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St Petersburg, 2003.
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Vsevolodova, M. V. and Parshukova, Z. G., Способы выражения
пространственных отношений, МГУ, Moscow, 1968.
Wade, T., The Gender of Soft-Sign Nouns in Russian, Collets International,
London, 1988.
Wade, T., Prepositions in Modern Russian, Durham Modern Language
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Ward, D., Russian Pronunciation, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and
London, 1958.
Ward, D., The Russian Language Today. System and Anomaly, Hutchinson,
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Language journals

Russian-language
Вопросы языкознания
Русистика сегодня
Русская речь
Русский язык за рубежом
Русский язык в СНГ
Русский язык в школе
Филологические науки

Others
Journal of Russian Studies
Rusistika
Russistik
546 Bibliography

Newspapers and magazines

Аргументы и !акты
Известия
Итоги
Комсомольская правда
Литературная газета
Московский комсомолец
Московские новости
Неделя
Независимая газета
Огонек
Правда
Работница
Сельская жизнь
Семья
Спутник
Экран детям
Юный натуралист
Wade, T. and White, N., Russia Today, 2 vols and glossary, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow, 1985 (press extracts).

Compact disc

Ransome, Michael, Навигатор (Russian language course designed for

AS and A2 level students), Bramcote Press, Ilkeston, 2009.

Literary and other sources

By individual or joint authors

Abramov, F., Дом, Советский писатель, Leningrad, 1980.
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Dovlatov, S., Заповедник, Новый Геликон, St Petersburg, 1996.
Dovlatov, S., Зона, Новый Геликон, St Petersburg, 1996.
Gagarin, S., Возвращение в Итаку, Молодая гвардия, Moscow, 1972.
Granin, D., Сад камней, Современник, Moscow, 1972.
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Koluntsev, F., Ожидание, Советский писатель, Moscow, 1969.
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Kunin, V., Иванов и Рабинович, Новый Геликон/Интерспект,
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Litvinova, Renata, Обладать и принадлежать: Новеллы и киносценарии,
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Marinina, A., Убийца поневоле, Вече, Moscow, 1997.
Nabokov, V., Защита Лужина, Фолио, Kharkov/ACT, Moscow, 1997.
Nikolaev, V., Не один в пу5и, Молодая гвардия, Moscow, 1974.
Orlov, V., Серый парус карбаса, Знание, Moscow, 1984.
Popov, Evgenii, Опера нищих: Рассказы о непонятном, Вагриус,
Moscow, 2006.
Propp, V., Русская сказка, Издательство Ленинградского
университета, Leningrad, 1984.
Rasputin, V., Последний срок. Прощание с Ма5ерой, Советский
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Rybakov, A., Тяжелый песок, Советский писатель, Moscow, 1979.
Shukshin, V., Рассказы, Русский язык, Moscow, 1984.
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, Россия в обвале, Русский путь, Moscow, 1998.
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Юнацва, Minsk, 1986.
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Tokareva, V., Повести и рассказы, Советский писатель, Moscow, 1987.
Trifonov, Yu., Избранные произведения, 2 vols, Художественная
литература, Moscow, 1978.
Trifonov, Yu., Утоление жажды, Профиздат, Moscow, 1979.
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Compilations
Lebedev, V. (compiler), Стратегия освоения, Молодая гвардия,
Moscow, 1986.
Pecheritsa, T. (compiler), Дороги. Рассказы советских писателей,
Русский язык, Moscow, 1979 (Yu. Kazakov, Yu. Nagibin, K.
Paustovsky, P. Proskurin, V. Shukshin etc.).
Povolyaev, V. (compiler), Московский рассказ, Московский рабочий,
Moscow, 1980 (Yu. Avdeenko, Yu. Kazakov, E. Khrutsky, A.
Kuleshov, A. Makarov, Yu. Nagibin, V. Povolyaev, L. Sal’nikov, Yu.
Trifonov, L. Uvarova, K. Vanshenkin, A. Yakhontov etc.).
Smirnov, V. (compiler), Белый конь, Русский язык, Moscow, 1985
(F. Abramov, V. Astaf ’ev, V. Belov, V. Lebedev, E. Nosov, V.
Shcherbakov, V. Shukshin, V. Sobolev, P. Vasil’ev, S. Zalygin etc.).
Zolotavkin, V. (compiler), Проза 70-х годов, Русский язык, Moscow,
1985 (F. Abramov, C. Aitmatov, V. Belov, D. Granin, Yu. Kazakov, Yu.
Nagibin, V. Shukshin, K. Simonov, V. Soloukhin, V. Tokareva,
S. Zalygin etc.).

Websites

http://www.gov.ru
Russian government website
http://www.kremlin.ru
Russian Presidential website
http://www.izvestiya.ru
Website for the daily newspaper Izvestiia
http://www.interfax.ru
Website for the Interfax news agency
http://www.kommersant.ru
Website for the daily newspaper Kommersant
http://www.rian.ru
Website for the RIA news agency
http://www.itar-tass.com
Website for the Itar-Tass news agency

Note
Some quotations in this book have been taken from standard grammars
of the Russian language.
Subject Index
Note: references are to page numbers. When English and Russian words
appear together in a list, account is taken of the order of letters in both
alphabets.
Accusative case (see also
Declension of nouns):
after negated verbs 112–15
after verbs which also take the
dat. 119
after verbs which also take the
gen. 105–6, 115 –18
as an object 105
denoting cost 105
denoting measure 105
denoting progress through
space 105
denoting progress through
time 105, 456
denoting repetition 105
denoting weight 105
in impersonal constructions
105, 327–8
pl. after 4 214
Acronyms: formation of
gender of 60–1
Adjectival nouns:
categories 181–2
after collective numerals 222
after 2–4 215
Adjectives:
indeclinable 177–8
long and short 168
post-positive 179
Long:
hard declension 168–9
mixed declension 169–70
soft declension 170–1
adjs. with long forms only 183
attributive use of 178–9
derived from nouns 172–3
in -ивый, -мый, -атый,
-астый, -истый, -чий
173 – 4
in -н-, -ск- and -ов-/-ев- 172 –3
nouns from which more than
one is derived 174
position in sentence 179, 527
possessive 174–6
predicative use of 179–80, 187,
189 – 90
550 Subject Index
separated by commas 21
sing. and pl. usage 180 –1
taking the dat. 120
taking the gen. 107
taking the instr. 125
with кт-то 161
with mountain ranges 425
with нчто 165
with weeks/months/years
450–1
with что 145
with чт-то 162
Short:
as adverb 202
as introductory word 202
as pl. predicate to subject
containing a numeral 228
as predicate to infins. and
verbal nouns 192–3
attributive usage of 201
buffer vowel 184–5
cf. long form 187–8
comparative of cf. adverbs
413–14
delimitation by oblique case,
prepositional phrase,
subordinate clause or
infin. 190 –3
denoting dimension 189–90
denoting temporary state 188
formation from adjs. in
-енный 186
formation of 182–3
in generalized statements 193
n. form cf. adverb 395–6
paired opposites 188–9
position in sentence 193, 531
special forms 185–6
stress in 186–7
Adverbs:
introductory comments 395
comparative 202, 413–14, 414
denoting frequency 299
derived from adjs. and parts.
395 –7
derived from gerunds 399
derived from nouns 398–9
derived from numerals 400
derived from pronouns 400–1
длго, давн,
недвно/[в/за] послднее
врмя 405 – 6
ещё cf. другй 404
ещё (не/нет) 404 –5
ещё раз cf. снва, опть
405
in н- 412
in ни- 411–12
interrelating 407
in -то, -нибудь, -либо, кbе-
409 –11
of manner and extent 406–7
of place 401–2, 407
of time 298, 402–3, 407
position of 522, 528 –9, 532
рньше 458
separation by commas 21–2
superlative 415
тже/ткже 407– 9
тлько 455
уж (не/нет) 403 – 4
used to distinguish aspect
271
used to reinforce aspect 294,
298 – 9
with же 513 –14
with particle -то 516
Adverbial clauses: replaced by
gerunds 390–2
Adverbial expressions:
denoting route, time, manner
122–3
Age:
giving someone’s age 236–7,
453
with dative of person 121
 Subject Index 551

Agent nouns: 36–42, 44, 46 – 8, Alphabet:

50–3, 57 Cyrillic 1–2
Agreement: International Phonetic 2–4
adj. with noun 54 –5, 58, 66 –7, Alphabetisms:
178–9 declension of 99
adj. with numeral and noun 181 gender of 61–2
все 156 Animals:
вы 138 in animate accusative 68, 70
comparative adj. with noun 194 pronoun что 145
compounds in пол- with adjs. Animate accusative: 68–70
232 of adjs. 178
fractions/decimals with noun 231 of два/две, три, чет"ре,
in telling the time 234 ба/бе 217–18
котрый 146 of indefinite numerals 226
кто 144–5, 147 of m. nouns 74 –5
кт-то 162 of ‘one’ 212
long-form part. with noun Apposition:
(cf. котрый) 380 absence of with как 104
мы 137 in titles, names 97–8, 104,
никт 157 127– 8
numeral subject with predicate of сам with other pronouns 155
226–8 use of commas to mark off
oblique cases of cardinals with words in 22
noun 216–19 Aspect (see also Imperfective/
oblique cases of indefinite Perfective Aspect):
numerals with noun 225 introductory comments 268–9,
од!н 212–13 293 – 5
он, он, он, он! 138 – 9
ordinal numerals with noun 230 biaspectual verbs 270–1
past tense with noun 54 consonant mutation in
predicate with multiple subject secondary impfs. 278–9
54, 486, 489 differentiation of by conjugation
pronoun with noun 54 281–2
ряд, большинств,
мнжество, часть 100 –1 formation of 271–2, 275–6,
сам 155 277– 80
superlative adj. with noun 203 functions of pf. prefixes 272–3
time expressions with predicate impfs. from compounds of
234 -лож!ть 283
ты 137–8 in questions 309–10
ты/вы 137–8 in the present tense 295–7
т"сяча 219 mutations e/ë, o/a in
я 136–7 secondary impfs. 277–8
552 Subject Index
of verbs governing partitives
108, 110
pf. with particle было 511
reflexive in impf. only 282–3
secondary impfs. 276–8,
279–80
semantic differentiation of 274
verbs with only one 269–70
with different roots 282
in the future 306 – 9
in the infinitive:
introductory comments 314–15
after не хоч$ 319
after пор 319
after verbs of beginning,
continuing and concluding
316–17
after verbs of motion 320
in denoting advisable or
inadvisable actions 317–18
in denoting habitual actions
315–16
in denoting repeated or
continuous actions 315
in denoting single completed
actions 314
in requests to perform/not to
perform an action 318–19
in the past:
general 298–306
emphasis on identity of subject
303–4
impf. denoting a forthcoming
event 305
impf. denoting an action and its
reverse 302–3
impf. denoting a ‘statement of
fact’ 300–2
of a negated verb 305–6
Augmentative nouns:
gender of 56
plural of 87
suffixes 132–3
Buffer vowel:
in compound verbs of motion
360
in conjugation 267–8
in f. gen. pl. 89 – 90
in n. gen. pl. 85, 87– 8
in short-form adjs. 184–5
Capital and small letters:
Вы 138
in titles and names 16–18
Cardinal numerals:
list 207–8
declension of 208–11
declension of compounds 219
oblique cases of 216–18
agreement with sing./pl.
predicate 226–8
as ‘labels’ 220
два/две, три, чет"ре 214 –16
in arithmetic 238
in compound nouns/adjs. 238 – 9
in fractions and decimals 230–2
in giving someone’s age 236–7
in giving the date 235–6
in telling the time 232–5
ноль/нуль 211–12
ба/бе 214 –16
од!н, одн 212–14, 215
полтор/полтор" 214
пять to 999 216
раз in counting 212
т"сяча to триллин 218 –19
with дти 223
with ‘plural only’ nouns 221–2
Causal expressions: in а/я, у/ю
110 –11

Collective nouns:
followed by gen. 107
inanimacy of 69
used only in sing. 71
Collective numerals:
agreement of with predicate
226–7
declension of 221
in idioms 224
with adjectival nouns 222
with animate m. nouns 222–3
with дти etc. 223
with gen. pl. 221
with pl.-only nouns 221–2
Comparative adjs:
introductory comments 193–4
attributive use of short forms
201
compounds with блее/мнее
194, 196, 198
constructions with 199–201,
467–9
дальнйший 205
impersonal use of 202
in -е 197–9
in -ее 195–6, 197 – 8
in -ей 196
one-word long forms 194–5
predicative use of forms with
блее 196
predicative use of short forms
199
prefixed ло-201
short forms as adverbs 202
short forms as introductory
words 202
with ещё 405
with no short forms 196
Comparative adverb:
cf. short-form comparative adj.
202
не пзже in telling the time 234
Subject Index 553
Compound hyphenated nouns:
declension of 100
gender of 63–4
Concessive constructions:
categories 340–1
with interrogative/relative
pronouns 149 –50
Conditional mood:
introductory comments 333
expressed by без 334 –5
expressed by imperative 334
formation of 333–4
used with -нибудь 163
Conjugation of the verb:
endings of first and second
conjugations 241
buffer vowel in 267–8
deficiencies in 256–7, 343
1st: consonant stems 244–50
1st: infinitive endings 241
1st: mobile stress 250–1
1st: vowel stems 242–4
2nd: consonant change 253–4
2nd: mobile stress 254–5
2nd: present-future endings 252–3
2nd: present-future stems 251
Conjunctions:
introductory comments 484
adversative 486–8
a ткже 408
causal 492–3
cf. и/а/но 487– 8
comparative 497–8
concessive 497
conditional 496–7
connective 485–6
co-ordinating 485–9
disjunctive 488–9
explanatory 489–91
of purpose 494–5
of result 495–6
replaced by pf. gerund 501
554 Subject Index

subordinating 489–504 Declension of nouns:

temporal 498–504 introduction 67–8
to in conditional constructions
334 declension chart 73
use of commas between clauses
1st m. 74–6
23–4
1st n. 84 – 8
with impf. 293
2nd 88 – 92
with pf. 295
3rd 92–4
Consonant mutation:
of alphabetisms 99
in adjs. from nouns 172, 175
of дти, л'ди 95
in augmentatives 132–3
of дит 95
in comparative adjs. 197–8
of first names and
in diminutives 129–31
patronymics 95–6
in first conjugation 246–8, 250
of hyphenated nouns 100
in impfs. formed by
of nouns in -ия/-ие 94
conjugation change 281–2
of nouns in -мя 94
in лгать 245
of place names 97
in pf. passive parts. 373–5
of путь 94 –5
in possessive adjs. 175
of surnames 96–7
in secondary impfs. 277–9
of titles and names 97–8
in second conjugation 253–5
Demonstrative pronouns:
in suffixation 36–48, 50, 52–3
declension of 150–1
in superlative 204–5
in verbs in -чь 250 не тот 152
Consonants: differentiation of примр том$ 153
meaning through hard and сей/*кий 154
soft 9 такй 153 – 4
Countable nouns 73 такй же 154
тот 151–3
Date 235–6 тот же (смый) 152, 156
Dative (see also Declension of with же 514
nouns): *тот/*то 151
after adjs. 120 Desire:
after verbs/verbal nouns 119–20 бы and infm. 335, 508
as indirect object 118–19 бы and past tense 335–6
as logical subject of infin. Determinative pronouns:
121, 160 –1, 412 declension of 154–5
in impersonal constructions
120–1, 327, 328 – 9 весь in concessive
in indicating age 236–7 constructions 472
with примр etc. 153 весь/цлый,
Deaffixation: in f. soft-sign nouns вский/кждый/
57 любй 156 –7