;/

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110



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1) 8. "Soar!ng Blrds". Nature, VoL 1. 11.
2) "Etude sur vo1 plane". L'Aeronautc 1891.
1'"

3.

D
2.

t)
D 2),

D








2)


3) 1\

v', h

..







h
..

t1 = 2-g'ii:



6 3 3 11

3
110 I!
v + v
'.


1) Davidson, Scientific Ame1
9
ican: 27 1871.
2)
1891.
4


'1'1'0
v',
h'.
1,

I l' ... 1-',:1 V 1:'
J,' :.=; . ' . _ . . = J, +
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J
' 1 t'V'
, .._ / = - _ .
!l
11'1'11111\
11


11 11





yrJl1l









(ibf -

l':! -1- r;''J V'2
J/' - .. - ... -- J,
- I
11
Magnus 1)

4

1) MagnuB nUIlC nouvel1e Kur 10 \1'01 (les oiseaux,
genernle dCII /lclellcel! et uppHqueclI. 1800, 787.



fI ("
11 ('('

;tI!f' {1MI1t 11
d :'11"0 )(
11 (1 i l 'I.
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Davidson. .
,

Mouillard 2)





- Marey8).
1) Weyher, ,.Observa.tlons 16 vo1plane L'Aerouautc,ll)I}O.
2) L'empire de 1'air. 1881_
Le vol des OiS6UX, Ps.ris, 1800.
6






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1) 2)
3)

Otto Lilienthal. Rayleigh



7)
1) Ra.ylelgh, "The Soa.ril1g N:l.ture, Vol. 1.
7
7.

Rayleigh

JI


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2
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2
+4
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2mw'.




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D

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1
) .
Airy 2)



1) Pa.rseval, Die Mechanik Vogelftugs. Wiebbaden 1889, 122-
2) Hubert Airy, of Bir<ls", 'Nattlre, 'Vol. XXVI1I, 1 596.
'11
8.













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w.

IL -




11 1\.










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f 2.




ny'I'eJA.
t) Ullentbal, Der Vogelfiug alH Grundlage der . Fliegekunst. ,,,
Berlln 1&39, 81.
9
(2)

11

9) i

1):
II = 0)13St:
2
811 i . . . . . . . (1)
F

<-'11,"11>1 110
v
\
N =0,18 S i i f

R

8
i
yr..rl& 160)
F N.

i Lilientll&12),

..
.

(2)
v",

11

..


(2),

-

11 V n z i n 11)

118,
vanzini ..
1) Coupil, La locoIriotion Cllarleville 1884, pag, 87.
2) Otto Lilienthal, Der Vogel:flug als Grundlage der Fliegekul\8t.
Berlin 1889,
Avanzini, Instituto nationale ita1iano, 1. 1,
]0



Avanzini




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9)

L (3)
i=o,







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110 i

i

.
l? := = ;

i

1f


1) Jot!lIsol, Melllorlal du G6nle Marttlme, 1870.
l) K\lmnlUr, Uebor dle Wlrkung dcs Berlln 1875.
11

10.

10) BDE
D
V)










; - j.
v

CBj. sni. (1)






...... (5)
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2
csj i (4)
R
v


. F =0,13 v
2
ClJ2j

i \
N = 0,13 S v
2
cs
2
j i i 1
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.



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fl
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18.
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0,13S i cs i
'


. . (7)
. (8)
. (9)
dz
d "l = ----

1 de snede
ds - dz
(6)

(10)
(11)
h

(10) (11)
v
/;2 = - = 2 z(g +2 g h.

v z

(7)
.
v
2
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. . . . . (12)
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2
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L
12),
14
.. (14)
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(J =
110 (11),






=2 g -1- },)
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15.

-- 2 "


. . . . (1.5)

80.

t) ";
vJi cs6
0
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d,z
([ii


(16).
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h
3 8()
= 2"'
(16)
33.
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0
) (11)
12),


2 == 0,13Ssn-[2-i); .(18)

..

,

3
..
16
(1(1),

2
80> ' (1 "/, .. . (19)
z + /, ==
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1
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2
. (20)

(16)
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--r-- . .L-_._

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'1

f
Q.
h,
2
60.




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cs6() <f}.(J.1l.
. . . . (22)
(22)


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(20)
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....
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(16)
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h:

,
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8'20
. . . . (26)
(24),
= Z +h
(16).

(13),
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v =

D, D
Doo (26)

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mv
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mv
2
d -"2-= 9 dz - F d 8
' ,
n .
, - 9
z d 8 .
22


N'
N

,'t.,
6 )2 rt
== }\i , . . .. (27)
II
N'.
11 (20) (27) F, N, N'

O,13.S.l.'s2jsnicsi
?:=

... (28)
O,138csjsnjSt1ti
- -

(29)
(30)
(31)
.
(10) (11),
(14).


.
.
(12), (28f '
(31):
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g
v:! =
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R -.------ .._-_.....
, = O,13Ssnj csjsni
. . . (:32)
R

..
i j.





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(31), ll,p

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f
'
cs68n6 (341
h
cs (1
(24).
i
(30)


5.

110-





xyz.
24

110 01/



110
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rt
.- ([ t I
w
11&


11: :: [, - - z ,
11 ,

- 111 =::: _ = v (36)
dt dz dt
v 3.


(10) (1)
+RIl .i} + = .Jl.'?! (36)
d l' v
2
+'2aJr"co6ck.
(36) (37)

(10) (11). tJ

(12).

fI
25
(25);
It:
(38)

(39)
(24).


...



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- (4)
j.
T8,I\01&
(38) Clllp,
(4).
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110-

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V
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oh' - V .
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rp' =
=(] 11,11 1
26


(2;, /l
(28), 11 i
tJ/1 + 1/ := ,



(je:J

110
6.


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z,

..

.- = 8t' (_?; .t ) . (41)
D

16. '
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16)
7'
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- eDA


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lp,
(34), 1'&

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h.
,.
('5' (27:) d
g t
1,
. (43)
(16),
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Brehm






Brehm


, 7. wry
Hubert
Airy Otto LilieIlthal.






u
W,
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28
. '. \
; ; .. :
11 4,

rl
n 1111.
(32),
i
1)2 ::: j i ='j,-;;-:i . . . (44)
R
0110 (iy
:l
ctg2 i ctgj . . . . . (45)

R
u.


fiy
R.



(12) (31) r
(28).
Otto Lilienth81

8)
cd .
.





17.






17.


S. llerIDann & <':u.
30