Qt4.7+. Практическое программирование на C++

-
-
2012
681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
83
. .
83
Qt4.7+. C++. .: -,
2012. 496 .: . ( )
ISBN 978-5-9775-0757-8
Windows Linux Qt 4.7.x 4.8.
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Qt .
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Qt.
( 40).

681.3.06
32.973.26-018.2
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31.10.11.
70 1001/16. . . . . 39,99.
2000 .
"-", 190005, -, ., 29.
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77.99.60.953..005770.05.09 26.05.2009 .
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199034, -, 9 , 12
ISBN 978-5-9775-0757-8
. ., 2011
, "-", 2011

............................................................................................................................ 7
Qt? ................................................................................................................................... 7
? ........................................................................................................ 8
? ............................................................................................. 10
I. ............................ 11
1. Qt 4 .............................................................................. 13
Qt library ......................................................................... 13
Qt SDK ................................................................................................................................... 14
Qt Microsoft Visual Studio .............................................................................................. 15
Qt Framework ......................................................................................................................... 16
Qt Eclipse............................................................................................................................. 17
Qt CMake............................................................................................................................. 18
Qt ................................................................................................ 20
Qt ............................................................................................................................ 21
qmake ....................................................................................................................... 22
.......................................................... 24
................................................................................................. 29
, ............................. 29
Qt Designer ............................................................................................................................. 31
................................................................................................. 31
.................................................................................. 36
Qt Designer ................................................................................ 49
.......................................................................................... 54
.............................................. 54
Qt Designer ..................................................................................... 55
Qt library ................................................................................................................... 57
Qt 4 CMake .................................................................... 57
2. Qt ............................................... 60
Qt .................................................................................................................................... 60
, ................................................................... 69
Qt ........................................................................................... 72
.................................................................. 73
.................................................................................................................... 73
Qt library........................................................................................................... 75
........................................................... 77
......................................................... 81
QSignalMapper - ............................................................... 81
3. ........................................................... 86
................................................................................................................... 86
................................................................................. 87
.................................................................................... 88
"--" .......................................................................................... 88
................................................................................... 89
........................................................................................................................ 91
................................................................................................... 96
Qt ................................................................................... 96
............................................... 98
............................................................................................. 105
" " .......................................................... 108
- ......................................................................................................... 109
........................................................................................................... 114
Qt ............................................................................................. 116
4. ........................... 125
GDB ............................................................................................................................ 125
.................................................................................................................... 129
...................................................................................................................... 130
....................................................................................................................... 132
C++ .................................................................................................... 132
....................................................................................................... 134
Microsoft Visual Studio .............................................................................. 135
Eclipse ............................................................................................... 138
"" ..................................................................................................... 140
.................................................................................. 142
.......................................................................................................... 143
? ....................................................................... 144
Subversion............................................................................................................................. 145
Subversion .............................................................. 146
.................................................................. 148
Subversion............................................................................................................. 148
svn ............................................................................................................ 148
Qt Creator Subversion............................................................................................... 150
Eclipse Subversion .................................................................................................... 153
Microsoft Visual Studio Subversion ......................................................................... 156
TortoiseSVN ......................................................................................................................... 159
II. ..................................................................... 165

5. Qt ................................................................................ 167
.............................................................................................. 172
.......................................................................................................... 173
.............................................................................................................. 173
..................................................................................................... 174
....................................................................................... 175
.......................................................... 183
ExtThread ............................................................................ 183
......................................................................................................... 187
.............................................................................................. 188
QSharedMemory ........................................................................................................ 189
....................................................................................................... 189
...................................................................................... 193
..................................................................................................... 205
6. ................................................... 218
QRunnable QThreadPool............................................................................................. 218
: QRunnable ExtThread? .......................................................................... 220
............................................................................ 221
............................................................................ 225
.......................................................................................................... 229
QtConcurrent::run() ..................................................................................................... 232
7. Interview Framework .................................................... 235

QSqlDatabase .................................................................................................................... 235
Interview Framework ........................................................................................... 238
sqlite3 ............................................................................................................................ 241
, NULL .............................................................................. 242
WeakRelationalTable ................................................................................................. 243
WeakRelation ............................................................................................................. 249
WeakRelationalDelegate ............................................................................................ 250
....................................................................................... 256
............................................................................................ 261
QDataWidgetMapper ......................................................................................................... 262
QDataWidgetMapper QComboBox ............................................................................. 269
8. Qt .......................................................... 271
Arthur....................................................................................................... 271
QGLContext ....................................................................................................................... 276
OpenGL Qt ............................................................................................................... 280
........................................................................................................................ 286
Qt/3D ............................................................................................................... 286
OpenCL Qt 4.8 ............................................................................................... 292
9. ....................................................................... 298
..................................................................................... 298
QImage, QPicture QPixmap ................................................................................ 299
...................................................................... 299
........................................................................................ 316
QTextDocument QTextEdit .................................................................................. 316
aspell Windows ........................................................................................... 318
.............................................................................................................. 319
QTextDocument ............................................. 328

QTextDocument .................................................... 329
QTextDocument ................................................. 332
QTextLayout....................................................................................................................... 332
QStaticText......................................................................................................................... 335
10. Graphics View Framework ....................................................... 340

............................................................................................................... 342
........................................................................................................................ 344
........................................................................................................ 344
.......................................................................................................... 353
................................................................................................................ 360
.............................. 362
......................................................................... 371
Graphics View Framework OpenGL ......................................................................................... 386
Opera.................................................................................................. 388
.................................................................................................... 395
III. ................................................ 401

11. ........................................................... 403
................................................... 408
................................................................................................ 414
12. Qt .................................................................... 418

Qt ............................................................................. 420
................................................................................................ 426
.................................................................... 428
.................................................................................................. 429
............................................................................... 430
Qt 4.7 ..................................................................................... 436
13. Qt ............................................ 437

QLibrary ............................................................................................................................ 449
14. Qt ................................................................... 450

.......................................................................... 450
.............................................................................................. 451
....................................................................................................................... 457
15. QML .................................................................................................. 461

QML Qt .................................................................................................... 469
QML ............................................................................ 475
.................................................................................................... 477
clocks ................................................................................................................ 478
qmlviewer .............................................................................................................. 481
.................................................................................................................. 483
.................................................................................................... 484
.............................................................................................. 485

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translator.load("yagf_" + QLocale::system().name(),
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1. Qt 4
21
app.installTranslator(&translator);
QTranslator translator2;
translator2.load("qt_" + QLocale::system().name(),
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app.installTranslator(&translator2);
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{
QApplication I18nApp(argc, argv);
QTranslator Translator(0);
Translator.load(QString(QApplication::applicationDirPath() +
QString("/I18nApp_") + QLocale::system().name()) , ".");
I18nApp.installTranslator(&Translator);
QPushButton Button(QObject::tr("Push me!"), NULL);
Button.show();
return I18nApp.exec();
}
1. Qt 4
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1.6. MainForm
#ifndef MAINFORM_H
#define MAINFORM_H
#include <QDialog>
class QLayout;
class QHBoxLayout;
class QSpinBox;
class QComboBox;
class QVBoxLayout;
class QCheckBox;
class QLabel;
class MainForm : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainForm( QWidget* parent = 0, Qt::WindowFlags f = 0 );
~MainForm() {}
private:
QVBoxLayout * MainFormLayout;
QHBoxLayout * ChooseFontLayout;
QHBoxLayout * ViewTextLayout;
QComboBox * SelectFontBox;
QSpinBox * SetSize;
QVBoxLayout * SetFontGroup;
QCheckBox * SetBold;
QCheckBox * SetItalic;
QLabel * TextLabel;
private slots:
void setLabelFont();
};
#endif // MAINFORM_H
#include
#include
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#include
"mainform.h"
<QLayout>
<QSpinBox>
<QComboBox>
<QVBoxLayout>
<QCheckBox>
<QLabel>
<QFont>
<QFontDatabase>
33
34
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MainForm::MainForm(QWidget* parent, Qt::WindowFlags f)

: QDialog(parent, f)
{
setWindowTitle(trUtf8(" "));
resize(300, 200);
MainFormLayout = new QVBoxLayout(this);
ChooseFontLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
MainFormLayout->addLayout(ChooseFontLayout);
SelectFontBox = new QComboBox(this);
ChooseFontLayout->addWidget(SelectFontBox, 0, Qt::AlignTop);
SetSize = new QSpinBox(this);
SetSize->setMinimum(1);
SetSize->setMaximum(72);
SetSize->setValue(12);
SetSize->setPrefix(trUtf8(" "));
ChooseFontLayout->addWidget(SetSize, 0, Qt::AlignTop);
QSizePolicy fixedSP = QSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Fixed,
QSizePolicy::Fixed, QSizePolicy::DefaultType);
SetSize->setSizePolicy(fixedSP);
ViewTextLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
MainFormLayout->addLayout(ViewTextLayout);
SetFontGroup = new QVBoxLayout();
SetBold = new QCheckBox(this);
SetFontGroup->addWidget(SetBold);
SetBold->setText(trUtf8(""));
SetItalic = new QCheckBox(this);
SetFontGroup->addWidget(SetItalic);
SetItalic->setText(trUtf8(""));
ViewTextLayout->addLayout(SetFontGroup);
TextLabel = new QLabel(this);
TextLabel->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
TextLabel->setText(trUtf8(" ?\n,
."));
ViewTextLayout->addWidget(TextLabel, 0, Qt::AlignTop);
MainFormLayout->addStretch(1);
connect(SelectFontBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this,
SLOT(setLabelFont()));
connect(SetSize, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), this,
connect(SetBold, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), this, SLOT(setLabelFont()));
connect(SetItalic, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), this,
QFontDatabase fontDatabase;
SelectFontBox->addItems(fontDatabase.families());
setLabelFont();
}
1. Qt 4
35
void MainForm::setLabelFont()
{
QString family = SelectFontBox->currentText();
int size = SetSize->value();
int weight = QFont::Normal;
if(SetBold->isChecked()) weight = QFont::DemiBold;
bool italic = SetItalic->isChecked();
QFont font(family, size, weight, italic);
TextLabel->setFont(font);
}
MainForm mainform.h.
MainForm. MainForm . MainFormLayout
QVBoxLayout. QVBoxLayout .
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, , "". "", . "-
I.
40
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Designer ""). , .

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, . Qt Designer .
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1. Qt 4
41
, ,
. . , ,
clicked() reject() (
). , ,
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"",
connect().
, (action
editor). , Borland Delphi C++ Builder. , ,
( , , ).

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, .
:
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. . - , setEnabled(FALSE) QAction
. . , QAction
,
.

, QAction , , "
". , .
42
I.
,
. , ,
, , ( ), . . (
actionOpen_File).
.
fileOpenButton.
clicked(), actionOpen_File, trigger(). , . .
Qt Designer
- . ,
Delphi Borland C++ Builder, . , . Delphi Borland C++ Builder
( , ). Qt Designer
, . , QPushButton - ,
QPushButton. ... ( !). (. 1.10), -
QPushButton ,
.
? , QPushButton, , ,
QPushButton, protected.
. , , , , Qt Designer
. , ,
,
. ,
? .
, , .
. , QPushButton,
..., QPushButton
.
1. Qt 4
43
. 1.10.
- ++? uic, user interface compiler ( ). :

uic MainForm.ui
C++. uic
(
C++) . , uic
C++.
uic .
, :
uic MainForm.ui > ui_MainForm.h
, uic ( 1.7).
1.7. , uic
#ifndef UI_MAINWINDOW_H
#define UI_MAINWINDOW_H
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
<QtCore/QVariant>
<QtGui/QAction>
<QtGui/QApplication>
<QtGui/QButtonGroup>
<QtGui/QDialog>
I.
44
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
<QtGui/QHBoxLayout>
<QtGui/QHeaderView>
<QtGui/QLabel>
<QtGui/QPushButton>
<QtGui/QSpacerItem>
<QtGui/QVBoxLayout>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class Ui_MainWindow
{
public:
QAction *actionOpen_File;
QVBoxLayout *verticalLayout_2;
QVBoxLayout *verticalLayout;
QHBoxLayout *horizontalLayout;
QPushButton *fileOpenButton;
QSpacerItem *horizontalSpacer;
QLabel *label;
void setupUi(QDialog *MainWindow)
{
if (MainWindow->objectName().isEmpty())
MainWindow->setObjectName(QString::fromUtf8("MainWindow"));
MainWindow->resize(400, 300);
actionOpen_File = new QAction(MainWindow);
actionOpen_File->setObjectName(
QString::fromUtf8("actionOpen_File"));
verticalLayout_2 = new QVBoxLayout(MainWindow);
verticalLayout_2->setObjectName(
QString::fromUtf8("verticalLayout_2"));
verticalLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
verticalLayout->setObjectName(
QString::fromUtf8("verticalLayout"));
horizontalLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
horizontalLayout->setObjectName(
QString::fromUtf8("horizontalLayout"));
fileOpenButton = new QPushButton(MainWindow);
fileOpenButton->setObjectName(
QString::fromUtf8("fileOpenButton"));
horizontalLayout->addWidget(fileOpenButton);
horizontalSpacer = new QSpacerItem(40, 20,
QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Minimum);
horizontalLayout->addItem(horizontalSpacer);
1. Qt 4
45
verticalLayout->addLayout(horizontalLayout);
label = new QLabel(MainWindow);
label->setObjectName(QString::fromUtf8("label"));
QSizePolicy sizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Preferred,
QSizePolicy::Preferred);
sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0);
sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(1);
sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(
label->sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth());
label->setSizePolicy(sizePolicy);
verticalLayout->addWidget(label);
verticalLayout_2->addLayout(verticalLayout);
retranslateUi(MainWindow);
QObject::connect(fileOpenButton, SIGNAL(clicked()),
actionOpen_File, SLOT(trigger()));
QMetaObject::connectSlotsByName(MainWindow);
} // setupUi
void retranslateUi(QDialog *MainWindow)
{
...
} // retranslateUi
};
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow: public Ui_MainWindow {};
} // namespace Ui
QT_END_NAMESPACE
#endif // UI_MAINWINDOW_H
Ui_MainWindow,
setupUi(). ,
. ,
actionOpen_File .
retranslateUi()
( , , ).
MainWindow,
Ui_MainWindow. MainWindow
I.
46
Ui.
, MainWindow
, . , uic ,
UTF-8. :
. uic
, cpp. .
.
MainWindow,
( 1.8).
1.8.
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include "ui_MainWindow.h"
#include <QDialog>
class MainWindow : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
Ui::MainWindow * ui;
public:
explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
signals:
private slots:
void openFile();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
#include
#include
#include
#include
"mainwindow.h"
<QMessageBox>
<QFileDialog>
<QPixmap>
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent)
1. Qt 4
47
{
ui = new Ui::MainWindow();
ui->setupUi(this);
connect(ui->actionOpen_File, SIGNAL(triggered()), this,
SLOT(openFile()));
}
void MainWindow::openFile()
{
QPixmap pm;
QString fn = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,
trUtf8(" "));
if (fn != "") {
if (!pm.load(fn))
QMessageBox::critical(this, trUtf8(""),trUtf8(
" ."));
else {
ui->label->setPixmap(pm);
setWindowTitle(trUtf8(" ") + fn);
}
}
}
Ch1/designrdemo
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
MainWindow Ui::MainWindow, uic, setupUi() , this
. , MainWindow
QDialog. ,
setupUi() , " QDialog". ui.
, triggered()
actionOpen_File ( openFile). getOpenFileName() QFileDialog
( ),
QPixmap. , ,
, getOpenFileName() (
). QPixmap
( load() true),
ui->label
setPixmap(). , (. 1.11).
? .
-
48
I.
. : , ,
- , , . .
. 1.11. , 1
,
( MainWindow) ( Ui::MainWindow).
MainWindow ,
: actionOpen_File,
label. , "" MainWindow , , actionOpen_File
label. (
), MainWindow (,
).
Delphi Borland C++ Builder,
, , , . ( ) . , , .
1. Qt 4
49

, Delphi ,
, openFile clicked() ( , , - ).
. ,
Qt Designer .
( ...). , . , uic
. , ,
Qt Designer, ,
(Change signals/slots), - .
, . , , , .
MainWindow ui.
, . . ,
, , Qt Creator.
: C++,
MainWindow QDialog Ui::MainWubdow:
class MainWindow : public QDialog, private Ui::MainWindow {
...
};

MainWindow (, Ui::MainWindow public). , ui, ,
, .
Qt Designer

. Qt Designer
, QDialog, QMainWindow.
QMainWindow QDialog
", ". , (
, , , designerdemo2).
Qt Designer .
50
I.
, , ,
.
. , ( ,
). ,
, . . , , ( -
). , ...
, . , . Qt
.
, ,
(, , ,
, , , , ). , , ,
, , ,
. ,
, , , , . , , .

, . Qt Designer,
c qrc.
XML. " ", ,
.
, .
.
designerdemo2/Images. - " ". c qrc. ,
( , ).
Qt Designer
(Resource Browser) (Edit Resources). (. 1.12). (New Resource File) (,
, , , , qrc).
.
1. Qt 4
51
, . , ( ),
.
qrc ( 1.9).
. 1.12.
1.9. qrc
<RCC>
<qresource prefix="Images">
<file>Images/folderfilled.png</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>
, .
.
designerdemo2.pro :
RESOURCES += designerdemo2.qrc
-
(. 1.13).
, .
.
QLabel ,
.
I.
52
. 1.13.
MainWindow, demodesigner ( demodesigner2). Ui::MainWindow QMainWindow,

MainWindow QDialog QMainWindow.
setupUi(). ,
. MainWindow . .
(. 1.14) ,
. main.cpp,
main() . , .
, .
.
,
( main()),
, .
rcc, Qt. rcc rcc. . RESOURCES pro
, main.cpp - .
rcc QResource.

QResource::registerResource().
( ),
QResource::unregisterResource(). true, , false
.

, , ,
, *.rcc.
, , Qt Designer.
, , ,
1. Qt 4
53
. 1.14. , 2
, ? . ,
Qt,
.
folderfilled.png QPixmap,
:
QPixmap pm;
pm.load(":/Images/folderfilled.png");
, , ":/", ,
, . Qt ,
I.
54
QDir, QFileInfo Qt,

.

, QLineEdit QLabel
. &,
,
. ,
.
, QLineEdit.
, ,
, . Qt Designer (
buddy editor) -, , .

. , ,
. 1.15.
1. Qt 4
55
,
- , , , .

. (. 1.15). , <Tab>. ,
.
Qt Designer
. , , ,
12 , ( ). , . .
-
styleSheet... (Change styleSheet...)1.
( 1.10).
1.10. QLineEdit
QLineEdit{border-style: outset;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 8px;
font: bold 12px; min-height: 1em; min-width: 10em;padding: 6px;}
QLineEdit:focus{background-color: yellow}
, .
. ,
:focus , ,
. . border-style, border-width, border-radius . font .
min-height min-width .
, , .

Qt, :focus . , ,
, QML. , . , , focus, , .
, styleSheet , , " ", .
I.
56
QLineEdit, , , (. 1.16). ,
, Qt Designer.
(Preview). , styleSheet . , ?
. 1.16. QLineEdit
setStyleSheet()
QApplication. Qt Designer .
, , .
. ,
QRadioButton, (
, . .).
( 1.11).
1.11.
QRadioButton::indicator::unchecked {
image: url(:/unchecked.png);
}
QRadioButton::indicator::checked {
image: url(:/checked.png);
}
image , URL. ,
, , .
:
Qt ( QRadioButton::indicator).
1. Qt 4
57
Qt library
Qt 4 Tulip (), Qt 3. Tulip (, , , , ) : ( QMap
QMultiMap), - ( QHash QMultiHash) ( QSet). QMap QMultiMap QHash QMultiHash ,
,
. ,
,
. QHash QMultiHash . -
( ).
-, ,
( ).
-.
Qt, , , QHash .
QHash QMultiHash (, , ) , , .
Qt 4
CMake
Qt,
"" ( designerdemo2), CMake.
CMake Qt, Qt . , CMake KDE 4.x, Qt 4.x. CMake
, -, CMake.
Linux CMake - Linux. CMake Windows (, : http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html).
CMakeLists.txt designerdemo2.
( 1.12).
Ch1/designerdemo2 http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
1.12. CMakeLists.txt designerdemo2
project(designerdemo2 C CXX)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.0)
set (CMAKE_IN_SOURCE_BUILD TRUE)
58
I.
set(SOURCES main.cpp mainwindow.cpp)

set(UIS MainWindow.ui)
set(MOC_HEADERS mainwindow.h)
set (designerdemo2_RCCS designerdemo2.qrc)
set(QM_FILES designerdemo2_ru.qm)
add_definitions(-Wall -g)
find_package(Qt4 REQUIRED)
include(${QT_USE_FILE})
qt4_wrap_ui(UI_HEADERS ${UIS})
qt4_wrap_cpp(MOC_SRCS ${MOC_HEADERS})
qt4_add_resources(designerdemo2_RCC_SRCS ${designerdemo2_RCCS})
include_directories( ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} )
add_executable(designerdemo2 ${SOURCES} ${UI_HEADERS} ${MOC_SRCS}
${designerdemo2_RCC_SRCS} ${QM_FILES})
target_link_libraries(designerdemo2 ${QT_LIBRARIES})
add_custom_target(translations DEPENDS ${QM_FILES})
qt4_add_translation(designerdemo2_ru.qm mainwindow.cpp ${MOC_SRCS}
${UI_HEADERS} designerdemo2_ru.ts)
CMake , . ,
CMake. CMake
: , .
CMake , . , ,
. CMake , . , .
CMake. , , , , CMake
.
CMake . CMake, ,
, .
CMake .
CMake .
(IF(), If(), if() iF() ),
. , c , . - ( CMake , CMake,
).
.
project() , ( ) .
designerdemo2, C CXX C C++ -
1. Qt 4
59
. C++, C
, . . CMake.
cmake_minimum_required() CMake,
.
, set(),
CMake. set() . (
, ),
, ( ). ,
set(SOURCES main.cpp mainwindow.cpp)
SOURCES main.cpp mainwindow.cpp ( , SOURCES

). ,
.
CMake: ,
set(). ${_}. ,
, , , , .
add_definitions() .

find_package(Qt4 REQUIRED)
CMake Qt 4, REQUIRED
, . qt4_wrap_ui()
qt4_wrap_cpp() C++,
Qt, Q_OBJECT, .
qt4_add_resources() , .
add_executable() , , , .
. ,
.
target_link_libraries() , . Qt 4 QT_LIBRARIES,
CMake Qt4. ,
. designerdemo2
:
cmake ./
cmake make- ( , ,
), . all clean, translations .
Qt

Qt:
.
.
C++ :
, . , , ,
? , ? C++
, C++
.

- . , Objective-C C# .
-,
,
, C++.
Qt
Qt
-. , ,
, , .
Qt,
, . QEvent.
- protected. ,
, - Qt.
2. Qt
61
, ( ,
Qt, , Qt
- ).
QLineEdit ,
bash ( , bash, :
, , bash , ). , Windows .
, . ,
, ,
. , : ,
(
). .
, , Ch2/testevents (
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/). . Qt Designer QLineEdit,
... (. 1) AutoCompleteEdit (. 2.1).
, , , ,
AutoCompleteEdit. autocompleteedit.h ( 2.1).
. 2.1. QLineEdit AutoCompleteEdit
I.
62
2.1. AutoCompleteEdit
#ifndef AUTOCOMPLETEEDIT_H
#define AUTOCOMPLETEEDIT_H
#include <QWidget>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QKeyEvent>
class AutoCompleteEdit: public QLineEdit
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit AutoCompleteEdit(QWidget* parent=0) : QLineEdit(parent)
{
autoCompleteList = new QStringList();
}
~AutoCompleteEdit()
{
delete autoCompleteList;
}
void setAutoCompleteList(const QStringList &list)
{
(*autoCompleteList) = list;
}
protected:
void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent * event)
{
if (event->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) {
for (int i = 0; i < autoCompleteList->count(); i++)
if (autoCompleteList->at(i).startsWith(text())) {
setText(autoCompleteList->at(i));
break;
}
event->accept();
return;
}
QLineEdit::keyPressEvent(event);
}
private:
QStringList * autoCompleteList;
};
#endif // AUTOCOMPLETEEDIT_H
AutoCompleteEdit , QLineEdit setAutoCompleteList().

QStringList, -
2. Qt
63
. , ,
setAutoCompleteList(), keyPressEvent(),
, , .

, ,
setAutoCompleteList(), , , . .
. , . ,
( ), Qt
implicit sharing copy-on-write. ,
, . ,
. , , .
keyPressEvent().
event, QKeyEvent. , . event->key()
. , . , autoCompleteList ,
, (
text()). , (
setText()) .
event->accept(); , (
, ).
- , keyPressEvent()
QLineEdit, event.
AutoCompleteEdit , QLineEdit, .
, . ? Qt library
: , , . , ,
( ,
). ,
( <Ctrl> <Alt>).
. ,
- QPushButton
64
I.
( ).
QPushButton focusPolicy StrongFocus
ClickFocus.
, .
"" , .
, , ,
Qt. (
), , ,
Qt . , ""
,
. , , , , . -
QObject - . event().
QEvent ( ). , event()
, Qt. - , , ,
-
. event() " " , true, false. event()
( 2.2).
2.2. event()
bool event(QEvent *event)
{
if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent *ke = static_cast<QKeyEvent *>(event);
if (ke->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) {
for (int i = 0; i < autoCompleteList->count(); i++)
if (autoCompleteList->at(i).startsWith(text())) {
setText(autoCompleteList->at(i));
break;
}
return true;
}
}
return QLineEdit::event(event);
}
- QEvent type(), . , , -
2. Qt
65
QKeyEvent - .
QKeyEvent , , true ( ). , event event() .
, , .
, , event().
. , event() - . , , .
, event() . , , QMouseEvent event() . ,
. event() - .
, event(), -
, . event() . " " C++: ,
(, -: " ").

:
, - , ? . , , - ,
. , ,
,
,
, ( KDE).
event() , ,
. event()
, ,
. .
. ,
, . , QCoreApplication::notify(). , QCoreApplication QApplication,
. notify() .
receiver , .
I.
66
event QEvent .
bool, , , event(). notify() :
return receiver->event(event);
.

QCoreApplication::notify() , . QCoreApplication::
notify()
, , ,
,
.
. , , ( 2.3).
2.3.
Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
QStringList sl;
sl << "FreeBSD" << "Linux" << "MacOS X"
<< "QNX" << "Symbian" << "Windows";
ui->lineEdit->setAutoCompleteList(sl);
}
,
Qt library. , "Wi", (, ),
.
, , Drag and Drop ( ) ,
. , , designerdemo2.
dragndropdemo Ch2. ,
,
.
, . ,
MainWindow dragEnterEvent() dropEvent()
( 2.4), ( 2.5).
2. Qt
2.4. " "
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include "ui_MainWindow.h"
#include <QMainWindow>
class QDragEnterEvent;
class QDropEvent;
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
Ui::MainWindow * ui;
public:
explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
protected:
void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event);
void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event);
signals:
private slots:
void openFile();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
2.5. " "
QMainWindow(parent)
{
ui = new Ui::MainWindow();
ui->setupUi(this);
connect(ui->actionOpen_File, SIGNAL(triggered()), this,
SLOT(openFile()));
setAcceptDrops(true);
}
void MainWindow::openFile()
{
QPixmap pm;
QString fn = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,
trUtf8("Open image"));
if (fn != "") {
if (!pm.load(fn))
QMessageBox::critical(this, trUtf8("Error"),
trUtf8("Unable to load image from the selected file."));
else {
67
I.
68
setWindowTitle(trUtf8("Image Viewer ") + fn);

}
}
}
void MainWindow::dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event)
{
if (event->mimeData()->hasUrls())
event->accept();
}
void MainWindow::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
{
if (event->mimeData()->hasUrls()) {
QPixmap pm;
QString fn = event->mimeData()->urls().at(0).toLocalFile();
if (pm.load(fn)) {
setWindowTitle(trUtf8("Image Viewer ") + fn);
}
event->accept();
}
}
MainWindow setAcceptDrops()
true. , MainWindow . QDragEnterEvent , (
) . , ,
, "" . QDragEnterEvent QDropEvent
mimeData(), QMimeData.

.
. ,
, Qt Drag and Drop URL. hasUrls() QMimeData ,
URL. ,
accept() event. accept() ,
. Qt, ,
,
.

, URL . , .
accept() , ("
"),
.
2. Qt
69
dropEvent() ,
,
. , URL. , , . .
accept() dragEnterEvent(), dropEvent()
, .
event->mimeData()->urls()
(QList<QUrl>). (
) toLocalFile() . .
: Drag and Drop MainWindow, QLabel,
MainWindow "" ,
label. , , QLabel Drag and Drop ,
. , ,
, , Drag and Drop, QLabel
, . . MainWindow.
,

, , ,
exec() , . exec() ?
: , . .
- (, ).
,
, Qt . ,
Qt, (
)
. , QCoreApplication::postEvent().
, QCoreApplication::notify(), , notify(),
postEvent() , . postEvent(), . , - QEvent, postEvent().
, postEvent()
, ,
70
I.
. postEvent()
(
). new, postEvent()
Qt. Qt ,
( -
).
,
. QCoreApplication::sendEvent() , notify(). sendEvent() ( )
. sendEvent()
, sendEvent(), .
sendEvent() , ,
. ,
, , , ( , ). , - 10 QPaintEvent (, QPaintEvent ).
sendEvent(), 10 . , .
10 postEvent(),
"" Qt "", 10
10 .
, " " (event compression),
.
, . , , , .
. , , QWidget::repaint(). ,
, ,
, .
,
2.6.
2.6. Qt
while (!exit_was_called) {
while (!posted_event_queue_is_empty) {
process_next_posted_event();
}
2. Qt
71
while (!spontaneous_event_queue_is_empty) {
process_next_spontaneous_event();
}
while (!posted_event_queue_is_empty) {
process_next_posted_event();
}
}
, . , , , , (
), (
). ,
, , . . -,
(Jasmin Blanchette), ( , Qt Quarterly), -, Qt. ,
. , ,
, , .
, ,
, ,
, . , , ,
, ,
, Qt. Qt. ,
, . . ,
(, )
, .
, ,
, , , , "" .
Qt, QCoreApplication::
postEvent() , -
. postEvent() :
.
, , -
I.
72
, sendEvent() ( );
postEvent() -
.
, .
, QCoreApplication::processEvents(),
, ,
postEvent(), , postEvent(),
, postEvent().
postEvent(), . , , , .
QCoreApplication::processEvents()
, Qt. Qt
, "" ( ,
). , . , , , , , .
( , ).

QCoreApplication::processEvents() ,
. QApplication,
QCoreApplication, processEvents(), .
QCoreApplication::sendPostedEvents(),
,
. , .
Qt
Qt , . ,
QThread. Qt, , . ,
QCoreApplication::notify() (
, -).
QCoreApplication::notify() QCoreApplication::sendEvent() , .
, , ,
2. Qt
73
, sendEvent(). sendEvent()
( notify()),
, sendEvent(), , -. ,
, , , -,
,
.
postEvent().
QCoreApplication::postEvent()
, , sendEvent(), . ,
, , . ,
""
postEvent(). , , , . processEvents()
, ,
.

deleteLater() Qt
. ,
. Qt.
deleteLater() :
, . , , Windows, PostMessage()
Windows API. deleteLater() , ,
- .

, , - .
Qt .
, ,
( ).
(,
) .
QObject,
eventFilter(). ,
installEventFilter() , , - . -
74
I.
, QLineEdit, QLineEdit ( 2.7).

2.7. QLineEdit
class EventFilter : public QObject
{
public:
bool eventFilter(QObject *object, QEvent *event)
{
if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent *ke = static_cast<QKeyEvent *>(event);
if (ke->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) {
QLineEdit * le = static_cast<QLineEdit *>(object);
QStringList sl;
sl << "FreeBSD" << "Linux" << "MacOS X"
<< "QNX" << "Symbian" << "Windows";
for (int i = 0; i < sl.count(); i++)
if (sl.at(i).startsWith(le->text())) {
le->setText(sl.at(i));
break;
}
return true;
} else
return false;
}
return false;
}
};
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
eventFilter = new EventFilter();
ui->lineEdit->installEventFilter(eventFilter);
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
delete ui;
delete eventFilter;
}
Ch2/eventfilter.
EventFilter. eventFilter()
: , ,
2. Qt
75
, "".
bool, ,
( false) ( true).
lineEdit QLineEdit,
, eventFilter()
. event(), ,
. ,
event(), , ( ) .
, , . , QCoreApplication::InstallEventFilter().
,
. , .
, . QCoreApplication::
setEventFilter() ,
. , ,
bool myEventFilter(void *message, long *result);
""
-.
Qt library
Qt Qt.
, Qt , , ,
. , , , . Qt , , .
, . Qt ( ), slots. . . -,
, . - QEvent
, . ,
,
76
I.
.
.
.
, C:
, . ,
, , int
( , ). :
, ,
( )
.
:
Connect(ui->actionOpen_File, SIGNAL(triggered()), this,
SLOT(openFile()));
triggered() actionOpen_File
openFile() this. SIGNAL() SLOT()
QString.
: connect() (
) , . ,
. ,
, connect(), , , . , . ,
, , .
, ,
C++. connect() disconnect(), .
.
. , - QWidget widget QWidget
*. QWidget setText(), , ,
, .
:
connect(this, SIGNAL(textChanged(const QString &), widget,
SLOT(setText(const QString &)));
. , Qt
, widget, -
2. Qt
77
, , , . , setText() , . , ( connect() false), . ,

,
C++.
, ( ) . ,
, ,
.
, . . ? , .
,
( ,
,
).

,
( , ""
QObject),
.
, , , . ,
.
.
, , , - .
, ,
. , . .
, (
). .
(, Qt Creator),
on_, , , . . , on_, Qt.
.

, , C++ Builder. , Qt
, , (. . Qt
78
I.
).
Qt, . : , - (Player), - . Player
setPosition(), . ,
, .
.
, , . , . , Borland ++ Builder. , , ,
. , , setPosition() -. , ,
. , setPosition()
. setPosition() ,
setPosition()... , . .
, : , (, ).
Player ( 2.8).
2.8. Player
class QTimer;
class Player : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Player();
~Player();
public slots:
void setPosition(int pos);
signals:
void positionChanged(int pos);
private:
QTimer * timer;
int position;
private slots:
void timeout();
};
2. Qt
79
, , .
positionChanged()
, QTimer. Q_OBJECT.
, . : setPosition(),
public slots:, timeout(), private
slots:. timeout() timer, timeout() .
, timeout() position
positionChanged(). setPosition() ( 2.9).
2.9. setPosition()
void Player::setPosition(int pos)
{
position = pos;
emit positionChanged(position%100);
}
position positionChanged().
emit. .
, , Player.
, , .
,
Player QSlider () ( 2.10). Ch2/circledsignals.
2.10.
connect(ui->horizontalSlider, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), player,
SLOT(setPosition(int)));
connect(player, SIGNAL(positionChanged(int)), ui->horizontalSlider,
SLOT(setValue(int)));
. valueChanged()
horizontalSlider setPosition() player, positionChanged(). setValue()
horizontalSlider, setValue()
valueChanged().
, . " "
. , QSlider,
80
I.
Qt library, "" setValue() valueChanged(), . ,

, Qt, Indicator, QLabel.
setValue() valueChanged() ( 2.11).
2.11. setValue() Indicator
void Indicator::setValue(int value)
{
setText(QString::number(value));
//if (!QCoreApplication::hasPendingEvents())
emit valueChanged(value);
}
( 2.12).
2.12. ,
connect(ui->indicator, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), player,
connect(player, SIGNAL(positionChanged(int)), ui->indicator,
SLOT(setValue(int)));
, ,
2.11, , ,
Borland C++ Builder. ( 2.13).
2.13.
connect(ui->indicator, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), player,
connect(player, SIGNAL(positionChanged(int)), ui->indicator,
SLOT(setValue(int)), Qt::QueuedConnection);
Indicator::setValue(int value)
Qt::QueuedConnection ,
. , (. 2.2). , , , . , , 2.11. , ,
.
2. Qt
81
. 2.2. ,
, , Qt::DirectConnection.
connect() Qt::AutoConnection. , ,
Qt::DirectConnection.
, Qt::QueuedConnection.
Qt::UniqueConnection. ,
Qt::AutoConnection, ,
, .

, ,
. ,
.
, :
connect(ui->pushButton_3, SIGNAL(clicked()), ui->pushButton_2,
SIGNAL(clicked()));
pushButton_3 clicked()
pushButton_2, , , , .
(, -)
C++ Builder , ,
. QObject sender(),
( QObject) , , . sender() , , 0.
, , sender(), . receivers(), protected,
, .
QSignalMapper -
, , - , . , . clicked()
I.
82
, "", .
Qt
QSignalMapper. , QSignalMapper, :
, clicked().
QPushButton clicked().
, bool. , , ,
. , , sender() , clicked(), , sender(),
QPushButton, - .
,
QPushButton . , , ,
Qt , .

, .
QSignalMapper ,
Qt. ,
,
, . QSignalMapper -. Ch2/calculator/
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/).
Calculator, , , , ( 2.14).
2.14. Calculator
class Calculator : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit Calculator(QObject *parent = 0);
signals:
void valueChanged(int value);
public slots:
void digitButtonPressed(int button);
void operationButtonPressed(int button);
private:
int operation;
Modes mode;
int bgValue, fgValue;
};
2. Qt
83
.
. . digitButtonPressed() ,
. , , . operationButtonPressed() ,
("", "", "",
""). .
,
. Calculator .
valueChanged() , , , . ,
Calculator.
( Dialog,
QDialog) QLCDNumber . Dialog ( 2.15).
2.15. Dialog
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
QSignalMapper * mapper = new QSignalMapper(0);
connect(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), mapper, SLOT(map()));
mapper->setMapping(ui->pushButton, digit0);
connect(ui->pushButton_2, SIGNAL(clicked()), mapper, SLOT(map()));
mapper->setMapping(ui->pushButton_2, digit1);
I.
84
Calculator * calculator = new Calculator(0);

connect(mapper, SIGNAL(mapped(int)), calculator,
SLOT(digitButtonPressed(int)));
connect(calculator, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), ui->lcdNumber,
SLOT(display(int)));
QSignalMapper * mapper2 = new QSignalMapper(0);
connect(ui->pushButton_11, SIGNAL(clicked()), mapper2, SLOT(map()));
mapper2->setMapping(ui->pushButton_11, opPlus);
mapper2->setMapping(ui->pushButton_12, opMinus);
mapper2->setMapping(ui->pushButton_13, opEqual);
mapper2->setMapping(ui->pushButton_14, opCancel);
connect(mapper2, SIGNAL(mapped(int)), calculator,
SLOT(operationButtonPressed(int)));
}
mapper QSignalMappper. ( , ,
) . ,
clicked() QPushButton map()
QSignalMappper.
setMapping() QSignalMappper. QPushButton ,
. setMapping()
, , . QSignalMappper
int (, ), QString, QWidget *, QObject *.
mapped() QSignalMappper
, . , setMapping()
. setMapping(QObject * sender, int id), . .
int, mapped() int :
connect(mapper, SIGNAL(mapped(int)), calculator,
SLOT(digitButtonPressed(int)));
, QSignalMappper clicked()
pushButton QPushButton 1,
pushbutton clicked() mapped(int) 1.

QSignalMappper , mapped()? . QSignalMappper , ,
2. Qt
85
. mapped() . ,
QSignalMappper, , QSignalMappper
.
,
digitButtonPressed(), int . operationButtonPressed() QSignalMappper.
valueChanged() - display()
QLCDNumber (. 2.3). ,
Qt .
removeMappings() ,
.
. 2.3. -

, ,
.
(, ), ,
. ,
(,
operationButtonPressed()), ( ,
, ,
).

, , ( ) , . ,
, , ,
, . - , ,
, , , - Windows
Linux ( ). , , , , .

, , ...
, , , ,
. ,
, . , , . ,
, , :
, .
,
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. , .

:
, .
(
3.
87
) .
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.

,
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:
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. , .
- .

,
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, .
88
I.

""
,
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, . : , , , .
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. ,
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, , , .

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:
0, 1, . ,
, , . . , , ,
. , , , , 100. 100? , ? , ,
(, , ). :
, , , ,
,
.
3.
89
"" ? , ( ), .

"" - , . - , , Qt. , Qt
-, Qt
, .
, , , 32- Windows, 64- Linux ( ),
.

-, .
, , ,
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, , , , , Qt , . Qt ,
.
,
,
. ,
, , .
, ,
, , . ,
, , .
. , , , .
.
.
, Qt library.
, , . 32- -
I.
90
, - , -. -
-
,
.

, . ,
CMake CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P, . . Qt , . , ,
. 32- 64- , 32 . , ,
. . , , .
-
(
, ).
-
UTF-16, , , Latin-1. Qt , ,
.
, . , ,
, . , UTF-8 UTF-16.
Windows Linux . , , Qt Creator Windows .
-. Qt Creator
Windows (CP1251 Windows). UTF-16
QString::fromLocal8Bit(), . UTF16 . , Linux ( , Windows) , , . , Linux,
UTF-16 . : main() , -
exec() , :
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("Windows-1251"));
3.
91
, , <QTextCodec>.
,
CP-1251. . Qt, ,
, , .

, UTF-8. Qt Creator
( | ...). System UTF-8.
Microsoft Visual Studio,
UTF-8.

UTF-8, " ", Qt
UTF-16? : UTF-8 ,
" " , .
.
:
(, const).
.
(
). Qt ,
" ". ,
,
, , (
, - ) .
-, ,
:
. .
,
. ,
. ,
, . , ,
( -) , .
. ,
, , . , ,
I.
92
(, Microsoft Windows,
Windows NT)
.
, , , .
Qt .
Qt ( ) ,
. QSysInfo
(, qglobal.h). ,
, Qt . .
Qt QT_VERSION.
, , 0x040700 Qt 4.7.
#ifdef:
Q_OS_WIN32 , 32- Windows;
Q_OS_WIN64 , 64- Windows. -
, Q_OS_WIN32, , 64- Windows 32- .

, Q_OS_WIN64,
Q_OS_WIN32;
Q_OS_WIN , , , -
Windows (32-, 64-, Windows

CE), , Windows;
Q_OS_LINUX , Linux;
QT_LINUXBASE ,
Linux Standard Base.

__LSB_VERSION__;
Q_OS_FREEBSD , FreeBSD.
Linux FreeBSD ,
. CMake
CMakeLists.txt ( 3.1).
3.1. CMakeLists.txt
if (CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 4)
set (NUM_BITS 32)
endif(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 4)
if (CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
set (NUM_BITS 64)
endif(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
configure_file(config.h.in config.h)
3.
93
configure_file(). config.h.in ,
CMake config.h ( config.h.in ). config.h.in,
, CMakeLists.txt, :
#define NUM_BITS ${NUM_BITS}
cmake ./ config.h, :
#define NUM_BITS 32
#define NUM_BITS 64
, CMake.
config.h
C++, sizeof(void*).
CMake , ,
,
. , , , , ,
. ,
( ). , ,
.
QSysInfo.
,
. getOSVersion() ( 3.2).
3.2. getOSVersion()
QString getOSVersion()
{
static QString osVersion;
if(osVersion.isEmpty())
{
#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
utsname buf;
if(uname(&buf) != -1)
{
osVersion.append(buf.release).append(QLatin1Char(' '));
osVersion.append(buf.sysname).append(QLatin1Char(' '));
osVersion.append(buf.machine).append(QLatin1Char(' '));
94
I.
osVersion.append(
QLatin1String(" (")).append(buf.machine)
.append(QLatin1Char(')'));
}
else
{
osVersion = QLatin1String("Linux(unknown)");
}
...
#elif defined(Q_OS_WIN)
switch(QSysInfo::WindowsVersion)
{
case QSysInfo::WV_CE_6:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows CE 6.x");
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_CE_5:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows CE 5.x");
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_CENET:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows CE .NET");
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_CE:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows CE");
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_WINDOWS7:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_VISTA:
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_2003:
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_XP:
break;
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_NT:
break;
7");
Vista");
Server 2003");
XP");
2000");
NT");
case QSysInfo::WV_Me:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows Me");
break;
3.
95
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows 98");
break;
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows 95");
break;
case QSysInfo::WV_32s:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows 3.1 with Win32s");
break;
default:
osVersion = QLatin1String("Windows(unknown)");
break;
}
if(QSysInfo::WindowsVersion & QSysInfo::WV_CE_based)
osVersion.append(QLatin1String(" (CE-based)"));
else if(QSysInfo::WindowsVersion & QSysInfo::WV_NT_based)
osVersion.append(QLatin1String(" (NT-based)"));
else if(QSysInfo::WindowsVersion & QSysInfo::WV_DOS_based)
osVersion.append(QLatin1String(" (MS-DOS-based)"));
#else
return QLatin1String("Unknown");
#endif
}
if (QSysInfo::WordSize == 32)
osVersion = osVersion + " 32 bit compiler";
else
if (QSysInfo::WordSize == 64)
osVersion = osVersion + " 64 bit compiler";
if (QSysInfo::ByteOrder == QSysInfo::LittleEndian)
osVersion = osVersion + " little-endian";
else
osVersion = osVersion + " big-endian";
return osVersion;
}
Ch3/getosversion
( http://symmetrica.net/
qt47book/). getOSVersion() ,
(. 3.1).
Linux :
2.6.34.7-0.5-desktop Linux x86_64
(x86_64) 64 bit compiler little-endian
2.6.34.7-0.5 . , QSysInfo , -
96
I.
, getOSVersion() ( , )
: .
. 3.1. getOSVersion()

, ,
, ,
. , ,
.
Qt
, Qt . Qt ,
. Qt Interview Framework. Interview Framework
"".
""
, , ,
. ""
, , "" . ,
. "" ()
, . . , , ,
. , , "" . . Interview Framework "" "",
.
Interview Framework
, ( ) QAbstractItemModel, QAbstractItemView QAbstractItemDelegate.
3.
97
, , , , () . QTableView, QTreeView QListView

: ,
. , ,
QAbstractItemView.
QStandardItemModel, QAbstractItemModel,
. , , . Interview Framework ,
. QDirModel .
,
. ,
, , (
, ) ,
. , QDirModel QTableView, QTreeView,
QListView. QStringListModel, , , .
QAbstractTableModel QAbstractListModel -,
.
QTreeView QListView ,
. QTableView, QTreeView QListView QTableWidget, QTreeWidget QListWidget.
, , . ,
,
. , Interview Framework Qt ,
!
"" (, , Interview Framework) , Interview Framework, ,
. , Interview Framework.
, Interview Framework,
,
. .
, ( "") .
,
.
98
I.

,
. ,
SQLite (. 3.2). Ch3/musicdatabase.
. 3.2.
SQLite (www.sqlite.org) (, ) , SQL ( ).

SQLite (public domain). SQLite , , . SQLite ,
- . SQLite , .
testdb.db, . SQLite
Qt ,
,
.
Qt , , SQlite,
3.
99
.
Qt , , , .

(. 3.3).
Artists
Id PK
Compositions
Id
PK
Title
Artist
Genre
Year
FK1
FK2
Name
Genres
Id PK
Name
. 3.3.

. , , , , . , ,
, . ,
,
.
Compositions, . ,
Compositions Title ( ), Artist (), Genre () Year (). Artist Genre ,
Artists Genres (
).

" ", " "
SQL, , [3].
,
. , .
, , , .
, . , , .
Table
(. 3.4). -
I.
100
. Table , , ,
,
, ,
/ .
QObject
TableIOMapper
friend
Table
-m_model -parent
QSqlRelationalTableModel
-mapper
QDataWidgetMapper
-parent
*
. 3.4. ,

UML 2.0, [1]. UML , , .
/ TableIOMapper, "" Table. , Table QSqlRelationalTableModel, TableIOMapper

QDataWidgetMapper. , Interview
Framework "" Table TableIOMapper. Table
TableIOMapper () "". , Interview Framework, , , , Interview Framework. , , "", . .
Interview Framework .
Table .
,
TableIOMapper (. 3.5). Qt : , (, QTableView) "" ,
. Qt Interview
3.
101
Framework, .
, . , ( ) .
QDialog
ViewCatalogForm
ViewTableForm
Dialog
-m_model
1
TableIOMapper
*
-parent
. 3.5. ,
UML ,
,
. Dialog, Ui::Dialog.

UML, , , ( 3.3).
3.3.
void Dialog::deleteModel()
{
delete artistsMapper;
delete genresMapper;
delete compositionsMapper;
delete artists;
delete genres;
delete compositions;
}
void Dialog::createModel()
{
deleteModel();
artists = new Table(0, "Artists");
102
I.
artists->openTable();
artistsMapper = new TableIOMapper(artists);
genres = new Table(0, "Genres");
genres->openTable();
genresMapper = new TableIOMapper(genres);
compositions = new Table(0, "Compositions");
compositions->addRelation("Artist", "Artists", "id", "Name");
compositions->addRelation("Genre", "Genres", "id", "Name");
compositionsMapper = new TableIOMapper(compositions);
}
void Dialog::setupView()
{
genresForm->setMapper(genresMapper);
artistsForm->setMapper(artistsMapper);
compositionsMapper->setView(ui->tableView);
compositionsMapper->refresh();
compositionsMapper->setColumnName(0,
QString::fromUtf8(""));
compositionsMapper->setColumnName(1,
QString::fromUtf8(""));
compositionsMapper->setColumnName(2, QString::fromUtf8(""));
compositionsMapper->setColumnName(3, QString::fromUtf8(""));
ui->tableView->hideColumn(4);
}
createModel() Dialog ,
Table TableIOMapper. compositions
Compositions. addRelation().
, , .
compositions->addRelation("Artist", "Artists", "id", "Name");
compositions, Artist Compositions

id Artists. .
, ,
, ,
. SQL . ,
Artists :
CREATE VIEW Compositions_View AS SELECT Compositions.Title,
Artists.Name AS Artist,
Genres.Name AS Genre, Compositions.Year FROM Compositions, Artists,
Genres WHERE Compositions.Artist = Artists.id AND
Compositions.Genre = Genres.id
INNER JOIN. Qt Interview Framework ,
3.
103
Compositions
. addRelation(). , Artists,
. compositions Compositions_View,
. compositions - Compositions ,
Compositions_View ().
QSqlRelationalTableModel, Table.

Table, , ?
, Table ?
. ,
. addRelation() ,
. , . .
QSqlRelationalTableModel , , :
;
, , NULL.
,
, , ,
addRelation() , .
, . , ,
QSqlRelationalTableModel, SQL,
Compositions_View.
, SQL, ,
Compositions.Artist Compositions.Genre NULL
(, ).
artists genres,
, Compositions ( ), Artists Genres .
compositions, artists genres ,
. . compositions Artists
Genres, , artists
genres. , "-
104
I.
" Artists Genres .

Interview Framework, .
: , , .
, , Table,
, ,
. , ,
.
setupView() . artistsForm genresForm ( )
TableIOMapper
, compositionsMapper,
compositionsMapper. setView()
TableIOMapper ,
Interview Framework.
, ,
QAbstractItemView, setView()
QAbstractItemView *.
QTableView.
QTableView (, , ) . ,
. , compositions ,
. QTableView ,
(. . ),
. ,
, , . , ,
,
, .
, ""
, QTableView . QTableView
,
( ) .
, " ", ,
QSpinBox.
3.
105
, QDoubleSpinBox. , QTableView .
, , QTableView . , -,
, .
. , , . , QTableView ,
.
, QTableView .
deleteModel() . , .

, , , deleteModel()
, delete.
,
QPointer. QPointer
(smart pointers), Qt.
, ( ) . , . ,
QPointer<Table> Table.
(Table *) , ( *). , , : , , , . Qt library
, . -
, ,
.
. TablePtr, (,
, >), Table, . TablePtr, , ,
( QPointer<Table>).
TablePtr, , ,
, -, Table. , .
QPointer?
, , -
106
I.
(
QObject ). - ( ), , isNull() ,
QPointer, ( QPointer , 0). QPointer , . -
, , QPointer
. , QPointer
. , , .
QPointer .
musicdatabase ,
.
, . Dialog NULL , . QPointer
. , QPointer, .
, , delete , delete, . , . .
QScopedPointer, Qt 4.6. , (
delete) , ,
, . -,
,
, QScopedPointer . QScopedPointer
delete, ,
new. . QScopedPointer
Qt ,
. , QScopedPointer
delete ,
, , .
-"",
, . Qt 4.7 -
3.
107
. QScopedPointerDeleter, , QScopedPointerArrayDeleter, , new (

QScopedArrayPointer, , new). , QScopedPointerPodDeleter, , , free(). ,
, malloc().
, , Qt,
, .
, -"". -, ,
, ,
.
, , .
mpg123,
MPEG, MP3. mpg123 mpg123_handle.
, ,
.

mpg123 ,
mpg123_handle mpg123
. . ,
mpg123_handle " " ,
. ,
,
, .
mpg123_handle :
mpg123_handle * mpg123_new (const char *decoder, int *error)
, , mpg123, ,
.
mpg123_handle , , , ,
mpg123_new(), void *. mpg123_handle , :
mpg123_delete (mpg123_handle *mh)
, mpg123_handle, - .
, mpg123_handle QScopedPointer,
( 3.4).
108
I.
3.4. QScopedPointer
struct Mpg123HandleDeleter
{
static inline void cleanup(mpg123_handle * handle)
{
mpg123_delete(handle)
}
};
...
int error
QScopedPointer<mpg123_handle, Mpg123HandleDeleter>
mpg123Handle(mpg123_new(NULL, &error));
mpg123Handle mpg123_handle. mpg123_new()

, , , mpg123,
. , mpg123Handle
, mpg123_handle *,
mpg123Handle
cleanup() mpg123HandleDeleter.
cleanup() ( ,
, ),
.

, QScopedPointer.
" "
, , . ( , , ,
). , " ". , . , , -, " ",
, , - ( ), .
, , ,
, . , , .
3.
109
, QPointer.
, . , . QPointer ,
. delete
, ,
. ,
, ,
, . , , "".
( 3.5) ,
, obj .
3.5. ""
typedef QPointer<QObject> ObjPtr;
...
ObjPtr obj
QObject * f = (QObject *) 0xbadf00d;
obj = f;
, , QPointer
. , ,
.
QSharedPointer QAtomicPointer, .
-
, . ,
, ,
, -, . . . ? .
Dialog, , . , , Dialog ui. UML
(. 3.6). , Dialog , Ui::Dialog.
, Qt Creator , Borland. Qt Creator -
, -
I.
110
.... , , Dialog, .
Delphi,
, Dialog ,
Ui::Dialog.
, Dialog, , Ui::Dialog. , (
). Ui::Dialog Dialog . - : Dialog , Ui::Dialog, ,
.
Dialog
Ui::Dialog
-ui
1
. 3.6. Dialog Ui::Dialog
Dialog , . Dialog
( 3.6), ,
- , .
3.6. Dialog,
class Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);
~Dialog();
private:
Ui::Dialog *ui;
bool connectDB(const QString &dBName);
bool createDB(const QString &dBName);
void createModel();
void deleteModel();
3.
111
void setupView();
TablePtr artists;
TablePtr genres;
TablePtr compositions;
TableMapperPtr artistsMapper;
TableMapperPtr genresMapper;
TableMapperPtr compositionsMapper;
ViewCatalogForm * artistsForm;
ViewCatalogForm * genresForm;
QString dbName;
public slots:
void newDB();
void openDB();
void showArtistsForm();
void showGenresForm();
void addRecord();
void deleteRecord();
void cancelChanges();
void save();
};
newDB() .
openDB() .
showArtistsForm() showGenresForm()
. addRecord() deleteRecord()
Artists.
cancelChanges() , , ,
save() . , ,
: ,
, .

, Calculator -,
digitButtonPressed() operationButtonPressed(), . - , ,
Calculator, . , , .
, QAction, , , ,
, Dialog, Ui::Dialog.
, Ui::Dialog ,
.
, Dialog. - -
112
I.
Dialog /.... (. 3.7),

, Dialog QDialog. , Dialog. , connect(), (
, ), : save(), move(int). ( , , ).
. 3.7.
(. 3.8)
, Dialog. Ui::Dialog,
. ,
, , , -
Dialog ( ).
, (. 3.9).
: ,
. ,
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3.
113
. , , . , , , , . .
. 3.8.

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. , . (. . )
. UNIQUE, NOT NULL,
114
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116
Qt
Qt Qt Unit Test Library. Unit Test Library
, - 2. Calculator
.
Ch3/calculator-testing. - ut-calculator
-, Qt Unit Test
Library ( http://symmetrica.net/
qt47book/).
- CalculatorTest, Calculator ( 3.7).
3.7. CalculatorTest
class CalculatorTest : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit CalculatorTest(QObject *parent = 0);
private slots:
void digitButtonPressed();
void operationButtonPressed();
void cancelButtonPressed();
};
CalculatorTest .
( ) .
( 3.8).
3.8. CalculatorTest
#include
#include
#include
#include
"calculatortest.h"
"../calculator.h"
<QtTest/QTest>
<QtTest/QSignalSpy>
CalculatorTest::CalculatorTest(QObject *parent) :
QObject(parent)
{
}
void CalculatorTest::digitButtonPressed()
{
Calculator calculator;
3.
QSignalSpy spy(&calculator, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)));
calculator.digitButtonPressed(digit1);
QVERIFY(spy.count() == 2);
QList<QVariant> args = spy.takeLast();
QVERIFY(args.at(0) == 10);
}
void CalculatorTest::operationButtonPressed()
{
calculator.operationButtonPressed(opPlus);
calculator.operationButtonPressed(opEqual);
QList<QVariant> args = spy.takeLast();
spy.clear();
calculator.operationButtonPressed(opMinus);
calculator.operationButtonPressed(opEqual);
args = spy.takeLast();
QVERIFY(args.at(0) == -14);
}
void CalculatorTest::cancelButtonPressed()
{
calculator.operationButtonPressed(opCancel);
QList<QVariant> args = spy.at(2);
args = spy.takeLast();
}
117
I.
118
.
calculatortest.h calculator.h ( )
: <QtTest/QTest> <QtTest/QSignalSpy>.
, ,
QSignalSpy. ,
pro - :
CONFIG += qtestlib
: , . , ,
QCOMPARE(), QTEST() QVERIFY(). , , . , - .
. QVERIFY().
. Calculator , ,
. QSignalSpy.
.
, initTestCase() (
private slots:, ,
). , , . ( ) , - cleanupTestCase(),
. QSignalSpy.
, . calculator,
, , . , . ,
.

initTestCase() cleanupTestCase(), .
, ,
, , spy. ,

. count() . , valueChanged()
Calculator ,
.
.
3.
119
digitButtonPressed() .
calculator valueChanged() 1 10
. count().
takeLast() . QList,
QSignalSpy. QList<QVariant>. ,
QVERIFY(). , ,
, true false.
false, .
QVERIFY2(),
, , ,
. ,
QVERIFY2(args.at(0) == 10, args.at(0).toByteArray().data());
args.at(0) == 10 args.at(0). , .
CalculatorTest::operationButtonPressed()
, ,
CalculatorTest::cancelButtonPressed() opCancel.
, main(). , Qt Unit Testing
Library, ( 3.9).
3.9. -
#include <QtTest/QTest>
#include "calculatortest.h"
QTEST_MAIN(CalculatorTest);
QTEST_MAIN(),
CalculatorTest, . ,
, : qExec(),
<QtTest/QTest>, - ( ),
. , qExec(), , ,
.
120
I.
Calculator ( ,
), - , 3.10.
3.10.
********* Start testing of CalculatorTest *********
Config: Using QTest library 4.7.0, Qt 4.7.0
PASS : CalculatorTest::initTestCase()
PASS : CalculatorTest::digitButtonPressed()
PASS : CalculatorTest::operationButtonPressed()
PASS : CalculatorTest::cancelButtonPressed()
PASS : CalculatorTest::cleanupTestCase()
Totals: 5 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
********* Finished testing of CalculatorTest *********
, CalculatorTest,
, , , , . .
operationButtonPressed() Calculator ( 3.11).
3.11. operationButtonPressed()
void Calculator::operationButtonPressed(int button)
{
if ((button == opMinus)&&(mode == InputMode)&&(fgValue == 0)) {
sign = -1;
} else {
sign = 1;
}
if ((button != opCancel)&&(button != opEqual)) {
mode = CopyMode;
operation = (int) button;
return;
}
if (button == opEqual) {
switch (operation) {
case opPlus:
fgValue += bgValue;
break;
case opMinus:
fgValue = bgValue fgValue;
default:;
}
mode = CopyMode;
bgValue = 0;
}
3.
121
if (button == opCancel) {
bgValue = fgValue = 0;
operation = opNone;
mode = InputMode;
}
emit valueChanged(fgValue);
}
: equalPressed() otherOpPressed().
, =,
. Calculator, operationButtonPressed() ( 3.12).
3.12. Calculator
void Calculator::operationButtonPressed(int button)
{
if (button == opEqual)
equalPressed();
else
otherOpPressed(button);
}
void Calculator::otherOpPressed(int button)
{
if ((button == opMinus)
&&(((mode == InputMode)&&(fgValue == 0))
|| (mode == CopyMode))) {
sign = -1;
} else {
sign = 1;
if ((button != opCancel)) {
mode = CopyMode;
} else {
operation = opNone;
mode = InputMode;
}
}
}
void Calculator::equalPressed()
{
sign = 1;
I.
122
case opPlus:
fgValue += bgValue;
break;
case opMinus:
default:;
}
mode = CopyMode;
}
- , ( , ).

equalPressed(). , , .
, , valueChanged()
otherOpPressed() ( 3.13).
3.13.
void Calculator::otherOpPressed(int button)
{
if ((button == opMinus)
&&(((mode == InputMode)
&&(fgValue == 0)) || (mode == CopyMode))) {
sign = -1;
} else {
sign = 1;
if ((button != opCancel)) {
mode = CopyMode;
} else {
operation = opNone;
mode = InputMode;
}
}
}
( 3.14).
3.
123
3.14.
********* Start testing of CalculatorTest *********
Config: Using QTest library 4.7.0, Qt 4.7.0
PASS : CalculatorTest::initTestCase()
PASS : CalculatorTest::digitButtonPressed()
PASS : CalculatorTest::operationButtonPressed()
FAIL! : CalculatorTest::cancelButtonPressed()
'spy.count() == 4' returned FALSE. ()
..\ut-calculator\calculatortest.cpp(54) : failure location
PASS : CalculatorTest::cleanupTestCase()
Totals: 4 passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped
********* Finished testing of CalculatorTest *********
,
opCancel valueChanged(), CalculatorTest::cancelButtonPressed() .
, Qt Unit Testing Library . , ,
, . Qt. Qt Unit Testing Library , ,
, . . Qt.
, . , .
, Unit Testing
Library Qt 4.7, .
-
.
Unit Testing Library , , . QBENCHMARK ( 3.15).
3.15. QBENCHMARK
class MytBenchmarkTest: public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
private slots:
void lengthyFunctionTest()
{
QBENCHMARK {
lengthyFunction();
}
}
};
124
I.
,
lengthyFunction().
,
, . ,
. lengthyFunction() , .
,
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Microsoft Borland. , ,
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Windows SDK Debugging Tools for Windows ( ,
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ARM, ,
Windows Linux ,
I.
126
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GNU, , , . ,
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(Debug Release). , , Debug. Qt
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,
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127
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128
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4.
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,
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151
152
153
154
155
156
157
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155,
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130
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131
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132
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133
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(http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net). Eclipse
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</message>
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134
I.
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4.3. cppcheck
[./src/interface/LocalTreeView.cpp:701]:
(style) struct or union member 't_dir::dir' is never used
[./src/interface/defaultfileexistsdlg.h:13] ->
[./src/interface/queue.h:30]: (style) Variable 'download' hides
enumerator with same name
[./src/interface/Mainfrm.cpp:620]: (error) Null pointer dereference
[./src/interface/QueueView.cpp:2009]:
(style) Variable 'download' is assigned a value that is never used
[./src/interface/QueueView.cpp:2051]: (style) Variable 'download' is
assigned a value that is never used
(
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135
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,
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(http://www.wholetomato.com).
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, (IntelliSense), .
Visual Assist X
Calculator, .
equalPressed() operationButtonPressed() (,
, Calculator).
(method
extraction). . , , . , , -
I.
136
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"" , Calculator .

[4], "" . , , ,
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, , Extract Method...
( ). , (. 4.6),
.
4.
137
4.4.
case opPlus:
fgValue += bgValue;
break;
case opMinus:
break;
default:;
}
mode = CopyMode;
bgValue = 0;
}
. 4.6.
, . button,
, Visual Assist X
( ). , Visual Assist X
C++, .
equalPressed() ( 4.5), . .
if(). , . , button == opEqual , , equalPressed() ,
, .
,
, button, () equalPressed() ,
- .
138
I.
,
, ,
button.
4.5.
void Calculator::equalPressed( int button )
{
case opPlus:
fgValue += bgValue;
break;
case opMinus:
default:;
}
mode = CopyMode;
bgValue = 0;
}
}
, "" ,
Visual Assist X .
.
Create Implementation... ( )
, , C++. , Qt
Creator : C++ , , , . Encapsulate Field... ( ) , . .
- - .
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, .
4.
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139
140
I.
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int DataTable::columnIndex( const QString &column ) const
{
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount(); i++) {
if (headerData(i, Qt::Horizontal).toString() == column)
return i;
}
return -1;
}
columnIndex(), . , . , columnIndex()
, ,
. return.
return i;
columnIndex(). ,
for() ( -
4.
141
) .
newMethod() ( 4.7).
4.7.
int DataTable::newMetod(const QString &column)
{
for (int i = 0; i < columnCount(); i++) {
if (headerData(i, Qt::Horizontal).toString() == column)
return i;
}
}
newMethod() . -, ,
, , ( ,
i columnCount()).
C++ , , , , . . , columnIndex() ( 4.8).
4.8.
{
newMethod(column);
return -1;
}
, newMethod(), columnIndex() ,
return, columnIndex(),
( newMethod()). columnIndex() 1. C++
" , ", columnIndex() ( 4.9).
4.9.
{
int result = newMethod(column);
if (result >= 0)
return result;
I.
142
else {
// -
return -1;
}
}

. . ,
? .
C++ ( , ). , , ,
, , .
, .
,
. , .
, , , ( 4.10).
4.10.
long double getTotalPayment(long double currentSum, long double newSum)
{
long double newSumWithVAT = newSum*1.18;
long double total = currentSum + newSumWithVAT;
return total;
}
(GCC O2) newSumWithVAT total ( 4.11).

4.11.
pushl
movl
fldt
fldt
popl
fmull
faddp
ret
%ebp
%esp, %ebp
8(%ebp)
20(%ebp)
%ebp
.LC0
%st, %st(1)
4.
143
, , return currentSum +
newSum*1.18; ( 4.12), .
4.12.
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fldt
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ret
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4.
147
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148
I.
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163
164
I.
II

5.
Qt
6.
7.
Interview Framework
8.
Qt
9.
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168
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QThread ( 5.1).
5.1.
class Thread : public QThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
void run();
signals:
void progressed();
};
, - QThread,
run(). ,
. run()
( 5.2).
5.2. run()
void Thread::run()
{
QTimer timer;
timer.setInterval(100);
timer.setSingleShot(false);
connect(&timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SIGNAL(progressed()));
timer.start();
exec();
}
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connect()).
5. Qt
169
exec() . QThread exec() ( Qt 4) Qt, ,

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. ,
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.
QThread (, start())
. , exec(), . ?
Qt : ,
, run(),
protected QThread. , , run() QThread, .
threadsdemo ( 5.3).
5.3. threadsdemo
void Dialog::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
if (!thread) {
progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
progressDialog->show();
thread = new Thread();
connect(thread, SIGNAL(progressed()),
progressDialog, SLOT(progressed()));
thread->start();
}
}
void Dialog::close_thread()
{
if (thread) {
thread->quit();
thread->wait();
delete thread;
progressDialog->close();
thread = 0;
}
}
on_pushButton_clicked() ProgressDialog,
( ), Thread,
progressed() thread progressed() progressDialog (
).
II.
170
start(). thread , , (. 5.1).
. 5.1.
, ,
start() , run() . .
- , , , started().
close_thread() , ( thread
0) , quit().
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.

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5. Qt
171
exec()
( ), , . ,
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,
quit()/wait(), terminate().
progressDialog close(),
, WA_DeleteOnClose. close()
, , , , . ,
.
, QThread. run() QTimer , this ( 5.4), , : "QObject: Cannot
create children for a parent that is in a different thread".
, , .
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()
void Thread::run()
{
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...
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this , run().
Qt moveToThread(),
. , . . . ,
moveToThread() , , ,
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172
II.
5.5.
()
void Thread::run()
{
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...
}

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5. Qt
173
lock_a()
lock_b()
lock_b()
lock_a()
unlock_a()
unlock_b()
unlock_a()
unlock_b()
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174
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5.6.
unsigned long factorial(unsigned long x)
{
if (x < 2) return 1;
return x*factorial(x-1);
}
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, . , , factorial() . , factorial() . :
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) , ,
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5.7. ,
volatile bool lock = false;
bool foo()
{
1:
if (lock) return false;
2:
lock = true;
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n:
lock = false;
return true;
}
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foo() , lock
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175
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2 , , . . (
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exthreads, Ch5/extthreads.
5.8. ExtThread
#ifndef EXTTHREAD_H
#define EXTTHREAD_H
#include <QThread>
II.
176
#include <QAtomicInt>
enum ExtThreadStates {
Ready,
Working,
Sleeping,
Finishing,
Finished
};
class ExtThread : public QThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit ExtThread(QObject *parent = 0);
bool pause();
bool resume();
bool wait(unsigned long time = ULONG_MAX);
ExtThreadStates getCurrentState();
void start();
signals:
void paused();
void resumed();
public slots:
void quit();
protected:
bool CancellationPoint();
bool pauseFor(unsigned long milliseconds = ULONG_MAX);
virtual void beforeQuit();
void done();
private:
QAtomicInt currentState;
};
#endif // EXTTHREAD_H
ExtThread QThread
. : ,
( ,
ExtThread), , run(), . .
. ExtThread(),
start(), pause(), resume(), wait(), getCurrentState() quit(). CancellationPoint(), pauseFor(), beforeQuit()
done(). , QThread,
, .

, . ,
ExtThread -
5. Qt
177
QThread, quit()
, quit() QThread, .
start(), quit() wait() ,

QThread, . getCurrentState()
:
Ready , ;
Working ;
Sleeping ;
Finishing , ;
Finished .
. Finished , ,
, . , Finished , , .
pause() resume() . , ,
CancellationPoint(). paused(). resume().
resume() , resumed(). pause()
,
resume() .
, , CancellationPoint(). , , , . CancellationPoint()
, . CancellationPoint() , , . CancellationPoint() ,
.
ExtThread quit(),
, CancellationPoint(). , CancellationPoint() ,
,
terminate(), , C++.
, C++, , C. C ,
178
II.
.
,
( " , "). C, C++
(,
return).
C,
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C++, return ( , . .
, ).
CancellationPoint().
CancellationPoint() bool. ,
, true, false.
CancellationPoint() :
if(CancellationPoint()) return;
done() , .
, CancellationPoint() (, ).
CancellationPoint(), , . , done() beforeQuit(),
, - . , , . beforeQuit()
.
pauseFor() ExtThread . ExtThread ( 5.9).
5.9. ExtThread
#include "extthread.h"
#include <QAtomicInt>
ExtThread::ExtThread(QObject *parent) :
QThread(parent)
{
currentState = Ready;
}
bool ExtThread::CancellationPoint()
{
if (currentState == Finishing) {
done();
return true;
}
5. Qt
bool toSleep = false;
while (currentState == Sleeping) {
if (!toSleep) {
emit paused();
toSleep = true;
}
yieldCurrentThread();
}
if (toSleep)
emit resumed();
if (currentState == Finishing) {
done();
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool ExtThread::pause()
{
bool res = currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Working, Sleeping);
if (res) emit paused();
return res;
}
bool ExtThread::resume()
{
bool res = currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Sleeping, Working);
if (res) emit resumed();
return res;
}
ExtThreadStates ExtThread::getCurrentState()
{
return (ExtThreadStates) (int) currentState;
}
bool ExtThread::wait(unsigned long time)
{
while (time > 0) {
if (currentState == Finished){
QThread::wait(time);
return true;
}
QThread::msleep(1);
time--;
if (currentState == Finished) {
QThread::wait(time);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
179
180
II.
bool ExtThread::pauseFor(unsigned long milliseconds)

{
if (currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Working, Sleeping)) {
while (milliseconds > 0) {
QThread::sleep(1);
milliseconds--;
}
}
return currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Sleeping, Working);
}
void ExtThread::quit()
{
currentState.testAndSetAcquire(Ready, Finished);
while ((!currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Working, Finishing))&&
(!currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Sleeping, Finishing))&&
(currentState != Finishing)&& (currentState!= Finished));
}
void ExtThread::beforeQuit()
{
}
void ExtThread::done()
{
beforeQuit();
currentState = Finished;
emit finished();
}
void ExtThread::start()
{
if (currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Ready,
Working)||currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Finished, Working))
QThread::start();
}
,
, . "
". . resume()
:
if (currentState == Sleeping) currentState = Working
:
currentState ( ) . (
), , , .
if (currentState == Sleeping) currentState = Working
"", , :
if (currentState == Sleeping) currentState = Finishing;
5. Qt
181
currentState
Finishing, Working,
. ,
" " currentState
, . . , ,
( ) , . ,
(, ). ,
.
Qt library
QAtomicInt. QAtomicInt . QAtomicInt , . testAndSetOrdered() . ,
currentState.testAndSetOrdered(Sleeping, Working);

if (currentState == Sleeping) currentState = Working;
, ""
. testAndSetOrdered() bool, . , true, , false, , .
QAtomicInt , . QAtomicInt, ( 5.10).
5.10. QAtomicInt
class Mutex : public QObject
{
public:
explicit Mutex(QObject *parent = 0) : QObject(parent)
{
m = 0;
}
void lock()
{
while (!m.testAndSetOrdered(0, 1))
QThread::yieldCurrentThread();
}
II.
182
bool tryLock()
{
return m.testAndSetOrdered(0, 1);
}
void unlock()
{
m.testAndSetOrdered(1, 0);
}
private:
QAtomicInt m;
};
lock() Mutex . , lock(),

, unlock(). tryLock()
. - (. . lock() ), tryLock() false, ,
, tryLock(), .
tryLock() true, , unlock(), .

, ,
unlock() . , . , , lock(),
,
. ,
.
( ) . lock()
, ,
. ,
. ,
QThread::yieldCurrentThread();
, . , .
.
. ,
unlock(). - . , Qt library.
, ,
, .
5. Qt
183

, ,
, .
,
, .
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, . QAtomicInt QAtomicPointer
TestAndSet* , . .
ExtThread
ExtThread, , , , , .
. ,
QThread, - ExtThread, run(). FileFinder ( 5.11).
5.11. FileFinder
class FileFinder : public ExtThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit FileFinder(QObject *parent = 0);
~FileFinder();
void findFiles(const QString &startFrom, const QString &filter);
signals:
void updateList(QString str);
public slots:
protected:
void run();
private:
QString startFrom;
QString filter;
};
run() FileFinder findFiles(), .
184
II.
findFiles() FileFinder updateList(), QString. ,

updateList(). \n. ,
FileFinder .
( 5.12).
5.12. FileFinder
FileFinder::FileFinder(QObject *parent) :
ExtThread(parent)
{
}
FileFinder::~FileFinder()
{
}
void FileFinder::run()
{
QStringList results;
QDir dir(startFrom, filter, QDir::SortFlags( QDir::Name |
QDir::IgnoreCase), QDir::AllDirs | QDir::Files);
QFileInfoList fil;
for (int i = 0; i < dir.entryInfoList().count(); i++) {
if (dir.entryInfoList().at(i).isFile())
results.append(dir.entryInfoList().at(i).absoluteFilePath());
if (dir.entryInfoList().at(i).isDir())
if ((dir.entryInfoList().at(i).fileName() != "." )
&& (dir.entryInfoList().at(i).fileName() != ".."))
fil.append(dir.entryInfoList().at(i));
}
QString str;
for (int k = 0; k < results.count(); k++)
str = str + results.at(k) + "\n";
emit updateList(str);
results.clear();
if (CancellationPoint()) return;
while (fil.count() != 0) {
for (int i = fil.count() 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
QDir dir(fil.at(i).absoluteFilePath(), filter,
QDir::SortFlags( QDir::Name | QDir::IgnoreCase),
QDir::AllDirs|QDir::Files);
fil.removeAt(i);
for (int j = 0; j < dir.entryInfoList().count(); j++) {
if (dir.entryInfoList().at(j).isDir()) {
5. Qt
185
if ((dir.entryInfoList().at(j).fileName() != ".")
&& (dir.entryInfoList().at(j).fileName() != ".."))
fil.append(dir.entryInfoList().at(j));
}
else
results.append(dir.entryInfoList().at(j).absoluteFilePath());
}
if (results.count() > 0) {
QString str;
for (int k = 0; k < results.count(); k++)
str = str + results.at(k) + "\n";
emit updateList(str);
results.clear();
}
}
}
done();
}
void FileFinder::findFiles(const QString &startFrom,
const QString &filter)
{
this->startFrom = startFrom;
this->filter = filter;
start();
}
findFiles() FileFinder start() , . . ExtThread. run() , c .

. , updateList() CancellationPoint().

, ,
CancellationPoint(). ,
Qt, ExitThread() ( ),
, . ++ . run()
return run().
, , , .
FileFinder
( 5.13).
II.
186
5.13. FileFinder
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
fileFinder = new FileFinder();
paused = false;
searching = false;
connect(fileFinder, SIGNAL(finished()), this,
SLOT(serachFinished()));
connect(fileFinder, SIGNAL(updateList(QString)), this,
SLOT(updateList(QString)));
counter = 0;
}
fileFinder ( finished()
updateList()) Dialog. (. 5.3).
. 5.3.

Linux , Linux . Linux
, . , .
, . . , .
: , A B , B
5. Qt
187
? , "" . fileFinder
, , fileFinder. , , , . , , ,
, , ,
- .
blockSignals(), QObject.
fileFinder->blockSignals(true),
fileFinder , fileFinder->blockSignals(false). fileFinder
, , .
fileFinder, ,
.
, ,
signalsBlocked(). ,
, , .

blockSignals() .
Qt::Blocking
QueuedConnection connect()
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5. Qt
189
QSharedMemory
QSharedMemory ,
( ).
QSharedMemory . QSharedMemory lock()
unlock(),
. ,
QSharedMemory .
QSharedMemory . ,
, .

. (mutex) mutual exclusion .
, ,
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QMutexLocker
. , : ,
lock() , , . , , ""
:
try {
} catch(...) {
mutex.unlock()
}
,
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,
unlock() . , , , .
Qt : QMutexLocker.
QMutex (
). QMutexLocker lock()
QMutex, , . ,
II.
190
QMutexLocker. , unlock()
QMutexLocker (
, , C++, ).
. QMutexLocker,
, stringList
( 5.14).
unlock()
5.14. QMutexLocker
void TextDevice::write(const QString &text)
{
QMutexLocker locker(&mutex);
stringList->append(text);
}
, QMutexLocker .
5.15, , 5.14
write(), .
5.15. QMutexLocker
void TextDevice::write(const QString &text )
{
mutex.lock();
stringList->append(text);
mutex.unlock();
}

, ( 5.10), QMutex . ,
, .
ExtThread. , , , done() run(). "" done(),

ExtThread ( 5.16).
5.16. ExtThread
class ExitHelper;
class ExtThread : public QThread
{
Q_OBJECT
5. Qt
public:
explicit ExtThread(QObject *parent = 0);
bool pause();
bool resume();
bool wait(unsigned long time = ULONG_MAX);
ExtThreadStates getCurrentState();
void start();
signals:
void paused();
void resumed();
public slots:
void quit();
protected:
friend class ExitHelper;
bool CancellationPoint();
bool pauseFor(unsigned long milliseconds = ULONG_MAX);
virtual void beforeQuit();
void done();
private:
QAtomicInt currentState;
};
class ExitHelper
{
public:
explicit ExitHelper(ExtThread * thread)
{
this->thread = thread;
}
~ExitHelper()
{
thread->done();
}
private:
ExtThread * thread;
};
CancellationPoint() ( 5.17).
5.17. CancellationPoint()
bool ExtThread::CancellationPoint()
{
if (currentState == Finishing)
return true;
bool toSleep = false;
191
II.
192
while (currentState == Sleeping) {
if (!toSleep) {
emit paused();
toSleep = true;
}
yieldCurrentThread();
}
if (toSleep)
emit resumed();
if (currentState == Finishing)
return true;
return false;
}
done() ,
, CancellationPoint(), .
run(), ExtThread, ( 5.18).
5.18. run()
void FileFinder::run()
{
ExitHelper onExit(this);
...
}
done()
return. , , .
- , , , , .
run() - , runInternal(), run(), try catch.
. , . acquire() QSemaphore ,
(, )
. .
,
, . release() ,
acquire(). acquire(), , . -
5. Qt
193
, n m , r r * n > m.
Qt ,
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, , , ,
. , , , .
QWaitCondition. . , wait()
QWaitCondition. , wakeOne(), , , WakeAll(), .
wait()
QMutex, QReadWriteLock. wait() QMutex
QReadWriteLock . wait() (QMutex QReadWriteLock)
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194

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(. 5.4) ,
.
.
CircularBuffer ( 5.19).
. 5.4.
5.19. CircularBuffer
class CircularBuffer : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit CircularBuffer(quint32 bufSize, QObject *parent = 0);
~CircularBuffer();
quint32 read(void * buf, quint32 bufSize, quint32 blockSize = 1);
quint32 write(void * buf, quint32 bufSize, quint32 blockSize = 1);
bool wouldWriteBlock(quint32 blockSize);
bool wouldReadBlock(quint32 blockSize);
5. Qt
195
quint32 freeSpace();
quint32 bytesAvailable();
void reset();
void stop();
bool isEOF();
signals:
void bufferFull();
void bufferEmpty();
void dataAdded(quint32 size);
void hasFreeSpace(quint32 size);
void reachedEOF();
private:
void exposeSingleBufferWrite(void ** buffer, quint32 * bytes);
void exposeSingleBufferRead(void ** buffer, quint32 * bytes);
void addBytesWritten(quint32 bytes);
void addBytesRead(quint32 bytes);
quint32 bufSize;
char * buffer;
quint64 writePos;
quint64 readPos;
bool eof;
bool stopped;
protected:
void connectNotify(const char * signal);
};
.
. read() write(), ,
. , , . CircularBuffer . read() write() (, ).
read() - ( ,
), 0.
write(), , ,
. freeSpace() ( ),
, write() ,
.

,

freeSpace() write(). .
bytesAvailable() ,
. , freeSpace(),
read(). read()
write() .
196
II.
1 (1 ),
(, ,
, 1 ).
. , , , (read() write())
0.
, , . 1 ,
. write()
, ( , freeSpace(), ). ,
, , .
read().
wouldWriteBlock() wouldWriteBlock() ,
. freeSpace() bytesAvailable().
isEOF() . , read() 0.
, . ? ,
. ,
.
, stop(),
, . stop()
- , ,
, reachedEOF(), isEOF()
true. , ,
. reset() , .
, ,
(, reachedEOF()). reset() , stop(), eof . . dataAdded()
hasFreeSpace() .
, ,
. ( 5.20).
5.20. CircularBuffer
CircularBuffer::CircularBuffer(quint32 bufSize, QObject *parent) :
QObject(parent)
{
this->bufSize = bufSize;
buffer = new char[bufSize];
reset();
}
5. Qt
CircularBuffer::~CircularBuffer()
{
delete[] buffer;
}
void CircularBuffer::exposeSingleBufferWrite(void **buffer,
quint32 *bytes)
{
quint64 writePtrPos = writePos % bufSize;
quint64 readPtrPos = readPos % bufSize;
*buffer = &(this->buffer[writePtrPos]);
if (writePtrPos > readPtrPos) {
*bytes = bufSize writePtrPos;
} else {
if (writePtrPos == readPtrPos) {
*bytes = bufSize writePos + readPos;
if (*bytes > bufSize writePtrPos)
*bytes = bufSize writePtrPos;
} else {
*bytes = readPtrPos writePtrPos;
}
}
}
void CircularBuffer::exposeSingleBufferRead(void **buffer,
quint32 *bytes)
{
quint64 writePtrPos = writePos % bufSize;
quint64 readPtrPos = readPos % bufSize;
*buffer = &(this->buffer[readPtrPos]);
if (writePtrPos > readPtrPos) {
(*bytes) = writePtrPos readPtrPos;
} else {
if (writePtrPos == readPtrPos) {
*bytes = writePos readPos;
if (*bytes > bufSize readPtrPos)
*bytes = bufSize readPtrPos;
} else {
*bytes = bufSize readPtrPos;
}
}
}
void CircularBuffer::addBytesWritten(quint32 bytes)
{
writePos += bytes;
emit dataAdded(bytes);
197
198
II.
if (writePos == readPos + bufSize)

emit bufferFull();
}
void CircularBuffer::addBytesRead(quint32 bytes)
{
readPos += bytes;
emit hasFreeSpace(bytes);
if (writePos == readPos) {
emit bufferEmpty();
}
}
quint32 CircularBuffer::read(void *buf,
quint32 bufSize, quint32 blockSize)
{
if (eof) return 0;
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
exposeSingleBufferRead(&b, &bytes);
if ((bytes == 0) && stopped) {
eof = true;
emit reachedEOF();
}
if (bytes < blockSize) return 0;
bytes = bytes < bufSize ? bytes : bufSize;
bytes = bytes (bytes % blockSize);
memcpy(buf, b, bytes);
addBytesRead(bytes);
return bytes;
}
quint32 CircularBuffer::write(void *buf, quint32 bufSize,
quint32 blockSize)
{
if (stopped) return 0;
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
exposeSingleBufferWrite(&b, &bytes);
if (bytes < blockSize) return 0;
bytes = bytes < bufSize ? bytes : bufSize;
bytes = bytes (bytes % blockSize);
memcpy(b, buf, bytes);
addBytesWritten(bytes);
return bytes;
}
5. Qt
void CircularBuffer::reset()
{
writePos = 0;
readPos = 0;
eof = false;
stopped = false;
emit bufferEmpty();
}
void CircularBuffer::stop()
{
stopped = true;
}
bool CircularBuffer::isEOF()
{
if (!stopped) return false;
if (!eof) {
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
if (bytes == 0)
eof = true;
}
return eof == true;
}
bool CircularBuffer::wouldReadBlock(quint32 blockSize)
{
if (eof) return true;
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
return bytes < blockSize;
}
bool CircularBuffer::wouldWriteBlock(quint32 blockSize)
{
if (stopped) return true;
void * b;
unsigned int bytes;
return bytes < blockSize;
}
quint32 CircularBuffer::freeSpace()
{
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
199
II.
200
return bytes; }
quint32 CircularBuffer::bytesAvailable()
{
void * b;
quint32 bytes;
return bytes; }
void CircularBuffer::connectNotify(const char *signal)

{
void * b;
unsigned int bytes;
if (bytes == bufSize) emit bufferEmpty();
else
if (bytes == 0) emit bufferFull();
if (bytes != 0) emit dataAdded(bytes);
if (bytes < bufSize) emit hasFreeSpace(bufSize bytes);
}
, , ,
. , , , :
, .
, .
,
( ). . , , , , , - .
. writePos readPos ,
(
, ,
).
.
char. 64- char - 1 .
, , , ( ). ( ) , . (
read() write()
), .
5. Qt
201
,
, .
freeSpace() bytesAvailable() ,
, . ., , . , , .
, :
void exposeSingleBufferWrite(void ** buffer, quint32 * bytes);
void exposeSingleBufferRead(void ** buffer, quint32 * bytes);
void
void
void
void
exposeDoubleBufferWrite(void ** buffer1, quint32 * bytes1,

** buffer2, quint32 * bytes2);
exposeDoubleBufferRead(void ** buffer1, quint32 * bytes1,
** buffer2, quint32 * bytes2);

( ,
, bytes2, 0).
, exposeSingleBufferWrite()
exposeSingleBufferRead() .
,
, , . ,
bufferEmpty() -,
, bufferFull() , , .
connectNotify(). ,
, ,
. Latin-1. , connectNotify() ,
, , , , - . , -
, , . , , , .

. ExtThread ( 5.21), .

QLCDNumber.
202
II.
5.21. -
#ifndef SIGNALGENERATOR_H
#define SIGNALGENERATOR_H
class CircularBuffer;
class SignalGenerator : public ExtThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit SignalGenerator(QObject *parent = 0);
void setBuffer(CircularBuffer * buffer, CircularBuffer * buffer2,
CircularBuffer * buffer3, CircularBuffer * buffer4);
signals:
public slots:
protected:
void run();
void beforeQuit();
private:
CircularBuffer * cb;
CircularBuffer * cb2;
};
#endif // SIGNALGENERATOR_H
#include "signalgenerator.h"
#include "circularbuffer.h"
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
SignalGenerator::SignalGenerator(QObject *parent) :
ExtThread(parent)
{
}
void SignalGenerator::setBuffer(CircularBuffer *buffer,
CircularBuffer *buffer2, CircularBuffer *buffer3,
CircularBuffer *buffer4)
{
cb = buffer;
cb2 = buffer2;
cb3 = buffer3;
cb4 = buffer4;
}
void SignalGenerator::run()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
float f = (float)rand()/RAND_MAX;
5. Qt
203
cb->write(&f, sizeof(float));
QThread::msleep(200);
f = (float)rand()/RAND_MAX;
cb2->write(&f, sizeof(float));
}
done();
}
void SignalGenerator::beforeQuit()
{
cb->stop();
cb2->stop();
cb3->stop();
cb4->stop();
}
(. 5.5) , .

, , QTimer. , ,
- QObject.
startTimer() killTimer(), , timerEvent().
. 5.5. ,
204
II.
- ,
Qt ( 5.22).
5.22.
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
circularBuffer1 = new CircularBuffer(sizeof(float)*64);
signalGenerator = new SignalGenerator();
signalGenerator->setBuffer(circularBuffer1, circularBuffer2,
circularBuffer3, circularBuffer4);
signalGenerator->start();
connect(circularBuffer1, SIGNAL(reachedEOF()), this,
SLOT(no_signal1()));
startTimer(100);
startTimer(250);
}
float.
,
float.
( 5.23).
5.23.
void Dialog::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
float f;
if (circularBuffer1->bytesAvailable()) {
circularBuffer1->read(&f, sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
ui->lcdNumber->display(f);
} else circularBuffer1->read(&f, 0);
ui->lcdNumber_2->display(f);
5. Qt
205

}
0 ,
bytesAvailable() 0. , reachedEOF(),
. , ,
. , , eof ,
, reachedEOF().
reachedEOF() ,
.
isEOF(), "" .

, : "
, ".
, () ( : , . .).
.
, FIFO (" , "). . , LIFO (" , ")
. , , ,
, , .

( , ). .
, FIFO,
. .
, , -
206
II.
( ).
" ".
, .
QAtomicPointer.
, QAtomicInt,
QAtomicPointer , QAtomicInt. ,
, , ,
QAtomicPointer ( 5.24).
5.24.
#include <QAtomicPointer>
struct LLRecord;
typedef QAtomicPointer<LLRecord> LLPtr;
struct LLRecord
{
bool inUse;
RecordType recordType;
char message[256];
LLPtr next;
LLRecord * shadowPtr;
};
QAtomicPointer , .
, ( ) . , . ,
(smart pointers), , , ( "*").
, : , ( NULL ) , , .
Qt
, . - , ,
.
. , : Head () Tail ()
. FIFO
( Tail). , -
5. Qt
207
.
(. 5.6). next ( )
Tail. ,
next
Tail
Tail
Atomic
1
Tail
Tail
Atomic
2
. 5.6.
Tail
208
II.
. ,
, (. . , Tail). ( , ) , .
, ( ) , ( , ).
,
.
next QAtmicPointer ? , Tail,
, next, , Tail,
. ,
next Tail,
. ,
, -
, next, "".
. ,
,
Tail.
. LLQueue ( 5.25) FIFO . http://symmetrica.net/
qt47book/.
5.25.
class LLQueue : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit LLQueue(QObject *parent = 0);
bool empty();
signals:
public slots:
protected:
bool insertRecord(LLRecord *record, LLRecord * before);
LLRecord * removeFirstRecord();
LLRecord blank;
LLRecord head;
LLRecord tail;
};
LLQueue::LLQueue(QObject *parent) :
QObject(parent)
{
head.recordType = RecordTypeHead;
5. Qt
tail.recordType = RecordTypeTail;
blank.recordType = RecordTypeBlank;
head.next = &tail;
head.shadowPtr = &tail;
tail.next = 0;
}
bool LLQueue::insertRecord(LLRecord *record, LLRecord * before)
{
LLPtr current = &head;
while (current->next != before) {
LLRecord * tmpPtr = current->next;
if (tmpPtr == current->shadowPtr)
current = tmpPtr;
else return false;
if (current == NULL) return false;
}
record->shadowPtr = record->next = before;
if (current->next.testAndSetOrdered(before, record)) {
current->shadowPtr = record;
return true;
}
return false;
}
LLRecord * LLQueue::removeFirstRecord()
{
if (head.next == &tail) return 0;
LLPtr current = head.next;
while (current->recordType == RecordTypeBlank)
current = current->next;
if (current == &tail) return 0;
while (!insertRecord(&blank, current->next));
head.next.fetchAndStoreOrdered(blank.next);
head.shadowPtr = blank.next;
current->next.fetchAndStoreOrdered(0);
return current;
}
bool LLQueue::empty()
{
LLPtr current = head.next;
while (current != &tail) {
if (current == NULL) current = head.next;
if (current->recordType == 0)
return false;
if (current->recordType == RecordTypeTail)
return true;
209
II.
210
current = current->next;
}
return true;
}
. ,
LLPtr current;

LLRecord * current;
, LLPtr .
LLPtr, ( , ">"),
LLRecord, .
LLPtr, ,
QAtomicPointer, testAndSetOrdered().
, ,
- LLRecord.
insertRecord(),
. , , , , , Head, ,
, ,
.
Head,
(. 5.7).
, , , ( Tail), , , . Head Tail,
, Head ( , ""
, ). , , Head
Tail .
Blanc :
removeFirstRecord(),
while (!insertRecord(&blank, current->next));
insertRecord() , true,
. . Blanc . current , head.next, , current->next, Blanc. , current->next
( ),
Blanc , . ,
Blanc, .
5. Qt
211
Head
Tail
Head
Blanc
Tail
Blanc
Tail
Atomic
Head
Head
Blanc
Tail
Atomic
NULL
Head
Blanc
Head
Tail
Tail
. 5.7.
:
head.next.fetchAndStoreOrdered(&blank);
head.next Blanc.
. Blanc,
Head Tail. ,
, . , ,
next? ,
, next Head current
.
fetchAndStoreOrdered()
next Head current, Blanc (

), , current.
next current Blanc (
), NULL. -
212
II.
( : insertRecord() empty()) NULL, false, ( insertRecord(), false ,

), , Head
( empty()). ,
.
LLQueue protected.
, LLQueue , . LLFIFO ( 5.26).
5.26. LLFIFO
#ifndef LLFIFO_H
#define LLFIFO_H
#include "llqueue.h"
class LLFIFO : public LLQueue
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit LLFIFO(QObject *parent = 0);
~LLFIFO();
void fetch(LLRecord * record);
LLRecord * unfetch();
void release(LLRecord * record);
};
#endif // LLFIFO_H
#include "llfifo.h"
LLFIFO::LLFIFO(QObject *parent) :
LLQueue(parent)
{}
LLFIFO::~LLFIFO()
{
LLRecord * r;
while ((r = unfetch()) != 0)
release(r);
}
void LLFIFO::fetch(LLRecord * record)
{
record->inUse = true;
record->recordType = RecordTypeOrdinary;
while(!insertRecord(record, &tail));
}
5. Qt
213
LLRecord * LLFIFO::unfetch()
{
return removeFirstRecord();
}
void LLFIFO::release(LLRecord * record)
{
record->inUse = false;
}
, ,
FIFO. fetch() . LLRecord insertRecord() , true ( ). unfetch() . removeFirstRecord()
.
, LLQueue LLFIFO , LLRecord , . , . .
.

. / . , ,
, , . , .
, , .

, ,
.
,
. .
,
,
. .
. ,
- ,
. inUse
LLRecord.
fetch(), -. -
II.
214
release(), ,
. , fetch() , -
, , ,
. , ,
inUse bool QAtomicInt. - - , .

,
? , .
, "" ,
. , , .
, ,
, .
. , , . , ,
, .
.
MessageThread ( 5.27) LLFIFO.

5.27. -
#ifndef MESSAGETHREAD_H
#define MESSAGETHREAD_H
class LLFIFO;
struct LLRecord;
const int MaxRecordsPool = 256;
class MessageThread : public ExtThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit MessageThread(QObject *parent = 0);
~MessageThread();
void setFIFO(LLFIFO * fifo);
protected:
void run();
private:
LLFIFO * fifo;
LLRecord * records;
};
#endif // MESSAGETHREAD_H
5. Qt
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
215
"messagethread.h"
"llfifo.h"
<string.h>
<QString>
<QDateTime>
MessageThread::MessageThread(QObject *parent) :
ExtThread(parent)
{
records = new LLRecord[MaxRecordsPool];
for (int j = 0; j < MaxRecordsPool; j++) {
records[j].inUse = false;
records[j].recordType = RecordTypeOrdinary;
records[j].message[0] = '\0';
}
}
MessageThread::~MessageThread()
{
delete [] records;
}
void MessageThread::setFIFO(LLFIFO *fifo)
{
this->fifo = fifo;
}
void MessageThread::run()
{
for (int i = 0; i < MaxRecordsPool*2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MaxRecordsPool; j++) {
if (!records[j].inUse) {
QString s = "%1 thread %2 message %3";
s = s.arg(QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString())
.arg((quint64) QThread::currentThreadId()).arg(i);
memcpy(records[j].message, s.toLocal8Bit().data(),
s.toLocal8Bit().length());
records[j].message[s.toLocal8Bit().length()] = 0;
fifo->fetch(&records[j]);
break;
}
}
}
done();
}
, , ,
run(). , -
II.
216
, , . ,
, , - . , , . ,
.

? , . , , -, .
, -
release() LLFIFO. -
, . , . .
, .
- ( 5.28), .
5.28. -
fifo = new LLFIFO();
for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
MessageThread * thread = new MessageThread();
thread->setFIFO(fifo);
thread->start();
}
startTimer(5);
timerEvent() ,
-, fifo textBrowser ( 5.29).
5.29.
void Dialog::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
if (!fifo->empty()) {
LLRecord * record = fifo->unfetch();
ui->textBrowser->append(QString::fromLocal8Bit(record->message));
fifo->release(record);
}
}
, (. 5.8).
5. Qt
. 5.8. ,
217
, , , , , ,
. Qt
. Qt 4.4, , . QtConcurrent. QRunnable QThreadPool.
: , ,
, (
, ExThread). , , . ,
.
. (
) .
, , (stateless servers).

. , ,
, , ,
" ", . . , . " ", , ( ) .
. , ( )
, .
QRunnable QThreadPool
QRunnable (
) . QThread, , QRunnable, -
6.
219
run(). QThread
QRunnable , QRunnable , , . QRunnable QObject.
( ). , QRunnable
, . QThreadPool.
, , QRunnable , QThreadPool . QThreadPool .
. QThreadPool .
QRunnable , start() QThreadPool. QThreadPool
, QRunnable::run() .
, - QRunnable ,
. start()
: QRunnable ,
,
.
, QThreadPool - QRunnable. QThreadPool , run() ,
. , , QThreadPool, .
QThreadPool? , maxThreadCount
QThreadPool. , , QThread::idealThreadCount(). , "" idealThreadCount() -
, .
( ).
,
QThreadPool reserveThread() releaseThread().
reserveThread() QThreadPool,
,
. releaseThread() ""
QThreadPool, . . , .
QThreadPool .
QThreadPool QRunnable, ( expiryTimeout) .
II.
220
, QThreadPool .
QThreadPool ,
. QThreadPool new , . globalInstance()
QThreadPool ,
QThreadPool.
: QRunnable ExtThread?
, ExtThread , . QRunnable ,
,
. QRunnable "" . ,
, . QRunnable
, . QRunnable , .
"" QRunnable .
QObject, . ,
QRunnable ,
, ""
( ).
QRunnable, "" , QThread. , , QRunnable
,

QThread.

QRunnable ?
?
, . ,
, , , ,
.
, QRunnable QThreadPool, . ,
, QRunnable ""
, , QRunnable
, . . , . QThreadPool QRunnable
, .
, QThreadPool.
6.
221
. start() tryStart(), , false, . .

QRunnable ,
tryStart() . QRunnable , .
(, -) , , QRunnable.

QRunnable QThreadPool
,
, .
Ch6/FileFinder http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
,
,

.
FileFinder (. 6.1).
, ,
scanner FSScan. ,
FileFinder extthreads, 5. ,
-
ExtThread. , scanFile(), taskManager TaskManager. QThreadPool, SearchTask,
QRunnable.
, , SearchTask . , . LLFIFO, SearchTask , . ,
. SearchTask , . ,
TaskManager. ( records)
, SearchTask
.
TaskManager::newTask() ( 6.1)
scanFile(), scanner. .
II.
222
MainWindow
scanner
taskManager
searchTask
startScan()
scanFile()
create()
newRecord()
scanFile()
create()
newRecord()
scanFile()
create()
finished()
newRecord()
finished()
. 6.1. FileFinder
6.1. newTask()
void TaskManager::newTask(QString fileName)
{
globalStop = false;
SearchTask * st = new SearchTask(fileName, m_pattern,
SearchTask::Local8Bit|SearchTask::UTF8, records,
6.
223
MaxRecordsPool, fifo);
threadPool->start(st);
}
globalStop ,
QThreadPool,
. true. ,
, , ,
false.
SearchTask , , , , , ( FileFinder UTF-8), records,
fifo,
,
SearchTask .
threadPool
QThreadPool.
threadPool = QThreadPool::globalInstance();
, , , QThreadPool::globalInstance() , QThreadPool.
TaskManager waitForFinish(). , , QThreadPool, . , , QThread, QThreadPool , , .
QThreadPool waitForDone(), .
. , Qt
, ( 6.2).
6.2. waitForFinish()
void TaskManager::waitForFinish()
{
while (threadPool->activeThreadCount() > 0)
QApplication::processEvents();
}
, (
activeThreadCount()) .
, , ,
waitForFinish(), ,
224
II.
,
.
SearchTask, , , FileFinder ( 6.3).
6.3. SearchTask
class SearchTask : public QRunnable
{
public:
enum Encoding {
Local8Bit = 0x0001,
UTF8 = 0x0002
};
Q_DECLARE_FLAGS(Encodings, Encoding)
explicit SearchTask(const QString &aFileName,
const QString &aPattern, SearchTask::Encodings encodings,
LLRecord * records, int recCount, LLFIFO * aFIFO);
void run();
private:
QString fileName;
QString pattern;
LLRecord * recordPool;
LLFIFO * fifo;
int recordsCount;
void newRecord(const QString &fileName);
bool doUtf8;
bool doLocal8Bit;
};
Q_DECLARE_OPERATORS_FOR_FLAGS(SearchTask::Encodings)
, , , .
. Encoding C++, ,
, , Qt.
SearchTask Encoding, , |.
, , :
typedef int Encodings;
Qt . Q_DECLARE_FLAGS(Encodings, Encoding)
Encodings ( Encoding) Encoding. :
typedef QFlags<Encoding> Encodings;
6.
225
QFlags , . Encodings, , Qt. . ,

QFlags, |=. , .
Q_DECLARE_OPERATORS_FOR_FLAGS().

Encodings int? , ,
int .

. , . . .

,
. read() write() .
,
, ,
. ,
. read()
, , ,
, . read()
. , . . , ,
. ""
, ,
, .
, .
, , , , ,
.
, ,
, ,
II.
226
. , . ,
. (
).
, , , , , . : ,
,
. , , , .
, ,
, ,
. ,
"" "" . .

, , , . , , .
,
. -,
, . -, , ( ,
, , ) .
-, .
, , ,
USB, .
Qt, 4.4.
. QFile map() unmap(). QFile,
( )
map().
. .
, , .
0. ,
unmap(), .
6.
227

UNIX- , ( , , /dev/ /proc/).
(, , /dev/zero), .
FlieFinder run()
SearchTask ( 6.4).
6.4. run() SearchTask
void SearchTask::run()
{
if (globalStop)
return;
QFile file(fileName);
file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
qint64 size = file.size();
int minLen = pattern.toLocal8Bit().length();
int utf8Len = pattern.toUtf8().length();
if (size < minLen)
return;
BMSearcher searcher((unsigned char*) pattern.toLocal8Bit().data(),
minLen);
BMSearcher utf8Searcher((unsigned char*) pattern.toUtf8().data(),
utf8Len);
if ((minLen == utf8Len) && (doLocal8Bit)) {
if (!strncmp(pattern.toLocal8Bit().data(),
pattern.toUtf8().data(), minLen))
doUtf8 = false;
}
qint64 offset = 0;
uchar * text;
while (offset < size minLen + 1) {
if (globalStop)
return;
qint64 tlen = MSize < size offset ? MSize : size offset;
text = file.map(offset, tlen);
if (!text)
return;
if (searcher.containsPattern(text, tlen)) {
newRecord(fileName);
return;
}
if (doUtf8) {
if (utf8Searcher.containsPattern(text, tlen)) {
newRecord(fileName);
II.
228
return;
}
}
file.unmap(text);
if (utf8Len <= tlen)
offset = offset + tlen utf8Len + 1;
else
offset = offset + tlen minLen + 1;
}
}
MSize,
2 .
MSize, , .
,
( ,
).
, .
, UTF-8 ,
.
. , , UTF-8 .
UTF-8 ,
.
, fifo
. newRecord ( 6.5).
6.5. newRecord
void SearchTask::newRecord(const QString &fileName)
{
int i = 0;
while (!recordPool[i].BelongsTo.testAndSetOrdered(0, 1))
i = (i+1)%recordsCount;
int l = fileName.toLocal8Bit().size();
l = l < 255 ? l : 254;
strncpy(recordPool[i].message, fileName.toLocal8Bit().data(), l);
recordPool[i].message[l] = '\0';
fifo->fetch(&recordPool[i]);
}
.
, , , -
6.
229
256 .
, .
, , QAtomicInt ( bool). ,
, .

( 6.6).
6.6. timerEvent()
void MainWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
while (!taskManager->getFIFO()->empty()) {
LLRecord * record = taskManager->getFIFO()->unfetch();
QString str = QString::fromLocal8Bit(record->message);
taskManager->getFIFO()->release(record);
ui->textBrowser->append(str);
}
event->accept();
}

. , ,
BMSearcher ( 6.7)
6.7. BMSearcher
class BMSearcher
{
public:
BMSearcher(unsigned char * pattern, int length);
bool containsPattern(unsigned char * text, int len);
private:
void makeTable();
int skipTable[256];
int patternLength;
unsigned char mpattern[256];
};
( pattern).
II.
230

pattern, , , "
unsigned char". , \0, , unsigned char ,
.
containsPattern() true, text

, false .
, " ", . . . , , "
" (http://symmetrica.net/algorithms/bm1.htm). ,
, FileFinder , . ,
, FileFinder,
, , "" ,
. ,
.
, .
(. 6.2).
, , , , , , ,
.
. 6.2. FileFinder
6.
231
Windows Process Monitor,

Microsoft (http://
technet.microsoft.com/ru-ru/sysinternals/bb896645). Process Monitor
(. 6.3)
, -
. 6.3. Process Monitor FileFinder
. 6.4. ReadFile
II.
232
, , , . . ,
(, ).
,
(. 6.4).
, , . . .
( , "" ,
). ""
(. 6.5).
. 6.5. FileFinder
, , ? , ""
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.
QtConcurrent::run()
run(), QtConcurrent, , QThreadPool.
,
6.
233
( QThreadPool, ).
QtConcurrent::run() , <QtConcurrentRun>.
, , , .
. .
, ,
, , . , QtConcurrent::run(), ( ) .
QtConcurrent::run().
( 6.8).
6.8. fibonacci()
quint64 fibonacci(qint32 n)
{
if (n == 0) return 0;
if (n == 1) return 1;
quint64 a = 0;
quint64 b = 1;
for (qint32 i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
b = a + b;
a = b a;
}
return b;
}
QtConcurrent::run()( 6.9).
6.9. fibonacci()
QFuture<quint64> future;
QFutureWatcher<quint64> watcher;
connect(&watcher, SIGNAL(finished()), this, SLOT(finished()));
watcher.setFuture(future);
qint32 n = 100;
future = QtConcurrent::run(fibonacci, n);
QFuture , ,
II.
234
, . Future , , , QFuture
, .

QtConcurrent::run() QtConcurrent,
QFuture. ,
QtConcurrent::run(), QFuture . Qt.
future fibonacci(), ,
.
future, isFinished().
result(), ,
fibonacci() . , , fibonacci(), ,
QFutureWatcher.
, QFuture , . setFuture()
QFutureWatcher QFuture. , run(),
, ,
run() QFutureWatcher. , run(), , run()
.
QFutureWatcher finished(). result() QFuture.
, result() .
, QtConcurrent
. ,
, - (,
QFuture::result()) . ,
"" QtConcurrent, - , QtConcurrent . , , . Qt - .
,
- .
Interview Framework
Interview Framework
. ,
. Interview Framework .
.
QSqlDatabase
, , - . , , , , , , -, ,
. , . (
), ,
. Qt .
Qt SQL QSqlDatabase.
QSqlDatabase::addDatabase().
,
. . SQLite,
:
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QSQLITE");
QSQLITE Qt SQLite. PostgreSQL,

QPSQL. MySQL, QMYSQL.
Windows, Microsoft SQL Server Oracle,
ODBC. ODBC
,
.
II.
236
,
, . Qt. QTDIR/src/sql/drivers/.

Qt , . Qt , ,
, . Windows SQLite ODBC.
addDatabase() QSqlDatabase ( ,
, ). "", , , , .
Postgress , , , 7.1.
7.1. QSqlDatabase Postgress
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QPSQL");
db.setHostName("localhost");
db.setDatabaseName("testdb");
db.setUserName("user");
db.setPassword("password");
db ( localhost),
, .

, ,
. , ,
, .
Microsoft SQL Server ODBC

( 7.2).
7.2. QSqlDatabase ODBC
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QODBC");
db.setDatabaseName(QString("Driver={SQL SERVER};
Server=%1;Database={%2};
UID=%3;PWD=%4").arg(server, database, user, password));
server, database, user, password , , , , . .
7. Interview Framework
237
, , SQL Server
, , .
, , ,
, . , ,
ODBC,
ODBC Qt,
.
SQLite . SQLite
, ( 7.3).
7.3. QSqlDatabase SQLite
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QSQLITE");
db.setHostName(hostName);
db.setDatabaseName(dBName);
open(). bool, ,
. open() false,
, ( db.lastError().text()) .

Qt ( ), , ,
.
sqldrivers, . Qt sqldrivers plugins.
, . , , QSqlDatabase,
. ,
"", , ,
QSqlDatabase . .
addDatabase(),
QSqlDatabase, . ,
.
, ,
QSqlDatabase::database(), .

( , , ).
database() :
QSqlDatabase database (const QString & connectionName =
QLatin1String( defaultConnection ), bool open = true)
II.
238
, , database() .
Interview Framework
Interview Framework (
) ""
(. 7.1).
. 7.1. Interview Framework
,
, .
, ""
(. 7.2). , QTableView
-
QAbstractItemModel
(
QSqlRelationalTableModel QDirModel, ).
QTableView paint() -. QTableView -,
TableView
ItemDelegate
ModelIndex
Model
paint()
data()
data()
QVariant
QVariant
. 7.2. ,
239
. QItemDelegate , Qt 4.4,
QStyledItemDelegate.
( ) , ,
, .
, , ,
QSqlRelationalDelegate. ( , , ). ,
, QSqlRelationalDelegate QSqlRelationalTableModel.
(, , ).
, , , paint() -. , paint()
QModelIndex. "". QModelIndex , . Interview Framework ( ), QModelIndex
row () column ().
, , "" .
. . - data() -, , data()
-. ,
.
, -
(role) , ,
. , Interview
Framework, , ( , . .). role , .
data() - QVariant. - , QString "", - ( ).
, , ,
, , , . , . ,
.
240
II.
,
.
, ? , , Qt
. ( ), , QAction, actions() , , , , , .
, , tableView,
, actionAddRow QAction,
. tableView :
tableView->addAction(actionAddRow);
tableView->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::ActionsContextMenu);
tableView ,
(
widgetmapperdemo, ). , ,
.
, ,
EditStrategy, QSqlTableModel
, , , , . : OnFieldChange,
OnRowChange, OnManualSubmit.
, . . -,
, . -, ,
. NOT NULL, ,
.
, .
OnFieldChange , , ,
, .

-,
.
OnRowChange . , ,
241
(, setCurrentIndex() QDataWidgetMapper). .
OnManualSubmit , , , .
. , ( , )
, OnManualSubmit
. OnRowChange , OnFieldChange .
sqlite3
,
.
SQLite, ,
SQLite. ,
Qt, , -, -,
, -,
"" SQLite.
sqlite3. Linux, , ,
( , ). Windows http://
www.sqlite.org. sqlite3 (. 7.3)
, SQL. ,
. ,
.restore.

sqlite3 .
, .help .
. 7.3. sql3
242
II.
.read ,
SQL, .dump
.
, NULL
. ,
. SQL QSqlQueryModel, QSqlTableModel
QSqlRelationalTableModel. ,
.
,
. QSqlRelationalTableModel, ,
, ,
, NULL. ,
.
NULL , , NOT NULL. NULL . , NULL ,
.
,
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, . ,
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,
, NULL .
. ,
, ,
"" .
, QSqlRelationalTableModel
NULL ,
. , , QSqlRelationalTableModel , SQL-, , , LEFT JOIN. , Qt.
243
,
, . , , (, ,
Qt). Qt library,
. Qt , . Qt (
) , ,
, ( , public protected). Qt , , . ,
Qt.
WeakRelationalTable
WeakRelationalDelegate
QSqlRelationalTableModel QSqlRelationalDelegate, ,

, , ,
NULL. music.bd
database.sql, (
SQLite, SQL). SQL ,
, , sqlite3.
WeakRelationalTable
: , , QSqlRelationalTableModel, ,
.
QSqlTableModel. . : , , ,
( , ).
, . , , ,
( ). , - .
QSqlTableModel , WeakRelationalTable
.
244
II.
, ,
, , SQL . WeakRelationalTable
, ,
SQL. , WeakRelationalTable ,
QSqlTableModel -, . WeakRelationalTable .
h7/weakdb http://
symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
WeakRelationalTable ( 7.4).
7.4. WeakRelationalTable
class WeakRelationalTable : public QAbstractTableModel
{
public:
WeakRelationalTable(const QString &tableName);
WeakRelationalTable(QObject * parent = 0,
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase());
~WeakRelationalTable();
void setTableName(const QString &tableName);
bool select();
void addRelation(const QString &column, const QString &table,
const QString &idColumn, const QString &displayColumn);
void setRelationFilter(const QString &column,
const QString &filter);
void setReadOnly(bool b);
int rowCount (const QModelIndex & parent = QModelIndex()) const;
int columnCount (const QModelIndex & parent = QModelIndex())
const;
QVariant data (const QModelIndex & index, int role =
Qt::DisplayRole) const;
QVariant data (int row, int column) const;
QVariant data (int row, const QString &column) const;
bool setData (const QModelIndex & index, const QVariant & value,
int role = Qt::EditRole);
bool setData (int row, int column, const QVariant & value);
bool setData (int row, const QString &column, const QVariant
&value);
Qt::ItemFlags flags (const QModelIndex & index) const;
QVariant headerData (int section, Qt::Orientation orientation,
int role = Qt::DisplayRole ) const;
bool setHeaderData (int section, Qt::Orientation orientation,
const QVariant & value, int role = Qt::EditRole);
245
bool insertRows (int row, int count, const QModelIndex & parent =
QModelIndex());
bool removeRows (int row, int count, const QModelIndex & parent =
QModelIndex());
bool insertColumns(int column, int count, const QModelIndex
&parent = QModelIndex());
bool removeColumns (int column, int count, const QModelIndex
&parent = QModelIndex());
QModelIndex index(int row, int column, const QModelIndex & parent
= QModelIndex()) const;
int columnIndex(const QString &column) const;
QString columnName(int column) const;
bool setColumnName(int column, const QString &name);
bool addColumn(const QString &name);
QSqlTableModel * relationModel (int column);
int modelColumn(int column);
WeakRelation * relation(int column);
void setFilter(const QString & filter);
QString filter() const;
void updateRelations();
public slots:
bool submitAll();
bool submit();
void revert();
void revertAll();
protected:
void sort ( int column, Qt::SortOrder order = Qt::AscendingOrder );
private:
void init(QObject * parent = 0, QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase());
QSqlTableModel * mainModel;
WeakRelationMap relMap;
bool readOnly;
};
WeakRelationalTable QSqlTableModel.
QAbstractTableModel, QSqlTableModel . , , . WeakRelationalTable QSqlTableModel, ,
, "" ,
SQL.
. ,
, , ,
-.
QAbstractTableModel WeakRelationalTable
, . ,
246
II.
WeakRelationalTable , . , . setData() , , (
).
, , .
setData(), QModelIndex.
, QModelIndex,
setData(), . , , :
setData()
dataModel->setData(dataModel->index(row, column),
QVariant(" "));
WeakRelationalTable addRelation().
.
,
. : , -
(
) , - . ,

WeakRelationalTable * table = new WeakRelationalTable("Compositions");
table->addRelation("Genre", "Genres", "Id", "Name");
Genre Compositions
Name Genres, Id Genre Compositions.
, table
. table
addRelation(), .
addRelation(), .
WeakRelationalTable ( 7.5).
7.5. WeakRelationalTable
void WeakRelationalTable::addRelation(const QString &column,
const QString &table, const QString &idColumn,
const QString &displayColumn)
{
WeakRelation * relation = new WeakRelation(mainModel, table,
idColumn, displayColumn);
relMap.insert(column, relation);
}
247
QVariant WeakRelationalTable::data(const QModelIndex & index,

int role /*= Qt::DisplayRole*/) const
{
QString column = this->columnName(index.column());
if (relMap.contains(column)) {
return relMap.value(column)->getDisplayValue(
mainModel->data(mainModel->index(index.row(),
index.column()), role));
}
else
return mainModel->data(mainModel->index(index.row(),
index.column()), role);
}
bool WeakRelationalTable::setData(const QModelIndex & index,
const QVariant & value, int role /*= Qt::EditRole*/)
{
beginResetModel();
bool res;
QString column = this->columnName(index.column());
if (relMap.contains(column)) {
if (role != Qt::EditRole) {
endResetModel();
return false;
}
}
res = mainModel->setData(mainModel->index(index.row(),
index.column()), value, role);
endResetModel();
return res;
}
, , , mainModel.
WeakRelation ( ).
WeakRelation relMap,
QMap<QString, WeakRelation*>. addRelation() . data() . , , data()
, .
, data() mainModel . , mainModel->data(),
WeakRelationalTable::data().
, , ,
, WeakRelationalTable::data(),
getDisplayValue() WeakRelation.
, -
248
II.
, .
, , .
WeakRelationalTable::setData(), , , , , , , . ,
mainModel->setData(), , .
, , role Qt::EditRole, . . , false, , . , , , , QTableView,
, (
). WeakRelationalTable .
,
QSqlRelationalTableModel QsqlRelationalDelegate.
, ,
, ,
, ? , , , .
, ,
, . WeakRelationalTable
updateRelations(), ,
, .
QSqlRelationalTableModel.
QSqlRelationalTableModel, ( 7.6).
7.6. updateRelations() WeakRelationalTable
void updateRelations(QSqlRelationalTableModel * model)
{
for(int i = 0; i < model->columnCount(); i++) {
QSqlTableModel * m = model->relationModel(i);
If (m)
m->select();
}
}
,
, , , .
249

, ,
.
setRelationFilter() ( 7.7).
7.7.
void WeakRelationalTable::setRelationFilter(const QString &column,
const QString &filter)
{
relMap.value(column)->getModel()->setFilter(filter);
}
WeakRelation
, .
QSqlRelationalTableModel,
, , . WeakRelationalTable ( 7.8).
7.8. WeakRelation
class WeakRelation
{
public:
WeakRelation(QSqlTableModel * parent, const QString &aTable,
const QString &anIdColumn, const QString &aDisplayColumn);
~WeakRelation();
QVariant getDisplayValue(const QVariant &idValue);
QVariant getIdValue(const QVariant &displayValue);
QSqlTableModel * getModel();
QString getTable();
QString getIdColumn();
QString getDisplayColumn();
private:
int findRowById(const QVariant &value);
QString table;
QString idColumn;
QString displayColumn;
QSqlTableModel * model;
};
model QSqlTableModel.
getDisplayValue() getIdValue(). -
II.
250
, , displayColumn.
, data()
WeakRelationalTable ,
. , , . , idValue, .

, , , . model
idColumn.
getIdValue()
getDisplayValue() displayColumn , ,
idColumn, . getIdValue()
,
, , . getIdValue() ,
getDisplayValue(),
.
WeakRelationalDelegate
, WeakRelationalDelegate . , - -, ,
.
(. 7.4). "" QTableView . ,
-, ,
( , . .). ,
QSqlRelationalTableModel QSqlRelationalDelegate, ,
, ,
.
QTableView
-.
- . ,
.
QTableView ,
.
TableView
251
ItemDelegate
Model
edit()
createEditor()
QWidget*
setEditorData()
setModelData()
index()
modelIndex
setlData()
. 7.4.
- Interview Framework QAbstractItemDelegate.

, QAbstractItemDelegate , . . -,
. , , ,
- QAbstractItemDelegate
(, ,
). QStyledItemDelegate, QAbstractItemDelegate .
, -,
: createEditor(),
QStyledItemDelegate,
252
II.
setModelData().
, ,
, .
setEditorData() , ,
, .
updateEditorGeometry()
, .
setModelData() -.
setEditorData(), updateEditorGeometry()
, , , , . , updateEditorGeometry(), . .
QStyledItemDelegate . , , , ,
, . , ,
- , , , .
- ,
paint() (,
QStyledItemDelegate). paint() ,
(,
, ). paint() ( 7.9) .
7.9. paint()
void WeakRelationalDelegate::paint(QPainter *painter,
const QStyleOptionViewItem &option,
const QModelIndex &index) const {
int margin = 0;
QStyleOptionViewItemV4 opt = QStyleOptionViewItemV4(option);
initStyleOption(&opt, index);
const QWidget *widget = opt.widget;
QStyle *style = widget ? widget->style() : QApplication::style();
painter->save();
style->drawControl(QStyle::CE_ItemViewItem, &opt, painter);
painter->restore();
}
paint(), , , , ,
paint(), WeakRelationalDelegate
. .
253
QStyleOptionViewItemV4
. , , . initStyleOption()
QStyleOptionViewItemV4 , paint()
index (, , . .).
, text opt , . , , initStyleOption().
drawControl() style
QStyle. . QStyle (drawItemText(),
drawItemPixmap()),
.
, ,
paint(), displayText(),
.
, QVariant. , ,
panint().
WeakRelationalDelegate QStyledItemDelegate , , . ,
createEditor(), setEditorData() setModelData() ( 7.10).
7.10. WeakRelationalDelegate
class WeakRelationalDelegate : public QStyledItemDelegate
{
public:
WeakRelationalDelegate(QObject * parent = 0);
QWidget * createEditor ( QWidget * parent,
const QStyleOptionViewItem & option,
const QModelIndex & index ) const;
void setEditorData ( QWidget * editor,
void setModelData ( QWidget * editor, QAbstractItemModel * model,
};
, , , , createEditor().
, , ,
( 7.11).
II.
254
7.11. createEditor()
QWidget * WeakRelationalDelegate::createEditor(QWidget *parent,

const QModelIndex &index) const
{
WeakRelationalTable * model = (WeakRelationalTable *) index.model();
if (!model->relationModel(index.column()))
return QStyledItemDelegate::createEditor(parent, option, index);
else {
QComboBox * comboBox = new QComboBox(parent);
comboBox->setModel(model->relationModel(index.column()));
comboBox->setModelColumn(model->modelColumn(index.column()));
return comboBox;
}
}
class WeakRelationalDelegate : public QstyledItemDelegate
createEditor() QWidget *. - QWidget. ,

, , , , , , . , , QModelIndex relationalModel(),
-, . WeakRelationalTable,
. relationModel() ,
. , relationalModel() QSqlTableModel, .
NULL.
relationalModel() NULL, , createEditor() .
QComboBox. , . , , .
QComboBox : setModel()
setModelColumn(). , . ,
.

,
.
QComboBox, ,
currentIndex().
255
setEditorData() setModelData() ( 7.12).

7.12. , WeakRelationalDelegate
void WeakRelationalDelegate::setEditorData(QWidget *editor,
{
WeakRelationalTable * wmodel = (WeakRelationalTable *) index.model();
if (!wmodel->relationModel(index.column()))
return QStyledItemDelegate::setEditorData(editor, index);
if (editor->inherits("QComboBox")) {
QComboBox * combo = (QComboBox *)editor;
combo->setCurrentIndex(combo->findText(index.data().toString()));
}
}
void WeakRelationalDelegate::setModelData(QWidget *editor,
QAbstractItemModel *model, const QModelIndex &index) const
{
WeakRelationalTable * wmodel = (WeakRelationalTable *) index.model();
if (!wmodel->relationModel(index.column()))
return QStyledItemDelegate::setModelData(editor, model, index);
WeakRelation * r = wmodel->relation(index.column());
if ((editor->inherits("QComboBox"))&& r)
model->setData(index, r->getIdValue(
QVariant( ((QComboBox*)editor)->currentText())));
}
, createEditor(): , relationModel() ,
. ,
.
, , -. ,
, QWidget.
, , , , . Qt
(
Qt). inherits(),
QObject. .
true, , ,
( - ).
false.
II.
256

, , Qt, , : , QObject .
-, Q_OBJECT,
Qt .
setEditorData(). -, ,
. QModelIndex, data().
QVariant, , .
setModelData() ,
data() WeakRelationalTable,
, ,
. getIdValue() WeakRelation.
, , (. 7.5).
. 7.5.

Qt ,
. ,
( ) . , ,

+7 (XXX) XXX-XXXX, , -
257
- . . Interview Framework QString, , , ,

. -
QString, , .
,
. . - QLineEdit , . QLineEdit
. . , - , .
. Qt , , , . Interview Framework , . ,
PhoneNumberDelegate
( 7.13).
7.13. PhoneNumberDelegate
class PhoneNumberDelegate : public QStyledItemDelegate
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
const QModelIndex & index ) const
{
QWidget * w = QStyledItemDelegate::createEditor(parent, option,
index);
QLineEdit * lineEdit = qobject_cast<QLineEdit *>(w);
if (lineEdit)
lineEdit->setInputMask("+7 (999) 999-9999");
return w;
}
};
PhoneNumberDelegate QStyledItemDelegate
createEditor().
, . QWidget
" QLineEdit". qobject_cast<QLineEdit *>
. ,
, QLineEdit *, -
II.
258
QLineEdit. 0.

setInputMask().
:
ui->tableView->setItemDelegate(new QStyledItemDelegate());
ui->tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(phoneNumberColumn,
new PhoneNumberDelegate());
, (. 7.6).
( , ) ( ) .
. 7.6. -
, . , MoneyDelegate ( 7.14), ,
, ,
, .
7.14. MoneyDelegate
class MoneyDelegate : public QStyledItemDelegate
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
const QModelIndex & index ) const
{
QWidget * w = QStyledItemDelegate::createEditor(parent, option,
index);
QDoubleSpinBox * sb = qobject_cast<QDoubleSpinBox *>(w);
if (sb) {
sb->setDecimals(2);
sb->setSuffix(QString::fromUtf8(" ."));
}
259
return w;
}
QString displayText ( const QVariant & value,
const QLocale & locale ) const
{
QString val = QStyledItemDelegate::displayText(value, locale);
double d = val.toDouble();
QString s = QString::number(d, 'f', 2);
s = s + QString::fromUtf8("\t.");
return s;
}
};
, , , (. 7.7). paint(), ,
displayText(), QString.
,
paint(), . double, displayText(), ,
, 7.5e+6 ,
7500000.00.
. 7.7.

, value displayText()
locale QLocale. -
, ( locale.toSting()).
,
, , . ,
, . Qt
displayText(), , , .
, , . , QSqlTableModel,
QSqlRelationalTableModel WeakRelationalTable, , ,
QStyledItemDelegate,
QSqlRelationalDelegate
260
WeakRelationalDelegate ,
MoneyDelegate .
II.
PhoneNumberDelegate
( 7.15) ( QSqlRelationalDelegate). ,
, , , , . , . , ,
. , , true setEditable() QComboBox.
.
,
,
QSqlRelationalDelegate WeakRelationalDelegate,
createEditor(), ( - ?). . .
, , , . QComboBox ,
,
, , "" ,
.
EditableComboBoxDelegate . ,
, . ,
.
"" . EditableComboBoxDelegate (, -
, QComboBox).
createEditor() EditableComboBoxDelegate
, , ,
QComboBox, . , createEditor()
EditableComboBoxDelegate, setEditable() QComboBox
true.
7.15. EditableComboBoxDelegate
class EditableComboBoxDelegate : public QStyledItemDelegate
{
public:
EditableComboBoxDelegate(QAbstractItemDelegate * itemDelegate,
QObject * parent = 0):QStyledItemDelegate(parent)
261
{
delegate = itemDelegate;
}
QWidget *createEditor(QWidget *aParent,
{
QWidget * w = delegate->createEditor(aParent, option, index);
QComboBox * combo = qobject_cast<QComboBox*>(w);
if (combo) {
combo->setEditable(true);
}
return w;
}
private :
QAbstractItemDelegate * delegate;
};
EditableComboBoxDelegate QTableView :
ui->tableView->setItemDelegate(new QSqlRelationalDelegate());
ui->tableView->setItemDelegateForColumn(relationalRow,
new EditableComboBoxDelegate(ui->tableView->itemDelegate()));
, , , .
, . , ( ) (, , ). , Interview
Framework, (, ,
) , . ,
, ,
. ,
setItemDelegateForColumn(), ,
, setItemDelegateForRow(),
. , , ,
, .

, , role,
Qt::DisplayRole Qt::EditRole. .
, ( 7.16).
II.
262
7.16.
bool setTableToolTip(QAbstractTableModel * model, int column,
const QString &toolTip)
{
return model->setHeaderData(column, Qt::Horizontal, toolTip,
Qt::ToolTipRole);
}
bool setTableIcon(QAbstractTableModel * model, int column,
const QString &iconName)
{
QIcon icon;
icon.addPixmap(QPixmap(iconName), QIcon::Normal, QIcon::On);
return model->setHeaderData(column, Qt::Horizontal, icon,
Qt::DecorationRole);
}
setTableToolTip() . - ,
, ,
. QAbstractItemModel::
setHeaderData(), ,
role Qt::ToolTipRole,
, .
setTableIcon() , role setHeaderData() Qt::DecorationRole,
QIcon. (. 7.8).
. 7.8.
QDataWidgetMapper
, , . .
, QTableView, .
, , , , .
263
, ,
. , . Qt , .
QDataWidgetMapper. -
QAbstractItemView, . - QAbstractItemView, QDataWidgetMapper
. , , , . ( , ).
,
QDataWidgetMapper,
(. . ). , QDataWidgetMapper setCurrentItem().

, Borland,
, (data aware components). VCL . , Qt ,
QDataWidgetMapper .
QDataWidgetMapper
QDataWidgetMapper.
, ,
, ( ). addMapping() : .
,
. , ,
.
USER , true, :
addMapping()
Q_PROPERTY(int value READ value WRITE setValue NOTIFY valueChanged

USER true)
USER value true, .
widgetmapperdemo
. "" model QStandardItemModel (

). model QTableView,
QDataWidgetMapper
II.
264
, model. ,
, - . , , "" ,
, .
ch7/widgetmapperdemo
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
widgetmapperdemo NewUserDialog, QDialog
. ui
Ui::NewUserDialog (. 7.9). ,
formLayout QFormLayout.
, . , ,
,
. NewUserDialog
( 7.17).
7.17. NewUserDialog
class NewUserDialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit NewUserDialog(QDataWidgetMapper * aMapper,
QWidget *parent = 0);
~NewUserDialog();
public Q_SLOTS:
int exec();
void accept();
private:
Ui::NewUserDialog *ui;
QDataWidgetMapper * mapper;
};
. 7.9.
265
NewUserDialog QDialog ( 7.18).

7.18. NewUserDialog
NewUserDialog::NewUserDialog(QDataWidgetMapper * aMapper,
QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::NewUserDialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
mapper = aMapper;
mapper->addMapping(ui->userNameLineEdit, 0);
mapper->addMapping(ui->passwordLineEdit, 1);
mapper->addMapping(ui->mailLineEdit, 2);
ui->passwordLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
ui->password2LineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
connect(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(accept()));
connect(ui->pushButton_2, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(reject()));
}
NewUserDialog
QDataWidgetMapper. mapper. ,
( ). passwordLineEdit password2LineEdit.
mapper , , .
, QDataWidgetMapper,
addMapping(),
removeMapping() clearMapping() (
QDataWidgetMapper), .
, QDataWidgetMapper
, .
. ( 7.19).
7.19.
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
model = new QStandardItemModel(0, 3, this);
model->setHeaderData(0, Qt::Horizontal,
QString::fromUtf8(" "));
II.
266
model->setHeaderData(1, Qt::Horizontal, QString::fromUtf8(""));

model->setHeaderData(2, Qt::Horizontal, QString::fromUtf8(""));
ui->tableView->setModel(model);
ui->tableView->addAction(ui->actionAddUser);
ui->tableView->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::ActionsContextMenu);
mapper = new QDataWidgetMapper(this);
mapper->setModel(model);
newUserDialog = new NewUserDialog(mapper, this);
}
QDataWidgetMapper
setModel(), tableView. QDataWidgetMapper
submitPolicy,
QDataWidgetMapper::AutoSubmit QDataWidgetMapper::ManualSubmit. ( ) QDataWidgetMapper
, (. .
editingFinished(),
currentIndexChanged() . .). , <Enter> .
QDataWidgetMapper::ManualSubmit
- submit().
, , , , ,
ManualSubmit.
,
. ManualSubmit
QDataWidgetMapper , (,
QSqlTableModel), , , , .
QDataWidgetMapper setItemDelegate(),
, . , ,
tableView.
. , , , - . - accept() QDialog ( 7.20).
7.20. accept()
void NewUserDialog::accept()
{
if ((!ui->userNameLineEdit->text().isEmpty()) &&
(!ui->mailLineEdit->text().isEmpty())) {
267
if ((ui->password2LineEdit->text() ==
ui->passwordLineEdit->text()) &&
(!ui->passwordLineEdit->text().isEmpty()))
return QDialog::accept();
else
QMessageBox::critical(this,
QString::fromUtf8(" "),
QString::fromUtf8(" !"));
} else
QString::fromUtf8(" !"));
}
accept() , , . ,
OK. ,
.
OK , accept()
(QDialog::Accepted) return.
, .
:
.
, EditStrategy
OnManualSubmit , . ( 7.21)
findItems() , .
,
newUserDialog, , :
, .
. NewUserDialog
, "" (
). , , MainWindow.
7.21.
void MainWindow::addUser()
{
model->insertRow(0);
mapper->setCurrentIndex(0);
if (!newUserDialog->exec())
model->removeRow(0);
II.
268
while (model->findItems(model->data(model->index(0, 0)).toString(),

Qt::MatchFixedString, 0).count() > 1) {
}
while (model->findItems(model->data(model->index(0, 2)).toString(),
Qt::MatchFixedString, 2).count() > 1) {
QMessageBox::critical(this, QString::fromUtf8(" "),
}
}
addUser() .
/... (. 7.10). actionAddUser , , addUser triggered() .
. 7.10.
269
QDataWidgetMapper
QComboBox
, QSqlRelationalTableModel QSqlRelationalDelegate ( ), ,
, QTableView
. ,
QDataWidgetMapper :
QSqlRelationalDelegate ( ), addMapping()
QComboBox , .
, QComboBox ,
. , .
QComboBox QDataWidgetMapper , QTableView. QComboBox
, . Qt
combowidgetmapper, , QComboBox
QDataWidgetMapper QStandardItemModel.
QSqlRelationalTableModel ( 7.22).
7.22. QComboBox
QSqlRelationalTableModel * model = new QSqlRelationalTableModel();
model->setTable("Compositions");
model->setRelation(2, QSqlRelation("Genres", "id", "name"));
model->select();
mapper = new QDataWidgetMapper(this);
mapper->setModel(model);
QComboBox * genresComboBox = new QComboBox(this);
genresComboBox->setModel(model()->relationModel(2));
mapper->addMapping(ui->comboBox, 2, "currentIndex");
QSqlRelationalTableModel, ,
, " "
. , setRelation()
, . . QSqlRelationalTableModel
.
select(), , , .
mapper. setModel()
, . ,
mapper QComboBox,
270
II.
.
QSqlRelationalTableModel,
( QSqlTableModel) relationModel(),
model, . , setModel()
QComboBox. :
genresComboBox->setModel(model()->relationModel(2));
genresComboBox , QTableView.
Qt

, , , .
, OpenGL.
Linux
.
Arthur
Qt 4 Qt 3
, . QPainter QPaintDevice ,
QPaintEngine. ,
, - QPaintEngine, . QPainter QPaintDevice
QPaintEngine , , . , ,
QPaintEngine, Qt 4, - . , " " QPainter
QPaintDevice ,
, ,
OpenGL, . , ,
,
, ""
( , QPainter
"" ). , QGLWidget, OpenGL, QPainter, , , .
,
( ) -, .
272
II.
, . QGLWidget.
QPainter QGLWidget ,
. : - , OpenGL - QWidget. QGLWidget "" , .
OpenGL " " 3D-
, .
,
OpenGL, - QGLWidget.
paintEvent(), , , , .
Qt 4, 4.7, ,
OpenGL, QGLWidget. Qt 4.8 ,
. -
, QGLWidget. paintEvent() GLWidget ( QGLWidget)
arthur-demo ( ch8/arthur-demo
8.1. paintEvent() GLWidget
void GLWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{
QPainter painter;
QPen pen;
painter.begin(this);
painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::HighQualityAntialiasing);
painter.eraseRect(QRect(0, 0, width(), height()));
painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, width(), height(), *pixmap);
painter.translate(width()/2, height()/2);
painter.rotate(angle);
painter.translate(-width()/2, -height()/2);
pen.setColor(QColor(0, 127, 0));
pen.setWidth(4);
painter.setPen(pen);
painter.drawLine(0, 0, width(), height());
painter.drawLine(0, height(), width(), 0);
painter.setBrush(QColor(255, 0, 0, 127));
painter.drawRect(0, 0, width()/2, height());
8. Qt
273

painter.drawRect(0, 0, width(), height()/2);
painter.drawRect(width()/2, 0, width()/2, height());
painter.end();
event->accept();
}
, , GLWidget
QGLWidget, QPainter. begin() painter. QPaintDevice,
QGLWidget (, , ).
.
"" painter.

setRenderHint().
QPainter::HighQualityAntialiasing, . setRenderHint()
,
.
(alpha
blending)
QColor(). , ,
translate() rotate(). ,
(, 3D-), .
OpenGL,
, Arthur
OpenGL, OpenGL (,
eraseRect() glClearColor()).
3D-,

PostScript.

, .
GLWidget::paintEvent(), , ( ), QPainter::setRedirected(), QWidget::render() , . . OpenGL.
.
,
OpenGL, . , grabFrameBuffer(),
QGLWidget, QImage, -
274
II.
OpenGL. ,
, "" PDF ( 8.2).
8.2. - QGLWidget PDF
QImage img = glWidget->grabFrameBuffer(true);
QPrinter printer;
printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter::PdfFormat);
printer.setOutputFileName("D:\\pdfs\\page1.pdf");
QPainter painter;
painter.begin(&printer);
painter.drawImage(0, 0, img);
painter.end();
GLWidget ( 8.3).
8.3. GLWidget
GLWidget::GLWidget(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent)
{
angle = 0;
pixmap = new QPixmap();
pixmap->load("mashrooms.png");
if (pixmap->isNull())
qWarning() <<
QString::fromUtf8(" 'mashrooms.png' .");
}
QPixmap.
( isNull() true), . qWarning() ,
, , -
. qWarning() <<,
<QDebug> . Qt Creator
,
. - Eclipse ( GNU), . , , , ,
Linux.
Microsoft Visual Studio ,
Visual Studio Command Prompt.
QMainWindow
( 8.4).
8. Qt
275
8.4. OpenGL
void OGLWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
glWidget->setAngle(glWidget->getAngle()+0.1);
glWidget->update();
}
setAngle() getAngle() angle,

GLWidget::paintEvent().
,
- (. 8.1).
. 8.1. , Arthur
, OpenGL , . ,
. , . scalefast, Ch8/scalefast,

.
"" "", (. 8.2).
drawPixmap() QPainter,
, QPixmap
/.
II.
276
. 8.2. scalefast

, Linux,
, , OpenGL (
, ).
4098 4098 ,
, , .
, , , .
.
QGLContext
OpenGL ,
OpenGL. OpenGL
, . OpenGL,
. QGLContext
OpenGL, .
QGLFormat. ,
QGLWidget OpenGL. , makeCurrent().
, , OpenGL Qt. -
8. Qt
277
,
. , , .
, ,
, ,
. , , OpenGL, , .
OpenGL ,
.
Qt, Windows, - OpenGL , OpenGL, . .
,
. , , OpenGL .
, OpenGL
(, . .). OpenGL ,
. -. , Linux, OpenGL ,
OpenGL ( ,
OpenGL). Windows, , OpenGL , .
,
Qt , . , OpenGL
( ,
),
.
OpenGL , ,
, .
doublecontexts (. 8.3)
OpenGL Qt. Ch8/doublecontexts.
, 3D-, "" OpenGL,
, GLWidget, OpenGL: OpenGL, ,
. QGLWidget , .
,
OpenGL ( 8.5).
II.
278
. 8.3. OpenGL
8.5. GLWidget1
class GLWidget1 : public QGLWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit GLWidget1(QWidget *parent = 0);
~GLWidget1();
signals:
public slots:
protected:
void initializeGL();
void resizeGL(int width, int height);
void paintGL();
private:
double x;
};
, - QGLWidget,
initializeGL(), resizeGL() paintGL(). ,
OpenGL. ,
, (
). resizeGL() , . OpenGL,
-
8. Qt
279
. , paintGL() . ( 8.6).
8.6. GLWidget1
void GLWidget1::initializeGL()
{
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);
glClearDepth(1.0f);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);
}
void GLWidget1::resizeGL(int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0,0,width, height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
void GLWidget1::paintGL()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(-0.3f,0.0f,-6.0f);
glRotatef(x, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
...
glEnd();
x += 1.0;
}
, OpenGL, , . , OpenGL
, ,
,
setAutoBufferSwap(). swapBuffers(). , QGLWidget, OpenGL.
, , ( 8.7).
280
II.
8.7. GLWidget1
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
glw1 = new GLWidget1(ui->frame);
glw2 = new GLWidget2(ui->frame_2);
...
startTimer(50);
}
void MainWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *)
{
glw1->makeCurrent();
glw1->updateGL();
glw2->makeCurrent();
glw2->updateGL();
}
updateGL() .
OpenGL Qt
, , 4.6, Qt OpenGL OpenGL-ES. Qt , : QGLShaderProgram QGLShader.
QGLShaderProgram , , GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language).
,
Qt, . QGLShaderProgram
, .
GLSL GLSL-ES.

QGLShader.
Qt
shader-demo,
( Ch8/shader-demo).
, - GLShaderWidget, QGLWidget.
GLShaderWidget
( 8.8).
8. Qt
281
8.8. GLWidget1
class GLShaderWidget : public QGLWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit GLShaderWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~GLShaderWidget();
signals:
public slots:
protected:
void paintGL();
void loadShader(const QString &vshader, const QString &fshader);
private:
int frameCounter;
QGLShaderProgram * shaderProgram;
QGLShader * vertexShader, * fragmentShader;
double x;
};
, -
QGLWidget, loadShader().
, . loadShader()
, , ,
, GLSL. .
-
QGLShaderProgram QGLShader. loadShader()
( 8.9).
8.9. GLWidget1
void GLShaderWidget::loadShader(const QString &vshader,
const QString &fshader)
{
if(shaderProgram)
{
shaderProgram->release();
shaderProgram->removeAllShaders();
}
else shaderProgram = new QGLShaderProgram;
if(vertexShader)
{
delete vertexShader;
282
II.
vertexShader = NULL;
}
if(fragmentShader)
{
delete fragmentShader;
fragmentShader = NULL;
}
QFileInfo vsh(vshader);
if(vsh.exists())
{
vertexShader = new QGLShader(QGLShader::Vertex);
if(vertexShader->compileSourceFile(vshader))
shaderProgram->addShader(vertexShader);
else qWarning() << QString::fromUtf8(" ")
<< vertexShader->log();
}
QFileInfo fsh(fshader);
if(fsh.exists())
{
fragmentShader = new QGLShader(QGLShader::Fragment);
if(fragmentShader->compileSourceFile(fshader))
shaderProgram->addShader(fragmentShader);
else qWarning()
<< QString::fromUtf8(" ")
<< fragmentShader->log();
}
if(!shaderProgram->link())
{
qWarning()
<< QString::fromUtf8(" ")
<< shaderProgram->log();
}
loadShader() , ( GLShaderWidget
NULL ). ,
loadShader() initializeGL(), , ,
GLShaderWidget.
, , , . ,
QGLShader::Vertex
QGLShader::Fragment. GLSL compileSourceFile() QGLShader.
"" compileSourceCode(),
, .
QString, QByteArray
8. Qt
283
C ( char ). ,
GLSL, Qt,
, . QString
,
QByteArray . . ( ),
.
OpenGL
QGLShaderProgram.
, ( addShader()).
link()
. link(),
, ,
( 8.10).
8.10.
uniform vec3 myColor;
void main()
{
gl_FragColor = vec4(myColor, 1.);
}
, .

GLSL, OpenGL. . ,
GLSL , Qt .
( ) ,
. , ,
, , ,
, , - .
QGLShader QGLShaderProgram log(),
.
, :
QGLShader::link: "Vertex shader(s) linked, fragment shader(s) linked."
(" , .")
Qt.
284
II.
GLShaderWidget ( 8.11).
8.11. GLShaderWidget
GLShaderWidget::GLShaderWidget(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent)
{
makeCurrent();
shaderProgram = NULL;
vertexShader = NULL;
fragmentShader = NULL;
}
GLShaderWidget::~GLShaderWidget()
{
delete shaderProgram;
delete vertexShader;
delete fragmentShader;
}
void GLShaderWidget::initializeGL()
{
loadShader(":/Basic.vsh", ":/Basic.fsh");
shaderProgram->bind();
x = 0;
frameCounter = 0;
}
void GLShaderWidget::resizeGL(int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.,((GLfloat)width)/((GLfloat)height),0.1f,1000.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
void GLShaderWidget::paintGL()
{
glLoadIdentity();
frameCounter ++;
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
glRotatef(frameCounter,0.0f,0.0f,0.5f);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0,0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0,0.0);
8. Qt
285
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0,0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0,0.0);
glEnd();
x += 0.1;
shaderProgram->setUniformValue("myColor", sin(x), cos(x), 1.);
}
. GLShaderWidget , OpenGL ,
OpenGL
. NULL , . ,
.
initializeGL() loadShader(),
bind() loaShader() shaderProgram.
OpenGL. , QGLShaderProgram programId(),
, OpenGL.
OpenGL glUseProgram().
QGLShaderProgram ,
.
myColor, vec3, . .
. setUniformValue(). . , . setUniformValue() 50 (, Qt ),
.
. 8.4. shader-demo
286
II.
setUniformValue(),
QGLShaderProgram setAttributeValue(),
.
, , shader-demo,
(. 8.4).

, Qt, , ,
, ( ). . -, Qt ,
Qt. -, Qt,
. , , Qt , .
Qt/3D, 4.8 Qt.
Qt/3D
Qt/3D, OpenGL/ES.
, , OpenGL/ES ,
.
Qt/3D Arthur. Arthur "" . Qt/3D , ,
. , Qt/3D
, Qt, .
Qt/3D
Qt. QGLPainter QPainter
OpenGL/ES. , QPainter, QGLPainter begin()
end(). draw* (drawLine(), drawRect()) QGLPainter
draw(), .

QGL::DrawingMode, , draw().
QGL::DrawingMode OpenGL: QGL::Lines, QGL::Triangles,
QGL::TriangleStrip . . (vertex arrays). isCullable(), , , (,
, "", . . )
. false
, . , QGLPainter -
8. Qt
287
, , ,
OpenGL.
QGLPainter QOpenGLFunctions. OpenGL/ES 2.0 ,
. OpenGL
QOpenGLFunctions. , Qt/3D OpenGL OpenGL .
, .
QGLView QGLWidget.
QGLWidget, , , ,
QGLView ,
. , QGLView , .
QPlane3D, QRay3D, QTriangle3D. , ,
. .
OpenGL , OpenGL. , ,
OpenGL, , ,
- .
, , , , .
, OpenGL, ,
, . ,
, . :
, , .
.
, , QPlane3D, QRay3D, QVector3D,
QGLView QGLCamera, . tank, Qt/3D (. 8.5),
OpenGL.
Qt/3D , . Qt/3D
, Qt, . Qt/3D Qt,
.
git. http://
II.
288
doc.qt.nokia.com/qt3d-snapshot/qt3d-building.html. ,
Qt/3D Qt, 4.7.
Qt ( SDK
), Qt/3D. , Qt/3D.
. 8.5. tank
OpenGL , ? , . Qt/3D
. dome,
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/, . DomeView,
QGLView ( 8.12).
8.12. DomeView
class DomeView : public QGLView
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
DomeView(QWidget *parent = 0);
~DomeView();
protected:
void paintGL(QGLPainter *painter);
void timerEvent (QTimerEvent *);
8. Qt
289
private:
QGLSceneNode * dome;
QGLTexture2D tex;
int angle;
};
, DomeView, paintGL(), initializeGL() resizeGL().

QGLView , . , , , .
QGLTexture2D .
.
QGLSceneNode. QGLSceneNode .
"" . , , . QGLSceneNode , ,
. , draw() QGLSceneNode.
DomeView ( 8.13).
8.13. DomeView
DomeView::DomeView(QWidget *parent)
: QGLView(parent)
{
QGLBuilder builder;
builder << QGL::Faceted;
builder << QGLDome();
dome = builder.finalizedSceneNode();
startTimer(50);
tex.setImage(QImage(QLatin1String(":/stripes.png")));
}
DomeView::~DomeView()
{
delete dome;
}
void DomeView::paintGL(QGLPainter *painter)
{
painter->setStandardEffect(QGL::LitDecalTexture2D);
painter->setFaceColor(QGL::AllFaces, QColor(170, 202, 0));
II.
290
tex.bind();
painter->modelViewMatrix().rotate(angle, 1, 1, 1.0f);
painter->modelViewMatrix().rotate(-45, 1, 1, 1.0f);
dome->draw(painter);
}
void DomeView::timerEvent (QTimerEvent *)
{
angle +=1;
updateGL();
}
DomeView
Qt/3D QGLBuilder.
QGLSceneNode,
, "",
QGLBuilder. , QGLBuilder,
: QGLSceneNode OpenGL. , QGLSceneNode ,
. , . QGLBuilder. <<. QGLBuilder
. Smoothing, , , , , . QGL::Faceted , ( , , , ).
QGeometryData,
. , QGLDome,
,
QGeometryData. Qt/3D ( Qt/3D, , , , ). QGLDome <<, QGLBuilder.
, .
dome QGLSceneNode finalizedSceneNode()
QGLBuilder. , ,
dome.draw() paintGL() DomeView.
paintGL()
OpenGL, QGLSceneNode, , , , . QGLSceneNode ? , ( 8.14).
8. Qt
291
8.14. QGLSceneNode
QGLBuilder builder;
builder << QGL::Faceted;
builder << QGLDome();
dome = builder.finalizedSceneNode();
tex.setImage(QImage(QLatin1String(":/stripes.png")));
QGLMaterial * material = new QGLMaterial();
material->setTexture(&tex);
dome->setMaterial(material);
setMaterial() (
QGLMaterial), ( material->setTexture()). , material
tex , dome,
. paintGL() tex.bind(),
dome "", . , (. 8.6).
. 8.6. ,

Qt/3D.
make install Qt. ,
, libQt3D.so (, , Qt3D.dll)
.
II.
292
, "" OpenGL, , . Qt/3D

QGLInfo. QGLInfo - report(),
, . Qt/3D, .
qt-labs/qt3d/blobs/master/util/qglinfo/. , (. 8.7). , QGLInfo
OpenGL, , , ,
.
. 8.7. qglinfo
OpenCL Qt 4.8
(
). 100%,
8. Qt
293
. ( ). , GLSL, , , , , .
, , . . ,
,
.
,
, . . OpenCL (Open Computing Language,
) ,
OpenGL , - ,
.
OpenCL www.khronos.org/opencl. , . OpenCL
( ), , ,
, . ,
, . . , ,
, , OpenCL
.

, OpenCL, ,
, . , , OpenCL ,
, .
OpenCL . OpenCL

. ,
OpenCL , , , , .
, , , OpenCL. , -
II.
294
OpenCL, , . .
(, ,
OpenGL,
).
. OpenGL - ,
- OpenGL
, , OpenCL
,
OpenCL .
, , .

OpenCL.
OpenCL , ,
.
OpenCL , . ,
, .
OpenCL Qt? Qt/3D,

Qt , OpenCL .
OpenCL Qt 4.8,
QtOpenCL 4.7 , Qt . Qt/3D,
QtOpenCL , git. , , http://doc.qt.nokia.com/opencl-snapshot/.
, , QtOpenCL
, . , , ,
QtOpenCL . ,
QtOpenCL
.
, , OpenCL 1.1 SDK .
, ,
clinfo. util
QtOpenCL.

OpenCL. clinfo
( 8.15). Qt Creator,
, .
8. Qt
295
8.15. clinfo
OpenCL Platforms:
Platform ID
Profile
Version
Name
Vendor
Extension Suffix
Extensions
...
Platform ID
Profile
Version
Name
Vendor
Extension Suffix
...
OpenCL Devices:
...
Device ID
Platform ID
Vendor ID
Type
Profile
Version
Driver Version
Language Version
Name
Vendor
Available
Compute Units
Clock Frequency
Address Bits
Byte Order
...
Device ID
Platform ID
Vendor ID
Type
Profile
Version
Driver Version
Language Version
Name
Vendor
Available
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
5851472
FULL_PROFILE
OpenCL 1.1 WINDOWS
Intel(R) OpenCL
Intel(R) Corporation
Intel
:
:
:
:
:
:
239706308
FULL_PROFILE
OpenCL 1.1 AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4 (595.10)
AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
AMD
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
240713712
239706308
4098
GPU
FULL_PROFILE
CAL 1.4.1385 (VM)
OpenCL C 1.1
Cypress
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
true
14
800 MHz
32
Little Endian
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
240718192
239706308
4098
CPU
FULL_PROFILE
2.0
OpenCL C 1.1
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU
Q9400
GenuineIntel
true
@ 2.66GHz
II.
296
Compute Units
Clock Frequency
Address Bits
Byte Order
...
:
:
:
:
4
2666 MHz
32
Little Endian
, OpenCL (Intel AMD) ( Intel AMD,

). , OpenCL
Qt, , .
vectoradd QtOpenCL. OpenCL ,
2048 int. ( 8.16).
8.16. vectoradd
int main(int, char **)
{
QCLContext context;
if (!context.create(QCLDevice::GPU)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not create OpenCL context for the GPU\n");
return 1;
}
QCLVector<int> input1 = context.createVector<int>(2048);
QCLVector<int> input2 = context.createVector<int>(2048);
for (int index = 0; index < 2048; ++index) {
input1[index] = index/2;
input2[index] = (index + 1)/2;
}
QCLVector<int> output = context.createVector<int>(2048);
QCLProgram program =
context.buildProgramFromSourceFile(":/vectoradd.cl");
QCLKernel kernel = program.createKernel("vectorAdd");
kernel.setGlobalWorkSize(2048);
kernel(input1, input2, output);
for (int index = 0; index < 2048; ++index) {
if (output[index] != index) {
fprintf(stderr, "Answer at index %d is %d, should be %d\n",
index, output[index], index);
return 1;
} else
printf("Answer is correct: %d\n", index);
}
return 0;
}
8. Qt
297
OpenCL context
QCLContext. QGLContext, QCLContext
Qt, OpenCL. OpenCL create() QCLContext. create() OpenCL,
. ,
, . ,
,
QCLDevice::GPU.
,
OpenCL, kernel ( program.createKernel()) . OpenCL
.
clinfo, vectoradd ( : ,
, ).
, Qt Creator, , clinfo,
, Qt Creator
.

. , , ,
Qt , . ,
Qt, ,
. (
) Qt.

,
, ,
, 32- . , ,
, , , .
? , , . , .
, ,
.
,
26 755 ( , ), 2 , . . ,
32- . , JPEG, ,
PNG, , . , , , , 32- ,
, . , ,
, , QPixmap, (
QPixmap, ,
). ,
64- " "

9.
299
, . , , , , .
, ,
( , , ).
QImage, QPicture QPixmap

QImage , . . ,
QImage , , .
. ,
QImage::Format_RGB32, 4
(, ,
32- ). ,
, , QImage
, h * w * 4, h w , , . Qt, , ,
, QImage ,
. , .
QPicture
, QPainter.
Qt .
QPicture Windows. .
QPixmap . , QPaintDevice, , , QPixmap , QImage.
QPixmap
, QPixmap ,
. , , ,
Linux, , QPixmap . , , QPixmap , QImage (
QPixmap QImage). QPixmap
QPixmap, .

, -
300
II.
. , -, :
, . , , . ,
,
, , , ? .
. , 2000 . ,
, .
, Qlabel,
QScrollArea. ( 9.1).
9.1.
QPixmap * pixmap = new pixmap("picture.jpg");
QLabel * label = new QLabel();
label->setPixmap(*pixmap);
QScrollArea * scrollArea = new QScrollArea();
scrollArea->setWidget(label);
: scrollArea->
setWidget(label) label scrollArea.
scrollArea label.
, , QFrame, , . , , .

, ( ) . , , , ,
PictureDrawer. , ,
ImageFrame. 9.1
( 9.2).
9.2. ImageFrame
ImageFrame * imf = new ImageFrame ("picture.jpg");
// ImageFrame
// PictureDrawer .
QScrollArea * scrollArea = new QScrollArea();
scrollArea->setWidget(imf);
9.
301
, 9.1,
.
" " PictureDrawer.
, , , .
QImageReader. , .
QImage, (. . ).
QImageReader ,
, (
).

, Qt. - , , .
, QImageReader , QImageReader
. load()
PictureDrawer ( 9.3).
9.3. load() ( 1)
void PictureDrawer::load(const QString &fileName, const int x1, int y1,
int x2, int y2)
{
if (!pixmap) {
QImageReader ir(fileName);
ir.setClipRect(QRect(x1, y1, x2 x1, y2 y1));
QImage img = ir.read();
pixmap->convertFromImage(img);
}
}
, x1, y1, x2, y2

, fileName.
QImageReader, , . setClipRect()
QImageReader .
QRect.
II.
302

QRect . ,
,
( ,
). , .
,
QImage. - , isNull() QImage true.
QImage QPixmap.
convertFromImage() QPixmap.
, load()
, pixmap QPixmap ( 0). , pixmap,
.
PictureDrawer discard(),
, . ( 9.4).
9.4. discard()
void PictureDrawer::discard()
{
label->setPixmap(0);
delete pixmap;
pixmap = 0;
}
ImageFrame, , , QFrame.
PictureDrawer ( 9.5).
9.5. ImageFrame ( 1)
ImageFrame::ImageFrame(const QString &fileName) : QFrame()
{
QImageReader ir(fileName);
int w = ir.size().width();
int h = ir.size().height();
setMinimumWidth(w);
setMinimumHeight(h);
setGeometry(0, 0, w, h);
QGridLayout * layout = new QGridLayout(this);
layout->setMargin(0);
layout->setVerticalSpacing(0);
layout->setHorizontalSpacing(0);
9.
303
setLayout(layout);
pd1 = new PictureDrawer(this);
pd1->setGeometry(0, 0, w/2-1, h/2-1);
pd1->load(fileName, 0, 0, w/2, h/2);
layout->addWidget(pd1, 0, 0);
pd2->setGeometry(0, 0, w w/2, h/2);
pd2->load(fileName, w/2, 0, w w/2, h/2);
pd3->setGeometry(0, 0, w/2, h h/2);
pd3->load(fileName, 0, h/2, w/2, h h/2);
pd4->setGeometry(0, 0, w w/2, h h/2);
pd4->load(fileName, w-w/2, h-h/2, w/2, h/2);
}
ImageFrame QImageReader.
,
. Qt QImageReader
, .
PictureDrawer. QGridLayout, .
,
. , , .
ImageFrame , ,
, ImageFrame, . paintEvent() ( 9.6).
9.6. paintEvent()
void ImageFrame::paintEvent(QPaintEvent * e)
{
if (e->rect().intersects(QRect(0, 0, width()/2, height()/2))) {
pd1->update();
} else pd1->discard();
if (e->rect().intersects(QRect( width()/2, 0, width() width()/2,
height()/2))) {
pd2->update();
304
II.
if (e->rect().intersects(QRect(0, height()/2-10, width()/2,
height() height()/2))) {
pd3->update();
if (e->rect().intersects(QRect( width()-width()/2,
height()-height()/2, width()/2, height()/2))) {
pd4->update();
QFrame::paintEvent(e);
- QPaintEvent,
, . . QPaintEvent rect(), QRectangle, . . . ,
. "", , , , ,
. , rect(), , . , , rect(),
, , . ,
( ).
rect() , . QRectangle,
rect(), intersects(), ,
, QRectangle, . ,
.
,
update() PictureDrawer ( , ,
load()). discard()
PictureDrawer.
, ,
, ,
.
. ,
, .
( , ).
, (
, . .),
. ,
(. 9.1).
9.
305
. 9.1. 4 16
. , . , ,
.
, . .
, 16 . ,
, . ,
, , . 1/4 , , , .
, , , . ,
"".
ImageFrame ( 9.7).
typedef class QList<PictureDrawer *> DrawersList;
const int Division = 4;
ImageFrame::ImageFrame(const QString &fileName) : QFrame()
{
ir.setDevice(fileName);
setMinimumWidth(w);
306
II.
setLayout(layout);
DrawersList * dl = new DrawersList();
for (int i = 0; i < Division; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < Division; j++) {
PictureDrawer * pd = new PictureDrawer(this);
pd->setGeometry(0, 0, w/Division, h/Division);
pd->load(fileName, i*w/Division, j*h/Division,
(i+1)*w/Division, (j+1)*h/Division);
layout->addWidget(pd, j, i);
pd->discard();
dl->append(pd);
}
drawersList = dl;
PicturewDrawer
DrawersList, QList. , ,
, , .
, Division ( , 16 ).
Division ImageFrame, , , . ,
PictureDrawer, , PictureDrawer
, dl. , , PictureDrawer, discard(), .
PictureDrawer drawingRect(),
QRectangle, , PictureDrawer. paintEvent() ImageFrame ( 9.8).
9.8. paintEvent() ImageFrame
{
DrawersList * dl = (DrawersList * ) drawersList;
foreach (PictureDrawer * pd, *dl) {
if ((e->rect().intersects(pd->drawingRect())))
pd->update();
} else {
pd->discard();
}
}
}
9.
307
paintEvent()
PictureDrawer, , ,
, update(), discard().
, , :
. : ,
, , , QImageReader. , .
, -,
. , , .
,
.
? -, . , .
, .
.
, 28 000 . JPEG ( , ) 28 , 3,2 ( , . . , ).

, .
, .
. QImageReader, . , QIODevice. , QFile ( ).
. QBuffer. QBuffer , . QBuffer QByteArray. QByteArray QBuffer,
, . ,
ImageFrame ,
QBuffer. QIODevice, QImageReader
( setDevice() QImageReader).
QImageReader QBuffer ,
II.
308
, .
ImageFrame, QBuffer ,
( 9.9).
QFile f(fileName);
f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
QByteArray * ba = new QByteArray(f.readAll());
io = new QBuffer(ba);
f.close();
io->open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
ir.setDevice(io);
...
delete ba;
io QBuffer *, ir
QimageReader. ImageFrame ,
ba QByteArray,
"" io QBuffer. ir
ba .

QBuffer "" QByteArray,
/.
.
QBuffer, , ,
PictureDrawer? load() PictureDrawer QBuffer? ,
( 9.10).
9.10. load() ( 2)
pd->load(io, i*w/Division, j*h/Division, (i+1)*w/Division,
(j+1)*h/Division);
dl->append(pd);
}
9.
309
, QBuffer, QImageReader? , -

QImageReader. , load() PictureDrawer ( 9.11).
9.11. load() ( 3)
void PictureDrawer::load(QIODevice *ioDevice, const int x1, int y1,
int x2, int y2)
{
io = ioDevice;
io->reset();
QImageReader ir(io);
ir.setClipRect(QRect(x1, y1, x2 x1, y2 y1));
...
}
img , load(),
. ., QPixmap.
PictureDrawer
ImageFrame, , . , . load(),

QImageReader. , , .
? ,
QImageReader QImage
QPixmap, ( PNG
).
( QByteArray) , , . , ,
QPixmap ( , ).
. PictureDrawer ( 9.12).
9.12. PictureDrawer
class PictureDrawer : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
310
II.
public:
explicit PictureDrawer(QWidget *parent = 0);
~PictureDrawer();
void load(QIODevice * ioDevice, const int x1, int y1,
int x2, int y2);
void update();
void discard();
void setPersistence(int p);
void optimizeForSpeed(bool b);
QRect drawingRect();
private:
QPixmap * pixmap;
int _x1, _y1, _x2, _y2;
QIODevice * io;
QLabel * label;
QByteArray * chank;
int resource;
int persistence;
bool noDiscard;
};
chank ,
PictureDrawer ( ,
). ( 9.13).
9.13. PictureDrawer
PictureDrawer::PictureDrawer(QWidget *parent) :
QWidget(parent)
{
pixmap = 0;
label = new QLabel(this);
resource = 0;
persistence = 0;
io = 0;
noDiscard = false;
chank = new QByteArray();
}
PictureDrawer::~PictureDrawer()
{
delete pixmap;
delete chank;
}
9.
void PictureDrawer::setPersistence(int p)
{
persistence = p;
}
void PictureDrawer::optimizeForSpeed(bool b)
{
noDiscard = b;
}
void PictureDrawer::load(QIODevice *ioDevice, const int x1, int y1,
int x2, int y2)
{
_x1 = x1;
_y1 = y1;
_x2 = x2;
_y2 = y2;
io = ioDevice;
io->reset();
QImageReader ir(io);
ir.setClipRect(QRect(_x1, _y1, _x2 _x1, _y2 _y1));
if (img.isNull())
qWarning() << "Image is NULL" << QRect(_x1, _y1, _x2 _x1,
_y2 _y1);
QIODevice * chankIntf = new QBuffer(chank, this);
chankIntf->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
if (!img.save(chankIntf, "PNG"))
qWarning() << "Failed saving image"
<< QRect(_x1, _y1, _x2 _x1, _y2 _y1);
delete chankIntf;
}
QRect PictureDrawer::drawingRect()
{
return QRect(_x1, _y1, _x2 _x1, _y2 _y1);
}
void PictureDrawer::discard()
{
if (noDiscard) return;
if(resource > 0) resource--;
if(resource == 0) {
label->setPixmap(0);
delete pixmap;
pixmap = 0;
}
}
311
312
II.
void PictureDrawer::update() {
resource = persistence;
if (io&&(!pixmap)) {
if (!pixmap->loadFromData(*chank, "PNG"))
qWarning() << "Failed drawing image"
<< QRect(_x1, _y1, _x2 _x1, _y2 _y1);
label->setMinimumWidth(pixmap->width());
label->setMinimumHeight(pixmap->height());
}
}
load(). x1, y1, x2, y2 _x1, _y1, _x2 _y2 .

(
, QImageReader QBuffer,
ioDevice). load()
, .
img QPixmap, img
chank PNG. img QImage chank QByteArray ,
chankIntf QBuffer. ,
QBuffer, chankIntf, QByteArray,
. chank PNG, chankIntf , . .
. , QIODevice,
ioDevice io, load(). io update() , , load() ( , chank
).
update(), ImageFrame,
.
chank pixmap, .
,
loadFromData() QPixmap.
discard() .
. PictureDrawer.
, "", .
, noDiscard true. discard() pixmap, update(), ,
. -
9.
313
, , , ,
.
, , ,
QPaintEvent, .
- resource. noDiscard false
resource , discard() pixmap,
. update(),
, , persistence.
, . , ,
, . , , .
, , ,
( , , ,
). ,
noDiscard false, persistence \ 0.
ImageFrame ( 9.14).
9.14. ImageFrame
class ImageFrame : public QFrame
{
public:
typedef enum {
OptimizeForMemory = 0,
OptimizeForSpeed,
TradeoffOptimization
} Optimizations;
ImageFrame(const QString &fileName,
Optimizations opt = ImageFrame::OptimizeForMemory);
~ImageFrame();
protected:
void paintEvent(QPaintEvent * e);
private:
void optimizePictureDrawer(PictureDrawer * pd,
ImageFrame::Optimizations op);
void * drawersList;
};
Optimizations.
, . OptimizeForMemory
314
II.
. OptimizeForSpeed
OptimizeForMemory, TradeoffOptimization ,
.
optimizePictureDrawer()

PictureDrawer . ImageFrame
: optimizePictureDrawer() ( 9.15).
9.15. ImageFrame
ImageFrame::ImageFrame(const QString &fileName, Optimizations opt)
: QFrame()
{
QFile f(fileName);
QImageReader ir;
QByteArray ba = f.readAll();
QBuffer io(&ba);
f.close();
io.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
ir.setDevice(&io);
setMinimumWidth(w);
setLayout(layout);
pd->load(&io, i*w/Division, j*h/Division,
(i+1)*w/Division, (j+1)*h/Division);
optimizePictureDrawer(pd, opt);
dl->append(pd);
}
drawersList = dl;
}
void ImageFrame::optimizePictureDrawer(PictureDrawer *pd,
ImageFrame::Optimizations op)
9.
315
{
switch(op) {
case ImageFrame::OptimizeForMemory:
pd->optimizeForSpeed(false);
pd->setPersistence(0);
break;
case ImageFrame::OptimizeForSpeed:
pd->optimizeForSpeed(true);
break;
case ImageFrame::TradeoffOptimization:
pd->optimizeForSpeed(false);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
. , update()
PictureDrawer ,
,
ImageFrame . (ba) .
QImageReader QBuffer. io QBuffer load()
PictureDrawer , ,
, io
. optimizePictureDrawer()
PictureDrawer .

, .
, ,
Ch9/bigimages http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/. bigimg.jpg.
(. 9.2) (200400)
, ""
2 . .

PNG JPEG, . , , , , .
, , , . , , . - .
II.
316
. 9.2. , 1

Qt 4, Scribe, QTextDocument.
,
. QTextEdit
, QTextDocument,
QTextBrowser . ,
Qt. , QTextModel, ,
QTextDocument QTextBrowser.
QTextDocument QTextEdit
QTextDocument ,
( ).
rich text, ,
QTextDocument Microsoft Rich Text Format,
Open Document Format, OpenOffice.org. Qt.
9.
317
QTextDocument .
, , ,
, , , .
.
QTextFrame (
rootFrame()). childFrames() QTextFrame
. QTextBlock
( ,
).
QTextDocument ,
, QTextDocument
, QTextBlock.
begin() QTextDocument, end(). QTextBlock next()
previous(), , , .
QTextTable. QTextTableCell. , .
QTextDocument -"", . ,
QTextDocument , HTML. QTextDocument ODF,
,
. ,
, . ,
.

. , QTextList (
, "
"). QTextList
,
QTextBlock.
, , Qt QTextDocument ( QString) ,
QTextEdit ,
QTextDocument, QString . QTextEdit QTextDocument, setDocument().
318
II.
QTextDocument
QTextCursor. QTextCursor
, . ,
QTextCursor ,
, .
, QTextEdit , , , , .
Aspell. GNU UNIX-,
Windows. Linux, aspell aspell-devel (
-) , ,
. Aspell , , , ,
. Windows,
.
aspell Windows
, Aspell-0-50-3-3-Setup.exe ftp.gnu.org/gnu/
aspell/w32/ . aspell-15.dll,
, , . Aspell-ru-0.50-23.exe . , Aspell, aspell-dev-0-50-3-3.zip .
(lib)
, Microsoft Visual Studio. , , , .
Qt SDK, MinGW,
a aspell-15.dll.
aspell-15.def,
aspell-dev-0-50-3-3.zip. , ( 9.16).
9.16. aspell-15.def
EXPORTS
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl5scoreEPKcS2_ @1
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl7suggestEPKc @2
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl8set\\
_modeEN7acommon10ParmStringE @3
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImplD0Ev @4
...
9.
319
.
, 9.17.
9.17. aspell-15.def
LIBRARY aspell-15.dll
EXPORTS
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl5scoreEPKcS2_ @1
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl7suggestEPKc @2
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImpl8set\\
_modeEN7acommon10ParmStringE @3
_ZN24aspeller_default_suggest11SuggestImplD0Ev @4
...
Windows, MinGW/bin/, Qt SDK, :

dlltool.exe
d aspell-15.def l libaspell.a
, , aspell-15.def
, ( MinGW/lib/),
libaspell.a. .
Aspell Windows, , ,
Linux, ,
Windows Aspell ,
. , aspell-15.dll ,
, , , Aspell. , C:\Program
Files\Aspell\bin\. ,
aspell-15.dll MinGW, .

, , Qt :
LIBS += -laspell
, ( Qt) .
,
. Qt,
, Qt .
, ,
, , .

,
" ". -
II.
320
, ( ),
. . , , - , .
, C, .
, C C++, Delphi
.
, ,
, C
( C++, Qt).
Aspell C. ,
. Aspell
, Qt. ?
C++,
, " " , . "".
SpellChecker, Aspell ,
( 9.18),
( Aspell).
9.18. SpellChecker
class SpellChecker
{
public:
SpellChecker(QTextEdit *textEdit);
~SpellChecker();
void unSpellCheck();
bool spellCheck();
void checkWord();
QStringList suggestions();
private:
void _checkWord(QTextCursor *cursor);
QTextEdit *m_textEdit;
QRegExp *m_regExp;
QString m_lang1;
QString m_lang2;
StringMap *m_map;
AspellConfig *spell_config1;
9.
321
AspellConfig *spell_config2;
AspellSpeller *spell_checker1;
AspellSpeller *spell_checker2;
};
, ,
QTextEdit, . , ""
QTextEdit.
spellCheck() ,
QTextEdit, SpellChecker. ,
, . checkWord() , QtextEdit, , , . unSpellCheck() ( ) . ,
suggestions() , QTextEdit, Aspell. , SpellChecker, , .
, .

- .
. , Aspell
Windows Linux ( ).
"" SpellChecker. . , Aspell , , , "" SpellChecker.
SpellChecker,
, QTextEdit QTextDocument
( 9.19).
9.19. SpellChecker
bool SpellChecker::spellCheck()
{
if ((spell_checker1 == 0) || (spell_checker2 == 0)) {
QMessageBox::critical(0, QString::fromUtf8(""),
return false;
}
QTextCursor cursor(m_textEdit->document());
while (!cursor.isNull() && !cursor.atEnd()) {
_checkWord(&cursor);
II.
322
QTextCursor oldc = cursor;
if (!cursor.movePosition(QTextCursor::NextWord,
QTextCursor::MoveAnchor))
break;
int oldpos = oldc.position();
int newpos = cursor.position();
if (abs(newpos oldpos) < 3)
cursor.setPosition(newpos + 1);
}
if (!cursor.isNull())
return true;
}
void SpellChecker::_checkWord(QTextCursor *cursor)

{
cursor->select(QTextCursor::WordUnderCursor);
QString selText = cursor->selectedText();
static const QRegExp nonDigits("\\D");
if (!selText.contains(nonDigits))
return;
selText = selText.remove(QString::fromUtf8("""));
selText = selText.remove(QString::fromUtf8("""));
QByteArray ba = selText.toUtf8();
if ((aspell_speller_check(spell_checker1, ba.data(), ba.size()) == 0)
&& (aspell_speller_check(spell_checker2, ba.data(), ba.size()) == 0))
{
QTextCharFormat fmt = cursor->charFormat();
fmt.setUnderlineColor(QColor(Qt::red));
fmt.setUnderlineStyle(QTextCharFormat::SpellCheckUnderline);
cursor->setCharFormat(fmt);
} else {
QTextCharFormat fmt = cursor->charFormat();
fmt.setUnderlineStyle(QTextCharFormat::NoUnderline);
cursor->setCharFormat(fmt);
}
cursor->clearSelection();
}
void SpellChecker::checkWord()
{
if ((spell_checker1 == 0) || (spell_checker2 == 0))
return;
QTextCursor cursor = m_textEdit->textCursor();
}
9.
323
_checkWord() " " SpellChecker. ,

QTextCursor. , QTextDocument, , ,
, . , . select()
cursor QTextCursor::WordUnderCursor.
. ,
QTextCursor .
, ,
. , , selectedText() .
, QTextCursor
"" "", .
, ,
. , remove() QString. , remove() . Aspell , , selText, .
. Aspell , KOI8-R. , Aspell, ( SpellChecker), , -,
UTF-8.
.
, . charFormat()
( , , . .).
QTextCharFormat. setUnderlineColor() ( )
setUnderlineStyle() ( )
. setCharFormat() QTextCursor, . ,
, , . . ( ). ? ,
,
. .
, .
checkWord(), ,
, _checkWord() , .

, , . , .
324
II.
_checkWord()
? spellCheck(). ,
Aspell .
(, , ), false ( true, ,
, , ).
, ,
QTextEdit. movePosition() QTextCursor,
QTextCursor::NextWord (. .
).
. , movePosition()
( ,
, ). ,
_checkWord(), checkWord().
setCharFormat() QTextCursor
Segmentation Fault ( ) - Qt,
textChanged() QTextEdit.
Qt (, :
http://bugreports.qt.nokia.com/browse/QTBUG-5923), (
Qt 4.7.2) . ,
checkWord() SpellChecker ( ). .
cursorPositionChanged() QTextDocument. ,
checkWord(), . QTextDocument document()
QTextEdit, ( ) ,
"",
:
connect(ui->textEdit->document(),
SIGNAL(cursorPositionChanged(QTextCursor)), this,
SLOT(richtextChanged()));
Ch9/spellcheck.
QTextEdit.
( spellcheckAllText()
MainWindow) ( richtextChanged(),
cursorPositionChanged() QTextDocument). ,
richtextChanged() ,
, ,
. , Microsoft Word (. 9.3).
, , , ,
9.
325
Aspell SpellChecker
.
.
(. 9.4).
. 9.3. QTextEdit
. 9.4.
326
II.
QTextEdit, . Qt , , 4.4,
.
QTextEdit, . : ""
( 9.20).
9.20.
ui->textEdit->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::CustomContextMenu);
connect(ui->textEdit, SIGNAL(customContextMenuRequested(
const QPoint&)), this, SLOT(showContextMenu(const QPoint&)));
setContextMenuPolicy() Qt::CustomContextMenu , ,
customContextMenuRequested(), ( QPoint), . , , , , .
- QWidget. showContextMenu()
, 9.21.
9.21.
void MainWindow::showContextMenu(const QPoint &p)
{
QMenu * menu = ui->textEdit->createStandardContextMenu();
QStringList sl = spellChecker->suggestions();
if (sl.count() > 0)
menu->addSeparator();
foreach(QString str, sl) {
QAction * action = menu->addAction(str);
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(replaceWord()));
}
menu->exec(ui->textEdit->mapToGlobal(p));
delete menu;
}
createStandardContextMenu() ,
. QMenu,
QTextEdit.
suggestions() SpellChecker .
9.
327
addAction() QMenu. . , ,
. addAction()
QAction . , triggered()
- .
exec()
QMenu. exec() QPoint,
,
, , ,
customContextMenuRequested(), mapToGlobal() , . , exec() , QMenu,
createStandardContextMenu(), .
createStandardContextMenu(), , , ( , ).
QTextEdit, QPlainTextEdit,
QLineEdit QWebPage.
replaceWord(),
, ,
( 9.22).
9.22.
void MainWindow::replaceWord()
{
QAction * action = (QAction *) sender();
QTextCursor cursor = ui->textEdit->textCursor();
cursor.select(QTextCursor::WordUnderCursor);
cursor.removeSelectedText();
cursor.insertText(action->text());
}
QAction triggered()
, , . sender(). QTextCursor ,
. , (
removeSelectedText()) , (
insertText()). text() action.
II.
328
, Windows (.
. 9.4) Linux
(. 9.5). Windows-
""
"" "",
"" .
Linux "" ,

.

MinGW,
Aspell
Linux Windows
, Linux-.
. 9.5.
Linux
QTextDocument

QTextDocumentWriter, Qt 4.5,
QTextDocument , QImageWriter QImage, . . QTextDocument . , QTextDocumentReader, QImageReader,
Qt . , QTextDocumentWriter " ", : , HTML, ODF. , ,
, , ODF (OpenDocument Format, )
OpenOffice Microsoft Office. ,

9.
329
, "" Qt
PDF ( 9.23).
9.23. "" Qt
QPrinter printer;
printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter::PdfFormat);
printer.setOutputFileName("output.pdf");
ui->textEdit->document()->print(&printer);
QTextDocument

HTML (. . , img),
( 9.24).
9.24. ,
void addImage(QTextCursor cursor, const QString &url)
{
QTextImageFormat imageFormat;
imageFormat.setName(url);
cursor.insertImage(imageFormat);
}
addImage() , , , url.
. ,
(
).

, .
(hot linking). addImage()
.
,
( 9.25).
9.25.
bool addImageFromClipboard(QTextCursor cursor,
const QString &internalName)
{
QClipboard * clipboard = QApplication::clipboard();
II.
330
if (!clipboard->pixmap().isNull()) {
QImage img = clipboard->pixmap().toImage();
cursor.insertImage(img, internalName);
return true;
}
return false;
}
addImageFromClipboard() , ( ). internalName
, ,
. HTML, .
HTML, img, , internalName, . ODF, ( 9.26).
9.26. ODF
addImageFromClipboard(ui->textEdit->textCursor(), "img01");
QTextDocumentWriter writer("ouput.odt", "ODF");
writer.write(ui->textEdit->document());
, , : Qt ODF, . ODF, Okular.

GPL, . , QTextDocument
HTML.
QTextDocument, ,
, , ( 9.27).
9.27. QTextDocument
typedef QMap<QString, QPixmap> PixmapCollection;
class PixmapExtractor : public QObject {
public:
PixmapExtractor(QTextDocument * doc, QObject * parent = 0)
: QObject(parent)
{
textDoc = doc;
}
9.
331
void extract(PixmapCollection * collection)

{
unsigned short sim = 0xFFFC;
QString str = QString::fromUtf16(&sim, 1);
QTextCursor cursor = QTextCursor(textDoc);
cursor.setPosition(0);
while (!cursor.atEnd()) {
cursor = textDoc->find(str, cursor);
if (cursor.isNull()) break;
QTextCharFormat fmt = cursor.charFormat();
if (fmt.isImageFormat()) {
QTextImageFormat ifmt = fmt.toImageFormat();
QVariant var =
textDoc->resource(QTextDocument::ImageResource,
QUrl(ifmt.name()));
QPixmap pixmap = var.value<QPixmap>();
collection->insert(ifmt.name(), pixmap);
}
}
}
private:
QTextDocument * textDoc;
};
extract() PixmapExtractor PixmapCollection

. PixmapCollection
QMap,
, QPixmap. , , QTextDocument, Unicode U+FFFC. extract()
find() QTextDocument.
QTextCursor.
( isNull() false), ,
.
charFormat(). - ,
QTextCharFormat QTextImageFormat (
isImageFormat()
QTextCharFormat). QTextImageFormat (URL ). , , ,
. resource()
QTextDocument. resource() QVariant, QPixmap. , , QPixmap .
, , , , 9.28.
332
II.
9.28.
PixmapExtractor pe(ui->textEdit->document());
PixmapCollection pc;
pe.extract(&pc);
foreach(QString key, pc.keys()) {
pc.value(key).save(key);
}
, HTML-, HTML. , , /images/image1.jpg.

, .
QTextDocument

QTextDocument (undo stack redo stack). Qt 4.7
clearUndoRedoStacks(). QTextCursor
. keepPositionOnInsert()
setKeepPositionOnInsert() ,
. setVerticalMovementX() , , , . QTextBlock textDirection(),
( ).
QTextLayout
Scribe. . ,
c - , QTextLayout.
QTextLayout , . . , . QTextLayout
,
" ". ( ) .
scribe-demo,
9.
333
Ch9/scribe-demo. ,
. Label. Label QLabel,
QWidget,
QLabel . Label
( 9.29).
9.29. Label
class Label : public QWidget
{
public:
Label(QWidget *parent);
private:
QTextLayout * textLayout;
void makeLayout();
protected:
void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event);
};
Label paintEvent() -. ,
makeLayout().
Label , makeLayout() paintEvent()
( 9.30).
9.30. Label
Label::Label(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{
QFont font("Times", 22, -1, true);
QString text =
QObject::trUtf8(" \\
Scribe...");
textLayout = new QTextLayout(text, font);
}
void Label::makeLayout()
{
int indent = 20;
qreal vertPos = 10;
QTextLine line;
textLayout->beginLayout();
line = textLayout->createLine();
while (line.isValid())
{
line.setLineWidth(width() 2 * indent);
II.
334
line.setPosition(QPointF(indent, vertPos));
vertPos += line.height();
indent += 20;
line = textLayout->createLine();
}
textLayout->endLayout();
}
void Label::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
{
QPainter painter;
QPen pen;
makeLayout();
painter.begin(this);
painter.eraseRect(QRect(0, 0, width(), height()));
textLayout->draw(&painter, QPoint(0,0));
painter.end();
}
Label QTextLayout.
textLayout QFont, . makeLayout().
beginLayout().
QTextLine createLine() textLayout.
QTextLine isValid(), true,
, ( ,
, ).
setLineWidth(),
setPosition(). ,
, .
height() QTextLine. , endLayout().
makeLayout() , ,
.
draw() textLayout. draw()
QPainter, QPoint, ,
( , makeLayout(), ).
, , , ( ),
(. 9.6).
9.
335
. 9.6.
QTextLayout. ,
beginLayout(),
( QTextLine) . ,
QTextLayout ( Label),
makeLayout().

. , Qt 4.4 QTextLayout clearLayout(),
.
QStaticText
, "" , . . ,
, Qt 4.7. , ,
. QTextLayout,
QStaticText .
QTextLayout , , .
QStaticText , . QStaticText (
) QPainter
( drawStaticText()) , , , QPixmap. , .
336
II.
, QStaticText , QPainter, OpenGL "" ,

QPainter. QStaticText OpenGL ( textover3d). textover3d OpenGL,
QGLWidget ( 9.31).
9.31. textover3d
class GLSTWidget : public QGLWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit GLSTWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~GLSTWidget();
protected:
void paintGL();
private:
int texid;
QStaticText * staticText;
};

OpenGL , . GLSTWidget - QGLWidget,
, -. GLSTWidget ( 9.32).
9.32. GLSTWidget
GLSTWidget::GLSTWidget(QWidget *parent) : QGLWidget(parent)
{
this->setAutoBufferSwap(false);
QFile f(":/text.txt");
QByteArray ba = f.readAll();
f.close();
ba.append('\0');
QString s = QString::fromUtf8(ba.data());
staticText = new QStaticText(s);
staticText->setTextOption(QTextOption(Qt::AlignHCenter));
setAutoFillBackground(false);
makeCurrent();
}
9.
337
QStaticText
, QString. ,
- text.txt, HTML, staticText. QLabel,
QStaticText "" ,
HTML,
. , QStaticText
HTML. ,
, QStaticText HTML
. setTextFormat(). Qt::PlainText,
QStaticText ,
. setTextOption() , , .
QStaticText ( ),

HTML.

QTextEdit QTextBrowser, QStaticText . QStaticText HTML
img, , . .
, textover3d ( OpenGL, QPainter),

Qt "over-painting" ( ).
OpenGL ,
QPainter. , . setAutoFillBackground(false) -
QGLWidget. QPainter , , , , , OpenGL, .
initializeGL() paintGL() GLSTWidget ( 9.33).
9.33. initializeGL() paintGL() GLSTWidget
void GLSTWidget::initializeGL()
{
glClearDepth(1.0f);
glHint(GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);
II.
338
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
QPixmap pm;
pm.load(":/bw.png");
texid = bindTexture(pm);
paintGL();
}
void GLSTWidget::paintGL()
{
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(-0.0f,0.0f,-0.5f);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texid);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.8f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.8f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f);
glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f);
glEnd();
QPainter painter(this);
painter.drawStaticText((width() staticText->size().width())/2,
10, *staticText);
painter.end();
swapBuffers();
}
initializeGL() QPixmap
( PNG). bindTexture()
QPixmap ,
. paintGL()
,
painter ( QPainter) staticText. drawStaticText()
,
painter, ,
staticText. staticText
,
, . , ,
, size()
QStaticText. , QStaticText, (
QTextLayout).
9.
339
,
(. 9.7).
, , ( ""
) .
. 9.7. OpenGL
10
Graphics View Framework

Graphics View Framework, Qt, 4.2,
, QCanvas. Graphics View
Framework ,
"" , . Graphics View
Framework Qt ,
, Graphics View Framework,
, . Graphics View
Framework .
Graphics View Framework ( , Graphics
View Framework ). Graphics View Framework
, .

Qt 4.x , , ""
, , ,
-, , -, "" .
, Delphi Qt 3.x.
. - . Graphics View Framework , ,
, .
, .
""
. . (). . Graphics View
Framework , , .
, Graphics View Framework ,
(collision detection) .
341
, Graphics View Framework ,

, , . Graphics
View Framework Qt Library (. 10.1).
uses
QGraphicsScene
+Items
QGraphicsView
QGraphicsItem
*
+parent
QAbstractGraphicsShapeItem
QGraphicsItemGroup
QGraphicsLineItem
QGraphicsObject
QGraphicsPixmapItem
. 10.1. Graphics View Framework
QGraphicsScene. ( ,
, , ).
- QGraphicsItem. ,
QGraphicsScene - QGraphicsItem. ,
QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsView. Graphics
View Framework, QGraphicsView
(, , ). , QGraphicsScene.
QGraphicsView. , ,
. QGraphicsView , "", , .
QTableDataModel QTableWidget QTableView ,
QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsView. , Graphics View Framework
, Interview Framework.
, QGraphicsView
QGraphicsScene ( , )
342
II.
. ,
. Qt
Graphics View Framework event propagation.
QGraphicsScene QGraphicsItem. (
).
QGraphicsItem . , ,
, , .

.
QGraphicsItem QObject. ,
QObject, Qt ( QGraphicsItem sceneEvent()). ,
QObject,
QGraphicsObject. , Qt 4.6,
QGraphicsItem, QObject. ,
QGraphicsItem,
, .
- QGraphicsItem,
- QGraphicsWidget. , Qt 4.4,
,
QGraphicsScene ( , Graphics View Framework , QWidget,
QGraphicsWidget ). , QGraphicsWidget QWidget ( QObject). , QGraphicsWidget QWidget, ,
QWidget (, QDataWidgetMapper).

Graphics View Framework,
. , Graphics View
Framework: QGraphicsScene QGraphicsView , QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsView . .
QGraphicsView QFrame
.
343
( , , ).
setScene() QGraphicsView
QGraphicsScene QGraphicsView:
QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsScene * scene = new QGraphicsScene;

graphicsView->setScene(scene);
QGraphicsScene , add* QGraphicsScene. , , :

scene->addEllipse(QRectF(-100.0, -100.0, 100.0, 100.0));
scene QGraphicsScene. , (, , ) , ,
. , Graphics View Framework
, ,
. , Graphics View Framework , , , ,
.
, ,
, . QGraphicsView
QGraphicsView. ?
:
. , QGraphicsScene, ,
QGraphicsView. , . ,
.
, , .
, , , ,
. , (, , ),
.
Graphics View
Framework . , , QGraphicsView .
,
II.
344
. , Graphics View
Framework
(, ).
QGraphicsView
show(). . Graphics View
Framework Qt,
. ,
. , ,
, Graphics View Framework .

Graphics View Framework
, "" (. 10.2). : ,
, . ( ),
.
Ch10/sokoban http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
. 10.2. ""

, ,
, , .
345
, , , ,
, . ,
. . ,
( ) .
( ) .

"" "" "" , , . ,
, , ,
.
.
, 128 , , . ,
. -
, , , .
, ,
, , . , .
, .
,
, , , .
.
, . ,
, . , . ,
. ,
, ,
.
, .
( ,
). ,
,
, .
, , ,
. .
, , , -
346
II.
, "", .
, . , , , . .,
,
, . HTML, ,
, , HTML , HTML .

, , , , "" . Qt , .
, ,
. "" : , . , , . , , , , ( ).
, (
, , ). Graphics View
Framework , , .
XML.
XML, , Qt () XML. ,
XML , . . XML . , , ( 10.1).
10.1.
<wall>
<wall:x>0</wall:x>
<wall:y>10</wall:y>
<wall:with>100</wall:with>
<wall:height>20</wall:height>
</wall>
347
.
XML,
. - .
( ). 10.2.
10.2.
<walls>{(x, y), (w, h)}, {(x, y), (w, h)},... </walls>
<boxes>(x, y), (x, y) ,... </boxes>
<player>(x, y) </player>
x y , w h
.
. XML
, ,
. , , .
, ,
( ,
-, , , ).
, .
, ,
, .
, XML, QRegExp. , , . QRegExp
, ,
. ,
, , QRegExp
,
. QRegExp .

, QRegExp, .
, . , , Qt.
CoordinateParser ( 10.3).
" (x, y), (x, y), ... "
QPointF.
, ,
CoordinateParser,
"(x, y) (x, y) ...".
348
II.
10.3. CoordinateParser
typedef QList<QPointF> PointList;
class CoordinateParser : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit CoordinateParser(const QString &text, QObject *parent = 0);
PointList const * points();
protected:
virtual void parse(const QString &text);
QString m_text;
QString number;
QString coordinate;
PointList pointList;
};
parse(), , . points() , . .
, . CoordinateParser ( 10.4).
10.4. CoordinateParser
CoordinateParser::CoordinateParser(const QString &text, QObject *parent):
QObject(parent), m_text(text)
{
number = "\\d+(\\.\\d+)?";
coordinate = QString("\$\\s*%1\\s*,\\s*%1\\s*\$").arg(number);
}
PointList const * CoordinateParser::points() {
if (!pointList.count())
parse(m_text);
return &pointList;
}
void CoordinateParser::parse(const QString &text) {
QRegExp pairsExp(coordinate);
QRegExp numbersExp(number);
int pos = 0;
while ((pos = pairsExp.indexIn(text, pos)) != -1) {
QPointF p;
int pos1 = numbersExp.indexIn(pairsExp.cap(0), 0);
p.setX(numbersExp.cap(0).toFloat());
349
pos1 += numbersExp.matchedLength();
numbersExp.indexIn(pairsExp.cap(0), pos1);
p.setY(numbersExp.cap(0).toFloat());
pointList.append(p);
pos += pairsExp.matchedLength();
}
}
:
. , , CoordinateParser, :
"\$\\s*\\d+(\\.\\d+)?\\s*,\\s*\\d+(\\.\\d+)?\\s*\$"
- .
. ,
CoordinateParser. number , . , , "123", "1.018", "2.00" ( "5." ".123", C++
).

, C++, , , . , ++ ,
. , .
.
coordinate , , . ,
, number arg() QString.
. , , , ,
. . pairsExp
"(x, y)". indexIn(), , . ,
, .
, , "(x, y)" boxes
, , , . "". cap(0). "(x, y)"
x y. numbersExp.
numbersExp pairsExp,
II.
350
,
number.
, points() ,
parse() . , ,
CoordinateParser , QRegExp . , ( )
QRegExp .
, , , , , .
, , CoordinateParser ( 10.5).
10.5. RectangleParser
class RectangleParser : public CoordinateParser
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit RectangleParser(const QString &text, QObject *parent = 0);
protected:
void parse(const QString &text);
void parse2(const QString &text);
QString pair;
};
"{(x,y),(w,h)},
QPointF.
CoordinateParser,
. ,
. . ,
? ,
"{(x,y),(w,h)}", .
. CoordinateParser, "{(x,y),(w,h)}"
, (x,y) (w,h) . RectangleParser ( 10.6).
{(x,y),(w,h)}...",
10.6. RectangleParser
RectangleParser::RectangleParser(const QString &text, QObject *parent) :
CoordinateParser(text, parent)
{
pair = QString("\\{\\s*%1\\s*,?\\s*%1\\s*\\}").arg(coordinate);
}
351
void RectangleParser::parse(const QString &text)

{
QRegExp quadsExp(pair);
int pos = 0;
while ((pos = quadsExp.indexIn(text, pos)) != -1) {
parse2(quadsExp.cap(0));
pos += quadsExp.matchedLength();
}
}
void RectangleParser::parse2(const QString &text)
{
QRegExp numbersExp(coordinate);
int pos = 0;
while((pos = numbersExp.indexIn(text, pos)) != -1) {
CoordinateParser::parse(numbersExp.cap(0));
pos += numbersExp.matchedLength();
}
}
RectangleParser pair,

"{(x, y), (w, h)}".
pair coordinate, . RectangleParser
. parse() "{(x, y), (w, h)}",
parse2() "(a, b)",
parse() - (CoordinateParser)
, .
-
, , . number
"\\d{1,4}(\\.\\d{1,4})?".
. number
, .
, , , ,
,
( 10.7).
10.7. SceneReader
class SceneReader : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
352
II.
public:
explicit SceneReader(QObject *parent = 0);
void read(const QString &fileName);
signals:
void addWallBlock(QPointF p1, QPointF p2);
void addBox(QPointF p);
void addPlayer(QPointF p);
};
SceneReader,
, . read(),
.
read() addBox(), addPlayer() addWall(),
, , .
. ,
SceneReader " " , .

. , . SceneReader , ,
read() ( 10.8).
10.8. read()
void SceneReader::read(const QString &fileName)
{
QFile f(fileName);
f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text);
QXmlStreamReader reader(&f);
while (!reader.atEnd()) {
if (reader.isStartElement()) {
QString element = reader.name().toString();
if (element == "walls") {
QString coordinates = reader.readElementText(
QXmlStreamReader::IncludeChildElements);
RectangleParser parser(coordinates);
for (int i = 0; i < parser.points()->count(); i+=2) {
emit (addWallBlock(parser.points()->at(i),
parser.points()->at(i+1)));
}
} else
if (element == "boxes") {
CoordinateParser parser(coordinates);
353
foreach(QPointF p, *parser.points()) {
emit (addBox(p));
}
} else
if (element == "player") {
CoordinateParser parser(coordinates);
foreach(QPointF p, *parser.points()) {
emit (addPlayer(p));
}
}
}
reader.readNext();
}
}
CoordinateParser RectangleParser,
QFile QXmlStreamReader. QXmlStreamReader
XML-, Qt 4.7.
, XML readNext() QXmlStreamReader. , . XML .
, QXmlStreamReader "" . ,
XML QDomDocument
, XML-, . QDomDocument , XML XML
, . QXmlStreamReader.
XML ( ),
isStartElement() QXmlStreamReader true.
readElementText() ,
. read() ,
QPointF .

QGraphicsScene ( 10.9).
10.9. MvScene
class MvScene : public QGraphicsScene
{
Q_OBJECT
354
II.
public:
MvScene(QObject *parent = 0);
protected:
virtual void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * mouseEvent);
virtual void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent * keyEvent);
private slots:
void addWall(QPointF p1, QPointF p2);
void addBox(QPointF p);
void addPlayer(QPointF p);
private:
QGraphicsPixmapItem * worker;
QGraphicsItem * itemCollidesWith(QGraphicsItem * item);
void placeBox(float x, float y);
};
{
DrawersList * dl = (DrawersList * ) drawersList;
foreach (PictureDrawer * pd, *dl) {
if ((e->rect().intersects(pd->drawingRect()))) {
pd->update();
} else {
pd->discard();
}
}
}

. MvScene -
mousePressEvent() keyPressEvent(). , -,
, SceneReader ( MvScene).
placeBox() ,
itemCollidesWith()
.
MvScene ( 10.10)
.
10.10. MvScene
MvScene::MvScene(QObject *parent) : QGraphicsScene(parent)
{
SceneReader sceneReader;
connect(&sceneReader, SIGNAL(addWallBlock(QPointF, QPointF)),
this, SLOT(addWall(QPointF, QPointF)));
355
connect(&sceneReader, SIGNAL(addBox(QPointF)), this,

SLOT(addBox(QPointF)));
connect(&sceneReader, SIGNAL(addPlayer(QPointF)), this,
SLOT(addPlayer(QPointF)));
QFileDialog dialog(0, QString::fromUtf8(" "),
QString(), QString::fromUtf8(" XML (*.xml)"));
if (dialog.exec())
sceneReader.read(dialog.selectedFiles().at(0));
setBackgroundBrush(QBrush(QColor(255,255,255),
QPixmap(":/bg.jpg")));
}
sceneReader -,
, , ,
, . ( 10.11) MvScene .
10.11. MvScene
void MvScene::placeBox(float x, float y)
{
QGraphicsItem * box = addPixmap(QPixmap(":/box.gif"));
box->translate(x, y);
if (itemCollidesWith(box))
removeItem(box);
else
box->setData(0, "Box");
}
void MvScene::addBox(QPointF p)
{
placeBox(p.x(), p.y());
}
void MvScene::addWall(QPointF p1, QPointF p2)
{
QBrush brush(QColor(255, 255, 255), QPixmap(":/wall.jpg"));
QPen pen(Qt::NoPen);
QGraphicsItem * item =
addRect(QRectF(p1.x(), p1.y(), p2.x(), p2.y()), pen, brush);
item->setData(0, "Wall");
}
void MvScene::addPlayer(QPointF p)
{
worker = addPixmap(QPixmap(":/Worker.gif"));
II.
356
worker->translate(p.x(), p.y());
worker->setData(0, "Worker");
}
addRect(). Qt 4.4, .
addRect() QRectF, , .
( QPen) ( QBrush),
. , ,
.
, , addRect() ,
wall.jpg. addRect()
QGraphicsRectItem, QGraphicsItem.
,
, , . . ,
. addPixmap(). QGraphicsPixmapItem (
QGraphicsItem),
QPixmap. , QGraphicsItem
. ,
QGraphicsPixmapItem ,
. . Graphics View Framework
QGraphicsPixmapItem , ( , ),
QGraphicsScene translate() rotate().
setData() QGraphicsItem.
, , Graphics
View Framework , . , ,
Graphics View Framework .
- QGrapihcsItem ,
. setData().
(), , QVariant.

0 . , (Wall)
(Box). , (
worker) .
keyPressEvent(),
( 10.12).
357
10.12. keyPressEvent()
void MvScene::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent * keyEvent)
{
QPointF np;
np.setX(0);
np.setY(0);
switch (keyEvent->key()) {
case Qt::Key_Left:
np.setX(-10);
break;
case Qt::Key_Right:
np.setX(10);
break;
case Qt::Key_Up:
np.setY(-10);
break;
case Qt::Key_Down:
np.setY(10);
break;
}
worker->translate(np.x(), np.y());
QGraphicsItem * obstacle = itemCollidesWith(worker);
if (obstacle) {
if (obstacle->data(0) == "Wall") {
worker->translate(-np.x(), -np.y());
printf(", !\n");
}
else
if (obstacle->data(0) == "Box") {
obstacle->translate(np.x(), np.y());
if (itemCollidesWith(obstacle) || itemCollidesWith(worker)) {
obstacle->translate(-np.x(), -np.y());
worker->translate(-np.x(), -np.y());
printf(" !\n");
}
}
}
}
: , ( ), . translate()
QGraphicsItem. , rotate() scale(),
358
II.
Graphics View Framework.

, ,
, Qt 4. , , . , . , ,
, .
, 60
60 , ,
.
Qt 4.3, QGraphicsItem , ( , ). , , . mapToScene()
QGraphicsItem , mapToItem()
.
. itemCollidesWith() ,
. , . ,
, . , - . "" , ,
. ,
,
.
, , , , . ,
.

itemCollidesWith() ( 10.13).
10.13. ,
QGraphicsItem * MvScene::itemCollidesWith(QGraphicsItem * item)
{
QList<QGraphicsItem *> collisions = collidingItems(item);
foreach (QGraphicsItem * it, collisions) {
if (it == item)
continue;
359
return it;
}
return NULL;
}
, , NULL, .
collidingItems() QGraphicsScene. , ,
( ). , collidingItems(), . , , , .
. ,

.
. - ""
,
, . itemAt() QGraphicsScene ,
- (
itemAt() ).
itemAt() . scenePos() mouseEvent (
- mousePressEvent()). itemAt()
.
( QGraphicsItem). Event propagation
,
, .
Graphics View Framework z.
, ,
. ,
, , collidingItems() (
z).
z, isObscured()
true. z
setZValue() QGraphicsItem.
II.
360

Qt 4.4, Graphics View Framework
. . Qt 4.4 QGraphicsScene addWidget(),
. , , . Graphics View Framework , .
, - . , , ,
, . Graphics View
Framework.
, , . Graphics
View Framework .
QGraphicsWidget Qt Declarative
QML, Qt 4.6 QGraphicsWebView.
, , , , , ,
crasyiface (. 10.3).
. 10.3. , Qt
361
- ( 10.14).
10.14.
QPushButton * button = new QPushButton(trUtf8(""), 0);
QGraphicsProxyWidget * item = addWidget(button);
button->show();
button = new QPushButton(trUtf8(""), 0);
item = addWidget(button);
button->show();
QTransform transform = item->transform();
transform.translate(50., 30.);
transform.rotate(60.0);
item->setTransform(transform);
button = new QPushButton(trUtf8(" "), 0);
item = addWidget(button);
button->show();
transform = item->transform();
transform.rotate(80.0, Qt::YAxis);
transform.translate(-10., 90.);
transform.scale(5., 2.);
QProgressDialog * dialog = new QProgressDialog(trUtf8(""),
trUtf8(""), 0, 100);
dialog->setWindowTitle(trUtf8("Progress Dialog"));
item = addWidget(dialog);
dialog->show();
dialog->setValue(66);
transform = item->transform();
transform.translate(200., 75.);
transform.rotate(-45.0, Qt::YAxis);
transform.scale(2.5, 2.);
,
, addWidget().
addWidget() QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsProxyWidget.
QGraphicsItem . , Qt 4.3. (, , ). , ( QTransform) transform()
QGraphicsProxyWidget. QTransform translate(), rotate()
scale(), ,
QGraphicsItem. rotate() , , -
362
II.
, . z ( x-y), x y. .
, "", . . z . ,
setTransform().
, , crasyiface,
. , ,
.

, Qt . Graphics View Framework :
, (,
, ), ,
. . , Graphics View Framework
, , .
,
. : ,

-, , .
. , , Web. . , .
,
, , . , , ,
.
363
, , -, ( ,
, ), , -, , , , , , .
, , Internet Explorer 6,
2001 (. 10.4), Internet Explorer 9, 2011
(. 10.5).
. 10.4. Internet Explorer 6
, . "" 2001 ,
.
, , ,
.
(. 10.6).
QWidget QDialog, , . , , . ,
, ,
II.
364
. 10.5. Internet Explorer 9
. 10.6.
, ( QMouseMove).
, , , , .
, ""
( - ,
). (, ,
) ( ) , . ,
. .
, . , , , , ,
( 10.15).
Ch10/extwidgets.
10.15.
class Dialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);
~Dialog();
365
signals:
void zoomIn();
void zoomOut();
protected:
void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *);
private:
Ui::Dialog *ui;
};
void Dialog::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *)
{
if (underMouse()) {
if (windowOpacity() < 0.7)
setWindowOpacity(windowOpacity() + 0.1);
QList<QToolButton *> l = findChildren<QToolButton *>();
foreach(QToolButton * b, l) {
b->setIconSize(QSize(32,32));
}
} else {
if (windowOpacity() > 0.4)
setWindowOpacity(windowOpacity() 0.1);
QList<QToolButton *> l = findChildren<QToolButton *>();
foreach(QToolButton * b, l) {
b->setIconSize(QSize(24,24));
}
}
}
Dialog timerEvent(),
. , , underMouse(), QWidget. , windowOpacity() setWindowOpacity(). ,
( ). , ,
, . , .
, , , ,
, .
, , ,
( ).
, ,
, , .
, , , .
366
II.
, , . , , , ,
,
, ,
, , .
.
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget ( 10.16)
QGraphicsProxyWidget -
.
10.16. QXtGraphicsProxyWidget
class QXtGraphicsView;
class QXtGraphicsProxyWidget : public QGraphicsProxyWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget(QGraphicsItem * parent = 0,
Qt::WindowFlags wFlags = 0);
void setView(QXtGraphicsView * view);
public slots:
void viewScrolled();
protected:
QVariant itemChange(GraphicsItemChange change,
const QVariant & value);
private:
QXtGraphicsView * mview;
};
, QGraphicsProxyWidget, , , .
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget itemChange() ( 10.17).
10.17. QXtGraphicsProxyWidget
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget::QXtGraphicsProxyWidget(QGraphicsItem * parent,
Qt::WindowFlags wFlags) : QGraphicsProxyWidget(parent, wFlags)
{
setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemSendsGeometryChanges, true);
}
QVariant QXtGraphicsProxyWidget::itemChange(GraphicsItemChange change,
const QVariant & value)
367
{
QVariant v;
switch (change) {
case QGraphicsItem::ItemScaleChange:
v = QVariant(1.0);
return v;
case QGraphicsItem::ItemRotationChange:
v = QVariant(0.0);
return v;
case QGraphicsItem::ItemTransformChange:
v = QVariant(matrix());
return v;
default:
return value;
}
}
" " , . ,
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget QGraphicsItem::
ItemSendsGeometryChanges true.

itemChange() , . .
itemChange() . ,
GraphicsItemChange, , . , QVariant, . itemChange()
QVariant, (, ) .
, ,
itemChange() value (
?). itemChange() ( ) .
itemChange() change,
QGraphicsItem::ItemScaleChange, , . value , , itemChange(),
"" . , ,
, -.
change QGraphicsItem::ItemRotationChange, , , value . 0, . , change QGraphicsItem::ItemTransformChange, ,
.
368
II.
, . value , , itemChange()
, matrix(). , , , , , .
itemChange()
.
,
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget, . : , . , ,
QGraphicsItem ( ) " "
, , , " "
QGraphicsScene. ,
QGraphicsView , , . :
(
). , ,
, , , , . QGraphicsView , , - ( 10.18).
10.18. QXtGraphicsView
class QXtGraphicsView : public QGraphicsView
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
QXtGraphicsView(QWidget * parent = 0):QGraphicsView(parent)
{}
signals:
void scrolled();
protected:
void scrollContentsBy (int dx, int dy)
{
QGraphicsView::scrollContentsBy(dx, dy);
emit scrolled();
}
};
. scrolled()
scrollContentsBy() ( QGraphicsView
369
QAbstractScrollArea), , scrolled(). scrollContentsBy() , -
.
, QXtGraphicsProxyWidget ( )
, , .
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget ( 10.19).
10.19. QXtGraphicsProxyWidget ()
void QXtGraphicsProxyWidget::setView(QXtGraphicsView * view)
{
setPos(0,0);
mview = view;
connect(mview, SIGNAL(scrolled()), this, SLOT(viewScrolled()));
}
void QXtGraphicsProxyWidget::viewScrolled()
{
QPointF p = mview->mapToScene(0,0);
setPos(p.x(), p.y());
}
setView() QXtGraphicsProxyWidget , . , ,
Graphics View Framework,
, . , , , ,
, . setView()
- viewScrolled()
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget. mapToScene() , . setPos() QXtGraphicsProxyWidget
. , , , . ,
setPos()
. ,
, , .
, , ,
setView(), , , QGraphicsView, QXtGraphicsView?

, QGraphicsView
QXtGraphicsView .
Qt.
370
II.
. .
.
Graphics View Framework?
Qt , . (. 10.7),
(. 10.8).
, "".
. 10.7.
. 10.8.

: QGraphicsScene
QXtGraphicsView QGraphicsView ( setScene()). ,
, ,
371
, , .
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget
setWidget() , . ,
-
, "" , .
parent 0. QXtGraphicsProxyWidget addItem() QGraphicsScene,
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget
QXtGraphicsProxyWidget setView() .

.
,
.
, , Qt . , Graphics View Framework . ,
Graphics View Framework, ( Qt, ). ,
, ( ) ,
, .
Qt,
QLabel, .
, , , , .

,
().
. . Qt CompositionMode QPainter.
Graphics View Framework . , ,

,
. , , Graphics View
Framework .
372
II.
Graphics View Framework . ,

Graphics View Framework , .
.
. , .
, , 1:1, . , .
GraphicsInput ( 10.20), ,
QGraphicsScene.
10.20. GraphicsInput
class GraphicsInput : public QGraphicsScene
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit GraphicsInput(const QRectF &sceneRect,
QGraphicsView *view = 0);
~GraphicsInput();
bool loadImage(const QPixmap &image, bool clearBlocks = true);
bool loadNewImage(const QPixmap &image);
void setView(QGraphicsView *view);
QPixmap getActiveBlock();
QPixmap getCurrentBlock();
void setViewScale(qreal scale, qreal angle);
qreal viewScale();
void rotateImage(qreal angle, qreal x, qreal y);
int blocksCount();
void deleteBlock(int index);
void deleteCurrentBlock();
QPixmap getBlockByIndex(int index);
QRectF getBlockRectByIndex(int index);
void clearBlocks();
qreal getRealScale();
qreal getRealAngle();
QPixmap getImage();
void setMagnifierCursor(QCursor *cursor);
protected:
virtual void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event);
virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *mouseEvent);
virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *mouseEvent);
virtual void wheelEvent(QGraphicsSceneWheelEvent *wheelEvent);
373
virtual void keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *keyEvent);

virtual void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *keyEvent);
signals:
void leftMouseClicked(int x, int y, bool blockSelected);
void rightMouseClicked(int x, int y, bool inTheBlock);
void keyPressed(int key);
void blockSelected();
void blocksCleared();
public slots:
private:
void leftMouseRelease(qreal x, qreal y);
void rightMouseRelease(qreal x, qreal y);
int nearActiveBorder(qreal x, qreal y);
void clearTransform();
QPixmap extractPixmap(QGraphicsRectItem *item);
void deleteBlockRect(QGraphicsRectItem *item);
...
QGraphicsRectItem *m_CurrentBlockRect;
QGraphicsRectItem *m_LastSelected;
SelectStates selecting;
QRectF blockRect;
QRectF selBlockRect;
bool hasImage;
qreal m_scale;
qreal real_scale;
qreal m_rotate;
qreal real_rotate;
Qt::MouseButton buttonPressed;
QCursor *magnifierCursor;
int near_res;
};
. Graphics View Framework, .

, ,
Ch10/ginput.
, ( , , ). (. 10.9).
,
.
, -
. selecting.
NoSelect ( ), StartSelect
II.
374
. 10.9.
( ), Selecting ( ).
, ,
, .
, , "", , , . mousePressEvent(), mouseMoveEvent(),
mouseReleaseEvent(), wheelEvent(), keyReleaseEvent() keyPressEvent().
mousePressEvent() ( 10.21).
, , QGraphicsView,
GraphicsInput. , Selecting. .
, StartSelect
, ,
Selecting.
375
10.21. mousePressEvent() GraphicsInput

void GraphicsInput::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
{
if (!hasImage)
return;
if (event->buttons() == Qt::LeftButton) {
buttonPressed = Qt::LeftButton;
if (selecting == NoSelect) {
if ((near_res = nearActiveBorder(event->scenePos().x(),
event->scenePos().y())) != 0) {
m_CurrentBlockRect = m_LastSelected;
selecting = Selecting;
blockRect = m_CurrentBlockRect->rect();
} else {
selecting = StartSelect;
blockRect.setLeft(event->lastScenePos().x());
blockRect.setTop(event->lastScenePos().y());
blockRect.setWidth(10);
blockRect.setHeight(10);
}
}
} else
buttonPressed = Qt::RightButton;
}
, (
, ).
hasImage. , .
, ,
( ). nearActiveBorder(), 0, , 1
, 2
, 3 ,
4 .
nearActiveBorder() ,
event. event, , , .
blockRect ,
. StartSelect,

10 .
, . , ,
12 . , , , .
376
II.

, ,
, . , . , , , . ,
. , ,
. mouseReleaseEvent() ( 10.22).
10.22. mouseReleaseEvent()
void GraphicsInput::mouseReleaseEvent(
QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *mouseEvent)
{
if (buttonPressed == Qt::LeftButton) {
if (selecting == Selecting) {
selecting = NoSelect;
if ((blockRect.width() < 12) || (blockRect.height() < 12)) {
if (m_CurrentBlockRect == m_LastSelected)
m_LastSelected = 0;
deleteBlockRect(m_CurrentBlockRect);
// !
leftMouseRelease(mouseEvent->scenePos().x(),
mouseEvent->scenePos().y());
} else
emit blockSelected();
m_CurrentBlockRect = 0;
}
if (selecting == StartSelect) {
selecting = NoSelect;
leftMouseRelease(mouseEvent->scenePos().x(),
}
}
if (buttonPressed == Qt::RightButton) {
this->rightMouseRelease(mouseEvent->scenePos().x(),
}
buttonPressed = Qt::NoButton;
}
, .
Selecting, . ,
377
, ,
, . , GraphicsInput blockSelected().

, ,
. .
StartSelect, ,
.
mouseMoveEvent(), , ( 10.23).
10.23. mouseMoveEvent()
void GraphicsInput::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *mouseEvent)
{
if (selecting == StartSelect) {
selecting = Selecting;
m_CurrentBlockRect = newBlock(blockRect);
}
if ((mouseEvent->modifiers() & Qt::ControlModifier) == 0)
if (mouseEvent->buttons() == Qt::NoButton) {
near_res = nearActiveBorder(mouseEvent->scenePos().x(),
switch (near_res) {
case 0:
m_view->setCursor(Qt::ArrowCursor);
break;
case 1:
m_view->setCursor(Qt::SplitHCursor);
break;
case 2:
m_view->setCursor(Qt::SplitVCursor);
break;
case 3:
m_view->setCursor(Qt::SplitHCursor);
break;
case 4:
m_view->setCursor(Qt::SplitVCursor);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
QRectF newRect;
if (near_res && (mouseEvent->buttons()&Qt::LeftButton)) {
QRectF newRect =
m_LastSelected->mapRectToScene(m_LastSelected->rect());
378
II.
switch (near_res) {
case 1:
newRect.setLeft(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().x());
break;
case 2:
newRect.setTop(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().y());
break;
case 3:
newRect.setRight(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().x());
break;
case 4:
newRect.setBottom(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().y());
break;
default:
break;
}
m_CurrentBlockRect = m_LastSelected;
m_CurrentBlockRect->setRect(
m_LastSelected->mapRectFromScene(newRect));
for (int i = 0;
i < m_CurrentBlockRect->collidingItems().size(); ++i)
if (m_CurrentBlockRect->collidingItems().at(i)->data(1) ==
"block") {
m_CurrentBlockRect->setRect(
m_LastSelected->mapRectFromScene(selBlockRect));
return;
}
selBlockRect = newRect;
return;
}
if (selecting == Selecting) {
newRect = blockRect;
if (newRect.left() < mouseEvent->lastScenePos().x())
newRect.setRight(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().x());
else
newRect.setLeft(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().x());
if (newRect.top() < mouseEvent->lastScenePos().y())
newRect.setBottom(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().y());
else
newRect.setTop(mouseEvent->lastScenePos().y());
m_CurrentBlockRect->setRect(newRect);
for (int i = 0;
i < m_CurrentBlockRect->collidingItems().size(); ++i)
if (m_CurrentBlockRect->collidingItems().at(i)->data(1) ==
"block") {
m_CurrentBlockRect->setRect(blockRect);
return;
}
379
blockRect = newRect;
emit blockSelected();
return;
}
}
( ,
), ,
. , ,
. , ,
. .
Graphics View Framework.
leftMouseRelease() rightMouseRelease(), , ( 10.24).
10.24. leftMouseRelease() rightMouseRelease()
void GraphicsInput::leftMouseRelease(qreal x, qreal y)
{
QGraphicsItem *it = this->itemAt(x, y);
if (it) {
if (it->data(1).toString() == "block") {
QGraphicsRectItem *r = (QGraphicsRectItem *) it;
QPen p(Qt::SolidLine);
QBrush b(Qt::SolidPattern);
b.setColor(QColor(0, 0, 127, 127));
p.setColor(QColor(0, 0, 255));
p.setWidth(2);
if (r->data(2).toString() == "no") {
if (m_LastSelected) {
m_LastSelected->setPen(p);
m_LastSelected->setBrush(b);
m_LastSelected->setData(2, "no");
}
b.setColor(QColor(127, 0, 0, 127));
p.setColor(QColor(255, 0, 0));
r->setData(2, "yes");
m_LastSelected = r;
selBlockRect = m_LastSelected->rect();
} else {
m_LastSelected = 0;
r->setData(2, "no");
}
II.
380
r->setPen(p);
r->setBrush(b);
}
} else
emit leftMouseClicked(m_view->mapFromScene(x, y).x(),
m_view->mapFromScene(x, y).y(), m_CurrentBlockRect != 0);
}
void GraphicsInput::rightMouseRelease(qreal x, qreal y)
{
QGraphicsItem *it = this->itemAt(x, y);
if (it) {
m_CurrentBlockRect = (QGraphicsRectItem *) it;
}
} else
emit rightMouseClicked(m_view->mapFromScene(x, y).x(),
m_view->mapFromScene(x, y).y(), m_CurrentBlockRect != 0);
}
leftMouseRelease(), ,
. , , , .
leftMouseClicked(). , .
,
. ,
, , mapToScene() QGraphicsView. , ,
.
, , , , . . mapFromScene()
QGraphicsView, ,
, mapToScene().
rightMouseRelease() rightMouseClicked().
bool. ,
( true) . . , -
381
, ,
.
,
( , 1:1). . ,
, , 1:1. . , ( <Ctrl>+<+>
<Ctrl>+<>). , . , Graphics View Framework .
Graphics View Framework ,
, , . :
(BSP) ,
( , , ,
) .
( ), .
( ,
),
.

. , OpenGL. OpenGL Graphics View
Framework , .
. OpenGL, , ,
, OpenGL ,
(, 4096 ),
.
, -. ,
1:1,
. , , ( )
. : , "" (, ).
, . -
382
II.
,
.
: ,
1:1. , ,
.
, . ( . .)
, . , , , , ,
.
,
Qt ,
Linux.
. ,
.
.
,
,
, " , "" " .
. , , , .
" "
.
, ,
1:1, . .
, .
loadImage(),
( 10.25).
10.25. loadImage()
bool GraphicsInput::loadImage(const QPixmap &image, bool clearBlocks)
{
if (clearBlocks || (!hasImage)) {
real_rotate = 0;
383
real_scale = 1;
this->clear();
this->items().clear();
m_LastSelected = 0;
}
if ((!clearBlocks) && hasImage) {
this->removeItem(m_image);
real_scale = 1;
}
old_pixmap = image;
pm2 = image.scaledToWidth(image.width() / 2);
pm4 = pm2.scaledToWidth(pm2.width() / 2);
this->setSceneRect(image.rect());
m_image = this->addPixmap(image);
m_realImage = this->addPixmap(image);
m_realImage->setData(1, "image");
m_realImage->hide();
this->setFocus();
m_image->setFocus();
m_image->setAcceptedMouseButtons(Qt::LeftButton | Qt::RightButton |
Qt::MidButton);
m_image->setAcceptHoverEvents(true);
m_image->setData(1, "image");
if (m_view) {
m_view->centerOn(0, 0);
m_view->show();
hasImage = true;
return true;
} else
return false;
}
, .
,
.
( ). ,
, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 1/16 .

, ,
, . . . pm2, pm4, pm8, pm16 (1/2, 1/4, 1/8 1/16 ). -
384
II.
, , m_realImage.
setViewScale(), . ,
, "-".
extractPixmap() GraphicsInput,
( 10.26).
10.26. extractPixmap()
QPixmap GraphicsInput::extractPixmap(QGraphicsRectItem *item)
{
if (!hasImage) {
return QPixmap(0, 0);
}
QRectF rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
if (item == 0) {
foreach(QGraphicsItem * it, m_view->scene()->items()) {
rect = it->mapRectToScene(it->boundingRect());
break;
}
}
} else
rect = item->mapRectToScene(item->rect());
return m_realImage->pixmap().copy(rect.left() / real_scale,
rect.top() / real_scale,
(rect.right() rect.left()) / real_scale,
(rect.bottom() rect.top()) / real_scale);
}
, ( ), QPixmap, .
, .
,
QPixmap ( isNull() true).
, , ,
, . ,
, , - , .
:
, (, , Graphics View Framework, ), ,
385
.
,
. mapRectToScene()
QGraphicsScene() ( Qt 4.5).

, , 1:1. real_scale,
.
, copy()
QPixmap, m_realImage
QPixmap,
. ,
(. 10.10).
. 10.10.
, , Graphics View Framework

. ,
.
386
II.
Graphics View Framework OpenGL

OpenGL . Graphics
View Framework . ,
. ,
QGLWidget QGraphicsView (
setViewPort(), ).

FullViewportUpdate, QGLWidget
. http://
doc.trolltech.com/qq/qq26-openglcanvas.html#turbocharginggraphicsview.
( ). QGLWidget QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsView.

render() QGraphicsScene,
, (, QGLWidget).
paintGL() QGLWidget ( 10.27)
10.27. paintGL(),

void QXtGLWidget::paintGL()
{
graphicsScene->render(&painter, QRectF(this->rect()),
graphicsScene->sceneRect());
painter.end();
swapBuffers();
}
paintGL(),
graphicsScene - QGLWidget. . . paintGL(),

.
"". ,
, ,
.
. , "" ( 10.28).

10.28. ""
void QXtGLWidget::paintGL()
{
foreach(QGraphicsItem * item, graphicsScene->items()) {
if (item->data(0) == "Box")
item->hide();
}
graphicsScene->render(&painter, QRectF(this->rect()),
graphicsScene->sceneRect());
painter.end();
swapBuffers();
foreach(QGraphicsItem * item, graphicsScene->items()) {
if (item->data(0) == "Box")
item->show();
}
}
. 10.11. ""
387
388
II.
, , hide() QGraphicsItem.
, show().
"" "",
(. 10.11).
, OpenGL, .
, QGraphicsItem paint(), - ( QGraphicsItem , . . )
, QPainter. render() QGraphicsScene :
foreach(QGraphicsItem * item, graphicsScene->items())
item->paint(...);
. , -
QGraphicsItem , , . . -
QGraphicsItem. , -
QGraphicsItem , . , .
Opera
, Graphics View Framework. , : ( , . .)
,
, "" ,
.
, . ,
" " Windows 98 (
Windows Vista Windows 7), Opera.
" Opera",
.
, QGraphicsWidget QGraphicsLayout.
, QGraphicsWidget Qt,
QWidget. ,
Qt, , Qt ,
389
QGraphicsWidget.
QObject, QGraphicsWidget
, . QGraphicsItem,

, . ,
QGraphicsWidget - QWidget,
QGraphicsWidget -
. ( QGraphicsLayout) , , ,
, , , .
QGraphicsAnchorLayout,
Qt 4.6. , , , QGraphicsScene
QGraphicsView, .
- QGraphicsLayoutItem,
QGraphicsLayout QGraphicsWidget. ,

QGraphicsWidget ( QGraphicsLayout , ), .
QGraphicsWidget. , , .
Applet ( 10.29),
QGraphicsWidget : ,
,
.
setScale().

-, Applet ,
, Applet, .

. , Applet , . , .
10.29. Applet
class Applet : public QGraphicsWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
390
II.
public:
Applet(QGraphicsItem * parent = 0);
~Applet();
void addChildItem(QGraphicsItem * item);
void addChildWidget(QWidget * w);
void setGeometry(const QRectF &rect);
void setGeometry(qreal x, qreal y, qreal w, qreal h);
void setCanClose(bool b);
bool canClose();
void fixCurrentSize();
void setMovable(bool b);
bool movable();
int VMargingHint();
int HMargingHint();
signals:
void doubleClicked();
void closed();
protected:
void mouseDoubleClickEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event);
void closeEvent ( QCloseEvent * event );
QVariant itemChange(GraphicsItemChange change,
const QVariant & value);
private:
void scaleToFit();
QWidget * widget;
bool m_canClose;
bool m_movable;
int mcounter;
};
, , addChildItem() addChildWidget(). ,
Applet . doubleClicked(),
( ,
Applet ) closed().
,
( canClose() true). Applet
setCanClose(). , , , . .
, ,

, .
setGeometry(). , , , scaleToFit(),
391
, ,
( Applet ).
Applet ,
QGraphicsGridLayout,
QGridLayout QGraphicsWidget.
QGraphicsGridLayout , , . ,
. ,
QGraphicsItem , .
, , , ,
. , moveEvent() resizeEvent()
, closeEvent(),
. moveEvent() resizeEvent() ,
.
. fixCurrentSize(),
, "" ( 10.30).
10.30. fixCurrentSize()
void Applet::fixCurrentSize()
{
setMinimumSize(size());
setMaximumSize(size());
}
. , " ", QGraphicsItem::ItemIsMovable false

. ,
extwidgets, . ,
, , setFlag() QGraphicsItem::
ItemSendsGeometryChanges true , , , itemChange(), . Applet itemChange()( 10.31).
10.31. itemChange() Applet
QVariant Applet::itemChange(GraphicsItemChange change,
const QVariant &value)
392
II.
{
if (change == QGraphicsItem::ItemPositionChange) {
if ((mcounter < 1) || m_movable) {
mcounter ++;
return value;
}
QPointF p = pos();
return QVariant(p);
} else
return value;
}
m_movable, setMovable() ( true), ,

. mcounter, 0. , itemChange() ( ,
).
. , , Applet
, Applet, setMoveable() false. , Applet ,
.
"" Applet
QGraphicsWebView. , QGraphicsWidget, QWebView. QWebView, QGraphicsWebView Web-, , , Web-. QGraphicsWebView
QGraphicsItem, , QGraphicsItem.
Applet ( 10.32).
10.32. Applet
QGraphicsScene * gs = new QGraphicsScene(this);
ui->graphicsView->setScene(gs);
QGraphicsWidget * mainForm = new QGraphicsWidget;
QGraphicsGridLayout * layout = new QGraphicsGridLayout(0);
layout->setGeometry(QRectF(0, 0,900,900));
layout->setColumnMinimumWidth(0, 400);
layout->setRowMinimumHeight(0, 300);
layout->setColumnMinimumWidth(1, 400);
393
layout->setRowMinimumHeight(1, 300);
mainForm->setLayout(layout);
gs->addItem(mainForm);
Applet * applet1 = new Applet();
applet1->setGeometry(0,0,400,300);
applet1->setCanClose(false);
applet1->fixCurrentSize();
gs->addItem(applet1);
QGraphicsWebView * wv = new QGraphicsWebView();
wv->setUrl(QUrl("http://www.sat24.com/"));
wv->setGeometry(QRectF(0, 0, 800, 600));
applet1->addChildItem(wv);
applet1->setWindowTitle("www.sat24.com");
layout->addItem(applet1, 0, 0);
layout->setRowSpacing(0, applet1->VMargingHint()+2);
layout->setColumnSpacing(0, applet1->HMargingHint()+2);
layout->setRowSpacing(1, applet1->VMargingHint()+2);
layout->setColumnSpacing(1, applet1->HMargingHint()+2);
Applet * applet2 = new Applet();
applet2->setGeometry(0,0,400,300);
applet2->setCanClose(false);
applet2->fixCurrentSize();
gs->addItem(applet2);
wv = new QGraphicsWebView();
wv->setUrl(QUrl("http://www.yandex.ru/"));
wv->setGeometry(QRectF(0, 0, 800, 600));
applet2->addChildItem(wv);
applet2->setWindowTitle("yandex.ru");
layout->addItem(applet2, 0, 1);
...
applet1->setMoveable(false);

. operalike, Ch10,
, . , setMoveable()
, .
, QGraphicsGridLayout
-
, Applet
QGraphicsWidget Qt::Dialog. , , Applet, QGraphicsGridLayout, . Applet VMargingHint()
II.
394
HMargingHint(),
(spacing) ,
.
VMargingHint() HMargingHint() QStyle, ( 10.33). . , , X11, Linux, , , .
10.33. Applet
int Applet::VMargingHint()
{
return style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_TitleBarHeight) +
style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_MdiSubWindowFrameWidth);
}
int Applet::HMargingHint()
{
return style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_MdiSubWindowFrameWidth)*2;
}
. 10.12. Opera
395
, Opera (. 10.12).

- QGraphicsWidget,
. , EllipseWidget ( 10.34), .
EllipseWidget ,
, QgraphicsEllipseItem, .
10.34. EllipseWidget
class EllipseWidget : public QGraphicsWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(qreal rx READ rx WRITE setRx)
Q_PROPERTY(qreal ry READ ry WRITE setRy)
public:
EllipseWidget(QGraphicsWidget *parent = 0);
qreal rx();
void setRx(qreal value);
qreal ry();
void setRy(qreal value);
void setColor(QColor aColor);
QColor getColor();
QRectF boundingRect () const;
signals:
void doubleClicked();
void mouseDown();
void mouseUp();
void focusIn();
void focusOut();
protected:
void focusInEvent(QFocusEvent *event);
void focusOutEvent(QFocusEvent *event);
void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
QWidget *widget);
void mouseDoubleClickEvent ( QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * event );
void mousePressEvent (QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event);
void mouseReleaseEvent (QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event);
private:
bool belongs(const QPointF &p);
qreal mRx, mRy;
QColor color;
};
II.
396
, ,
setRx() setRy(). setColor().
-
QGraphicsWidget,
X0, Y0
, , : paint(), (
ry
rx
) boundingRect(),

( ). , Graphics View Framework
"", .
paint() boundingRect() . ,
. ,
. , . 10.13.
X0, Y0
ry
X0, Y0
rx
rx
ry
. 10.13.
X0, Y0
rx

. ry
: QRectF(0, 0, 2*rx, 2*ry), rx
ry . , , . . rx, ry. , , . : QRectF(-rx, -ry, 2*rx, 2*ry).
. Graphics View Framework , ,
paint() boundingRect().
, ,
boundingRect() ( , paint()) "" , .

QGraphicsScene.
397
( 10.35) .
10.35. paint() boundingRect() EllipseWidget
void EllipseWidget::paint(QPainter *painter,
const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)
{
QBrush oldBrush = painter->brush();
QPen oldPen = painter->pen();
QPen pen(this->color);
color.setAlpha(100);
QBrush brush(color);
pen.setWidth(2);
painter->setPen(pen);
painter->setBrush(brush);
painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(mRx,mRy), mRx, mRy);
painter->setBrush(oldBrush);
painter->setPen(oldPen);
}
QRectF EllipseWidget::boundingRect() const
{
const int w = 2*const_cast<EllipseWidget*>(this)->rx();
const int h = 2*const_cast<EllipseWidget*>(this)->ry();
return QRectF(0, 0, w, h);
}
, paint() QPainter,
. ,
drawEllipse() rx, ry
( mRx mRy).
.
, : mouseDoubleClickEvent(), mousePressEvent()
mouseReleaseEvent(). .
QGraphicsView, QGraphicsScene.
, - . , . ,
boundingRect(), , , geometry(). . , , ,
, ,
.
398
II.
, , ( 10.36).
10.36. setRx() setRy() EllipseWidget
void EllipseWidget::setRx(qreal value)
{
mRx = value;
setGeometry(pos().x(), pos().y(), boundingRect().width(),
boundingRect().height());
}
void EllipseWidget::setRy(qreal value)
{
mRy = value;
setGeometry(pos().x(), pos().y(), boundingRect().width(),
boundingRect().height());
}
, ,
geometry() ( setGeometry()),
. ,
boundingRect().
- ( 10.37).
10.37. -
void EllipseWidget::mouseDoubleClickEvent(
QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
{
if (belongs(event->pos())) {
emit doubleClicked();
event->accept();
}
}
void EllipseWidget::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
{
emit mouseDown();
event->accept();
}
}
void EllipseWidget::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
{
399
emit mouseUp();
event->accept();
}
}
, . Graphics View Framework . ,

, , . , , , , , QPushButton.
,
, Graphics View Framework.
. , , ,
. , , , ,
, geometry().
, , EllipseWidget , ,
, ,
. , , , . , belongs(), true, , ,
, false . belongs()
. 10.14.
400
true,
event.
II.
accept() -
, . ,
, , ?
. . , ,
(. 10.14).
III

11.
12. Qt
13. Qt
14. Qt
15. QML
11

Qt 4.6 (state machine framework). , ,
.
.
" ", , . , .
, .
. - . , Calculator, (. 11.1).
(. 11.1) : Rf " " (, ), Rb " " ( ) Op ,
. x, y, r.
[c]
[+][-]
[0]-[9]
[0]-[9]
1
[+][-]
[c]
[0]-[9]
[+][-] [=]
[+][-]
[=]
[0]-[9]
[c]
4
[c]
[0]-[9]
. 11.1. Calculator
III.
404
11.1. Calculator
Rf = 0, Rb = 0, Op = NULL
Rf = x, Rb = 0, Op = NULL
Rf = x, Rb = Rf, Op = [+|]
Rf = y, Rb = x, Op = [+|]
Rf = r, Rb = 0, Op = NULL
1->2 Rf , . .
2->3 Rf Rb, Op . 3->4 Rf , , .
4->5 Rb Rf (
Rb + Rf, Rb Rf) Rf, Rb Op
. 5->2 1->2 ( Rb Op
), 5->3 2->3. 4->3 Rb Rf, e
Rf, Rb Rf, Op . 3->3 Rb Rf , Op,
Rf Rb, Op . 2->1, 3->1, 4->1 5->1 .
:
QStateMachine, QState QSignalTransition. , .
QStateMachine . QState
, QSignalTransition , .
, . 11.1.
. , . ,
( 11.1).
11.1.
s1 = new QState();
s2 = new QState();
s3 = new QState();
s4 = new QState();
s5 = new QState();
s1->addTransition(this, SIGNAL(digitButtonPressed()), s2);
s2->addTransition(this, SIGNAL(cancelButtonPressed()), s1);
11.
405

s2->addTransition(this, SIGNAL(operationButtonPressed()), s3);
s3->addTransition(this, SIGNAL(equalButtonPressed()), s5);
s4->addTransition(this, SIGNAL(equalButtonPressed()), s5);
connect (s1, SIGNAL(entered()), this, SLOT(s1Entered()));
connect (s1, SIGNAL(exited()), this, SLOT(s1Exited()));
machine = new QStateMachine(0);
machine->addState(s1);
machine->setInitialState(s1);
machine->start();
s1-s5 , ,
. , addTransition() QState. ,
( ,
Qt), addTransition()
- ,
, . ,
s1 s2,
digitButtonPressed() , this. , . , , :
digitButtonPressed() ( ); operationButtonPressed()
406
III.
( ); cancelButtonPressed() (
) equalButtonPressed() ( "").
addTransition() QSignalTransition (
QEventTransition, ,
). addTransition(),
, ,
. , , .
, ,
. , ,
exited(), entered().
.
: , . ,
. , , .
,
entered() exited() ,
QStateMachine. ,
QStateMachine addState() . ,
setInitialState(). , (, , , ) () .
Qt
QFinalState. ,
finished().
, ( ) .
, Calculator, , ,
, , Qt. , start()
QStateMachine .
, , entered() exited(). ( 11.2).
Ch11/calculator.
11.12 ,
void Calculator::s1Entered()
{
Rf = 0;
Rb = 0;
Op = opNone;
emit valueChanged(Rf);
}
11.
{
if (Rf < 9999999) {
Rf = Rf*10 + transitionButton;
}
}
{
if (Rb != 0) {
doOp(Op);
}
Rb = Rf;
Op = transitionButton;
}
void Calculator::s3Exited()
{
if (transitionButton > 9) {
doOp(Op);
Rb = 0;
Op = transitionButton;
} else {
Rf = 0;
}
}
{
s2Entered();
}
{
doOp(Op);
Op = opNone;
}
void Calculator::s5Exited()
{
if (transitionButton <= 9) {
Rb = 0;
Rf = 0;
}
}
407
408
III.
, . doOp() , .
Rf Rb.

Calculator ,
. , ""

. , .
,
. , Qt , Graphics View Framework.
,
, . , s1
. s1Entered(). s5.
,
(
).
,
, . , , . ,
exited() entered(), , , , , "" , ,
"". Rb, Rf, Op
transitionButton, , . , , , , .
Qt , . - Qt. QXtTransition,
, , , ( 11.3).
11.
409
11.3. QXtTransition
class QXtTransition : public QSignalTransition
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit QXtTransition(QObject * sender, const char * signal,
QObject * reciever, const char * slot,
QState * sourceState = 0);
protected:
void onTransition ( QEvent * event );
signals:
void transiting(QState * from, QAbstractState * to, QString label);
};
,
, , , onTransition(), protected:. QXtTransition
onTransition() , transiting().
: from -, . to ,
label , QXtTransition ( ,
transiting()). label ,
, QXtTransition,
setObjectName(). QXtTransition()
onTransition() ( 11.4).
11.4. QXtTransition
QXtTransition::QXtTransition(QObject *sender, const char *signal,
QObject *reciever, const char *slot, QState *sourceState):
QSignalTransition(sender, signal, sourceState)
{
int offset = (*slot == '0'+QSLOT_CODE) ? 1 : 0;
const QMetaObject *meta = reciever->metaObject();
int slotIndex;
if ((slotIndex = meta->indexOfSlot(slot+offset)) == -1) {
if ((slotIndex = meta->indexOfSlot(
QMetaObject::normalizedSignature(slot+offset))) == -1)
{
qWarning("QXtTransition: no such slot %s::%s",
meta->className(), slot+offset);
return;
}
}
410
III.
offset = (*signal == '0'+QSIGNAL_CODE) ? 1 : 0;
int signalIndex =
this->metaObject()->indexOfSignal(
"transiting(QState*,QAbstractState*,QString)");
if (signalIndex == -1) {
qWarning() << "QXtTransition: failed to find signal";
return;
}
if (!meta->connect(this, signalIndex, reciever, slotIndex))
qWarning() << "QXtTransition: failed to connect signal and slot";
}
void QXtTransition::onTransition(QEvent *e)
{
QString label = objectName() ==
"" ? QString::fromLatin1(signal().data(), signal().size())
: objectName();
emit transiting(sourceState(), targetState(), label);
QSignalTransition::onTransition(e);
}
.
, transiting(), . , , connect(). , , ( , QXtTransition
QSignalTransition). .
, ,
transiting(). . , - .

, connect() QObject. , , transiting(), , connect(), . . SLOT().
char
, . .
, , . . .
Qt, QObject, , ,
, ,
.
foo , foo.metaObject().
foo, foo, ,
foo, . -
11.
411
.
indexOfSlot() . indexOfSlot()
, SLOT() ( ,
indexOfSlot() ,
Qt ). , , . indexOfSlot() ,
( indexOfSlot() 1). transiting()
QXtTransition. , ,
, , ,
, , .
connect() . QObject. ( ). ,
true .
QSignalTransition , addTransition(). QXtTransition
. QState, , . - QState
addTransition(), QXtTransition ( 11.5).
11.5. QXtState
class QXtState : public QState
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit QXtState(QState *parent = 0);
void addTransition(QAbstractTransition * transition);
QSignalTransition * addTransition(QObject * sender,
const char * signal, QAbstractState * target);
QAbstractTransition * addTransition(QAbstractState * target);
QXtTransition * addTransition(QObject * sender, const char * signal,
QObject * reciever, const char * slot, QState * target);
public slots:
protected:
};
, -, ,
addTransition(), , , , QState.
, ( 11.6).
412
III.
11.6. QXtState
QXtState::QXtState(QState *parent) :
QState(parent)
{
}
void QXtState::addTransition(QAbstractTransition * transition)
{
QState::addTransition(transition);
}
QSignalTransition * QXtState::addTransition(QObject * sender,
const char * signal, QAbstractState * target)
{
return QState::addTransition(sender, signal, target);
}
QAbstractTransition * QXtState::addTransition(QAbstractState * target)
{
return QState::addTransition(target);
}
QXtTransition * QXtState::addTransition(QObject * sender,
const char * signal, QObject * reciever, const char * slot,
QState * target)
{
QXtTransition * transition =
new QXtTransition(sender, signal, reciever, slot, this);
transition->setTargetState(target);
addTransition(transition);
return transition;
}
addTransition(), , .
addTransition(), .
QXtTransition.
- , transiting(),
addTransition(). , ( - QAbstractTransition).
, , , setTargetState(). addTransition(), .
11.
413
(. 11.2). .
Qt ( 11.7).
A
1
. 11.2.
11.7. QXtGraphicsView
QStateMachine * machine1 = new QStateMachine(0);
QXtState * xs1 = new QXtState();
xs1->setObjectName("1");
xs2->setObjectName("2");
QXtTransition * t;
xt = xs1->addTransition(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this,
SLOT(doTransiting(QState*,QAbstractState*,QString)), xs2);
xt->setObjectName("A");
xt = xs2->addTransition(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this,
SLOT(doTransiting(QState*,QAbstractState*,QString)),xs1);
xt->setObjectName("B");
machine1->addState(xs1);
machine1->addState(xs2);
machine1->setInitialState(xs1);
machine1->start();
1 2, , clicked() pushButton. transiting() , ,

doTransiting() ( 11.8).
11.8. ,
void Dialog::DoTransiting(QState *from, QAbstractState *to,
QString label)
{
qWarning() << "transit" << from->objectName() << to->objectName()
<< label;
}
, pushButton, :
414
III.
transit "1" "2" "A"

transit "2" "1" "B"
transit "1" "2" "A"
...

, , . Qt , ,
, . , Qt , . , , , .
.
size , . - QAbstractAnimation
.
QVariantAnimation QVariant. (
, , ). , , .
. ,
, ( , ,
). .
QVariantAnimation QPropertyAnimation "" Qt. ""
. QPropertyAnimation
pos, size windowOpacity,
. ,
, .
, . ,
QParallelAnimationGroup , . addAnimation().
, , start(). ,
, QSequentialAnimationGroup.
Qt . ,
, ,
11.
415
. .
, - start(), stop()
setPaused(), QAbstractAnimation, ,
. , ,
, , .

, .
( ) . 11.9.
11.9. ,
animation = new QPropertyAnimation(this);
animation->setTargetObject(ui->scrollArea);
animation->setPropertyName("size");
animation->setStartValue(QVariant(QSize(250,60)));
animation->setEndValue(QVariant(QSize(250,190)));
animation->setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve::OutQuad);
animation->setDuration(2500);
QXtTransition * t;
t = xs1->addTransition(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this,
SLOT(doTransiting(QState*)),xs2);
t->setObjectName("A");
t->addAnimation(animation);
t = xs2->addTransition(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this,
SLOT(doTransiting(QState*)),xs1);
t->setObjectName("B");
t->addAnimation(animation);
machine = new QStateMachine(this);
machine->addState(xs1);
machine->addState(xs2);
machine->setInitialState(xs1);
machine->start();
QPropertyAnimation. , , , ,
, . ,
QPropertyAnimation ,
Qt. setTargetObject() ,
III.
416
setPropertyName() ,
animation. QPropertyAnimation
, int qreal, QLine,
QLineF, QPoint, QPointF, QRect, QRectF, QSize QSizeF. ,
, (. .
, -). setStartValue() , setEndValue() .
setDuration(),
setEasingCurve(). , -,
. setEasingCurve()
QEasingCurve::OutQuad. .
-
. , -
. , .
, , ,
, .
doTransiting(), :
void doTransiting(QState* from);
, , ,
.

, , exiting() , , .
doTransiting() ,
( 11.10).
11.10. mousePressEvent() GraphicsInput
void MainWnd::doTransiting(QState *from)
{
if (from->objectName() == "1")
animation->setDirection(QAbstractAnimation::Backward);
else
animation->setDirection(QAbstractAnimation::Forward);
}
QAbstractAnimation::Forward ,
setStartValue(), , setEndValue(), QAbstractAnimation::Backward .
11.
417

QPropertyAnimation , - QObject. - QGraphicsItem, , QGraphicsItemAnimation.
Qt , -,
QAbstractAnimation.
, (. 11.3). Ch11/animation.
. 11.3.
, Qt
, ,
assignProperty() QState. ,
Qt .
. ,
Qt, . , , entered(), , , ,
.
12
Qt
. ,

, , , " "
, . ( ) . , . (, Lua ECMAScript)
, .
Qt, 4.3. QtScript. QtScript
.
() . , "" ,
. ,
.
, .
- (. 12.1), ,
.
QtScript ECMAScript, JScript JavaScript.
. 12.1.
12. Qt
419
ECMAScript . JavaScript, ,
,
Qt. Qt
QScriptEngine, , ,
.
, QtScript
QScriptEngine. QScriptEngine evaluate(). .
, ,
Qt- , 12.1.
12.1. QtScript
engine = new QScriptEngine();
qint32 result = engine->evaluate("2 + 2").toInt32();
qWarning() << "Result" << result;
pro
QT += script
result 4 ( , ?).
evaluate() ( , , ) , . , 4.7, Qt evaluate(),
.

Qt . , -, , , . Qt , . .
,
, .
, , .
, ,
,
ECMAScript. , , .

,
(, , , ,
). ,
,
420
III.
. , ,
, , , . , , .
? ,
, , ( ECMAScript ).
,
. , .
.
QtScript QScriptValue. ( ) . QScriptValue
. ,
, . , evaluate() QScriptValue.
( ),
, , . ,
C, ""
void. , , , , , 12.2.
12.2
QScriptValue result = engine->evaluate(script);
if (result.isError())
qDebug() << "Script error:" << result.toString();
checkSyntax() QScriptEngine , .
Qt
.
, ""
QScriptValue, .
, - QObject, . , , , ,
12.3.
.
12. Qt
421
12.3. Qt
QScriptValue objectWnd = engine->newQObject(this);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("MainWindow", objectWnd);
newQObject() ,
QScriptValue ( ,
, ). ,
newQObject() - QObject,
.
.
, ,
MainWindow.
, , , . ECMAScript -. ,
. Qt- globalObject()
QScriptEngine ( , ,
Qt- QScriptValue). setProperty() .
MainWindow ,
Qt-.
, - . ,
, Qt . , ,
, C++ .
. , (RTTI), . .
, ,
QObject. , Qt
. , ,
- QObject, . ,
, ,
. Clock,
- ( 12.4).
Ch12/clock.
422
III.
12.4. Clock
class Clock : public QDialog, public Ui::MainForm
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Clock(QWidget *parent = 0);
virtual ~Clock();
Q_PROPERTY(QString timeFormat READ getTimeFormat
WRITE setTimeFormat)
Q_PROPERTY(QString dateFormat READ getDateFormat
WRITE setDateFormat)
Q_PROPERTY(QString currentTime READ getCurrentTime)
protected slots:
void onTimeout();
void beep();
private:
QTimer * timer;
QString m_timeFormat;
QString m_dateFormat;
void setTimeFormat(const QString & format)
{
m_timeFormat = format;
};
QString getTimeFormat()
{
return m_timeFormat;
};
void setDateFormat(const QString & format)
{
m_dateFormat = format;
};
QString getDateFormat()
{
return m_timeFormat;
};
QString getCurrentTime()
{
return QTime::currentTime().toString(m_timeFormat);
};
QScriptEngine * engine;
};
: timeFormat, dateFormat currentTime.

. currentTime, , -
12. Qt
423
. beep().
,
QApplication::beep(). -
. Q_INVOKABLE:
Q_INVOKABLE void visibleMethod();
, , Clock
( 12.5).
12.5. Clock
Clock::Clock(QWidget *parent) : QDialog(parent)
{
setupUi(this);
m_timeFormat = "hh:mm:ss";
m_dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd (dddd)";
QFile scriptFile("clock.config");
timer = new QTimer(this);
timer->setObjectName("timer");
timer->setInterval(1000);
connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(onTimeout()));
QString script;
if (scriptFile.exists())
{
scriptFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
script.append(scriptFile.readAll());
scriptFile.close();
}
engine = new QScriptEngine();
QScriptValue objectWnd = engine->newQObject(this);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("MainWindow", objectWnd);
QScriptValue func = engine->newFunction(toUnicode);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("toUnicode", func);
QScriptValue func2 = engine->newFunction(newTextInputDialog);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("newTextInputDialog", func2);
QScriptValue result = engine->evaluate(script);
if (result.isError())
qDebug() << "Script error:" << result.toString();
timer->start();
}
MainWindow.timeFormat = "hh:mm:ss";
MainWindow.dateFormat = "MM/dd/yy (dddd)";
424
III.
, , , ( 12.6). clock
clock.config. Microsoft Visual Studio - , . . Visual Studio
config . , ,
Qt,
.

.
12.6.
MainWindow.timeFormat = "hh:mm:ss";
MainWindow.dateFormat = "MM/dd/yy (dddd)";
MainWindow.windowTitle = " ";
.
timeFormat dateFormat Qt -. , . "" Qt
UTF-16, , , UTF-8,
. , ,
- UTF-8 UTF-16, ,
Qt. toUnicode(),
.
.
windowTitle. Clock . , , . , ,
, .

MainWindow.close();
. close() Clock
, , , MainWindow. ,
Clock, . .
:
MainWindow.dateText.text = "Date:";
dateText MainWindow? dateText

QLabel,
( , -
12. Qt
425
, name() ).
text dateText. . . Qt, , (, name()), Qt. ,
, .
. (. 12.2).
( 12.7).
12.7. ,
MainWindow.dateLabel.hide();
MainWindow.dateText.hide();
MainWindow.setStyleSheet("QDialog { background: yellow }");
MainWindow.timeLabel.setStyleSheet("QLabel {border: 2px solid green;}");
MainWindow.timeText.setStyleSheet("QLabel {border: 2px solid red;}");
. 12.2.
-
, , .
, ,
, ,
(. . name()) . , . ,
, ,
"" ( clicked()) .
, , , ,
, .
. newQObject() , ( 12.8).
12.8.
QScriptValue objectWnd = engine->newQObject(this,
QScriptEngine::QtOwnership, QScriptEngine::ExcludeSuperClassMethods |
QScriptEngine::ExcludeSuperClassProperties);
426
III.

MainWindow.close();

ReferenceError: close is not defined
( : close )
QScriptEngine::ExcludeChildObjects , - .
.
.
.
, .

, .
, , Qt.
( 12.9).
12.9. -
function onTimer()
{
var time = MainWindow.currentTime;
if (time.substring(0,5) == "12:00")
MainWindow.beep();
}
onTimer() timeout, - .
currentTime onTimer()
( ::), (
) ,
.
- , :
MainWindow.timer.timeout.connect(onTimer);
Qt- - timer,
, MainWindow. timeout timer
-, connect()
12. Qt
427
disconnect(). , . :
MainWindow.timer.timeout()
MainWindow.timer.timeout
timeout , . -,
.
, ,
-
.

? . , . , , , . ,
.
- (
) evaluate().
: ?
: ,
, .
QScriptEngine.
Qt ? " ?"
. , , , , Qt. , , ,
, , . , Clock
:
void alarm(int reason);
:
MainWindow.alarm(1234);
alarm() - ,
( 1234).
428
III.

Qt- , , .
,

QScriptValue .
, ,
- .
, .
, , :
QScriptContext QScriptEngine.
toUnicode(), (UTF-8) UTF-16, Qt.
ECMAScript, ( 12.10).
12.10. toUnicode()
QScriptValue toUnicode(QScriptContext *context, QScriptEngine *engine)
{
QString s = context->argument(0).toString();
return QScriptValue(engine, QString::fromUtf8(s.toAscii().data()));
}
,
context ( argumentCount()
context). , , , , QScriptValue.
QScriptEngine:
QScriptValue func = engine->newFunction(toUnicode);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("toUnicode", func);
newFunction() QScriptEngine QScriptValue, .

.
toUnicode(), :
MainWindow.windowTitle = toUnicode(" ");
, , , .
12. Qt
429
,
,
.

Qt , , .
, ,
, .
,
.
.
- - . , -, . ,
, , .
. ,
- , , .
. , , . , - , .
, ,
QObject. ,
,
C++, , , C++, QObject.
.
clock TextInputDialog, , OK . clock
. TextInputDialog , , clock - ( 12.11).
12.11. newTextInputDialog()
QScriptValue newTextInputDialog(QScriptContext *context,
QScriptEngine *engine)
{
return engine->newQObject(new TextInputDialog(),
QScriptEngine::ScriptOwnership);
}
430
III.
, , .
QScriptValue, TextInputDialog.
QScriptValue .
newQObject(). QScriptEngine::ScriptOwnership
, (
: , ,
, . . parent
NULL). newTextInputDialog
, ToUnicode().
( 12.12).
12.12.
var Dlg = newTextInputDialog();
var Text;
function onAccept()
{
Text = Dlg.lineEdit.text;
print(Text);
}
Dlg.accepted.connect(onAccept);
Dlg.modal = true;
Dlg.show();
TextInputDialog Dlg
( ,
, ). accepted ( , OK)
onAccept. , (
text lineEdit), print().

? . , .
: , ? , . , " ".
, .

, , , QObject,
, ,
Qt -. ,
12. Qt
431
QObject,
.
, ( ,
) -. ,
QObject, . .
.
, Graphics View Framework. EllipseWidget, .
QColor,
QObject , , . .
, Qt .
EllipseWidget ( 12.13).
12.13. EllipseWidget
QGraphicsScene * scene = new QGraphicsScene();
QScriptEngine * engine = new QScriptEngine();
EllipseWidget * ew = new EllipseWidget();
scene->addItem(ew);
engine->globalObject().setProperty("Ellipse1", engine->newQObject(ew));
Ellipse1,
, , x, y, rx, ry setColor(). x, y, rx ry , . . , setColor() , QColor,
.
Qt. ,
, . . , ,
. ,
Object, QVariant.
, Object QScriptValue, , , , QVariant. , Qt,
, "" .
, Object, ( )
Qt.
, , QColor. , , :
var color = new QColor(255, 255, 0);
432
III.
. - . QColor_ctor ( 12.14).
12.14. - QColor
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QColor)
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QColor*)
QScriptValue QColor_ctor(QScriptContext *context, QScriptEngine *engine)
{
int r = context->argument(0).toInt32();
int g = context->argument(1).toInt32();
int b = context->argument(2).toInt32();
return engine->toScriptValue(QColor(r, g, b, 80));
}
...
engine->globalObject().setProperty("QColor",
engine->newFunction(QColor_ctor))
QScriptValue,
Object. , ,
QColor, , , QColor.
:
var color = new QColor(r, g, b);
Ellipse1.setColor(color);
QColor().
QColor()
newTextInputDialog() ( 12.11). newTextInputDialog() new, QColor() . , QColor_ctor() "" QColor,
. , , QColor "".
QColor
, .
-
. Qt QColor , . QColor
red, green blue, , , , .
alpha , ,
. QColor
QObject, , ( ). QColor
12. Qt
433
, ,
( 12.15). Ch12/
QColorMetatype http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.
12.15. QColor
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QColor)
Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QColor*)
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_red(QScriptContext *context,
{
QColor color = qscriptvalue_cast<QColor>(context->thisObject());
return color.red();
}
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_setRed(QScriptContext *context,
{
QColor * color = qscriptvalue_cast<QColor *>(context->thisObject());
if (!color)
return context->throwError(QScriptContext::TypeError,
"This object is not a QColor");
color->setRed(context->argument(0).toInt32());
return engine->undefinedValue();
}
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_green(QScriptContext *context,
{
return color.green();
}
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_setGreen(QScriptContext *context,
{
if (!color)
color->setGreen(context->argument(0).toInt32());
}
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_blue(QScriptContext *context,
434
III.
{
return color.blue();
}
QScriptValue QColor_prototype_setBlue(QScriptContext *context,
{
if (!color)
color->setBlue(context->argument(0).toInt32());
}
{
QScriptValue res = engine->toScriptValue(QColor(r, g, b, 80));
res.setProperty("red", engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_setRed),
QScriptValue::PropertySetter);
res.setProperty("red", engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_red),
QScriptValue::PropertyGetter);
res.setProperty("green",
engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_setGreen),
res.setProperty("green",
engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_green),
res.setProperty("blue",
engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_setBlue),
res.setProperty("blue",
engine->newFunction(QColor_prototype_blue),
return res;
}
, QColor_prototype_*
QColor. Qt,
,
. - ,
C++,
thisObject ( thisObject()
QScriptContext). this -
12. Qt
435
C++. thisObject
"" QColor, (
) "" qscriptvalue_cast.
, - QColor , . . , "" thisObject. -,
, thisObject,
QColor. -. , , ,
.
- QColor_ctor() res ( "" Qt QColor ) ,
, . , - setProperty() QScriptValue::PropertySetter QScriptValue::PropertyGetter.
, , res.setProperty("red", ...)
red() red, : . QColor_ctor() , , . , QColor,
red, green blue, ( 12.16).
12.16. QColor
var color = new QColor(255,255,255);
color.red = 0;
print(color.blue);
Ellipse1.setColor(color);
, QColor , ( 12.17).
12.17. QColor
QScriptValue QColor_toString(QScriptContext *context,
{
return QString("{%1, %2, %3}")
.arg(color.red()).arg(color.green()).arg(color.blue());
}
{
III.
436
QScriptValue res = engine->toScriptValue(QColor(r, g, b, 80));
...
res.setProperty("toString", engine->newFunction(QColor_toString));
return res;
}
QColor toString(), . :
var color = new QColor(0, 255, 255);
print(color);
, print()
toString() , . ,
QColor , -
QColor , (,
setColor()).
QColor
. QColor , , , . , , QObject.
Qt, ,
-.
QSharedPointer .
, http://doc.qt.nokia.com/4.7-snapshot/scripting.html.

.
Qt 4.7
- Qt , .
. , , , . QScriptProgram .
- QScriptProgram, evaluate() QScriptEngine,
.
13

Qt
, , , . , , , .
,
, , , .
, ,
, .

, .
,
, (plugins) Qt. Qt
, .
, , . ,
, ,
,
. ( ,
, ,
). -, ,
, ,
, . -, . : , , ,
, , . , . ,
.
438
III.
Qt . . , .
.
. , QGraphicsObject QObject
QGraphicsItem. , - QGraphicsObject : QObject QGraphicsItem.

.
Qt . , .
, - QObject ,
.
, . . , , ,
( 13.1)
13.1. AudioSourceInterface
class AudioSourceInterface
{
public:
virtual ~AudioSourceInterface() {};
virtual void setSourceName(const QString &name) = 0;
virtual unsigned short getChannels() = 0;
virtual unsigned short getBPS() = 0;
virtual unsigned int getSampleRate() = 0;
virtual unsigned short getFrameSize() = 0;
virtual long int getFramesCount() = 0;
virtual int getRawData(char * data, int numFrames) = 0;
virtual QString getLastError() const = 0;
virtual void clearError() = 0;
virtual void release() = 0;
};
, .
public. , , (
, C++ ). .
, - ,
. , -
13. Qt
439
,
, .
setSourceName() release(). , .
AudioSourceInterface
: , , .
, . .
setSourceName() ,
. ,
, - , "" . , . getChannels() (1 , 2 . .). getBPS() ( 8, 16, 24,
32). , , .
, ,
, . getSampleRate()
. getFrameSize()
( ,
, , ) . , 16 , 2,
4 . , getFramesCount()
. 1.
getRawData() .
. , ( ),
. ,
. ,
, , , .
( ). , ,
. getRawData() 0, .
, 1
setSourceName().
getLastError() , . , .
clearError().
III.
440
release() , .
. getRawData() 1,
release() .

,
AudioSourceInterface. , , , .
AudioSourceInterface ,
, ( ) ,
. ,
, .
AudioSourceInterface , ,
, (
audiosourceinterface.h).
, .
:
Q_DECLARE_INTERFACE(AudioSourceInterface,
"net.symmetrica.qt47book.ch13.AudioSourceInterface/1.0")
Q_DECLARE_INTERFACE() , ,
, . ,
. , , , .
, Java:
, . , , , .
, . .
. , , wav. waveplugin. , . Qt
( 13.2).
13.2. waveplugin.pro
QT -= gui
TARGET = waveplugin
TEMPLATE = lib
13. Qt
441
CONFIG += plugin
DEFINES += WAVEPLUGIN_LIBRARY
SOURCES += waveplugin.cpp
HEADERS += waveplugin.h\
waveplugin_global.h \
audiosourceinterface.h
gui. , . lib,
TEMPLATE, , ,
. plugin, CONFIG, , Qt. DEFINES ( C++) WAVEPLUGIN_
LIBRARY,
.
13.2 , .
,
. waveplugin_global.h , ,
( 13.3).
13.3. waveplugin_global.h
#ifndef WAVEPLUGIN_GLOBAL_H
#define WAVEPLUGIN_GLOBAL_H
#include <QtCore/qglobal.h>
#if defined(WAVEPLUGIN_LIBRARY)
# define WAVEPLUGINSHARED_EXPORT Q_DECL_EXPORT
#else
# define WAVEPLUGINSHARED_EXPORT Q_DECL_IMPORT
#endif
Q_DECL_EXPORT Qt,
. Q_DECL_IMPORT , (,
,
). Qt .
, . . AudioSourceInterface, waveplugin.h waveplugin.cpp.
, ( 13.4).
III.
442
12.4. WavePlugin
class WAVEPLUGINSHARED_EXPORT WavePlugin : public QObject,

public AudioSourceInterface
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_INTERFACES(AudioSourceInterface)
public:
void setSourceName(const QString &name);
unsigned short getChannels();
unsigned short getBPS();
unsigned int getSampleRate();
unsigned short getFrameSize();
long int getFramesCount();
int getRawData(char * data, int numFrames);
QString getLastError() const;
void clearError();
void release();
private:
QString lastError;
QFile * device;
unsigned int m_size;
unsigned short bps;
unsigned int sr;
unsigned short channels;
};
WavePlugin QObject AudioSourceInterface.

, , QObject, , QObject, , .
.
. C++
. , , , ,
( WavePlugin), . , ,
, .

, , , , . , ,
, , .
, . connect() -
13. Qt
443
- QObject, QObject,
, .
, ,
.
Qt.
,
public . Q_OBJECT(), WavePlugin
Q_INTERFACES(). , , WavePlugin
AudioSourceInterface. Q_INTERFACES() ,
. . . ,
, ,
. ,
.
WavePlugin ( 13.5).
13.5. WavePlugin
void WavePlugin::setSourceName(const QString &name)
{
device = new QFile(0);
if (device->isOpen())
device->close();
device->setFileName(name);
if (!device->open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
lastError = QString::fromUtf8(" ");
return;
}
QString str;
QByteArray ba;
ba = device->read(4);
if (QString::fromLatin1(ba.data(), 4) != "RIFF") {
device->close();
return;
}
device->read(4); //
ba = device->read(4);
if (QString::fromLatin1(ba.data(), 4) != "WAVE") {
device->close();
return;
}
device->read(4); // fmt
device->read(4); // ,
III.
444
device->read(2); // ( WAVE_FORMAT_PCM).
device->read((char *)&channels, 2);
device->read((char *)&sr, 4);
device->read(4); // avg_bytes_sec
device->read(2); // nblock_align.
device->read((char *)&bps, 2);
device->read(4); // data.
device->read((char *)&m_size, 4);
device->seek(44);
}
void WavePlugin::release()
{
delete device;
device = 0;
}
QString WavePlugin::getLastError() const
{
return lastError;
}
void WavePlugin::clearError()
{
lastError = "";
}
unsigned short WavePlugin::getChannels()
{
return channels;
}
unsigned short WavePlugin::getBPS()
{
return bps;
}
unsigned int WavePlugin::getSampleRate()
{
return sr;
}
unsigned short WavePlugin::getFrameSize()
{
return channels*bps/8;
}
13. Qt
445
long int WavePlugin::getFramesCount()

{
return m_size/getFrameSize();
}
int WavePlugin::getRawData(char * data, int numFrames)
{
if (!device) return -1;
if (device->pos() >= m_size + 44) {
release();
return -1; // EOF
}
int numBytes = numFrames*getFrameSize();
if (device->pos() + numBytes > m_size + 44)
numBytes = m_size + 44 device->pos();
return device->read(data, numBytes);
}
Q_EXPORT_PLUGIN2(waveplugin, WavePlugin)
WavePlugin
, setSourceName() ,
Qt QFile. ,
setSourceName()
WAV-. - wav
, MP3.
.
, WAVE_FORMAT_PCM,
, fmt. . affirmative.wav, . WAVE_FORMAT_PCM , , , .
Q_EXPORT_PLUGIN2(). ,
, WavePlugin
Qt. , TARGET Qt. .
. waveplugin.dll Windows libwaveplugin.so
Linux. ,
.
plugindemo waveplugin
. Qt , : .
446
III.
. ,
. . ,
,
plugindemo. , .
. ( 13.6).
13.6.
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
QString pluginName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,
trUtf8(" "), "",
trUtf8(" (*.dll *.so)"));
if (pluginName != "") {
QPluginLoader loader(pluginName);
audioSource = loader.instance();
if (!audioSource) {
QMessageBox::critical(this, QString::fromUtf8(""),
QString::fromUtf8(" ."));
return;
}
audioSourceInterface =
qobject_cast<AudioSourceInterface *>(audioSource);
if (!audioSourceInterface)
}
}
QPluginLoader. , , ,
QPluginLoader, . , . instance() , , QObject. -
, 0. isLoaded() , .
errorString() ,
.
unload().
audioSource QObject *.
, , ,
13. Qt
447
AudioSourceInterface.
qobject_cast().
, ,
.
QAudioOutput. QAudioOutput
- "" (. . , - ).

, ,
, , ,
, . . , WAV-
( ).
QAudioOutput "" (
Qt, ),
.
QAudioOutput,
Qt :
QT += multimedia
QAudioOutput
AudioSourceInterface ( 13.7).
13.7. QAudioOutput
if (!audioSourceInterface) {
return;
}
audioSourceInterface->clearError();
QString fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,
trUtf8(" "), "", trUtf8(" WAV (*.wav)"));
if (fileName.isEmpty())
return;
audioSourceInterface->setSourceName(fileName);
if (!audioSourceInterface->getLastError().isEmpty()) {
audioSourceInterface->getLastError());
return;
}
ui->pushButton->setEnabled(false);
QAudioFormat format;
format.setFrequency(audioSourceInterface->getSampleRate());
format.setChannels(audioSourceInterface->getChannels());
format.setSampleSize(audioSourceInterface->getBPS());
format.setCodec("audio/pcm");
III.
448
format.setByteOrder(QAudioFormat::LittleEndian);
format.setSampleType(QAudioFormat::UnSignedInt);
QAudioDeviceInfo info(QAudioDeviceInfo::defaultOutputDevice());
if (!info.isFormatSupported(format)) {
qWarning() << QString::fromUtf8(" .");
return;
}
audio = new QAudioOutput(format, this);
audio->setBufferSize(audioSourceInterface->getFrameSize()*frames);
connect(audio, SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAudio::State)), this,
SLOT(finished(QAudio::State)));
audioOut = audio->start();
QAudioFormat.
format
,
AudioSourceInterface. format , , , ,
. isFormatSupported() QAudioDeviceInfo.

, , . , , ,
.
,
QAudioOutput, setBufferSize()
start(). ,
QIODevice, , .
, , .
Windows .
, Qt. :
? -, Qt
Qt, . -,
Qt ,
Qt. Windows, Linux , , AIX, , Qt . . ,
Qt . , Qt, ,
, Qt. -
13. Qt
449
, ,
Qt , , , . ,
, Qt,
, , .
QLibrary
, ,
, . QLibrary.
, , , ,
Qt
. QLibrary ( ).
.
, , .
QLibrary -.
QLibrary, , ,

.
, QLibrary
, . ,

(
). , ,
, .
, , ,
QLibrary ,
. , Linux,
,
QLibrary ,
LD_LIBRARY_PATH, . .
,
- , . : LoadLibrary(), FreeLibrary(),
GetProcAddress() Windows, dlopen(), dlclose(), dlsym()
Linux . . QLibrary, . resolve() .
14
Qt
, Qt
. Qt
. Qt ?
, . , Qt . Qt
, , , XML-,
, ,
, .
Qt,
- ?

, ,
, Windows
Linux.
. . Far Midnight Commander. .
ping.

(, , ). ,
.

Qt , (, ). , , , . Qt ( 14.1).
14. Qt
451
14.1. Qt
#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
return a.exec();
}
main() Qt.
QApplication
QCoreApplication, main().
exec(). .
Qt
. ,
, , . , , .
.
, - ,
gui. Qt
:
QT -= gui
QT += core
CONFIG += console
, Qt ,
.
. , , . , , .

C++
cin cout. , Qt,
,
Qt, QString. , ,
Qt C++ cin
cout, , , . QTextStream ( 14.2).
III.
452
14.2 /
#include
#include
#include
#include
<QtCore/QCoreApplication>
<QTextStream>
<cstdio>
<QString>

{
ConsoleApplication a(argc, argv);
QTextStream qtin(stdin, QIODevice::ReadOnly);
QTextStream qtout(stdout, QIODevice::WriteOnly);
QString line = "";
while (line != "q") {
qtin >> line;
qtout << line << endl;
}
return a.exec();
}
QTextStream QIODevice
.
/, QTextStream
stdin, stdout.
14.2
, , q. , , , . , . . ,
. ? , .
. Qt , , . .
, ? QCoreApplication quit(),
. , , - .
- , , , ,
. main(), . -. QThread QTimer ,
quit(). , , .
14. Qt
453
QCoreApplication postEvent(),
, main().
Qt , ( QCloseEvent, , ). ( 14.3).
14.3.
#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
#include <QTextStream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <QString>
#include <QEvent>
const QEvent::Type AppExitEventType =
static_cast<QEvent::Type>(QEvent::User + 1);
class AppExitEvent : public QEvent
{
public:
ExitEvent() : QEvent(AppExitEventType) {}
};
class ConsoleApplication : public QCoreApplication
{
public:
ConsoleApplication(int argc, char ** argv)
:QCoreApplication(argc, argv) {}
protected:
void customEvent ( QEvent * event )
{
if (event->type() == AppExitEventType)
QCoreApplication::quit();
else
QCoreApplication::customEvent(event);
}
};
{
QString line = "";
while (line != "q") {
qtin >> line;
qtout << line << endl;
}
III.
454
AppExitEvent * e = new ExitEvent();
QCoreApplication::postEvent(&a, e);
return a.exec();
}
: , , .
ExitEvent. ,
QEvent type(), , . ,
type(), event(), , , . , type() . Qt .
,
QEvent::User QEvent::MaxUser ( 55 535 , ). AppExitEventType
AppExitEvent. AppExitEvent
QEvent ,
AppExitEventType. ,

AppExitEvent * e = new ExitEvent();
QEvent * e = new QEvent(AppExitEventType);
, . , Qt
,
.

. , . ,
, customEvent(). - QCoreApplication,
. customEvent() , QCoreApplication::quit()
, , . . . "" :
AppExitEvent.
/, ,
, C++. , . ,
. , ,
14. Qt
455
- , , , , , - .
, , ( 14.4).
14.4.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
<QtCore/QCoreApplication>
<QTextStream>
<cstdio>
<QString>
<QEvent>
<QThread>
<QSocketNotifier>
const QEvent::Type AppExitEventType =

static_cast<QEvent::Type>(QEvent::User + 1);
class ConsoleApplication : public QCoreApplication
{
public:
ConsoleApplication(int argc, char ** argv)
:QCoreApplication(argc, argv) {}
protected:
void customEvent ( QEvent * event )
{
if (event->type() == AppExitEventType)
QCoreApplication::quit();
else
QCoreApplication::customEvent(event);
}
};
class IOThread : public QThread
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
IOThread() : QThread(0) {}
public slots:
void newData(const QString &data)
{
qtout << data << endl;
}
III.
456
void threadFinished()
{
QEvent * e = new QEvent(AppExitEventType);
QCoreApplication::postEvent(QCoreApplication::instance(), e);
}
signals:
void haveData(const QString &data);
protected:
void run()
{
connect(this, SIGNAL(haveData(const QString &)), this,
SLOT(newData(const QString &)), Qt::QueuedConnection);
connect(this, SIGNAL(finished()), this,
SLOT(threadFinished()), Qt::QueuedConnection);
QString line = "";
while(line != "q") {
qtin >> line;
emit haveData(line);
}
}
};
{
IOThread thread;
thread.start();
return a.exec();
}
#include "main.moc"
IOThread::run() . , haveData() . ,
haveData(),
. .
, . ,
Qt::QueuedConnection, , ,
main(). , - - QObject,
parent this, . . IOThread. , IOThread main(), ,
,
14. Qt
457
main(). main(), main() ? , -, . , ,

. ,
, , , - , .
, ,
:
#include "main.moc"
main.cpp , main.moc,
.
, main.moc (
).

, ,
, ,
. ,
. Windows , UNIX- .
Qt ,
. Qt Solutions, ,
Qt. Qt Solutions , (
).
Qt Solutions , , , .
qtservice ( qtservice-2.6_1-opensource.zip
QtService, .
Windows Linux. , ,
. , .
, . , ,
.
. , Windows
458
III.
(Service Control Manager) ,

. , , .
,
. ,
, , ,
Windows UNIX-
. qtservice
- ,
, .
QtService QtServiceController, , .
Windows UNIX-. Windows
Service Control Manager,
, , , UNIX
.
QtService , : , (,
QCoreApplication), , ""
(, Web-), QtServiceBase, , .
QtServiceBase
(QtService QtServiceBase). ,
Qt, . , QtService .
QCoreApplication . , QtService ,
, ( 14.5).
14.5. HTTP
class HttpService : public QtService<QCoreApplication>
{
public:
HttpService(int argc, char **argv)
: QtService<QCoreApplication>(argc, argv, "Qt HTTP Daemon")
{
setServiceDescription(
"A dummy HTTP service implemented with Qt");
setServiceFlags(QtServiceBase::CanBeSuspended);
}
14. Qt
459
protected:
void start()
{
QCoreApplication *app = application();
quint16 port = (app->argc() > 1) ?
QString::fromLocal8Bit(app->argv()[1]).toUShort() : 8080;
daemon = new HttpDaemon(port, app);
if (!daemon->isListening()) {
logMessage(QString("Failed to bind to port %1")
.arg(daemon->serverPort()), QtServiceBase::Error);
app->quit();
}
}
void pause()
{
daemon->pause();
}
void resume()
{
daemon->resume();
}
private:
HttpDaemon * daemon;
};
. HttpService
QtService, QtServiceBase. QCoreApplication. HttpDaemon
HTTP. application()
-.
QCoreApplication, QCoreApplication.
HttpService QCoreApplication, ( 14.6).
14.6. HttpService
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
HttpService service(argc, argv);
return service.exec();
}
460
III.
, , Web- (. 14.1). ,
, , ,
( HttpDaemon
QTcpServer, ).
. 14.1. , QtService
15
QML
Qt , -,
" ", . - C++ Qt library,
QML (Qt Meta-Object Language, Qt)).
QML , JavaScript. ,
, . , ,
QDial "" (. 15.1)?
. 15.1.
,
QML
, JavaScript. , , QML
, , Qt . ,
Qt qmlviewer, , , QML.
"Hello World" QML ( 15.1).
Qt.
462
III.
15.1. QML
import QtQuick 1.0
Rectangle {
id: page
width: 500; height: 200
color: "lightgray"
Text {
id: helloText
text: "Hello world!"
y: 30
anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter
font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true
}
,
. Qt 4.7 Qt 4.7.1 QML (, ). ,
4.7 import QtQuick 1.0
import Qt 4.7. , ,
Qt 4.7 Qt 4.7.1, , Qt 4.7.1. Qt , . !
, QML , , . Qt 4.7, , . . HTML, XML QML ( 15.2).
15.2. QML
{
{
...
}
...
}
Rectangle ( ) Text, . .
QML ( , HTML)
( ). 15.1 , Rectangle , . ,
Rectangle id, QML
Rectangle . ,
15. QML
463
, , . :
anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter
Text . , , ,
. , id.
QML , ,
QGraphicsView. , Qt
QML QDeclarativeView,
QGraphicsView. , Graphics View
Framework, ,
. QML
QGraphicsScene.
QML , Qt? ! qmlviewer, "" QML, Qt, ,
, Qt. ,
QML , ,
.
QML Qt ( , ). , Qt, QML, .
, Dialog, QDialog. ,
QML, ( 15.3).
15.3. QML
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
QDeclarativeView *qmlView = new QDeclarativeView;
qmlView->setSource(QUrl("qrc:/helloworld.qml"));
QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout(this);
layout->addWidget(qmlView);
qmlView->show();
}
, QML Qt
QDeclarativeView, (
464
III.
qmlView).
QML ,
setSource(), QML QUrl. , QML- Qt . , QML (
qrc). .
QML ,

. QML
( ) . .
qmlView
. ,
, qmlviewer (, qml,
setSource(), ).
:
QT += declarative
, Qt, QML. QDeclarativeView ( , QML, ) <QtDeclarative/QDeclarativeView>.

,
QML, helloworld.qml ,
( ,
). ,
QML.
, QML ( , ),
, QML.
,
Qt QML, , , , QML , . . .
QML ( 15.4), . interactive.qml.
http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/ch15.
15.4. interactie.qml
import QtQuick 1.0
Rectangle {
width: 120
15. QML
465
height: 40
color: palette.background
TextInput {
id: ti
anchors.centerIn: parent
color: palette.foreground
text: "blue"
}
MouseArea {
anchors.fill: parent
onClicked: {
palette.background = ti.text;
ti.focus = true;
}
}
}
QML: MouseArea TextInput.

, MouseArea, , ,
. anchors.fill: parent MouseArea ,
, Rectangle. , MouseArea
, Qt. onClicked
,
MouseArea, . . Rectangle.
,
TextInput. ( , , ). TextInput ti, onClicked. ti.focus = true; TextInput
, .
text TextInput ,
,
. palette, , , ( palette.background)
( palette.foreground).
"blue" palette.background . , ( ).
palette. "yellow",
, "" . , , , QML. palette? -
III.
466
QML, Qt. Qt- CustomPalette, palette.h ( 15.5).

15.5. CustomPalette
class CustomPalette : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(QColor background READ background WRITE setBackground
NOTIFY backgroundChanged)
Q_PROPERTY(QColor foreground READ foreground WRITE setForeground
NOTIFY foregroundChanged)
public:
CustomPalette();
QColor background() const;
void setBackground(const QColor &c);
QColor foreground() const;
void setForeground(const QColor &c);
signals:
void foregroundChanged();
void backgroundChanged();
private:
QColor m_background;
QColor m_foreground;
};

CustomPalette Qt- palette,
QML, , Qt
, QtScript.
, : background foreground. , Q_PROPERTY(),

, C++, , Qt , , QML. Qt, background? setBackground(), , , ( 15.6),
m_background, background,
background(), . setBackground() m_foreground,
foreground , background
. setBackground() : backgroundChanged()
foregroundChanged(). , Qt
. ,
QML. , .
15. QML
467
NOTIFY Q_PROPERTY(). , , Rectangle. color: palette.background ,

palette.background, , backgroundChanged(),
, palette.background
.
palette.foreground.
15.6. CustomPalette
CustomPalette::CustomPalette() : m_background(Qt::white),
m_foreground(Qt::black) {}
QColor CustomPalette::background() const { return m_background; }
void CustomPalette::setBackground(const QColor &c) {
if (c != m_background) {
m_background = c;
QRgb fg = c.rgb();
fg = 0xFFFFFF fg;
m_foreground.setRgb(fg);
emit backgroundChanged();
emit foregroundChanged();
}
}
QColor CustomPalette::foreground() const { return m_foreground; }
void CustomPalette::setForeground(const QColor &c) {
if (c != m_foreground) {
m_foreground = c;
emit foregroundChanged();
}
}
, , QML , CustomPalette
QColor. , QColor
, .
, , .
CustomPalette palette QML.
qmlView. , ,
QML
CustomPalette.
, , Qt, QML. ,
QML , Rectangle
TextInput. QDeclarativeView
III.
468
QML "" QDeclarativeContext.

, QML, , , (, ) QML Qt. QML ( Rectangle)
QDeclarativeContext, rootContext()
qmlView QDeclarativeView. , , QML , ,
.

, QDeclarativeContext QScriptContext , .
, :
qmlView->rootContext()->setContextProperty("palette", new CustomPalette);
qmltest.cpp () palette
Rectangle. . ,
palette.
, qmltest ( 15.7).
15.7. qmltest
qmltest::qmltest(QWidget *parent, Qt::WFlags flags)
: QDialog(parent, flags)
{
ui.setupUi(this);
qmlView->setSource(QUrl("qrc:/interactive.qml"));
qmlView->rootContext()->setContextProperty("palette",
new CustomPalette);
}
(. 15.2).
. 15.2.
QML
15. QML
469
QML Qt
QML "" ,
Qt. QML Dial Qt 4.7.1. , Qt 4.7.1,
4.7.2, 4.7.3 , , , .
QML Dial Qt , QML ( , QML ).
QML Qt. , QML .
QML Dial , .
"" Qt,
.
, QML , , , (
). , , QML Image{}. HTML <img...>, , .
Image{} :
Image { source: "background.png" }
( Dial.qml, Dial png). ,

. background.png. , . , QML Qt Graphics View Framework,
,
.
(
).
, , , source,
Image{} QML x, y,
scale, rotation, transform, anchors . ,
, . , -, .
Image{}.
, fillMode: Image.Tile.
scale, rotation transform, ,
III.
470
, . ,
( 15.8).
15.8.
transform: Rotation {
origin.x: 9; origin.y: 67
angle: needleRotation.angle
}
image,
( ). Rotation
( , , , ).
( 15.9).
15.9.
Image {
id: needle
x: 98; y: 33
smooth: true
source: "needle.png"
transform: Rotation {
id: needleRotation
origin.x: 5; origin.y: 65
//! [needle angle]
angle: root.angle
Behavior on angle {
SpringAnimation {
spring: 1.4
damping: .15
}
}
//! [needle angle]
}
}
.
, true smooth ,
(
) , "", . . , (
needle.png) , -
15. QML
471
. ,
,
, (. 15.3).
. 15.3.
Qt
Rotation , ,
. Behavior on angle {} ,
, . SpringAnimation
. spring ,
, damping .
. visible,
QML, image, .
, , angle needlrRotation , root.angle. C++ , , , QML
,

, . . QML
(property binding). angle: root.angle
root.angle angle,
. , ,
, JavaScript (, . .).

QML, , , , (
, "" ,
). ,
QML , ,
Qt .
, ,
QML PropertyChanges {}.
III.
472

, ,
- ,
.

, overlay.png. ,
PNG ,
. , QML. -, ,
, .
. Rectangle
( 15.10).
15.10. Rectangle Text
Rectangle {
x: 61
y: 118
width: 80
height: 36
color: "black"
border.color: "#888888"
}
Text {
color: "green"
text: root.angle/2 + 50
x: 80
y: 114
font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true
style: Text.Raised
styleColor: "black"
}
border.color, . Text , .
, , , , ,
, ,
.
QML
Qt. , ,
15. QML
473
. . QML
Qt Dial ( 15.11).
15.11. Dial
class Dial : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(int angle READ angle WRITE setAngle NOTIFY angleChanged)
public:
Dial();
int angle();
void setAngle(int a);
signals:
void angleChanged();
private:
int m_angle;
};
. angle. , setAngle()
angleChanged(), QML ,
. , , angleChanged()
.
Qt, , QML, angle
angle() ( READ Q_PROPERTY).
- Qt . Qt ( 15.12).
15.12. Qt
dial = new Dial();
qmlView->rootContext()->setContextProperty("Dial", dial);
qmlView->setSource(QUrl("qrc:/Dial/Dial.qml"));
,
QML . Qt QML
( URL) .
QML , , QML -
474
III.
. , , . QML . ,
: ,
QML XDG, , . , QML Qt: . QML
Photoshop ( GIMP).
, ,
, , , QML , " " .
setContextProperty()
. . , , setContextProperty():
void setContextProperty(const QString & name, const QVariant & value)
QML ,
, QVariant. :
qmlView->rootContext()->setContextProperty("HelloText", trUtf8("Hello World!");
, , QML , . QML ,
public slots. ,
Dial int angleToPos(int angle), Dial.qml
:
property int angleToPos : dial.angleToPos(angle)
QML , ,
QML. -, Linux
QML ,
. Windows Qt :
Windows, ( , ).
, ,
,
, .
QDeclarativeError ,
toString().
QString ( 15.13), errors , QList.
15. QML
475
15.13. QML
errors = qmlView->errors();
for(int i = 0; i < errors.count(); i++)
MessageBox::critical(this, QString::fromUtf8(" QML:"),
errors.at(i).toString());
, , , , errors()
, . . ,
. , ,
, QML

.
Linux ( ) , MessageBox. , , ,
Dial QML, setSource().
setSource() QML
Dial, , ,
, . , setSource(),
, .
, , , , Qt,
, QDeclarativeView (
, QGraphicsView). :
qmlView->setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Background);
, ,
,
QML. QML, ,
QSlider. sliderChanged() .
Dial
sliderChanged() , .
QML
QML
QML, Qt. , . qmlproject. ,
QML. , QML ( 15.14).
476
III.
15.14. QML
Project {
/* Include .qml, .js, and image files
from current directory and subdirectories */
QmlFiles {
directory: "."
}
JavaScriptFiles {
directory: "."
}
ImageFiles {
directory: "."
}
/* List of plugin directories passed to QML runtime */
// importPaths: [ " ../exampleplugin " ]
}
qmlproject QML,
QML , , . QML,
import. QmlProject , , 1.0. Project,
. , QML "Project{}", Rectangle{} MouseArea{}. QML ,
, . ,
. , QML .
qmlproject QML.
, , Qt Creator,
. Qt Creator QML, ,
, C++ (. 15.4).
QML , Qt (
). QML Qt Creator
qmviewer. , Qt Creator
Qt, QML.
qmlproject. QmlFiles{},
JavaScriptFiles{} ImageFiles{} .
directory, ,
QML, JavaScript .
, . importPaths,
15. QML
477
, ,
, ,
, .
, , JavaScript, QML
, ,
QML ( ,
import) QML , .
. 15.4. QML Qt Creator

,

, . ,
,
. QML, , , ,
QML -
478
III.
, ,
. , , , ,
. QML . , Qt 4.7, ( , , )
Qt 4.7.1, Qt 4.8. , , , QML :
LineEdit TextInput, MouseRegion
MouseArea;
( id) QML
, ;
, ,
QML, , ;
QML , -
, .
clocks
QML. clocks, Qt.
clocks (. 15.5), , , ""
.
. 15.5. clocks
. , (. 15.6).
QML , , , , -
15. QML
479
.
: , , .
Row{}. . , , , ( 15.15).
. 15.6. clocks
15.15. ,
Row {
Rectangle {
...
}
Rectangle {
id : leftCell
...
}
Rectangle {
anchors.left : leftCell.right
...
}
}
(
, , ,
. .), anchors, left right. , , anchors.left right
, , , id.
480
III.
. , , ,
. text TextInput Text ( , ).
. , ,
.
,
, QML
. , . ( , "" ).

. , .
, , ( , ).
. 15.16 Item,
.
15.16. Item,
Item {
id: cell1; width: 40; height: 25
Rectangle {
id : rect1; color: "blue"; border.color: "white"; anchors.fill: parent
}
MouseArea {
id : mouseArea; anchors.fill: parent; onClicked: root.color = "blue"
}
states: State {
name: "down"; when: mouseArea.pressed == true
PropertyChanges { target: rect1; border.color : "#000088";
border.width : 2 }
}
transitions: Transition {
from: ""; to: "down"; reversible: true
}
}
states Item ( cell1) .
15. QML
481
"down", cell1,
. PropertyChanges . rect1, . , " " QML " ".
, transitions . "down".
, reversible true, ,
"down" , , "down". "down".
, ,
. ,
. color, ,
, , , . ,
( 15.17).
15.17.
ParallelAnimation {
ColorAnimation { duration:500}
NumberAnimation { duration:500}
}
,
, , .
, , QML . clocks ,
.
qmlviewer
, qmlviewer , .
, , . , ,
, ?
qmlviewer? , QML . QML ,
.
qmlviewer . Linux, Windows -
482
III.
, QML .
, Windows , ,
Linux, Windows , - . qmlviewer (. 15.7).
Debugging () | Show warnings... ( ) ,
, . qmlviewer QML
. <F5>.
. 15.7. qmlviewer
, , qmlviewer ,
,
. , Qt Creator QML . , qmlviewer qmlproject,
. QML,
. , ,
. , . ,
qmlviewer QML HTTP
HTTP-.
QML, ,
QML Qt, .

,
,
Qt. , Qt,
. , , , ,
QML.
, , , Qt ,
.
Borland-Embarcadero,
, Qt
,
, . Qt
(open source software). ,
Qt, Nokia, , Qt .
VCL MFC Qt Delphi Language C++.
( ) , ,
- ( Qt ,
). , C++ Qt , Delphi,
VCL MFC. , , , Qt " " , , , , Qt,
.
, ,
(, , , ).
anb@symmetrica.net.
, ,
, , http://symmetrica.net/qt47book/.

1. ., . UML 2 .
- , 2- . .:
-, 2007.
2. . .
, .: , 2005.
3. ., . . .: , 2006.
4. . . . .: , 2003.
5. . , . .: , 2002.
6. Qt Online Reference Documentation (http://doc.qt.nokia.com).
7. Qt, (http://doc.crossplatform.ru).

A
accept(), 68, 266
addDatabase(), 235
addMapping(), 263
addPixmap(), 356
addState(), 406
addTransition(), 405
addWidget(), 35, 360
Arthur 271
Aspell 318
C
checkSyntax(), 420
ChooseFontLayout, 35
CMake 19, 57, 92
collidingItems(), 359
cppcheck 133
D
database(), 237
deleteLater(), 73
Drag and Drop 66
dragEnterEvent(), 66
dropEvent(), 66
E
Eclipse 17
ECMAScript 418
event(), 64
eventFilter(), 73
G
GDB 125
getDisplayValue(), 249
GLSL 281
GNU build system 18

Graphics View Framework 340
I
installEventFilter(), 73
installTranslator(), 28
Interview Framework 96, 235
itemAt(), 359
K
keyPressEvent(), 63
L
lrelease, 27
lupdate, 25
M
MainWindow, 66
map(), 226
mapToItem(), 358
mapToScene(), 358
Microsoft Visual Studio 15
mpg123 107
N
newFunction(), 428
newQObject(), 421
notify(), 65
NULL 242
O
ODBC 235
OpenCL 293
486
OpenGL 272
Opera 388
P
postEvent(), 69
Process Monitor, 231
processEvents(), 72
Q
QAbstractAnimation, 414
QAbstractItemDelegate, 96, 251
QAbstractItemModel, 96
QAbstractItemView, 96
QAction, 41, 240, 327
QApplication, 21
QAtomicInt, 181
QAtomicPointer, 206
QAudioDeviceInfo, 448
QAudioFormat, 448
QAudioOutput, 447
QBuffer, 307
QCLContext, 297
QComboBox, 35, 269
QCoreApplication, 451
QDataWidgetMapper, 263
QDeclarativeView, 463
QDialog, 32, 264
QEvent, 64, 454
QFile, 226
QFileDialog, 47
QFinalState, 406
QFormLayout, 31
QGLBuilder, 290
QGLContext, 276
QGLDome, 290
QGLFormat, 276
QGLInfo, 292
QGLMaterial, 291
QGLPainter, 286
QGLSceneNode, 289
QGLShader, 280
QGLShaderProgram, 280
QGLTexture2D, 289
QGLView, 287, 288
QGLWidget, 272, 276
QGraphicsAnchorLayout, 389
QGraphicsGridLayout, 391
QGraphicsItem, 341, 356
QGraphicsLayout, 389
QGraphicsObject, 342
QGraphicsPixmapItem, 356
QGraphicsProxyWidget, 361
QGraphicsScene, 341, 359, 360
QGraphicsView, 341, 380
QGraphicsWebView, 392
QGraphicsWidget, 342, 388, 389, 395
QGrid, 31
QHBox, 31
QImage, 299
QImageReader, 301
QIODevice, 307, 448
QLabel, 300
QLibrary, 449
QLineEdit, 61, 257
QMainWindow, 274
qmake, 22
QMenu, 327
QML 461
qmlviewer, 461, 481
QModelIndex, 239
QMutex, 189
QMutexLocker, 189
qmviewer, 476
QObject, 28
QPaintEngine, 271
QPainter, 273, 337
QParallelAnimationGroup, 414
QPicture, 299
QPixmap, 274, 299, 302
QPlane3D, 287
QPluginLoader, 446
QPoint, 327
QPointer, 105
QPropertyAnimation, 414
QRay3D, 287
QRect, 301
QRegExp, 347
QResource, 52
QRunnable, 218
QScopedPointer, 106
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QScriptValue, 420
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QSemaphore, 192
QSequentialAnimationGroup, 414
QSharedMemory, 189
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QSignalTransition, 404
QSizePolicy, 36
QSpinBox, 35
QSqlDatabase, 235
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QTextEdit, 317
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QTextTableCell, 317
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QThreadPool, 219
QThreadStorage, 188
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II. ..................................................................... 165

7. Interview Framework .................................................... 235

QTextDocument ............................................. 328

10. Graphics View Framework ....................................................... 340

III. ................................................ 401

12. Qt .................................................................... 418

13. Qt ............................................ 437

14. Qt ................................................................... 450

15. QML .................................................................................................. 461

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