!"#$%&$!'(%)*+,(-$.

/0$ R

012<$T+#:$'<$T+#:$T%*7;#($[$6373"73:=($I%7M(=##+$$ $ G=#-#4555555555555555555555555555$
2,$*-.'8<!=#6-!.*!6)*'+,-.*/!68>!?#6-!/6@$*!68!6)*'+,-$!/'8645#A!B.C$!$96/D+$*!(4'/!;',4!8'-$*!68>!-#$!*',45$*!-'!>$(.8$!6)*'+,-.*/E!
:5$864.'<!G=#$&%))%@,?"$K*#(+,%?$3?8$8%;*-#?+\(]$;%-#$&7%-$;%-:)#+#$./0$'3(#8$%?$+=#$K*#(+,%?$3'%>#A$$!&+#7$7#>,#@,?"$+=#$
8%;*-#?+(D$+=#$+=#(,($(+3+#-#?+$'#)%@$@3($;%?(+7*;+#8$'3(#8$%?$;%?+#?+$&7%-$3))$%&$+=#$8%;*-#?+($:7%>,8#8A$$G=#$&%))%@,?"$
8%;*-#?+($:7#(#?+$,?&%7-3+,%?$+=3+$;3?$'#$*(#8$+%$8#>#)%:$%?#$%&$+=#$-3,?$7#3(%?($+=3+$8#&#?8($%7$(*::%7+($+=#$:7%>,8#8$+=#(,(A!!!

Thesis:
$
.,7#;+,%?(4!F#38$#3;=$%&$+=#$8%;*-#?+($;37#&*))<A$$/#",?$'<$7#38,?"$+=#$;%?+#Q+$&%7$+=#$8%;*-#?+A$$G=#?D$7#38$+=#$
"*,8,?"$K*#(+,%?($+=3+$&%))%@$+=#$8%;*-#?+A$$!($<%*$7#38$+=#$8%;*-#?+D$=,"=),"=+$M#<$@%78($+=3+$3?(@#7$+=#$K*#(+,%?A$$
E,))$%*+$+=#$8%;*-#?+$:7%&,)#$'%Q$+%$8#+#7-,?#$=%@$+=,($8%;*-#?+$;3?$'#$*(#8$,?$<%*7$:3:#7A$
$
0'5,/$8-!F! :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
+=
G=,($,($3?$#Q;#7:+$&7%-$!"#$%&'()#*$@7,++#?$'<$Z3;=,3>#)),$\1Y $O#?+*7<]A$ :D$6@$445555555555555555555555
$ 55555555555555555555555555555$
E%7$3))$-#?$,?$"#?#73)$+=,($%'(#7>3+,%?$-3<$'#$-38#4$+=#<$37#$ $
*?"73+#&*)D$&,;M)#D$3?8$8#;#,+&*)D$#3"#7$+%$3>%,8$83?"#7(D$3?8$3>,8$&%7$ $ ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
"3,?D$3?8$@=,)#$<%*$37#$*(#&*)$+%$+=#-$+=#<$37#$3))$@,+=$<%*D$'*+$@=#?$ O%*:)3?8D$:%,?+($%*+$+=#$(%;,3)$3?8$
! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
,+$c83?"#7d$3::7%3;=#($+=#<$+*7?$%?$<%*A$!?<$:7,?;#D$+7*(+,?"$%?)<$,?$ #;%?%-,;$,-:3;+$%&$,-:#7,3),(-$%?$
"'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
+=#,7$@%7M($3?8$=3>,?"$?%$%+=#7$:7#:373+,%?($-38#D$@,))$&3))$+%$7*,?D$&%7$ H?8,3A$
&7,#?8(=,:($+=3+$37#$'%*"=+$3+$3$:7,;#$3?8$?%+$'<$"7#3+?#(($3?8$?%',),+<$ $ $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
%&$(%*)$37#$:3,8$&%7$,?8##8D$'*+$+=#<$37#$?%+$%@?#8$3?8$;3??%+$'#$ $
L'*.-.'8!'8!%)*'+,-.*/<!
;3))#8$*:%?$,?$+,-#$%&$?##8A$Z#?$=3>#$)#(($=#(,+3+,%?$,?$%&&#?8,?"$3$ $
$! 6%(,+,>#$$ !$ 2#"3+,>#$
-3?$@=%$,($)%>#8$+=3?$%?#$@=%$,($&#37#8D$&%7$)%>#$,($=#)8$'<$3$'%?8$%&$
%'),"3+,%?$@=,;=D$3($-#?$37#$@,;M#8D$,($'7%M#?$@=#?#>#7$:#7(%?3)$ $ I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
38>3?+3"#$(*""#(+($,+D$'*+$&#37$,($3;;%-:3?,#8$'<$+=#$87#38$%&$ $ ! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
:*?,(=-#?+D$@=,;=$?#>#7$7#)3Q#($ 1$
A$ $
A$$
1A$I=3+$+<:#$%&$7*)#7$-*(+$+=#$:7,?;#$'#D$3?8$@=<$,($,+$?#;#((37<$&%7$=,-$+%$7*)#$,?$+=,($-3??#7J$
$
$
$
!
0'5,/$8-!G!
G=#(#$,8#3($@#7#$#Q:7#((#8$'<$^,?"$_3-#($H$%&$C?")3?8$,?$1`ab$
:HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
$
:D$6@$445555555555555555555555
$The state of monarchy is the supreme thing upon earth; for kings
are not only God’s lieutenants on earth, and sit upon $ God’s 55555555555555555555555555555$
$throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods... Kings are ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
$justly called gods, for that they exercise a... divine power upon
earth... God hath power to create and destroy, make or unmake ! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
$
at His pleasure, to give life or sent death, to judge all and to be "'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
$
judged nor accountable to none, to raise low things and to make
$high things low at His pleasure... And the like power have kings…$ $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$
L'*.-.'8!'8!%)*'+,-.*/<!
1A I=3+$,8#3$8%#($^,?"$_3-#($8#(;7,'#$,?$+=,($8%;*-#?+$3?8$@=<$8%#($=#$$
E##)$"%>#7?-#?+$(=%*)8$'#$%7"3?,L#8$,?$+=,($@3<J$ $! 6%(,+,>#$$ ! 2#"3+,>#$
$ I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$
! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
$
 !"#$%&$!'(%)*+,(-$./0$ U

$
0'5,/$8-!P!
^,?"$e%*,($fH9$%&$E73?;#$#Q:7#((#8$+=#(#$,8#3($,?$1``aA$
$ :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
G=#$=#38$3)%?#$=3($+=#$7,"=+$+%$8#),'#73+#$3?8$8#;,8#D$3?8$+=#$ $ :D$6@$445555555555555555555555
&*?;+,%?($%&$3))$+=#$%+=#7$-#-'#7($;%?(,(+$%?)<$,?$;377<,?"$%*+$+=#$ $ 55555555555555555555555555555$
;%--3?8($",>#?$+%$+=#-AAA$G=#$-%7#$<%*$"73?+AAA$c+%$+=#$3((#-')#8$ $
:#%:)#dD$+=#$-%7#$,+$;)3,-(AA$G=#$,?+#7#(+$%&$+=#$(+3+#$-*(+$;%-#$&,7(+A$ ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
$
$ ! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
1A What type of government does King Louis describe and why "'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
Does he recommend this type of government?$
$ $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$ L'*.-.'8!'8!%)*'+,-.*/<!
$
$ $! 6%(,+,>#$$ ! 2#"3+,>#$
$ I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$
! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
!
!
0'5,/$8-!Q!
!?$#Q;#7:+$&7%-$+#,'-."-($'<$G=%-3($P%''#(D$1`Y14$
$
$ ...From this equality of ability arise the quality of hope in the
$ attaining of our ends. And therefore if any two men desire the :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
$ same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they :D$6@$445555555555555555555555
$ become enemies; and in the way to their end... endeavor to 55555555555555555555555555555$
$ destroy or subdue one another. And from hence it comes to
$ ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
pass that where an invader hath no more to fear than another
$ man's single power, if one plant, sow, build, or possess a ! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
convenient seat, others may probably be expected $ to come
"'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
$ prepared with forces united to dispossess and deprive him, not
$ only of the fruit of his labor, but also of his life or liberty. And the $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$ invader again is in the like danger of another. L'*.-.'8!'8!N/D$4.6+.*/<!
$ ...From this fundamental law of nature, by which men are
$! 6%(,+,>#$$ ! 2#"3+,>#$
$ commanded to endeavor peace, is derived this second law: that
$ a man be willing, when others are so too, as far forth as for I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$ peace and defense of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay ! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
$ down this right to all things; and be contented with so much
$ liberty against other men as he would allow other men against
$ himself.
$ ... The mutual transferring of right is that which men call
contractAcc.$
1A$!;;%78,?"$+%$P%''#(D$=%@$8%$-#?$'#=3>#$@,+=%*+$+=#$)3@J$
$
$
$
$
RA !;;%78,?"$+%$P%''#(D$@=3+$,($+=#$%?)<$@3<$+%$3;=,#>#$:#3;#J$
$
$
$
$
 !"#$%&$!'(%)*+,(-$./0$ V

!
!
0'5,/$8-!R!
G=#$63)3;#$%&$9#7(3,))#(D$@3($'*,)+$'<$e%*,($fH9$\E73?;#]A$/#)%@$,($$+=#$>,#@$%&$9#7(3,))#($&7%-$+=#$!>#?*#$8#$
637,(gD$;3A$1``R$'<$6,#77#$63+#)$
$
$
$
$ :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
:D$6@$445555555555555555555555
$
$ 55555555555555555555555555555$
$ ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
$
! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
$
$ "'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
$ $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$
L'*.-.'8!'8!N/D$4.6+.*/<!
$
$ $! 6%(,+,>#$$ ! 2#"3+,>#$
$ I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$ ! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
$
$
$ $
1A$How is the Palace at Versailles a symbol of the absolute power of Louis XIV?$
$
$
$
$
$
 !"#$%&$!'(%)*+,(-$./0$ Y

0'5,/$8-!S! !
An excerpt from Bishot Jaques Bousset’s Political Treatise:$
$
$H+$3::#37($&7%-$3))$+=,($+=3+$+=#$:#7(%?$%&$+=#$M,?"$,($(3;7#8D$3?8$+=3+$+%$3++3;M$
=,-$,?$3?<$@3<$,($(3;7,)#"#A$h%8$=3($+=#$M,?"($3?%,?+#8$'<$=,($:7%:=#+($@,+=$
$
+=#$=%)<$*?;+,%?$,?$),M#$-3??#7$3($=#$=3($',(=%:($3?8$3)+37($3?%,?+#8A$/*+$ :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
$ :D$6@$445555555555555555555555
#>#?$@,+=%*+$+=#$#Q+#7?3)$3::),;3+,%?$,?$+=*($'#,?"$3?%,?+#8D$+=#<$37#$'<$+=#,7$
$>#7<$%&&,;#$+=#$7#:7#(#?+3+,>#($%&$+=#$8,>,?#$-3i#(+<$8#:*+#8$'<$67%>,8#?;#$
$&%7$+=#$#Q#;*+,%?$%&$=,($:*7:%(#(A$!;;%78,?")<$h%8$;3))($O<7*($=,($3?%,?+#8A$ 55555555555555555555555555555$
$jG=*($(3,+=$+=#$e%78$+%$=,($3?%,?+#8D$+%$O<7*(D$@=%(#$7,"=+$=3?8$H$=3>#$=%)8#?D$ ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
$+%$(*'8*#$?3+,%?($'#&%7#$=,-Aj$^,?"($(=%*)8$'#$"*378#8$3($=%)<$+=,?"(D$3?8$ ! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
$@=%(%#>#7$?#")#;+($+%$:7%+#;+$+=#-$,($@%7+=<$%&$8#3+=$A$A$A$
"'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
$G=#7#$,($(%-#+=,?"$7#),",%*($,?$+=#$7#(:#;+$3;;%78#8$+%$3$:7,?;#A$G=#$(#7>,;#$
$%&$h%8$3?8$+=#$7#(:#;+$&%7$M,?"($37#$'%*?8$+%"#+=#7A$T+A$6#+#7$*?,+#($+=#(#$ $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$+@%$8*+,#($@=#?$=#$(3<(D$jE#37$h%8A$P%?%7$+=#$M,?"AjA$A$A$ L'*.-.'8!'8!N/D$4.6+.*/<!
$AAA^,?"($(=%*)8$+7#-')#$+=#?$3($+=#<$*(#$+=#$:%@#7$h%8$=3($"73?+#8$+=#-k$
$! 6%(,+,>#$$ 2#"3+,>#$
$3?8$)#+$+=#-$+=,?M$=%@$=%77,')#$,($+=#$(3;7,)#"#$,&$+=#<$*(#$&%7$#>,)$3$:%@#7$
!
@=,;=$;%-#($&7%-$h%8A$I#$'#=%)8$M,?"($(#3+#8$*:%?$+=#$+=7%?#$%&$+=#$e%78D$ I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$
'#37,?"$,?$+=#,7$=3?8$+=#$(@%78$@=,;=$h%8$=,-(#)&$=3($",>#?$+=#-A$I=3+$
$:7%&3?3+,%?D$@=3+$377%"3?;#D$&%7$+=#$*?i*(+$M,?"$+%$(,+$%?$h%8l($+=7%?#$+%$ ! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
$7#?8#7$8#;7##($;%?+737<$+%$=,($)3@($3?8$+%$*(#$+=#$(@%78$@=,;=$h%8$=3($:*+$
$,?$=,($=3?8$&%7$8##8($%&$>,%)#?;#$3?8$+%$()3<$=,($;=,)87#?m$A$A$A$
$
1A$According to Bousset, how should Kings be treated?$
$
$
$
$

2. According to Bousset, how should Kings use their power?$

!
!
!
!
!
 !"#$%&$!'(%)*+,(-$./0$ `

0'5,/$8-!T!
Michele Suriano, a Venetian ambassador to Spain, wrote the following about Philip II:
$
$The Catholic King was born in Spain......here he is treated with all :HIJ7K!LJHMNOK!
the deference and respect which seemed due to him $ as the :D$6@$445555555555555555555555
$greatest emperor whom Christendom had ever had and to the 55555555555555555555555555555$
$heir to such a number of realms and to such grandeur.
Although the king resembles his father in face and speech, in his ";D$!'(!:',45$<$
$
attention to his religious duties, and in his habitual kindness and ! 67,-37<$$ ! T#;%?837<$
$
good faith, he nevertheless differs from him in several of those
$respects in which the greatness of rulers, after all, lies. "'D.5*45555555555555555555555$
$The emperor was addicted to war, which he well understood; the $$$$$$$$$$$5555555555555555555555$
$king knows but little of it and has no love for it. The emperor
$undertook great enterprises with enthusiasm; his son avoids L'*.-.'8!'8!N/D$4.6+.*/<!
$them. The father was fond of planning great things and would in $! 6%(,+,>#$$ ! 2#"3+,>#$
$the end realise his wishes with his skill; his son, on the contrary, I*$!.8!L646&46D#4$
$pays less attention to augmenting his own greatness than to
! /3;M"7%*?8$ $ ! 0*%+#$
$hindering that of others..........the father was guided in all matters
$by his own opinion; the son follows the opinion of others.
$
$In the king's eyes no nation is superior to the Spaniards. It is
$among them that he lives, it is they he consults, and it is they that
$direct his policy; in all this he is acting quite contrary to the habit
$of his father. He thinks little of the Italians and Flemish and still
less of the Germans. Although he may employ the chief men of all
$
the countries over which he rules, he admits none of them to his
$
secret counsels, but utilizes their services only in military matters,
$and then not so much because he really esteems them, as in the
$hope that he will in this way prevent his enemies from making use
$of them."
$$
1A$What are two observations Michele Suriano made about King Philip II’s ability to rule?$
$
$
$
$
$
$
!
!