Lightwave 2004 02

2 2004
2/2004
2003 .
4
3
5 OFC
:
Pennwell Corp.
98 Spit Brook Road
Nashua
New Hampshire 03062-5737 USA
.: +1 603 891-0123
7
9
:

WDM-
:

Pennwell Corp.
E-mail: info@lightwave-russia.com
:
.
.: (095) 939-3194
editor@lightwave-russia.com
20 WDM
O
, /

CWDM.

1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,31 /
0,4
ZWPF
0,2
0,0
1200
1250
. 24
1300 1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
,
CWDM
,

41
:
, 105043 , / 5
. 27

82933.
20.07.2004.
6090/8.
Helios. .
. . . 7,0.
4000 . 269
LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004
33
38
:
,

,
.

77-14327 10.01.2003
ISSN 1727-7248

, 2004
PON
2. Ethernet

:
.
./: (095) 505-5753
nikonova@lightwave-russia.com
-
, . , . 25.
./: 995-15-99, 995-45-99
14

,

44
47

(WDM)
53 -
54
. 50
(WDM)
55 &

www.lightwave-russia.com

Lightwave
Russian Edition
(WDM)
.

. ,

.
(EDFA)
(DWDM)

.

. , ,
,

,
.
DWDM
, .
DWDM
(. ..
WDM . 14),
,
, .
WDM
: , .
,
.. ,
Lightwave Russian Edition

1

LIGHTWAVE Russian Edition. ,
,
,
.
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
LIGHTWAVE Russian Edition
.
4000 . 3200 .
. .

.
,
. ,
,
.
,
.

(www/lightwaverussia.com).
, .
,
,
, .
/

.
.
,
.

,
:
.
( 2/3 )
.
,
,
.

LIGHTWAVE Russian Edition.
.
,

OFC
22 27 2004 , ,

OFC (Optical Fiber Communication conference and exposition)
OFC
OFC -
- ,
. ,
OFC,
.
, , .
,
15 689,
(15 000), , , .

, -: Alcatel, Corning, Nortel .
, .
, ,
, , ,
, .
, .
, OFC
. , ,
.

. , ,
, .

40 / , .
, , .

, , , (VCSEL) .

,

,
.
Corning
-
(FTTX)
(, ) . (,
, Triple Play
applications.)
,
,

,

- . Corning,
NexCor
.
, Corning,

OFC
40

Ando

Blaze Photonics.

(.
, SRS).
-
OTDR
Photon Kinetics
, PON ( ), .

Hitachi OFS
(B-PON),
.
,
OFC-2004
Quintuple-Play, .. ,
() , IP-, ,
. Hitachi All Wave OFS 20 .
,
.
Agilent 10 Gb/s
Ethernet, Fibre Channel SONET/SDH.
OCP (Optical
Communication Products, USA)
CWDM-.

. . .
Lucent

Movaz,
DWDM-.
Civcom () Letek ()

,
.
Arasor (
)

-

200 . . . - .

.
Arasor Lightbit .
, , . OFC-2004 ,
, -

Agilent
.
OFC .
OFC
,
.
, , .
,
, .
. 2004
,

: MARKET WATCH. ,

RHK,
.
2004
11 15 2004
16

,

,
.
- , ,

.
, , ,

. ,
, . ,
, ,
. , ,
.

,
, , -
Alcatel

, . Terawave Communications, , - PON

(MPEG-2), . .
-
:
- , -, .

.
, Alcatel,

Nortel Networks,Lucent Technologies,
OlenCom Electronics, Huawei Technologies.

EPON Fujikura,
, , IP-.
.
(
Alcatel 1 )
Next Generation Networks (NGN). NGN
, , .
.

,

-
. Alcatel
.

,

- .
Alcatel Open.
, - .

, -,
, ,
,
,
- , .
.

,
.

- . AMFICOMOptic

, -
, , -

AMFICOMOptic
,
.

.

.
,

- .
.

LIGHTWAVE
(),
Russian Edition

, ,
- :
.

, ,
,
,
-,
. 220 35 .

,
- -1, , -, , , ---1,
.
-.
,
. .

LIGHTWAVE
2003 .
Russian Edition
,
, ,
, - .
.


(A eff = 517 2 HE 11 1.55 ).
, .
.
(0,4 /).
( ) . , Aeff .
. MCVD.
.1.
HE11
1. Fevrier S. et al. 517 m 2 Effective Area SingeMode Bragg Fibre.

ECOCIOOC 2003 Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 23, Rimini, 2003.

10 /

Infineon Technologies (- ), 10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) 300 . 1310
(VCSEL), (EDC electronic dispersion compensation).
EDC
. 10 / 300
. IEEE 802.3 High Speed Study Group, 80% . EDC

.
(EDCequipped Infineon
XPAK optical module) 2004 .
, - (PCF) .
2003 BlazePhotonics
PCF , . : . 0,7 /
, 0,5 / 520 630 , .

, .
10
9 2004 .

7-

:

;

(CWDM DWDM);
,
;
,
;

- ;

- c.
811 2004 .


:

.
,
,
, , FTTH (fiber to the home). FTTH () , .
.
, .
,

1.

. ,
, , [2]. (Eindhoven University of
Technology, the Netherlands)

,
(. 1) [3].
)
)
)

. 2.
POF
a) ;
.
) ;
c)
. 2 (POF polimer optical fiber),

POF 100
. .
,
, [1].

, , , ,
,
.

, (. 2, ).
,

, ,
,
, . . [3]
.
1. ..
// Lightwave
Russian Edition, 2003, 1, . 4852.
2. Kritler D. Laseroptimized multimode fiber
presents standardizedtesting challenges.
Lightwave September, 2003. / :
Lightwave Russian Edition, 2004, 2, . 41
3. Koonen T., van der Boom H., Khoe G.D.
Broadband access and inhouse networks
extending the capabilities of multimode fibre
networks. ECOCIOOC 2003 Proceedings,
vol. 5, pp. 2427.
11

, .. , .

- .
.
, , . ,
, , ,
. ECOC-IOOC 2003
,
,
.

(Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings). . () . , , . . .
, , ,
.

. ,
,
neff:
. 1.

1. Sakamoto A. et al. Novel Fabrication Method for Dispersion

Compensation Fiber Grating Utilizing Excimer Lamp (=172nm) and
Uniform Phase Mask. ECOCIOOC 2003 Proceedings, vol.1,
pp.1415, Rimini, 2003.

B = 2neff
, , .

(172 nm), , , , .
,

. , - . ,
( 1,5 ).
12
,
4
(RZDQPSK)

(RZ-DQPSK) , 3
,
-
. 1. RZDQPSK
,
[1].
DQPSK

. 4 {0, /2, , 3/2).
, .

/2, .
-
- I Q.
DQPSK

,
. RZ-DQPSK
- [2].
10 -
, 20 / ( 2 ).
(100 ),
2 .

1212 (.1).

/2 .

1 . , . 2.
RZDQPSK- 20 /
64- DWDM- 33 2000 .
. 2. RZ
DQPSK

1. Wree C. et al., High spectral efficiency 1.6

b/s/Hz transmission (8 x 40 Gb/s with a 25
GHz grid) over 200km SSMF using
RZ/DQPSK and polarization multiplexing //
Photon. Techn. Lett, 2003, 15(9),
pp. 13031305.
2. Morichetti F. et al. Integrated optical receiver
for RZDQPSK transmission systems. OFC
2004 on CDROM, paper FC8.
-
16 18 2004 ()
.
,
.. ,
-.
.
.. , -,
, , , .
.. Lightwave Russian Edition .. .
- Anritsu, .
16, 17 18 , : . , .
.. ,
()
13

WDM
.. ,
.
Email: gladychevski@optictelecom.ru
, , WDM (Wavelength Division

Multiplexing), .
, , WDM- , .
,
.
.
, , , . .
[1]. -

:
?

?

()?
, , ,
:

. ,

,
?

-
14

,
.
,
,
.

.

WDM.

.
1. WDM
, (DWDM),
(WAN) [2].
WDM
,

.
.
WDM-
[1].
,
.
,
.
, , ,

. , .
, .
, . ,

.
,
,
WDM .
10
1
, .
SDH
STM-1.
SDH STM-1,

(. 1). ,
STM-1 ,
, B, 10 E1.
, , C ( 1).
2.
). STM1
3.
.
3. WDM

SDH,

- - . ,
WDM
, .
. 1.
WDM
STM1
,
. SDH
.
STM-1.
. SDH
STM-1
:
1310 ,

.

STM-1

C (. 2).
1550 ,

STM-1
1310
. 2.
. , STM1
.

. ,
E1.

,
.
,
(. 3).
1. ,

SDH STM-4.
.
4.
2.
,
STM-1, . 13

.
2.

- $
. $
3.

STM-4,
10 000
4
40 000
STM-1,
.
1
30 000
1
30 000
WDM
E1 ( )
200
10
2000
,

72 000
.

1.
SDH STM4
, . , .
STM-4,

.
E1
.

1.
[3].
,
,
.
,
22,5 . () 16
(
),
( 0,8001 . )
( -

STM-1
E1

STM-1
E1 ( )
. $
25 000
14 000
200
5
1
10
125 000
10 000
2000
141 000
. $
3000
14 000
200
5
1 .
10 .
15 000
14 000
2000
31 000
15
(..

, .
).

RHK , SDH WDM-

DWDM.
, WDM-
.
, . 3.

1 WDM
WDM.
WDM- ( -

. WDM
-),

, ATM
/.
IP-, ,
. WDM- .
: SDH .
,
( )

.
WDM 1300/1550 80 A B , DWDM.

DWD 4, 5
5.

- $
. $

.
WDM (1,3/1,55 )
5000
2
10 000

STM-1
14 000
1
14 000
1 ,
SDH E1
200
10
2000
( 6).
,
26 000
, ,
WDM 1300/1550

(26 000 .). ,
DWDM
(141 000
, STM-1
.). , . E1 ( )
, ,
,
, .
, ,

,

, $
SDH
STM-4
72 000
23
STM-4

STM-1
STM-1
, 141 000

. STM-1
STM-1
:
31 000

;
STM-1
STM-1
;
26 000
23
WDM 1300/1550

, .. STM-1
STM-1
36 000
23
DWDM

;
16
. $
10 000
10 000
2000
2
1
1
20 000
14 000
2000
36 000

, , WDM . ,
,

.
.
. 4. ,

( 4).
SDH
.
-, ,
B, .
-,

.
-,
.

:
1) ;
2) WDM .
1. .
8 ,
32 000
. .
256 000 .
2. WDM.

WDM
. . .
,
. , , , WDM- , WDM .
,
, WDM
, 32 000 .
256 000 ./2 = 128 000 .
128 000 ./4 = 32 000 .

,

.
, ,

32 000 . ,
WD .
WD-
,
,
.
, WDM ,

. ,
,
. 5 WDM-

.
WDM
,

.

,
WDM-. . 5. DWDM

WDM--
17
,

, , .

5060 .
2 8-
. , ,
.
70 10 .

DWDM- .
, ,
-
.
. ,
.
2. WDM

,
WDM
, , , , , .
, , ,

.
WDM,
? ?
(,
..) ,
. -
18
, . .
, : .

.
.
. , - , .
, , :
(
);
/ (
) ;
/
SDH;
/ .
, /
, ,
, .

, ,
.
,
SDH .

, ,
, .
, .
.

,
.

.

, , ,
.
/ .

. , ,
.

, .

. ,

,
.
, . . , , ,

.
,
.

, . , .
. ,

.
SDH

, . , ,

,
SDH, , , -
.
SDH
SDH .
()

WDM-
.
,
SDH, ,
.

, , 155 /,
622 /, 2,5 10 /
. WDM,
IP, ATM Ethernet WDM-.

DWDM-.
7
,

;

()
$$$$$
$$$
$$
/
$$$$$
&&&&&
&&&&
&&
&&&
#####
####
##
@@@@@
@@@
@@
%%%%
%%%
%%

.
, , WDM-,
, .
.
. 6. DWDM
.
, .
,
,
, SDH, .
,
,
.
, , WDM-,
WDM-
,
WDM:

;
, ;

;
:

.
WDM- ?
WDM .
.

CWDM (Coarse Wavelength
Division Multiplexer) , 20
,
DWDM
(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer), 0,40,8 .
CWDM DWDM , . ,
DWDM CWD. , ,
, .
1. .. :

// Lightwave Russian Edition,
2004, 1, . 1821.
2. Optical WDM networks. Principal and prac
tice, edited by Sivalingam K.M., Subramaniam
S., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
3. ..
// Lightwave
Russian Edition, 2003, 2.
19
WDM

CWDM

.. ,
...., . ,
. . .. ,
.. ,
,
,

.
wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
20 () [1,4].
(), , , .
( 45.286-2002)
-
(-).

, . 1

.
(Coarse
Wavelength Division Multiplexing, CWDM) ,
20 ( 25 ). ,
(DWDM).
WDM
CWDM ,
20
CWDM,
(Coarse WDM,
)
DWDM,
(Dense WDM,
)
HDWDM,
(High density WDM,
)

()
20 25
<1,6
<0,4
(200 , 100 , 50 ) (25 , 12,5 )
O,E,S,C L
S,C L
CL
18

( )
ITUT G.694.2,
:
O , (Original, 1260 1360 );
E (Extended, 1360 1460 );
S (Short wavelength, 1460 1530 );
C , (Conventional, 1530 1570 );
L (Long wavelength, 1570 1625 )
( ). CWDM- 18 , . DWDM- CWDM- ,

, .
CWDM
, .

SDH/ATM/IP/FR CWDM.
CWDM

.

, -
WDM
.
, CWDM .

WDM 1980-
1990- CWDM 25

.
(850 )
(1310 ) [3].
1990- , (EDFA,
Erbium doped fiber amplifier),
DWDM. , EDFA
1525 1565 ,
DWDM-

. DWDM 50 ( 0,4 ) 100 (
0,8 )
() 1998 ITU-T G.692.
: L (longwavelength, ) (1570
1625 ), (conventional, ) (1530 1570 ) S (shortwavelength,
) (1460 1530
). - 0,4
100 , 2,5 10 /

250 1000 /.
DWDM , . , NEC 273 40 /
117 ,
,
, 10,920 /.

. 1979
10 ~1,3 [4],
1982
,
10 [5]. , 1018 .
.

, ,
. .
DWDM,
.
, ,
. CWDM .

CWDM ?
-, 5080 ,
, ,

.
-,
, .. , -
(Ethernet, ATM, FR)

.
-,
,
.
CWDM

2002 ,
DWDM CWDM:
ITU-T G.694.1,
DWDM [2], ITU-T
G.694.2,
CWDM [3].
ITU-T G.694.2 CWDM , S, L O (original, ) 12601360
E (extensive, ) 13601460 .

1260 1625 , 18 20 .
2
. . 1
.
2003 ITU-T G.695 [8], CWDM,
,
, .
1,25 / (ITU-T G.694.2 2,5 /),
2
, ITU-T G.694.2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
, 1270 1290 1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610
. 1. G. 694.2
21
WDM

Gigabit Ethernet CWDM [9].
CWDM

,

5080 , CWDM-

.

(DFB, Distributed Feedback), CWDM-, , , ,
. DFB-
0,080,12 /0, 68
0700. DWDM
0,8 ,
CWDM .
1 , 0,2 .
5070
BER 1015 [10]. , ,
1 ( ,
DWDM
10 ) [11].
CWDM- (VCSEL,
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser).
,
50
850/1310 2,5 /.
15001610
(Long Wave-VCSEL, LW-VCSEL) - ,
.

,
. CWDM
,
, 2,5 /,
22

.
CWDM
8
, , 10 ,
23 DWDM.
,
- .
CWDM-
[13,14],
.

, .
, , CWDM- , , .
(TFF, Thin Film
Filter). , ,
, 1 ( ,
.
2,5 8- ).

, ()
, . 2.
30 , . 2, 0,002 /, WDM

0,07 35 [12].

20

,

DWDM-
( 50 150
),
. 2.
, . 1383 ,

23 . CWDM,
G.694.2, DWDM-.
8 14701610 .
,
12601360 , . 18 (

). (ZWPF, Zero Water Peak
Fiber; LWPF, Low Water Peak Fiber), 5

WDM
19" ,
(1,2
)
1,0
482 200 44 ,
0,8

0,6
0,31 /

0,4
[16]. 32-ZWPF
DWDM 0,2

0,0
(,
1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
) 482 300
400 ,
. 3
ITUT G.694.2
ZWPF

[17]. ITU-T G.652.C. DWDM

,
1383 0,31 /,
[18].
CWDM.
CWDM- 3050 ,
. 3
DWDM- 300500 .
ITU-T G.694.2
. 4
CWDM
.
DWDM.

18, 16
,
,

1310
. CWDM
[15]. (unit)* , DWDM- 2,5 /
.
16 40 /
DWDM- (162,5 /).

,
, 1270 1610 ,
Full-spectrum CWDM (FS-CWDM).
, , /

CWDM
, CWDM-
.
, , .
CWDM
DWDM,
CWDM .
8- CWDM ,
* 1 unit = 44,45
. ,
.
3 , -
.4.
CWDM DWDM
DWDM CWDM
.

DWDM-, :
;
;
;
,
CWDM- , /;

-
3
DWDM CWDM
CWDM
DWDM
482 200 44
482 300 400
3050
300500
(
)
,
23
WDM
. 5. CWDM DWDM
.
. ,
CWDM- ,
. ,
1618
, ,
,
.

CWDM.
,
/ .
/, ,
.
DWDM, CWDM

/ (OADM, optical add-drop multiplexer)
(OXC, optical cross connector).
, .. -
24
. , , . , CWDM, 15 DWDM 0,8 ,

8- CWDM- 120 [19]. , CWDM-
DWDM [20,21,22], 8- 64 . . 5
CWDM- DWDM-.
, . CWDM
, , ,

.
1. .., ..

// ,
1983, 10, . 245264.
2. 45.286 2002,

. .
3. CWDM, Technology, Standards,
Economics & Applications, white papers of
RBN Inc, 2002. www.rbni.com
4. .., ..,
.. .

1,3 // ,
1979, 6, . 24872490.
5. .., ..,
.. .

1,3 // , 1982,
9, . 16981700.
6. ITUT Recommendation G.694.1 Spectral
Grids for WDM application DWDM Frequency
Grid, May 2002.
7. ITUT Recommendation G.694.2 Spectral
Grids for WDM application CWDM Wavelength
Grid, Jun 2002.
8. ITUT Recommendation G.695 Optical
interfaces for coarse wavelength division multi
plexing applications, Nov 2003.
9. Light Reading News, CWDM Gets a
Boost, 05.11.2003, www.lightreading.com
10. Don Kim, Andrew Coombe, Michael
Kunigonis, Mark Lundergan, Seung Oh,
Richard Vodhanel, 16channel coarse wave
length division multiplexing transmission over
70 km of low water peak fiber with 40 Gb/s
aggregate capacity, Corning incorporated,
Science and Technology Division, 2002.
11. Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
(CWDM): Innovations for the MetroAccess and
Enterprise, white papers of Sorrento
Networks, 2002. www.sorrentonet.com
12. Characteristics of CWDM, white papers
of RBN Inc, 2002. www.rbni.com
13. McMullin J.N, DeCorby R.G., Haugen C.LJ.
Theory and Simulation of a Concave Difraction
Grating Demultiplexer for Coarse WDM
Systems // Jnl of Lightwave Technology, vol.
20, No 4, pp.758765, April 2002.
14. Planar Device Boosts GratingsBased
WDM Performance, Photonics Spectra, vol.
36, No12, p.33, December 2002.
15. Das S.K., Mysore S.M., Villa R. A., Thomas
J.J., Thiele H.J., Jiao L. and Nelsen L.E. 40 Gb/s
(16x2.5Gb/s) full spectrum Coarse WDM trans
mission over 75 km Low Water Peak Fiber for low
cost metro and cable TV applications, OFS, 2002.
16. Alcatel 1692 Metro Span Edge (8Channel
Metropolitan CWDM System), www.alcatel.com
17. Alcatel 1686 WM Wavelength Multiplexer
32channel DWDM System, www.alcatel.com
18. Lucent Technologies, LambdaXtreme
Transport, www.lucent.com
19. Aldridge Jim . The best of both worlds //
Lightwave Europe, September, 2002, pp.4547.
20. Finisar Corporation, CWDM Mux/demux,
www.finisar.com
21. ADVA Optical Networking, FSP 2000,
www.advaoptical.com
22. Transmode Systems AB, CWDM
Mux/demux, www.transmode.se
WDM
PON
2. ETHERNET
.. , .. , ..,
, info@tt.ru
PON.
APON.
EPON (Ethernet PON).
IEEE 802.3.
EPON?
(PON)
,

.
1995
FSAN (full service access network),
,
ATM [1]. ATM ,
(QoS), , .
Ethernet,
.
,
Ethernet
.
Ethernet
CSMA/CD (Carrier sense multiple access with
collision detection), [2].
Ethernet
. -,
, 10 /, . 1. -,
Full Duplex Ethernet
,

. Gigabit
Ethernet,
10 Gigabit Ethernet. , Ethernet,
,
, .
Ethernet
, :
Ethernet PON
Ethernet?
APON GPON
EPON (Ethernet PON)
IEEE 802.3?!
2000 EFM
IEEE 802.3,
. -,

, :
IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN)
;
DiffServ (differential services)
OSI ISO,
,
QoS;
MPLS (multi protocol label switching)

, .
Ethernet
.
Ethernet
. ,
95%

320 .
. 1. Ethernet
Ethernet [3]. Ethernet -
25
WDM
IEEE 802.3
1.1
10BASE-FL
IEEE 802.3u
2.1
100BASE-FX
IEEE 802.3z
(/)
TX
()
RX
()
()
ONT/OLT1
10
02
2 / MMF2
850 LED
850
9,0
ONT/OLT
100
02
2 / MMF
1300 LED
1300
11,0
00,22
2 / MMF
8503
850
7,5
00,22 (0,55)
2 / MMF
1310
1310
3.1
1000BASE-SX
ONT/OLT
1000
3.2
1000BASE-LX
ONT/OLT
1000
()
05
2 / SMF4
7,5
8,0
IEEE 802.3ae
4.1
10GBASE-S
ONT/OLT
10 000
00,3
2 / MMF
850/1310
850
7,3
4.2
10GBASE-L
ONT/OLT
10 000
010
2 / SMF
1310
1310
9,4
4.3
10GBASE-E
ONT/OLT
10 000
040
2 / SMF
1550
1310
15,0
ONT/OLT
100
010
2 / SMF
1310
1310
10,0
1490
1310
/ ()6
1310
1490
14,2 ()6
1310
1310
1490
1310
/ ()
1310
1490
14,2 ()
1490 (1550)
1310
21,0 ()
1310
1490 (1550)
23,0 ()
1490 (1550)
1310
26,0 ()
1310
1490 (1550)
26,0 ()
5
5.1
IEEE 802.3ah P2P

100BASE-LX10
100BASE-BX10-D
OLT
5.2
100
100BASE-BX10-U
5.3
1000BASE-LX10
ONT/OLT
1000BASE-BX10-D
010
2 / SMF
00,55
2 / MMF
010
1 / SMF Bi-Di
1000
OLT
1000
1000BASE-BX10-U
ONT
10,0
IEEE 802.3ah P2MP (PON)

1000BASE-PX10-D
OLT
6.1
1000
1000BASE-PX10-U
ONT
1000BASE-PX20-D
OLT
6.2
1000
1000BASE-PX20-U
010
020
1 / SMF Bi-Di
1 / SMF Bi-Di
ONT
:
1 ;
2 50/125 62,5/125 ;
3 .. 36 ;
4 ITU G.652c/d ( )
ITU G.652;
(Ethernet in the first mile) Ethernet , IEEE

803.3ah [4]. 2001
EFMA (Ethernet in the
first mile alliance Ethernet ), ,
,

EFM [5], . 1
.
26
1 / SMF Bi-Di
ONT
5.4
6
010
5 Bi-Di (bidirectional)
. : 1490
1310 ; 1310 1490 .
6 OLT (TX) ONT (RX), ONT (TX) OLT (RX)
EFM 802.3ah
EFM 802.3ah
:
EFMC (EFM copper)
. G.SHDSL;
EFMF (EFM fiber) ,
- :

, ;
EFMP (EFM PON) , EPON, - . , , APON

GPON.
802.3ah, EFMP, , 2004 .
WDM

Ethernet
1
Ethernet.
.
14 . 5, 6 IEEE
802.3ah EFMF (P2P) EFMP (EPON), . 1.
EFMF (P2P)
, EFMF, ,
100 /
, FDDI
Fast Ethernet 100Base-FX,
1 / Fibre
Channel FC-0 FC-1.

.
, ,
/ .
(510 ) [6].
100Base-FX
1000Base-LX 5 ,
EFMF 10 .
IEEE 802.3ah
1 /
8B/10B
WDM :
1490 (1550 )
1310
BER 1012
FEC ,

PON:
1 1000BASEPX10D OLT 1000BASEPX10U ONT
2 1000BASEPX20D OLT 1000BASEPX20U ONT
:
EPON 1 / 21/23
EPON 2 / 26/26
( OLT ONT):
EPON 1 10
EPON 2 20

PON . EPON,
DFB- -,
PIN .

.

EPON
, PON -
Ethernet ,
APON.

EPON
Ethernet IEEE 802.3.
EPON APON (. 1). EPON
OLT (optical
line terminal), ONT*
(optical network terminal) , . 2.
* ONT
ONU (optical
network unit).
a)
EFMP (EPON)
EPON , . Gigabit Ethernet, EPON
1250 / 8B/10B.
EPON
, WDM 1490
1310 . 1550
( ).
EPON PMD (physical medium
dependent) : 1
( 10 1:16)
2 ( 20
1:16). -
. 2. EPON
27
WDM

() OLT Ethernet 802.3, 1xN
ONT, . 2.
1550
1490 , 1. , , 1490 ,
1550
. Ethernet ,

MAC- .

()
ONT
1310 , . 2.
, ONT, OLT. ,
EPON -.
- EPON , ,

ONT. EPON,
PON,
OLT ONT
, ONT,
.
EPON (
ONT)
CSMA/CD
. .
-,
Gigabit Ethernet
, EPON
20 . CSMA/CD, , ,
.
-, , CSMA/CD,

TDM- (, ), ,
QoS .
28
, , .. , .
MPCP, . ,
,
OLT ONT
EPON.
ONT

OLT.

(-). -,

OLT, Ethernet, . 2. ,

-, ONT , .

,
(full duplex) Ethernet IEEE
802.3X, 64 ,

. Fast Ethernet (100BASE-FX/TX),

( Ethernet
10 /), (12 ),
(8 ) .
EPON . , Ethernet
EPON .
, . Ethernet, . 3, , . 3:
SOP (start of packet) 1 , .
, 4 .
LLID (logical link identificator) 2 , EPON. :
ONT ?
LLID
- -
EPON.
(unicast multicast).
15 EPON.
CRC (circle redundancy check)
1 , .
, 802.3
EPON EPON- ( P802.3ah).
EPON . , OLT
PON 802.3, ,
LLID. ONT,
. ONT
, ..
,
, LLID LLID.
EPON
Ethernet*:
DA (destination address) 6 ,
MAC- .

(unicast), (multicast)
(broadcast).
SA (source address) 6 , MAC- .
L/T (length/type) 2 ,
.
, .
PAD ()
.
FCS (frame check sequence) 4 , ,
,
.
EPON
(), . 3. 64 .

EPON . :
L/T 2 ,
08809.
EPON
.
* EPON
IEEE 802.1Q.
WDM
T0, OLT.
3. ONT
GATE. ONT GATE,
( TS, . 3)
T0
.
4. ONT
T1, ONT REPORT.
REPORT MAC- ONT
T1.
5. T2 OLT
REPORT ONT, MAC- T1
, . 4.
. 3. Ethernet EPON
opcode (optional code) 2 ,

. ,
: GATE, OLT, REPORT, ONT.
TS (time stamp) 4 ,
.
message 40 ,
, MPCP.
MPCP

IEEE 802.3ah MPCP (multi-point
control protocol).
(): GATE REPORT. GATE
OLT ONT.
, ,
.. ONT OLT REPORT, .
REPORT OLT .
MPCP :
()
.

. , OLT
ONT.
RTT = (T2 T0) (T1 T0) = T2 T1
LLID ONT, RTT (round trip

time) ONT
. .

1. OLT ( OLT T1 + RTTmin) T,
. OLT
,
ONT, .. OLT

. T
RTTmax RTTmin + TREPORT,
RTT

OLT-ONT-OLT, . 4,
TREPORT
REPORT.
2. OLT T0 GATE,
.
GATE T1 REPORT.
MAC, OLT MPCP
TS -

ONT REPORT GATE,
. ONT, REPORT , . ONT , ? ONT
,
- , , ,
,
GATE.

,
. ,
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD.
6. , OLT GATE- MAC- ONT
LLID. ( LLID , EPON
2 .)
7. GATE, ONT
.

, MPCP
ONT. MPCP -
29
WDM

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet.

CSMA/CD.

. 4.
Ethernet
RTT ONT
,

ONT OLT Ethernet, . .

DBA (dynamic bandwidth alloca tion) .
, 1. OLT DBA
-
MPCP GATE-
ONT :

, ONT
802.3x. ,
, .
,
2. MPCP

OLT
ONT , ,
GATE-.
.
3. ONT, GATE (uni
cast), , ,
,
. , OLT , ONT .
RTT
EPON
. ONT OLT, GATE-
Ethernet

, . , ONT , . , , .
CSMA/CD,
Ethernet 4. , .
, ONT,
10 Gigabit Ethernet ,

. .

Ethernet. .
, Ethernet , 2 -, .
P2PE (point-to-point emulation), -
30
SME (shared-medium emulation).

EPON
,

- . MAC
802.3.
Ethernet c LLID
, . 3.

- P2PE
OLT N LLID ( ONT) MAC- ,
ONT. PON.
OLT ONT.
802.3 OLT ONT, . 5.
P2PE OLT
LLID (
unicast), ONT,
MAC- .
PON ONT, ONT,
LLID
, MAC . MAC OLT ,
.
EPON OLT ONT.
ONT OLT. ONT, ,
( ) LLID unicast.
P2PE OLT, LLID, MAC-, LLID, . 5.
ONT ONT. ONT ONT
OLT. 2 , P2PE ONT, . 5.
WDM

SME ,
(OLT ONT), .
OLT ONT. OLT
LLID,
MAC ONT, . 6.
ONT OLT, ONT.
SME ,
SME OLT
(), ONT, . 6. , .. ONT,
,
MAC,
. SME,
LLID, ,
, ,
LLID .
P2PE SME

. ,
P2PE N
( ONT),
ONT. ,
, ,

EPON
, N unicast
.
SME, ,
.

,
.
,
EPON , . 7.
EPON (c N ONT)
N+1
MAC-: ONT ( P2PE)
. ONT
MAC-, -
.
, -
a)
. 5.
(
MAC) ,
.
, IEEE 802.1D
IEEE 802.1Q/p.
2
OLT.
a)
. 6.
EPON

OLT 13 ONT , 2.

, GATE REPORT. ONT
(20

32 ) .
OLT OLT . OLT, . GATE
ONT
,
ONT

REPORT
.
OLT
. 7. P2PE SME

ONT . -
31
WDM
, ,
.
RTT ONT
(20 )
0,2 . OLT 0,02% (0,2/1c).

, ,
,
, ( , ), .

Ethernet EPON 2
EPON
Ethernet ( ), 1526
12
,
GATE ( ), 72
32 ONT , 32 x 0,6
13
0,6
20

RTTmax, 20
200
( )
(),
ONT, 2 GATE

EPON QoS
EPON : , ,
. EPON, Ethernet, IP-, Ethernet ,
Internet.
.
APON

APON Ethernet. ,
Ethernet
ATM ,
ATM- . ATM-.
ATM.
Ethernet 64 1518 , .
-
Ethernet
13% [7].
, -
32
< 2%
> 1
>200,6
1,2
0,02%

APON. , EPON
(jitter), ,
, , ATM. EPON 20 2 ,
SDH.

EPON [8].

,
,

EPON. ,
Ethernet , .
,
EPON IP,
E1.
APON
, -
622 /c APON 1 /
EPON, APON
.
ATM
.
APON , Ethernet
. ATM Ethernet
[3].
EPON. EPON

,
.
EPON,
Ethernet - ,
.

( )
.
1. ITUT Rec. G.983.1, Study Group 15,

Broadband Optical Access Systems based on
Passive Optical Networks (PON), Oct., 1998.
2. Part 3:Carrier sense multiple access with
collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method
and physical layer specifications IEEE Std
802.3, 2000 Edition, pp.11554
3. Kramer G., Mukherjee B., Maislos A.
Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON).
http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~kramer/publica
tions.html
4. IEEE 802.3ah Working Group,
http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/
5. EFM Alliance, www.efmalliance.org
6. Gagnaire M. Broadband local loops for high
speed Internet access. Artech House, 2003,
p. 419.
7. Claffy K., Miller G., Thompson K. The nature
of the beast: Recent traffic measurements from
an internet backbone, in Proceedings INET 98,
(Geneva, Switzerland), July 1998.
http://www.isoc.org/inet98/proceedings/6g/
6g3.htm
8. Pesavento G. Ethernet Passive Optical
Network (EPON) architecture for broadband
access // Optical Network Magazine, 2003,
January/February.

.. , ...,
,
rtcom@ssktb.ru

, , .
.
: , , , , .

-
().
,
[1] , , - . , ,

.

.

, ,

. , ,
.
, ,

, . . ,
,
,
.

,
.

.

-

. , 1996

.
180 ,
. -

, , 2 .
,
( 800 . . )
(

).
: -

,
.
.

.

(

).
,

,
. ,

33
;
-;

;

;
;

.

,

. 110
(-).
. 1.
.
,
.

- , .
-

. , ,

.
.
-
34
.
-
,
, ,

:

;
;
;

-;

;

;
, ;

;

;

;
-

,
,
-,
.

,

.

,
-. .
-
, .
, , ( -, ,
, ,
, , , ,
),
,
, , ,
.

-
(), , :
, , , ,
- .

-,
,
-,
-, -.

.
, , ,
, , , , , ,
.
-
. 2.
, - , 20
,

.

,

,
.

-

.

:

.

, , ,

10 .

.
.
,
.

,
.

-.

:

t 10 ;
35
100 m 0,094;

13 900 0,985;
670 ;

100 l
0,99989.
,

-.

, , , ,
-
-. , - .
-. ,
-
,
,
-.
,

.

- .

-,

36
. 3.
.
.

- . , , , .
, ,
,
,
.
-
,

-.
.

, -
.
.
.

-
.

, , .
-
.
()
- --
.

- .

,

.
.
, ,
.
:
9002;
;

;

;
;
.
[2].
,
,
.
100- , , . .
.

, : ,
, .
- :
- ;

;

;
,
-;

;

;
;
;
:
;
;

,
;
;
-
;
;
;
.
.
-
,
, : ,
, ,
.
, -

-
-
.

- , .
, -
, . ,
.

.

,
.

,

.
1. .
// ,
18 2004 ., .13.
2. ..
//
Lightwave. Russion Edition, 2003, 2, c. 3537.
37
,

, (Francis Audet), EXFO,
Email: francis. audet@exfo.com

. ,

. ,
10 / (OC-192, STM-64), 40 (OC-768, STM-256)
.
() .
. 10- , , .
, 19961997

- .
, , , ,
, .

()
. , , ,
10 /.
40 /?
?
, ,
2,5 / (OC-48, STM-16),
. , , - .
38
, , . (, )
,
.
?
,
,
.
.

,

( ) . ,
,
. ,
.
, .
*
, . (),
/1/2.
- , ,
,
.
* , ,

.
, - .
, ,
1-0-1, , ,
.
0.5-0.5-0.5...
(BER) . , , ,
BER.
, .
, ,

(BER),

. 10 /
1/10 / = 0,1 / = 100 /.

1/10 10 , 0,5 /1/2
400 .
?
. -, :
,
(). -,
,

(, ..)

. ,
, (- ). ,
,
-. -
. 1.

, ,

. 2.
, ,
.

BER.

(/)
()
2,5
OC-48 STM-16
40
10
OC-192 STM-64
10
40
OC-768 STM-256
2,5
,
.

.

, ,
. -
, ,
.

0,06 ,
. 200
. (
)
. ,

. ,
1980- ,
,
.
,
. ,
, .
, , .

.
.
, : TINTY
GINTY
.
:

, , ,
TIA-FOTP-124,
.
. -
, , , .
, FOTP-124,
TINTY, , , . : , ,
, ,
, ,

, .

, TINTY . -
, ,
.
?

TINTY, FOTP124, .

, ,
. , ,
.
,
, ,

. ,
, .

,
.

. FOTP-124, 6.2: 6.2.
. .
39
. 3. ,
TINTY

, . OADM
-
.

FOTP-124-A,

2004 ,

(GINTY), TINTY
. ,
. , ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
, .
,

, ,
. , . , ,
.
. 4.
.
,
,
, , ,
, , .
,
,
.
.
(
) . . ()
(
) ( ).
.

, . ,
.
40
. 4
:

( ) , . ,
(
) 10 .
TINTY 7,5 ,
.. 25%. ( .)

,

10 /,
.
. ,

,
(Gaussian Complaiance Factor), .
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
.

.
. - ,
, .

.
,
.
,

.
, .

,

(DAVID KRITLER),
Photon Kinetics Email: dave.kritler@pkinetics.com
IEEE 802.3ae 10- Ethernet ,

(VCSEL) 850 . , ,
,
(DMD).
DMD
, .

.
IEEE
802.3z Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ,
()
, ,
-, . , , ,
-
().

-
, ( ). -

,
,
:
. ,
. , IEEE GbE
-.
2000 -

(TIA) (IEC)

.
-,
-
VCSEL,

-. -,
-,
, GbE, (RML) -.
RML ,

VCSEL -.

-
.
, -

IEEE GbE.
,
TIA IEC, 10- Ethernet 10-GbE IEEE 802.3ae.
, ,
10 /, , 300 ,

, 1GbE.
, , , 62,5
FDDI
50 ,
ISO/IEC 11801
,
.
-,

,
850 .
, Infineon Technologies
( ),

1300
10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
-
300 . . // Lightwave
.
41
RML
, 10 / 300
.
- , , ,
. , DMD DMD
.
DMD?
, .
,
() . DMD
-.
. 1 DMD.

.

. DMD ,
.
, , DMD,
. -
DMD - . 2.
.

50 .
, DMD
,
DMD ,

15
:

;

, 850 50- -
- 10GbE
;

DMD ,

-
;
10GbE .
TIA IEC

- DMD (TIA FOTP-220 IEC

60793-1-49), - - DMD:

( ()
. 1.
. DMD
,
. .
, ,

DMD :
DMD
, % ,
- ..).
;
, DMD . - ( <110% DMD) ,
DMD;
DMD . 2. ,
.

DMD
5 ,
, .
,
42
DMD;

/ ,
50 850 2,5 /.

-
(Ti:Sapphire)

(DFB-). ,
850 ,
,
;
(VCSEL),
, ( ) , .
,
:

1 ;

<1 ;
<2
<0,5 .
-

, (. 3).

,
, DMD.
, ,
- ,
10GbE, : , , , ? ,
, ,
- , ,
,
, , , . , - DMD , , 850 ,

.
,
DMD,

,
, ,
, :

;
. 3.

,

,
;

,
( 24/7) , ;
,
;
, ;
;
,
, ;
, .
, DMD ,

DMD , ,
,
.

DMD, , :

- .

, , ,
.
,
, -

,
,
,
IEEE 10GbE.
: D. Kritler
Laseroptimized' multimode fiber
presents standardizedtesting challenges,
Lightwave, September, 2003
43

-
(PCF)

. 1.

. PCF ( 2000 ),
.

. (175 ).
,
PCF, , ,
. .
.1.
: ; ,
.

CWDM/DWDM
Lucent Technologies Metropolis Wavelength Services Manager (WSM), -, -, . Metropolis WSM, DWDM CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing),

, .
DWDM
CWDM .
, ,
plug-n-play, ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing)
,
.
44

.. ,
, mail: nolatech@mail. magelan.ru, http: www. nolatech. ru

[1-4].

InAlAs InGaAsInP 8401560 .
.

,
- [5].
InAlAs InGaAsInP - , P-InP n-GaAs,
8401560 [6].
- .1.
3 , 6001200 .
<0,5%. ,
-
, .

,
<0,5%.
1531 200300 ,

3040 , , .
G
P P
.
G = P / P .
- , , - - .
:
30 ;
20 ;

() 5 ;
0,125/0,032
/;
10 ;
- 6 ;

3580 .
.
. 1.

. 2.

14 pin DIL . 2.
-
FC/APC
.

840 , 1300 ,
1064 , 1550 ,
.
-

.
1. .
, .: ,1989.
2. , .., .. //
, 1992, 19, 7, . 674.
3. .. //
, 1992, 34, 40.
4. .. ,
Connect , 1999, .1, 8, . 8891.
5. (,
, ) / . ..
, .. , ., 2000.
6. .., . //
, 31, 6 (2001), . 529530.
45
Mini DP

FTTP

OFS
- Mini DP,

LightPack LXE, ,
.

.
Mini DP

Mini DP?
Mini DP - , , ,

(FTTP).

.

, .
Mini DP ,
. , ,
.
.

,

.

(HDPE), , ,

.
Mini DP
46

.

.

.
, .
.

.

~140 .

.
AllWave OFS.
:
2.
3,3 7,6 .
48 /.
400
+700.
150 .
440 /.

( )
46
89
116
1%

(WDM)
.. ,
.
(, , )
[1].

(1014 ).
. , - [24].
, , 10 /.
,
40 /, , -
[5].

40 /,

(OTDM) [6].

,
.

OTDM -

(WDM)
( 100 )

. . 1.
WDM

.
( ).
.

, .

.
-

.
.

, WDM .

,
, .

( ) . /,
.
, -

WDM- .
(. 2).
WDM-,
WDM
1980- , WDM- . 1.

,
, 1025 , ,

,
47
,
,
. ,
,

,
.
,
DWDM. WDM-
. 2. WDM
. . OADM
/, OC

. C,
(850 ) (1310 )
,
WDM (Coarse WDM). [7, 8].
, , SDH, ITU G.694.2 , , , ,
, WDM-.
.

WDM-, .
20
,
,
1270 1610 .
WDM-,
EDFA

1310 1550
15251565 , CWDM 2- 3-
50 .
.
.
WDM
WDM- ,
, DWDM

. , ,
= 100 ,
, , WDM 1550 1,52,5 , = 0,8 . DWDM-.
/ 50 (0,4 ) 25 12,5 .
. ,
.
50
WDM-
,

(

- DWDM ( 200 ),
, , -
),

WDM-
. WDM-
, .
DWDM-. DWDM
WDM 1650 1490 .
,
WDM- , ,
(PON) [9].
1990- , (EDFA,
Erbium doped fiber amplifier) [10, 11], ,
DWDM (Dense WDM).
. 3. DWDM CWDM
DWDM
-
48
..
.
WDM 1270
1610
18, .

WDM : DWDM
WDM.
. 3.
/
WDM
/ WDM-. /

.
. WDM , .

WDM- (FBT),
. .
FBT
(Fused Biconic Tapered) (. 4)
,

. , ,

, ,
,

. ,
, . ,
, 1
, 2
.

WDM-
, /

1310/1550 .
, 1550/1625 .

1625
.
. 4. WD
. 5.

DWDM CWDM
,
( )
.

,
.

.
. 6. ,
()
(). ,
().
,

, (. 5).

(. 6).

, ,
.
, .
49

CWDM, DWDM
32.
.

.
.

. 0

: 0 = 2n, n
.
/
(OADM)
DWDM
( 32 ),
DWDM,
()
,
- (OADM),

.

. OADM WDM- ,
. OADM
, ,

(. 8).

() 1, 2, 3 4
(),
DWDM CWDM.
, 1, 2, ... n.
50
. 7.
, , . i (. 8 ).
i
,
.

, . ,
32 .
DWDM-
. -

.
. .

. DWDM, , - KD , d

: KD = d /d.

,

.
,
500

.
. 8. / ( OADM)
() ,
(). OADM :
, , i
i
DWDM .
AWG (Arrayed Waveguide
Gratings), .

,
2.
.
DWDM
. 9.
. ,
.
DWDM

. AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Gratings).

, , . , ,
, . .
AWG , , - .
DWDM-
.
1012
20
1 .
DWDM- .
WDM

[3]
. ,
. 9. DWDM

,
,
DFB WDM-.
. ,
DWDM,
DWDM 0,05
DFB- ( ,
).
,

.
, .

. 100 ,

,
40 . ( 1,531,62 .

.)

. 10. AWG
51
. 11.

. .

DWDM- ,
. , .

.
DWDM- : ()
(Raman amplifiers). (
- ,
.)

80 (- L- )
[11]. ,
S-, ,
. (TDFA), .
1300 1600 .
52

:
, ( 100 ) (. 11);
;
.
CWDM-
, , (LOA), CWDM-.
1. .. //
, 2000, . 30, . 659.
2. ..
// Lightwave Russian
Edition, 2003, 1, . 4852.
3. .. //
Lightwave Russian Edition, 2003, 2, . 4851.
4. ..
// Lightwave
5. Weiershausen W. Will We Need 40G in
German WDM Networks? // ECOC_IOOC 2003
Proceedings, vol.5, pp. 8895, Rimini, 2003.
6. ..

// Lightwave Russian Edition,
2003, 2, . 4851.
7. .., ..

// ,
1983, 10, . 245264.
8. .. .

1,3 //
, 1982, 9, . 16981700.
9. .., ..
PON. 1.
// Lightwave Russian
Edition, 2004, 1, . 2228.
10. ..
EDFA // Lightwave Russian Edition,
2003, 1, . 2228.
11. .., ..
// Lightwave

. ..

1,5

.: (095) 939-15-14,
(095) 939-41-40
www.ofsoptics.com
www.optictelecom.ru
OFS
,
,
,
,

.
www.optel.ru
www.ericsson.com/networktechnologies
www.sko.com.ru
www.exfo.com
ERICSSON
EXFO

,

,
www.tt.ru
www.fod.ru
FOD
53
A: , 115035 ,
. , .77
. 2, . 1
.: +7 095 9516808
: +7 095 9535249
E-mail: sales@optictelecom.ru
: www.optictelecom.ru
A: , 480016 ,
. , .207, 301 303
.: +7 3272 682334
: +7 3272 507327
: , .
OFSOPTICS
A: , 111672 ,
/ 120
.: 7863497, 2733352
: 2341725, 2732955
E-mail: optel@optel.ru
: http://www.optel.ru
A: , 123100 ,
., 6,
/
.: +7 095 7852162
: +7 095 974 14 85
E-mail: amikilev@ofsoptics.com
: www.ofsoptics.com
www.ofssvs1.ru

, ,
,
,

.
.
FOD
A:
.:
:
E-mail:
:
, 129090 , / 48
+7 095 2909088
+7 095 2909085
info@fod.ru
www.fod.ru
-
(FOD) 1991 - - .
(, )

( , ).
FOD. : (OTDR), , ,
, ,

.

: Noyes Fiber
Systems ( AFL), Silicomp.
() .
54
A: , 7, 117997 ,
. , .84/32,
. 22, 27 30
.: +7 095 7875550
: +7 095 3333300
E-mail: info@tt.ru
: www.tt.ru

,
. 1994 .

.
OFS OFS (Optical Fiber

Solutions-- )
, , , . OFS, - Lucent
Technologies,

.
.
Lucent
Technologies Furukawa
Commscope 2001 .
OFS
. , . ,
,
, .
2001 .
OFS. 1998 . -
- -1 - .
EXFO
A: , 199106
, 40
.: +7 812 3297522
: +7 812 3297761
E-mail: sko@sp.ru, sko@inbox.ru
: www.sko.com.ru

.
A: Le Dynasteur 1012, rue Andras

Beck 92366 Meudon La Foret
Cedex FRANCE
.: +33 1 40 83 8585
: +33 1 40 83 0442
E-mail: info@exfo.com
: www.exfo.com
,
, .
&
TECHNICAL SALES :
?
,

, , it@kontakt.ru
,
. ,
,
.
,
, Technical Sales .
, ?
Technical Sales ,
.

. , ,
,

, ,
. ,
, . ,
, . , , , .

, .
-, , . Technical Sales
, , ,

-
. , , .
Technical Sales .
Technical Sales , ,

, , .
, Technical roject Manager,
Siemens: ,

.
. , .
, , , . ,

,
,
,
.
,
, Technical
Sales . ,
. , . Technical Sales , ROI ,

.
. , ,
Corning:
Technical Sales
, . , . ,
, . Technical Sales , ,

.
,
. , .
?

. :
, , , ,
, , . , ,
, .
.
.

, ,
Technical Sales ,
. , - , - .
- , .

.
55
&
Technical Sales
.
?

, .

,
. , . : . , ,
,
.
.
Technical Sales
.
-, , .
,

. : ,
.
.
-, .
,
, , .
,
.
,
. , .

. - .
,

. ,
, .
, -
56

.
Technical Sales , , .
job description , product evangelism, . , .
. , .
Technical
Sales

. , ,
,
. : .
, .
, .

, ,
,
, , , , .
, ,
, ,
. ,
:
Technical
Sales .

.
, ,
,
,
, , . -
,
. ,
,
, , .

, Technical
Sales ,
. ,
.
:
.
, , .
. ,
.
.
, .
,
,
.
, , ,
,
,
.
.
,
, .
, . .
,
. ,
,
.
. , . ,
- .

Lightwave 2004 02

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Lightwave 2004 02

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

Lightwave Russian Edition

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 1 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

OlenCom Electronics, Huawei Technologies.

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

1. Fevrier S. et al. 517 m 2 Effective Area SingeMode Bragg Fibre.

Lightwave Russian Edition

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

1. Sakamoto A. et al. Novel Fabrication Method for Dispersion

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

1. Wree C. et al., High spectral efficiency 1.6

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

, , WDM (Wavelength Division

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

( ). CWDM- 18 , . DWDM- CWDM- ,

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

(Ethernet, ATM, FR)

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

482  300  400

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

. , , . , CWDM, 15 DWDM 0,8 ,

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

IEEE 802.3ah P2P

IEEE 802.3ah P2MP (PON)

(Ethernet in the first mile) Ethernet , IEEE

EFMP (EFM PON) , EPON, - . , , APON

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

opcode (optional code) 2 ,

RTT = (T2 T0) (T1 T0) = T2 T1

LLID ONT, RTT (round trip

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

SME (shared-medium emulation).

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

1. ITUT Rec. G.983.1, Study Group 15,

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

IEEE 802.3ae 10- Ethernet ,

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

LIGHTWAVE russian edition 2 2004

1. Fevrier S. et al. 517 m 2 Effective Area SingeMode Bragg Fibre.

1. Wree C. et al., High spectral efficiency 1.6

482 300 400

1. ITUT Rec. G.983.1, Study Group 15,

A: Le Dynasteur 1012, rue Andras