qt::RightToLeft);
Iupdate
tr ()
. lupdate.
tr ( ) ,
. , tr ( ) ,
TS- (Translation Source, ) .
, 30.1 . 30.1,
, :
lupdate main.cpp -ts main_ru.ts main_de.ts

lupdate ,
.
. 30.1.
30.1. main.cpp

{
QLabel lbl(QObject::tr("Hello"));
lbl.show();
return app.exec();
XML,
:
<!DOCTYPE TSXTS>
<context>
<name>QObject</name>
<message>
<source>Hello</source>
<translation type="unfinished"x/translation>
</message>
</context>
</TS>
438 V.
. translation
type . ,
translation :
<translation>3flpaBCTByfi</translation>
.
:
TRANSLATIONS = main ru.ts main de.ts
Qt Linguist
.

. , , , ,
.
Qt Linguist Qt
. .

, . ,
.
Qt Linguist
(. 30.2):
linguist main_ru.ts

.
, <Ctrl> (
) <Shift> ( ).
Qt Linguist : Context, Strings, Sources and
Forms, Source text, Phrases and guesses Warnings.
:
Context ,
TS-. .
. Context
, . Item
, ( ),
( );
Strings (), ,
.
. ;
Source and Forms ( )
, ;
Source text ( ) .
, ,
.
, ;
30. 439
800 /Users/maxsehlee/engine/apps/GroupPhoto/PhotoGUN/yyy/main_ru.ts - Qt Linguist

Context
$ 0 Zi 1
Strings Sources and Forms
toww Hems If? Source lexi infinite <QtWidgets>
c? QObject 1/1 Hello
int mainOnt argc, char** argv)
{
QLabel lbl(QObject::trCHello"));
Ibl.showO;
return app.execO;
}
| I
Source text
Hello
Russian translation

Russian translator comments
0 Phrases and guesses Q Warnings

Source phrase Translation Definition |
_ l/l MOD
. 30.2. Qt Linguist
Phrases and guesses ( )

;
Warnings () .
, ,
.
.
File | Save ( | ).
TS-
QM- (Messages file, ). File |
Release ( | ),
, Save ().
Irelease.
,
QM-
: lupdate, Qt Linguist lrelease.
440 V.
(TS-), ,
QM-:
lrelease myproject.pro
QM- QTranslator.
QTranslator .
QM-, QTranslator
load ( ) . QM-
. , 30.2,
, Hello (. 30.3).
. 30.3.
30.2 QTranslator. load ( )

main_ru.qm, .
, . ,
, , , QM-
, . installTranslator ( )
QApplication .
30.2. main.cpp

1
QApplication apptargc, argv) ;
QTranslator translator;
ptranslator.load("main_ru.qm", ".") ;
app. installTranslator (stranslator) ;
QLabel 1 (QObject: :tr ("Hello") ) ;

1 . show ( ) ;
1
,
Qt , , ,
WebKit . .
. QM- Qt
.
translations. , ,
: Qt,
( 30.3).
30.3. Qt
QTranslator qtTranslator;
.
qtTranslator load (QString (" : /translations/qt_" ) +
QLocale : : system ( ) . name ( ) ) ;
30. 441
qApp->installTranslation(sqtTranslator);
QTranslator appTranslator;
appTranslator.load(QString(":/translations/app_") +
QLocale::system().name());
appTanslator.load("main_ru.qm", ".");
qApp->installTranslator(sappTranslator);
QM- ,
30.3. QM-
,
.

.
, . .
,
QSettings .

.
,
. ,
,
. ,

. ,
, , ,
,
.
QSettings.
,
,
. ,
.
.
,
. ,

. , QCoreApplication::
installTranslator () QEvent::LanguageChange,
, QWidget.
,
. 30.4.
442 V.
30.4.
void MyLabel::changeEvent(QEvent* )
{
if (pe->type() == QEvent::LanguageChange) {
retranslateUi();
void MyLabel::retranslateUi()
{
setWindowTitle(tr("Current Language" ));
setText(tr("Hello"));
30.4
QWidget::changeEvent(), retranslateUi().
.

, :
void MyProgram::switchLanguage(int n)
{
switch (n) {
case RUSSIAN:
translator.load("myprogram_ru.qm"
break;
case GERMAN:
translator.load("myprogram_de.qm"
break;
}
qApp->installTranslator(stranslator);
}
, (,
),
.
QLocate::system(). QLocate,
name() "_". ,
: "en_us".

ISO 639-1, ISO 3166-1.
"_"
. , :
QString str = QLocale::system().name();
30. 443
if (str == "en_US") {
translator.load("myprogram_us.qm" //
//
}
else if (str == "de_CH") {
translator.load("myprogram_de.qm" //
//
}
else if (str == "ru") {
translator.load("myprogram_ru.qm" //
qApp->installTranslator(stranslator);

,
,
. , ,
. ,
, Google Translte (http://translate.google.com), Yahoo BabelFish (http://babelfish.
yahoo.com), ,
, , . ,
(, ) , , .

. 30.4. Pootle
444 V.
. ,
.
Qt Linguist.
,
Pootle (http://translate.sourceforge.net). ,
. 30.4, .
, ts,
xlf.
lconvert, Qt.

. tr ( ) QObject . -,
lupdate , . -
, .
, .
,
, : ,
, , , ,
. .
, lupdate,
ts (TS-) C++.
Qt Linguist.
QM-.
lrelease.
QM- QTransiator ioad().

installTranslator ( ) QCoreApplication.

, , .
31
(Menu)?
! (File)

.

,
. :
;
;
(), ;
.
Qt QMenu.
QMenu. .
( QAction, . 34).

. , ,
, hovered ( ) ,
- ,
.

,
. . 31.1 .
.
, , ,
( <Alt>
).
, ,
.
, , ,
. QMenuBar
QMenuBar.
446 V.
, , ,
, .
, About Qt ( Qt), , . 31.1,
<Ctrl>+<Q>.
. . 31.1.
31.1.
<Esc> <Ctrl>+<Z>

<F1> <Ctrl>+<X>
<Shift>+<F1> <Ctrl>+<C>

<Ctrl>+<N> <Ctrl>+<V>
<Ctrl>+<0> <Ctrl>+<F4>
MDI-
<Ctrl>+<P> <Ctrl>+<F6>

MDI-
<Ctrl>+<S> <Shift>+<Ctrl>+<F6>

MDI-
,
. ,
, ( )
<Alt>. , Exit () <Alt>+<E>
(. . 31.1).
:
31. 447
<Alt> ;
, ;
. ,
About Qt ( Qt), Menu ()
<Alt>+<M>, <Alt>+<A>.
SubMenu () (. . 31.1) ,
, Test ().
, , .
,
.

, .
.
.
() .
.
, .
,
.
, .
, , ,
. , ,
.
31.1 , . 31.1.
31.1. main.cpp

{
QMenuBar mnuBar;
QMenu* pmnu = new QMenu("&Menu");
pmnu->addAction("&About Qt",
&app,
SLOT(aboutQt()),
Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Q
);
pmnu->addSeparator();
QAction* pCheckableAction = pmnu->addAction("sCheckableltem");

pCheckableAction->setCheckable(true);
pCheckableAction->setCheeked(true);
448 V.
pmnu->addAction(QPixmap(":/img4.png" ), "Slconltem");
QMenu* pmnuSubMenu = new QMenu("SSubMenu", pmnu);

pmnu->addMenu(pmnuSubMenu);
pmnuSubMenu->addAction("&Test");
QAction* pDisabledAction = pmnu->addAction("SDisabledltem");

pDisabledAction->setEnabled(false);
pmnu->addSeparator();
pmnu->addAction("&Exit", &app, SLOT(quit()));
mnuBar.addMenu(pmnu);
mnuBar.show();
return app.exec();
}
,
.
QMenu. , QMenuBar
pmnuBar , , QMenu pmnu (. 31.1).

addActionO . addActionO
QAction. , .
setCheckable ( ) ( pCheckableAction)
. setCheckedO
. true,
, .
addActionO . ,
, &.
,
, .
, ,
. .
.
About Qt ( Qt) <Ctrl>+<Q>.
, ,
aboutQt ( ) .
. 14.2.
addSeparator ( ) .
(pDisableAction) ,

setEnabled().
addActionO
.
31. 449

Qt , ,
(Tear-off menu). ,
, ,
(. 31.2). , ,
.
TearOffMenu 3
. 31.2.
( 3 1.2), setTearOffEnabled()
pmnu, true,
.
31.2. main.cpp.

{
QMenuBar pmnuBar;
QMenu* pmnu = new QMenu("SMenu");
pmnu->setTearOffEnabled(true);
pmnu->addAction("Itemsl");
pmnu->addAction("Items2");
pmnu->addAction(Items3");
pmnu->addAction("SExit", Sapp, SLOT(quit()));
pmnuBar.addMenu(pmnu);
pmnuBar.show();
return app.exec();
450 V.

.
, .
, , QMenu.
, QMenuBar. . 31 .3
(. 31.1) ,
. :
Red (), Green () Blue (),
.
. 31.3.

ContextMenu 3 1.3
m pmnu. addActionO .
connect () triggered(QAction*) slotActivated(QAction*).
.
. , ContextMenu
QTextEdit,

HTML QTextEdit::setHtml().
, &,
QString::remove().
strColor.

QWidget ::contextMenuEvent ( ) ( )
. ( ) ,
globalPos ( ) .
QPoint,
.
31.3. main.cpp.
#pragma once
,
/ =======================================
class ContextMenu : public QTextEdit {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QMenu* m_pmnu;
31. 451
protected:
virtual void contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent* pe)
{
m_pmnu->exec(pe->globalPos());
}
public:
ContextMenu(QWidget* pwgt = 0)
: QTextEdit(pwgt)
{
setReadOnly(true);
m_pmnu = new QMenu(this);
m_pmnu->addAction("&Red");
m_pmnu->addAction("&Green");
m_pmnu->addAction("&Blue");
connect(m_pmnu,
SIGNAL(triggered(QAction*)),
SLOT(slotActivated(QAction*))
public slots:
void slotActivated(QAction* pAction)
{
QString strColor = pAction->text().remove("&");
setHtml(QString("<BODY BGCOLOR=%lx/BODY>").arg(strColor));
,
, .
: , ,
.
,
,
,
, .
,
. , ,
, , , ,
.
32
Windows
:
Windows:
?

: !
Windows: ?
,
. ,
.
.
:
;
;
.

,
,
. , ,
, .
,
, .
:
,
.
: Ok, Cancel () Apply ();
,
(. 8). ;
.
,
(. 11);
,
;
32. 453
.

;
Help (),
;
, , ,
: Open... (...). , ,
;
.
;
, .
,
;
.
. , ,
. , ,
;
,
, .
, ,
<Alt>, .
QDialog
QDialog ,
Qt (. . 5.1).
, ,
QDialog, ,
. :
;
.
,
QDialog: isetModal () QDialog::isModal () . true
, a false .

.
, , ,
. ,
.
.
,
,
. (),
,
454 V.
QDialog::Accepted QDialog::Rejected, Ok
Cancel ().
.

. :
MyDialog* pdlg = new MyDialog(&data);
if (pdlg->exec() == QDialog::Accepted) {
// Accepted
//
Data data = pdlg->getData();
delete pdlg;

,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
,
. ,
, .
show ( ) ,
. show ()
. hide ( ) .
,
. , show () hide()
, .
Close (),
.
!
Mac OS X
. ,
show () , .
show() raise ()
activateWindow().

( 32.1-32.6), . 32.1,
.
Press Me ( ) (. . 32.1, ),
First Name () Last Name () (. . 32.1,
).
32.1 startDialog,
.
32. 455
. 32.1.
32.1. main.cpp
#include "StartDialog.h"

{
StartDialog startDialog;
startDialog.show();
return app.exec();
}
StartDialog ( 32.2) QPushButton.

clicked () connect () slotButtonClickedO .
inputDialog, .

, , .
.
if .
, ( )
. , Ok,
.
, ,
.
32.2. StartDialog.h
#pragma once
#include "InputDialog.h"
//
class StartDialog : public QPushButton {
Q OBJECT
456 V.
public:
StartDialog(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QPushButton("Press Me", pwgt)
{
connect(this, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotButtonClicked()));
}
public slots:
void slotButtonClicked()
(
InputDialog* plnputDialog = new InputDialog;
if (plnputDialog->exec() == QDialog::Accepted) {
QMessageBox::information(0,
"Information",
"First Name: "
+ pInputDialog->firstName()
+ "\nLast Name: "
+ pInputDialog->lastName()
);
}
delete plnputDialog;
}
};
QDialog,
32.3. InputDialog :
m ptxtFirstName m ptxtLastName ,
: firstName() lastName().
32.3. InputDialog.h
#pragma once
#include <QDialog>
class QLineEdit;
// ==========================
class InputDialog : public QDialog {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QLineEdit* m_ptxtFirstName;
QLineEdit* m_ptxtLastName;
public:
InputDialog(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
QString firstNameO const;

QString lastName () const;
32. 457
?,
.
,
Qt::WindowTitleHint Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint.
,
( 32.4).
Cancel ().
clicked () Ok Cancel () accept () rejected!)
. , ( )
Ok QDiaiog::Accepted, Cancel ()
QDialog::Rejected.
32.4. InputDialog.cpp. InputDialog ( )
InputDialog::InputDialog(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/)

: QDialog(pwgt, Qt::WindowTitleHint | Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint)
{
m_ptxtFirstName = new QLineEdit;
m_ptxtLastName = new QLineEdit;
QLabel* plblFirstName = new QLabel("&First Name");

QLabel* plblLastName = new QLabel("&Last Name");
plblFirstName->setBuddy(m_ptxtFirstName);
plblLastName->setBuddy(m_ptxtLastName);
QPushButton* pcmdOk = new QPushButton("&Ok");

QPushButton* pcmdCancel = new QPushButton("sCancel");
connect(pcmdOk, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(accept()));

connect(pcmdCancel, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(reject()));
//Layout setup
QGridLayout* ptopLayout = new QGridLayout;
ptopLayout->addWidget(plblFirstName, 0, 0);
ptopLayout->addWidget(plblLastName, 1, 0);
ptopLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtFirstName, 0, 1);
ptopLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtLastName, 1, 1);
ptopLayout->addWidget(pcmdOk, 2,0);
ptopLayout->addWidget(pcmdCancel, 2, 1);
setLayout(ptopLayout);
firstName () ( 32.5).
32.5. InputDialog.cpp. firstName ()
QString InputDialog::firstName() const

{
return m_ptxtFirstName->text();
)
458 V.
firstName () ( 32.6).
32.6. InputDialog.cpp. lastName ()
QString InputDialog::lastName() const

{
return m_ptxtLastName->text();
}

,
, , . .
,
Qt.
,
, , .

,
, ,
. QFileDialog
(. 32.2)
.
, ,
. QFileDialog QDialog.
QFileDialog.
QFileDialog :
getOpenFileName() .
QString, (. . 32.2);
getOpenFileNames ( ) .
QStringList, ;
getSaveFileName .
QString;
getExistingDirectory()
.
QString, .
-,
, , .
getOpenFileName () (. . 32.2).
, , ( ),
. :
QString str = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(0, "Open Dialog", "*.cpp *.h");
32.7 , getSaveFileName(),
.
32. 459
_ Open Dialc
is k (:) Qt 41.2 src gui
| E-mails Document s Pictures Music

dialogs | ||| Search P -
Show results for All Kinds >> n \J\ C:\Qt\4... Adialcgs
Favorite Links Name Date modified Type Size

[~1 qdialog_p,h 6/19/2006 3:45 AM H File 2.24 KB
(Empty)
1 1 qerrormessage.cpp 6/19/2006 3:45 AM CPP File 7.78 KB
1 1qerrormessage.h 6/19/2006 3:45 AM H File 1.78 KB
,_, qfiledialog.cpp 6/19/2006 3:45 AM CPP File 812 KB !
l_i qfiledialcg.h 6/19/2006 3:45 AM HFile 10.9 KB
[_, qfiledialcg_p.h 69/2006 3:45 AM H File 7.02 KB
,_, qfiledialog_win.cpp 6/19/2006 3:45 AM CPP File 24.3 KB
i_ j qfontdialog.cpp 6/19/2006 3:45 AM CPP File 249 KB
j_ j qfontdialog.h 6/19/2006 3:45 AM HFile 2.67 KB
[_, qinputdialog.cpp 6/19/2006 3:45 AM CPP File 142 KB
Folders qinputdialoq.h 6/19/2006 3:45 AM H File 4.55 KB
: qfiledialog *.cpp *-h

]
upen Cancel
. 32.2.
32.7.
QPixmap pix(320, 200);

QString strFilter;
QString str =
QFileDialog::get Save FileName (0,
t r ("Save Pixmap" ),
"Pixmap",
"*.png ;; *.jpg ;; *.bmp",
sstrFilter
);
if ( Istr.isEmpty() ) {
if (strFilter.contains ("jpg")) {
pix.save (str, "JPG");
}
else if (strFilter.contains ("bmp") ) {
pix.save(str, "BMP");
else {
pix.save(str, "PNG");
}
, - .
32.7
320x200 ( pix). strFormat
460 V.
.
getSaveFileName () .
: , "Save Pixmap",
"Pixmap", ,
; ;
. , ,
( strFilter).
str , ,
strFilter QString::contains ()
.
QPixmap::save ( ) . JPG BMP ,
PNG.
getExistingDirectory ()
(. 32.3). :
QString str = QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(0, "Directory Dialog", "");
. 32.3.

,
(. 32.4).
pro- QtPrintSupport. :
QT += printsupport
QPrintDialog,
QPrinter (. 24) ,
. :
QPrinter printer;
QPrintDialog* pPrintDialog = new QPrintDialog(sprinter);
if (pPrintDialog->exec() == QDialog::Accepted) {
//
}
delete pPrintDialog;
32. 461
Print
General
Select Printer
|jp Microsoft XPS Document Writer
Status: Ready I I Pnnt to file Pceferences

Location:
Comment: Find Printer-
Page Range
All
Selection Current
1' Pages:
Print Cancel Apply
. 32.4.

QColorDialog (. 32.5).
, getColor ( ) .
. 32.5.
462 V.
.
. getColorO
QColor. , : Cancel
(), isvalido QColor.
true , ,
Cancel ().
:
QColor color = QColorDialog::getColor(blue);
if (!color.isValid()) {
// Cancel
)

, (. 32.6).
QFontDiaiog, QFontDialog.
. 32.6.
,
QFontDialog::getFont () .
. true ,
,

false. QFont,
.
getFont ( ) , .
:
bool bOk;
QFont fnt = QFontDialog::getFont(&bOk);
32. 463
if (!) {
// Cancel
}

. QinputDialog. ,
,
QLineEdit, , ?
, , ,
.
QinputDialog
:

getText ( ) ;
getinteger ( ) ;
getDouble() ;
getitem ( ) .
,
, ,
. , :
getinteger () getDouble ()
( ), :
( -2147483647) (
2 147483 647) ;
getText ( ) ,
( );
get item( ) (QStringList),
( ),
(
).
:
, , : Cancel
(), (. 5).
, (. 32.7) :
bool bOk;
QString str = QinputDialog::getText(,
"Input",
"Name:",
QLineEdit::Normal,
"Tarja",
&bOk
if (!bOk) {
// Cancel
464 V.
. 32.7.
QLineEdit::Normal QLineEdit::Password,
.

- Qt
QProgressDialog, QDialog.

. Cancel ()
. canceled (),
, .
,
, ,
. , ,
, setMinimumDuration ( ) .

setTotalsteps ( ) .
setProgress().
. 32.8.
, . 32.8, :
int = 100000;
QProgressDialog* pprd =
new QProgressDialog("Processing the data..., "sCancel", 0, n);
pprd->setMinimumDuration(0);
pprd->setWindowTitle("Please Wait");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

pprd->setValue(i);
qApp->processEvents();
32. 465
if (pprd->wasCanceled()) {
break;
}
}
pprd->setValue(n);
delete pprd;
QProgressDialog
.
Cancel ().
,
. , , .
, (. 5).
setMinimumDuration ( ) 0, ,
. setwindowTitle ( )
. , (
for), setValueO, .
processEvents ( )
,
(. 14). if
wasCanceled ( ) , Cancel (),
, .
reset ( ) ,
. ,
, setAutoReset ( ) true.
setAutoClose ( ) ,
true.

, .
: Next () Back ().
,
, ,
.
QWizard
addPage().
QWizardPage, setTitle ()
, .
,
. 32.8
, (. 32.9).
32.8.
class Wizard : public QWizard {

private:
QWizardPage* createPage(QWidget* pwgt, QString strTitle)
466 V.
{
QWizardPage* ppage = new QWizardPage;
ppage->setTitle(strTitle);
QVBoxLayout* playout = new QVBoxLayout;

playout->addWidget(pwgt);
ppage->setLayout(playout);
return ppage;
}
public:
Wizard::Wizard(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWizard(pwgt)
(
addPage(createPage(new QLabel("<Hl>Label 1</H1>"), "One"));
addPage(createPage(new QLabel("<Hl>Label 2</Hl>"), "Two"));
addPage(createPage(new QLabel("<Hl>Label 3</Hl>"), "Three"));
}
};
. 32.9.

,
QMessageBox. ,
.
32. 467

. , QMessageBox, .
, .
QMessageBox ,
.
: , ,
. .
,
.
.
, . 32.10, :
QMessageBox* pmbx =
new QMessageBox(QMessageBox::Information,
"MessageBox",
"<b>A</b> <i>Simple</i> <u>Message</u>",
QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No I
QMessageBox::Cancel
);
int n = pmbx->exec();
delete pmbx;
if (n == QMessageBox::Yes) {
// Yes
}
. 32.10.
.
, (. 32.1).
, ,
HTML. ,
(. 32.2), , ,
.
Yes, No Cancel. ,
Cancel (). ,
<Escape>,
Cancel.
,
, . ( )
QMessageBox
. ( ) -
468 V.
, . delete
. if
Yes ().
, , ,
QMessageBox. setText (),
setButtonText ( ) . setButtonText ( )
, . 32.2,
. setwindowTitle () .
set icon () ,
, . 32.1.
, ,
QPixmap setlconPixmap ( ) .
32.1.

Noicon 0
Information 1
V
Warning 2
Critical 3

Question 4
V
32.2. QMessageBox
NoButton No YesAll
Ok Abort NoAll
Cancel Retry Escape
Yes Ignore Default

.
information
, . 32.11:
QMessageBox: : information (0, "Information", "Operation Complete");
, (. . 32.2).
32. 469
. 32.11. . 32.12.

(. 32.12)
warning ( ) QMessageBox.
:
int n = QMessageBox: : warning (,
"Warning",
"The text in the file has changed"
"\n Do you want to save the changes?",
QMessageBox: : Yes I QMessageBox: :No,

QMessageBox: :Yes
);
if (n == QMessageBox: :Yes) {
// Saving the changes !
}
warning ( ) (
), , .
( Yes No). ,
( Yes).
<Escape>, warning () QMessageBox: : Escape.
Yes ().

, -
(. 32.13).
critical ( ) , ,
, . :
int n = QMessageBox: : critical (,
"Attention ,
"This operation will make your "
"computer unusable, continue?",
QMessageBox: : Yes I QMessageBox :: No I
QMessageBox: : Cancel
);
if (n == QMessageBox: :Yes) {
// Do it !
)
470 V.
. 32.13. . 32.14.

, ,
about ( ) QMessageBox. ,
: , ,
. . (. 32.14).
.
, ,
:
QMessageBox::about (0, "About", " Program Ver. 1.0");
About Qt
About Qt ( Qt) QMessageBox
aboutQt { ) . .
, .

About Qt
This program uses Qt version 5.3.1.
Qt is a C++ toolkit for cross-platform application development.
Qt provides single-source portability across all major desktop operating systems. It is also available for
embedded Linux and other embedded and mobile operating systems.
Qt is available under three different licensing options designed to accommodate the needs of our
various users.
Qt licensed under our commercial license agreement is appropriate for development of proprietary/
commercial software where you do not want to share any source code with third parties or otherwise
cannot comply with the terms of the GNU LG PL version 2.1 or GNU GPL version 3.0.
Qt licensed under the GNU LGPL version 2.1 is appropriate for the development of Qt applications
provided you can comply with the terms and conditions of the GNU LGPL version 2.1.
Qt licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3.0 is appropriate for the development of Qt
applications where you wish to use such applications in combination with software subject to the terms
of the GNU GPL version 3.0 or where you are otherwise willing to comply with the terms of the GNU GPL
version 3.0.
Please see ot.diQia.com/Product/Licensing for an overview of Qt licensing.
Copyright (C) 2014 Digia Pic and/or its subsidiary(-ies) and other contributors.
Qt and the Qt logo are trademarks of Digia Pic and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
Qt is developed as an open source project on qt-proiect.org.

Qt is a Digia product. See qt.diqia.com for more information.
OK
. 32.15. About Qt
32. 471
Qt. . 32.15,
. :
QMessageBox::aboutQt(0);

QErrorMessage,
QMessageBox, .
.
showMessage ( ) , . :
(new QErrorMessage(this))->showMessage("Write Error");
. 32.16, , ,
.

, .
, .
. 32.16.
,
. ,
QDialog.

, . ,
, ,
.
: .

. .
,
.
. ,
, .

472 V.
. , ,
, ,
.
,
,
, . .
,
,
, , ,
?
33
.
, , .
:
, ...
,
, , .
.
.
,

, .
:
;
;
(Online Help).

, , , ,

, (. 33.1).
(tooltip) , , .
, , , ,
.
,
- ,
. ,
, , .
,
. ,
, .
, Cancel ()
.
, setToolTip():
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("&Ok");
pcmd->setToolTip("Button");
474 V.
eon
I 2kr v I
*
Button | My Tool Tip
. 33.1. . 33.2.
, setToolTipO
.

(. 33.2), ( 33.1).
QLabel ,
setToolTip().

event (),
QEvent::ToolTip.
QHelpEvent,
.
toolTip ( ) .
, show ( ) . -
, hide()
, 3 . Mywidget
.
Qt::ToolTip. ( main())
Mywidget
setToolTip().
33.1. main.cpp
class Mywidget : public QWidget {

private:
QLabel* m_plblToolTip;
protected:
virtual bool event(QEvent* pe)
{
if (pe->type() == QEvent::ToolTip) {
QHelpEvent* peHelp = static_cast<QHelpEvent*>(pe);
m_plblToolTip->move(peHelp->globalPos());
m_plblToolTip->setText(toolTip());
m_plblToolTip->show();
QTimer::singleShot(3000, m_plblToolTip, SLOT(hide()));
return true;
}
return QWidget::event(pe);
33. 475
public:
MyWidget(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
m_plblToolTip = new QLabel;
m_plblToolTip->setWindowFlags(Qt::ToolTip);
};
//
{
MyWidget mw;
mw.setFixedSize(70, 70);
mw.setToolTip("<Hl>My Tool Tip</Hl>);
mw.show();
return app.exec();
}

,
. Whats this ( )
.
, ,
, .
, ? .
<Shift>+<Fl>.
( 33.2) . ?
,
(. 33.3).

Please press the 7-Button
. 33.3. Whats this
,
| () Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint
? (. 5).
Whats this ( ) setwhatsThis ( ) .
33.2, , setwhatsThis () ,
HTML.
476 V.
33.2. main.cpp

{
QLabel 1 ("Please press the ?-Button"(

0,
Qt::WindowTitleHint I Qt::WindowSystemMenuHint
I Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint
);
1 .setWhatsThis("<I>This is the Label</IXBRXB>Class QLabel</B>");
1 .show();
return app.exec();
}
(Online Help)
,
.
, Help
() <F1>.
HTML, , ,
, , .
, HTML
.
.
QTextBrowser (. 33.4),
HTML. ( 33.3 33.4)
.
, 33.3,
helpBrowser.
, .
33.3. main.cpp
#include "HelpBrowser.h"

{
HelpBrowser helpBrowser(":/", "index.htm");
33. 477
helpBrowser.resize(400, 300);
helpBrowser.show();
return app.exec();
}
. 33.4.
HelpBrowser ( 33.4)
: pcmdBack, pcmdHome pcmdForward.
connect () clicked ()
QTextBrowser: backwardO, home forwardO.
. connect ()
backwardAvailable(bool) forwardAvailable(bool) QTextBrowser
setEnabled(bool ) ( pcmdBack pcmdForward).
, , .
setSearchPath ( ) ,
. setSource ( ) .
(pvbxLayout) (phbxLayout)
.
33.4. HelpBrowser.h
/ / =================================
class HelpBrowser : public QWidget {
Q OBJECT
478 V.
public:
HelpBrowser(const QStrings strPath,
const QStrings strFileName,
QWidget* pwgt =0
) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
QPushButton* pcmdBack = new QPushButton("");
QPushButton* pcmdHome = new QPushButton("Home");
QPushButton* pcmdForward = new QPushButton("");
QTextBrowser* ptxtBrowser = new QTextBrowser;
connect(pcmdBack, SIGNAL(clicked()),
ptxtBrowser, SLOT(backward())
);
connect(pcmdHome, SIGNAL(clicked()),
ptxtBrowser, SLOT(home())
);
connect(pcmdForward, SIGNAL(clicked()),
ptxtBrowser, SLOT(forward())
);
connect(ptxtBrowser, SIGNAL(backwardAvailable(bool)),
pcmdBack, SLOT(setEnabled(bool))
);
connect(ptxtBrowser, SIGNAL(forwardAvailable(bool)),
pcmdForward, SLOT(setEnabled(bool))
);
ptxtBrowser->setSearchPaths(QStringList() strPath);
ptxtBrowser->setSource(QString(strFileName));
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdBack);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdHome);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmdForward);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(ptxtBrowser);
}
};

.
: ,
(Online Help).
33. 479
,
, . ,
.
,

.

. , ,
HTML,
.
QTextBrowser.
34
,
SDI- MDI-
,
.
IBM
, ,
. . , Qt ,
.
QMainWindow
QMainWindow , (. 34.1),
, ,

(. 31), , ,
. . ,
, .
, . 34.1, ,
, . ,
. .
.
QMainWindow: rmenuBar ( )
:
QMenu* pmnuFile = new QMenu("&File");
pmnuFile->addAction("&Save");
menuBar()->addMenu(pmnuFile);
, :
File () : New (),
Open (), Save (), Print () Quit ();
Edit () : Cut (),
(), Paste (), Undo (), Redo (), Find (
), Replace () Delete ();
View () ,
. , Zoom () .
34. , SDI- MDI- 481
,
, , ;
Help ()
(. 33). , ,
. ,
About ( ) , ,
.
. 34.1.
,
QMainwindow::centralwidget ( ) , QWidget.
QMainWindows: isetCentralwidget ()
.
QMainwindow::statusBar() .
,
(. . 34.1), , ,
.
QSizeGrip. (QMainwindow) ,
.
QAction
QAction ,
. , ,
,
482 V.
. .
. ,
,
, .
QAction
. , File | New ( | )
, .
, ,
.
QAction :
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
QAction
. :
QAction* pactSave = new QAction("file save action", 0);
pactSave->setText("&Save");
pactSave->setShortcut(QKeySequence("CTRL+S"));
pactSave->setToolTip("Save Document");
pactSave->setStatusTip("Save the file to disk");
pactSave->setWhatsThis("Save the file to disk");
pactSave->setIcon(QPixmap(":/img4.png"));
connect(pactSave, SIGNAL(triggered()), SLOT(slotSave()));
pmnu->addAction(pactSave);
QToolBar* ptb = new QToolBar("Linker ToolBar");
ptb->addAction(pactSave);
addAction() .
QMenu ( pmnuFile)
QToolBar ( ptb).

(Tool )
.
, , , , .
, ,

.
34. , SDI- MDI- 483
, ,
. Qt
QToolBar, QToolBar.
, , , ,
.
,
addAction ( ) , .
, .

.

(. 33) .
,
.
,
.
QToolBar addwidget().
( 34.1),
. 34.2,
.
.
QMainWindow.
. 34.2.
Mainwindow, 34.1, QMainwindow.

addToolBarO
, createToolBar ( ) Mainwindow.
addToolBarO
. createToolBar ( )
addAction ( ) , :
,
(. 19). QPixmap;
( );
slotNoimpl( ) ,
Not implemented ( ).
addSeparator().
34.1. MainWindow.h
#pragma once
484 V.
// ========================================================
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QMainWindow(pwgt)
{
addToolBar(Qt::TopToolBarArea, createToolBar());
addToolBar(Qt::BottomToolBarArea, createToolBar());
addToolBar(Qt::LeftToolBarArea, createToolBar());
addToolBar(Qt::RightToolBarArea, createToolBar());
}
QToolBar* createToolBar()
QToolBar* ptb = new QToolBar("Linker ToolBar");
ptb->addAction(QPixmap(":/imgl.png"), "1", this, SLOT(slotNoImpl()));

ptb->addAction(QPixmap(":/img2.png"), "2", this, SLOT(slotNoImpl()));
ptb->addSeparator();
return ptb;
}
public slots:
void slotNoImpl()
{
QMessageBox::information(0, "Message", "Not implemented");
.
QDockwidget. , ,
, ,

, ,
. . 34.1 () ,
.
QMainWindow :
QDockwidget* pdock = new QDockwidget("MyDock", this);

QLabel* plbl = new QLabel("Label in Dock", pdoc);
pdock->setWidget(plbl);
addDockWidget(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea, pdock);
( pdock)
, : MyDock.
34. , SDI- MDI- 485
( pibi)
setwidget ( ) .
QMainWindow: : addDockWidget ( ) . ,
, : Qt: :LeftDockwidgetArea,
. ,
setAllowedAreas () . ,
- , ,
,
:
pdock->setAllowedAreas (Qt : : BottomDockWidgetArea
I Qt : : TopDockWidgetArea
);
- .
,
. -, ,
. set Features () .
, - ,
:
pdock->setFeatures (QDockWidget: : DockWidgetMovable
| QDockWidget: : DockWidgetFloatable

, ,
,
.
QStatusBar, QStatusBar.
:
showMessage ( ) .
clearMessage () . showMessage ( )
,
.
;
(,
).
. ,
- ,
. ,
addwidgeto.
removewidget ( ) ;
, .
,
, <Caps Lock>, <Num Lock>,
<Insert> . . addPermanentwidget ( ) ,
.
486 V.
( 34.2) ,

(. 34.3).
34.2 Mainwindow QMainwindow.
, m plblx m plblY.
addwidget().
. 34.3. ,

mouseMoveEvent ( ) .
( ) ( ) ( ).
34.2. MainWindow.h
#pragma once
/ / ========================================================
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QLabel* m_plblX;
QLabel* m_plblY;
protected:
virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* pe)
{
m_plblX->setText(X=" + QString().setNum(pe->x()));
m_plblY->setText("Y=" + QString().setNum(pe->y()));
}
public:
Mainwindow(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QMainwindow(pwgt)
{
setMouseTracking(true);
34. , SDI- MDI- 487
_1 = new QLabel(this);
m_plblY = new QLabel(this);
statusBar()->addwidget(m_plblY);
statusBar()->addwidget(_1);
};

(Splash Screen).
, ,
.
.
Qt QSplashScreen.
main ( ) ( ) . ,
34.3, ,
(. 34.4).
VERSION 5.0
Copyright
Max Schlee
Loading modules: 55%
. 34.4.
34.3 .
,
show ( ) . QLabel ,
. loadModules () ,
,
. QTime (. 37) ,
i 40 .
showMessage ( ) ,
, (. . 7.1), (. . 17.1).
finish!) .
488 V.
, .
, ,
.
34.3. main.cpp
//
void loadModules(QSplashScreen* psplash)
{
QTime time;
time.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ) {

if (time.elapsedO > 40) {
time.start();
++i;
}
psplash->showMessage("Loading modules: "

+ QString: inumber(i) + "%",
Qt::AlignHCenter | Qt::AlignBottom,
Qt::black
);
}
}
//
{
QSplashScreen splash(QPixmap(":/splash.png"));
splash.show();
QLabel lbl("<Hl><CENTER>My Application<BR>"

"Is Ready!</CENTERX/Hl>"
loadModules(ssplash);
splash.finish(&lbl);
lbl.resize(250, 250);
lbl.show();
return app.exec();
34. , SDI- MDI- 489
SDI- MDI-
, . SDI
(Single Document Interface, ), MDI (Multiple
Document Interface, ). SDI-
, ,
. MDI-
( QMdiArea), ,
.
SDI-
SDI- (Notepad)
Windows. , 34.4-34.9,
(. 34.5).
. 34.5. SDI-
Docwindow, QTextEdit,
( 34.4). m_strFileName,
. changewindowTitle ( )
, . slotLoadO,
slotsave ( ) slotSaveAs ( ) .
34.4. DocWindow.h
#pragma once
#include <QTextEdit>
/ / ================================
class DocWindow: public QTextEdit {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QString m_strFileName;
public:
Docwindow(QWidget* pwgt =0);
490 V.
signals:
void changeWindowTitie(const QStrings);
public slots:
void slotLoad ();
void slotSave ();
void slotSaveAs();
};
, 34.5, .
34.5. DocWindow.cpp. DocWindow
DocWindow::DocWindow(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QTextEdit(pwgt )

{
}
slotLoad ( ) , 34.6,
QFileDialog::getOpenFileName () ,
. , ,
Cancel (), .
QString::isEmpty(). getOpenFileName ( )
, QFile,
. QiODevice::Readonly QFile::() ,
.
stream, .
QTextStream::readAll (),
QString.
setPlainText () . close ,
changewindowTitle () ,
DocWindow ,
.
34.6. DocWindow.cpp. slotLoad ()
void DocWindow::slotLoad()
{
QString str = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName();
if (str.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
QFile file(str);
if (file.open(QiODevice::Readonly)) {
QTextStream stream(&file);
setPlainText(stream.readAll());
file.close();
m_strFileName = str;
emit changewindowTitle(m_strFileName);
34. , SDI- MDI- 491
34.7 slotSaveAsO
QFileDialog::getSaveFileName ( ) .
Cancel (), ,
m strFileName , ,
slotSave().
34.7. DocWindow.cpp. slotSaveAs()
void DocWindow::slotSaveAs()
{
QString str = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(0, m_strFileName);
if (!str.isEmpty()) {
m_strFileName = str;
slotSave();
, ,
, . ,
.
QFile ( 34.8).
(), QiODevice::WriteOnly (,
, ). ,
, , .
, ,
, toPlainText ( ) .
QFile::close ()
. ,
, DocWindow.
34.8. DocWindow.cpp. slotSave()
void DocWindow::slotSave()
{
if (m_strFileName.isEmpty()) {
slotSaveAs();
return;
}
QFile file(m_strFileName);
if (file.open(QiODevice::WriteOnly)) {
QTextStream(sfile) toPlainText();
file.close();
emit changeWindowTitie(m_strFileName);
SDiProgram ( 34.9) QMainwindow.

: File () pmnuFile, Help (-
492 V.
) pmnuHelp
pdoc. addActionO
. ,
, ,
. Open... (...)
slotLoad (), Save () slotSave ( ) , Save As... (
...) slotSaveAs () . DocWindow.
About ( ) slotAbouto,
SDiProgram. menuBar () ,
addMenu ( ) File () Help (
). setCentralwidget
, .

changeWindowTitle () , ,
slotChangeWindowTitle () . showMessage ( ) , ,
Ready , (
2 ).
34.9. SDIProgram.h
#pragma once
# include "DocWindow.h"
# include "SDIProgram.h"
//
class SDiProgram : public QMainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
public:
SDiProgram (QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QMainWindow(pwgt)
{
QMenu* pmnuHelp = new QMenu("&Help");
DocWindow* pdoc = new DocWindow;
pmnuFile->addAction("&Open...",
pdoc,
SLOT (slotLoad ( ) ),
QKeySequence ("CTRL+O")
);
pmnuFile->addAction("&Save",
pdoc,
SLOT(slotSave () ),
QKeySequence ("CTRL+S")
);
pmnuFile->addAction ( "S&ave As..
pdoc,
SLOT (slotSaveAs () )
);
34. , SDI- MDI- 493
pmnuFile->addSeparator();
pmnuFile->addAction("&Quit",
qApp,
SLOT(quit()),
QKeySequence("CTRL+Q")
);
pmnuHelp->addAction("&About",
this,
SLOT(slotAbout()),
Qt::Key_Fl
);
menuBar()->addMenu(pmnuHelp);
setCentralWidget(pdoc);
connect(pdoc,
SIGNAL(changeWindowTitle(const QStrings)),
SLOT(slotChangeWindowTitle(const QStrings))
);
statusBar()->showMessage("Ready", 2000);
}
public slots:
void slotAbout()
{
QMessageBox::about(this, "Application", "SDI Example");
}
void slotChangeWindowTitle(const QStrings str)

{
setWindowTitle(str);
};
MDI-
MDI-
. ,
.
. ,
.
, (. 34.6),
QMdiArea.
.
tileSubwindows () cascadeSubwindows ( ) , .
QMdiArea: isubwindowList () ,
QMdiSubwindow.
494 V.
QMainWindow

. 34.6. Dl-
( 34.10-34.20), . 34.7,
, MDI-.
Docwindow, SDI- (. 34.4-34.8).
. 34.7. MDI-
34. , SDI- MDI- 495
MDiProgram, 34.10, ,
, Windows (
) m pmnuWindows m_psigMapper.

QAction triggered () .
,
.
QSignaiMapper. . 2.
MDiProgram ,
slotwindows () , : slotLoadO, slotSaveO
slotSaveAs( ) ,
slotNewDoc ( ) ,
slotAbout().
34.10. MDIProgram.h
#pragma once
#include <QMainWindow>
class QMenu;
class QMdiArea;
class QSignaiMapper;
class DocWindow;
,, =========================================
class MDiProgram : public QMainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QMdiArea* m_pma;
QMenu* m_pmnuWindows;
QSignaiMapper* m_psigMapper;
DocWindow* MDiProgram::createNewDoc();
public:
MDiProgram(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotChangeWindowTitle(const QStrings);
private slots:
void slotNewDoc ( );
void slotLoad ( );
void slotSave ( );
void slotSaveAs ( );
void slotAbout ( );
void slotwindows ( );
void slotSetActiveSubWindow(QWidget*);
};
496 V.
MDiProgram ( 34.1 1)
, pactNew, pactOpen
pactSave . triggered ()
MDiProgram. addActionO
.
File | Quit ( | )
closeAllwindows( ) , .
MDI- QMdiArea.
,
setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy() setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(),
Qt::ScrollBarAsNeeded
, .
setCentralwidget ( ).
( m_psigMapper)
mapped () slotSetActiveSubwindowO,
MDiProgram. ,
slotSetActiveSubwindowO.
(. 34.20).
showMessage(), ,
Ready 3 .
34.11. MDIProgram.cpp. MDiProgram
MDiProgram::MDiProgram(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QMainWindow(pwgt)

{
QAction* pactNew = new QAction("New File", 0);
pactNew->setText("&New");
pactNew->setShortcut(QKeySequence("CTRL+N"));
pactNew->setToolTip("New Document");
pactNew->setStatusTip("Create a new file");
pactNew->setWhatsThis("Create a new file");
pactNew->setIcon(QPixmap(":/filenew.png"));
connect(pactNew, SIGNAL(triggered()), SLOT(slotNewDoc()));
QAction* pactOpen = new QAction("Open File", 0);

pactOpen->setText("&Open...");
pactOpen->setShortcut(QKeySequence("CTRL+O"));
pactOpen->setToolTip("Open Document" );
pactOpen->setStatusTip("Open an existing file");
pactOpen->setWhatsThis("Open an existing file");
pactOpen->setIcon(QPixmap(":/fileopen.png"));
connect(pactOpen, SIGNAL(triggered()), SLOT(slotLoad()));
QAction* pactSave = new QAction("Save File", 0);

pactSave->setText("&Save");
pactSave->setShortcut(QKeySequence("CTRL+S"));
pactSave->setToolTip("Save Document" );
pactSave->setStatusTip("Save the file to disk");
34. , SDI- MDI- 497
pactSave->setWhatsThis("Save the file to disk");

pactSave->setIcon(QPixmap(":/filesave.png"));
connect(pactSave, SIGNAL(triggered()), SLOT(slotSave()));
QToolBar* ptbFile = new QToolBar("File Operations");

ptbFile->addAction(pactNew);
ptbFile->addAction(pactOpen);
ptbFile->addAction(pactSave);
addToolBar(Qt::TopToolBarArea, ptbFile);

pmnuFile->addAction(pactNew);
pmnuFile->addAction(pactOpen);
pmnuFile->addAction(pactSave);
pmnuFile->addAction("Save &As...", this, SLOT(slotSaveAs()));
pmnuFile->addSeparator();
pmnuFile->addAction("&Quit",
qApp,
SLOT(closeAllWindows()),
QKeySequence("CTRL+Q")
);
m_pmnuWindows = new QMenu("&Windows");

menuBar()->addMenu(m_pmnuWindows);
connect(m_pmnuWindows, SIGNAL(aboutToShow()), SLOT(slotWindows()));
menuBar()->addSeparator();
QMenu* pmnuHelp = new QMenu("&Help");

pmnuHelp->addAction("&About", this, SLOT(slotAbout()), Qt::Key_Fl);
menuBar()->addMenu(pmnuHelp);
m_pma = new QMdiArea;

m_pma->setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAsNeeded);
m_pma->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAsNeeded);
setCentralWidget(m_pma);
m_psigMapper = new QSignalMapper(this);

connect(m_psigMapper,
SIGNAL(mapped(QWidget*)),
this,
SLOT(slotSetActiveSubWindow(QWidget*))
);
statusBar()->showMessage("Ready", 3000);
}
slotNewDocO, 34.12,
.
498 V.
34.12. MDIProgram.cpp. slotNewDocO
void MDIProgram::slotNewDoc()
{
createNewDoc()->show();
}
34.13 createNewDoc ( ) DocWindow,

addSubwindow ( ) .
setAttribute ( ) Qt : :WA_DeleteOnClose, ,
.
setwindowTitle () .
setwindowiconO .
, , ,
changeWindowTitle ( ) slotChangeWindowTitle().
34.13. MDIProgram.cpp. createNewDoc()
DocWindow* MDIProgram::createNewDoc()
{
DocWindow* pdoc = new DocWindow;
m_pma->addSubWindow(pdoc);
pdoc->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose);
pdoc->setWindowTitle("Unnamed Document");
pdoc->setWindowIcon(QPixmap(":/filenew.png"));
connect(pdoc,
SIGNAL(changeWindowTitle(const QStrings)),
SLOT(slotChangeWindowTitle(const QStrings))
return pdoc;
}
slotChangeWindowTitle () private .
DocWindow,
setwindowTitle () ,
( 34.14).
34.14. MDIProgram.cpp. slotChangeWindowTitle()
void MDIProgram::slotChangeWindowTitle(const QStrings str)

{
qobject_cast<DocWindow*>(sender())->setWindowTitle(str);
}
slotLoadO createNewDoc ,
, ,
( 34.15).
34. , SDI- MDI- 499
34.15. MDIProgram.cpp. slotLoadO
void MDIProgram::slotLoad()
{
DocWindow* pdoc = createNewDoc();
pdoc->slotLoad();
pdoc->show();
}
siotSave ()
, , DocWindow ,
( 34.16).
34.16. MDIProgram.cpp. slotSaveQ
void MDIProgram::slotSave()
{
DocWindow* pdoc = qobject_cast<DocWindow*>(m_pma->activeSubWindow());
if (pdoc) {
pdoc->slotSave();
}
}
slotSaveAsO slotSaveO (. 34.16),

slotSaveAs () ( 34.17).
34.17. MDIProgram.cpp. slotSaveAs()
void MDIProgram::slotSaveAs()
{
DocWindow* pdoc = qobject_cast<DocWindow*>(m_pma->activeSubWindow());
if (pdoc) {
pdoc->slotSaveAs();
slotAbout ( ) (
34.18).
34.18. MDIProgram.cpp. slotAboutO
void MDIProgram::slotAbout()
{
QMessageBox::about(this, "Application", "MDI Example");
}
MDI- SDI
Windows (),
,
. ,
clear () ( 34.19).
500 V.
Windows () Cascade () Tile

(). (
subwindowList ( )), setEnabledO
. for
. setCheckable ( ) true
, ,
. ,
, setChecked( ) .
, triggered ( ) ( pact) ( )
m psigMapper. ,
mapped () (. 34.1 1)
, at ( ) , setMapping ().
34.19. MDIProgram.cpp. slotwindows ()
void MDIProgram::slotwindows ()
{
m_pmnuWindows->clear ( );
QAction* pact = m_pmnuW i ndows->addAct ion("&Cascade",

m_pma,
SLOT(cascadeSubWindows () )
);
pact->setEnabled ( !m_pma->subWindowList ().isEmpty( ) );
pact = m_pmnuWindows->addAction ("&Tile",

m_pma,
SLOT (tileSubWindows( ) )
);
pact->setEnabled ( !m_pma-> subwindowList ().isEmpty( ) );
m_pmnuWindows->addSeparator();
QList<QMdiSubWindow*> listDoc = m_pma->subWindowList ();

for (int i = 0; i < listDoc.size(); ++i) {
pact = m_pmnuWindows->addAction(listDoc.at (i)->windowTitle ( ));
pact->setCheckable(true);
pact->setChecked(m_pma->activeSubWindow ( ) == listDoc.at (i) );
connect (pact, SIGNAL(triggered () ), m_psigMapper, SLOT (map ( ) ));
m_psigMapper->setMapping (pact, listDoc.at (i) );
slot Set Act iveSubwindow() ( 34.20)

. ,
, QMdiSubwindow
set ActiveSubWindow ( ).
34. , SDI- MDI- 501
34.20. MDIProgram.cpp. slotSetActiveSubWindow()
void MDIProgram::slotSetActiveSubWindow(QWidget* pwgt)

{
if (pwgt) {
m_pma->setActiveSubWindow(qobject_cast<QMdiSubWindow*>(pwgt));

. ,
, .

: ,
.
QAction
, , .
, .
: SDI (Single Document Interface,
) MDI (Multiple Document Interface,
). MDI SDI-
, SDI- , MDI-
,
.
QMainwindow ,
, . ,
. QMdiArea
, MDI-.
, ,
, , , . .
,
QSplashScreen. .
35
(Desktop)
,
, .

, ,
. ,
, . ,
.

(Notification area) . Windows
(. 35.1) (Taskbar Notification Area),
(System Tray),
( KDE (. 35.2) GNOME
(. 35.3)), Mac OS X Menu Extras
(. 35.4). .
.
> 9:43
ti % Q 04:13 Pm 1/
. 35.1. Windows . 35.2. KDE/Linux
) PrI Jan 30, 4:10 | t 1 @ Thu 17:11 Q,

. 35.3. GNOME/Linux . 35.4. Mac OS X
,
( ), ,
. , , , Skype ICQ, Windows
.
, ,
.
35. (Desktop) 503
, , ,

.
, ?
QSystemTrayicon.
. . ,
seticonO,
show ( ) . ,
showMessage().

setToolTip()
, ,
, . , ,
,

. setContextMenu().
.
( 35.1-35.7) ,
(. 35.5):
Show/Hide Application Window (/ )
. 35.6 . , ;
Show Message ( ) , . 35.7;
Change Icon ( )
;
Quit ().
, (. 35.8).
Sh w/Hi de Application Wi n d w
Show Message
Changelccn System Tray
Quit
Application Window
larmF- Editor < L3 F 4* 12:22 AM
. 35.5. . 35.6.
For your information

You have selected the "ShowMessage!" option
V C-
. 35.7. . 35.8.
, 35.1, .
,
QApplication::setQuitOnLastwindow ( )
false. Qt , , ,
504 V.
, , ,
.
show().
35.1. main.cpp
#include "SystemTray.h"

{
SystemTray st;
QApplication::setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(false);
return app.exec();
}
, 35.2,
. QLabel, .
:
QSystemTrayicon ( m_ptrayicon),
;
QMenu ( m ptrayiconMenu),
;
m biconSwitcher,
.
closeEvent(),
.
: slotShowHide ( ) , slotShowMessage ( ) slotChangelcon ( )
.
35.2. SystemTray.h
#pragma once
#include <QLabel>
class QSystemTrayicon;
class QMenu;
/ / ==================================
class SystemTray : public QLabel {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QSystemTrayicon* m_ptrayIcon;
QMenu* m_ptrayIconMenu;
bool m blconSwitcher;
35. (Desktop) 505
protected:
virtual void closeEvent(QCloseEvent*);
public:
SystemTray(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
public slots:
void slotShowHide ();
void slotShowMessage();
void slotChangelcon ();
};
( 35.3) (QAction)
. (QMenu)
.
(QSystemTrayicon), this.
setContextMenu() .
setToolTip() System Tray.
slotChangelcon(),
. , show()
.
35.3. SystemTray..
SystemTray::SystemTray(QWidget* pwgt /*=*/)

: QLabel("<H1application Window</Hl>", pwgt)
, m_bIconSwitcher(false)
{
setWindowTitle("System Tray")
QAction* pactShowHide =
new QAction("&Show/Hide Application Window", this);
connect(pactShowHide, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this, SLOT(slotShowHide())
QAction* pactShowMessage = new QAction("Sshow Message", this);

connect(pactShowMessage, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this, SLOT(slotShowMessage())
);
QAction* pactChangelcon = new QAction O'&Change Icon", this);

connect(pactChangelcon, SIGNAL(triggered()),
this, SLOT(slotChangelcon())
);
QAction* pactQuit = new QAction("&Quit", this);

connect(pactQuit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit()));
m_ptrayIconMenu = new QMenu(this);

m_ptrayIconMenu->addAction(pactShowHide);
506 V.
m_ptrayIconMenu->addAction(pactShowMessage);
m_ptrayIconMenu->addAction(pactChangelcon);
m_ptrayIconMenu->addAction(pactQuit);
m_ptrayIcon = new QSystemTraylcon(this);

m_ptrayIcon->setContextMenu(m_ptrayIconMenu);
m_ptrayIcon->setToolTip( "System Tray");
slotChangelcon();
m_ptrayIcon->show();
)
, , ,
.
( 35.4). , ,
, hide ( ) , .
35.4. SystemTray.cpp. closeEventO
/*virtual*/void SystemTray::closeEvent(QCloseEvent* pe)

{
if (m_ptrayIcon->isVisible()) {
hide();
siotshowHide ( ) , 35.5, Show/Hide

Application Window.
. , , , .
35.5. SystemTray.cpp. slotShowHideO
void SystemTray::slotShowHideO
{
setvisible(!isVisible());
}
slotshowMessage ( ) Show Message.

showMessage ( ) ( 35.6).
, , ,
,
,
, 3 .
35.6. SystemTray.cpp. slotshowMessage ( )
void SystemTray::slotshowMessage()
{
m_ptrayIcon->showMessage("For your information",
"You have selected the "
35. (Desktop) 507
"V'Show Message!\" option",

QSystemTraylcon::Information,
3000
);
}
slotchangeicon ( ) Change Icon

( 35.7).
m biconSwitcher ,
, : img1.bmp img2.bmp.
seticon().
35.7. SystemTray.cpp. slotchangeicon ( )
void SystemTray: : slotchangeicon ( )

{
m_bIconSwitcher = !m_bIconSwitcher;
QString strPixmapName = m_bIconSwitcher ? " : /images/imgl .bmp"
: " : / image s / img2 . bmp ";
m_ptrayIcon->setIcon (QPixmap (strPixmapName) ) ;
}

QDesktopwidget .
,
,
. , ,
.
desktopO, QApplication. ,
, :
1. , QApplication: : desktop!) .
2. width ( ) height ( ) .
3.
(width ( ) height ( ) ).
4. move ( ) .
:
pwgt->move ( (QApplication: : desktop ->width ( ) pwgt->width ( ) ) / 2,
(QApplication: : desktop () ->height ( ) pwgt->height ( ) ) / 2
);
,
, ,
( , ,
, ,
):
508 V.
numScreens ( ) ;
primaryScreen ( ) ,
;
isvirtualDesktop ( ) .
,

;
screenNumber ( )
( QPoint)
, . :
int nScreen = desktopWidget->screenNumber(QPoint(320, 115));

, QDesktopWidget : :screenGeometry ( )
width () height() .
:
QDesktopWidget* pwgt = QApplication::desktop();
for (int i = 0; i < pwgt->numScreens(); ++i) {
qDebugO "Screen:" i;
qDebugO "width:" pwgt->screenGeometry(i).width();
qDebugO "height:" pwgt->screenGeometry(i).height();
}
, QDesktopWidget
resized!) ,
screenCountChangedt ).
.
( 35.8-35.11),
Capture Screen ( )
(. 35.9).
( 35.8) 35.9-
35.1 1 Grabwidget, .
35.8. main.cpp
#include "Grabwidget.h"

{
Grabwidget wgt;
wgt.show();
return app.exec( );
35. (Desktop) 509
. 35.9. ,
Grabwidget ( 35.9)
(m_pibi),
. slotGrabScreen{),
.
35.9. GrabWidget.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
class QLabel;
/ / ================================
class Grabwidget : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QLabel* m_plbl;
public:
Grabwidget(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
510 V.
public slots:
void slotGrabScreen();
};
, 35.10, Capture
Screen ( ) clicked ()
slotGrabScreen ( ) .
pvbxbayout.
35.10. GrabWidget.cpp.
Grabwidget::GrabWidget(QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)

{
resize(640, 480);
m_plbl = new QLabel;
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("Capture Screen");

connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotGrabScreen()));
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_plbl);
)
35.11 , , ,
.
, desktop ( ) . QPixmap

, grabwindow ( )
, , , winid ( ) .
grabwindow ( ) ,
. ,
. screen ( ) ,
,
, , ,
. ,
.

,
QDesktopWidget::numScreens().

( scaled( ) ),
setPixmap().
35. (Desktop) 511
35.11. GrabWidget.cpp. slotGrabScreen()
void GrabWidget::slotGrabScreen()
{
QDesktopWidget* pwgt = QApplication::desktop();
QPixmap pic = QPixmap::grabWindow(pwgt->screen( )->winld());
m_plbl->setPixmap(pic.scaled(m_plbl->size()));
}

QDesktopServices.
, , , ,
, , , . .
storageLocation ( ) , : QDesktopServices: :
MoviesLocation.

Web-. Web-
, , :
bool bRes = QDesktopServices::openUrl(QUrl ("http://www.bhv.ru"));
qDebugO "Result:" bRes;
. ,
:
QDesktopServices::openUrl(QUrl::fromLocalFile(":\\myfile.txt"));
( Windows )
, , ,
.
QSystemTraylcon.
QDesktopWidget.
.
QDesktopServices Web-
.
VI
Qt

, . ,
.
, .

36. , /
37. ,
38.
39.
40. XML
41.
42.
43. Qt API
44. Qt Designer.
45.
46. WebKit
47. Qt Creator
48. Qt 4 Qt 5
36
,
/

, ,
.

, . (
, Windows) ,
, Qt
, :
QDir ;
QFile ;
QFileinfo ;
QiODevice /;
QBuffer .
/. QiODevice
QiODevice , /,
/,
.
. Qt
, QiODevice (. 36.1):
QFile ;
QBuffer ,
QByteArray, ;
QAbstractSocket
(. 39);
QProcess ,
(. 38)
, QiODevice.
516 VI. Qt
. 36.1. /
QObject
QiODevice
QAbsf ractStocket I

,
QiODevice:
J QTcpSocket
J QS si Socket
J
QiODevice::NotOpen ( [ QUdpSockei
open ());
QFile
QiODevice::Readonly
; [ QTemporaryFile
QiODevice::WriteOnly
; [ QBuffer
QiODevice:: ReadWrite | QProcess
( , Readonly | writeOnly);
QiODevice::Append ;
QiODevice: Unbuffered
;
QiODevice::Text
. Windows "\\", MacOS X
Unix "\";
QiODevice::Truncate , ,
.
,
, openMode ( ).
read ( ) write ( ) .
readAll(),
QByteArray. readLine ( ) getChar ( )
.
QiODevice : seek ( ) .
pos . ,
. ,
, . ,
size , .
QFile, QBuffer QTemporaryFile.
/, Qt
, QiODevice
readData ( ) writeData ( ) .
open( ), close ( ) atEnd ( ).
QiODevice, ,
, ,
. ,
:
36. , / 517
void print(QIODevice* pdev)

{
char ch;
QString str;
pdev->open(QIODevice::Readonly);
for (; !pdev->atEnd();) {
pdev->getChar(&ch);
str += ch;
pdev->close();
qDebugO str;
QIODevice ,
/. ,
, , , .
, ,
isReadable ( ) isWriteable( ) .
. QFile
QFile QIODevice (. . 36.1).
: , , . ,
, .
, setName ( ) . :
QFile file;
file.setName("file.dat");
, .
QIODevice::isOpen(), true, ,
false. , close ( ) .
.
, QFile:: flush ( ) .
, , QFile::exists .
, .
, true, false.
QFile: : exists ,
, fileNameO. QIODevice: : read
QIODevice: : write .
:
QFile filel("filel.dat");
QFile file2("file2.dat ");
if (file2.exists()) {
// . ?
if (!filel.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
qDebugO << " ";
)
518 VI. Qt
if (!file2.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
qDebugO " ";
}
char [1024];
while(!filel.atEnd()) {
int nBlocksize = filel.read(a, sizeof(a));
file2.write(a, nBlocksize);
}
filel.close();
file2.close();
,
QIODevice::write () QIODevice::readAll () .
QByteArray, :
QFile filel("filel.dat");
QFile file2("file2.dat");
if (file2.exists()) {
// . ?
}
if (!filel.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
qDebug() " ";
}
if (!file2.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
qDebugO " ";
}
QByteArray = filel.readAll();
file2.write(a);
filel.close();
file2.close();

, ,
, .
,
. qCompressO
quncompress , QByteArray.
QByteArray
QByteArray.
.
QFile remove()
, .
QBuffer
QBuffer QIODevice (. . 36.1)
(memory mapped files).
:
36. , / 519
open ( ) close ( ) . write ( ) read ( )

. ,
, :
QByteArray arr;
QBuffer buffer (&arr) ;
buffer .open (QIODevice: :WriteOnly) ;
QDataStream out (sbuffer) ;
out QString ( "Message" ) ;
, QByteArray.
buffer ( )
QByteArray, setBuffer ( ) QByteArray
.
data () buffer (), setDataO setBuffer ()
, QByteArray,
.
QBuffer . ,
QBuffer, , ,
.
QTemporaryFile
. ,
,
- .
QTemporaryFile .
, ,
, .
,
QDir: :tempPath().
.
. QDir
. Windows
, : C:\Windows\System. UNIX /,
: /usr/bin. ,
.
Qt QDir.
, :
QDir : : current ( ) ;
QDir : :root ( ) ;
QDir : : drives ( ) QFileinfo,
( Windows :\, D:\ . .);
QDir : : home ( ) .
520 VI. Qt

QDir ,
. ,
QApplication: : applicationDirPath ( ) , QApplication: :
applicationFilePath ( ) , .
exists ().
, cd(),
. ..
, cdup ( ) cd ( " " ) cdup ( ) .
, .

makeAbsolute ( ) .
mkdir ( ) .
true, false.
,
rename ( ) . ,
. , true, false.
rmdir(), ,
true, false.

QDir .
,
. entryList ( ) entryinfoList ( ) .
(QStringList),
(QFileinfoList). ,
, count ( ) .
( 36.1-36.4), . 36.2,
, Directory ().
. 36.2.
36. , / 521
.
Mask () . ,
C++ Mask () *.
*.h. Find ()
.
.
FileFinder, 36.1,
( m ptxtDir, m ptxtMask
m ptxtResuit). ,
QDir::absolutePath ( ) , , ,
, QDir::current () .
, .
( pcmdFind
pcmdDir), slotFindO slotBrowseO .
setBuddy ( )
.
QGridLayout (. ).
36.1. FileFinder.cpp. FileFinder
FileFinder::FileFinder(QWidget* pwgt/*= 0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)

{
m_ptxtDir = new QLineEdit(QDir::current().absolutePath());
m_ptxtMask = new QLineEdit("*.cpp *.h");
m_ptxtResult = new QTextEdit;
QLabel* plblDir = new QLabel("SDirectory");

QLabel* plblMask = new QLabel("SMask");
QPushButton* pcmdDir = new QPushButton(QPixmap(":/fileopen.png"),
QPushButton* pcmdFind = new QPushButton("SFind");
connect(pcmdDir, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotBrowse()));

connect(pcmdFind, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotFind()));
plblDir->setBuddy(m_ptxtDir);
plblMask->setBuddy(m_ptxtMask);
//Layout setup
QGridLayout* pgrdLayout = new QGridLayout;
pgrdLayout->setMargin(5);
pgrdLayout->setSpacing(15);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(plblDir, 0, 0);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(plblMask, 1, 0);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtDir, 0, 1);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtMask, 1, 1);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdDir, 0, 2);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(pcmdFind, 1, 2);
pgrdLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtResult, 2, 0, 1, 3);
setLayout(pgrdLayout);
522 VI. Qt
36.2 slotBrowse () ,
.
Directory () setText ( ) .
36.2. FileFinder.cpp. slotBrowse()
void FileFinder ::slotBrowse ( )

{
QString str = QFileDialog: :getExistingDirectory (0,
"Select a Directory",
m_ptxtDir->text ( )
if ( ! str .isEmpty ( ) ) {
m_ptxtDir->setText (str) ;
}
slotFindO , start ()
( 36.3).
36.3. FileFinder.cpp. slotFindO
void FileFinder: :slotFindO

{
start (QDir (m_ptxtDir->text ( ) ) );
}
start () ( 36.4).
,
,
.
QApplication: :processEvent { )
. start () listFiles
, . .
,
. ,
QString: : split () . ( QDir:: Files) ,
.
append ( ) .
entryList () QDir: :Dirs
. , " . " " . . start ( ) .
36.4. FileFinder.cpp. start()
void FileFinder ::start (const QDir& dir)

{
QApplication: :processEvents ( ) ;
36. , / 523
QStringList listFiles =
dir.entryList (m_ptxtMask->text () .split (" ") , QDir :: Files) ;
foreach (QString file, listFiles) {

m_ptxtResult->append (dir .absoluteFilePath (file) ) ;
}
QStringList listDir = dir .entryList (QDir :: Dirs) ;

foreach (QString subdir, listDir) {
if (subdir == " . " || subdir {
continue;
}
start (QDir (dir .absoluteFilePath (subdir) ) ) ;

36.4 QDir: :NoDotAndDotDot
. ..
" " " .
entryList () .
setFilter().
setsorting () .
, :
.
dir setFilter (QDir: : Files I QDir: : Hidden) ;
.
dir setSorting (QDir : :Size) ;
QStringList content = dir .entryList () ;
. QFilelnfo
QFilelnfo :
, , , . .
QFile.
?
, , ,
. isFileO isDir().
, isFileO true, false.
, isDir ( ) true, false. ,
QFilelnfo isSymLinkO, true,
( symbolic link UNIX, Windows
(shortcut)).

UNIX
. in -s.
524 VI. Qt

,
filePathf).
absoluteFilePath ( ) ,
fileNameO,
. , baseName ( ) .
compieteSuffix ( ) .

, .
QFilelnfo createdO, lastModifiedO lastReadO
. QDateTime (. 38),
toString ( ) . :
//
filelnfo.created().toString();
//
filelnfo.lastModified().toString();
//
filelnfo.lastRead().toString();

, .
QFilelnfo :
isReadabie ( ) true,
;
iswriteable ( ) true,
;
true, ;
isHidden ( )
isExecutable ( ) true, .
UNIX , DOS
Windows, .

size QFilelnfo .
, ,
. ,
, ,
G, .
, ( ,
):
QString fileSize(qint64 nSize)
{
int i = 0;
36. , / 525
for (; nSize > 1023; nSize /= 1024, ++i) {

if(i >= 4) {
break;
return QString().setNum(nSize) + "BKMGT"[i];

}

,
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
QFileSystemWatcher.
addPathO ,
,
removePath ( ) . fileChanged( ) ,
directoryChangedO . ,
.
.
( 36.5-36.7),

(. 36.3).
1 *1 File System Watcher [ ~|

Watchinq files:c:\WINDOW5\0, Hog
Watching dirs:c:\WINDOWS
F ile changed :c:\WINDOWS\0 log .
F ile changed ; c:\WINDOW5\0,log . 36.3. ,
File changed:c:\WINDOW5\0 log
Directory changed:c:\WINDOWS
.

(. 36.5)
QTextEdit
slotDirectory ( ) slotFileChaged().
36.5. Viewer.h
#pragma once
#include <QTextEdit>
526 VI. Qt
/ / =====================================
class Viewer : public QTextEdit {
Q_OBJECT
public:
Viewer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotDirectoryChanged(const QStrings);
void slotFileChanged (const QStrings);
};
( 36.6) .
append ( )
slotDirectoryChanged ( ) slotFileChanged().
36.6. Viewer.cpp
#include "Viewer.h"
//
Viewer::Viewer(QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QTextEdit(pwgt)
{
setWindowTitle("File System Watcher");
}
//
void Viewer::slotDirectoryChanged(const QStrings str)
{
append("Directory changed:" + str);
}
//
void Viewer::slotFileChanged(const QStrings str)
{
append("File changed:" + str);
}
36.7 (watcher)
(viewer). () ,
( arguments ).
, .
QFileSystemWatcher::addPaths().
,
, . ,
( QFileSystemWatcher::files ()) ( QFileSystemWatcher::
directories ). QFileSystemWatcher::
directoryChangedO QFileSystemWatcher::fileChanged( ) slotDirectoryChanged()
slotFileChanged ( ) .
36. , / 527
36.7. main.cpp
#include "Viewer.h"

{
QFileSystemWatcher watcher;
Viewer viewer;
QStringList args = app.arguments();

args.removeFirst();
watcher.addPaths(args);
viewer.append("Watching files:" + watcher.files().join(";"));

viewer.append("Watching dirs:" + watcher.directories().join(";"));
viewer.show();
QObject::connect(&watcher, SIGNAL(directoryChanged(const QStrings)),

Sviewer, SLOT(slotDirectoryChanged(const QString&))
);
QObject::connect(Swatcher, SIGNAL(fileChanged(const QStrings)),
Sviewer, SLOT(slotFileChanged(const QStrings))
);
return app.exec();
}
/

.
. , ,
QTextStream, QDataStream.
QTextStream QDataStream ,
/ C++ (iostream), ,
QiODevice.
, QiODevice.
, .
QTextStream
QTextStream .
, ,
QiODevice, char, QChar, char*, QString, QByteArray, short, int, long,
float double. , ,
528 VI. Qt
. , QTextstream::
setRealNumberPrecision ( ) .
Unicode.
, QFile
QTextstream::readLine ( ) . :
QFile file("file.txt");
if ( file.open(QIODevi::Readonly) ) {
QTextstream stream(&file);
QString str;
while ( ! stream.atEnd() ) {
str = stream.readLine ();
qDebugO str;
}
if ( stream.status () != QTextstream::Ok) {
qDebugO " ";
}
file.close ();
}
QTextstream::readAll() .
:
QFile file("myfile.txt");
if ( file.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
QTextstream stream(&file );
QString str = stream.readAll();
file.close ();
}
, QFile
.
. :
QFile file("file.txt");
QString str = "This is a test";
if (file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly) ) {
QTextstream stream(sfile);
stream str.toUpper (); // THIS IS A TEST
file.close ();
if ( stream.status () != QTextstream::0k) {
qDebugO " ";
}
}
QTextstream ,
.
QDataStream.
36. , / 529
QDataStream
QDataStream , , ,

. -
(. 39). , QDataStream,
Qt .
,
, Qt,
setversion ( ) , .
Qt_5_3.
, , :
Variant.
QByteArray, QFont, Qlmage, QMap, QPixmap, QString, QValueList
(QPointF), ,
(Qlmage):
QFile file("file.bin");
if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
QDataStream stream(&file);
stream.setversion(QDataStream::Qt_5_3);
stream QPointF(30, 30) Qlmage("image.png");
if (stream.status( ) != QDataStream::Ok) {
qDebugO " ";
file.close();
:
QPointF pt;
Qlmage img;
QFile file("file.bin");
if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
QDataStream stream(sfile);
stream.setversion(QDataStream::Qt_5_3);
stream pt img;
if (stream.status() != QDataStream::0k) {
qDebugO " ";
}
)
file.close();
Qt QIODevice,
/. , QIODevice,
. QFile QBuffer .
530 VI. Qt
QFile , , ,
, .
QBuffer .
, ,
.
QDir .
,
, .
QFileinfo
.
Qt
QFileSystemWatcher.
Qt ,
: QDataStream QTextStream .
C++.
, .
, QiODevice, QFile
, , QBuffer.
37
, .
.

,
.

,
. Qt
: QDate, QTime QDateTime, QDate,
QTime QDateTime.
QDate
QDate
. QDate
. , , . ,
, 25 2014 :
QDate date (2014, 10, 25);
setDate ( ) .
:
QDate date;
date. setDate (2014, 10, 25);
, , ,
:
year ( ) 1752 8000;
month 1 12 (
);
day ( ) 1 31.
daysinMonthO ,
daysinYear ( ) .
532 VI. Qt
dayOfWeek ( ) .
dayOfYear ( ) . ,
weekNumber().
tostring ( ) ,
, . 37.1.
37.1. DateFormat Qt
TextDate 0x0000 Qt ( )
ISODate 0x0001 ISO 8601 (YYYY-MM-DD)
SystemLocaleDate 0x0002 ,

LocaleDate 0x0003 , ,
QLocale::setDefault().
, SystemLocaleDate
, ,
tostring ( ) -, . :
QDate date(2014, 7, 3);
QString str;
str = date.toString("d.M.yy"); //str = "3.7.14"
str = date.toString("dd/MM/yy"); //str = "03/07/14"
str = date.toString("yyyy..ddd"); //str = "2014.."
str = date.toString("yyyy.MMMM.dddd");//str = "2014.."
addDays ( ) ,
. addMonths ( ) addYears ( ) ,
, . :
QDate date(2014, 1, 3);
QDate date2 = date.addDays(-7);
QString str = date2.toString("dd/MM/yy"); //str = "27/06/14"
QDate fromstring ( ) ,
QDate.
,
. 37.1 .
.
currentDate(), QDate.
daysTo ( ) .
:
QDate dateToday = QDate::currentDate();

QDate dateNewYear(dateToday.year(), 12, 31);
qDebug() " "
dateToday.daysTo(dateNewYear)
" ";
37. , 533
, QDate
==, !=, <, <=, > >=. :
QDate datel(2014, 1, 3);
QDate date2(2014, 1, 5);
bool b = (datel == date2); //b = false
QTime
,
, ,
. .
Qt QTime.
, ==, ! =, <, <=, >
>=. .
QTime . ,
, , .
, . :
QTime time(20, 4);

setHMS(). :
QTime time;
time.setHMS (20, 4, 23, 3);
, , ,
, QTime :
hour ( ) 0 23;
minute ( ) 0 59;
second ( ) 0 59;
msec ( ) 0 999.
QTime toString ( )
. , , ,
. 37.1, . :
QTime time(20, 4, 23, 3);
QString str;
str = time.toString("hh:mm:ss.zzz"); //str = 20:04:23.003"
str = time.toString("h:m:s ap"); //str = "8:4:23 pm"
fromstring ( )
QTime. ,
. ,
. 37.1, .
, ( )
. addSecs() addMSecs().
QTime currentTime ( ) .
534 VI. Qt
start () , ,
, elapsed (). ,
, ,
,
. test():
QTime time;
time.start();
test();
qDebug() " test() "
time.elapsed()
" "
endl;
QTime 24- ,
.
QDateTime.
QDateTime
QDateTime . date()
(QDate), time() (QTime).
toStringO .
, . 37.1,
.

. ,
QTime
:
QTime time;
time.start();
for(;time.elapsed() < 1000;) {
}
function();
.
. -
, , , ,
, .
, processEvents ()
QApplication, ,
. :
QTime time;
time.start();
for(;time.elapsed() < 1000;) {
}
37. , 535

,
, ,
.
.
, .
, .
,
, .
(firing interval).
, .
, , , ,
, 1 .
,
(. 37.5).
, , ,
, , 24 .
.
. ,

(. 38) ,
.
, .
, ,
.
(. 38)
, (event loop).
QThread: : () .

, QObject,
. QObject: :startTimer () .
. startTimer ( ) ,
, .
QTimerEvent,
timerEvent(). QTimerEvent: :timerld () QTimerEvent,
, .
, QObject: :killTimer .
( 37.1 37.2), . 37.1, ,
.
. 37.1.
536 VI. Qt
main () ( 37.1) BlinkLabel,

HTML.

{
QApplication app (argc, argv) ;
BlinkLabel lbl("<FONT COLOR = RED><CENTER>Blink</CENTERX/FONT>") ;
.
lbl show ( ) ;

}
BlinkLabel, 37.2, m bBlink,

, m_strText, .
BlinkLabel ninterval.
200 . startTimer ( )
. QTimerEvent,
timerEvent () , m_bBlink
. setText ( )
:
false ;
true .
37.2. main.cpp. BlinkLabel
class BlinkLabel : public QLabel {

private :
bool m_bBlink;
QString m_strText;
protected:
virtual void timerEvent (QTimerEvent*)
{
m_bBlink = !m_bBlink;
setText (m_bBl ink ? m_strText : "" );
}
public:
BlinkLabel (const QSt rings strText,
int ninterval = 200,
QWidget* pwgt = 0
)
: QLabel (strText, pwgt)
, m_bBl ink (true)
, m_strText (strText)
37. , 537
{
startTimer(nlnterval);
}
QTimer
QTimer , ,
QObject.
, QObject.
, .
,
, , .
Qt QTimer,
QObject. ,
QTimer, start ( ) .
.
QTimer singleShotO
( singleshot).
QTimer. -
, , .
. ,
, - 5
( 37.3).
37.3.

MyProgram myProgram;
QTimer::singleShot(5 * 60 * 1000, &app, SLOT(quit()));
myProgram.show();
return app.exec();
timeout (),
, . setinterval()
. ,
,
. isActive ( ) ,
. stop ( ) .
, .
, -
, , , ,
538 VI. Qt
,
. delay ,
, (
37.4).
37.4.
void delay(int n)
{
QEventLoop loop;
QTimer::singleShot(n, sloop, SLOT(quit()));
loop.exec();
)
37.4
QEventLoop, ,
. ( ) . ,
singleShot () ,
quit ( loop).
( 37.5), . 37.2, ,
.
.
12/4/2006 2:42:33
. 37.2.
Clock ( ptimer).
timeout!) siotUpdateDateTime ( ) ,
. start ( ) .
. siotUpdateDateTime ()
currentDateTime . , Qt::SystemLocaleDate
(. . 37.1), setText
.
37.5. Clock.h
#pragma once
// -------- ---
============
class Clock : public QLabel {
Q OBJECT
public:
Clock(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QLabel(pwgt)
37. , 539
{
QTimer* ptimer = new QTimer (this) ;
connect (ptimer, SIGNAL (timeout ()) , SLOT (slotUpdateDateTime ( ) ) ) ;
ptimer->start (500) ;
slotUpdateDateTime ( ) ;
}
public slots:
void slotUpdateDateTime ( )
(
QString str =
QDateTime: : currentDateTime ( ) . toString (Qt :: SystemLocaleDate) ;
setText ( "<H2XCENTER>" + str + "</CENTERX/H2>") ;
}
};
QBasicTimer
Qt
QBasicTimer, : isActiveO,
start , stop timerid ( ) ,
QTimer. start ( ) . ,
,
QObject, . ,
, QObject,
QOb j ect : : timerEvent ( ) .
QDate, QTime QDateTime ,

.
.
.
.
.
. ,
, , /
. .
, ,
.
.
38
...
.

.
, ,
. Qt, .
.
, , ,
.
.
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
. ,
, .
, .
, , ,
.

,
. ,
.
Qt- .
QProcess, QProcess.
, iODevice (. 36),
, ,
. , QProcess
.
, -
38. 541
,
. QProcess
. , error ( )
.
.
start (), ,
: . ,
started (), finished ().
finished () .
exitstatus () , :
NormalExit ( ) CrashExit ( ).
QProcess
: (stdout) (stderr).
setReadChannel {) .
, readyRead ( ) .
: readyReadStandardOutput ( )
readyReadStandardError ( )
QiODevice:
write ( ) , read ( ) , readLine ( ) getchar ( ) . ,
: readAHStandardOutput () readAHStandardError () .
QByteArray.
( 38.1), . 38.1,
QProcess. Command ()
, .
,
.
_ Command Shell l = |isiMa.n

Volume Serial Number is 6DB5-EDB3
Director/ of D:\Qt4\ehapter3-B\Process
01/21/2007 06:15 PM <DIR>
Cl/21/2007 06:15 PM cDIR>
01/21/2007 06:45 PM 5,255 Makefile _
01/21/2007 06:45 PM 4,517 Makefile.Debug

01/21/2007 06:45 PM 4,985 Makefile.Release
01/20/2007 07:01 PM 80 Process .pro
01, 21/2007 06:48 PM 2,585,852 Shell .exe I
01/20/2007 07:16 PM 2,338 Shell .h
01/21/2007 06:45 PM <DIR> debug
01/12/2007 08:04 AM 703 main.cpp
01/21/2007 06:45 PM <DIR> release
7 Fileis} 2,584,138 bytes
4 Dirts} 0 bytes free
Lommand: dir Enter
. 38.1.
542 VI. Qt
Shell QProcess.
readyReadStandardOutput ( ) slotDataOnStdout ( ) ,
readAllstandardOutput ()
.
m_ptxtDisplay append().
slotReturnPressed ( ) clicked () ( pcmd)
returnPressedO ( m_txtCommand).
Windows, dir, ,
cmd.
Windows cmd /.

, . start().

,
, startDetached().
start ( ) ,
, waitForStartedO waitForFinished( ) .
,
, , . :
QProcess ;
proc.start("cmd / " + strProgram);
proc.waitForStarted();
38.1. shell.h
class Shell : public QWidget {

Q_OBJECT
private:
QProcess* m_process;
QLineEdit* m_ptxtCommand;
QTextEdit* m_ptxtDisplay;
public:
//
Shell(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWidget(pwgt)
{
m_process = new QProcess(this);
m_ptxtDisplay = new QTextEdit;
QLabel* plbl = new QLabel("&Command:");
m_ptxtCommand = new QLineEdit("dir");

plbl->setBuddy(m_ptxtCommand);
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("SEnter);
connect(m_process,
SIGNAL(readyReadStandardOutput()),
38. 543
SLOT(slotDataOnStdout())
);
connect(m_ptxtCommand,
SIGNAL(returnPressed()),
SLOT(slotReturnPressed())
);
connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotReturnPressed()));
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(plbl);
phbxLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtCommand);
phbxLayout->addWidget(pcmd);

pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtDisplay);
public slots:
//
void slotDataOnStdout()
{
m_ptxtDisplay->append(m_process->readAHStandardOutput());
}
//
void slotReturnPressed()
{
QString strCommand = "";
#ifdef Q_WS_WIN
StrCommand = "cmd /
#endif
strCommand += m_ptxtCommand->text();
m_process->start(strCommand);
.
Qt QThread. ,
.
,
, .
,
( ). ,
. , -
544 VI. Qt
, ,
. ,
, .
.
,
,
, .
,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, . ,
, , ,
,
. ,
, .
.
.
,
. ,
, .

. , ,
. .
, ,
, . ,
:
, . ,
, , .
,
, .
,
, Qt.
.
- ?
QThread run(),
, . :
class MyThread : public QThread {
public:
void run()
{
// ,
}
}

start ( ) , , , run().
38. 545
:
MyThread thread;
thread.start();
, ,
. :
, .
: IdlePriority, LowestPriority, LowPriority,
NormalPriority. ,
, , -
;
: HighPriority HighestPriority.
.
- ;
TimeCriticalPriority.
. ,
,
.
,
start(). :
MyThread thread;
thread.start(QThread::IdlePriority);
, ,
priority().
setPriority().
!
Linux ,
.
, . Windows :
, ,
, ,
,
- , , .

. , , ,
, ?
(. 38.2).
.
: .
546 VI. Qt
. 38.2.

- ,
.

, ,
,
. QTimer (. 37)
(. 39).
,
( ) run ( ) .
quit( ) exit ( ) . ,
main ( ).
QObject , . ,
QObject, ,
. QObject::thread().
. ,
. ,
QThread::currentThreadld ( ) .

QThread: : currentThreadld ( ).
,
, .

QObject:-.moveToThread().
-
,
. 2 , connect ( )
.
38. 547
Qt : : Autoconnection, .
, Qt ,
. ,
. , ,
. Qt
, , ,
, .
, , . ,
,
.
, -
QThread. , QThread
, ,
. , , (. 2)
,
( )
QObject: rmoveToThread ( ) . QThread QObject , ,
Qt. ,
QThread
, main ( ) ,
, , ,
.
, , ,
,
QObject: :moveToThread() . ,
( 38.2-38.4).
(. 38.3) 10 0, . -
,
.
. 38.3. -
MyWorker ( 38.2) ,
. QObject,
Q OBJECT, .
m nvalue
(m_timer) slotNextValue ( ) .
slotNextValue () m nvalue
valueChanged ( ) . ,
finished (), .
doWork ( ) .
548 VI. Qt
38.2. MyThread.h. MyWorker
class MyWorker : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
private:
int m_nValue;
QTimer m timer;
public:
MyWorker(QObject* pobj = 0) : QObject(pobj)
, m nValue(lO)
connect(&m_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(setNextValue()));

}
void doWork()
{
m_timer.start(1000);
}
signals:
void valueChanged(int);
void finished ( );
public slots:
void setNextValue()
{
emit valueChanged( m_nValue);
if(!m_nValue){
emit finished();
38.3 MyThread .
MyThread
run ( ) ,
( ) . ( )
,
run ( ) , . main(),
,
QApplication::() ,
Qt- .
38.3. main.cpp. MyThread

Q_OBJECT
public:
MyThread()
38. 549
{
}
void run()
{
exec();
};
38.4 ,
led, thread MyWorker,
. , ,
valueChanged ( ) MyWorker
display(). moveToThread ( ) MyWorker
finished () quit ()
, .
finished( ) quit()
. start( )
MyWorker::doWork( ).

{
QLCDNumber led;
MyThread thread;
MyWorker worker;
QObject::connect(Sworker, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int) ),
Sled, SLOT(display(int))
);
led.setSegmentStyle(QLCDNumber::Filled);
led.display(10);
led.resize(220, 90);
led.show();
worker.moveToThread(&thread);
QObject::connect(&worker, SIGNAL(finished()),
sthread, SLOT(quit())
);
QObject: -.connect(&thread, SIGNAL(finished()),
&app, SLOT(quit())
);
thread.start();
550 VI. Qt
worker.doWork();
return app.exec();
}
,
.
.
( 38.5 38.6), . 38.4,
, .
. 38.4. ,
run(), 38.5, 0 100,

100 progress ()
. 100
QThread::usleep(),
.
38.5. main.cpp. MyThread

Q_OBJECT
public:
void run()
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
usleep(100000);
emit progress(i);
signals:
void progress(int);
};
38.6
thread, progress ( )
setvalue ( ) .
start().

{
38. 551
QProgressBar prb;
MyThread thread;
QObject::connect(sthread, SIGNAL(progress(int)),
&prb, SLOT(setValue(int))
);
prb.show();
thread.start();
return app.exec();
}
#include "main.moc"

. 16, :
QCoreApplication::postEvent ( ) QCoreApplication::sendEvent ( ) .
, : postEvento
, sendEvent ( ) .
postEvent () . . 38.5 ,

. , , ,
. . ,
, , .
1 ... 2
1
1 ... 1 ...
( (
V t
V
2
. 38.5.
,
QObject::event().
, ,

.
( 38.7-38.10), ,
38.5 38.6 (. . 38.4).
, , ,
( 38.7). QEvent
m nvalue.
value ( ) setValue ( ) . ,
QEvent().
552 VI. Qt
38.7. main.cpp. ProgressEvent
class ProgressEvent : public QEvent {

private:
int m_nValue;
public:
enum {ProgressType = User + 1};
ProgressEvent() : QEvent((Type)ProgressType)
{
}
void setValue(int n)
{
m_nValue = n;
}
int value() const

{
return m_nValue;
}
};
38.8 MyThread .
, - ,
-
postEvent ( ) . run ( )
(memory leak), ,
.

, ,
,
. . .
, - QObject::
connecto. , ,
.
(. 38.2).
38.8. main.cpp.

private:
QObject* m_pobjReceiver;
public:
MyThread(QObject* pobjReceiver) : m_pobjReceiver(pobjReceiver)
{
}
38. 553
void run()
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
usleep(100000);
ProgressEvent* pe = new ProgressEvent;

pe->setValue(i);
QApplication::postEvent(m_pobjReceiver, pe);

, .
(. 15).

customEvent ( ) .
38.9. customEvent ( ) ,
ProgressType, ProgressEvent,
value ().
QProgressBar::setvalue () .
38.9. main.cpp. MyProgressBar
class MyProgressBar : public QProgressBar {

public:
MyProgressBar(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QProgressBar(pwgt)
{
}
void customEvent(QEvent* pe)

{
if ((int)pe->type() == ProgressEvent::ProgressType) {
setvalue(((ProgressEvent*)(pe))->value());
}
QWidget::customEvent (pe);
, 38.10,
thread,
start().

{
MyProgressBar prb;
MyThread thread(&prb);
554 VI. Qt
prb.show();
thread.start();
return app.exec();
}
(. 38.5 38.6)
(. 38.7-38.10), ,
. , ,
. , .
, .
,
. , ,
. , ,
. :
, - ,
. ,
, , -
, ,
. ,
, .
.
(critical sections),
. ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
(mutex) , ,
. ,
, ,
, .
,
. , . -
, ,
. , ,
. , ,
, . .

,
, .
38. 555
, ,
. QMutex. lock ( ) QMutex
. unlock ( ) ,
.
QMutex tryLock(). ,
, .
false,
, .
true, , ,
.
( 38.11),
(thread safety).
38.11.
class ThreadSafeStringStack {
private:
QMutex m_mutex;
QStack<QString> m_stackString;
public:
void push(const QStrings str)
{
m_mutex.lock();
m_stackString.push(str);
m_mutex.unlock();
}
QString pop()
{
QMutexLocker locker(&m_mutex);
return m_stackString.empty() ? QString()
: m_stackString.pop();
ThreadSafeStringStack, 38.11, ,
, push ( ) , , , pop ( ) ,
. private : m mutex
. , QStack<T>
.
QStack<T> , -
, . push ( )
lock ( ) , ,
unlock () .
,
.
pop ( ) QMutexLocker.
. QMutexLocker
.
556 VI. Qt
, . ,
, push ( ) ,
, .

: , ,
. , ,
, . ,
, , .
,
, . ,

. Qt
.
. ,
,
. . ,
,
. ,
, ,
. .
. , ,
. ,
, . ,
, .
QSemaphore. .
QMutex, lock()
unlock () acquire () release () :
QSemaphore sem(1);
sem.acquire();
. acquire ()
, .
, .
.
acquire (), , ,
, .
acquire ( ) , ,
.
release( ) .
.
tryAcquireO
.

Qt QWaitCondition,
. ,
.
38. 557
, QWaitCondition: : wait
. , ,
, QWaitCondition: rwakeOne QWaitCondition: :wakeAll () .
, ,
. ,
. wait()
, .

,
, . ,
,
.
. , , ,
. ,
, .
. ,
.
(deadlock) (. 38.6).
. , ,
, ,
, .
-0
%
% \0<*

. 38.6.
QtConcurrent
,
, ,
, .
558 VI. Qt
Qt QtConcurrent.
,
.
, .
pro- :
QT += concurrent
, ,
QtConcurrent::run ( ) ,
38.12.
38.12. main.cpp. QtConcurrent
# include <QtCore>
# include <QtConcurrent/QtConcurrent
//
QString myToUpper(const QStrings str)
{
return str.toUpper();
}
//
{
QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
QFuture<QString> future =
QtConcurrent::run(myToUpper, QString("test"));
future.waitForFinished();
qDebug() future.result();
return 0;
}
, , ,
. , ,
. . run ( ) . myToUpper ( )
.
QFuture, , . ,

, .
QFuture , .
, , QString. ,
waitForFinished( ) QFuture
, .
QFuture ,
, :
;
QFuture : : isFinished ( )
QFuture::isRunning( ) ;
38. 559
QFuture::isStarted ( ) ;
QFuture::isPaused() QFuture::pause().
, ,
( ) .
Qt Concurrent ::mapped () .
, ( ) .
main() 38.12 ( 38.13).
38.13. main.cpp. QtConcurrent

{
QStringList 1st (QStringList ( ) "one" "two" "three");

QFuture<QString> future =
QtConcurrent ::mapped (1st .begin () , Ist.endO, myToUpper);
future.waitForFinished( ) ;
qDebug ( ) .
future results ( ) ;
return 0;
}
38.13
QtConcurrent : ;mapped ( ) . ,
() . ,
, QFuture: :
wait ForFinished ()
. :
"ONE", "TWO", "THREE"
,
. , .
.
.

, .
,
, .
,
.
QThread
run , .
, start ( ) .
, ( ) run ( ) .
560 VI. Qt

.
.

. Qt QMutex,
QWaitContion QSemaphore.
Qt
.
QtConcurrent

.
39

, .
. ,

( , socket , )
. ,
, ,
.
- (point to point),
.
(datagram) (stream).
.
.
, , - ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.
Qt QUdpSocket,
QTcpSocket.
QTcpSocket TCP (Transmition Control Protocol,

) ,
.

.
: HTTP, FTP, POP3, SMTP,
. QAbstractSocket, , ,
QiODevice. , ( )
QiODevice QDataStream
QTextStream (. 36).
QTcpSocket ,
. ,
, waitFor.
562 VI. Qt
.
.
QUdpSocket UDP (User Datagram Protocol,
). ,

. , ,
,
,
. UDP ,
TCP,
.
UDP
, .
, , ,
, . ,
,
. , UDP , .
, , .
: TCP
UDP. , .

TCP,
UDP.
-
- : ,
(. 39.1). , ,
, . ,
IP- ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
, .
.
V \\ *
. 39.1. -
39. 563
.
(. 39.1).
39.1.
11 systat
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 Telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP Web- ( 8080 8000)
110 POP3
139 Netbios-SSN
143 IMAP
194 IRC -
443 HTTPS HTTP
5800 VNC
5900 VNC
8080 Web -
-
Qt QTcpServer,
-. ( 39.1-39.6),
. 39.2, ,
.
""*"1 MyServer
| g| jj
Server
. 39.2.

564 VI. Qt
39.1 . ,
39.2-39.6 MyServer,
, .
, 2323.
39.1. main.cpp
#include "MyServer.h"

{
MyServer server(2323);
server.show();
return app.exec();
}
MyServer, 39.2, m ptcpServer,

. m nNextBlockSize
.
m ptxt .
39.2. MyServer.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
class QTcpServer;
class QTextEdit;
class QTcpSocket;
/ / =================================
class MyServer : public QWidget {
------- =================
Q_OBJECT
private:
QTcpServer* m_ptcpServer;
QTextEdit* m_ptxt;
quintl6 m_nNextBlockSize;
private:
void sendToClient(QTcpSocket* pSocket, const QStrings str);
public:
MyServer(int nPort, QWidget* pwgt =0);
39. 565
public slots:
virtual void slotNewConnection ( );
void slotReadClient ();
};
listen () ( 39.3).
, .
, ,
false, .
, (. 39.4)
slotNewConnection newConnectiont),
.
(
mjotxt) setReadOnly ( ) ,
.
39.3. MyServer.cpp. MyServer
MyServer::MyServer (int nPort, QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QWidget (pwgt)

, m_nNextBlockSize(0)
{
m_ptcpServer = new QTcpServer(this);
if ( !m_ptcpServer->listen(QHostAddress::Any, nPort)) {
QMessageBox::critical(0,
"Server Error",
"Unable to start the server:"
+ m_ptcpServer->errorString ()
);
m_ptcpServer->close ( );
return;
}
connect (m_ptcpServer, SIGNAL(newConnection() ),
this, SLOT (slotNewConnection() )
);
m_ptxt = new QTextEdit;

m_ptxt->setReadOnly(true);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget (new QLabel("<Hl>Server</Hl>") );
pvbxLayout->addwidget (m_ptxt);
setLayout (pvbxLayout);
)
slotNewConnection!), 39.4,
.
nextPendingConnectionf), ,
. -
566 VI. Qt
- . disconnected () ,
, QObject: rdeleteLater () ,
.
readyToRead ( ) , slotReadClient().
39.4. MyServer.cpp. slotNewConnection ()
/*virtual*/ void MyServer::slotNewConnection()

{
QTcpSocket* pClientSocket = m_ptcpServer->nextPendingConnection();
connect(pClientSocket, SIGNAL(disconnected()),
pClientSocket, SLOT(deleteLater())
);
connect(pClientSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()),
this, SLOT(slotReadClient())
sendToClient(pClientSocket, "Server Response: Connected!");

}
39.5 ,
sender ( ) , QTcpSocket. for ,
.
, , .
. ,
m_nNextBlockSize
( ).
, time str.
time toStringO
str strMessage,
append ( ) .
m_nNextBlockSize 0, ,
. sendToClient () ,
.
39.5. MyServer.cpp. slotReadClient()
void MyServer::slotReadClient()
{
QTcpSocket* pClientSocket = (QTcpSocket*)sender();
QDataStream in(pClientSocket);
in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_3);
for (;;) {
if (!m_nNextBlockSize) {
if (pClientSocket->bytesAvailable() < sizeof(quintl6)) {
break;
}
in m_nNextBlocksize;
}
39. 567
if (pClientSocket->bytesAvailable () < m_nNextBlockSize) {

break;
}
QTime time;
QString stra
in time str;
QString strMessage =
time.toSt ring () + " " + "Client has sent " + str;
m_ptxt->append(strMessage);
m_nNextBlockSize =0;
sendToClient (pClientSocket,
"Server Response: Received \"" + str + "\"
);
sendToClient () , (
39.6). , ,
, , ,
. .
arrBlock QByteArray.
QDataStream, ,
0. seek(),
arrBlock, sizeof(quintl6),
(out) , .
write ( ).

QTextstream.
QDataStream,
. ,
QTime. QDataStream,
, , . .
39.6. MyServer.cpp. sendToClient ()
void MyServer::sendToClient (QTcpSocket* pSocket, const QStrings str)

{
QByteArray arrBlock;
QDataStream out (sarrBlock, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
out.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_3);
out quintl6(0) QTime::current Time() str;
out.device ()->seek ( 0 );
out quint 16(arrBlock.size ( ) sizeof(quintl6) );
pSocket->write(arrBlock);
568 VI. Qt
-
QTcpSocket,
connectToHost ( ) , ( IP-),
. QTcpSocket
, , connected ( ) .
error(int) , QAbstractSocket::
SocketError. , , ,
.
QTcpSocket .
( 39.7-39.13)
(. 39.3). ,
, Send ().
, lent
Client
Received the connectedO signal
18:20:02 Server Response: Connected!
18:20:57 Server Response: Received "Testl"
18:21:06 Server Response: Received "Test2"
18:21:16 Server Response: Received "Tests"
|Test4|
Send
. 39.3.
main (), 39.7, (.

39.8-39.13). ,
"localhost".
2323, , .
39.7. main.cpp
#include "MyClient.h"

{
MyClient client("localhost", 2323);
client.show();
return app.exec();
39. 569
MyClient, 39.8, m pTcpSocket,

, m_nNextBlockSize,
.
: m txtinfo m txt input .
39.8. MyClienth
#pragma once
# include <QWidget>
# include <QTcpSocket>
class QTextEdit;
class QLineEdit;
// =================================================================
class MyClient : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QTcpSocket* mjpTcpSocket;
QTextEdit* mjptxtlnfo;
QLineEdit* m_ptxt Input;
quint 16 m_nNextBlockSize;
public:
MyClient (const QStrings strHost, int nPort, QWidget* pwgt = 0) ;
private slots:
void slotReadyRead ( );
void slotError (QAbstractSocket::SocketError);
void slotSendToServer ( );
void slot Connected ( );
};
39.9 ,
( m_pTcpSocket). connectToHost ( ) ,
. ,
. .
connected ( ) , , readyRead ( )
.
slotConnected ( ) slotReadyRead ( ).
error (), slotError (),
.
, , ,
. clicked ()
slotSendToServer ( ) MyClient,
.
<Enter>, returnPressedO
(m_ptxt Input) SlotSendToServer().
570 VI. Qt
39.9. MyClient.cpp. MyClient
MyClient::MyClient(const QStrings strHost,

int nPort,
QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/
) : QWidget(pwgt)
, m_nNextBlockSize(0)
{
m_pTcpSocket = new QTcpSocket(this);
m_pTcpSocket->connectToHost(strHost, nPort);
connect(m_pTcpSocket, SIGNAL(connected()), SLOT(slotConnected()));
connect(m_pTcpSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadyRead()));
connect(m_pTcpSocket, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),
this, SLOT(slotError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError))
);
m_ptxtInfo = new QTextEdit;

m_ptxtlnput = new QLineEdit;
m_ptxtInfo->setReadOnly(true);
QPushButton* pcmd = new QPushButton("&Send");

connect(pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotSendToServer()));
connect(m_ptxtlnput, SIGNAL(returnPressed()),
this, SLOT(slotSendToServer())
);
//Layout setup
pvbxLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("<Hl>Client</Hl>"));
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtlnfo);
pvbxLayout->addWidget(m_ptxtlnput);
39.10 slotReadyToRead ( ) ,
. for ,
. , ,
, .
.
, ,
QDataStream ( in).
.
( m ptxtinfo) append().
m nNextBiockSize 0,
, .
39. 571
39.10. MyClientxpp. slotReadyRead ()
void MyClient::slotReadyRead()
{
QDataStream in(mjpTcpSocket);
for (;;) {
if (!m_nNextBlocksize) {
if (m_pTcpSocket->bytesAvailable() < sizeof(quintl6)) {
break;
}
in m_nNextBlocksize;
}
if (m_pTcpSocket->bytesAvailable() < m_nNextBlockSize) {

break;
}
QTime time;
QString stra
in time str;
m_ptxtInfo->append(time.toString() + " " + str);

m nNextBlockSize = 0;
slotErrorO, 39.11, .
,
.
39.11. MyClientxpp. slotErrorO
void MyClient::slotError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError err)

{
QString strError =
"Error: " + (err == QAbstractSocket::HostNotFoundError ?
"The host was not found." :
err == QAbstractSocket::RemoteHostClosedError ?
"The remote host is closed." :
err == QAbstractSocket::ConnectionRefusedError ?
"The connection was refused." :
QString(m_pTcpSocket->errorString())
);
m_ptxtInfo->append(strError);
}
39.12 .
, (. 39.6),
. MyServer::sendToClient () ,
572 VI. Qt
,
setText ( ) (
clear()).
, - slotSendToServer()
Send () <Enter>
( m_ptxtinput()).
39.12. MyClient.cpp. slotSentToServer ()
void MyClient::slotSendToServer()
{
QByteArray arrBlock;
QDataStream out(&arrBlock, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
out quintl6(0) QTime::currentTime() m_ptxtInput->text ();
out.device()->seek(0);
out quintl6(arrBlock.size() sizeof(quintl6));
m_pTcpSocket->write(arrBlock);
m_ptxtInput->setText("");
}
, slotConnectedO.
( 39.13).
39.13. MyClient.cpp. slotConnectedO
void MyClient::slotConnected()
{
m_ptxtInfo->append("Received the connected() signal");
}
UDP- UDP-
UDP- QUdpSocket.
writeDatagramO.
, QUdpSocket,
bind ( ) . , ,
, readyRead ( ) .
readDatagram().

, . ,
.
UDP- UDP- ,
39.14-39.19.
, (. 39.4).
39. 573
r 'I UdoClient 11
Sent:C6 19, 20:26:47 2011 Received:Cb 19. 20:26:47 2011 *
Sent:C6 19. 20:26:47 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:47 2011
Sent:C6 19, 20:26:48 2011 Received:Cb 19. 20:26:48 2011
Sent:C6 19. 20:26:48 2011 Received:Cb 19. 20:26:48 2011
5ent:C6 19. 20:26:49 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:49 2011
SentiCb 19. 20:26:49 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:49 2011
5ent:C6 19, 20:26:50 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:50 2011
Sent:Cb 19. 20:26:50 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:50 2011
Sent:C6 19, 20:26:51 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:51 2011
Sent:Cb 19. 20:26:51 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:51 2011
5ent:C6 19, 20:26:52 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:52 2011
Sent :Cb 19. 20:26:52 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:52 2011 IH
Sent:C6 19, 20:26:53 2011 Received:C6 19. 20:26:53 2011
5ent:C6 19, 20:26:53 2011 Received:CS 19. 20:26:53 2011|
--
. 39.4. UDP- UDP-
. udpServer
QUdpSocket ( 39. 14), : m_pudp.
: slotSendDatagram().
39.14. UdpServer.h
class UdpServer : public QTextEdit {

Q_OBJECT
private:
QUdpSocket* m_pudp;
public:
UdpServer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotSendDatagram();
};

UdpServer ( 39.15), setwindowTitle ( )
QUdpSocket.
, ,
0,5 , start
slotSenDatagramf).
39.15. UdpServer.cpp. UdpServer
UdpServer::UdpServer(QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QTextEdit (pwgt)

{
setwindowTitle("UdpServer");
m_pudp = new QUdpSocket(this);
QTimer* ptimer = new QTimer(this);

ptimer->setInterval(500);
574 VI. Qt
ptimer->start();
connect(ptimer, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(slotSendDatagram()));
39.16 slotSendDatagramO,
. .
QDataStream baDatagram.
writeDatagram ( ) ,
baDatagram, :
IP- . IP-,
QHostAddress::LocalHost,
127.0.0.1.

QAbstractSocket QUdpSocket
IP-. IP-
, fromName QHostName.
39.16. UdpServer.cpp. slotSendDatagramO
void UdpServer::slotSendDatagram()
{
QByteArray baDatagram;
QDataStream out (sbaDatagram, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
QDateTime dt = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
append("Sent:" + dt.toString());
out dt;
m_pudp->writeDatagram(baDatagram, QHostAddress::LocalHost, 2424);
}
.
UDP- ( 39.17). ,
QUdpSocket, m_pudp.
slotProcessDatagrams ( ) ,
.
39.17. UdpCIient.h
class UdpClient : public QTextEdit {

Q_OBJECT
private:
QUdpSocket* m_pudp;
public:
UdpClient(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotProcessDatagrams();
>;
39. 575
,
"udpClient" ( 39.18). QUdpSocket
bind() 2424.
IP- ,
.
readyRead ( ) slotProcessDatagrams ().
39.18. UdpCIientcpp. UdpClient
UdpClient ::UdpClient (QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QTextEdit (pwgt )

{
setWindowTitle("UdpClient");
m_pudp = new QUdpSocket (this);

m_pudp->bind(2424);
connect (m_pudp, SIGNAL(readyRead ( ) ), SLOT (slotProcessDatagrams ( )) ) ;
39.19 QUdpSocket

. ,
,
. do...while ,
, ,
.
pendingDatagramSize () .
, ,
. ,
, .

readDatagram ( ) baDatagram.
in , , .
QTextEdit::append ( ).
39.19. UdpCIientcpp. slotProcessDatagrams ()
void UdpClient::slotProcessDatagrams ( )
{
QByteArray baDatagram;
do {
baDatagram.resize(m_pudp->pendingDatagramSize ( ));
m_pudp->readDatagram(baDatagram.data (), baDatagram.size ());
} while(m_pudp->hasPendingDatagrams ());
QDateTime dateTime;
QDataStream in ( sbaDatagram, QIODevice::Readonly);
in dateTime;
append (" Received:" + dateTime.toString ());
576 VI. Qt

, QHttp QFtp,
, .

. ,
(cookie), (proxy), ,
.
: QNetworkAccessManager, QNetworkRequest
QNetworkReply.
QNetworkAccessManager . , :
head ;
get ;
put ;
post get put, HTTP.
.
.
QNetworkRequest ,
URL. , , -
.
QNetworkReply , URL, HTTP-
, . . :
readyRead ( )
;
finished ( ) ;

error ( ) ;
downloadProgress() uploadProgress() .
QNetworkRequest QNetworkReplay :
QNetworkRequest
, a QNetworkReply

.
,
HTTP, ( 39.20-39.31)
(. 39.5), .
( 39.20)
DownloaderGui show ( ) .
39.20. main.cpp.
#include "DownloaderGui.h"

{
DownloaderGui downloader;
39. 577
downloader.show();
return app.exec();
. 39.5.
, 39.21, QObject
QNeworkAccessManager,
. download () ,
QUri. ,
: downloadProgress(), done() error (). slotFinished( )
done ( ) error().
39.21. Downloader.h
#pragma once
#include <QObject>
#include <QUrl>
class QNetworkAccessManager;
class QNetworkReply;
/ / =============================
class Downloader : public QObject {
Q OBJECT
private:
QNetworkAccessManager* m_pnam;
578 VI. Qt
public:
Downloader(QObject* pobj = 0);
void download(const QUrls);
signals:
void downloadProgress(qint64, qint64 );
void done (const QUrls, const QByteArrayS);
void error ( );
private slots:
void slotFinished(QNetworkReply*);
);
39.22 QNetworkAccessManager
finished () slotFinishedO .
QNetworkReply,
.
39.22. Downloader.cpp.
Downloader::Downloader(QObject* pobj/*=0*/) : QObject(pobj)

{
m_pnam = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
connect(m_pnam, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)),
this, SLOT(slotFinished(QNetworkReply*))
);
download)), 39.23,
QNetworkRequest,
QNetworkAccessManager. get ( ) .
,
, QNetworkReply,
, ,
downloadProgress().
39.23. Downloader.cpp. downloadO
void Downloader::download(const QUrls url)

{
QNetworkRequest request(url);
QNetworkReply* pnr = m_pnam->get(request);
connect(pnr, SIGNAL(downloadProgress(qint64, qint64)),
this, SIGNAL(downloadProgress(qint64, qint64))
);
)
slotFinishedO ( 39.24).
, ,
39. 579
error () , QNetworkReply::NoError,
, error ( ) . ,
, done ( ) .
URL . QNetworkReply
readAll () . QNetworkReply,
, .
deleteLater ( ) , ,
delete C++ (
deleteLater () ,
). , ,
.
39.24. Downloader.cpp. slotFinished()
void Downloader::slotFinished(QNetworkReply* pnr)

{
if (pnr->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError) {
emit error();
}
else {
emit done(pnr->url(), pnr->readAll());
}
pnr->deleteLater();
}
, . 39.5 39.25,
( ), (
m ptxt) ( m_pcmd). ,
Downloader ( m_dl).
showPicO
. :
slotGo() ;
slotError ;
()
slotDownloadProgress {) ,
;
slotDone ( ) .
39.25. DownloaderGui.h
#pragma once
#include <QWidget>
#include <QUrl>
class Downloader;
class QProgressBar;
class QLineEdit;
class QPushButton;
580 VI. Qt
// ===========================================================
class DownloaderGui : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
private:
Downloader* m_pdl;
QProgressBar* m_ppb;
QLineEdit* m_ptxt;
QPushButton* m_pcmd;
void showPic(const QStrings);

public:
DownloaderGui(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotGo ( );
void slotError ( );
void slotDownloadProgress(qint64, qint64 );
void slotDone (const QUrl&, const QByteArrayS);
};
, 39.26,
, Downloader. setText ( )
strDownloadLink,
.
slotGo ( ) , downladProgress ( )
Downloader slotDownloadProgress ( )
slotDone ( ) .
QGridLayout.
39.26. DownloaderGui..
DownloaderGui::DownloaderGui(QWidget* pwgt /*=0*/) : QWidget(pwgt)

{
m_pdl = new Downloader(this);
m_ppb = new QProgressBar;
m_ptxt = new QLineEdit;
m_pcmd = new QPushButton(tr("&Go"));
QString strDownloadLink =
"http://www.neonway.com/wallpaper/images/traderstar.jpg";
m_ptxt->setText(strDownloadLink);
connect(m_pcmd, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotGo()));

connect(m_pdl, SIGNAL(downloadProgress(qint64, qint64)),
this, SLOT(slotDownloadProgress(qint64, qint64))
);
connect(m_pdl, SIGNAL(done(const QUrl&, const QByteArray&)),
this, SLOT(slotDone(const QUrl&, const QByteArray&))
39. 581
QGridLayout* pLayout = new QGridLayout;

pLayout->addWidget(m_ptxt, 0, 0);
pLayout->addWidget(m_pcmd, 0, 1);
pLayout->addWidget(m_ppb, 1, 0, 1, 1);
setLayout(pLayout);
}
39.27 . ,
download ( ) (
text ( ) )
, , .
39.27. DownloaderGui.cpp. slotGo()
void DownloaderGui::slotGo()
{
m_pdl->download(QUrl(m_ptxt->text()));
}
39.28
, , nTotai,
. ,
,
.
, , , ,
. slotErrorO,
, . ,
setvalue ( )
.
39.28. DownloaderGui.cpp. slotDownloadProgress()
void DownloaderGui::slotDownloadProgress(qint64 nReceived, qint64 nTotai)

{
if (nTotai <= 0) {
slotError();
return;
}
m_ppb->setValue(100 * nReceived / nTotai);
slotDoneO ( 39.29).
, , , (link), (
url), ( ). .
,
. ,
JPG PNG, , ,
showPic ( ) , .
582 VI. Qt
39.29. DownloaderGui.cpp. slotDoneO
void DownloaderGui: rslotDone(const QUrl& url, const QByteArrayS ba)

{
QFile file(url.path().section('/', -1));
if (file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
file.write(ba);
file.close();
if (strFileName.endsWith(".jpg")
II strFileName.endsWith(".png")
){
showPic(strFileName);
( 39.30) ,
3
scaled () Qt::SmoothTransforamtion.
setPixmapO QLabel
setFixedSize () .
show().
39.30. DownloaderGui.cpp. showPic()
void DownloaderGui::showPic(const QStrings strFileName)

{
QPixmap pix(strFileName);
pix = pix.scaled(pix.size() / 3,
Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio,
Qt::SmoothTransformation
);
plbl->setPixmap(pix);
plbl->setFixedSize(pix.size());
plbl->show();
, 39.31,
.
39.31. DownloaderGui.cpp. slotError()
void DownloaderGui::slotError()
{
QMessageBox::critical(0,
tr("Error"),
tr("An error while download is occured")
);
}
39. 583

, , ,
, .
.
. , ,
.

, waitFor. ..
QAbstractSocket , :
waitForConnected ( ) ;
waitForReadyRead ( ) ;
, ;
waitForBytesWritten ( )
waitForDisconnected() ;
waitForEncrypted() ( QSslSocket).
, .
30 .
TCP- ,
39.32.
39.32. TCP-

{
QTcpServer tcpServer;
int nPort = 2424;
if (!tcpServer.listen(QHostAddress::Any, nPort)) {
qDebugO "Can't listen on port: " nPort;
return 0;
}
forever {
while (tcpServer.waitForNewConnection(60000)) {
do {
QTcpSocket* pSocket = tcpServer.nextPendingConnection();
QString strDateTime =
QDateTime::currentDateTime()
.toString("yyyy.MM.dd hhrmm:ss");
pSocket->write(strDateTime.toLatinl());
pSocket->flush();
qDebugO "Server date & time:" + strDateTime;
pSocket->disconnectFromHost();
if (pSocket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState){
pSocket->waitForDisconnected();
}
584 VI. Qt
delete pSocket;
} while (tcpServer.hasPendingConnections());
return 0;
}
39.32 ,
, .
QTcpServer , ,
2424.
!
Mac OS X , 80 (HTTP),
. -
sudo.
forever while
, ,
, .

nextPendingConnection () , pSocket.
strDateTime,
write ( ) . write ( )
flush ( ) , , ,
. ,
, disconnectFromHost ( )
, .
waitForDisconnectedO . ,
waitForDisconnectedO ,
:
QAbstractSocket::waitForDisconnectedO is not allowed in UnconnectedState
, ,
QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState,
, waitForDisconnectedO .
delete .
, , ,
, .
, ,
,
forever.
TCP-, 39.33, .
(socket) connectToHost () .
QHostAddress::LocalHost ,
, .
, .
waitForDisconnectedO , .
.
39. 585
39.33. TCP-
#include <QtCore>
#include <QtNetwork>

{
QTcpSocket socket;
socket.connectToHost(QHostAddress::LocalHost, 2424);
socket.waitForDisconnected();
qDebugO socket.readAll();
return 0;
}
QNetworkAccessManager
waitFor. . . . ,
.
39.25 , download () ,
,
:
void Downloader::download(const QUrl& url)
{
QNetworkRequest request(url);
QNetworkReply* pnr = m_pnam->get(request);
QEventLoop loop;
connect(srequest, SIGNAL(finished()), Sloop, SLOT(quit()));

loop.exec();
}

, ,
, -.
, ,
, , ,
- . -
QNetworkProxy. 39.34.
39.34. -
QNetworkProxy proxy;
proxy.setType(QNetworkProxy::HttpProxy);
proxy.setHostName("192.168.178.1");
proxy.setPort(8080);
586 VI. Qt
proxy.setUser("user");
proxy.setPassword("password" );
QNetworkProxy::setApplicationProxy(proxy);
39.34 QNetworkProxy , 1-,

, -.
setApplicationProxy ( ) .
TCP UDP.
, ,
. , UDP
( ),
, TCP.

. : .
- :
, ,
. ,
. .
Qt
QNetworkAccessManager.
40
XML

, - ,
,
.

XML (Extensible Markup Language,

) . , ,
, , XML.

. XML.
XML 1996 , 1998 W3C (World
Wide Web Consortium) . , XML
SGML,
1 980-. XML HTML
, SGML, , ,
, .
XML ,
. XML
, XML. XML-
ASCII Unicode, .
XML-
, Notepad () Windows.

XML-
XML .
: , ,
. . XML HTML. XML
. , , , XML
, HTML, , XML ,
XML-, .

.
588 VI. Qt
XML-,
, , ,
:
<?xml version = "1.0"?>

<! Address Book >
<addressbook>
<contact number = "1">
<name>Piggy</name>
<phone>+49 631322187</phone>
<email>piggy@mega.de</email>
</contact>
<contact number = "2">
<name>Kermit</name>
<phone>+49 63132218l</phone>
<email>kermit@mega.de</email>
</contact>
</addressbook>
XML- ,
. XML-
(elements). < >, .
.
: <name>, , : </name>.
: <name>Piggy</name>,
. , , :
<empty></empty>. XML
, : <empty/>. ,
,
, , : <empty
number = "l"x/empty> <empty number = "i"/>. ,
.
XML- ,

, < ! >.
HTML XML :
,
, . , XML <>
, HTML, , ,
properties ();

. , , ,
: <Tagx/Tag> <tagx/tag> .
. 40.1 XML. ,
XML- .
40. XML 589
I [.]
version =1.0"
My Address Book
___
addressbook
(number ="1)
name
__ I
phone
.Piggy
I
j_ _- fTFXTt
- +49631322187
email
-
I [TEXT| piggy@mega.de
. 40.1. XML-
XML Qt
Qt XML. , Qt Designer
(. 44) .
Qt,
(. 30).
XML Qt Qtxml,
.

:
QT += xml
,
QtXml:
tinclude <QtXml>
Qt XML. DOM,
SAX, QXmlstreamReader. ,
, .
DOM
DOM (Document Object Model, )
API
XML-, W3C. Qt
, W3C
(name spaces). DOM
XML- .
. ,
, , DOM
.
590 VI. Qt
. 40.2. DOM
QDomNode
QDomCharacterData
QDomText
2
|j3DomDSectiorJ
. 40.2 QDomNode,
Qt DOM.
|QDomComment J
DOM ( QDomAttr
QtXml.
: QDomNode, QDomElement, QDomAttr
|QDomDocument J
QDomText. |QDomDocumentFragment
XML-
QDomDocumentType _)
QDomElement 2 QDomElement
. DOM |QDomEntity
. ,
. , QDomEntityReference
, ,
QDomElement.
QDomNotation
2
DOM QDomNode, JDomPracessinglnstmctionJ
.
, , ,
. QDomNode
QDomElement QDomNode::toEiement () .

( isNuii()).
, 40.1 40.2, XML-
:
Attr: "1"
TagName: "name" Text : "Piggy"
TagName: "phone" Text : "+49 631322187
TagName: "email Text: "piggy@mega.de"
Attr: "2"
TagName: "name" Text: "Kermit"
TagName: "phone" Text: "+49 631322181"
TagName: "email" Text: "kermit@mega.de
XML Qt ,
QT pro- ( 40.1).
CONFIG, console. ,
Windows.
40.1. XmlDOMRead.pro
TEMPLATE = app
QT += xml
40. XML 591
Win32: CONFIG += console

SOURCES = main.cpp
TARGET = ../XmlDOMRead
main(), 40.2, QDomDocument
QFile. QDomDocument XML-.
XML- setContextO QDomDocument
, , QiODevice.
QFile. , QDomElement
documentElement ( ) QDomDocument, XML-
. traverseNode ( ),
XML-.
DOM .
traverseNode ( ) firstChild ( ) nextSibling ( ) QDomNode.
nextSibling ( ) , ,
. isElement ( ) .
, QDomElement
toElement ( ) QDomElement.
"contact" ( tagNameO) attribute ()
number.
tagName ( ) text ( ) .
40.2. main.cpp
# include <QtXml>
//
void traverseNode(const QDomNodes node)
{
QDomNode domNode = node.firstChild ();
while (! domNode.isNull()) {
if(domNode.isElement ()) {
QDomElement domElement = domNode.t oElement ();
if ( ! domElement.isNull ( )) {
if(domElement .tagName () == "contact") {
qDebugO "Attr: "
domElement.attribute("number", "");
}
else {
qDebugO "TagName: " domElement .tagName ()
"\tText: " domElement .text ();
}
}
}
traverseNode(domNode);
domNode = domNode.nextSibling ();
592 VI. Qt
//
int main()
{
QDomDocument domDoc;
QFile file("addressbook.xml");
if(file.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
if(domDoc.setContent(&file)) {
QDomElement domElement= domDoc.documentElement();
traverseNode(domElement);
}
file.close();
}
return 0;
}
XML-
XML-
. QDomDocument :
createElement(), createTextNode(), createAttribute ( ) .
.
, 40.3, XML-
. QDomDocument
, .
"addressbook". appendChild( )
. contact ( ) ,
(. 40.4). appendChildO
domElement. XML-
tostring ( ) , XML-,
.
40.3. main.cpp. maln()
int main()
{
QDomDocument doc("addressbook");
QDomElement domElement = doc.createElement("addressbook");
doc.appendChild(domElement);
QDomElement contact1 =
contact(doc, "Piggy", "+49 631322187", "piggy@mega.de");
contact(doc, "Kermit", "+49 631322181", "kermit@mega.de");
contact(doc, "Gonzo", "+49 631322186", "gonzo@mega.de");
40. XML 593
domElement.appendChiId(contact1);
domElement.appendChiId(contact2);
domElement.appendChild(contact3);
if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
QTextStream(sfile) doc.toString();
file.close();
}
return 0;
}
40.4 contact(). ,
.
.
makeElement ( ) , ,
.
40.4. main.cpp. contact ()
QDomElement contact( QDomDocuments domDoc,

const QStrings strName,
const QStrings strPhone,
const QStrings strEmail
{
static int nNumber = 1;
QDomElement domElement = makeElement(domDoc,

"contact",
QStringO .setNum(nNumber)
);
domElement.appendChild(makeElement(domDoc, "name", "", strName));
domElement.appendChild(makeElement(domDoc, "phone", "", strPhone));
domElement.appendChild(makeElement(domDoc, "email", "", strEmail));
nNumber++;
return domElement;
}
40.5 makeElement () ,
createElement ( ) QDomDocument.
, number.
createAttribute ( ) QDomDocument.
setvalue ( ) .
, createTextNode ( )
QDomNode . appendChild ( )
.
594 VI. Qt
40.5. main.cpp. makeElementO
QDomElement makeElement( QDomDocument& domDoc,

const QStrings strName,
const QStrings strAttr = QString(),
const QStrings strText = QString()
)
{
QDomElement domElement = domDoc.createElement(strName);
if (!strAttr.isEmpty()) {
QDomAttr domAttr = domDoc.createAttribute("number");
domAttr.setValue(strAttr);
domElement.setAttributeNode(domAttr);
}
if (!strText.isEmpty()) {
QDomText domText = domDoc.createTextNode(strText);
domElement.appendChild(domText);
}
return domElement;
}
c SAX
DOM
. XML- SAX.
SAX (Simple API for XML, API XML) Java API
XML-. SAX XML-
, .
XML-
QXmlSimpieReader XML-, SAX.
XML- , ,
. :
, XML-. ,
, XML-.
SAX . 40.3. QXmlContentHandler
QXmlSimpieReader. ,
QXmlEntityResolver, QXmlDTDHandler, QXmlErrorHandler, QXmlDeclHandler
QxmlLexicaiHandier, ,
XML-.
, XML-
: QXmlContentHandler QXmlErrorHandler. QXmlContentHandler
, .
:
40. XML 595
1. startDocument ( ) XML-.
2. startElement ( ) .
3. characters() .
4. endElement ( ) .
5. endDocument ( ) .
|QXmlContentHandler |
j QXmlDTDHandler |
|QXmlDedHandlgi
. 40.3.
[ QXmlEntityResolver | SAX
[ 11
| QXmlLexicalHandler |
fQXmlDefaultHandleJ
QXmlDefaultHandler,
(. . 40.3).
. XML-
: startDocument(), startElement(), characters!), endElement(), endDocument ( )
fataiError () . QXmlErrorHandier.
true,
QXmisimpieReader , . false
, ,
errorstring().
, 40.6 40.7, XML-.
, 40.1 40.2.
, 40.6,
AddressBookParser (. 40.7), QFile ( ) QXmisimpieReader
( ). XML- SAX-,
QXmlinputSource, QiODevice.
parse!) QXmisimpieReader.
XML-.
setContentHandler , QXmlContentHandler,
XML- .
int main()
{
AddressBookParser handler;
QXmlinputSource source(sfile);
QXmisimpieReader reader;
596 VI. Qt
reader.setContentHandler( shandler);
reader.parse(source);
return 0;
}
40.7 AddressBookParser ,
XML-.
startEiement( ) endEiement ( ) ,
, . startEiement()
, . ,
, XML,
, , , ,
.
number, . characters!)
m strText. ,
AddressBookParser.
endEiement , .
, , . contact
addressbook, . fatalError( )
, XML-.
XML-
, , .
40.7. main.cpp. AddressBookParser
class AddressBookParser : public QXmlDefaultHandler {

private:
QString m_strText;
public:
//
bool startEiement(const QStrings,
const QStrings,
const QStrings,
const QXmlAttributess attrs
)
{
for(int i = 0; i < attrs.count(); i++) {
if(attrs.localName(i) == "number") {
qDebugO "Attr:" attrs.value(i);
)
}
return true;
}
//
bool characters(const QStrings strText)
(
m strText = strText;
40. XML 597
return true;
}
//
bool endElement(const QStrings, const QStrings, const QStrings str)
{
if (str != "contact" && str != "addressbook") {

qDebug() "TagName:" str
"\tText:" m strText;
return true;
}
//
bool fatalError(const QXmlParseExceptions exception)
{
qDebug() "Line:" exception.lineNumber()
", Column:" exception.columnNumber()
", Message:" exception.message();
return false;
}
QXmlStreamReader XML
Qt XML-
QXmlStreamReader. SAX,
, , SAX.
SAX.
QXmlStreamReader 40.8.
40.8. main.cpp. QXmlStreamReader
#include <QtXml>
int main()
{
if(file.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
QXmlStreamReader sr(sfile);
do {
sr.readNext();
qDebug() sr.tokenstring() sr.nameO sr.textO;
} while(!sr.atEnd());
if (sr.hasError()) {
qDebug() "Error:" sr.errorstring();
}
598 VI. Qt
file.close();
return 0;
40.8 XML- addressbook.xml

.
QXmlStreamReader sr. readNextO do...while
, .
( tokenstring ( ) ), ( ())
( text ( ) ). ,
( atEnd()).
hasError ( )
( errorstring ()).
:
StartDocument" "" ""
Comment" "" " My Address Book
StartElement" "addressbook" ""
Characters" ii
StartElement" "contact" ""
Characters"
StartElement" "name" ""
Characters" "" "Piggy"
EndElement" "name" ""
Characters" II II II
StartElement" "phone" ""
Characters" "" "+49 631322187"
EndElement" "phone" ""
StartElement" "email" ""
Characters" mi "piggy@mega.de"
EndElement" "email ""
EndElement" "contact" ""
StartElement" "contact" ""
Characters" II
StartElement" "name" ""
Characters" "" "Kermit"
EndElement" "name" ""
StartElement" "phone" ""
Characters" "" "+49 631322181"
EndElement" "phone" ""
StartElement" "email" ""
Characters" "" "kermit@mega.de
40. XML 599
"EndElement" 'email'
"Characters" I II II II
"EndElement" contact" ""
"Characters" I II II
"EndElement" 'addressbook" ""
"EndDocument " II II II II
XQuery
XQuery (XML Query Language, XML) ,
XML- .
, XSLT, SQL . Qt
XQuery QXmlQuery,
QtxmlPatterns. XQuery
( 40.9).
pro-. QtxmlPatterns
:
QT += xmlpatterns
40.9 ,
: , XML-, XQ- XQuery.
.
strQuery XQ-,
( 2). XML- ( xmlFile)
, , QXmlQuery.
XQuery- XML-,
inputDocument QXmlQuery: :bindVariable ( ) .
QXmlQuery: :setQuery() ,
XQ-, QXmlQuery: : isvalid ( ) .
QXmlQuery: : evaluateTo ( )
Qstring, .
,
qDebug ( ) .
40.9. main.cpp. XQuery
# include <QtCore>
# include <QtXmlPatterns>

{
if (argc < 3) {
qDebug ( ) "usage: XQuery any. xml any.xq";
return 0;
}
QString strQuery =
QFile xqFile (argv[2] ) ;
600 VI. Qt
if(xqFile.open(QIODevice::Readonly)) {
strQuery = xqFile.readAll();
xqFile.close();
}
else (
qDebugO "Can't open the file for reading:" argv[l];
return 0;
}
QFile xmlFile(argv[1]);
if(xmlFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
QXmlQuery query;
query.bindVariable("inputDocument", sxmlFile);
query.setQuery(strQuery);
if (!query.isValidO ) {
qDebugO "The query is invalid";
return 0;
}
QString strOutput;
if (!query.evaluateTo(sstrOutput)) {
qDebugO "Can't evaluate the query";
return 0;
}
xmlFile.close();
qDebugO strOutput;
return app.exec();
)
, 40.10, XML-.
XML- declare
variable. external ,
, .
"/addressbook/contact/"
concat() .
40.10. _all.xq.
declare variable $inputDocument external;

doc($inputDocument)/addressbook/contact/
concat('(name:' , name, ' email:', email, ' phone:', phone, ') ')
(name:Kermit email:kermit@mega.de phone:+49 631322181)
:
XQuery addressbook.xml _all.xq
40. XML 601
:
(name:Piggy email:piggy@mega.de phone:+49 631322187)
40.1 1 ,
for, where, order by return.
SELECT FROM WHERE SQL.
40.11. _kermit.xq.

for $x in doc( $inputDocument)/addressbook/contact/name
where data($x) = "Kermit"
order by $x
return data($x)
40.1 1 for ,
, "/addressbook/contact/name". where

, "Kermit".
order by ( ,
). return ,
.
:
XQuery addressbook.xml _kermit.xq
:
"Kermit"
40.2 , . ,
number 1.
concat().
40.12. _piggy.xq.

doc($inputDocument)/addressbook/contact[xs:integer(Snumber) = 1]/
concat(name, '; email, '; ', phone)
:
XQuery addressbook.xml _piggy.xq
:
"Piggy; piggy@mega.de; +49 631322187"
XML- .
,
, :
doc($inputDocument)/addressbook/contact[xs:integer(Snumber) < 20 and @land =
"Germany"]/.
602 VI. Qt

20.

. "addressbook" ,
. :
doc($inputDocument)/addressbook[@owner = "Max Schlee"]/contact/.
,
Max Schlee.
, , :
empty!) true, , count!),
. 40.13 count!)
, XML-.
40.13. _count.xq.

count(doc($inputDocument)//contact)
:
XQuery addressbook.xml _count.xq
:
"2"

XML. XML
.
Qt XML-: DOM, SAX
QXmlStreamReader. XML- (
), .
XML- .
, .
, SAX
,
. ,
. ,
XML-, SAX .
XQuery Qt Qtxml Patterns.
XML-,
. SQL .
QtXmlPatterns.
41
,
, ... .

, .
,
. (. 41.1).
, / .
, , , .
,
, .
_

.

_
1
| number name phone
1 email
1
()_
TJ1_ Kermit
Piggy +49 631322187 piggy@mega.de
+49 631322181 kermit@mega.de

( )
(;
() _ Gonzo +49 631322186 gonzo@mega.de

() ()
. 41.1. ()
: ,
, . .
SQL (Structured Query Language, ),
,
.
SQL
, , :
, ( ), , .
, SQL, . -
604 VI. Qt
SQL ,
, ( ),

. ,
,
.
, SQL , ,
, . , SELECT, select, Select . .
SQL . SQL
.

, . 41.1, CREATE TABLE,
, , :
CREATE TABLE addressbook (
number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(15),
phone VARCHAR( 12),
email VARCHAR(15)
);

. SQL
INSERT INTO.
, .
VALUES:
INSERT INTO addressbook (number, name, phone, email)
VALUES(1, 'Piggy', '+49 631322187', 'piggy@mega.de');
INSERT INTO addressbook (number, name, phone, email)

VALUES(2, 'Hermit', '+49 631322181', 'kermit@mega.de');

SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE
. , .
.
:
1. SELECT
, . SELECT
*, ,
.
.
2. FROM , .
41. 605
3. WHERE .
, . ,
.
, Piggy :
SELECT email
FROM addressbook
WHERE name = ' Piggy';

UPDATE ... SET ... WHERE.
SET ,
, = .
, .
, , WHERE.
Piggy
piggy@mega.de piggy@supermega.de:
UPDATE addressbook
SET email = 'piggy@supermega.de'
WHERE name = ' Piggy';
DELETE FROM ... WHERE.

WHERE ,
. , Piggy :
DELETE FROM addressbook
WHERE name = 'Piggy';
SQL Qt
Qt QtSql.
, :
QT += sql
,
QtSql:
#include <QtSql>
QtSql :
1. .
2. .
3. .
.
, QSqlDriver, QSqlDriverCreator<T*>, QSqlDriverCreatorBase,
QSqlDriverPlugin QSqlResult.
606 VI. Qt

. : QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery,
QSqlError, QSqlField, QSqllndex QSqlRecord.

. : QSqlQueryModel, QSqlTableModel
QSqlRelationalTableModel.
,
.
, Qt.
, , Qt, . 41.1.
( SQLite) -,

. ,
SQLite, ,
Qt.
41.1.
QOCI Oracle Oracle Call Interface (OCI).

7, 8 9
QODBC ODBC (Open Database Connectivity,
) ODBC- Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2, Sybase
SQL, iODBC
QMYSQL MySQL
.
www.mysql.com
QTDS Sybase Adaptive Server

QPSQL PosgreSQL SQL92/SQL3
QSQLITE2 SQLite 2
QSQLITE SQLite 3
QIBASE Borland InterBase
QDB2 DB/2 , IBM
. 41.1 ,
.
Qt ,
(plug-ins).
.
Qt ,
, ,
configure
-I -L
. , -piugin-sql-
: db2, ibase, mysql, oci, odbc, psql, sqlite, sqlite2 tbs. , MySQL
:
41. 607
Windows:
configure -plugin-sql-mysql -I C:\mysql\include -L C:\mysql\lib
Linux:
configure -plugin-sql-mysql -I/urs/local/mysql/include -L/urs/local/mysql/lib

,
Qtsqi,
-plugin-sql- -qt-sql-.
,
, . Qt (src),
qtbase/src/plugins/sqldrivers.
. , PostgreSQL
psql. , :
Windows:
qmake "INCLUDE +=:/psql/include LIBS+=C:/psql/libpq.a"
Linux:
qmake "INCLUDE PATH+=/usr/ include/pgsql LIBS+=-LC:/usr/lib -lpg"

MinGW,
reimp. , Windows
*.//,
Microsoft. MSYS MinGW.
!

, ,
. , Windows
<MyApplication>/sq!drivers/. Linux
, Mac OS X macdeployqt,
.
, . ,
, .
( )
.
QSqlDatabase::addDatabase () ( 41.1).
, (. . 41.1).
41.1. main.cpp.
static bool createConnection ()

{
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase ("QSQLITE");
db.setDatabaseName ( "addressbook");
608 VI. Qt
db. setUserName ( "elton" ) ;

db.setHostName ("epica") ;
.
db setPassword ( "password" ) ;
if ( idb.open ( ) ) {
qDebugO "Cannot open database:" db. lastError () ;
return false;
}
return true;
}
, :

QSqlDatabase : : setDatabaseName ( ) ;
, ,
QSqlDatabase : : setUserName ( ) ;
, ,
QSqlDatabase : : setHostName ( ) ;
QSqlDatabase : : setPassword ( ) .
,
(. 41.1).
QSqlDatabase : : addDatabase ( )
QSqlDatabase: :() . ,
, . ,
QSqlDatabase : : lastError ( ) ,
QSqlError. qDebug ( ) .
, text ( )
QSqlError .
QSqlDatabase

, .
. QSqlDatabase: : tables ()
,
:
QStringList 1st = db. tables ();
foreach (QString str, 1st) {
qDebugO "Table:" str;
}
SQL ( )
SQL
QSqlQuery. () ,
QSqlQuery: :().
.
QSqlQuery . ,
SELECT next ( ) ,
previous (), first (), last ( ) seek(). next()
, previous ( )
. first () last()
41. 609
. seek ( ) ,
.
size().
INSERT. ,
. : prepare ()
bindvalue ( ) . prepare ( ) ,
bindvalue(). :
query.prepare("INSERT INTO addressbook (number, name, phone, email)"
"VALUES(:number, :name, :phone, :emai1);");
query.bindvalue(" inumber", 1);
query.bindvalue(":name", "Piggy");
query.bindvalue(":phone", "+49 631322187");
query.bindvalue(":email", "piggy@mega.de");
ODBC
:
query.prepare("INSERT INTO addressbook (number, name, phone, email)"
"VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?);");
query.bindvalue(1);
query.bindvalue("Piggy");
query.bindvalue ("+49 631322187");
query.bindvalue("piggy@mega.de");
QString, ,
QString::arg ( ) ,
. 41.2.
,
, ,
, .
, 41.2, SQL.
, . ,
:
1 "Piggy" ; "+49 631322187" ; "piggy@mega.de"
2 "Kermit" ; "+49 631322181" ; "kermit@mega.de"
41.2. SQL. main.cpp. man()

{
//
if (!createConnection()) {
return -1;
}
//
QSqlQuery query;
610 VI. Qt
QString str = "CREATE TABLE addressbook ( "

"number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, "
"name VARCHAR(15), "
"phone VARCHAR(12), "
"email VARCHAR(15) "
ii . .
\
)r f
if (!query.exec(str)) {
qDebugO "Unable to create a table";
}
//
QString strF =
"INSERT INTO addressbook (number, name, phone, email) "
"VALUES(%1, '%2', * %3, '%4');";
str = strF.arg("1)
.arg("Piggy")
.arg("+49 631322187")
.arg("piggy@mega.de");
qDebugO "Unable to make insert operation";
}
str = strF.arg("2")
.arg("Kermit")
.arg("+49 631322181")
.arg("kermit@mega.de");
qDebugO "Unable to make insert operation";
}
if (!query.exec("SELECT * FROM addressbook;")) {

qDebugO "Unable to execute query - exiting";
return 1;
}
//
QSqlRecord rec = query.record();
int nNumber = 0;
QString strName;
QString strPhone;
QString strEmail;
while (query.next()) {
nNumber = query.value(rec.indexOf("number")).tolnt();
strName = query.value(rec.indexOf("name")).toString();
strPhone = query.value(rec.indexOf("phone")).toString();
strEmail = query.value(rec.indexOf("email")).toString();
41. 611
qDebugO nNumber " " strName ";\t"

strPhone ";\t" strEmail;
}
return 0;
}
createConnection ( )
41.2 , SQL .
( ) QSqiQuery. ,
. ,
, strF
INSERT. arg() QString
, .
, , ,
SELECT, query.
. next < )
.
. , , next ( )
false, .
QSqiQuery::value(),
. record ( ) .
QSqlRecord,
SELECT . QSqlRecord::indexOf(), .
value ( ) QVariant. QVariant ,
(. 4).
,
QVariant : :tolnt ( ) QVariant ::toString ( ) .
QSqlRecord. , 41.2
, - ,
. , , ,
, QSqlRecord: : count
QSqlRecord::fieldName() ,
.
, QSqlRecord: : field ( ) .
QSqlField,
, , , ( QSqlField: : ), ( QSqlField::
type ( ) ), ( QSqlField: : length ) ( QSqlField: : valued).

QSqlRecord::contains().
SQL- ( )
QtSqi (. 12),
.
.
. Qt
612 VI. Qt
: , .
.

-
SELECT, QSqlQueryModel.
,
.
41.3
Piggy.
(. 41.2).
. 41.2.
41.3 QTableView
QSqlQueryModel. setQueryO,
if
lastError ( ) . QSqlError, , ,
, . isValidO.
qDebug ( ) .
setModel ( ).
41.3. . main.cpp. mainQ

{
if ( ! createConnection ()) {
return -1;
}
QTableView view;
QSqlQueryModel model;
mode l.setQuery("SELECT phone, email "
"FROM addressbook "
"WHERE name = 'Piggy';"
);
if (model.lastError().isValid() ) {
qDebug () model.lastError ( );
41. 613
view.setModel(smodel);
view.show();
return app.exec();
}

QSqiTabieModei
QSqlQueryModei. ,
. ,
.
,
, removeColumn ( ) .
( 41 .4), . 41.3,
.
_ SQLTableModel [ CZ,
I 0 \r-Z3
number name phone email
1 1 Piggy HS3 31322187 piggy@mega.de
2 2 Kermit -*49 631322181 kermit@mega.de
. 41.3.
41.4 ,
createConnection ( ) (. 41.1 ),
QTableView QSqiTabieModei. setTableO
. select ( )
.

{
return -1;
}
QTableView view;
QSqiTabieModei model;
model.setTable("addressbook");
model.select();
model.setEditStrategy(QSqiTabieModei::OnFieldChange);
view.setModel(smodel);
view.show();
return app.exec();
614 VI. Qt
.
QSqlTableModel ,
setEditStrategy ( ) :
OnRowChange ,
;
OnFieldChange ,
;
OnManualSubmit submitAll () .
revertAll{), .
, . 41.3
QSqlTableModel::OnFieldChange, setEditStrategy ( )
.
. setModel { ) .

rowCount ( ) .
, , .
for (int nRow = 0; nRow < model.rowCount(); ++nRow) {
QSqlRecord rec = model.record(nRow);
int nNumber = record.value("number").tolnt();
QString strName = record.value("name").toStringO ;

. setFilterO,
, SQL-WHERE. setSort ( )
.
:
model.setFilter("name = 'Piggy'");
model.setSort(0, Qt::DescendingOrder);
model.select();

, insertRow( ) ,
, ,
setDataO . ,
OnFieldChange OnRowChange
. , :
model.insertRows(0, 1);
model.setData(model.index(0, 0), 4);
model.setData(model.index(0, 1), "Sam");
model.setData(model.index(0, 2), "+49 63145476576");
model.setData(model.index(0, 3), "sam@mega.de");
41. 615
if (!model, submit All () ) {

qDebugO "Insertion error!";
}

,
, removeRows ( ) . ,
Piggy :
.
model setFilter ( "name = 1 Piggy ' " ) ;
model . select ( ) ;
model . removeRows ( 0 , model . rowCount ( ) ) ;
model . submitAll ( ) ;

, ,
.
(primary) / (foreign keys).
.
Qt QSqlRelationalTableModel.
QSqlTableModel.
, :
relationModel ( ) , relation ( ) setRelation ( ) .
"addressbook" "status",
, / .
CREATE TABLE status (
number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
married VARCHAR ( 5 ) "
);
:
INSERT INTO status (number, married) VALUES(1, YES');
INSERT INTO status (number, married) VALUES (2, 'NO');
( 41.5) ,
. 41.4.
7 )
'I SqlRelationalTableModel
married name phone email

L jYES i P'sigy +49 631322187 piggy@me<|a,cle
2 NO Kermit +49 631322181 kermit@meqa.de
. 41.4.
41.5 41.3 setRelation () .

"addressbook",
. QSqlRelation.
616 VI. Qt
"status", "addressbook",
"status" ,
.

{
return -1;
}
QTableView view;
QSqlRelationalTableModel model;
model.setTable("addressbook");
model.setRelation(0, QSqlRelation("status", "number", "married"));
model.select();
view.setModel( smodel);
view.show();
return app.exec();
}
.
.
, Qt .
, , ,
: , . .
SQL
, ,
. ()
, , .
Qt , :
, .
,
. SQL , ,
. QSqlQuery.
SQL-
.
42

, .

,
.
, .
Qt (plug-ins).

, ,
- ,
. ,
, ,
(),
.
.
( )
, .
:
.
,
, ;
, ;

, ,
. ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
. ,
,
, - .
618 VI. Qt
, (
pro), :
TEMPLATE = lib
CONFIG += dll
: TEMPLATE , ,
, , .
: CONFIG, ,
. , ,
. Windows dll, Mac OS X
dylib, Linux so.

, .
, Tools. pro-
, . :
LIBS
+= -L../../lib/ ITools
INCLUDEPATH = ../../include
, Tools ,
,
, .

. ,
PATH. , :
Windows:
set =%%;:\Projects\cpp\lib\win32
Mac OS X:
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Projects/cpp/lib/mac/:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
Linux:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Projeets/epp/lib/xll/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
, , Windows

. Mac OS X macdeployqt. Linux
, LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

.

.
. .
.

. , , ,

42. 619
.
QLibrary. ,
.
!
, ,
.
, 42.1 2.3,
, .
, 42.1.
TEMPLATE lib.
,
DESTDIR " . .".
,
, , , -=
gui QT.
42.1. dynlib.pro
TEMPLATE = lib
DESTDIR = ..
QT -= gui
SOURCES = dynlib.cpp
HEADERS = dynlib.h
TARGET = dynlib

( 41.2).
extern "C++" C++
.
oddUpper ( ) ,
. ,
,
, , QLibrary, .

C++ ,
. "C++" .
42.2. dynlib.h
#include <QString>
extern "C++" {
QString oddUpper(const QStrings str);
}
42.3 ,
.
620 VI. Qt
42.3. dynlib.cpp
#include "dynlib.h"
QString oddUpper(const QStrings str)

(
QString strTemp;

strTemp += (i % 2) ? str.at(i) : str.at(i).toUpper();
}
return strTemp;
)
, 42.4,
, .
(. 42.1).
1-:
.This iS ThE ExAmPIE Te)4
. 42.1.
42.4 1,
. ,
QLibrary , ,
, , . ,
. ,
Windows dll, UNIX/Linux so,
OS X dylib. , Qt
.
resolved.
,
. void,
. resolve ( ) , ,
. .
.
show().
42.4. main.cpp

{
QLabel lbl("this is the example text");
QLibrary lib("dynlib");
42. 621
typedef QString (*Fct) (const QStrings);

Fct fct = (Fct)(lib.resolve("oddUpper"));
if (fct) {
1.setText(fct(1.text()));
}
1.show();
return app.exec( );
)
(plug-ins)

. , ,
,
.
:
Qt;
.
Qt
Qt ,
, , ,
. . 20-. :
QSqiDriverPlugin ;
QPictureFormatPlugin, QlmagelOPlugin
(. 79);
QTextCodecPlugin ;
QStylePlugin (. 26).
QObject,
Qt. Qt ,
. QStylePlugin.
, 26 CustomStyle,
, 42.5 2.7.
, QStylePlugin ( 42.5),
create . Qt,
, Q_PLUGIN_
METADATA. IID ,
, JSON (.
50). , ,
, .
42.5. CustomStylePlugin.h. CustomstylePlugin
class CustomStylePlugin : public QStylePlugin{

Q OBJECT
622 VI. Qt
Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID, "com.mycorp.Qt.Customlnterface" FILE mystyleplugin.json)

public:
QStyle* create(const QString &key);
};
JSON- mystyleplugin.json, 42.6,

. : CustomStyle MyStyle.
42.6. mystyleplugin.json
{
"Keys": ["CustomStyle", "MyStyle"]
}
create ( ) .
, ( 42.7).
42.7. CustomStylePlugin.cpp. create
QStyle* MyStylePlugin::create(const QString &key)

{
if (key == "CustomStyle")
return new CustomStyle;
if (key == "MyStyle")
return new MyStyle;
return 0;
.
QStyleFactory ( 42.8).
42.8. main.cpp
void main(int argc, char** argv)

{
QApplication::setStyle(QStyleFactory::create("CustomStyle"));
Qt ,
,
. < Qt>/plugins/styles.
!
Qt
, ,
. , Windows
<MyApplication>/imageformats/
42. 623
<MyApplication>/sqldrivers/ . Linux ,
Mac OS X macdeployqt, .
, ,
Windows, windeployqt. ,
, , WebKit (. 46),
, JPG-, GIF- TIFF-
, .

(. ),

. QPluginLoader,
. instance ( ) ,
. QPluginLoader
, .
, ,
unload ( ) .
( 42.942.14) ,
. , . 42.2,
.
. 42.2. ,

,
( 42.9).
stringinterface, ,
. :
operations ( ) ;
operation ( ) .
, C++
, , ,
.
Q_DECLARE_
INTERFACE ( ) , -, -
.
QPluginLoader ,
624 VI. Qt
. ,
:
;
;
;
.
42.9. interfaces.h
tpragma once
class QString;
class QStringList;
// ==================================
class Stringlnterface {
public:
virtual -Stringlnterface() {}
virtual QStringList operations;) const = 0;
virtual QString operation(const QStrings strText,

const QStrings strOperation
) = 0;
};
Q_DECLARE_INTERFACE(Stringlnterface,
"com.mysoft.Application.Stringlnterface"
)
piuginswindow ( 42.10)
QMainwindow. .
42.10. PluginsWindow.h
#pragma once
#include <QMainWindow.h>
#include "interfaces.h"
class QLabel;
class QMenu;
---
// ===================== ========
class Piuginswindow : public QMainWindow {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QLabel* m_plbl;
QMenu* m_pmnuPlugins;
42. 625
public:
PluginsWindow(QWidget* pwgt = 0) ;
void loadPlugins( );
void addToMenu (QObject* pobj);
protected slots:
void slotStringOperation();
};
, 42.11, .
( m_pibi) , (
m pmnuPiugins) addMenu () .
loadPlugins ( ) .
42.11. PluginsWindow.cpp.
PluginsWindow::PluginsWindow(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/) : QMainWindow(pwgt)

{
m_plbl = new QLabel("this is the test text");
m_pmnuPlugins = new QMenuC'&PluginsOperations");
loadPlugins();
setCentralWidget(m_plbl);
menuBar()->addMenu(m_pmnuPlugins);
)
.
, plugins,
. QDir ( 42.12)
.
QPluginLoader. , QPluginLoader
instanced, QObject addToMenud,
.
42.12. PluginsWindow.cpp. loadPlugins()
void PluginsWindow::loadPlugins()
{
QDir dir;
if (!dir.cd("plugins" )) {
QMessageBox::critical(0, "plugins directory does not exist");
return;
}
foreach (QString strFileName, dir.entryList(QDir::Files)) {

QPluginLoader loader(dir.absoluteFilePath(strFileName));
addToMenu(qobject_cast<QObject*>(loader.instance()));
626 VI. Qt
addToMenu ( ) ,
( 42.13). , .
, qobjectcast
<stringinterface*>, .
, qobject_
cast<T> .
, , operations!),
lstoperations.
,
, .
siotstringOperation ( ) .
42.13. PluginsWindow.cpp. addToMenu ()
void PluginsWindow::addToMenu(QObject* pobj)

{
if (!pobj) {
return;
}
Stringlnterface* pi = qobject_cast<StringInterface*>(pobj);
if (PD {
QStringList lstoperations = pI->operations();
foreach (QString str, lstoperations) {
QAction* pact = new QAction(str, pobj);
connect(pact, SIGNAL(triggered!)),
this, SLOT(siotstringOperation())
);
m_pmnuPlugins->addAction(pact);
, 42.14, sender () ,
. QAction.
parent ( ) .
operation ( ) , .
,
.
42.14. PluginsWindow.cpp. siotstringOperation()
void PluginsWindow::siotstringOperation()
{
QAction* pact = qobject_cast<QAction*>(sender());
Stringlnterface* pi = qobject_cast<StringInterface*>(pact->parent());
m_plbl->setText(pI->operation(m_plbl->text(), pact->text()));
l
42. 627

, , ,
.
CONFIG pro- plugin,
HEADERS interfaces.h (
42.15).
42.15. MyPlugin.pro
TEMPLATE = lib
CONFIG += plugin
QT -= gui
DESTDIR = ../plugins
SOURCES = MyPlugin.cpp
HEADERS = MyPlugin.h \
../Application/interfaces.h
TARGET = myplugin
MyPlugin, 42.16, :
QObject stringinterface. Q_INTERFACES { ) ,
.
,
Q PLUGIN METADATA( ) , ,
Qt. IID ,
, JSON (. 50).
,
, C++ ,
, , .
42.16. MyPlugin.h
tpragma once
#include <QObject>
#include "../Application/interfaces.h"
// ================================================================
class MyPlugin : public QObject, public Stringinterface {
QjOBJECT
Q_INTERFACES(Stringinterface)
Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID "com.mysoft.Application.Stringinterface" FILE
"stringinterface.json")
private:
QString oddUpper(const QStrings str);
public:
virtual -MyPlugin();
628 VI. Qt
virtual QStringList operations( ) const;

virtual QString operation (const QStrings, const QStrings);
};
, 42.17,
. : oddupper lower.
42.17. MyPlugin.cpp. operations()
/virtual*/ QStringList MyPlugin;:operations() const

{
return QStringList() "oddUpper" "lower";
)
oddupper (), 42.18, .

(. 42.3),
.
42.18. MyPlugin.cpp. oddupper()
QString MyPlugin::oddupper(const QStrings str)

{
QString strTemp;

strTemp += (i % 2) ? str.at(i) : str.at(i).toUpper();
1
return strTemp;
}
42.19 operation)), .
, ,
. ,
.
42.19. MyPlugin.cpp. operation()
/virtual*/ QString MyPlugin::operation(const QStrings strText,

const QStrings strOperation
)
{
QString strTemp;
if (strOperation == "oddupper") {
strTemp = oddupper(strText);
1
else if (strOperation = "lower") {
strTemp = strText.toLower();
42. 629
else {
qDebugO "Unsupported operation";
}
return strTemp;
,
. , ,
, , .

, .
,
, .
.

.
, .
Qt
. resolve .
.
, .
Qt :
;
.
Qt
, . ,
.
Qt QPluginLoader,
, . ,
, ,
.
Q_DECLARE_INTERFACE. ,
, ,
, qobject_cast<T>.
,
, .
: QObject , .
Q INTERFACES,
.
Q PLUGIN METADATA ( ) , .
43
Qt
API
.
!
! .
, .
.

.
,
, Qt ,
,
, ,
.
. , ,
.
,

(. 42) .
, ,
, ,
. ,
, :
#if defined(Q_OS_WIN)
// Windows
#elif defined(Q_OS_UNIX)
// UNIX
#elif defined(Q_OS_OSX)
// Mac OS X
#else
//He
#endif
. 43.1 .

,
C++ . : Q_CC_INTEL, Q_CC_MSVC, Q_CC_MINGW,
Q_CC_BR .
43. Qt API 631
43.1.
Q_0S_AIX AIX (Advanced Interactive executive) ,

UNIX System V, IBM
Q_0S_FREEBSD FreeBSD UNIX- ,
UNIX- AT&T
Q_OS_IRIX IRIX UNIX SGI (Silicon Graphics Inc.)
Q_0S_LINUX Linux
, UNIX
Q_S_SX Mac OS X Apple
Macintosh
Q_S_SOLARIS SOLARIS UNIX,
Sun Microsystems
Q_0S_WIN32 32- Windows Microsoft
Q_OS_WIN64 64- Windows Microsoft
Q_OS_IOS iOS, Apple iPhone, iPad
iPod touch
Q_OS_ANDROID Android, Google

Q_0S_WINRT Windows RT Microsoft
Q_0S_WINPH0NE , Microsoft
qmake ,
. pro-
,
,
Mac OS X (frameworks). Mac OS X
mm-, Objective C++.
macx {
DESTDIR = ../../lib/mac
LIBS += -lAnyMacOSXLib -framework AnyFrameworkName
OBJECTIVE_SOURCES += myfile_mac.mm
}
Win32 {
DESTDIR = . ./Iib/win32
LIBS += -lAnyWin32Lib
SOURCE += myfile_win.epp
}
!Win32:!macx {
DESTDIR = ../../lib/xll
LIBS += -lAnyUnixLib
SOURCES += myfile_lin.cpp
}
,
, . ,
:
632 VI. Qt
win32-msvc.net {
SOURCES += MyDotNetFile_win.
}
,
"{)" , ,
Windows :
Win32 : debug: CONFIG += console
qmake 3.
Windows API
( 43.1), . 43.1,
GDI (Graphical Device Interface,
) Windows.
GDI+ DirectX.
Windows API .
. 43.1. GDI
43.1 nativeEvent ( ) .
Qt,
true.
nativeEvent () , QWidget.
, , Windows.
, ,
MessageBoxO Windows API, .

Windows, winid().
, Windows, ,
HWND ( ). HWND.
paintEvent ( )
GDI. ,
QWidget : : ef f ectivewinid ( ) , HWND
Windows API Get DC HDC ( Device
Context, ), GDI,
43. Qt API 633
. (
setAutoFillBackground())
. paintEngine( ),
, ,
.
43.1. main.cpp. WinAPl
class WinAPl : public QWidget {

protected:
virtual bool nativeEvent(const QByteArrayS baType,
void* pmessage,
long* result
)
{
QString strl = "Windows Version = "
+ QString::number(QSysInfo::WindowsVersion);
QString str2 = "Windows Message";
WId id = effectiveWinld();
HWND hWnd = (HWND)id;
MSG* pmsg = reinterpret_cast<MSG*>(pmessage);
switch(pmsg->message) {
case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
::MessageBox(hWnd,
(const WCHAR*)strl.utf16(),
(const WCHAR*)str2.utf16(),
MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION
);
break;
default:
;
}
return QWidget::nativeEvent(baType, pmessage, result);

}
virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent*)

{
WId id = effectiveWinld();
HWND hWnd = (HWND)id;
HDC hDC = ::GetDC(hWnd);
HBRUSH hBrush = ::CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 0, 255));
HBRUSH hBrushRect = ::CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200, 200, 200));
HPEN hPen = ::CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, RGB(0, 0, 128));
QString str = "GDI Drawing";
TEXTMETRIC tm;
634 VI. Qt
: :SelectObject(hDC, hBrushRect);
::Rectangle(hDC, 0, 0, width(), height)));
::GetTextMetrics(hDC, &tm);
;:SelectObject(hDC, hBrush);
;:SelectObject(hDC, hPen);
Ellipse(hDC, 0, 0, width(), height!));
;:TextOut(hDC,
width() / 2 - (tm.tmAveCharWidth * str.length()) / 2,
(height!) - tm.tmHeight) / 2,
(const WCHAR*)str.utf16(),
str.length()
);
::DeleteObject(hBrushRect);
::DeleteObject(hBrush);
::DeleteObject(hPen);
::ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC);
virtual void resizeEvent(QResizeEvent* pe)

{
update();
QWidget: ; resizeEvent(pe);
public:
WinAPI(QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWidget(pwgt)
(
setAutoFillBackground(false);
setAttribute(Qt::WA_PaintOnScreen, true);
}
QPaintEngine* paintEngine() const

(
return 0;
}
QString 43.1
(const WCHAR*)str.utfl6 ( ) . 43.2 13.3 ,
, Windows ( . 43.3
, . 43.2).
43.2. QStringe

C++ Standard String std::wstring wstr = qstr.toStdWStringO
BSTR (OLE String) BSTR bstr = ::SysAllocString(qstr.utfl6())
8bit (LPCSTR) LPCSTR lstr = qstr,toLocal8Bit().constData()
43. Qt API 635
43.2 ()

LPCWSTR LPCWSTR wstr = qstr.utfl6()
CString (MFC) CString mfcstr = qstr.utf!6()
43.3. QString

C++ Standard String QString qstr = QString::fromStdWString(wstr)
BSTR (OLE String) QString qstr((QChar*)bstr, wcslen(bstr))
8bit (LPCSTR) QString qstr = QString::fromLocal8Bit(lstr)
LPCWSTR QString qstr = QString::fromUtf16(wstr)
CString (MFC) QString qstr = QString::fromUtf!6((LPCTSTR(mfcstr)))
Linux
Windows, UNIX/Linux Qt
. QWidget xllEventO,
X Window. ,
.
Qt, true.
Mac OS X
Mac OS X
Objectve C++. ,
C++. Objective C++. ,
C++, Objective C++ h-,
C++, , Q_os_osx .
Objective C++ ( Qt)
. -, Objective - ,
,
C++ . C++
Qt ,
. Objective ,
, ,
, , , . .
Qt C++.
Objective ,
, C++,
.
Objective -
, ,
636 VI. Qt
Objective , C++ .
GCC , , Windows
MinGW.
, Objective C++ Objective ,
C++. , C++,
Objective . , Objective
Apple, Mac OS X, iPhone, iPad iPod touch
.

( 43.2 43.7)
() Mac OS X (. 43.2).
0
_
Mac Check Button
A
. 43.2. Mac OS X
pro- ( 43.2) Objective C++

OBJECTIVE SOURCES Cocoa LIBS.
43.2. MacButton.pro
TEMPLATE =
QT += widgets
TARGET = MacButton
macx {
OBJECTIVE_SOURCES += MacButton.mm
LIBS += -framework Cocoa
HEADERS += MacButton.h
}
SOURCES += main.cpp
( 43.3) Q_os_osx ,
( MacButton) ,
Mac OS X.
.
43.3. main.cpp
#ifdef Q_OS_OSX
# include "MacButton.h"
#endif
{
43. Qt API 637
#ifdef Q_OS_OSX
MacButton cmd;
cmd.show();
#else
QLabel label("This example requires Mac OS X");
label.show();
#endif
return app.exec();
}
( 43.4) ButtonContainer,
QMacCocoaviewContainer,
Mac OS X. qmaccocoaviewcontainer_mac.h,
# import. Objective
# include , ,
h- ,
:
#pragma once
QMacCocoaviewContainer, ,
, MacButton,
ButtonContainer.

,
h-
Q_OS_OSX.
43.4. MacButton.h
#pragma once
#import <qmaccocoaviewcontainer_mac.h>
/ / ====================================================
class ButtonContainer : public QMacCocoaviewContainer {
Q_OBJECT
public:
ButtonContainer(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
QSize sizeHintO const;

};
/ / ===============================
class MacButton : public QWidget {
Q OBJECT
638 VI. Qt
public:
MacButton(QWidget* pwgt = 0);
};
( 43.5)
Objective . Cocoa ,
( NSButton) .
Objective alloc,
init. alloc
new C++, init
.
( NSButton).
:
setButtonType NSSwitchButton ;
setTitle ;
setState YES ( C++ YES
true) .
( pcmd)
Cocoa setCocoaView ( ).
release ( pcmd)
, , ButtonContainer
.
relase ( ppool).

Objective ,
,
, . , .
, Objective , ,
,
. Objective ,
, , , C++, .
43.5. ButtonContainer.mm. ButtonContainer
ButtonContainer:: ButtonContainer(QWidget* pwgt/*=0*/)

: QMacCocoaViewContainer(0, pwgt)
{
NSAutoreleasePool* ppool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
NSButton* pcmd = [[NSButton alloc] init];
[pcmd setButtonType:NSSwitchButton];
[pcmd setTitle:@"Mac Check Button"];
[pcmd setState:YES];
setCocoaView(pcmd);
[pcmd release];
[ppool release];
43. Qt API 639
sizeHint ( 43.6) ,
.
43.6. ButtonContainer.mm. sizeHint()
QSize ButtonContainer::sizeHint() const

{
return QSize(150, 40);
)
43.7
MacButton.
43.7. ButtonContainer.mm. MacButton
MacButton::MacButton(QWidget* pwgt) :QWidget(pwgt/*=0*/)

{
ButtonContainer* pcmd = new ButtonContainer(this);
QVBoxLayout* pvbx = new QVBoxLayout;

pvbx->setMargin(0);
pvbx->addwidget(pcmd);
setLayout(pvbx);
}
Mac OS X NSString.
NSString QString :
NSString* ns = @"Convert Me To QString";
QString str = QString::fromNSString(ns);
QString NSString,
toNSString(). :
QString str = "Convert Me To NSString";
NSString* ns = str.toNSString();

, ,
, , -
.
, , ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
QSysinfo

:
640 VI. Qt
windowsversion Windows.
: WV_XP, WV_VISTA, WV_WINDOWS7, WV_WIDOWS8_1, - :
WV_CE_5, WV_CE_6 . .;
Macintoshversion Mac OS X,
iOS. : MV_SNOWLEOPARD, MV_LION, MV_MAVERICKS, MV_IOS_6_O, MV_IOS_7_I
. .
,
Linux. ,
Linux.
, Windows, Mac OS X iOS
( 43.8).
43.8.
QString strOSInfo =
#ifdef Q_OS_OSX
int nVer = QSysInfo: imacVersion();
QString strVer = (nVer == QSysInfo::MV_10_5) ? "10.5 Leopard" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_10_6) ? "10.6 Snow Leopard" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_10_7) ? "10.7 Lion" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_10_8) ? "10.8 Mountain Lion" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_10_9) ? "10.9 Mavericks" :
("(" + QString::number(nVer - 2) + ") Unknown");
strOSInfo = "Mac OS X " + strVer;
#elif defined(Q OS WIN)
int nVer = QSysInfo::windowsVersion();
QString strVer = (nVer == QSysInfo::WV 5 0) 9 "2000"
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_5_1) ? "XP" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_5_2) ? "2003"
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_6_0) 7 "Vista"
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_6_1) 7 7 H
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_6_2) 7 "8" :
(nVer == QSysInfo::WV_6_3) 7 "8.1" :
("(" + QString::number(nVer) + ") Unknown");
strOSInfo = "Win " + strVer;
#elif defined(Q_OS_IOS)
int nVer = QSysInfo::macVersion();
QString strVer = (nVer == QSysInfo::MV_IOS_4_3) ? "4.3"
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_IOS_5_0) ? "5.0"
(nVer == QSysInfo::MV_IOS_5_l) ? "5.1"
("(" + QString::number(nVer) + ") Unknown");
strOSInfo = "iOS " + strVer;
#endif
qDebugO "OS and Version strOSInfo;
43. Qt API 641
QSysinfo ,
. , QSysinfo::
ByteOrder. :
if (QSysinfo::ByteOrder == QSysinfo::BigEndian) {
qDebugO "System is big endian";
}
else {
qDebugO "System is little endian";
)
Qt
. ,
, Qt. pro-
,
, .
44
Qt Designer.

...
-
Qt Designer (Rapid Appli

cation Development, RAD). ,
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get,
, ).
, , ,
, . Qt Designer
C++.
, Qt, Qt Designer
, .
Qt Designer
, QLCDNumber.
Qt Designer
Qt Designer (. 44.1) .
: ,
. ., ,
. .
Qt Designer Widget Box (),
, .
.
:
Object Inspector () .
. , Property Editor
( ) ;
Property Editor ( ) .
, , / . .;
Signal/Slot Editor ( )
;
. 44.1. Qt Designer
Resource Editor ( )
;
Action Editor ( ) ,
.
New Form ( )
(. . 44.1).
, Show this Dialog on Startup (
).
File | New Form... ( | ...)
<Ctrl>+<T>.
New Form ( ) .
Widget (), (. 44.2).
Qt Designer
. Qt Designer (. 44.1).
44.1.

Edit Widgets ( ,
) , , ,

644 VI. Qt
44.1 ()
Edit Signals/Slots (
/)

%
Edit Buddies (
) . ,
,

Edit Tab Order ( ,
-
)

. 44.2.
Property Editor ( ) (. 44.3) window Title (

) Form, , DesignedWidget.
object Name ( ) ,
.
MyForm.

ui- uic C++,
,
.
Property Editor a
, , Property Value A
, object Name MyForm

. QWidget
. window Modality Qt:: Non Modal
enabled true
0 geometry 10. 0, 400, 3001
File | Save Form As... ( | 0 size Policy [Preferred. Prefer
...) 0 minimumSize [0,0]
<Ctrl>+<S>. EB maximumSize [16777215, 1677-
r
0 size Increment [0.01
0 baseSize . Pi
palette
0 font p\a [Microsoft S
cursor ATDW
mouseTracking false
focus Policy Qt:: NoFocus
context Menu Policy Qt :: Default Contex _
accept Drops false
windowTitle DesignedWidget +>
window Icon It*
0 toolTip
. 44.3. .

0 statusTip
-

,
Widget Box () (. . 44.2). ,
.
Buttons () PushButton (),
Input Widgets ( )
Horizontal Slider ( ),
Display Widgets ( )
LCDNumber ( )
. ,
, Object Inspector ().
(. 44.4).
Object Inspector (5 x
Object Gass
MyForm QWidget
mjed Q LCD Number
mjDcmdQurt Q Push Button
mjjcmd Reset Q Push Button
m jDsId QSlider
. 44.4. Object Inspector
, Object
Inspector () . text ()
Property Editor ( ) &Reset, object Name ()
646 VI. Qt
m pcmdReset. , object Name ()

m pcmdQuit, text () &Quit. , object
Name (), : ,
. (. . 44.4).
, . 44.5.
. 44.5.
(layout)
, .
, ,
, . .
. ,
. ,
, Lay out | Lay out Vertically (
| )
<Ctrl>+<2>. Reset () Quit ().
, ,
(Spacer). Widget Box () Spacers (
) Vertical Spacer ( )
. ,
. 44.6.
,
.
Dialog Object Inspector ().
Lay out |
Lay out Horizontally ( | )
<Ctrl>+<l>. , . 44.7.

, .
. 44.6.
. 44.7.

.
<> .
,
Edit | Edit Tab Order ( | )
. ,
648 VI. Qt
. 44.8.
. 44.8. ,
, .

, Edit | Edit Signals/Slots (
| /) <F4>.
,
, ,
, .
, .
,
.
Configure Connection
( ),
. valueChanged(int), display(int)
(. 44.9).
Quit (),
closet). ,
, ,
. , . 44.10.
Configure
Connection ( ) clicked ( ) .
close ( ) , Show all signals and slots (
),
.
,
Form | Preview ( | ).
, ,
.
,
, .
. 44.9.
. 44.10.
, .
File | Save Form As... ( |
...), ,
MyFrom.ui.
650 VI. Qt

,
, ui- C++.
:

, QWidget, ,
Promote to.... (. 44.11)
, .
, , ,
,
. ,
Add Promote.
Promoted Widgets
Prnmntf>ri
New Promoted Class
Base class name: QWidget

Add
Promoted class name MySecondWidget| Reset

Header file: mysecondwidget.h
Global include _
Close Promote

. 44.11.

, .
Qt .
(direct approach) . ,
, ui::MyForm: rsetupui ( )
, 44.1.
44.1.
#include "ui_MyForm.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{
QWidget* form = new QWidget;

Ui::MyForm ui;
ui.setupUi (form);
form->show();
return app.exec();
}

. , , ,
, ,
. ,
, Reset ().
(inheritance approach).
, ,
QWidget ( 44.2).
44.2.
#include "ui_MyForm.h"
class MyForm : public QWidget {

Q_OBJECT
private:
Ui::MyForm m_ui;
public:
MyForm(QWidget* pwgt =0) : QWidget(pwgt)
(
m_ui.setupUi(this);
connect(m_ui.m_cmdReset, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotReset()));

}
public slots:
void slotReset()
{
m_ui.m_sld->setValue(0);
m_ui.m_lcd->display(0);
}
};
ui::MyForm
Ui::MyForm::setupUi . Reset
652 VI. Qt
() ( m_cmReset) slotReset ( ) .
, ,
Qt Designer,
. ,
.
,
(multiple inheritance approach).
, ,
. 44.3.
44.3.
# include "ui_MyForm.h"
class MyForm : public QWidget, public Ui::MyForm {

Q_OBJECT
public:
MyForm (QWidget* pwgt = 0) : QWidget (pwgt)
{
setupUi(this);
connect (m_cmdReset, SIGNAL (clicked ()), SLOT (slotReset ()) );

}
public slots:
void slotReset ( )
{
m_sld->setValue(0);
m_lcd->display(0);
# endi f //_MyForm_h_
44.3, MyForm QWidget,

, Qt Designer.
, .

FORMS. , pro-
:
TEMPLATE = app
HEADERS += MyForm.h
FORMS += MyForm.ui
SOURCES += main.cpp
QT += widgets
Win32: TARGET = ../MyForm
, , (MyForm.ui)
, make- :
qmake
make
ui- h- ui_.
,
, . 44.12.
. 44.12.

,
. , XML-
(ui-) , .
QUiLoader, QtuiTools,
,
. QUiLoader
( 44.4 14.6),
44.1 14.3.
( 44.4) QtuiTools
QT. ,
RESOURCES. , FORMS ,
XML- .
44.4. LoadMyForm.pro
TEMPLATE = app
QT += widgets uitools
654 VI. Qt
HEADERS = LoadMyForm.h
SOURCES = main.cpp
RESOURCES = resource.qrc
Win32:TARGET = ../LoadMyForm
, 44.5,
LoadMyForm.
44.5. main.cpp
tinclude <QApplication>
#include "LoadMyForm.h"

{
LoadMyForm wgt;
wgt.show();
return app.exec();
}
LoadMyForm QWidget ( 44.6).

QSlider QLCDNumber ,
(m_psld m picd).
QuiLoader ( puil) this.
, QFile
":/MyForm.ui". ioad()
.
, , ,
XML- , .
.
pwgtForm, resized.
,
findChild<TMn*>("" ), QObject.
( m psld), (
m_pcd), Reset ( pcmdReset) Quit ( pcmdQuit).
clicked Reset slotReseto,
.
Quit clicked( ) quit( )
qApp. pwgtForm
LoadMyForm phbxLayout.
44.6. LoadMyForm..
#pragma once
#include <QtUiTools>
// =================================================================
class LoadMyForm : public QWidget {
Q_OBJECT
private:
QSlider* m_psld;
QLCDNumber* m_plcd;
public:
LoadMyForm(QWidget* pwgt =0) : QWidget(pwgt )
{
QUiLoader* puil = new QUiLoader(this);
QFile file(":/MyForm.ui");
QWidget* pwgtForm = puil->load(sfile);

if (pwgtForm) {
resize(pwgtForm->size());
m_psld = pwgtForm->findChild<QSlider*>("m_sld");
m_plcd = pwgtForm->findChild<QLCDNumber*>("m_lcd");
QPushButton* pcmdReset =
pwgtForm->findChild<QPushButton*>("m_cmdReset");
connect(pcmdReset, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotReset()));
QPushButton* pcmdQuit =
pwgtForm->findChild<QPushButton*>("m_cindQuit");
connect(pcmdQuit, SIGNAL(clicked!)), qApp, SLOT(quit()));
//Layout setup
phbxLayout->addWidget(pwgtForm);
setLayout(phbxLayout);
public slots:
void slotReset()
{
m_psld->setValue(0);
m_plcd->display(0);
};
. Qt Designer
. ,
.
.
656 VI. Qt
. , ,
.
Qt Designer
.
:
;
;
;
ui-.
45
.
. .
:
, ?
?
-.
?
.
?
.
, , ,
!
,
.
.
. , .
, , ,
. , , ,
.
. . ,
,
. ,
, , ,
.
.
, .
, ,
. ,
. ,
, , .
, ,
. ,
, .
, .
. - , -
658 VI. Qt
. ,
,
. ,
,
, .
. , , ,
, .
, .
Qt QtTest,
, .

.
, , (unit tests).

, . ,
, .
(system test),
GUI, , ,
(drag & drop) . ., Squish,
: www.froglogic.com.

.

,
. .
: ,
.
,
. : (25, 0), (-12, -15), (2007,
2007) (-12, 5). , , .
,
. :

Test_.
, MyClass,
Test_MyClass;
() .
45.1 , min
MyClass. QTest.
QObject ,
, QOBJECT.
, private.
QCOMPARE ( ) : ,
. ,
.
45. 659
main(), .
, Qt
QTEST_MAIN().
,
.
45.1. . testxpp
#include <QtTest>
#include "MyClass.h"
// ==================================================
class Test_MyClass : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
private slots:
void min();
void max();
};
//
void Test_MyClass::min()
{
MyClass myClass;
QCOMPARE(myClass.min(25, 0), 0);
QCOMPARE(myClass.min(-12, -5), -12);
QCOMPARE(myClass.min(2007, 2007), 2007);
QCOMPARE(myClass.min(-12, 5), -12);
}
//
void Test_MyClass::max()
{
MyClass myClass;
QCOMPARE(myClass.max(25, 0), 25);
QCOMPARE(myClass.max(-12, -5), -5);
QCOMPARE(myClass.max(2007, 2007), 2007);
QCOMPARE(myClass.max(-12, 5), 5);
}
QTEST_MAIN(Test_MyClass)
#include "test.moc"
.
MyClass ( 45.2).
45.2. MyClass.cpp
#pragma once
// ============
class MyClass {
660 VI. Qt
public:
int min(int nl, int n2)
{
return nl < n2 ? nl : n2;
}
int max ( int nl, int n2)

{
return nl > n2 ? nl : n2;
}
};
pro- ( 45.3) QT testlib.

,
.
45.3. TestLib.pro
SOURCES = test.cpp
HEADERS = MyClass.h
QT += testlib
TARGET = ../TestLib
,
, . ,
, . min( )
max () MyClass .
. :
********* Start testing of Test_MyClass *********
Config: Using QTest library 5.2, Qt 5.2
PASS : Test_MyClass::initTestCase ()
FAIL! : Test_MyClass::min ( ) Compared values are not the same
Actual (myClass.min(25, 0)): 25
Expected (0): 0
test.cpp(25) : failure location
FAIL! : Test_MyClass::max ( ) Compared values are not the same
Actual (myClass.max(25, 0)): 0
Expected (25): 25
test.cpp(35) : failure location
PASS : Test_MyClass::cleanupTestCase()
Totals: 2 passed, 2 failed, 0 skipped
********* Finished testing of Test_MyClass *********
initTestCase ( ) cleanupTest ( )
. -.
. ,
, : FAIL!, Test_MyClass::min()
Test MyClass::max(), (Actual) (Expected). !
, , -
45. 661
.
MyClass , 45.2. .
:
********* Start testing of Test_MyClass *********
Config: Using QTest library 5.2, Qt 5.2
PASS : Test_MyClass::initTestCase ()
PASS : Test_MyClass::min()
PASS : Test_MyClass::max()
PASS : Test_MyClass::cleanupTestCase()
Totals: 4 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
********* Finished testing of Test_MyClass *********
, .

QCOMPARE ( ).
.
QtTest
. ,
. ,
. , , data.
, 45.4, :
max_data { ), .
min_data ( )
45.4. testxpp. Test_MyClass
class Test_MyClass : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
private slots:
void min_data ( );
void max_data ( ) ;
void min ( );
void max ( );
};
45.5 min_data(),
. QTest::addColumn ( ) .
, QTest::newRow ( ) . ,
, .
, :
min( ).
45.5. testxpp. min_data()
void Test_MyClass::min_data ( )
{
QTest::addColumn<int> ("argl" );
662 VI. Qt
QTest::addColumn<int> ("arg2" );
QTest::addColumn<int> ("result");
QTest::newRow("min_testl") 25 0 0;
QTest::newRow("min_test2") -12 -5 -12;
QTest::newRow("min_test,,) 2007 2007 2007;
QTest::newRow("min_test4n) -12 5 -12;
}
max_data() ( 45.6) mindataO

(. 45.5).
.
45.6. testxpp. max_data()
void Test_MyClass::max_data ( )
{
QTest::addColumn<int> ("argl" );
QTest::addColumn<int> ("arg2" );
QTest::addColumn<int> ("result");
QTest::newRow("max_testln ) 25 0 25;
QTest::newRow("max_test2") -12 -5 -5;
QTest::newRow("max_test3") 2007 2007 2007;
QTest::newRow("max_test4") -12 5 5;
}
, min ( ) ,

45.7,
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result . ,
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45.7. testxpp. min ()
void Test_MyClass::min()
{
MyClass myClass;
QFETCH (int, argl);
QFETCH (int, arg2);
QFETCH ( int, result );
QCOMPARE(myClass.min(argl, arg2), result);

}
max 45.8
min ( ) , , MyClass::max()
MyClass::min( ).
45. 663
45.8. testxpp. max ()
void Test_MyClass: : ()
{
MyClass myClass;
QFETCH (int, argl) ;
QFETCH (int, arg2) ;
QFETCH (int, result);
QCOMPARE (myClass .max (argl, arg2), result);

}
main ( ) QTEST MAIN ( )

, :
QTEST_MAIN (Test_MyClass)
#include "test.moc"

QtTest .
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# include <QtTest>
/ , ========================
class Test_QLineEdit : public QObject {

Q OBJECT
664 VI. Qt
private slots:
void edit();
};
//
void Test_QLineEdit::edit()
{
QLineEdit txt;
QTest::keyClicks(&txt, "ABCDEFGH");
QCOMPARE(txt.text(), QString("ABCDEFGH"));
QVERIFY(txt.isModified());
QTEST_MAIN (Test_QLineEdit )
#include "test.moc"
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46. WebKit 667
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#include <QtWebKitWidgets>
{
QWebView webview;
670 VI. Qt
webview.load(QUrl("http://www.bhv.ru ));
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return app.exec();
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672 VI. Qt
. 46.3. Web-
46.2. main.cpp
#include "WebBrowser.h"

{
WebBrowser WebBrowser;
WebBrowser.show();
return app.exec();
}
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46.3. WebBrowser. h
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#include <QWidget>
class QLineEdit;
class QWebView;
class QPushButton;
/f ==========m=========
class WebBrowser : public QWidget{

Q_OBJECT
private:
QLineEdit* m_ptxt;
QWebView* m_pwv;
QPushButton* m_pcmdBack;
QPushButton* m_pcmdForward;
public:
WebBrowser(QWidget* wgt = 0);
private slots:
void slotGo ( );
void slotFinished(bool);
};
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674 VI. Qt
46.4. WebBrowser.cpp.
WebBrowser::WebBrowser(QWidget* wgt/*=0*/) : QWidget(wgt)

{
m_ptxt = new QLineEdit("http://www.bhv.ru");
m_pwv = new QWebView;
m_pcmdBack = new QPushButton("<");
m_pcmdForward = new QPushButton(">");
m_pcmdBack->setEnabled(false);
m_pcmdForward->setEnabled(false);
QProgressBar* pprb = new QProgressBar;

QPushButton* pcmdGo = new QPushButton("&Go");
QPushButton* pcmdStop = new QPushButton("&Stop");
QPushButton* pcmdRefresh = new QPushButton("Refresh");
connect(pcmdGo, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(slotGo()));

connect(m_ptxt, SIGNAL(returnPressed()), SLOT(slotGo()));
connect(m_pcmdBack, SIGNAL(clicked()), m_pwv, SLOT(back()));
connect(m_pcmdForward, SIGNAL(clicked()), m_pwv, SLOT(forward()));
connect(pcmdRefresh, SIGNAL(clicked()), m_pwv, SLOT(reload()));
connect(pcmdStop, SIGNAL(clicked()), m_pwv, SLOT(stop()));
connect(m_pwv, SIGNAL(loadProgress(int)), pprb, SLOT(setValue(int)));
connect(m_pwv, SIGNAL(loadFinished(bool)), SLOT(slotFinished(bool)));
//Layout setup
phbx->addwidget(m_pcmdBack);
phbx->addwidget(m_pcmdForward);
phbx->addWidget(pcmdStop);
phbx->addWidget(pcmdRefresh);
phbx->addWidget(m_ptxt);
phbx->addWidget(pcmdGo);
QVBoxLayout* playout = new QVBoxLayout;

playout->addLayout(phbx);
playout->addWidget(m_pwv);
playout->addWidget(pprb);
setLayout(playout);
slotGo();
}
slotGo() ( 46.5). ,
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46. WebKit 675
http:// .
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46.5. WebBrowser.cpp. slotGoO
void WebBrowser::slotGo()
{
if (!m_ptxt->text().startsWith("ftp://")
&& !m_ptxt->text().startsWith("http://")
&& !m_ptxt->text().startsWith("gopher://")
) {
m_ptxt->setText("http://" + m_ptxt->text());
}
m_pwv->load(QUrl(m_ptxt->text()));
46.6 slotFinished ( ) ,
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46.6. WebBrowser.cpp. slotFinished ()
void WebBrowser::slotFinished(bool bOk)

{
if (!bOk) {
m_pwv->setHtml("<CENTER>An error has occurred "
"while loading the web page</CENTER>"
);
m_ptxt->setText(m_pwv->url().toStringO );
m_pcmdBack->setEnabled(m_pwv->page()->history()->canGoBack());
m_pcmdForward->setEnabled(m_pwv->page()->history()->canGoForward());
676 VI. Qt
Web-.
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48. Qt 4 Qt 5 707
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708 VI. Qt
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710 VI. Qt
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namespace Qt {
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48.3. MStandard Paths.h

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#ifdef Q_QT5
#include<QStandardPaths>
#else
# i nc1ude <QDes kt opse rvi ce s >
#include<QStringList>
#endif
class MStandardPaths {
public:
enum MStandardLocation {
DesktopLocation = 0,
Document sLocat ion ,
FontsLocation,
Appl icationsLocat ion ,
MusicLocat i on ,
Movie sLocat ion,
PicturesLocation,
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48. Qt 4 Qt 5 711
// Qt5 specific locations

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static QStringList standardLocation(MStandardLocation type)

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49.
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Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(bool readonly WRITE setReadOnly READ isReadOnly)
private:
bool m_bReadOnly;
public:
MyClass(QObject* pobj = 0) : QObject (pobj )
, m_bReadOnly ( false )
{
}
public slots:
49. 717
{
m_bReadOnly = bReadOnly;
emit readOnlyStateChanged();
}
bool isReadOnly() const

t
return m_bReadOnly;
}
signals:
void readOnlyStateChanged();
};
49. 1 , QObject,
(mjoReadOnly).
false. (setReadOnly ( ) )
(isReadOnly ( ) ) m bReadOnly. :
? -
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readonly, .
setReadOnly( ) isReadOnly ,
.

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myObject.setReadOnly(true);
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print("myObject is read only:" + myObject.readonly);
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49.2. C++, Qt
class NonQtClass {
private:
bool m_bReadOnly;
public:
NonQtClass() : m_bReadOnly(false)
{
}

{
mJoReadOnly = bReadOnly;
}

(
return m_bReadOnly;
}
49.2 NonQtClass .
,
, 49.3.
49. 719
49.3.
class MyWrapper : public QObject {

Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(bool readonly WRITE setReadOnly READ isReadOnly)
private:
NonQtClass m_nonQtObject;
public:
MyWrapper(QObject* pobj =0) : QObject(pobj)
(
}
public slots:
{
m_nonQtObject.setReadOnly(bReadOnly);
emit readOnlyStateChanged();
}

{
return m_nonQtObject.isReadOnly();
}
signals:
void readOnlyStateChanged();
);
MyWrapper, 49.3,
NonQtClass setReadOnly () isReadOnly ()
. readonly,
. MyWrapper
, 49.1.

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QT += script
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#include <QtCore>
tinclude <QtScript>
720 VII. Qt Script

{
QScriptEngine scriptEngine;
QScriptValue value = scriptEngine.evaluate("2 * 2");
qDebugO value.toInt32();
return 0;
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49.4 scriptEngine.
evaluate( ) , .
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if (value.isNumber()) {
qDebugO "Number";
}

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qDebugO "Error:" value.toString();
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. 49.2.

( ,
QtScript):
QT += script
QtScript:
# include <QtScript>
49. 721
49.5.
{
QLabel lbl("Hello, World !");
lbl.show();
return app.exec();
}
, 49.4,
.
.
, 49.6.
49.6. ,
#include <QtScript>
{
QLabel lbl;
QScriptEngine scriptEngine;
QScriptValue scriptLbl = scriptEngine.newQObject(&lbl);
scriptEngine.globalObject().setProperty("lbl", scriptLbl);
scriptEngine.evaluate("lbl.text = 'Hello, World !'");
scriptEngine.evaluate("lbl.show()");
return app.exec();
}
49.6 .
QScriptEngine, .
newQObjectO lbl,
QScriptValue.
. ,

QScriptValue::setProperty().
Qt Script,
evaluate (), .
(lbl), text "Hello, world !".
show().
,
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722 VII. Qt Script

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50.1. Qt Script
break case catch const

continue default do else
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724 VII. Qt Script
50.2. Qt Script
boolean byte char throws

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50. 725
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726 VII. Qt Script
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var fExp = 23.4524-12; //
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var str2 = 'Hello'; //
var str2 = 80's"; //
,
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typeof ( ) . , n, f, b, str
unknown, - , :
var = 7;
var f = 5.2018;
50. 727
var b = true
var str = "Hello";
var unknown;
print(typeof(n));
print(typeof(f));
print(typeof(b));
print(typeof(str));
print(typeof(unknown));
:
number
number
boolean
string
undefined

,
Qt Script, Qt-:
Qt\5.3\Src\qtscript\examples\script\qscript.
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var = 7, f = 5.2018, b = true;
var resl = n + " is a number";
var res2 = f + " is a float number";
var res3 = b + " is a boolean value";
print(resl);
print(res2);
print(res3);

:
7 is a number
5.2018 is a float number
true is a boolean value
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const.
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const num = 2;
const strName = " ";
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();
;
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var vl = 5; //0101
var v2 = 15; //1111
var v3 = 0; //0000
print (vl & v2 ) ; //=>5 (0101)
print (vl &v3); //=>0 (0000)

print (vl v2 ); //=>10 (1010)
print (vl 1 ); //=>10 (1010)
print (vl > 1); //=>2 (0010)

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: true () false
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50.5.
a == b . true,
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a != b . true,
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false
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false
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false
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false
50. 731
:
true==l // => true (true 1)
true===l // => false (true 1)
5 === "5" // => false ( "5" )
5 == "5" // => true ("5" )
5 > 4 // => true (5 4)
null == undefined // => true (null undefined)
null === undefined // => false (null undefined)

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1-
var i = 8; I++1
var n = 11 + ++i * 9 % 5; ) -i
typeof obj
, . 50.1, n*n
Q) n/n
. , n%n
(++). ,

<> n+n
9. I n-n
S ni
: CD ni
n>i

var =11+9*9%5; n<n
n<=n
(*) (%) , n>n
n>=n

. , obj instanceofT
9*9. I
str in obj
: I n==n

S n!=n
var = 11 + 81 % 5; n===n

81 5 (%). n&n

: nAn
var = 11 + 1;
, 12.
. 50.1.

732 VII. Qt Script

. ,

, .
.
:
|| ;
&& ;

! .
if... else
.

. :
if ( )
[else ]
, else ,
- , false.
else
if. :
var = 3;
var b = 4;
if ( > )
print(" ");
else
print(" ");
, {}.
if else
if. :
if ( > b) {
//
}
else if( == b) {
//
}
else {
//
}
50. 733
switch
if...else switch.
.
switch :
switch () {
case 1:

[break]
case 2:

[break]
[default: ]
}
C/C++, .
.
, case.
.
case , , default, .
break, switch
. break ,
. ., break, case
default. value ,
num.
switch (num) {
case 1:
case "one":
value = "In
break;
case initialValue:
value = "0";
break;
default:
value = "unknown";
}

() ? :
if ,
. , ,
.
, if:
var = 3;
var b = 4;
var str = (a > b) ? " b" : " b";
print(str);
734 VII. Qt Script
.
, , , -
. , 0 100:
n = > 100 ? 100 : < 0 ? 0 : ;
.
break continue
- ,
. break,
.
continue ,
,
.
for
C/C++, Java Qt Script.
, .
for : ,
. :
for (; ; ) {
. ,
true, ,
.
:
var sum = 0;
for (var i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) {
sum = sum + i;
i 1 .
i 10. 10,
. i
sum.
while
while for, ,
. .
, for while.
.
50. 735
while :
while ( ) {
for while:
var sum = 0;
var i =1;
while (i <= 10) {
sum = sum + i;
++i;
}
do...while
do...while while. while
, .
:
do {
} while ( );
:
var sum = 0;
var i =1;
do {
sum = sum + i;
++i;
} while (i <= 10);
with
with
. , :
print(Math.PI);
print(Math.abs(-2));
print(Math.max(4, 10, 1, 6));
with:
with (Math) {
print(PI);
print(abs(-2));
print(max(4, 10, 7, 6));
}

, -
. ,
736 VII. Qt Script
, , ,
. .
, ,
, .
try...catch
,
, ,
catch. try...catch
:
try {

}
catch () {

}
final {

}
, try ,
.
catch . final ,
, .
. ,
File.
.
var file = new FileCfile.dat");
try {
file.open(File.Readonly);
}
catch(e) (
print("Code error:" + e);
}
finally {
file.close();
}
throw
throw
try...catch. ,
.
:
throw error;
50. 737
.

.
function.
. , :
function ([!][..., ])
[]
}
,
:
function multiply(varl, var2)
{
return varl * var2;
}
. ,
, .
:
var f = multiply(2.3, 13.7);
function ,
:
var myMultiplyFunction =
function multiply(varl, var2){ return varl * var2;};
var f = myMultiplyFunction(2.3, 13.7);
, Function
.
.
,
. :
var myMultiplyFunction =
new Function("varl", "var2", "return varl * var2;");
var f = myMultiplyFunction(2.3, 13.7);
, ,
arguments.
.
, ,
:
function multiply()
{
var result = 1;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
738 VII. Qt Script
result *= arguments [i] ;

}
return result;
}
:
var f = multiply (34 . 5, 14.2, 8.7, 3.4, 7.1);
.
:
function factorial (n)
{
if ( (n == 0) II (n == 1) ) (
return 1;
else {
result = (n * factorial (n 1) ) ;
}
return result;
}
print ( "FactoriallO=" + factorial (10) ) ;
, var,
. ,
var, ,
. , ,
.
:
function food
{
m = 2;
}
foo ( ) ;
print (m) ; //=>2
m var,
,
.

Qt Script ,
. :
eval ( ) , Qt Script.
. , , ,

JavaScript . : eval ("for (var i = 0; i < 10;
++i) {print (i) ;}") ;
50. 739
isNaN ( ) true,
;
parseFloat ( ) .
;
parseint ( ) .
NaN.

Qt Script - . Qt Script
. ,
.
new. , ,
, .
Point () 50.1 ,
: , .
: _ _, . ,
this ,
(setxf) setY ( ) ) ( ( ) ()) . this
.
50.1.
function Point(, )
{
this.m_x = ;
this.m_y = ;
this.setx = function()
this.m_x = ;
}
this.setY = function()
{
this.m_y = ;
}
this.x = function!)
{
return this.m_x;
}
this. = function!)
(
return this.m_y;
740 VII. Qt Script
Point ( ) :
var pt = new Point (20, 30);
print ("X=" + pt.x() + ";Y=" + pt.yO);
: x=20;Y=30
, C++, JavaScript
| | . 50.1:
function Point (, )
{
this.m_x = || 0;
this.m_y = | | 0;
)
, :
var pt = new Point;,
0.
var pt = new Point (3);,
x 3, 0.
, , , :
this.m_str = str I I
, , private
C++, .
var ( 50.2).
50.2.
function Point (, ) {
this.m_x = ;
this.m_y = ;
var privateVariable = 8;
var privateMethod = function ( ) {
printout ( "private variable value:" + privateVariable);
this.setx = function (x)

{
privateMethod ( ) ;
this.m_x = x;
l
50.2 : privateVariable privateMethod))

. , pt
, :
Result of expression 'pt .privateMethod' [undefined] is not a function.
50. 741
. 50.2,
, setx ( )
.

. 50.1
( 50.3).
50.3.
var myPoint = {
m_x: 123,
m_y: 321,
x: function() {
return myPoint.m_x;
},
y: function() {
return myPoint.m_y;
}
}
print("X=" + myPoint.x() + Y=" + myPoint.());
: X=123,-Y=321

,
, . C++
static,
. JavaScript,
(. 50.3) .
50.4.
50.4.
Error = {
nrl: 'Can not read',
nr2: 'Can not write',
message: function() {
print('An error is occurred');
}
Error.message();
print(Error.nrl);
:
An error is occurred
Can not read
742 VII. Qt Script
,
call ( )
. ThreeDPoint.
, Point z ( 50.5).
50.5. Point
function ThreeDPoint(, , z)
Point.call(this, x, y);
this.m_z = z;
this.setz = function(z)
(
this.m_z = z;
}
this.z = function()
{
return this.m_z;
}
}
: , , z. this
call( ) Point. m_z
,
: setzo z().
:
var pt = new ThreeDPoint(20, 30, 40);
print("X=" + pt.x() + ";Y=" + pt.yO + ";Z=" + pt.zO);
: x=20;Y=30;z=40.
,
.
pt test ( ) ( ) ,
Point.
pt.test = function()
{
return "Test";
}
pt.x = function()
{
return -1;
)
print("X=" + pt.x() + "; " + pt.testO);
: x=-l; Test
50. 743
JavaScript (
50.6).
50.6. Point
function Point(, )
{
this.m_x = ;
this.m_y = ;
)
function ThreeDPoint(, , z)
{
this.base = Point;
this.base(x, y);
this.mz = z;
}
ThreeDPoint.prototype = new Point;
var pt = new ThreeDPoint(1, 2, 3);
print( "X=" + pt.m_x + ";Y=" + pt.m_y + ;Z=" + pt.m_z);
50.6 Point
z. : x=l;Y=2,-z=3.
,
m_z pt ,
:
delete pt.m_z;
, ,
hasOwnProperty(), :
pt.hasOwnProperty('m_z'); //=>true
instaceof
:
pt instanceof ThreeDPoint; //=> true
pt instanceof Point; //=> true
pt instanceof Date; //=> false
, , ,
typeof, :
typeof pt; //=> "object"
typeof "text"; //=> "string"

, Date (
50.7).
50.7.
Date.prototype.printFullYear = function!) {
print(this.getFullYear());
)
744 VII. Qt Script
var dt = new Date ( ) ;

dt .print Full Year ( ) ;
50.7 prototype
printFullYear . .
2014 .

,
. , - ,
( 50.8).
50.8.
function Point (, )
{
this.m_x = ;
this.m_y = ;
this.x = function ()
{
return this.m ;
var pt = new Point ( 1, 2 ) ;

printout ( "X=" + pt.x());
function myX()
{
return 1234;
pt .x = myX;
printout ( ,,X= + pt.x());
50.8 Point ()
. ( )
(). ()
1234.

JavaScript,
.

JavaScript ,
(JSON, JavaScript Object Notation). , JSON
XML,
50. 745
. ,
JavaScript, , ( 50.9).
50.9.
var json = ({
"name": "Piggy",
"phone": "+49 631322187",
"email": "piggy@mega.de",
"Details": {
"age": 47,
"lover": "Kermit",
"male": false,
"hobbies": ["Singing", "Dancing"],
"car": null
});
var jsonObj = eval(json);
var jsonDetailsObj = jsonObj.Details;
printout(jsonObj.name + " loves " + jsonDetailsObj.lover);
50.9
( . 40 41). json ,
eval().
{ ) . eval () ,
Details.
. : , .
( "name"), ( ""),
( "male"), ( "hobbies"), null ( "").

. 50.9
name lover. :
Piggy loves Kermit
. ,
50.9 (
):
jsonObj.getAge = function))
(
return jsonObj.Details.age;
}
printout(jsonObj.getAge());
47.
Qt Script C++ Java.

, :
.
51
Qt Script
,
.

Qt Script , C++
Java, , .
, -262, Qt Script
, , object,
Function, Array, String, Boolean, Number, Math, Date, RegExp,
EvalError, RangeError, ReferenceError, SyntaxError, TypeError URIError.
.
Global
, 50,
, Global.
.
, : object,
Number, String, Date ., eval(), isFiniteO, isNaN ( ) , parseFloat ( ) ,
parse into . ,
Qt-.
Number
Number .
: MAX VALUE MIN VALUE.
, isNaN () true.
,
, infinity,
isFinite ( ) ,
false.
Boolean
Qt Script , .
true false.
51. Qt Script 747
. , null, false,
NaN, undefined false,
true.
String
. string
.

lower( ) upper( ) , :
var str = new String("Test StRiNg");
print("LowerCase=" + str.lower()); //=> LowerCase= test string
print("UpperCase=" + str.upper()); //=> UpperCase= TEST STRING
replace( ) , :
var str = new String("QtScript");
var str2 = str.replace("Script", "5"); //str2="Qt5"

charAt().
:
var c = str.charAt(2); //c='S'

substring(),
. :
var str2 = str.substring(2, str.length); //str2="Script"
RegExp

.
4, , Qt Script. ,
:
.
748 VII. Qt Script
, #,
"/". :
var myRegexp = /([A-Za-z]+)=(\d+)/;
,
new. :
var myRegexp = new RegExp("([A-Za-z]+)=(\d+)");

,
exactMatch( ) :
myRegexp.exactMatch("myVar=l //Example"); //=> false
myRegexp.exactMatch("myVar=l"); //=> true

search ( ) searchRev ( ) ( , ):
myRegexp.search("var myVar=l //Example"); //=> 4
Array
Array , .
, , , C++ Java,
, Qt Script . ,
.
:
var arr = ["Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria"];
new:
var arr = new Array("Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria");
, . 51.1.
51.1.
Concat()
join()
()
push()
reverse()
shift()
slice()
51. Qt Script 749
51.1 ()

sort ( )
splice ( )
toSource ( ) ,
toString (
unshift ( )
unwatch ( )
watch ( )

:
arr[3] = "Therion";
//arr=["Evanescence", "Nightwish", "Epica", "Therion"];
: push(),
, unshift (), , splice (),
.
,
, ,
, :
var arr = new Array("Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria");
arr.splice(1, 0, "Therion", "Nightwish");
//arr=["Evanescence", "Therion", "Nightwish", "Epica", "Xandria"];

.
, :
var arr = new Array(2);
arr["first"] = "John";
arr["second"] = "Paul";
var firstBeatle = arr["first"];// firstBeatle=John
arr.second += " McCartney";
var secondBeatle = arr.second; // secondBeatle=Paul McCartney

reverse (),
:
var arr2 = arr.reverse(); //arr2=["Xandria", "Epica", "Evanescence"]
750 VII. Qt Script
:
var arr2 = ["Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria" ]. reverse () ;

join() ,
:
var str = arr .join ("**") ; //str="Xandria**Epica**Evanescence"

concat ( ) :
var str = ["Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria"];
var str2 = str .concat ( ["Therion", "Nightwish" ] ) ;
//=> str2=[ "Evanescence", "Epica", "Xandria", "Therion", "Nightwish"]

sort ( ) , :
var str = ["Xandria", "Evanescence", "Epica"];
var str2 = str.sortO; //=> str2=[ "Epica", "Evanescence", "Xandria"]

JavaScript
. .
, 3x3 :
var arr = [ [1, 1, 1] ,
[2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3] ] ;
:
var n = arr [0] [1] ;
3x3x3
:
[[[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1]],
[[2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2]],
[[3, 3, 3],
[3, 3, 3],
[3, 3, 3]],
];
var n = arr[0][1][2];
51. Qt Script 751
Date
Date ( )
.
, , , , , .
,
, .
!
, ,
, 1 1970 .
1970 .
:
var moment = new Date(2014, 2, 6, 23, 55, 30);
var now = new Date();
getDateO.
: getYearO, getMonthO, getDayO, getHoursO, getMinutes(),
getseconds ( ) getMilliseconds ( ) , (
0), ( 0, 1 . .), , ,
.
, set.
.
getDay ( ):
var indexToDay = ["Monday",
"Tuesday",
"Wednesday",
"Thursday",
"Friday",
"Saturday",
"Sunday"
];
var now = new Date();
print(indexToDay[now.getDay() 1] );

:
getDate ( ) ( 1 3 1);
getMonth ( ) ( 0 11);
getFuiiYear ( ) .
1900 + getYear ( ) ;
getHors ( ) ;
752 VII. Qt Script
getMinutes ( ) ;
getseconds() .
var month = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "Mai", "Jun",
"July", "August", "September", "October", "November",
"December"
];
var now = new Date;
var strDateTime = now.getDate() + ". "
+ month[now.getMonth()] + " "
+ now.getFullYear()+ " "
+ now.getHours()+ ":"
+ now.getMinutes()+ ":"
+ now.getSeconds();
printout(strDate);
:
22.January.2014 16:49:26
Math
Math ,
. .
(. 5 1.2).
51.2. Math
E E. (2,718281828459045)
LN2 2 (0,6931471805599453)
LN10 10 (2,302585092994046)
LOG2E 2 (1,4426950408889633)
LOG10E 10 (0,4342944819032518)
PI (3,141592653589793)
SQRT1 2 1/2 (0,7071067811865476)
SQRT2 2 (1,4142135623730951)
, Math.

abs ( ) .
. :
var xl = Math.abs(-123.5); //xl=123.5
var x2 = Math.abs(123); //x2=123
51. Qt Script 753
Math : ceil(), floor () round(). ceil()

, .
, . :
var xl = Math.ceil(5.2); //xl=6
var 2 = Math.ceil(-5.5); //2=-5
var = Math.ceil(6); /7x3=6
floor ( ) ,
.
var xl = Math.floor(-5.4); //xl=-6
var 2 = Math.floor(5.9); //2=5
var = Math.floor(6); //=6
round () :
var xl = Math.round(5.4); //xl=5
var x2 = Math.round(5.5); //x2=6
var x3 = Math.round(6); //x3=6

max ( ) ,
. ,
. :
var xl = Math.max(5.4, 5.5); //xl=5.5
var x2 = Math.max(10, 2, 5, 3); //x2=10
min(),
. .
var xl = Math.min(5.4, 5.5); //xl=5.4
var x2 = Math.min(10, 2, 5, 3); //x2=2

pow ( ) : ( ,
), . :
var = Math.pow(2, 3); //=8

sqrt ( ) 72.
, pow ( ) ,
sqrt ( ) .
var = Math.sqrt(2); //=1.414213562373095
, NaN.
754 VII. Qt Script

random ,
0 1.
, :
function randomize(range)
{
return (Math.random() * range)
print(randomize(1000));

.
( cos ), ( sin())
( tan() ). . ,
, .
180. ,
270 (-90 )
:
var rad = -90 * Math.PI / 180;
print(Math.sin(rad)); //=> -1
, , ,
. Math , ,
:
function ctg(angle)
{
return Math.cos(angle) / Math.sin(angle);
)
Math :
(acosO), (asinf)) (atano). ,
-1 :
print(Math.asin(-1) / Math.PI * 180); //=> -90

log ( ) :
var = Math.log(Math.E); // x=l
Qt Script , ,
:
function loglO(arg)
{
return Math.log(arg) / Math.LNIO;
)
var x = logl0(10); // x=l
51. Qt Script 755
Function
50.
.
.
, ,
:
var myJoin =
new Function("a", "b", "c", "sep", "return a + sep + b + sep + c");
print(myJoin("Therion", "Epica", "Nightwish", "**"));
//=> Therion**Epica**Nightwish
,
Function ,
,
.
, Qt Script.

, , .
52
Qt Script

:
?
!
, ,
C++. Qtscript
Qt- (
49):
QScriptvalue Qt Script;
QScriptContext Qt Script;
QScriptEngine ,
Qt Script.
QScriptValue
, -262: Undefined, Null,
Qt Script :
Boolean, Number, String object.
Variant QObject.
QScriptvalue .
1ST() : isBooleanO,
isstringo, isArrayO . . toT ( )
: toString ( ) , toBoolean ( ) , toNumber ( ) . .
QScriptContext
, .
C++ ,
. , :
fct(3, "Text")
QScriptContext,
3, "Text".
argument ( ) , .
argumentCount ( ) .
52. Qt Script 757
QScriptEngine
QScriptEngine Qtscript. Qt-,
, .
, . -
QScriptEngine::evaluate(),
QScriptvaiue. :
QScriptValue value = engine.evaluate("5 * 5");
int number = value.toInt32(); //number=25
isError ()
QScriptValue. :
QScriptValue value = engine.evaluate("script error test");
if (value.isError()) {
//
qDebugO value.toString();
}
QScriptEngine newT ( ) :
newDate(), newRegExp . .
Qt ,
newQObject . QObject
. , ,
.
.
.
giobaiobjecto.

. :
QScriptValue mylnt = QScriptValue(SscriptEngine, 2007);
engine.globalObject ().setProperty("mylnt", mylnt);
, ,
, , .
,
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE. ,
QVector<float>, QColor QstringList, - :
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QVector<float>)
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QColor)
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QStringList)
, C++,
:
QScriptValue myFunction(QScriptContext*, QScriptEngine*)
,

( 52.1).
758 VII. Qt Script
52.1.
QScriptValue getWidgetByName(QScriptContext* pcontext,

QScriptEngine* pengine
)
{
QString strName = pcontext->argument(0).toString();
QObject* pobj = 0;
foreach (QWidget* pwgt, QApplication::topLevelWidgets()) {
if (strName == pwgt->objectName()) {
pobj = pwgt;
break;
}
else if (pobj = pwgt->findChild<QObject*>(strName)) {
break;
return pengine->newQObject(pobj);
}
getWidgetByName ( ) , 52.1,
. QScriptContext : : argument ( )

.
QScriptvalue::toString ( )
strName. foreach .
, ,
findChiid<T> ( ) .
,
:
QScriptValue fct = engine.scriptValue(getWidgetByName);
engine.globalObject ().setProperty("getWidgetByName", fct);
getWidgetByName)) .
, mywidgetl
:
var wgt = getWidgetByName('mywidgetl');
52.1 ,
QObject, newObjecto
QScriptValue . ,

, ? newvariant ( ) . 52.2
.
52.2.
QScriptValue toUpper(QScriptContext* pcontext,

)
52. Qt Script 759
{
QString str = pcontext->argument (0) .toString () ;
return pengine->newVariant (str .toUpper ( ) ) ;
}
, newArrayf). 52.3
,
.
52.3.
QScriptValue getFileNames(QScriptContext* pcontext,

)
{
QString strDir = pcontext->argument(0).toString();
QString strExt = pcontext->argument(1).toString();
QDir dir(strDir);
QStringList 1st = dir.entryList(strExt.split(" "), QDir::Files);
QScriptValue sv = pengine->newArray(1st.size());
for (int i = 0; i < 1st.size(); ++i) {
sv.setProperty(i, QScriptValue(pengine, 1st.at(i)));
}
return sv;
)
, ,
QScriptValue, 52.4.
52.4.
QScriptValue myMessage(QScriptContext* pcontext,

)
{
qDebugO "MyMessage";
return pengine->nullValue();
)

, ,
. ,
.
760 VII.

QT 5 3 Professionalnoe Programmirovanie Na CPP PDF

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C++

Windows, Mac OS X Linux

ISBN 978-5-9775-3346-1 2015

23. OpenGL 350

34. , SDI- MDT- 480

35. (Desktop) 502

40. XML 587

43. Qt API 630

44. Qt Designer. 642

46. WebKit 666

47. Qt Creator 677

VII. QT SCRIPT 713

51. Qt Script 746

52. Qt Script 756

VIII. QT QUICK 775

60. Qt Quick C++ 864

34. , SDI- MDI-

60. Qt Quick C++

. .1. KDE Software Compilation 4 ( www.wikipedia.org)

. .2. 30- Autodesk Maya ( www.wikipedia.org)

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1 i#2 Elemente gefi dun* LSJitarte 5.737595 5.781,785 5,819801

. B.4. Adobe Photoshop Album

. .5. Google Earth

VLC media player (www.videolan.org/vlc/),

. .6. VirtualBox ( www.virtualbox.org)

. B.7. VLC media player

. B.9. Amazon Kindle

. .11. TraderStaroT Neonway

Happy Birthday (max.schlee@neonwaY.com)

. .12. HappyBirthday Neonway

. .13. ChordsMaestro iPad Neonway

. .14. FLEXXITY DigitalFilmTechnology Weiterstadt

. .15. ChatCube Goober Networks, Inc.

1.1. Hello, World. hello.cpp

QtOpenGL opengl OpenGL

class MyClass : public QObject, public AnotherClass {

class MyClass : public QObject {

bool isReadOnly () const

MyClass, 2.2, QObject.

class CPhotoStylerApp : public CWinApp {

afx_msg void OnAppAbout();

class MySignal : public QObject {

class MySlot : public QObject {

QObject::connect (pSender, SIGNAL(signalMethod ( ) ),

int main (int argc, char** argv)

QLabel lbl ("0") ;

QObject: : connect (& cmd, SIGNAL (clicked () ) ,

QObject: : connect (& counter, SIGNAL (counterChanged (int) ) ,

QObject: : connect (& counter, SIGNAL (goodbye ( ) ) ,

2.10 slotlnc () : counterChanged ( )

QSignalMapper* psigMapper = new QSignalMapper(this);

QPushButton* pcmdl = new QPushButton("Buttonl");

QPushButton* pcmd2 = new QPushButton("Button2");

2.11 QSignalMapper mapped ()

GDB (GNU Debugger)

3.1 main() bug(),

#6 0x00401305 in operator delete(void*) ()

void messageToFile (QtMsgType type,

QTextStream out (sfile) ;

Calculator::Calculator (QWidget* pwgt/= 0/) : QWidget (pwgt)