4 2007
4 2007
4/2007
:
2003 .
4 .
:
Pennwell Corp.
98 Spit Brook Road, Nashua
New Hampshire 03062-5737 USA
.: +1 603 891-0123
:
Pennwell Corp.
E-mail: info@lightwave-russia.com
4 2007
DWDM/CWDM
. 30
30
. 38
:
,
:
, 119311 , / 107
28
. 2.
:
.:
(495) 505-5753 ( 16.01.2008)
(495) 971-1085 ( 16.01.2008)
mk@lightwave-russia.com
,
.
77-14327 10.01.2003
ISSN 1727-7248
, 2007
-
, , . 5, . 6
./: 995-15-99, 995-45-99
18 WDM
( ):
.: 8 (962) 912-2376
selena@lightwave-russia.com
7.12.2007.
6090/8.
Helios. .
. . . 7,0.
4000 . ---
3
1 3
:
.: (495) 939-3194
:
,
,
,
41
. 41
-
53
:
,
36222;
--2003
.: (495) 500-00-60,
www.interpochta.ru
:
.: (495) 505-57-53
54 -
55
www.lightwave-russia.com
Lightwave Russian Edition
.
, , ,
,
.
2007 . , 2006 .
,
.
, .
.
. , Nokia Siemens Networks,
: ;
, , ;
; (
. ECOC2007 . 3).
, FTTH
2007 : .
( )
. FTTH . ,
(.. ) .
, .
, . , , ,
, , . ,
Lightwave, (. 13).
, , , .
40 / 100 /.
.
,
. 2007 .
:
. ,
,
,
(. . 6).
, , , , .
?
.. (. 15).
, , , .
. ,
, ,
.
2008
1 2008
2 2008
3 2008
4 2008
2008 .
2008 .
2008 .
2008 .
-2008
CSTB-2008, CABEX-2008,
Norvecom-2008
www.lightwave-russia.com
1620 2007 .
33 COC2007
ECOC2007
:
.
(FTTx) ;
. 1. ,
,
Lightwave,
;
FTTH Lightwave
Russian Edition 2008
;
,
2007 . Lightwave ,
ECOC [1].
,
.
, . ,
, 6000 . ECOC
. Lightwave
Market Focus (. 1).
,
.
, .
, , ,
DSL FTTN/FTTCorb , ,
. FTTP/FTTH-,
.
, ,
(, , ).
, -2007
:
, .
(). [6], . ,
(. 2).
.
(. 3).
www.lightwave-russia.com
(DT) ,
.
- (IPTV).
. 3.
,
:
. 2.
2007
.
,
, IPTV.
.
[7]
2007 . 17
Facebook, YouTube, MySpace .. . .
, DT (Olaf Ziemann), 2010 ., FTTC
: .
,
ADSL2+ (,
) .
100 /,
FTTH (. 6).
.
, ,
,
.
.
-
.
.
Lightwave Russian Edition.
DT :
. 4. ,
1)
2010 .
,
, ;
. , 2)
,
, ,
[710]. .
,
;
(A. Odlyzko)
3)
. ,
, , Ethternet.
;
, . ,
4)
. , , ,
,
( ).
.
.
,
, ,
-
;
. ,
5) , (Stephen Scholz), (IT) . , , Nokia Siemens Networks. IT,
.
, (Thomas Bertram), ,
- : Yahoo Messenger, ICQ, MSN,
IT.
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
40 100
, ROADM / .
, , . , , , ,
,
.
. .
(DWDM) .
,
,
DWDM- .
.
, ,
. 6.
.
[10]
,
.
IT .
- 1. Hardy S. The ECOC blog // Lightwave.
.
October, 2007.
, 2015 .
,
2. // Lightwave Russian
.
Edition. 2006. 4. . 4.
( . 3. OF // Lightwave Russian Edition.
, ,
2006. 2. . 4.
..). 4. Henaes J. FTTx and Access technologies in
,
. Europe // Marcet Focus at 2007. Session 2.
.
FTTx in Europe. September 18. Berlin, 2007.
5. Brunzel J. Increasing bandwidth
100 /.
demand gets fiber closer to the cus
tomer // Marcet Focus at 2007.
Session 2. FTTx in Europe.
(PON).
September 18. Berlin, 2007.
Wi-Fi, Wi-Max.
6. .., ..,
..
:
10 + 50 /
//
50 + 200 /.
Lightwave Russian Edition. 2007.
4. . 41.
7. Ziemann O., White W.R. 100
.
Mbit/s Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s and
beyond, the use of POF in home net
working and interconnection // Proc.
. ECOC 2007. September 1620. Vol.
2. P. 117. Berlin, 2007.
. 7.
Ethernet 8. Odlyzko A. Internet economics,
2010 [10]
, Internet evolution, and misleading net
IP, working myths // Proc. ECOC 2007.
.
. , September 1620. Vol. 6. P. 7. Berlin, 2007.
.
9. Bertram T. The important part of TCom/s
DWDM, 40 /, network // Proc. ECOC07. September 1620.
. ,
Vol. 6. P. 13. Berlin, 2007.
. 10. Scholz S. Challenges of future broadband
40 /, 2010 . 100 /.
, network // Proc. ECOC 2007. September
ROADM.
SDH-.
1620. Vol. 6. P. 23. Berlin, 2007.
11. Wei L. Development and prospect of optical
. Ethernet FTTC
network in China // Proc. ECOC07. September
, ,
FTTH. PON 1620. Vol. 6. P. 33. Berlin, 2007.
www.lightwave-russia.com
10 12 2007 . () .
( ) - (). , ;
,
.
,
.
- .
..
, .
- . , ,
.
. .. ( , ), - ..
( , ) .. , Mintera ().
.. ,
www.lightwave-russia.com
, . - ,
.
1960 . , ,
.
.
() -
. 1.
,
25 /.
. 600 . , 15
.
. , 2008 . 14
, 2010 .
30
. ..
,
.
.
,
-
.
.
. ,
CO2-
, . . , , , . , .
, , ,
.
..
. , -
. , ,
..
-
. ( ), , . , 20% ,
1015
.
, -
,
,
115% .
,
.
,
50100 /. .
-
.
. ,
, . 2.
:
.
XXI . .
, .
-.
..
, -.
.
, ..
,
. .
.
, 80
1 , .
, 1550 . 1 /.
,
50 / , .
,
, ,
,
.
10 /.
, .
1450 1700 , 1,7 /, ,
. ,
,
. ,
, , .
, , ,
, ,
,
.
(
, 120 ).
.
. .. ,
, , -
, ,
. ,
.
,
, ,
, -
www.lightwave-russia.com
, - , , , . . ,
2,5 / 941 . 4000 .
10 /
59 ,
40 / 3,5 .
2,5 10 / . ,
. 3.
, ,
. .
,
, , . 40
/, , . 40
/ 16 ,
10 /.
. , .. , ,
. ,
,
.
,
. -
. 4.
, . ,
, , . , .
, , /
( ), . ,
,
. : 40 /,
10 /? .. ,
(, ), , 10-
(NRZ)
, (CS)-RZ, (RZ)-DPSK ( ) (RZ)DQPSK. /, , ,
, , .
, DPSK,
3 ,
.
.
DQPSK ( DPSK). -
,
. ()
20 /. ,
,
,
, DPSK, .
DPSK .
DPSK,
, 1 .
.. ,
.
.
,
.. ,
,
.
-
.
-
20
.
- .
.. ,
; , ,
,
, , , .
.
, , . ,
,
.
www.lightwave-russia.com
FTTH2007
,
Lightwave
FTTH-2007,
( )
: ,
,
.
, , -, -
, .
2007 . 1,34
,
FTTH-
7,9 .
.
,
,
, FTTH.
, , ,
. , .
, . Exaflood,
. , ,
: 1 = 1 =
1012 = 1018 .
, , , .
. , , -
10
www.lightwave-russia.com
, , .
, YouTube*,
, 7% , .. 50 ,
600 . , 2000 . ,
,
.
. ,
, , ,
100 . YouTube .
, , ,
,
.
-. 20
, 200 , .
, .
, FTTH
, , - .
FTTH
, -
.
GPON
FTTH , . ,
Tellabs,
PON: ,
( GPON),
, , , . ,
75 /, 2,4 /
32 :
.
(TDM)
GPON 2,4 /
,
10 / ( FSAN*).
32 ONT*. , ONT 1/32 .
(WDM),
,
ONT. PON,
Lambda-PON WDMPON,
ONT, ,
, ,
.
32
ONT , ONT .
WDM-PON
- ,
, Tellabs
PON
.
Alcatel-Lucent.
.
. WDM ONT . 20- 5- .
, , ONT.
132.
, 14
, PON.
, , .
:
. . , 2015 .
1021 .
Lightwave, 2007
YouTube - Google, .
FSAN (full services access network) , .
(PON).
ONT (optical network terminal)
().
TELCORDIA
(OSMAN GEBIZLIOGLU),
Telcordia Technologies
. - / , ,
,
, ( ),
, .
,
,
GR-20
GR-409
.
12
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
GR-20
1998 .
,
,
.
; ; ,
, ;
,
.
GR-409
1994 . ,
, -
,
50 62,5
,
1 / Ethernet (GbE); 50 , 10 / Ethernet; ;
.
1996 .,
Telcordia 2006 .
.
,
,
.
GR 2008 .
Lightwave, 2007
(STEPHEN HARDY),
Lightwave
,
, , ,
,
,
. , ,
. ,
.
,
40 / .
. , .
,
, , , , ,
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
,
.
, .
, .
, .
? , ,
. 1.
,
.
,
.
, ?
.
, ,
.
Avanex, ,
, , , , ,
. . , ,
.
. .
, 20002004 .
, . , . , 40 / , , .
, 100 /. ,
www.lightwave-russia.com
13
Avanex, , , ,
- , , , .
,
, ()
.
,
, , .
, . . , , ,
,
/ .
.
, , .
/. , / .
.
,
, .
,
. . ,
.
/
. ,
,
14
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
, -
.
. ,
,
, .
,
,
, . . ,
,
,
.
,
-
.
,
.
,
. ,
-
,
.
,
,
.
. ,
. , . . ,
,
.
Lightwave, 2007
,
1. . FTTH
.
.. ,
,
- 10 .
:
- .
;
,
- .
,
;
,
-;
.
.
;
-
.
- . .
.
,
. , , . , ,
,
. ()
.
,
, ,
.. , .
, , -
, , , ,
, , ,
, .
.
, ,
,
- .
-
,
, 40
. - ,
1990- . (- ) (),
.
,
, .
-
www.lightwave-russia.com
15
.
-
- 1990- .,
,
.
:
, , ,
, ,
.
, .
,
,
.
,
.
-
,
.
-
-,
. - - :
.
-
, -
. .
1990- . -
,
16
www.lightwave-russia.com
. , , , .
, . -
.
, ,
, .
. ,
( ),
, .. . ,
:
-
.
- , ,
- .
.
- .
- .
, -
. ,
,
,
.
-
, - , ,
,
- . ,
.
,
, ..
,
. -
(), , . -
.
-
.
. , ,
.
- ,
, , .
(. ),
-
NEC.
.
-
.
-
().
Corning OFS (). -
.
.
-
Fujikura -
.
Fujikura
.
- ,
- .
,
.
, ,
,
/.
25 .
, -
-
. ,
, .
-
.
. -
. -
-.
:
,
, ;
- ;
;
- ;
;
;
- .
, - .
, ,
,
.
www.lightwave-russia.com
17
WDM
(ANDY CARTER), Bookham Inc.,
(JONATHAN WHITE), Bookham Inc.
. - , (DFB), ,
2005 .
, , -,
(DWDM-).
, 80
C- L-.
.
,
.
.
C L-, .
. IP-
, . , , 10 / , 2,5 /. (ROADM) , ,
.
,
. -
18
www.lightwave-russia.com
. ,
.
, . ,
,
. ,
, , MSA .
,
.
. 1
-
,
,
,
, 1
(SMSR, side-mode suppression
ratio),
.
,
,
Bookham, JDSU
(DBR)
(Agility), Sintune
Fujitsu,
(InP)
, - .
Furukawa, NTT
(DFB)
. 1 - ,
Santur
(MEMS)
(DFB)
.
NEC, Pirelli
(Iolon)
Fujitsu,
Paxera,
Intel, Princeton
(MSA, multiOptronics
source agreements), -
WDM
.
.
, , , ,
.
. 3. ITLA ,
,
. 1.
,
.
(DSDBR).
,
, ,
+13,5
- (InP)
,
. , , .
SMRS , 40 .
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
. , MSA
,
MSA
SOA, (ITLA).
-
(OIF),
(
, ).
, 26
, (. 3).
,
. 2.
,
.
, MSA.
DFB
ITLA
, ,
[1, 2]. 300- 3 . ,
(
), 500 , , 125 .
(SMRS) , DFB (SOA)
. 4.
34 . . . 2 ITLA
www.lightwave-russia.com
19
.
,
InP- (MZ)
(. 4).
. 5. ,
,
,
,
10 /,
. ,
, . , . ITLA
.
ITLA, (ITTA).
10 /, ITLA,
. 5.
Lightwave, August 2006
,
1. ..
DWDM . . 1 // Lightwave
Russian Edition, 2006, 1, c. 51.
2. ..
DWDM . . 2 //
Lightwave Russian Edition, 2006,
3, c. 53.
.. (.: ; , 2007. 632 .)
,
.
20
www.lightwave-russia.com
() ,
,
. , , .
, , ,
(, ).
- ,
, .
,
(, , , , .), ..
.
, ,
(
, , ).
,
: ,
, WDM-/;
.
. ,
, ,
. .
WDM
DWDM/CWDM
.. , JDSU ,
.. , JDSU
1.
?
, TDM.
-
,
, , ,
.
[13].
2.
, .
.
, ,
. ,
DWDM,
TDM, .
.
. . 1.
.
,
, , . . ?
,
,
.
,
,
. . .
,
. , , ,
.
.
, ,
,
Fortune 50
(.1).
DWDM,
(. 2).
22
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
, .
. .
WDM
. 2.
.
(CWDM) (DWDM).
3.
, CWDM.
,
,
.
CWDM
DWDM,
.
,
.
4.
[5, 6], CWDM/DWDM, . 4. DWDM CWDM.
,
CWDM
[4].
. ,
. 3. CWDM DWDM
,
,
DWDM
CWDM.
.
, . 4. CWDM/DWDM
,
,
?
, .
(RBOC) , ,
.
,
, .
CWDM DWDM.
, .
.
DWDM CWDM. ,
DWDM
CWDM, DWDM.
DWDM CWDM. CWDM
,
100 ,
WDM
DWDM,
.
www.lightwave-russia.com
23
WDM
CWDM/DWDM
,
.
.
,
, . ,
, ,
. ,
, .
1. .
// Lightwave Russian Edition.
2007. 2. .17.
2. . FTTH
//
Lightwave Russian Edition. 2007. 1. . 4.
3.
// Lightwave Russian
Edition. 2006. 4. . 11.
4. .., ..
CWDM:
// Lightwave Russian Edition.
2004. 2. . 20.
5. ., .
CWDM //
Lightwave Russian Edition. 2005. 3. . 22.
6. ., ., .
// Lightwave
Russian Edition. 2004. 3. . 18.
?
?
?
?
24
www.lightwave-russia.com
,
(.
www.ALTSVET.ru).
, -
, , ..
.
,
.
.. ,
2.
[1]
(),
.
(),
, .
1000 , , , [2], 10 000 . , , . ,
.
1.
[25],
:
,
( 20%,
65 85% );
-,
( 35%);
26
www.lightwave-russia.com
2002 .
,
;
- (
0,91,5 ) [6].
;
,
(
45%).
.
,
,
, , . 1. (
.
)
,
,
. ( .). [2].
-1000-TC1
1 /.
2.
,
,
,
.. [3].
1980- .
[4],
. .
, .
, .
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
. . 4
,
K
( ) ,
0,9970,999.
.
, K
4.
.
()
,
() . ()
. 2.
,
37
:
(
,
): 36,
.
. 6
: (
).
, ( -)
.
- :
,
, 1) ,
,
,
()
.
( , . 3.
[2, 4].
.
,
25
2006 . . 2
, 55 );
-
2)
(. - G.640 [7]).
() 3.
K-N (
()
: K-N =
( 0,997 0,999 , .
);
. 3 3) )
(
: K- = 0,99999 K-N = 0,999
K- = 0,9999 0,9999 K-N = 0,997).
(
. ) . :
1)
. 1 [8].
,
N ;
2)
,
. 4. 220
0,9970,999
K-1 = 0,99999;
: 20
.
3) ( , 36
(1) (2)):
()
. ,
.
www.lightwave-russia.com
27
4)
(3)
. 6.
..1 (N)
- [1]
K-1 (N), (4) (. 7).
L-1 (N)
, ,
.
. 8 (5)
K-N = 0,997 0,999, K- = 0,99999 0,9999.
. 9
(. . 3, 4) N
K-N
1 / , .
() (. . 6) -
. 6.
28
www.lightwave-russia.com
[1]
.
)
1.
,
, .
K-N
= 0,997,
. 5.
K-1 = 0,99999
,
- (. . 3, 4)
,
100.
. , 2. , .
K-N = 0,997 K-1 = 0,9999 5%-
(. . 6, 8).
.
3.
1.
K- = 0,999 K- = 0,99999
,
,
40 (. . 6, 8) 5%-
.
,
.
:
.
, , , ..
, . . , , - .
, . .
K- =
0,997
800850 (
650 ),
. . 7.
.
(. . 3, 4)
( , -
. 8.
P1 = 55
1 / :
1) KN = 0,997 K1 = 0,99999;
2) KN = 0,997 K1 = 0,9999;
3) KN = 0.999 K1 = 0,99999
2. ( ) . .
, ,
.
3.
,
, , - (-) [1]
, .
. 9.
(. 3 4)
4.
ArtoLink-1 / c
K- = 0,99999 , ,
,
100
,
0,997
(. . 6, 9).
5. c K- = 0,99999
0,999, 40 (. . 6, 9).
6.
K- = 0,9999 ,
Artolink-1/,
0,997
10 (. . 6, 9).
7. ,
.
N. ,
N, ..
() .
8. , ,
K-1
K-N .
9. , LAK-1 - (. (5)),
LAK-1
.
K-N
0,999 [10],
K-N: 0,997
0,999
.
10. , N , (. . 5), , -,
N 10.
11.
,
- (
).
12.
, ,
( ).
, .
13. ,
, ,
.
1. ..
. 1 //
Lightwave Russian Edition. 2007. 3. . 13.
2. . // Connect.
2005. 11. . 76.
3. .
// Connect. 2006. 11. C. 140.
4. . //
Connect. 2005. 3. C. 82; 5. C. 96.
5. ..
FSO // .
2007. 1. C. 26.
6. .. .
:
//
. 2002. 5.
7. G640.
.
8. .
// . 2006. 4. C. 24.
9.
2005 .
. ., 1996.
10. Huanachin A. et al. Simulation and develop
ment of a FSO system at an urban environment in
Rio de Janeiro // Proc. of SPIE. 2004. 5550. P. 158.
www.lightwave-russia.com
29
.. , , . .. ,
.. , , . .. ,
.. , , . ..
30
www.lightwave-russia.com
, .
,
,
, , ,
,
. ,
(, poly-methil-methaacrilate PMMA)
(step index, SI) POF-ALL [7].
, ,
, ()
(
, ..) [6].
.
.
. -
.
,
.
[818]
Pilot Chemical 1960- .,
Du Pont. , 1978 .
5001000 /, . .
1978 . Du Pont ,
,
Mitsubishi Rayon. Mitsubishi Rayon ,
150 / 650 ( ).
50 / .
(Y. Koike)
() 1990 .
(, GI-POF)
.
3
100 ,
150 /
( 650 ).
MMA
-
1968
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1997
1977
1997
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
0,9
100 /.
2005 . Chromis
Optical Fiber, OFS Bell Laboratories,
Asahi,
,
, Asahi,
. 1. ,
() .
[8]
. 1 ( 1
() .
[9]).
,
, .
,
. .
3 /
.
2,5 / 100
(,
.
,
)
650
() 2,5 / 100
KAIST
1995 . , ,
,
NEC - . 400 / 70
Asahi Glass ,
,
50
/
.
6501300
,
DARPA PAVNET, HSPN,
.
,
Lucent Technologies
. ,
Fujitsu 2,5 / 200
10 /.
,
1,3
.
5 / 140
2001 .
Lucent 11 /
100 Lucina ( )
.
Optomist, : Agetha, I/O
.
Home Planet.
().
Redfern Optics KAIST
-
570
-
HP
650 ( ).
IEEE 1394B,
1992 .
IDB-1394
2004
(LED) Chromis Fiberoptics 50 /
, .
15 ( 40 / 30
.
5,35 /
2005 .
70 /
220
Optimedia
560 ) -
www.lightwave-russia.com
31
100 .
. 1
,
.
660
(.1) [8].
- () , .
CH, ()
.
: -,
( 600 1300 ), 50 /.
,
,
(
8001300 ).
1300
20 , 30
800 60 650 .
15 / 1300 , 1 /.
100150 .
, ,
. .
(, SI)
; .
.
(-
1990- .
-
32
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
, ,
, .
(MC, multicore), , . 2.
[19].
.
: PC , PMMA
, PF ; MC
.
:
[20] SI , DSI , MSI
, GI
.
( ). 100- , MOST Cooperation. 10 /.
MOST Cooperation 16 General Motors
60 .
,
2003 .,
, (. 2).
,
19
.
, , 9,5 ,
15% 2010 .
2005 . 15 . 2005 . 40
.
-
, 25
. ,
, ,
, .
, MOST, 25 /,
.
4,5 , ,
2008 . , .
150 /.
2000 .
MOST
DeimlerBenz 25 /, 2008 . BMW
150 /.
Volkswagen
MOST
,
, BMW -
(MOST, media-oriented system transport), 10 / ,
.
ByteFlight
, , , -
. BMW 7
ByteFlight .
Flexray.
,
400 /,
IBD-1394. ,
MOST.
.
.
,
,
. 10100 /
, 1 /. ,
,
10100 /
MOST. 12 . , , , ,
.
, , ,
, , , , . 1990- .
(DARPA)
. , . , Honeywell, Delphi Electronics,
Boeing Lucent Technologies.
. ,
Boeing
(
).
,
( 125)
.
34
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
.
, Intel .
,
, .
/, ,
. ,
, ,
,
, .
1. ..
// Lightwave
Russian Edition. 2003. 1. . 48.
2.
:
// Lightwave Russian Edition. 2004.
2. . 11.
3. Koonen T., Boom H. van der, Khoe G.D.
Broadband access and in house networks
extending the capabilities of multimode fibre
networks // Proc. of ECOC/IOOC 2003.
Vol. 5. P. 24.
4. Lee S.C.J. et al. 10.7 Gbit/s transmission
over 220 m polymer optical fiber using maxi
mum likelihood sequence estimation // Proc. of
OFC2007. OTuL2.
5. Nespola A. et al. Equalization Techniques for
100Mb/s Data Rates on SIPOF for Optical
Short Reach Applications // Proc. of OFC2007.
OMR1.
6. Randel S. et al. 1 Gbit/s transmission with
5.3 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency in a 100 m stan
dard 1 mm SI POF link using adaptive multiple
subcarrier modulation // Proc. of ECOC 2006.
Postdeadline paper.
7. .
// Lightwave
Russian Edition. 2006. 3. C. 4.
8. Koike Y. Progress of plastic optical fiber tech
nology // Proc. of ECOC 1996. Vol. 1. P. 44.
9. Polishuk P. Plastic optical fiber branch out //
IEEE Communications magazine. 2006.
Vol. 44, 9. C. 140.
10. Ziemann O., Poisel H. Short distance opti
cal connections for home networks, sensing
and mobile systems // OFC2007. OMR1.
11. Pepeljugoski P., Doany F., Kuchta D. et al.
Data center and high performance computing
interconnects for 100 Gb/s and beyond // Proc.
of OFC2007. OMR4.
12. Polley A., Gandhi R.J., Ralph S.E. 40Gbps
links using plastic optical fiber // Proc. of OFC
2007. OMR5.
13. Koonen A.M.J., Yang J., Alfiad M.S. et al.
Highcapacity data transport via largecore
plastic optical fiber links using quadrature
amplitude modulation // Proc. of OFC2007.
OMR6.
14. Polyshuk P. POF market and technology
assessment report // IGI Consulting. 2005.
MOST Standard for automobiles,
http://www.mostcooperative.com.
15. Schopp H. MOST standard applied to con
sumer electronics // POF World (West). 2005.
June 2123, Santa Clara, CA.
16. Koike Y., Ishigure T., Nichi T. High band
width gradedindex polymer optical fiber // IEEE
J. Lightwave Tech. 1995. Vol. 13. P. 1475.
17. Ishigure T., Koike Y., Flemming J.W.
Optimum index profile of the perfluorinated and
polymerized GI polymer optical fiber and its dis
persion properties // IEEE J. Lightwave Tech.
2000. Vol. 18. P. 178.
18. Suassuna de Oliveira I.A., Bonfim M.
Plastic optical fibers in telecommunications:
analysis, comparison and applications // Proc.
of SBMO/IEEE MTTS IMOC. 2003. P. 651.
19. Ziemann O. Application spectrum of
polimer optical fibers // Proc. of ECOC2001.
20. Giaretta G., White W., Wegmueller M. et al.
11 Gb/sec data transmission through 100 m of
perfluorinated gradedindex polymer optical
fiber // Proc. of OFC99. 1999. PDP. PD141.
21. Nespola A. et al. Demonstration of an
extended reach (425 m) Ethernet system over
large core polymer optical fiber for access/edge
networks // Proc. of Optical Fiber Conference
OFC 2006.
22.
// Lightwave Russian
Edition. 2004. 2. C. 44.
(RICK RACINSKAS),
Tellabs
,
. , , ,
,
. 1995 .
,
, :
.
, ,
. 1. :
.
; ;
,
, , .
, ,
. , , ; , . .
. . , Westover
Inspect before you connect (Scientific: 4090% ),
Westover Scientific. (
-
. http://westoverfiber.com/Support/
.
downloads.php.)
,
.
. ,
,
.
. , ,
. (IPA),
, , -
( 99%), , . ,
(. 1, ).
. . . , , .
.
(. 2) .
( ),
..
.
, .
,
.
. 2.
www.lightwave-russia.com
35
KimWipes
. ,
.
.
.
Cletop/Optitop ; ,
. ,
.
().
HUXCleaner The Fiber
Ferrule Mate Seikoh Giken
.
.
, ,
Westover Scientific
Lightel,
( )
.
.
. ,
.
,
, . ,
-
(
), .
, . .
, . . , , . , .
.
36
www.lightwave-russia.com
. , .
. , (,
) .
,
.
, , .
,
.
Cletop (
) .
. , , .
Cletop HUX Ferrule Mate
,
.
, , . .
. , ,
.
,
.
() - , .
. ,
.
. ,
.
Fiberchek2 Westover Scientific.
.
, , ,
. .
400- 200- .
, ,
(EDFA).
: !
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
. , ,
,
, .
,
, .
, , , .
?
, , ,
,
( ), .
, , :
,
,
.
, .
Lightwave, 2007
. (DONALD K. HALL),
Corning Cable Systems
, Ethernet,
-, - Fibre
Channel, InfiniBand 4X-SDR 4X-DDR, . ,
.
, , , ,
.
.
, . .
, ,
. ,
, , .
38
www.lightwave-russia.com
. , MPO (multifiber push on). .
MPO
. 144 .
MPO .
MPO.
,
.
, . MPO
. ,
.
, -
.
, MPO
.
(ITM, integrated trunk module) . ,
MPO.
,
, ,
MPO-. ITM
.
,
.
. 1 2
.
,
, ,
,
1,5 ,
.
.
, 0,75 . ,
,
2,25
,
. 0,75 .
. , .
. ,
.
.
.
,
,
. 1.
, .
0,75
.
.
ANSI/TIA/EIA
568-B.1. ,
,
.
,
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3,
.
, Annex A
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
1,5 . ,
0,75 .
, , . , , . 1.
0,5 , , , MPO, .
.
,
.
. 2. (ITM).
.
,
(
)
.
, 0,35 ,
(
, .
, . 1, 0,85 , . ,
MPO). ,
. , . 1 . ITM , ,
. ,
www.lightwave-russia.com
39
0,3 ,
.
-
,
. -
40
www.lightwave-russia.com
, , . , .
, .
. -
,
.
Lightwave, April 2007
MPO (multifiber push on) .
ITM (integrated trunk modules) .
?
.. , , . .. ,
.. , , . .. ,
.. , , . ..
2,5 10 / ( 40 /
).
,
()
40 100 /.
,
10 /.
,
,
,
.
, . ,
().
[13].
. 1.
,
, , ,
.
,
,
, .
-
, (/) (/)
. , ,
,
. ,
,
. 1.
- .
.
,
,
,
,
.
, -
www.lightwave-russia.com
41
,
,
lC lCOG,
(1)
lC ,
lCOG
.
, (1), . 2.
()
,
,
.
.
(
).
.
, .. ,
10%. ,
[4].
, . 3.
.
:
;
(. 2)
(. 3).
(. 2) . ,
, .
.
/1/2. , . , -
42
www.lightwave-russia.com
()
.
,
30% .
, ,
, 0,004% ( 20 ).
(1),
,
. , 10 , . 4.
, . , , , 10 0,5
9%. ,
, , ,
, . , ,
, 0,004%,
. 4. ,
, 0,1 ,
10 / 10 .
(
(BER)) [3].
,
, ,
, , /
. 4.
(OSNR) = 10 .
.
30
- -
60%
0,2 /1/2 4%
. 1
0,4 /1/2.
,
, 1997 2002 .,
Fiber Work [8], , . ( 19% 10%
0,5 /1/2.
).
,
British Telecommunications,
1
[9].
.
,
, , . ,
,
.
:
* [10];
[11];
[12].
,
. - ,
. 5.
.
.
.
.
. 5.
-.
Bellcore,
,
2001 . [6], 20%
[10]. ,
10 40 /.
,
1 /1/2.
.
[7],
2,5 /
8% , , 1997 ., ( ) 0,9 /1/2
, (
* ,
40% 0,2 /1/2. 1997 .
)
.
: , -
44
www.lightwave-russia.com
.
,
. -
. .
.
()
[11]. . . 6.
, .
.
()
[11].
.
,
, .
.
. 11.
- ,
.
(. 6).
, ,
,
.
. -
:
. , .
. 7.
,
.
.
. -,
, .
FOTP-124 TINTY,
,
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
. -,
, , . -,
.
. 8. ,
.
www.lightwave-russia.com
45
, , .
.
,
[13]. .
,
,
.
FOTP-124-A, 2004 .,
(GINTY),
TINTY . .
.
,
, . ,
.
(SPE-)
.
.
,
.
. 8, -
.
.
46
www.lightwave-russia.com
, SPE-,
, , . , , , .
.
, .
.
, .
-,
(
). -,
,
.
,
. ,
.
Agilent , SPE-.
10 / .
2,5 / ,
.
10 / - ,
,
.
.
40 100 /, ,
. , SPE.
1. .., ..,
..
//
: . .: , 2000.
2. .., ..
? // Lightwave Russian Edition. 2004. 4.
. 38.
3. .., ..,
..
//
: . .:
, 2000.
4. ., ., .,
.., .
// Lightwave Russian Edition.
2005. 1. . 24.
5. Derickson D. Fiber Optic Test and
Measurement. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,
1998.
6. Peters J., Dori A., Kapron F. Bellcores fiber
measurement audit of existing cable plant for
use with high bandwidth systems // Proc.
NFOEC 1997.
7. .., ..
// Lightwave Russian
Edition. 2005. 1. . 38.
8. Barcelos S. PMD field audit reveals invest
ment losses // Lightwave. February, 2005.
9. Lord A. PMD from an operators perspective
// Workshop on high data rate transmission and
PMD. ECOC 2007.
10. TIA/EIA FOTP113. Polarization mode dis
persion measurement for single mode optical
fibers by the fixed analyzer method.
11. TIA/EIA FOTP124. Polarization mode dis
persion measurement for single mode optical
fibers by interferometry.
12. TIA/EIA FOTP122. Polarization Mode
Dispersion Measurement for SingleMode
Optical Fibers by Stokes Parameter Evaluation.
13. . ,
// Lightwave Russian
Edition. 2004. 2. C. 38.
.. ,
DWDM
.
( ,
.) .
, ,
, (. 1).
(xWDM) .
.
,
,
,
.
(. 2)
xWDM. ,
,
. 40 /
(STM-256),
(
, );
. 1. .
DWDM c
,
, . STM64
.
[3].
,
, / (
. () IEC 61280-1-3 [1],
Telcordia Technologies ( Bellcore)
GR-468-CORE [2].
, ,
,
,
. 2.
.
-
48
www.lightwave-russia.com
), .
, , , .
.
- (),
,
. ,
, , ,
[4].
, . . .
IEC 61280-1-3 .
1 200 . 0,2 0,1
(multi-longitudional mode, MLM), , (single-longitudional mode).
50
.
IEC 61280-1-3 , ,
232C, .
.
, .
,
.
.
.
,
. 3.
,
avg
rms
.
,
N . , (N-dB-down width) N DWDM
, , ,
, ,
N .
,
, ;
,
(full-width at half-maximum)
. , fwhm N N = 3;
(root-mean square width) rms
.
, ;
(side-mode suppression ratio) SSR , , ,
.
.
( IEC
61280-1-3 [1]):
(centre wave length) centre . , ;
(half .
power wavelength) 3 ,
;
(centroidal wavelength) avg ;
i pi (peak wavelength)
i- ,
p , ;
www.lightwave-russia.com
49
20
( ). ,
,
(1) (3).
M1 M2
.
, ,
( 20 80 ),
(100 /)
i,
Pi,
pi,
pii
pi(i avg)2
. 4.
avg
rms
.
6 +48C 20 ,
10 . , .
, , ,
(. 3).
P,
centre, avg rms.
( ?)
fwhm . ,
. 2, :
, -
50
www.lightwave-russia.com
, ,
.
MLM-
avg rms . IEC 61280-1-3 ,
,
,
. 4. P 0 (2), avg (1),
(3) rms .
.
0,2 10%,
.
. ,
10
.
? IEC 61280-1-3, ,
2025 .
GR-468-CORE ,
,
20 ( 13 , -
-
()
(MLM) [5]. .
. , , , ,
.
, .
.
.
3 .
,
,
.
(
).
( , . 5. .
..). SLM
) .
fwhm
.
fwhm
.
= 2,5 /
(-)
(),
(SLM), -
[5].
,
(. 5).
SLM- P
centre .
20 , fwhm. SSR. SLM- (
SSR) .
. 10 / [5].
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
STM-64,
STM-256
DWDM.
1. IEC 6128013:
1998 Fibre optic
communication sub
system basic test
procedures. Part
13: Test procedures
for general communi
cation subsystems
Central wavelength
and spectral width
measurement.
2. GR468CORE.
Generic reliability
assurance require
ments for optoelec
tronic devices used in
telecommunication
equipments.
3.
//
Lightwave Russian
Edition. 2005. 1.
C. 43.
4. ..
:
,
,
. .:
, 1999.
5. ..
// Lightwave
Russian Edition.
2003. 2. C. 48.
www.lightwave-russia.com
51
.
.
,
: ,
.
.
52
www.lightwave-russia.com
, .
- , - .
. 1.
DTX Compact OTDR
DTX CableAnalyzerTM
DTX
CableAnalyzer
-
DTX CableAnalyzer :
( 1) ( .
2).
DTX Compact OTDR
. -
.
, ,
.
-
,
.
, ,
- DTX - ,
. 2.
DTX CableAnalyzer
.
DTX Compact OTDR
DTX Compact
OTDR ,
. - .
,
www.fluke-networks.ru
EXFO AXS 200/620
EXFO
AXS-200/620.
tripleplay (, ), ADSL/2/2+ Ethernet,
VoIP IPTV. , .
/.
, AXS-200/620
, .
IPTV: , PCR, MDI,
PID ICMP (zap
time). , . AXS-200/620
VoIP .
AXS-200/620
ADSL Ethernet
,
.
, .
:
/
;
;
IPTV;
-- (,
, );
/
:
VoIP,
;
;
-
IGMP-
/;
,
;
/.
.
.
, . ,
DSL- ( )
, ,
.
,
. ping, traceroute, HTTP FTP . AXS-200/620 VoIP
IPTV : , , DSLAM, .
AXS-200/620
www.EXFO.com.
AXS-200/620 DSL-,
. .
/
. AXS200/620 DSL-
IPTV ,
. AXS-200/620
.
.
. 1. AXS 200/620
-
www.lightwave-russia.com
53
www.ocs01.ru www.plastcom.spb.ru
01
www.teralink.ru
,
,
www.ofsoptics.com
OFS
,
,
,
,
.
www.optel.ru www.optel.com.ua
,
,
,
.
.
www.opten.spb.ru
www.lightwave-russia.com
www.optictelecom.ru
www.photonium.fi
PHOTONIUM
54
www.beliit.com
,
, ,
, ,
,
.
Diamond SA
A: , 127236, ,
., 71
.: +7 495 9019186 ()
+7 495 7559088
+7 495 4870125
: +7 495 9019186
E-mail: sale@optictelecom.ru
: www.optictelecom.ru
A: , 050004, ,
. , 67, 204
.: +7 3272 664002, 664003
: +7 3272 507327
A: , 220088, ,
. , 15, 907
.: +375 17 2945972
: +375 17 2944935
E-mail: info@beliit.com
: www.beliit.com
: , .
- : , , , , . , .
01,
EXFO
A: , 115088, ,
. , 7
.: +7 495 7863434
: +7 495 7863432
E-mail: mail@ssd.ru
: www.ssd.ru, www.fot.ru
,
.
1000 ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
, .
3, Tyco Electronics
Raychem, Seba, Corning Cable Systems.
A: , 198323, ,
, 115
.: +7 812 3803901
: +7 812 3803903
E-mail: office@ocs01.ru
: www.ocs01.ru
A: , 198323, ,
, 115,
.: +7 812 7461761
: +7 812 7461140
E-mail: plastcom@plastcom.spb.ru
: www.plastcom.spb.ru
01
()
(), .
,
( ,
, ..).
, ,
, .
www.lightwave-russia.com
55
PHOTONIUM
A: 107497, ,
., .11/17
.: +7 (495) 504 08 65
: +7 (495) 504 08 62
E-mail: sales@velcomt.ru
: www.velcomt.ru
A: , 117997, ,
. , 84/32,
. 22, 2730
.: +7 495 7871777
: +7 495 3333300
E-mail: info@teralink.ru
: www.teralink.ru
- , , - ,
.
2005 . . ,
:
PON;
;
(FTTP/FTTH) ;
;
.
Photonium
.
FCVD,
MCVD.
Photonium
, .
Photonium . ,
, , , , .
Photonium ,
* :
A: , 143952, .,
. , . , . 7
.: +7 495 9807860 (.),
5284507, 5288078
: +7 495 5288078
E-mail: info@elixcable.ru
: www.elixcable.ru
-
-
.
56
www.lightwave-russia.com
1
A: , 111024, , / 141
./: +7 495 7863497
()
E-mail: optel@optel.ru
: www.optel.ru
A: , 61106, ,
. , 3
./: +38 057 7176681
E-mail: info@optel.com.ua
: www.optel.com.ua
A: , 394019, ,
. , 6
.: +7 (4732) 672795, 790755
: +7 (4732) 672795, 790755
E-mail: ofssvs1@ofssvs1.ru
: www.ofssvs1.ru
:
: , , , , ,
c , ;
:
, ,
, ;
:
:
, ,
,
.
, .
- , , . .
.
, .
ISO 9001-2000
( 092294 QM, DQS).