RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC BULLETIN 3 (7) 2016

Список литературы / References

1. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C. Rhétorique et pragmatique: les figures revisitées. Рaris, 1994.
2. Bonhomme, M. Pragmatique des figures du discours. Paris: Editions Honoré Champion, 2005.
3. Stepanov, U.S. In searches of pragmatics//News of the USSR АS. Мoscow. 1981. № 4. 17.
4. Katzs, A.M. Language of a taboo and euphemiya, 1988.
5. Adam, J.-M., Bonhomme, M., 1997. L
6. Cossutta F., Maingueneau D. L’analyse des discours constituants. Paris, 1995.

DOI: 10.18454/RULB.7.02
Балабас Н.Н.
Московский государственный областной университет
НОВОЕ В ПРЕФИКСАЛЬНОМ СПОСОБЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФРАНЦУЗСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Аннотаци
я Предпринятое исследование основано на анализе неологизмов, представленных в аутентичной прессе и интернет-
изданиях 2008-2016 годов. Актуальность статьи определена активным использованием префиксальных
новообразований в современном французском языке. Полученные данные позволили выявить новый префиксальный
элемент, отличающийся деривационной активностью. Проведённый анализ представляет возможным
удостовериться в том, что префиксация, по-прежнему, является одним из самых распространённых
словообразовательных способов в современном французском языке.
Ключевые слова: словарный состав языка; словообразование; способ словообразования, префиксация,
аутентичная пресса.

Balabas N.N.
Moscow State Regional University
NEW METHOD OF PREFIXAL WORD-FORMATION IN FRENCH
Abstract
The undertaken research is based on the analysis of neologisms taken from authentic media and Internet publications in
2008-2016. The relevance of the article is defined by the active use of prefixed formations in the modern French language. The
findings of the research revealed a new prefixed element, characterized by high derivation activity. The conducted analysis
demonstrates that prefixation remains one of the most common ways of word formation in the modern French language.
Keywords: the vocabulary of the language; word formation; derivation method, prefixation, authentic press.
Почта авторов / Author Email: balnani@mail.ru

T
he reliability of the undertaken analysis is
determined by the usage of the extensive body of
factual materials collected by the method of
continuous sampling. We studied 1907 pages of text editions
of Capital, le Point [12], le Nouvel Observateur, le Monde,
le Figaro, le Monde diplomatique issued in 2008-2016 as
well as other online publications [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18, 19].
We used quantitative method, the method of comparative
analysis and component analysis for research and
investigation.
Language is constantly evolving. The lexical structure of
the language is very sensitive to different kinds of processes
which occur in the world. Rapid development of information
and communication technologies affects the lexical structure
of the language directly, which is reflected in the press. The
press captures the first neologisms, even before they enter
dictionaries.
Dictionaries are a means to explore the world outloook of
the people who speak this language. Man perceives the world
through the prism of national culture and language [4, p.13].
The study of dictionaries gives the opportunity to see the
language picture of the world of a particular nation.
Linguistic picture of the world is one of the basic
concepts of cultural and cognitive linguistics, which is the
subject of study of many modern linguists [4, 10, 11].
Linguistic picture of the world is reflected in the
vocabulary of the language which conveys the perception of
reality by the people who speak this language.
The study of dictionaries enables us to see which areas of
art, culture and science have gone through dynamic
development. [8, p.5] "Dictionaries are responding to
changes in life and society, they reflect dynamic linguistic
processes in the form of a static picture"
74
Word is subject to change. Linguistic signs have an
inherent mobility in the content and scope of the concept. The
semantics of the word can change over time. The perception
of the word can vary through the ages, and sometimes more
rapidly, through decades, that is what makes the boundary of
lexical sign semantics mobile.
The analysis of word-formation processes has always
been the focus of scientific research [1; 2; 3; 5; 6; 7; 9]. The
relevance of the study is determined by the fact that new
words continuously enter the vocabulary of the language.
The last decade has witnessed a new surge in the
development of modern technology, which has been instantly
reflected in the vocabulary of the language. There are a lot of
words that reflect different innovation processes, in particular
rapid development of information and communication
technologies.
The study of specific ways of word formation on the
basis of authentic materials of modern press allows us to
understand the extent of how active a certain word formation
method is at the moment.
Prefixation is one of the productive ways of word
formation in the modern French language. Prefix, which is an
invariant derivation component prior to the root, can change
the meaning of a derivative word or render a certain new
nuance of its meaning. Neologism formed through
prefixation contribute to the list of words in the language.
Motivation of the word is detremined by deductability of its
components meaning.
Prefix e- is a derivation component borrowed from
English, an abbreviation of the word "electronic"
(électronique in French) which means electronic or online.
The first borrowings from English that appeared in the
French language were such words ase-mail, emailing, e-
 RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC BULLETIN 3 (7) 2016
learning, e-marketing, e-business, e-teaching, then the – Le terme e-learning est utilisé en France pour
derivation component e- began to be used for the formation désigner l’utilisation d’Internet dans le cadre d’une formation
of new French words, for example, e -commerçant, e-santé, [17];
e-dépendance, e-publicité, e-compétence etc. Quand le e-teaching le dispute au e-learning ne devrait-
The study has revealed a number of other words with on pas utiliser le terme de e-teaching, symétriquement à celui
prefix e-: de e-learning? [15]
– e-catalogue– e-publicité – Ces évolutions envisagées par certaines enseignes
– e-cigarette– e-revue projettent la question du e-commerce dans des réflexions
– e-commerçant– e-franc plus larges, relatives à la place et aux formes possibles pour
– e-ticket– e-billet le devenir du commerce en ville [14];
– e-tourisme– e-livre – Toujours à la recherche de nouvelles sources de
– e-commerce– e-compétence revenus, l'e-distribution manager effectue un travail de veille
– e-formation– e-mobilité pour identifier de nouveaux canaux de distribution, le
– e-carte– e-dictionnaire positionnement de la concurrence et évaluer leur potentiel
– e-santé– e-nouvelles pour sa marque [16];
– e-dépendance– e-réputation – Quand vous achetez un e-billet, les détails de votre
– e-banque– e-assurance voyage — train, nom, date de naissance, etc. — sont
– e-achats– e-carnet enregistrés dans le système de réservation de la SNCF [13];
– e-boutique– e-bibliothèque – Plusieurs projets sont prévus en matière de
–e-magasin–e-liquide gouvernance électronique, d’e-santé, d’e-agriculture …
–e-monnaie–e-librairie [12];
–e-agriculture–e-distribution – Le concept d'e-formation sous-entend une diversité de
–e-évaluation–e-marketing notions, imbriquées les unes dans les autres, combinables
–e-stratégie–e-communication entre elles [15].
–emailing–e-conciergerie Thus, it is characteristic of the modern French language
Most of the given words are actively used in the press to enrich its lexical structure through prefixed neologisms.
and online publications, but not yet recorded by dictionaries. The undertaken research proves that lexical units formed with
It should be noted that the process of their integration into the help of prefix e- are actively used in authentic press and
dictionaries has already started, thus the word e- online publications. The analysis enables the establishment of
publicité dates back to the year 2011, e-livre – 2012, e- the typological characterization of these prefixed neologisms.
cigarette – 2015. The majority of neologisms discovered during the research
Here are some more examples of words with prefix e-: which (formed through prefix e-) are nouns.
– Le e-catalogue est la version web de votre offre The results obtained in the study revealed new highly
produits. En d’autres mots, c’est l’ensemble de votre productive derivational elements in the modern French
arborescence produits au sein de votre site web (site vitrine). language and we concluded that prefixation remains one of
Il reprend l’ensemble de votre catalogue papier [18]; the most common ways of word formation in the French
– Avec l'émergence des réseaux sociaux, soigner sa e- language.
réputation sur le Web est devenu vital pour les marques
[19];

Список литературы / References

1. Bertrand, O. Histoire du vocabulaire français. Origines, emprunts et création lexicale. Paris, École Polytechnique,
2011, 230p.
2. Fridrichová, R. Histoire du vocabulaire français, X Linguae, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2014, p. 85-87.
3. Балабас, Н.Н. К вопросу о префиксальном способе словообразования в современном французском языке (на
материале аутентичной прессы и словарных дефиниций толковых словарей)/ Н.Н. Балабас//Гуманитарные, социально-
экономические и общественные науки. – 2015. – № 9. – С. 300-303.
4. Балабас, Н.Н. Концепты « amitié » (дружба) и « hostilité » (вражда) во французском языке: дис. … канд.
фил.наук: 10.02.05/Н.Н. Балабас. – 2010. 153с.
5. Балабас, Н.Н. Некоторые особенности префиксального словообразования современного французского
языка/Н.Н. Балабас// Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики. – 2015. – № 12 (54). Ч.1. – С. 35-37.
6. Балабас Н.Н.Тенденции развития словарного состава французского языка (на материале современной
французской прессы)/ Н.Н. Балабас// В мире научных открытий. – 2015. – № 7.5 (67). – С. 2125-2136.
7. Гак, В.Г. Сравнительная типология французского и русского языков/В.Г. Гак. – М.: Просвещение, 1989. –
288с.
8. Козырев, В.А. Современные ориентации отечественной лексикографии/В.А. Козырев, В.Д. Черняк// Вопросы
лексикографии. –2014. – № 1. – С. 5-15.
9. Лопатникова, Н.Н. Лексикология современного французского языка/Н.Н. Лопатникова – М.: Высшая школа,
2006. – 334с.
10. Николаева, М.Н. Картина мира представителей современной англоязычной молодежной субкультуры через
призму языка/ М.Н. Николаева// Общество – язык – культура: актуальные проблемы взаимодействия в XXI веке.
Сборник трудов Первой международной научно-практической конференции. – М.: МИЛ, 2006. – С.49–51.
11. Попова, З.Д.Очерки по когнитивной лингвистике/З.Д. Попова, И.А.Стернин. – Воронеж, Истоки, 2002. – 191с.
12. LePoint. 2014. № 2186.
13. Le e-billet. C’est quoi ? Comment ça marche ? // [Electronic resource] URL: https://blog.captaintrain.com/204-le-e-
billet-c-est-quoi-comment-ca-marche (Accessed 22.02.2016).

75
 RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC BULLETIN 3 (7) 2016
14. E-commerce et territoires : nouvelles pratiques de l’espace, nouveaux enjeux d’aménagement // [Electronic resource]
URL: http://calanda.org/322118 (Accessed 22.02.2016).
15. E-formation, e-learning // [Electronic resource] URL:
http://eduscol.education.fr/numerique/dossier/archives/eformation/e-formation-e-learning (Accessed 09.05.2016).
16. L
17. Fenouillet F., Déro M. Le « e-learning » est-il efficace ? Une analyse de la littérature anglo-saxonne // [Electronic
resource] URL: http://moise.dero.free.fr/cv/IMG/pdf/FENOUILLET_DERO_v_longue.pdf (Accessed 22.02.2016).
18. Réussir son e-catalogue : Mode d’emploi // [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.nextpage.fr/fr/reussir-son-e-
catalogue-mode-demploi/ (Accessed 24.02.2016).
19. E-réputation, ou comment garder une bonne image sur Internet // [Electronic resource] URL:
http://www.journaldunet.com/ebusiness/marques-sites/e-reputation// (Accessed 24.02.2016).

Список литературы латинскими символами / References in Roman script

1. Bertrand, O. Histoire du vocabulaire français. Origines, emprunts et création lexicale. Paris, École Polytechnique,
2011, 230p.
2. Fridrichová, R. Histoire du vocabulaire français, X Linguae, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2014, p. 85-87.
3. Balabas, N.N. K voprosu o prefiksal'nom sposobe slovoobrazovanija v sovremennom francuzskom jazyke (na
materiale autentichnoj pressy i slovarnyh definicij tolkovyh slovarej) [To a question of prefixal method of word-formation in
modern French (on the material of the authentic press and lexicographic definitions of explanatory dictionaries)]. / N.N.
Balabas // Gumanitarnye, social’no-jekonomicheskie i obshhestvennye nauki [Humanitarian, socioeconomic and social
sciences]. – 2015. – № 9. – P. 300-303. [in Russian]
4. Balabas, N.N. Koncepty « amitié » (druzhba) i « hostilité » (vrazhda) vo francuzskom jazyke [Concepts of “amitié”
(friendship) and “hostilité” (hostility) in French]: Thesis for the degree of PhD in Philology: 10.02.05 / N.N. Balabas. – 2010.
153 p. [in Russian]
5. Balabas, N.N. Nekotorye osobennosti prefiksal'nogo slovoobrazovanija sovremennogo francuzskogo jazyka [Some
features of prefixal word-formation of modern French]. / N.N. Balabas // Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki
[Philological sciences. Questions of the theory and practice]. – 2015. – № 12 (54). Part 1. – P. 35-37. [in Russian]
6. Balabas N.N.Tendencii razvitija slovarnogo sostava francuzskogo jazyka (na materiale sovremennoj francuzskoj
pressy) [Tendencies of development of lexical structure of French (on material of the modern French press)]. / N.N. Balabas //
V mire nauchnyh otkrytij [In the world of scientific discoveries]. – 2015. – № 7.5 (67). – P. 2125-2136. [in Russian]
7. Gak, V.G. Sravnitel'naja tipologija francuzskogo i russkogo jazykov [Comparative typology of the French and
Russian]. / V.G. Gak. – M.: Prosveshhenie, 1989. – 288 p. [in Russian]
8. Kozyrev, V.A. Sovremennye orientacii otechestvennoj leksikografii [The modern orientations of domestic
lexicography]. / V.A. Kozyrev, V.D. Chernjak // Voprosy leksikografii [Lexicography questions]. – 2014. – № 1. – P. 5-15. [in
Russian]
9. Lopatnikova, N.N. Leksikologija sovremennogo francuzskogo jazyka [Lexicology of modern French]. / N.N.
Lopatnikova – M.: Vysshaja shkola, 2006. – 334 p. [in Russian]
10. Nikolaeva, M.N. Kartina mira predstavitelej sovremennoj anglojazychnoj molodezhnoj subkul'tury cherez prizmu
jazyka [The worldview of representatives of modern English-speaking youth subculture through the language prism]. / M.N.
Nikolaeva // Obshhestvo – jazyk – kul’tura: aktual’nye problemy vzaimodejstvija v XXI veke. Sbornik trudov Pervoj
mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Society – language – culture: actual problems of interaction in the 21st
century. Collection of works of the First international scientific and practical conference.]. – M.: MIL, 2006. – P. 49–51. [in
Russian]
11. Popova, Z.D.Ocherki po kognitivnoj lingvistike [Sketches on cognitive linguistics]. / Z.D. Popova, I.A.Sternin. –
Voronezh, Istoki, 2002. – 191 p. [in Russian]
12. LePoint. 2014. N 2186.
13. Le e-billet. C’est quoi ? Comment ça marche ? // [Electronic resource] URL: https://blog.captaintrain.com/204-le-e-
billet-c-est-quoi-comment-ca-marche (Accessed 22.02.2016).
14. E-commerce et territoires : nouvelles pratiques de l’espace, nouveaux enjeux d’aménagement // [Electronic resource]
URL: http://calanda.org/322118 (Accessed 22.02.2016).
15. E-formation, e-learning // [Electronic resource] URL:
http://eduscol.education.fr/numerique/dossier/archives/eformation/e-formation-e-learning (Accessed 09.05.2016).
16. L'e-distribution manager, un négociateur online // [Electronic resource] URL:
http://www.lechotouristique.com/article/l-e-distribution-manager-un-negociateur-online,72644 (Accessed 22.02.2016).
17. Fenouillet F., Déro M. Le « e-learning » est-il efficace ? Une analyse de la littérature anglo-saxonne // [Electronic
resource] URL: http://moise.dero.free.fr/cv/IMG/pdf/FENOUILLET_DERO_v_longue.pdf (Accessed 22.02.2016).
18. Réussir son e-catalogue: Mode d’emploi // [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.nextpage.fr/fr/reussir-son-e-
catalogue-mode-demploi/ (Accessed 24.02.2016).
19. E-réputation, ou comment garder une bonne image sur Internet // [Electronic resource] URL:
http://www.journaldunet.com/ebusiness/marques-sites/e-reputation// (Accessed 24.02.2016).

76