. .

- .: , 1994. - 336 .
.

.
devanAgarI.
- ,
, .

! ,
, ,
.
..,
.. ( 12 1836 ).

- ,
.
;
, ,
.
II - I .. -
,
. , , , (veda -
) .
.
XV - ..
(saWhita): (Rgveda) , (yajurveda) -
, (sAmaveda) - , (atharvaveda) -
( ), .

: (brAhmaNa) - , (AraNyaka - . "
, ") - (upaniXad . " (
)") - , , -
.
(upaveda), -
(Ayurveda) - .
,
(saWskRta - ", ").
.
I .. III - IV ..
(mahAbhArata) - " () " (rAmAyaNa) -
" ". .
-
. , ,
,
.
 (smRti - ", ") -
, (purANa - ", ") -
. (tantra - ", ") -
.
-
IV - VII . : -
(paVcatantra) - " ", (hitopadeSa) - "
" , - , ;
, ; - (III .),
(V .), (IV - V .); (V - VI .) .
:
- ,
, (SAstra) - ,

.

, ,
- (sUtra). XI
.
- , ,
, .
-
, .
V - IV . ..
(pANini) "" (aX[AdhyAyi).
,
.
"" .
, ( )
. .

- ,
, ( ).
(pAli) (prAkRta - . ",
") -
( ) .
.

. , ,
.

.
. ;
; ;
.
,
.

***

XVIII - XIX .
1786
.
" , , , -
, - , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
; , ,
 , ,
o , " (. "A Reader in Nineteenth-Century
Historical Indo-European Linguistics". Bloomington - London, 1967, p. 10).
XIX
.
,
( - bhagavadgItA),
, . XIX

.

- .
,
, .
- ,
, , ,
, .
XIX , "
" (. ), , "",
.
, (. , . , . )
, .
, -,
(. , .. , .. ),
. -
, ,
XIX ( ) . , "
" .
,
" " (. , . ).
XX .

, (XVIII . ..)
,
. , XX
. -
XIX
(" " .. .. , .
, . ).
"" .
, -
.

- .
,
.
,
. ,
.

(.. , . , .. ).
.
, " , " (..
). , (tatsama)
(tadbhava). "" - ,
, ,
. -
, .

.
 .
,
- ,
- ,
.

, , ,
, ...
" ", . . ,
.
. ,
, .

***

" "
- ,
, .
, , -,
, , ,

.
- ,
-
.

,
.
, ,
.

, , ,
, . .
.

.
, . " " ,
, , ,
.
, , - -
.
,
-
.
devanAgari.
devanAgari, 4-5 .
devanAgari " "
.
, ( )
devanAgari.
devanAgari .
,
, V
.
 () VIII.

, , ,
.
, ,
.
-
.
, - : ,
.
, .

. -
, .
(). ,
- ,
- ...
, .
, - .
,
.
, ,

-
( , saWdhi).

.
,

.
, . . , .
. ,
, , . .
,
, . ,
.
.
, , 3
;
.
,

.
,
.

( ),
(MahAbhArata II, III RAmAyaNa I), (MAnava - DharmaSAstra
VI, YAjVavalkya - SmRti II, Kau[ilIya - ArthaSAstra I), (PaVcatantra I, HitopadeSa)
(KAlidAsa, BhartRhari) . [
.: .. - . "
", 1978; 2- - 1987; - . 10 - ""; - "KumArasaWbhava of KAlidAsa". Ed.
by M.R. Kale "The NIti and VairAgyam Satakas of BhartRhari". Ed. by M.R. Kale. Delhi-Patna-
Varasi, 1974.]
. [R. Antoine. A Sanskrit
Manual for High Schools. Calcutta. Part I, Seventh Edition - 1972, Part II, Forth Edition - 1970.
R.G. Bhandarkar. First book of Sanskrit. Fortysecond Edition. Bombay, 1988; Second book of
Sanskrit. Twenty seventh Edition. Bombay, 1988.
V.N. Bharadwaj. Elementary Sanskrit Manual. New Delhi. Part II - 1976, Part III - 1975. D.R.
 Gupta. SamskRtAmRtam. Dilli, 1959.
Vidyasagar K.L. Sastri. SamskRtabAlAdarSaH. Revised Thirty-Fourth Edition. Kalghat, S. India,
1978; SamskRtadvitIyadarSaH. Revised Twelfth Edition. Palghat, S. India, 1978.
. . . , 1923.
.. . . , 1908.]

, ;
.
saWdhi, .
VIII III ;
, ;
devanAgarI .
IV -
, . - .
V - .
.
,
, saWdhi
. V
, V
.
IV V , subhAXitAni -
" ", .
: ;
I II , ;
- ,
. ,
( - Sloka) ,
.
,
,
. V
.
.
I - IV. I
.
IV, devanAgarI.
devanAgari,
, I IV
.
II , .
. saWdhi (
).
III .
, , , , ,
. , , 3 .
. , .
-
, .

***

. .
(), .
 .. ,
.. . .
, .

.. .. ,

.

A. - accusativus -
Abl. - ablativus -
adj. - adjectivum -
adv. - adverbium -
aor. - aoristus -
. - tmanepada -
bah. - bahuvrIhi -
caus. - causativum -
conj. - conjuctio -
cpv. - comparativus -
D. - dativus -
den. - denominativum -
des. - desiderativum -
du. - dualis -
dv. - dvandva -
encl. - enclitike -
f - femininum -
fut. - futurum -
G. - genetivus -
ger. - gerundium -
ij. - interjectio -
ind. - indicativus -
I. - instrumentalis -
imp. - imperativus -
impf. - imperfectum -
int. - intersivum -
L. - locativus -
m - masculinum -
n - neutrum -
nom. ag. - nomen agentis -
nom. pr. - nomen proprium -
N. - nominativus -
. -
... -
opt. - optativus -
P. - parasmaipada -
part. - participium -
p. - passivum -
pf. - perfectum -
pfph. - perfectum periphrasticum -
pl. - pluralis -
pn. - participium necessitatis -
pp. - participium perfecti passivi -

pr. - praesens -
pref. - praefixus -
relat. - relativum -
sg. - singularis -
s. - substantivum -
spv. - superlativus -
U. - ubhayapada -
V. - vocativus -
` - .
 I
1. devanAgarI.
2. : .

1. devanAgarI
.
devanAgarI, .
devanAgarI . devanAgarI
, . .
() . , devanAgarI
.

2.

.
- sparSa (. ) -
. (varga),
/
/.
:

k ka o kha g ga " gha ' na

c ca D cha j ja H jha | Va
q [a Q [ha f ]a F ]ha [ Na
t ta w tha d da x dha n na
p pa ) pha b ba - bha m ma

k, g, t, d, p, b , , , , , ; c . -
"", ""; j - . age, magic;
, ;
[, ], t, d .
h:
. n (1- ) ., . ; V (2- ) -
`; N - ; m, n ,


- , ., daN]a (. .
, ).

I. ,
.
II. devanAgarI:
1) ka , ? ta ;
kha , ; -da* ;

-ga - ; na ;
ca ; -pa* - ;
-ja* - ; bha .

2) ka[a ; dama ;
kaja ; dhana , ;
khana - ; nakha , ;
gaja ; pada , ;
gaNa ; patha ;
gata ; bhaga ;
jana ; mama , .
tana -

3) kanaka ; kanatha ;
katama ? patatha ;
ca[aka ; gadatha ;
dhanada ; janana , ;
kathana ; janaka , ;
kathaka ; na[ana ;
gaNana ; na[aka , .
gaNaka ;

III. :
k, c, n, gj, jn, kq, g[, xn, no, on,

dm, jnk, gdw, kwk, nqk, g[n, cqk.

IV. :
k, t. c, n. * g, * d. gj. jn, jnn, jnk.

g[, g[n, g[k. kwn. nqk. pd. pw. ktm.

- , .
 II
1. : .
2. "" . VirAma.

1.

()

- , antaHstha (. " , "):

y ya

r ra

l la

v va

- , UXman (. ", "):

z Sa

; Xa

s sa

h ha

y , j - . [j], . [j]; r - ; l
., . l; v .
' (, ),
S; X , s -
.
h . . h.


2. "" . VirAma.
:
visarga - H, s ( r)
: taH t>, maH m>, vaH v>.

s. visarga
.
AnusvAra - (M W),
m , ,
: taM t<, naM n<, paM p<.

-
m. anusvAra
.
AnunAsika - : tAW ta~, vAW va~,

dAW da~ ( ).

, ! virAma (. .
, ), :
kr kara kr! kar ;

jn jana jn! jan .

I. ,
.

II. devanAgarI :
 1) ra , ;
ya ;
sa , ;
ha , .
2) kara , ;
cara ; bala ; ;
jala ; bhava , ;
tala , ; ratha ;
dama - ; vana ;
nava , ; vara ; , , ;
daSa ; Sata ;
nara , ; Sara ;
para , ; sama , .
phala ;

3) katara ? vacana , ;
caXaka , , ; SaraNa , ,
caraNa , ; ;
parama , , Satatama ;
bharata ; varayatha .

III. 1) devanAgarI
gaja, jana, nara, dama, caXaka.

2) devanAgarI ,
:
vacanaM gadatha;
varaM varayatha.

IV. devanAgarI
, :
kath ; var ;
gam ; gaN ;
kar ; jan ;
vac ; na[ - .

V. 1) :
c, n, gj, jn, jl, dz, nr, bl,

gm!, kr!, vn, vr, vr!, zt, -rt, vc!,

vcn, gDw, nv, jn!, prm, s, h, dm,

mm, xn, pd, y, c;k, )l, pw, rw,

gdw, ktr, cr[, zt, zttm.

2) :
c, n, dz, zt, gj, vn, nqk, g[k,

s, y, kr!, gm!, jn!, jn, nr, -rt, dm, pd.

 III
1. :
2. . ,,.

1. : .
:
1. - a, i u;
2. R ( . "", "") L;
3. - e
o;
4. ai au.

a, i, u, R L .
. :

sa Sastra -
sA SAstra -

a, A, e, , o, , *M, *N a/A.
a A.

2.
,
;
:
1)
.
a, i, u :

Aa #i %u

Aa A $I ^U


2)
()
. a (. I).
a, i, u :

a k ka g ga j ja t ta d da

A ka kA ga gA ja jA ta tA da dA

i ik ki ig gi ij ji it ti id di

I kI kI gI gI jI jI tI tI dI dI

u ku ku gu gu ju ju tu tu du du

U k kU gU gU jU jU tU tU dU dU

r! r z! S ( ) u/U :

- u U.

r S *

* S u U, . IV.

I. devanAgarI:

1) kathA f -
kAla m -
jagAma -
tadA -
yathA -
hA - !
tathA -
dAna n - ,
nArada m - nom. pr.
mahA- - ,
sabhA f -
mahAbhArata - "",
rAmAyaNa - "",

2) hi - ,
kavi m -
gati f -
yadi -
dina n -
niyama m -
pAdAbhivAdana n -
mahI f -
pari -
sakhi m -
samIpa n -
Siva m - (nom. pr. )
pitAmaha m -
-gAminI -

3) tu -
su- -
bhU -
bhava - ""
kula n - ,
pura f -
bhUmi f -
sukha n -
kar -
kuru - ""
suta m -
sutA f -
sUnu m -
puruXa m - ;
duHkha n

4) ati - ,
iti -
ubha -
atha -
uvAca - " "
api -
iva -
abhAva m - ,
AhAra m -
udaka n -
uXas f - ; ; ; nom. pr.

5) as -
AsIt ( AsId) - " "
aham -
mAm - A. sg. aham
gam -
Agam -
duhitar f -
nAman n -
punar -
pitar m -
mAtar f -
rAjan m - ,
vid - ,
vayas n -
Siras n -
XaX -
savitar m

II. devanAgarI : mahAphala, mahAgaja, mahApatha,

mahAkathA, mahAratha, mahAdAna, mahAvana.

III. devanAgarI :
, , , , , , .

IV. devanAgarI :
gam, vac, as, bhU, kar.

V. 1) :

#it, Aip, rajIv, %-, mha-art, yid, kul, #v,

kal, inym, pu;, %dk, ih, mn!, mns!.

2) :
ywa, twa. -U, As!, AasIt! . kr!, ku. nard. pur.

vc!, vcn, %vac. gm!, jgam, gj, gm!, gjgaimnI.

rajn!, mharaj. iptr!, matr!, duihtr!, sut, suta.

3) :
nard %vac . twa ku. AasId! raja.
 IV
1. e o, R, L.
2. r .
3. .

1. e o,
R, L.
e o .
( - XIII): e // ai, o // au.
e ai, o au .
e, ai, o, au : @ e, @e E, Aae o, AaE O

R L : \ R, , l& L, l .
L , .

 e, ai, o, au :

e
ke ke ge ge je je te te de de
ai
kE kai gE gai jE jai tE tai dE dai
o
kae ko gae go jae jo tae to dae do
au
kaE kau gaE gau jaE jau taE tau daE dau

R. R: k kR, g& gR, j& jR,

t& tR, d& dR, m& mR, v& vR. R z , u,

: SR

2. r .
r r! , , ,
:

1) r ! ,
, - :

kra, gra, dra, mra, vra.

r! r t! t z! S:

tra, Sra.
2) r
:

kR rka, gR rga, tR rta, dR rda, mR rma, vR rva.

3. .
su- ", ". :
su-ratha - , su-kRta - .
su- "". : su-
dIrgha - .

I. ( )
.
II. devanAgarI:
1) me - D. aham
te - D. tvam
deva m -
devI f -
veda m -
deSa m - ,
he - !
eva - ""
etad -
eka -
ekaika -
haima -
mahAbhArate - (L. sg.) ""

2) go f -
ghora -
ghoXa m -
loka m -
bhojana n -
ojas n - ,
odana m -
tapovana n -
paura m -
pAdau -
pitarau -
yauvana n -
audaka - ,
auXasa - ,

3)kRta -
vRNomi -
SRNu - !
pitar - pitR
nRpati m -
pRthivI f -
mAtar - mAtR

4) sahasra -
artha m, n - ,
AcArya m - ,
karman n -
darS -
darSana n -
dIrgha -
durgA f - nom. pr.
dharma m - ,
dhArmika -
nirmala -
pArvatI f - nom. pr.
varXa m -
sarga m - ,
 prajA f - , ; ,
prathama -
Sru -
kutra - ?
sAvitrI f - nom. pr.
priya - ,
putra m - ,
putrI f - ,
nalo m - nom. pr. (N. sg.)
nAma - -
bhram - ,
netrau

III. su + . s. part. "" su + . adj. ""

: patha, putra, varXa, ghora, ghoXa, jana, dina, dIrgha, kathA, karman,
kavi, kRta. devanAgarI .

IV. :

1)

dz, zt, sh. dev, devI. cr!, cyaR.

namn!. ved, ivd!, vedivd!. vr, vr!, v&[aeim.

saivI. kr!, ku, kt. u, z&[u.

iptr!, matr!, iptraE. xmR, xaimRk>, prmxaimRk>.

duihtr!, pu, puI. suo, du>o.

dzR,
! dzRn, iydzRn. rajn!, n&pit, n&pte.

wm> sgR>. mha-art, mha-arte.

2)

AasId! raja nlae nam . vrm! @t< v&[aeim.

AasId! raja prmxaimRk>. saivI vcn< %vac.

z&[u rajn! . #it mha-arte wm> sgR>.

 V

1. : .
2. devanAgarI.
3. .
4. saWdhi.
5. t.

1. : .

, . [ligatura - (.).]
, .
devanAgarI
- .
:
g! - G

v! - V

m! - M

s! - S

.

,
.
:
sva Sv, gma Gm, tya Ty, ntha Nw.

dma, * dya, hma, hya.
.

, .
:
mna , nga , dva , hva .

X[a X[ha.
.
, .

, ,
. :
 :
k! ;! ]!

j! |! }!

.
k! t! !

t! t! !

z! v! !

z! c! !
* ,
, . . Zv, Zc.

2. devanA
devanAgarI
garI.
devanAgarI, :
1) a;
2) ;
3) .

3. .
:

C, ( ),
.
:

AasId! AacayR> AasIdacayR>

mht! papm! mhTpapm!

4. sandhi.
devanAgarI :
, . . .
, , ,
, , -. , tAt ", "
tAd, tAn, tAc, jana ""
janaH, janas, jana, jano, janaS.
,
.
saWdhi ("", " ").
 sandhi sandhi .
Sandhi , sandhi
. [ , -bhyAm, -bhis, -bhyas, -su
sandhi.]
,
. sandhi.
sandhi ,
. sandhi, ,
.

5. t.
sandhi , . .
.
t
, , y, r, v ,
d.
:
AsIt rAjA " ": AsId rAjA

t (
) l.
:
tat ca " ": tac ca
t n.
:
AsIt madreXu " ": AsIn madreXu
t S S, S ch.
:
AsIt SalveXu " ": AsIc chalveXu.

I. :

1) :
mya, ccha, X[a, nta, sta, bdha, vya, hma, nma, tva;

2) :
kka, nga, dba, dva, hna, nkha, dhna, sna, hva, ddha;

3) :
kta, kXa, jVa, tta, Sva, Sca;

4) :
tmya, ntva, trya, bdhya, ktva.

II devanAgarI:

1) kva - ? ?
khyA -
jVA -
tvA - A.
 dva -
plu -
danta m -
mnA -
strI f -
sthA -
sva -
smi -
hvA -
kXetra n -

2) ():
brAhmaNa m
kXatriya m
vaiSya m
SUdra m

:
indra
Siva
pArvatI
durgA
viXNu
lakXmI
gaNeSa
aSvinau

III. :

Kv , ], [, m, TMy, Ty, Wy,

Oy, , Cy, }, Bd, !v, , ,

Gd, Gx, , G-, _y, , , Vy,

Sw, , Sp, Nw, , Mp, By, ,

Nt, NTy, N, Lm, Ly, Tv, Jy, Pl.

IV. devanAgarI :
AsIt - imp. 3 . sg. ", "
AcArya m - , , N. sg.
vIrasenasuta m -
-suto - N. sg.
balI m - N. sg. ""
madra m -
madreXu - L. pl. " "
mahAtmA - N. sg. " "
paramadhArmikaH - N. sg. " "
SAlva m -
SAlveXu - L. pl. " "
dharmAtmA - N. sg. ""
pRthivIpati m - N. sg. " "
V. , sandhi t:

AsIdrAjA nalo nAma vIrasenasuto balI

AsIdAcAryaH - AsItkXatriyaH

AasINme;u mhaTma raja prmxaimRk> .

AasICDaLve;u xmaRTma ]iy> p&iwvIpit> .

 VI
1. devanAgarI.
2. .
3. .
4. sandhi -s -r.

1. devanAAgarII.
devanAgarI .

. , , ,
, I II.

A a Aa A # i $ I %u ^ U

\ R L

@ @e ai Aae o AaE au

k ka o kha g ga " gha ' Wa

c ca D cha j ja H jha | Va

q [a Q [ha f ]a F ]ha [ Na

t ta w tha d da x dha n na

p pa ) pha b ba - bha m ma

y ya r ra l la v va

z Sa ; Xa s sa h ha

(M/W), ,
. , saWtata sant.
, , . ,
saWsad saWkar.
(H), ,
. , niHSalya niSvas, niHXecana niXXidh,
niHsaVga nisvara.
.
 2. .
- ,
. , . . , ,
( -
). , ,
, .
:
:
putra m - , tad - ,
dIrgha - dvitIya - ;
:
gam (P. pr. gcchati - I; fut. gamiXyti; pf. jagAma; pp. gat; ger. gatvA; inf. gntum) -
1) 2) . .
sthA (U. pr. tX[hati/tiX[hate - I; fut. sthAsyti/sthAsyte; pf. tasthau/tasth; pp. sthit; ger. sthitvA; inf.
sthAtum) - .

3. .

, . . . : udAtta - ,
anudAtta - svarita - - , .
[ , ,
.]. ,
.
.
.
, . .:
1) ;
2)
. ,
, .
,
, . , ,
: , ()
verbum finitum .

: , ""
.


.

4. sandhi -s -r.
1) -s -r H:
sa paramadhArmikaH ( paramadhArmikas) " - ".

2) -s -r :
) k, kh, p, ph, S, X, s: prathamaH sargaH ( prathamas sargaH) " ";
punaH punaH ( punar punaH) " ";
) S c-, ch: sutaSca ( sutas ca) " "; punaS calati ( punar calati) " ";
) X [-, [h-: vRkXaX [ikate ( vRkXas [ikate) " ";
) s t-, th-: antas-tApa ( antar-tApa) " ".
3) ( r) ( a/A) -s
-r:
kavir bhAXate ( kavis bhAXate) " ";
agnir iva ( agnis iva) " ".
4) r- -s ( a/A) -r ,
:
agnI rocate ( agnis rocate) " ";
dadU rAmAya ( dadur rAmAya) " ".

I. devanAgarI :
makXikA, pArthiva, vraNa, dhana, kalaha, SAnti, nIca, sAdhu, iX.

II. devanAgarI :

mi]ka [imCDiNt xnimCDiNt paiwRva>.

nIca> klhimCDiNt zaiNtimCDiNt saxv>.

III. , , -m
sg., - pl.
icchanti - 3 . pl. pr. iX.

IV. sandhi -s .

I. devanAgarI :
1) ca, na, pitar, mAtar, pitarau, putra, duhitar, sUnu, jVA, darS, Sru, vid, bhU, loka, nAman.
2) na[, na[aka, na[ana;
gaN, gaNaka, gaNana;
kath, kathaka, kathana.

3) mahAphala suputra
mahApatha suratha
mahAratha sukathA
mahAvana sumahant
mahAgaja sukRta.

II. : gam, vac, as, bhU, kar, SrU.

III. : , , , , ,
, .
 IV. devanaagarii : brAhmaNa, kXatriya, vaiSya, SUdra;
veda, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa; indra, viXNu; eka, daSa, Sata, sahasra; artha, dharma, karman.

IV. devanaagarii :
tuX, aSvapati, upAkhyAna, SAstra, As.
 VII
1. Sandhi ,,, R.
2. sandhi -m.

1. Sandhi ,,, R.
,,

sandhi ,,, R :
1) , ,
:
+A
+I
+U
:
na aham " " nAham;
api idAnIm " " apIdAnIm;
su ukta " " sUkta.

2) ,
:
+e
+o
+ e ai
+ o au
+ R ar
:
tathA iti ", " tatheti,
rAjA uvAca " " rAjovAca,
nAma etad " " nAmaitad,
mahA RXi " " maharXi;

3) , R :
y, v, R r.
:
sAvitrI uvAca " " sAvitryuvAca,
su Agatam " " svAgatam,
pitR artham " " pitrartham.
, sandhi .

2. sandhi -m.
-m .
:
patram likhati " " patraM likhati.
 -m ; ,
(. V). :
SAntim icchanti " " zaiNtimCDiNt

I. devanAgarI, sandhi;
.
1. evam astu iti - " ";
2. eka ekam - " ";
3. AhAra artham - " ";
4. tena uktam - " ";
5. na aham aparAddhaH - " ";
6. kva asau durAtmA - " ?"
7. tatra paSya iti - " ".
II. devanAgarI ,
:
tuX[A
asmi (pr. 1 . sg. as)
aSvapati
aSvapate ( )
var
vRNomi (pr. 1 . sg. var)
vRNIXva, varayasva (imp. 2 . sg. var)
sA
abravIt (impf. 3 . sg. brU)
uttiX[ha (imp. 2 . sg. utthA)
kariXyAmi (fut. 1 . sg. kar)
evam
yathA
Ipsitam

III devanAgarI :
vacana, vac, uvAca; etad, etam; evam; vara, varam, var, vRNIXva, varaya,
vRNomi; as, AsIt, asmi; brU, abravIt; aSvapati, aSvapate; sA, tuX[A; kar,
kariXyAmi; darS, paSyati; utthA, uttiX[ha; Ipsitam.

IV , ,
saWdhi, :

tuaiSm. vr< v&[I:vapte. vrmet< v&[aeMyhm!.

saivyuvac. savIt!. %iaei.

kir:yaMyetdevm!. vr< vrySv yweiPstm!.

 VIII
.
1. .
2. .

1. .

,
, , .
: (indicativus),
(optativus) (imperativus). [ ,
.]
:
(parasmaipada), (Atmanepada) . Parasmaipada
", ", Atmanepada ",
".
, , pac ", , ()".
parasmaipada - janaH pacati " ()" - , -
. Atmanepada - janaH pacate " ()" - ,
.
parasmaipada Atmanepada
. parasmaipada, -
Atmanepada. , ,
ubhayapada. P., .
U. .
1-, 2- 3- .
(singularis, sg.),
(dualis, du.), (pluralis, pl.) .
,
: praesens, imperfectum, perfectum, futurum aoristus.

2.
parasmaipada Atmanepada.

, , .
(...) (.
XV-XVII).
(
) .


Parasmaipada

sg. du. pl.

1 . -mi -vas -mas
2 . -si -thas -tha
3 . -ti -tas -nti

tmanepada

sg. du. pl.

1 . -e/ -vahe -mahe
2 . -se -Athe/ithe -dhve
3 . -te -Ate/ite -nte

,
.

Parasmaipada
likh "". P., ... likh-
sg. du. pl.
1 . likh mi likh vas likh mas
2 . likhsi likhthas likhtha
3 . likhti likhtas likhnti

tmanepada
SikX "". ., ... SkXa
sg. du. pl.
1 . SkXe SikXAvAhe SikXAmahe
2 . SkXase SikXethe SikXadhve
3 . SkXate SikXete SikXante

, 1- - "" :
.
: , XVI, 2 . 3 . du. .
, imperfektum ( X) (
XIV), , -i; -a + i- -e- (.
VII, 1.).

I. devanAgarI;
:
iX - icch- (U.) - , , - (A.)
khAd - kh da- (P.) - ,
gam - gccha- (P.) -
cal - cla- (P.) - ,
jIv - jva- (P.) -
pa[h p[ha- (P.) -
pat - pta- (P.) - ,
likh - likh- (P.) -
vad - vda- (P.) -
vas - vsa- (U.) - ,
IkX - kXa- (.) - ,
kamp - kmpa- (.) -
bhAX- bh Xa- (.) -
labh - lbha- (.) -
vart - vrta- (.) -
SikX - SkXa- (.) -

II. :
. . . . .
() . . () . () .
. . .

III. devanAgarI
:
vRkXa, kutra, kva, sarvatra, cakravat, patra, tatra, evam, kas, pari-vart.

IV. , , sandhi,
, :
vRkXaH patati - patraM likhAmi - patraM likhanti patraM pa[hati
patraM pa[hanti - kutra gacchasi - kutra gacchatha
tatra gacchAmaH - kva vasasi - kva vasatha - tatra vasAmaH
tatra vasAmi - IkXante - IkXate - evaM vadati - evaM bhAXAmahe
evaM vadanti - sutaH khAdati - khAdAmaH - sarvatra jIvanti
putraScalati - SikXate kaH - SikXAmahe.
zaiNtimCDiNt saxv>.

cvt! pirvtRNte suoain c du>oain c.

(sukhAni, duHkhAni - N., pl.).

V. :
s<vad>

ram> ku gCDis,

dev> iv*aly< gCDaim,

ram> ikmwRm! iv*aly< gCDis,

dev> Ahm! AXyynay iv*aly< gCDaim, t puStkain pQaim,

ram> Ahm! Aip gCDim,

dev> ku gCDis,

ram> Ahm! vn< gCDaim,

dev> ikmwRm! vn< gCDis,

ram> Ahm! pu:pe_y> )le_y vn< gCDaim.


saMvAdas - ,
vidyAlayam -
kimartham - ?
adhyayanAya - ,
pustakAni -
vanam -
puXpebhyas -
phalebhyas - , .
 IX
1. .
2. . -.
3. Sandhi s.

1.
.

, .
- , ; - ,
. :
, ,
, - , , ,
, (. . ), . .
,
. :

(Nominativus, N.)
(Accusativus, A.)
(Instrumentalis, I.)
(Dativus, D.)
(Ablativus, Abl.)
(Genetivus, G.)
(Locativus, L.)
(Vocativus, V.)

:
N. - : - sutaH pa[hati; - vRkXaH patati;
- pitA tiX[hati.
N. , :
- sutA bhavanti vIrAH. [sutA sutAs (. 3. sandhi
).]
A. :
1) ( ): - patraM likhati;
2) ( ): - nagaraM gacchati;
- sutaH pitaram abravit;
3) : - divArAtraM sthitAbhavat.
A. : () - uvAca
vacanaM pArthivam.
I. :
1) , : () - hastena likhAmi;
- rathena gacchati;
2) ( ): - sutena jalaW pIyate;
3) : - duHkhena nagaraW gacchati;
4) : () - sutena gacchati; ()
- kAlena yauvanasthA babhUva.
D. :
1) : () () - sutAya likhAmi;
 2) : (. . ) - yuddhAya gacchati;
3) ( ): () - grAmAya
gacchati.
Abl. :
1) : , - grAmAd gacchati, vanAd
gacchati;
2) : - sukhAd, - duHkhAd; - lobhAt
krodhaH prabhavati.
G.:
1) , , : -
grAmasya rathyA; - siWhasya garjana.
2) G. , :
- narasya putrAH samabhavan; - arInAM rathA bhavanti.
L. :
1) : , - vane taruXu vasati;
2) : - grIXme; - dine.
V. , , , :
, - SRNu yudhiX[hira; , - ehi sAvitri.

2. .
:
.
: .

.
.

-a.
-a
. -a
.
-a
. -a
.

-a

sg. du. pl.

m n m n m n
N. s m au e as Ani
A. m an
I. e/na ais
D. Aya A/bhyAm e/bhyas
Abl. Ad
G. sya ay/os An/Am
L. e/ e/Xu
V. = =N. =N.
 suta m vana n .

N suts vanm
A sutm vanm
I sutna vanna
D sut ya van ya
Abl sut d van d
G sutsya vansya
L sut van
V sta vna

N.A.V. sutu van

I.D.Abl. sut bhyAm van bhyAm
G.L. sutyos vanyos

N.V. sut s ( suta + as) van ni

A. sut n ( suta + an) van ni
I. sutis vanis
D.Abl. sutbhyas vanbhyas
G. sut nAm van nAm
L. sutXu vanXu

, :
N. A. ;
,
1) N.A. V., 2) I.D.Abl., 3) G.L.;
N.V. D.Abl.

3. Sandhi s.

-s, a A, . . s, ,
:
-As A:
vIrAs bhAXante vIrA bhAXante;
-as ( a) a:
vIras IkXate vIra IkXate;
-as , a o:
vIras bhAXate vIro bhAXate.
o ( e) a ,
avagraha (. . ) = ( ' ):

vIras api gacchati vIro `pi gacchati vIrae =ip gCDit


I. devanAgarI, sandhi:
vIras jayati
bAlAs gacchanti
janas api gacchati
janAs calanti
aSvas annam khAdati
abhitas vRkXAs rohanti

II. devanAgarI ,
:
kim? mukha
patra sas
hasta doXa
api vRkXa
phala sakRt
vIra aWSa
pArthiva pat
aSvapati nipat
bhojana

III. , , sandhi,
, :
kiM likhasi patraM likhAmi hastena patraW likhAmi
bhojanaM khAdasi mukhena bhojanaM khAdasi so `pi mukhena
bhojanaM khAdati patraM pa[hAvaH phalaM khAdathaH suta IkXate
suto bhAXate vIro na kampate
AiSt paiwRvae =pitnRam. nard %vac.

@kae dae;ae =iSt. skd<zae inptit.

ywa v&]Stwa )lm!.

IV. :

1) hStSy -U;[< dan< sTy< k{QSy -U;[m!,

aeSy -U;[< zaSm! -U;[E> ikm! yaejnm!.

hasta m
bhUXaNa n
dAna n
satya n ,
kaN[ha m ,
Srotra n ,
SAstra n ,
kim prayojanam (n) -
 2) lae-aTaex> -vit lae-aTkam> jayte,

lae-aNmaeh naz lae-> papSy kar[m!.

lobha m -
krodha m -
prabhU - , P., ... prabhva-
kAma m -
prajan - , A., ... prajAya-
moha m - ,
nASa m -
ca -
pApa n -
kAraNa n -
 X
1. -A.
2. -s.
3. .
4. imperfectum.
5. sandhi -n.

1. -A.
-A .

sg. du. pl.

N. - e s
A. m
I. A bhyAm bhis
D. ai bhyas
Abl. As
G. os Am
L. Am su
V. e =N. =N.

-A , ,
-y- (sg., du.) -n- (pl.).
I.sg. G.L.du. -A -a.
V.sg. N.A.du. -e -A .

sutA f ""

sg. du. pl.

N. sut sut sutAs
A. sutAm
I. sutyA sutAbhis
D. sutyai sutAbhyAm sutAbhyas
Abl. sutAyAs
G. sutyos sutAnAm
L. sutAyAm sutAsu
V. ste sut sutAs

-A, ,
.


. (sg.) A. -m
. (du.) I.D.Abl. -bhyAm
G.L. -os
I. -bhis ( -)
D.Abl. -bhyas
(pl.) G. -(n)Am
L. -su

2. -s-.
, -k, -r, ( )
M H, -s -X. , L.pl. suteXu,
madreXu, -A - sutAsu, rathyAsu.

3. .

.
, , .
, .
, priya ", " suta m
"", - vana n "", - sutA f "", . e. N.sg. m priyas "", n
priyam "", f priyA "".

4. imperfectum.

Imperfectum
.
imperfectum
, , ,
.
imperfectum () a-, .


Parasmaipada

sg. du. pl.

1 m va ma
2 s tam ta
3 t tAm n

tmanepada

1 e vahi mahi
2 thAs AthAm/ithAm dhvam
3 ta AtAm/itAm nta

Parasmaipada: pat ", ", P., ... pta-

sg. du. pl.

1. patam patAva patAma

2. patas patatam patata
3. patat patatAm patan

tmanepada: bhAX "", , ... bhAXa-

sg. du. pl.

1. bhAXe bhAXAvahi bhAXAmahi

2. bhAXathAs bhAXethAm * bhAXadhvam
3. bhAXata bhAXetAm bhAXanta

* . VII, 2.

imperfectum ,
. sandhi.
, saW-gam ", " P., ... sam-gaccha-, 3 .sg. imperfectum sam-a-
gacchat, samagacchat "() " "() "; vi-vardh "", , ... vi-
vrdha-, 3 .sg. imperfectum vi-a-vardhata, vyvardhata "() " "() ".

5. sandhi -n.
-n :
1) -n + j- (jh-) -Vj- (-Vjh-)
-n + S- -VS- (-Vch-)
2) -n + l- -Wll-;
-n + c- (ch) -WSc- (WSch-)
-n + [- ([h-) -WX[ (WX[h)
-n + t- (th-) -Wst (-Wsth-)
 W, (2)
.
:
apatan ca " () " apataW S ca ;
kasmin cit vanoddeSe " - " kasmiW S cit .

I. :
para ", " - m, N.sg., A.pl.; f L.sg., L.pl.;
nIca "" - n N.A.du., N.A.pL, G.pl.;
kXipra "" - f A.sg., G.L.du., L.pl.; m L.pl.;
dIrgha ", " - n I.pl.; f I.pl.; m G.sg., Abl.sg.;
nava "" - m I.sg., L.sg.; n N.sg., N.du.; f I.pl.;

II. devanAgarI, sandhi:

SRgAlas siWhas ca " "

SRgAlas avasat " "
bahis atiX[hat " "
vanAni agacchat " "
siWhas agarjat " "
sutas cintayati " "
sas acintayat " "
kena upAyena " ?"
uccais AkroSat " "
adhAvat ca " "

III. devanAgarI:
1) gAh A., ... gha- ", "
rac P., ... racya- ", "
vardh U, ... vrdha- ""
vivardh ., ... vivrdha- ""
sthA U., .. tX[ha- "; "
saWgam ., ... saWgccha- ", "
bhram P., ... bhrmya- ""
Sram P., ... Srmya- ""
kasmin m.n. L. sg. kas "" -cid ""

2) devanAgarI ,
:

m f

mitra gangA
siWha kanyA
divasa mAlA
mRga AtmajA
rAma guhA
SiXya niSA
prayAga bhikXA
grAma yamunA
gaja rathyA
aSva sabhA
janaka vidyA
devatA
bhUmau L.sg. bhUmi

IV. , sandhi,
:
mitrau gangAyAM gAhete - kanyA mAlAM racayati vyavardhatAtmajA -
kasmiWScid vane ekaH siWho `vasat - sa ca divase guhAyAmatiX[hat
niSAyAM mRgAnakhAdat - bhikXayA rAmasya SiXyau vartete.

yage ga ymunya s<gDte. amSy rWyasu gja aMyiNt.

Aa AaMyN-Umavpt~. s-aya< jnkae =-a;t.

iv*a pra devta.

V. :

ramae rav[mjyt!, sIta gaedavyaRStIrmgCDt!,

ram> sItya sh gaedavyaRStIre =rmt.

pa{fvana< xatRra+E> sh yuaNy-vn!,

Ar{ye mih;anpZyam!. gaya jlmipbam!.

igre> izoradjavpttam!. AivRnmdht!.

AacayaR xmRmupaidzn!.

rAvaNa n nom.pr. - ( - )
ji - ... jaya -
sItA f nom. pr. - ( )
godAvaryAs G. sg. godAvari f (. )
tIra n -
saha - , (+I.)
ram - ... rma- -
pAN]ava m - ,
dhArtaraX[ra m -
yuddha n - ,
araNya n -
mahiXa m -
darS - ... pSya- -
pA - ... pba- -
gires G. sg. giri m -
Sikhara m, n - ()
aja m -
agnis N.sg. agni m -
dah - ... dha- - ,
upadiS - ... upa-diS- - - (A.) - (A.)
 XI

sandhi.

ctur> z&gal>

@kiSmn! vne z&galae =vst!, @kda s

-aejnay guhaya bihr! AagCDt!, t s icrmaMyt!

-aejnmoadc! c, tdEk> is<hs! tagCDt!, s

tSya< aivzc! c, z&gal> TyagCDt!, t s>

is<hSy padana< icaNypZyt!, z&galae =icNtyt!,

is<hae guhayamiSt n va, yid is<hs! taiSt tda

AhmNy gCDaim, yid is<hae guhaya< naiSt tdah<

guhaya< ivzaim, kenaepayen sTymvgCDamIit,

catura - ,
SRgAla m -
ekadA adv. -
guhA f - ,
bahis - , ; (+ Abl.)
Agam - ;
ciram adv. -
praviS - ; - (L.) P., ... pravSa-
pratyAgam - ,
pAda m -
cihna n -
darS - . P., ... pSya-
cint - , U., ... cintaya-
as - . P., ... as-
vA -
yadi -
anyatra adv. -
gam - . P., ... gccha-
ka -
upAya m - ; ;
satya n - ,
avagam - ();
iti - ( )

II

z&gal %paymicNtyt!, z&galae guhaya

bihr! @vaitt! %CcEr! Aaaezc! c, guhe ydah<

TyagCDaim tda Tv< inTy< mamayis,

A* ik< tU:[I< itis, A* Tv< ma< kw< nayis,

mamay ANywa punrNy gCDaim,

is<hae =ip tmak[Ryt!, sae =vIt!, y*h< n vdaim

z&galae =Ny gCDit, y*h< tmayaim s guhaya<

ivzit, tdah< t< oadaim,

is<hae =gjRt!, z&gal> is<hSy gjRnmak[Ryt!

tSmat! Swanad! Axavc! c, @v< s jIvnmr]t!.

sthA - , U., ... tX[ha-
uccais adv. -
AkruS - , P., ... krSa-
nityam adv. - ,
mAm - A.sg. aham
AhvA - , , U., ... Ahvya-; Ahvaya - ""
adya adv. -
kim - ?
tUXNIm adv. -
katham - ?
anyathA - ,
punar - ,
tam - A.sg. sa
AkarN - . P., ... karNya-
garj - , P., ... grja-
garjana n -
tasmAd - Abl. sg. tad -
sthAna n -
dhAv - , U., ... dh va-
evam - ,
jIvana n -
rakX - ; , P., ... rkXa-
 XII
1. .
2. -I -U.
3. .

1.
.
(optativus), ,
. Optativus
:

1) (", ...")
2) ("...")
3) , ("...", "...")
4) ( "... ", yadA ... tadA)
5) ( "... ", yadi ... tadA, " ... " yathA + opt., ... evam +
ind.)
6) (" ..." yathA + opt., ... ind. imp.)

Optativus -i- -ya-

.
, , -y-. 3 . pl. P.
-ur, 3 . pl. . - -ran.
,
-i-, sandhi : -a- + -i- e.

likh "" - ... likh- + -i- likh-

bhAX "" - ... bh Xa- + -i- bh Xe-
bhU "" - ... bhva- + -i- bhve-
gam "" - ... gccha- + -i- gcche-

-i-
.

Parasmaipada likh - ... likh-

sg. du. pl.

1. likhyam likhva likhma
2. likhs likhtam likhta
3. likht likhtAm likhyur
 tmanepada bhAX - ... bh Xa-

sg. du. pl.

1. bh Xeya bh Xevahi bh Xemahi
2. bh XethAs bh XeyathAm bh Xedhvam
3. bh Xeta bh XeyatAm bh Xeran

2. -I -U.
-I -U .

-I U

sg. du. pl.

I U I U I U
N. - s au as
Acc. m s
In. A bhis
D. Ai bhyAm bhyas
Abl. As
G. os n-Am
L. Am Xu
V. i/ u/ =N. =N.

, ,
sandhi.

nadI- "" vadhU- ""

Sg.
N. nad vadhs
. nadm vadhm
I. nady vadhv
D. nadyi vadhvi
Abl.
G.
nady s vadhv s
L. nady m vadhv m
V. ndi vdhu

du.

N.A.V. nadyu vadhvu

I.D.Abl. nadbhyAm vadh bhyAm
G.L. nadys vadhvs

pl.

N. nadys vadhvs
A. nads vadh s
 I. nadbhis vadh bhis
D.
nadbhyas vadh bhyas
Abl.
G. nadnAm vadh nAm
L. nadXu vadh Xu
V. =N. =N.

: lakXmI nom. pr. "" tantrI "" N.sg. -s.

3.

,
(, , , ),
-a -I.
:
"" - putra "" - putrI.

:
suta "" - f sutA
aja "" - f ajA
aSva "" - f aSvA
kokila "" - f kokilA
balAka "" - f balAkA
, -ka -a-,

-a- -i-.
:
bAlaka "", m "" bAlikA "", f ""
gAyaka m "" gAyikA f ( gAyakI f) "".

I.
:
deva "", nAra "", na[a "", siWha "", haWsa "", mayUra "",
vyAghra "", aSva "", aja "", putra "".

II. devanAgarI
ca "" S'N + S"N + ca, -I
sandhi.
: " " nAras ( naras) nArI ca nAro nAri ca

, , , ,
, , .
 III. devanAgarI ,
.
:
f m n
devatA matsya satya
nadI amuka vANijya
nagarI lekhaka pASupAlya
patnI anta bhUXaNa
vadhU durjana
SvaSrU ISvara
vidyA
vAc - vAcam A.sg.

darS - P. ... pSya-
A-gam - P. ... Agccha-
pA - P. ... piba
tar - P. ... tra-
vart - . ... vrta- (+I. " -")
pra-budh - U. ... prabdha-
tyaj - P. ... tyja-
pUj - U. ... pUjya-
kup - P. ... kpya- (+D. " -")

:
vastrapUta
satyapUta
sarva
likhita
:
sarvadA
tatas
prAtar

vA - ( )
yadA... tadA - ...
hi ( )
yadi... tadA - ...

IV. , , sandhi, ,
:

nadIXu matsyAnapaSyAma - yadA grAmamAgaccheva tadA patraM likheva -

patnIbhirnArA nagarImAgacchan - vadhUbhir nArAH purIm Agacchan -
vastrapUtaM jalam pibet satyapUtaM vadedvAcam -
likhitaM hyamukeneti lekhako `nte tato likhet
iv*a svRSy -U;[m!. he balaE svRda sTy<

-a;eyawam!. ndI< n tret!. vEZya> vai[Jyen pazupaLyen

va vtRern!. at> baexet! nr>, sTy< vdet!, dujRnan! Tyjet!,

$r< pUjyet!. UvRXvE n kuPyet!. devtana< vaCyae n -veym!.

 V. .
1)
ywa eken ce[ n rwSy git-Rvet!,

@v< pu;kare[ ivna dEv< n isXyit.

yathA... evam - -. -.
hi - , ( )
cakra m, n -
ratha m - ;
gati f - ;
puruXakAra m - ,
vinA - (+I.)
daiva n - ,
sidh U., ... sdhya- - , ,

2)
iv*a zSSy zaSSy e iv*e itpye,

Aa*a haSyay v&Tve itIyaiyte sda.

vidyA f -
Sastra n -
SAstra n - , ; (
)
dva - , -A f
pratipatti f - ; ;
Adya - , -A f
hAsya n - ;
vRddhatva n -
dvitIya - , -A f
A-dar , ... A-drya- - ,
sadA adv. -
 XIII
1. .
2. -i -u.
3. : .

1. .

. sandhi
, . :
, guNa [", "] vRddhi** [( vardh -
"") - ", "]. ,
, guNa vRddhi.
. guNa.
- guNa , "" ,
( ).
( ) (
vRddhi).

:

guNa vRddhi
a A
e ai
o au
R ar Ar
L al Al

[ XXV.]

:
as "": s- // as- // As
nI- "": nI- // ne- // nai
Sru "": Sru- // Sro- // Srau
kar "": kR- // kar- // kAr
-y- sandhi
e, o, ai, au: e ay, o av, ai Ay, au Av.
:
nI: netar ", ; ", nayati " ".
: -e-, -ai- -y- .
:
ji ""; jetar "", jayati " ", jeya
" ".

, .
.
. ,
( guNa). -a-.
:
 tyaj "": guNa - tyaj- // vRddhi - tyAj-.
.
.
: jVA "".
,
.

2. -i -u.
-i -u . -i
, -u - ( vari "" -
, dhenu "" - ).
-i -u ;
,
.

-i -u.

sg. du. pl.

m f n m f n m f n
N. s =. I/U nI as Ini/Uni
Acc. m In/Un Is/Us
In. nA A nA bhis
D. e ne bhyAm bhyas
Abl. s nas
G. os nos InAm/UnAm
L. au ni Xu
V. - =. =N. =N.

-i -u :

1). :
) Abl.-G. V.sg. m f guNa, . . i e, u o.
) D.sg. m f N.V. pl. m f guNa,
, . . e ai, o av.
) L.sg. m f -u vRddhi, .. u au. L.sg. m f
-i -u -au.

2) Sandhi , , .
. I.sg. f, D.sg. m f; G.-L. du. m f; N.pl. m f.

3) :
) N.A.V.du. m f ( )
) G.pl. , N.A.pl. n A.pl. m f ( ).

1) pANi m "", bhUmi f "", vAri n "";

N. pANs bhmis vari

A. pANm bhmim vari
I. pANnA bhmyA variNA
D. pANye bhumaye bhumyai variNe *
Abl.G. pANs bhumes bhumyAs variNas
L. pANu bhumau bhumyAm variNi
V. paNe bhume vari

N.A.V. pAN bhumI variNI

I.D.Abl. pANbhyAm bhumibhyAm varibhyAm
G.L. pANys bhumyos variNos

N.V. pANyas bhumayas varINi

A. pANn bhumIs varINi
I. pANbhis bhumibhis varibhis
D.Abl. pANbhyas bhumibhyas varibhyas
G. pANnAm bhumInAm varINAm
L. pANXu bhumiXu variXu

2) guru m "", dhenu f "", aSru n ""

N. gurs dhens Sru
A. gurm dhenm Sru
I. gurNA dhenv SruNA
D. gurve dhenve dhenvi SruNe
Abl.G. gurs dhens dhenvas SruNas
L. guru dhenu dhenvam SruNi
V. gro dhno Sru

N.A.V. gur dhen SruNI

I.D.Abl. gurbhyAm dhenbhyAm SrubhyAm
G.L. gurvs dhenvs SruNos


N.V. gurvas dhenvas SrUNi

A. gurun dhenus SrUNi
I. gurbhis dhenbhis Srubhis
D.Abl. gurbhyas dhenbhyas Srubhyas
G. guruNAm dhenUnam SrUNAm
L. gurXu dhenXu SruXu

* r s n
N , y, v, . .
. r s n ,
, S, s, n . r - s
n n N .

3. : .
- vRddhi -
.

:
1) , ,
.
:
bharata "" bhArata " ", " ";
Siva "" Saiva " ", " ";

2) .
:
mitra "" maitra "",
pura "" paura "",
deva "" daiva "".
: maitra n "", paura m "",
daiva n ", , ".

I. devanAgarI ,
:

udaka "" audaka

megha "" maigha
puXpa "" pauXpa
indra "" aindra
puruXa "" pauruXa
putra "" pautra
sUrya "" saurya
Sarada "" SArada
 hima ", " haima
vasanta "" vAsanta
grIXma ", " graiXma
upala "" aupala
varXa "; " vArXa
kula ", " kaula

II. , :
SAnti f "" ,
kavi m "" ,
sUnu m "" ,
vasu n ", " .

III. devanAgarI ,
.

m f n
giri guru bhUmi vasu
agni RXi svabhUmi madhu
vRkXa pANi parabhUmi kXIra
siWha kavi rAtrI
mRga hari dhenu
ari sAdhu
grantha paSu

vas U. ... vsa

saW-car P., ... saW-cra
dah P., ... dha
nI U., ... nya
har U., ... hra
tuX P., ... tuXya
A-cam P., ... A-cAma
SaWs P., ... SWsa

bahis

vidyAvihIna

sarva

IV. , , sandhi,
, :

svabhUmau ca vasetsarvaH parabhUmau na saWcaret - girergrAmaM gacchAmi -

agnirvanasya vRkXAn dahati - rAtryAM siWho mRgAnakhAdat -
bAlo dhenU grAmAd bahiranayat - arayo janAnAM vasUnyaharan -
Sivo viXNuSca granthamapa[hatAm
 jl< igre> ptit. balae gurve p< iloit. mxuna ]Ire[ c tu:yiNt bala>.

Aryae jnana< vsUin hriNt. \i;rxuna pai[na jlmacamit.

kvyae hir< z<siNt. iv*aivhIn> pzu>. iv*a gu[a< gu>.

V. :

1)
pvRtana< -y< vat! pana< izizrad! -ym!,

padpana< -y< vatat! snana< olad! -ym! .

parvata m -
bhaya n - ( -), (-)
vajra m, n -
padma m, n -
SiSira m - ;
pAdapa m - (. )
vAta m -
sajjana n - ,
khala m -

2)
idva pZyit naelUk> kakae n< n pZyit,

iv*aivhInae mUFStu idva n< n pZyit.

divA adv. -
darS - P., ... pSya- -
ulUka m -
kAka m -
naktam adv. -
mU]ha m - ,
 XIV
1. .
2. -A, -I, -U.
3. .

1.
.
(imperativus)
.

; . -a
, .

Parasmaipada

sg. du. pl.

1 Ani Ava Ama

2 - tam ta

3 tu tAm ntu

tmanepada

1 ai Avahai Amahai

2 sva ithAm/AthAm dhvam

3 tAm itAm/AtAm ntAm/atAm

likh "", ... likh- pac ", ", ... pca

Parasmaipada
sg. du. pl.
1. likh ni likh va likh ma
2. likh likhtam likhta
3. likhtu likhtAm likhntu

tmanepada
1. pcai pcAvahai pcAmahai
 2. pcasva pcethAm* pcadhvam
3. pcatAm pcetAm pcantAm
. VII, 2.

, , 2- .
:
Parasmaipada:
2 . sg. - (, ) [ ,
XVI.]
3 . sg. tu
2 . pl. - ta
tmanepada:
2. sg. - sva
2 . pl. - dhvam

mA
"" (" ").

2. -A, -I, -U.

-A , -I, -U - .
-A, -I, -U .

-A, -I, -U.

sg du pl
N. -s -au -as
A. -am
I. -A -bhis
D. -e -bhyAm -bhyas
Abl. -as
G. -os -nAm
L. -i -Xu
V. =N. =N. =N.

:
1. -A D.-L. sg. N..V. G.L. du.
( -A).
2. -I, -U , ,
sandhi: I iy, U uv.

-A, -I, -U:

jA f "", SrI f "", bhU f ""

N. jAs SrIs bhUs
A. jAm Sryam bhvam
I. jA Sriy bhuv
D. je Sriy* bhuv*
Abl.
G. jAs Sriys** bhuvs**
L. ji Sriy*** bhuv***
 V. jAs SrIs bhUs

N.A.V. jau Sryau bhvau
I.D.Ab
jAbhy m SrIbhy m bhUbhy m
l.
G.L. jos Sriys bhuvs

N.V. jAs Sryas bhvas
A. jAs Sryas bhvas
I. j bhis SrIbhs bhUbhs
D.Abl. j bhyas SrIbhys bhUbhys
G. j nAm SrINAm bhUn m*
L. j su SrIXu bhUXu

* Sriyai bhuvai
** SriyAs bhuvAs .. I U (. XI)
*** SriyAm bhuvAm

3. .
, , -deva "", ..
S. . + deva, , ", -"
(. " -."). , gurudeva " ", atithi-deva "
", . .
-ar : pitar
"" - pitR-deva " ", mAtar "" - mAtR-deva " ".

I. devanAgarI
:
likh, pa[h, gam, darS, sthA, bhU, SikX, khAd, vad, car.

II. :

! ! ! (.). ! !
. (grantha m). .
. .
(pRthivI f 2) (sarvadA 4) (3) (SAnti f 1).

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m f n
SiXya AjVA kArya
dUta ayodhyA padma
pitar - pitror G.sg.du., pitR- sakhI vacas ( A.sg.)
prayAga SrI
AcArya vasati
dharma sAvitrI
atithi mAtar, matR

prAtas
punar
tatra

Arabh - ., ... A-rbha
man - ., ... mnya
Agam - P., ... A-gccha
utthA (ud-sthA) - U., ... ut-tX[ha
AnI - U, ... A-nya
anuX[hA (anu-sthA) - U., ... anu-tX[ha
nivas - U., ... ni-vsa
nivart - ., ... ni-vrta
anuSAs - P., ... anu-SAs
car - P., ... cra

IV. , sandhi, ,
:

prAtaH kAryamArabhethAm - punarmanyadhvam - SiXyAvAgacchatam

iti gurorAjVA uttiX[hottiX[ha - ayodhyAM dUtA gacchantu -
sakhyau puXpANyAnayatam - pitrorguroSca vacanamanutiX[ha

vcae inbaex. p< iya vsit>. yag< gCDt< suoen c t

invstm!. invtR gCDSv n te mae -vet!.

AacayaeR =nuzaiSt, sTy< vd, xmR< cr,

mat&devae -v, ipt&devae -v, AacayRdevae -v,

Aitiwdevae -v.

V. .
1)

Tyj dujRns<sgR< -j saxusmagmm!,

ku pu{ymhaera< Smr inTyminTytam!.

tyaj P., ... tyja- - ,
saWsarga m - ,
durjanasaWsarga m -
bhaj U., ... bhja- - ;
samAgama m - ;
sadhusamAgama m -
puNya n - ,
ahorAtram adv. - ;
smar P., ... smra- - ; (A.)
nityam adv. - ,
anityatA f - , ,
 2)
diran! -r kaENtey ma yCDere xnm!,

VyaixtSyaE;x< * pWy< nIjSy ikmaE;xE>.

* -a + au- -au-

daridra - ,
bhar- P., ... bhra- - ,
kaunteya m - (. , "")
mA - ( )
prayam P., ... pra-yaccha- - , ()
ISvara m -
dhana n - ,
vyAdhita - ;
auXadha n -
pathya - ,
nIruja -
kim - ? ? (+ I.)
 XV
.
.

, imperfectum,
,
, .

. .
[ (. thema) - ,
( ).]
, , .
-a-
. -a- 1-
.
I 4 : I, VI, IV X.

I .
I
-a-. .
I :

` + a

I :

P khAd - ", ", ... kh da-

car - ", ", ... cra-
jIv - ", ", ... jva-
pat - ", ", ... pta-
pa[h - "", ... p[ha-
vad - "", ... vda-
vas - ", ", ... vsa-

IkX - ", ", ... IkXa-

kamp - ", ", ... kmpa-
bhAX - ", ", ... bh Xa-
vart - ", ", ... vrta-
labh - "", ... lbha-
SikX - "", ... SkXa-

U. vardh - "", ... vrdha-

i, u, R L ,
guNa, . . i , u , R ar, L al.
:
P. budh "; ", ... bdha-
, i u/U,
guNa (.. -e, -o). -a guNa
sandhi: ay, av.
 :
U. ji "", ... je + a jya-
. plu "", ... plo + a plva-
nI ", ", ... ne + a nya-
P. bhU "", ... bho + a bhva-
I bhU, I
bhvAdi (bhU + Adi, Adi ""), "
bhU, bhU".
I ,
:
1. gam "" yam ""
cch:
P. gam - gccha-
P. yam - yccha-
2. pA "", sthA ""
:
P. pA - pba-
U. sthA - tX[ha-

VI
-a.
-a.
VI :

:
P. likh "", ... likh-
U. tud "", ... tud-
VI tud,
VI tudAdi.
, i, R (),
i iy, Uv R ir.
-ar -a ar ir ur,
A -a A i(y).
iX ", "
cch: P. iX - icch-

IV
-ya. .
IV :

` + ya

H:
P. tuX ", ", ... tXya-.
-am a ya:
P. bhram ", ", ... bhrmya-
P. Sram "", ... Sr mya-.
-iv i ya:
P. div "", ... dvya-
 div IV divAdi.
darS "" -
pSya- ( . paS "").

X
-aya. -ya.
X :

+ ya

:
U. kath "", ... kathya-
U. cint "", ... cintya-
i/I, u, R, L, ,
guNa, . . i e, u o, R ar, L al.
:
U. cur "", ... corya-.
cur X curAdi.

I.
:
A> clit. )l< ptit. xnen n tu:yit.

p< ilot>. s mXyae ku gCDit. t gCDit.

Ah< pZyaim. Tv< pZyis ikm!. ram> )l< oadit.

mi]ka [imCDiNt. suo< -vet!.

II. devanAgarI ,
:

m n f
udaya prabhata SobhA
asta sAya niSA
sUrya namas (+ D.) diSA
prakASa pUrva-diSA
kiraNa paScima-diSA
parvata dakXiNa-diSA
Sikhara uttara-diSA
divasa
madhyAhna
sAyakAla

gam I .
bhU I .
div IV .
darS ... pSya- IV .
nam I .
udayaM gam
astaM gam ( , )

komala
pracaN]a
pUrva
paScima
dakXiNa
uttara

III. :

(2) (1), , ;
, , , ;
, , , ;
, , , .
. .

IV. , sandhi, , :

sUyR>
-ate pUvRidzaya< sUyR %dy< gCDit, -ate sUyRSy

kaz> kaemlae -vit, sUyRSy ikr[a> pvRtana< izore;u dIVyiNt,

jna> -ate sUyR< nmiNt, idvse jna> sUyRSy zae-a< pZyiNt,

mXyae sUyRSy kaz> c{fae -vit, say<kale sUyaeR =St< gCDit,

yda sUyaeR =St< gCDit tda inza -vit, sUyaRy nm>.

V. :

v;aR-\tu>
v;aRkale n-ae me"aCDae -vit, ggne cpla

ivS)urit, Kvict! kaz> Kvicd! ANxkar< -vit,

sra n*> da jlPlaivta -viNt,

v;aRkale v&!ya -Uim> p<ikla -vit,

k;ka> Sv]eai[ k;RiNt bIjain vpiNt c,

mxurai[ pKvain Aa)lain jMbU)lain c

-UmaE ptiNt jnaStain oadiNt c,

 jna v;aRkalSy Svagt< kuvRiNt.

Rtu m - ,
varXA f -
varXA-Rtu m -
varXA-kAla m -
nabha m -
megha m - ;
meghAcchanna - ,
gagana n -
capalA f -
vi-sphur - VI . ;
kvacit... kvacit - ...
andhakAra m, n - ,
sarA f -
nadI f -
hrada m -
jalaplAvita - ,
vRX[i f -
paWkila pankila - ,
kRXaka m - ,
svakXetra n -
karX - I . ,
bIja n - ,
vap - I .
madhura -
pakva -
Amraphala n -
jambUphala n -
jana m -
tAni . pl. n - <>, .. <>
svAgata n - ( )
svAgataM kar - - - (+ G.)
kurvanti - 3 . pl. pr. kar.
 XVI

.
.

: II, III, V, VIII, VII IX.

I :
1) ,
( );
;
2) , / ( guNa)
;
3) - guNa - :
Parasmaipada imperfectum;
1- Parasmaipada tmanepada imperativus;
3- . Parasmaipada imperativus.

.
4)
,
.

II .
II , . .
. , II
:
P. as "",
P. i "",
U. brU "", P. svap "",
P. yA "",
P. vA ""
P. vid "",
U. stu "",
P. svap ;
P. han "",
P. ad ", ".
ad II adAdi. II
,
.

III - ,
. [ - XXI.]
II :
U. dA - "", ... dad-/dadA-
U. dhA - ", ", ... dadh-/dadhA-
P. mA - "", ... mim(i)-/mimA-
U. hu - "", ... juhu-/juho-
hu III hvAdi juhotyAdi.

V
nu-/no- (nu- , no-
).
 :
P. Ap - "", ... Apnu-/Apn-
U. Sru - "", ... SRNu-/SRN-
U. su - "", ... sunu-/sun-
su V svAdi.

VIII
u-/o- (u- - , - -
).
:
U. kar - "", ... kuru-/kar- [ kar
kRNu-/kRNo-, . . kar - V .]
A. man - "", ... manu-/man-
U. tan - "", ... tanu-/tan-
tan VIII tanAdi.

VII
n-/na
(n- - , na- - ).
:
U. yuj - "", ... yuVj-/yunj-
U. rudh - ", ", ... rundh-/rundh-
rudh VI rudhAdi.

IX kryAdi (krI "").

IX " + ".
IX nI-/nA- (nI
, nA ).
.
:
U. bandh "", ... badhnI-/badhn-
P. stambh "", ... stabhnI-/stabhn-
, . U. jVA "",
: jAnI-/jAn-.
IX ,
, .

II ,
I :
1) 3 . pl. , imperfectum imperativus tmanepada
n.
2) 2 3 . du. , imperfectum imperativus tmanepada
-Athe, -Ate, -AthAm, -AtAm.
3) imperativus 2 . sg. P. -dhi.
( ) -hi.
IX - -Ana. V VII
2 . sg. ,
I .
4)
-y- Parasmaipada -I- ( -Iy)
tmanepada.

U. tan "", ... tanu-/tan-.

Parasmaipada tmanepada

1. tanmi tanv
2. tanXi tanuX
3. tanti tanut

1. tanuvs ( tanvs) tanuvhe ( tanvhe)
2. tanuths tanv the
3. tanuts tanv te

1. tanums ( tanms) tanumhe ( tanmhe)
2. tanuth tanudhv
3. tanvnti tanvte

Imperfectum

Parasmaipada tmanepada

1. tanavam tanvi
2. tanos tanuthAs
3. tanot tanuta

1. tanuva ( tanva) tanuvahi ( tanvahi)
2. tanutam tanvAthAm
3. tanutAm tanvAtam

1. tanuma ( tanma) tanumahi ( atanmahi)
2. tanuta tanudhvam
3. tanvan tanvata

Optativus

Parasmaipada tmanepada

1. tanuy m tanvIy
2. tanuy s tanvIths
3. tanuy t tanvIt

1. tanuy va tanvIvhi
2. tanuy tam tanvIy thAm
3. tanuy tAm tanvIy tAm

1. tanuy ma tanvImhi
2. tanuy ta tanvIdhvm
3. tanuyr tanvIrn
Imperativus
 Parasmaipada tmanepada

1. tanvAni tanvai
2. tanu tanuXv
3. tantu tanut m

1. tanvAva tanvAvahai
2. tanutm tanv thAm
3. tanut m tanv tAm

1. tanvAma tanvAmahai
2. tanut tanudhvm
3. tanvntu tanvtam

I. ,
:
vr< v&[I:v, vrmet< v&[aeMyhm!, ddaim te vrm!.

sae =vIt!, twa ku. z&[u dev;eR,

Tv< ik< kraei;, ik< kuvRiNt t, -mStu v>.

ngrSy g&hai[ zae-nain siNt.

II. devanAgarI ,
.

m
kAla,
uXaHkala,
mahiman ( - A. sg.),
aSvinau ,
ratha,
aSva,
pakXin ( - L. pl.),
ulUka,
manuXya,
caura,
cakravAka,
kolAhala,
kRXaka,
ApaNika,
RXi,
yajVa,
vAyu;

f
uXas,
cakrvAkI;
n
kamala-vana,
 kriyA-bAhulya,
kXetra,
paNyAjira.

asmin L. sg. m idam
tam A. sg. m ta.

prAtar,
sAnandam,
sarvatra,
mandam.

jVA U., ... jAnI-/jAn- IX;
ud-i P., ... i-/e- II;
abhi-nand P., ... abhi-nanda- I;
prAp (pra-Ap) P., ... prApnu-/prApn- V;
prApya - prAp
passiv: dRSyte "", ""
tan U., ... tanu-/tan- VIII;
ul-las P., ... ul-lsa- I;
yA P., ... yA- II;
hu U., ... juhu-/juh- III;
vA P., ... vA- II;
darS P., ... pSya- IV;
prArabh ., ... prA-rabha- I; . rabh.

III. , sandhi, ,
:

%;>kal>
%;>kalSy mihman< kae n janait, AiSmn! kale sUyR %deit,

pi];u %lUkae mnu:ye;u c caErStu t< n Ai-nNdit,

cvakvakI< sanNd< aPnaeit, pi][> kaelhal< tNviNt,

kmlvn< sUyR< aPy %Llsit,

%;>kale svR iya-bahuLy< dZyte, k;k> ]e< yait,

Aapi[k> p{yaijr< gCDit, i;> y}< ar-te, vayumRNd< vait.

IV. :

Aakaz>
Aakazae ivzalae =iSt, AakazSyaNt> naiSt,

tas<Oyain n]ai[ siNt, Aakaze sUyRz! cNae -aEmae

buxae gu> zu> zin siNt,

 inzaya< cNSy %dyae -vit, tSy kaz>

zItlae =iSt, s> sUyaRt! kaz< ivNdit, pUi[Rmaya<

cNSy ibMb< vtRul< -vit, me[ tt!

]yit, AmavSyayamakaze tSya<zae naiSt,

zup]e cN> me[ v&i< gCDit,

k:[p]e me[ ]yit c,

raaE Aakaze tara dIVyiNt, k:[p]Sy inzaya<

tara[a< kazen A<xkar< nZyit,

inzaya< vym! AakazSy zae-a< pZyam>.

AkASa m -
viSAla - ,
anta m -
tatra -
asaWkhya -
nakXatra n - ; ;
candra m -
bhauma m -
budha m -
guru m -
Sukra m -
Sani m -
rAtri f -
prakASa m - ,
SItala -
vid U. ... vind- VI - ,
pUrNimA f -
bimba n -
vartula -
krameNa - adv.
kXi P. ... kXaya- I - ,
amAvasya f -
tasya (G. sg. "") -
aWSa m -
SuklapakXa m - ( )
vRddhi f - ,
vRddhim gam - ,
kRXNapakXa m -
tArA f -
naS P. ... nSya- IV -
andhakAra aWdhakAra n - ,
vayam -
SobhA f - ,
 XVII
.

.
.
II .
1. -A (yA "", vA ", ") .
:
pr. P. yAmi sg., yAvas du., yAmas pl.
2. - i "" 3 . pl. praesens imperativus yanti yantu.
3. -u (stu "" .) -u vRddhi
, .
-I-.
:
praesens 1 . staumi stavImi
imperfectum 3 . astaut astavIt
optativus 1 . stuyAm stuvIyAm
imperativus 3 . stautu stuvItu.
4. brU "" -I- ,
.
:
praesens . 1 . sg. bravImi, 1 . pl. brUmas
imperativus 3 . sg. bravItu, 2 . sg. bhUhi.
5. han "":
1) -n , -t -th.
:
praesens 2 . du hathas, 2. pl. hatas.
2) -- h gh 3 . pl. praesens, imperfectum imperativus: ghnanti,
aghnan, ghnantu.
3) 2 . sg. imperativus han - jahi.
6. as "", ,
, parasmaipada
:

sg. du. pl.

1. smi svs sms
2. si sths sth
3. sti sts snti
Imperfectum
1. sam sva sma
2. sIs stam sta
3. sIt stAm san
Optativus
1. sy m sy va sy ma
2. sy s sy tam sy ta
3. sy t sy tAm syr
Imperativus
1. sAni sAva sAma
2. edh stm sta
3. stu st m sntu
 III .
1. dA "" dhA ", "
dad- dadh-, 2 . imperativus - dehi dhehi.
sandhi.

dA, ... dadA-/dad-

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. ddAmi dadvs dadms
2. ddAsi datths datth
3. ddAti datts ddati
tmanepada
1. dad ddvahe ddmahe
2. dats dadthe dadhv
3. datt dadte ddate

imperfectum dhA, ... dadhA-/dadh

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. dadhAm dadhva dadhma
2. dadhAs dhattam dhatta
3. dadhAt dhattAm dadhus
tmanepada
1. dadhi dadhvahi dadhmahi
2. dhatthAs dadhAthAm dhaddhvam
3. dhatta dadhAtAm dadhata

2. mA "" () mimI-/mim-, I
, :
praesens mime, mimIXe
imperfectum amimi, amimIthAs
optativus mimIya, mimIthAs
imperativus mimai, mimAvahai.

V .
Sru "" SR: SRNo-/SRNu-.

VIII .
kar "" kuru,
, m, y v - kur.
v o a (imperfectum 1 . sg. parasmaipada imperativus 1
. Parasmaipada tmanepada).
 kar, ... kar-/kuru-

sg. du. pl.

Praesens

Parasmaipada
1. karmi kurvs kurms
2. karXi kuruths kuruth
3. karti kuruts kurvnti
tmanepada
1. kurv kurvhe kurmhe
2. kuruX kurv the kurudhv
3. kurut kurv te kurvte

Imperfectum

Parasmaipada
1. karavam* kurva kurma
2. karos kurutam kuruta
3. karot kurutAm kurvan
tmanepada
1. kurvi kurvahi kurmahi
2. kuruthAs kurvAthAm kurudhvam
3. kuruta kurvAtAm kurvata

Optativus

Parasmaipada
1. kury m kury va kury ma
2. kury s kury am kury ta
3. kury t kury tAm kuryr
tmanepada
1. kurvIy kurvIvhi kurvImhi
2. kurvIths kurvIy thAm kurvIdhvm
3. kurvIt kurvIy tam kurvIrn

Imperativus

Parasmaipada
1. karvANi karvAva karvAma
2. kur kurutm kurut
3. kartu kurutm kurvntu
tmanepada
1. karvai karvAvahai karvAmahai
2. kuruXv kurv thAm kurudhvm
3. kurut m kurv tAm kurvtAm

* karo + at karav + at karavat

IX .
jVA "" ,
.. jAn-/jAnI-.
grah "" gRh ,
.. gRhN-/gRhNI-.
 ,
, , . ,
var "" :
varya - X I
vRN-/vRNu- - V II
vRN-/vRNI- - IX II .

I. devanAgarI :
likhAmi - kena hastena likhasi - anena hastena likhAmi -
sa dakXiNahastaH - anyo vAmahastaH
bhruvoradhastAnnetre vartete - netre karNau mukham
nAsikA SIrXaM grIvo hastau pAdau ca SarIrasyAgAni santi

II. as, kar darS Parasmaipada,

; devanAgarI:

sutaH kiM (kar); sa puraM yAti. dakXiNahastena likhAmi; haste paVcAgulyaH (as);
dvayor hastayor daSAgulyaH (as); hastAbhyAM kiM (kar, 2 . pl.);
hastAbhyAM kAryANi (kar, 1 . pl.) (kar, 3 . pl.) ca . netrAbhyAM kiM (kar, 2 . pl.);
netrAbhyAM (darS, 1 . pl.); nAsikAyAM dvau randhrau (as).

paVca -
aguli f -
kArya n - ,
randhra m, n - ; .

III. imperativus 2 sg. parasmaipada Sru, brU, kar, i, gam, bhU, var
(. IX, P. X, V), 3 sg. Parasmaipada as.

IV. devanAgarI ,
.

m
devarXi,
aSvapati;
f
devatA,
sAvitrI,
vidyA,
pAtratA;
n
pradAna,
bhadra,
pAtratva.

vAcya,
anya,
Sobhana,
avighna,
sarva.

vistareNa.

Ap V .,
abhyas I .

tvam;
vas encl. A., D., G. tvam.

V. , sandhi,
, :

z&[u dev;eR. Uih ivStre[. vr< v&[I:vapte.

devtana< ywa vaCyae n -vey< twa ku .

@ih saivi gCD TvmNy< vry zae-ne.

AivmStu saivya> danm!. svRe;a< -mStu v>.

iv*a ddait ivny< ivnya*ait patam!,

paTvanmaaeit xnamR< tt> suom!.

yid zaSm_ySyey< tda gurvStu:yeyu>.

VI. :
1)
kiv> kraeit kaVyain rs< janait pi{ft>,

t> s&jit pu:pai[ mhit saEr-m!. 1.

kavi m -
kAvya n - ;
rasa m - , ;
paN]ita m - ( )
taru m -
sarj, ... sRja- - ; ;
puXpa n -
marut m -
vah - , ; (, )
saurabha n
 2)
svRe =ip suion> sNtu svRe sNtu inramya>,

svRe -ai[ pZyNtu n ki>omauyat!.

sukhin - , - N.pl. m
nirAmaya - ,
na kaScid -
api - , ;
as II .
darS IV .
Ap V .
 XVIII
1. .
2. sandhi -s.
3. .
4. : .

1. .
-
-sy.
-Xya -iXya. [ se[ ani[ . XXII.]
-sya
-A, -Xya - , -iXya - -ar.
:
dA "" - dAsy-
kar "" - kariXy-.
, i, I, u,
guNa, .. e, o.
:
likh "" - lekhiXy-
nI "" - neXy-
budh "" - bodhiXy-.
, U, o/au,
-i -av.
:
bhU "" - bho-/bhau- + iXya bhaviXya-.

2. sandhi -s.
, -s,
:
1) S, X, c, ch, - j h k, s X [saWdhi . X, 2.]
:
tuX "" tokXy-, pac "" pakXy-, prach "" prakXy -,
yuj "" yokXy-, lih "" lekXy -.
kX, X[, ps, pt ar, Ar al.
:
darS "" darkXy- drakXy-.

2) -d, -dh, -s t.
:
sad "" satsy-, sAdh "" sAtsy-,
vas "" vatsy-, vasiXy-.
 3. .

. .

gam "" P. dA "" .

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. gamiXyAmi gamiXyAvas gamiXyAmas
2. gamiXysi gamiXythas gamiXytha
3. gamiXyti gamiXytas gamiXynti

tmanepada
1. dAsy dAsyAvahe dAsyAmahe
2. dAsyse dAsythe dAsydhve
3. dAsyte dAsyte dAsynte

4. : .
(nomen agentis)
-tar, .. + -tar. i/I-, u/U-
, -tar
-i.
:
kar - kartar ", "
rakX "" - rakXitar "".
-tar
-I:
m kartar f kartarI
m rakXitar - f rakXitarI.

I. + -tar
:
nI <>, ji <>,
Sru <>, dA <>, hu < >.

II.
; devanAgarI:
pat (I), budh (I), bhU (I), nI (I), gam (I),
sthA (I), likh (VI), bhram (IV), yA (II), dA (III),
Sru (V), kar (VIII), jVA (IX), dhA (III), bhAX (I).
 III. dhA (P.) budh (.).

IV. :

? ? ? ?
? ? .
? ( ) ?

? kim
? kutra
? kva
? kadA
, ? katham
satya n

V. devanAgarI ,
.

m f
n
pati kalyANI vastra
saumya mAlA gRha
muni

tejasvinI f.

Svas,
adhunA,
nirantaram,
eva,
naiva na + eva,
evam,
api,
sadA,
kSipram,
tAvat.

abhi-dhA,
ava-dhA,
sadhay,
abhi-bhAX,
A-gam.

aham,
tvam, tava G.sg. tvam,
vayam,
yUyam,
etad,
sa,
tad,
kas,
yuXmAn A.pl. tvam.
 VI , sandhi, , :

ik< kir:yis. Kv yaSyaim. pit< yis kLyai[ i]m!.

Tv< raaE ku gim:yis, Ah< tv g&h< gim:yaim, s say< nEv

gim:yit, yda s gim:yit tda Tv< ik< kir:yis,

yda Tv< > t gim:yis tda Ah< Aip t @v Aagim:yaim.

Tv< kda leio:yis, Ah< pmxunEv iloaim. k:[> mala< kir:yit.

ramae inrNtr< vid:yit, Tv< sda ik< vid:yis. k:[ae vS<

daSyit, k:[ae vS< ne:yit. kir:yaMyetdev<.

-uiv kNya tejiSvnI saEMy i]mev -iv:yit.

yda muinyuR:mani--ai;:yte tda yUymvxaSyXve. yda ngr< yaSyw tda mm g&h<

gim:yw.

VII. :
1)
n kidip janait ik< kSy ae -iv:yit,

At> > kr[Iyain kuyaRd*Ev buiman!.

na kaScid -
kasya G.sg. - ka
atas -
karaNIya - , ()
adya -
buddhimAn N.sg. buddhimant - ;

2)
hirar< gim:yaim t c gaya %m< ihmacl< c yaim

svaRsa< devtana< pUja< c ivxay SvkIy< am< itinvTSyaRim.

haridvara m - (. )
udgama m - ,
himAcala m -
vidhAya (ger. vidhA) - ,
pUjA f - ,
svakIya -
prati-ni-vart - (.)
 XIX
1. -ar/-tar.
2. .
3. conditionalis.

1.
-ar/-tar.
-ar/-tar ,
, :
1) , :
pitar -
mAtar -
duhitar -
bhrAtar -
svasar -
bhartar
.
2) (nomina agentis), :
rakXitar - ,
dAtar - ,
nomina agentis , , A. sg., N.A.
du. N.V. pl. nomina agentis vRddhi (A),
- guNa (a).
Nomina agentis (-)

-ar/-tar

sg. du. pl.

m f n m f n m f n
N. A/ R/ au RN/I as RN/i
Acc. am N X
I. A RN/A R/bhis
D. e RN/e tR/bhyAm R/bhyas
Abl. ur RN/as
G. tr/os RN/os N/Am
L. i RN/i Xu
V. ar/ R/ =N. =N.

:
1) I. D. , I.-Abl. G.L.
( N.V.!)
(dAtR-, pitR-, mAtR-).

1
 2) N. -ar/-tar
r (dAtA, pitA, mAtA).
3) Abl.G. -ar/-tar
-ur. [ -R + -s (.. -R + -s).]
4) svasar "" bhartar "" .

nomen agentis
: pitar "", rikXitar "".

N. pit rakXit
A. pitram rakXitram
I. pitr rakXitr
D. pitr rakXitr
Abl.
G. pitr rakXitr
L. pitri rakXitri
V. ptar rakXitar

N.A.V. pitrau rakXitArau
I.D.Abl. pitbhyAm rakXitbhyAm
G.L. pitrs rakXitrs

N. pitras rakXitAras
A. pitN rakXitN
I. pitbhis rakXitbhis
D.
pitbhyas rakXitbhyas
Abl.
G. pitNAm rakXitNAm
L. pitXu rakXitXu
V. ptaras rakXitAras

2.
.
II
nominis agentis -tar N. sg.
as "". (
). 3 . as .
as Parasmaipada - . XVI, tmanepada as
3- .

as tmanepada

sg. du. pl.

1. he svahe smahe
2. se sathe dhve

2

dA, dAtar, N. sg. dAtA.

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. dAtAsmi dAtAsvas dAtAsmas
2. dAtAsi dAtAsthas dAtAstha
3. dAtA dAtArau dAtAras

tmanepada
1. dAtAhe dAtAsvahe dAtAsmahe
2. dAtAse dAtAsathe dAtAdhve
3. dAtA dAtArau dAtAras

3. conditionalis.

conditionalis. (
)
.
conditionalis
() a-, , , kar, P.

sg. du. pl.

1. kariXyAm kariXyAva kariXyAma
2. kariXyas kariXyatam kariXyata
3. kariXyat kariXyatAm kariXyan

I. (m f).

II. :
jetar, kartar, netar, dAtar, pradAtar, Srotar, rakXitar, bhavitar.

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
pANini;
f
svAsti,
D. + namaH -,
D. + svAsti -;
n
vacana,
jIvana,

3
 SAstra,
namas.

vAcya.

:
A-prach VI,
adhi-gam I,
anu-sar I,
nam I,
pUj I.

IV. , sandhi, ,
:

rwen jeta gCDtu. nee SviSt. aetarae guraevRcnEStu:yNtu.

netarmnusram>. he bal iptrmap&CDSv. he Svs> ipaegR&he ite>.

amm* gCDtimit matraE puav-a;etam!. duihtrae matr< nmNtu.

duihtr< iptraE r]eta< Svsar< atrae mat> pua r]eyu>.

-taRr< -tuR iptr< matr< c pI devainv pUjyet!.

jIvne ktaRr @v suomixgCDiNt. zaSSy kRe pai[nye nm>.

Adata ipta vaCy> pu vaCyae maturri]ta.

V. :

Aw ImgvIta
s<jy %vac

pawR pZyEtaNsmvetaNkuinit. 24.

tapZyiTSwtaNpawR> iptnw iptamhan!,

AacayaRNmatulaNatNpuaNpaEaNsoI<Stwa

zuraNsudEv senyae-yaerip.

atha - , , ,
shrImat - , ( )
bhagavadgItA f - " ", . - ,
VI " "
saWjaya m - nom. pr.
pArtha m - ,
darS -
etAn A. pl. m etad
samavetA pl. - ,
kuru m pl. - , ,

4
tatra -
sthita -
pitAmaha m - ( )
mAtula m - ,
pautra m -
sakhi m - ,
sakhIWstathA - sakhIW -s-tathA (. sandhi, X, 5)
SvaSura m -
suhRd m - , suhRdas A. pl.
ubha - ,
api - ,
caiva - ca eva
senA f - .

5
 XX

sandhi.

Iivnayk>
I

Ay< k>? Ay< Iivnyk>, ASy ipta k>?

ASy ipta Iprmer>, ASy mata ka ? ASy mata

IpavRtI, ASy ata Isu{y>.

pZy! ivnaykSy zrIr< nrSyev Aann< gjSyev

c vteRte Atae =y< gjann> #it nam -jte, y*PySy

Aann< gjSyev vtRte twaPySy dNt @k @v, gjSy

tu aE dNtaE St>, gjSyevaSy muoe zu{fa iv*te.

SrI- - , , ( , ,
)
vinAyaka m - - (gaNeSa)
ayam - , ;
asya - (G. m sg. idam <, >)
parameSvara m - -
pArvatI f - nom. pr. ,
subrahmaNya m - , ,
SarIra m, n - ,
nara m - ,
iva -
Anana n -
vart (U. I) - (); ,
atas -
gajAnana -
bhaj (U. I) - ,
nAma N. sg. nAman n -
yadyapi (yadi + api) -
tathApi (tathA + api) - ,
danta m - ;
eva - ,
tu - ,
mukha n -
SuN]A f -
vidyate - 3 . sg. p. vid II (U. VI) - ,
gajasyevAsya - gajasya + iva + asya

1
 II
ivnaykae ivana< raja, Atae iv*arM-kale balaSt<

nmiNt, twa nMyman> s ivan! Apaehit, gaeivNd>

itidn< ivnayk< pUjyit, ten s inivR< svaRi[ kayaRi[

saxyit, Tvmip Tyh< ivnayk< pUjy, tvaip svRiSmn!

kmR{yiv< -iv:yit, At @v svRe =ip

vtu{f mhakay kaeiqsUyRsm-,

Aiv< ku me dev svRkayRe;u svRda.

#it awRyNte.

vighna m - , ,
rAjan m N.sg. -
vidyArambhakAla (vidyA + Arambha + kAla) m -
bAla m -
tam (A. sg. m sa) -
nam (P. I) - ; ,
tathA -
namyamAna -
apoh (apa + Uh P. I) - ,
govinda m - ,
pratidinam adv. - ,
pUj X - ,
tena - ,
nirvighnam adv. - ,
kArya n -
sAdhay - ,
pratyaham adv. = pratidinam
tava -
sarvasmin L. sg. sarva - ,
karmaNi L. sg. karman n - ;
avighna n - ,
sarve N.pl. sarva
prArth (pra-arth), ... prArthaya - X - - (.)
vakratuN]a - ();
mahAkAya - ,
ko[isUryasamaprabha - ,
sarvakArya n -
sarvadA adv. -

2
 XXI
1. .
2. () .

1. .
()
(. pA - piba-, sthA tiX[ha, hu - juhu), , ,
. ,
:
1) " + + "
:
tud tutud
pat papat
darS dadarS
2)
:
bhid bibhid ""
bhU babhU
3) I ()
II (); h j:
kar cakar
gam jagam
har "" jahar
: han "" jaghan
4) , s + , -s:
stambh tastambh ""
stu tuX[u ""
sthA tasthA
5) , , :
as As
ad Ad ""
iX IX
6) :
nI ninI
jIv jijIv
jVA jajVA
7) , -r-, -r- :
pracch papracch
bhram babhram
8) , va-, ya- u- i-: [
samprasAraNa - . XXV, 1.]
vac uvac
vas uvas
vad uvad
yaj iyaj
 2. () .
, [
, 1
( , ., " ").]
, .
perfectum imperfectum.
- .
: .
,
a, i, u R.

.

Parasmaipada tmanepada
sg. du. pl. sg. du. pl.
1. -a -va -ma -e -vahe -mahe
2. -tha -athur -a -se -Athe -dhve
3. -a -atur -ur -e -Ate -ire

, , ,
-i-, -r -u (, kar, Sru).
guNa 1, 2
3 . Parasmaipada. , ,
-a- , 3 .
Parasmaipada vRddhi. .
Parasmaipada tmanepada
. .

kar "":

guNa - cakar, vRddhi - cakAr, cakR.

Parasmaipada tmanepada

1. cakra cakr
2. cakrtha cakRX
3. cak ra cakr

1. cakRv cakRvhe
2. cakrthur cakr the
3. cakrtur cakr te

1. cakRm cakRmhe
2. cakr cakRdhv
3. cakrr cakrir

I. ,
:
budh, likh, darS, SikX, gam, bhram, stambh, pa[h, as,
cal, vac, ah "", pat, car, vas, khAd, pracch, yuj, jIv,
nI, vad, kar, sthA, kamp, bhAX.

II. 1 . 3 . sg. 3 . pl. parasmaipada kar,

gam, ah, gad "".

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
rAjan, rAjA - N. sg.,
pura,
dvijAti,
dharma,
duXyanta,
nArada,
nRpa,
svapura,
saWtAna,
janaka;
n
pAdAbhivAdana,
nAman, nAma - A. sg.,
SIla,
rUpa;
f
mithilA,
sItA.

abhijVA.

parama,
mitabhojana,
anupama.

mAm A.sg aham
iva
purA adv.
XaX[ha
tadA
sA N.sg f ta
tasya G.sg m ta

IV. , sandhi, ,
:
pura imiwlaya< jnkae nam raja b-Uv, tSy

suta sIta nam, sa pe zIle canupma b-Uv.

 sa ce padai-vadnm!. jgam Svpur< n&p>.

nard %vac. rajaevac. saivyuvac.

s<tan< prmae xmR #TyamaR< ijaty>.

du:yNtae raja zkuNtla< nai-j}e.

V. :
pura ikl du:yNtae nam raja b-Uv, s @kda

vnimyay, t< tSy sEinka AmaTyaanujGmu>, tiSmNkanne

du:yNtae bhNm&ga"an mageR c

idVyampd< ddzR, tSy sEinka> pUvRiSmev Swane tSwu>,

k{vSyaym&;eram #it }aTva t< ivvez, ivZy c kae nu

-ae Aeit pCD,

kila ,
ekadA
nAma
i
sainika m -
tasya G.sg m ta
amAtya m ,
anugam (),
tasmin L.sg m ta
kAnana n -
bahu
mRga m , ,
han
mArga m
divyASramapada n , ,
darS
pUrva , ( L.sg m, n n )
sthAna n -
sthA ,
kaNva m nom. pr
RXi m ,
ayam N.sg. m idam
ASrama m
jVAtvA ( jVA)
viS ,
praviS , (A.)
praviSya ( praviS)
kas
nu ,
bho ! !
atra
pracch ,
 XXII
1. .
2. .
3. 1- 2- .

1. .

:
, -A, 1 . 3 . sg. Parasmaipada -au;
-A du. pl.

Parasmaipada yA
tmanepada jVA

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. yayu yayiv yayim
2. yay tha yaythur yay
3. yayu yaytur yayr
tmanepada
1. jajV jajVivhe jajVimhe
2. jajViX jajV the jajVidhv
3. jajV jajV te jajVir

-a-, (..
C`VC``) (..
), a e.

Parasmaipada pat ""

tmanepada labh "".

Parasmaipada - papat-, - papAt-, - pet-

sg. du. pl.
1. papta petiv petim
2. papttha petthur pet
3. pap ta pettur petr

tmanepada lebh-
sg. du. pl.
1. lebh lebhivhe lebhimhe
2. lebhiX lebh the lebhidhv
3. lebh lebh te lebhir
 , va- ya- , , u- i- (.
XXI), v y u i;
u i - U, I. : vac "" ( - uvac-,
- uvAc-, - -Uc (u + uc) - 3 . pl. P. Ucur; yaj " "
( - iyaj, - iyAj, - Ij) - 3 . pl. P. Ijur.

2. .
.
, I, U (,
), As "" vid "".
-Am -
as "", bhU "" () kar "" - .
:
vidAM cakAra " "
AsAM babhUva " "
darSayAM Asa " , ".

3. 1- 2-
.
- aham "" tvam "" -
. (
). mad asmad
1- , tvad yuXmad 2- .
A. D. G. 1- 2-
, .

N.V. ahm tvam
A. mAm, mA tvAm, tvA
I. myA tvyA
D. mhyam, me tbhyam, te
Abl. mad tvad
G. mma, me tva, te
L. myi tvyi

N.V. Av m yuv m
A. Av m, nau yuv m, vAm
I. Av bhyAm yuv bhyAm
D. Av bhyAm, nau yuv bhyAm, vAm
Abl. Av bhyAm yuv bhyAm
G. Avyos, nau yuvyos, vAm
L. Avyos yuvyos

N.V. vaym yUym
A. asm n, nas yuXm n, vas
I. asm bhis yuXm bhis
D. asmbhyam, nas yuXmbhyam, vas
Abl. asmd yuXmd
G. asm kam, nas yuXm kam, vas
L. asm su yuXm su

I. aham tvam, :
me, mayi, nas, vayam, mAm, vas, asmAn, asmad, yuXmad, tava, tvAm, mama, mayA, tvayA, te, vAm.

II. Parasmaipada sthA

tmanepada man "".

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m f
rAjakumAra, devakanyA,
janaka, damayantI,
dUta, patnI;
nRpa,
pArthiva,
jana,
n
bhIma,
vacana,
vivAha,
svanagara,
nala,
bhavana.
dharmarAja;

varadA f,
prApta.

tam A. sg. m ta
enam A. sg. m enad
kaScid
tasmai D.sg. m ta.
iyam N. sg. f idam
tAm A. sg. f ta
etAni N. pl. n etad

tadA,
evam,
tatra.

tu,
saha.

preXaya-,
darSaya-,
saW-man,
varaya-,
kAraya-,
ram.
IV. , sandhi, ,
:

rajkumara jnkay dUtan! e;yamasu>.

devI dzRyamas t< n&pm!, %vac cEn< vrda vcn<

paiwRv< tda. aey< devkNyeit s<meinre jna>.

ta< tu n kiryamas.

-Imae ivvah< karyamas dmyNTya nlSy c, s jgam

Svngr< t c reme sh pTNya. xmRraj> Svmev -vn< yyaE.

V. :
()

k{vSy kitka duihta zkuNtlamaihjRgam du:yNt< c

Svagt< Vyajhar, du:yNt> zkuNtla< ddazR ta< c ckme,

tSya> pai[< gaNxvRe[ ivixna raja jah,

AnNtr< k<icTkal< tavu-aE tiSmame icIftu>,

sEinka> pur< invv&itre, rajaip paTSv< ngrmupyyaE.

:
kRtikA f :
bahis (+ Abl.)
svAgata n - ( -)
vyAhar ,
kam
tAm A.sg f ta
tasyAs G.sg f ta
gAndharva ( )
vidhinA adv. ,
anantaram ,
kaWcid A.sg. m ka cit
kAla m ,
krI] ,
sainika m -
tau N.du. ()
ubha
nivart
api
paScAd
nagara m,n -
upayA ,
 XXIII
1. se[ ani[.
2. .
3. sandhi .
4. tad.

1. se[ ani[.
, -t -s,
-i-. . -i-
( XVII) ( XIX).
-i- ,
se[ (sa+i[ " i") [i[ - i.] ani[ (an+i[
" i"). ve[ (va+i[ " i").
se[ , , pat, bhAX, jIv, likh, pa[h; ani[ -
ji, Sru, darS, sthA, yA; ve[ , , nI (
neXy- nayiXy-).

2. .
se[ ani[ .
1) tum, se[ - itum
, a/A- , i/I - u
guNa, U - vRddhi.
:
pat - patitum, nI - netum, bhU - bhavitum.
.

2) .
- -tvA
se[ - itvA.
: pat - patitvA, bhU - bhUtvA, kar - kRtvA, mil "" - militvA.
- -ya,
-tya.
: nipat "" - nipatya, saWSru "" - saWSrutya, Agam - "" -
Agamya Agatya.
.

3. sandhi .
-tvA ani[,
, sandhi.

t :
-k, -kh, -g, -c, -j + t- -kt- (vac - vaktum, uktvA)
 -[, -[h, -] + t- -[[- ( )
-t, -th, -d + t- -tt- (chid "" - chettum, chittvA)
-p, -ph, -b + t- -pt- (svap "" - svaptum, suptvA)

-h t- :
-gh, -h(1) + t- gdh (dah "" - dagdhum, dagdhvA)
-dh + t- -ddh- (budh "" - boddhum, buddhvA)
-bh + t- -bdh- (labh "" - labdhum, labdhvA)
-h2 + t- -]h- (lih "" le]hum, lI]hvA)

S, X, -ch -j ( ) + t- -X[- (prach "" praX[um,

pRX[vA; darS "" draX[um, dRX[vA).

4. tad.
M tad ,
.
ta- : - sa ", ", -
sA ", ", - tad ", ".

tad:

N.V. sas, sa sA
A. tam tad tAm
I. tena tyA
D. tsmai tsyai
Abl. tsmAd tsyAs
G. tsya
L. tsmin tsyAm

N.A.V. tau te te
I.D.Abl. t bhyAm
G.L. tyos

N.V. te tni tAs

A. tAn
I. tais t bhis
D.Abl. tbhyas t bhyas
G. tSAm t sAm
L. tXu t su

tad
etad "".

I. ;
; devanAgarI:
han, ativart, darS, Sru, kar, bhU, gam, labh.

II. ;
; devanAgarI:
darS, AsthA, vac, samutpat, abhigam, Sru, kar, bhU, Akram, upagam.

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
ratha,
nArada,
doXa,
viSvAmitra,
svayaWvara,
paura,
kAlidAsa;
n
pAdAbhivAdana,
tridiva;
f
ASA,
mithilApurI.

iX - icch- VI
arh - rha- I
Sak - Sakn-/Saknu- V
tvar - tvra- I.

,
eva,
prayatnena
Sakyam.

haima,
racita,
parAvara.

idam,
asya.

IV. , sandhi, ,
:

iptr< d&!va sa ce padai-vadnm!.

Aaza< nahRis me hNtu<. sa hEm< rwmaSway vnain jgam.

 . nard %vac.

@k @vaSy dae;ae ih gu[anaMy itit,

s c dae;> yen n zK(mitvitRtum!. 22.

. mak{fey %vac.

@vmu!va smuTpTy nardiSidv< gt>.

aetuimDaim saivi pravrm!. ivaim> Svy<vr<

< imiwlapurI< yyaE. sae =i-gMy iya< -ayRamuvac.

svRe paEra> kaildasen rict< naqk< umagCDn!.

V. :

#d< me vcn< uTva -tuRrNve;[e Tvr,

devtana< ywa vaCyae n -vey< twa ku.

:

idam
vacana n - ,
bhartar m -
anveXaNa n -
. XII, IV

sa smasa* saivI -tRarmupgMy c,

%Tse =Sy izr> kTva in;sad mhItle. 5.

:

samAsad - : ,
upagam
utsaWga m -
Siras n - (A.sg)
niHsad ,
mahItala n - , .
 XXIV
1. .
2. " ".
3. .
4. idam adas.

1. .

.
,
. .
+ -ya, .
:
darS "" - dRSy-, prach "" - pRchy-,
vac "" - -ucy-, bhU "" - bhUy-,
pa[h "" pa[hy-, grah "" - gRhy-.
.

1) , , :
A I: dA "" dIy-, pA "" pIy -, gA (gai) "" gIy-
i I: ji "" jIy-
u U: Sru "" SrUy-, stu "" stUy-
R(ar) ri: kR (kar) "" kriy-
: SI "" Sayy-, hve "" hUy-.

2) , :
) : bandh- "" badhy-
) -an :
jan "()" jany- jAy-
tan "" tany- tAy-.
: div "" dIvy-, SAs "" SiXy-.

tmanepada.
, ,
,
tmanepada.
:
dIyte "", dIyata "", dIysva " ", dIyta " ".
I.,
N., .
:
nRpaH (N.sg.) arIn (A.pl.) ajayat (impf. ji), .. nRpo .arInajayat " " -
: nRpeNa (I.sg.) apayaH (N.pl.) ajIyanta (impf. passiv), .. nRpeNArayo `jIyanta
" o ".
 2. " ".
.
3 . sg.: bhU "" - bhUyate, sthA "" - sthIyte, gam
"" - gamyte, svap "" supyte.
" ";
.
:
ahaM tiX[hAmi (1 . pr. sthA) " " " " mayA (I.) sthIyate (3 . sg.);
saritas (N.pl. sarit "") vahanti (3 . pl. pr. vah ""), .. sarito vahanti " "
" " saridbhis (I.pl.) uhyate (3 . sg.), .. saridbhiruhyate.

3. .

-mAna.
:
dA "" dIya- dIyamAna ""
kar "" kriya- kriyamAna ""
Sru "" SrUya SrUyamAna "".
-a
(. IX).
-a.
:
dIyamAnA "", kriyamAnA "", SrUyamAnA "".
-A
(. X).

4. idam adas.
tad ", ",
3- , etad "",
idam ""
( ) adas "" (
, ).
,
( - , XXVI).

idm

N.V. aym idm iym

A. imm im m
I. anna anyA
D. asmi asyi
Abl. asm d asy s
G. asy
L. asmn asy m


N.A.V. imu im
I.D.Abl. Abhy m
G.L. anyos

N.V. im im ni im s
A. im n
I. ebhs Abhs
D.Abl. ebhys Abhyas
G. eX m As m
L. eX As

adas

N.V. asu ads asu

A. amm am m
I. amnA amyA
D. amXmai amXyai
Abl. amXmAd amXyAs
G. amXya amXyAs
L. amXmin amXyAm

N.A.V. am
I.D.Abl. am bhyAm
G.L. amyos

N.V. am am ni am s
A. am n
I. ambhis am bhis
D.Abl. ambhyas am bhyas
G. amXAm am XAm
L. amXu am Xu

enad ", ",

A. , I. G.L. :

sg.
A. enam enad enAm
I. enena enayA
du.
A. enau ene
G.L. enayos
pl.
A. enAn enAni enAs

I. :
kar, bhU, vac, prach "", Sru, ji, dA, pA, sthA, vad, grah "", pa[h "", jan
"", div ", ", SI "", pUj "", gA "", vah "".

II. darS, ji, prach, pUj, grah

1) 3 . sg.
2) N.sg.

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
bhagavan - V.sg. bhagavant,
dUta,
ISvara,
chAtra,
svadeSa,
vidvAn N.sg. vidvaWs;
f
sarit;
n
gIta,
nagara,
vidvattva,
nRpatva.

upa-diS,
tyaj,
vand,
prakAS.

tulya.

kadAcana,
naiva (na eva).

IV. , sandhi, ,
:
 Aen jl< pIyte, kNya_ya< gIt< gIyte, AacayRExRmR %pidZyte,

imESTyJye, \;yae jnen vN*Nte, devae vN*te, $re[ -Uyte,

Uyte -gvNdUtaStvagCDiNt, jnEnRgr< gMyte, sUyRe[ kaZyte,

DaE> aeka> pQ(Nte, sirite, yu:mai-*te,

ivv< c n&pTv< c nEv tuLy< kdacn,

Svdeze pUJyte raja ivan! svR pUJyte.

V. :

kmlm!

kmlain sris p jayNte, pZy kainict! kusumain

mukuiltain kainict! ivkistain c d&ZyNte,

kmlana< mXy-age ikLka> siNt, te;u sugNxy> praga

iv*Nte, mxukra> axaNyen kmle_yae mxu ipbiNt, kmle;u

nanajaty> siNt, t nIlmM-aehm! %Tplm! #it

rm! kaekndm! #it istm! pu{frIkm! #it caeCyNte.

kamala n
saras n , ( L.sg)
panka m ,
jan ... jAya- I ,
kAnicid -, , ...
kusuma n -
mukulita , ( )
vikasita , ( )
madhybhAga (madhya-bhAga) m ,
kiVjalka m,n -
sugandhi ,
parAga m - ()
vid ... vind VI -
madhukara (madhu-kara) m
prAdhAnyena adv. ,
madhu n -
jA f ,
nAnAjAtayas N.pl. ,
nIla -
ambhoruha m utpala n \
rakta - kokanada n - ~
sita - puN]arIka n /
 XXV
1. (). samprasAraNa.
2. .
3. : , , .

1. ().
samprasAraNa.
, XII,
, :

guNa vRddhi
A A
a (n) am Am
an An

:
sthA "": sthi-/sthA-/ sthA-
gam "": ga-/gam-/gAm-
jan "": jA-/jan-/jAn-.
i/I, u/U R y, r v,
, samprasAraNa

guNa vRddhi
i ya yA
u va vA
R ra rA
I yA yA
U vA vA

:
yaj "": ij-/yaj-/yA[-
vac "": uk-/vak-/vAc-
svap "": sup-/svap-/svAp-
pracch "": pRX-/praX-/prA[-
grah "": gRh-/grah-/grAh-.

2.
.
(participium perfecti passivi, pp.)
-(i)ta () -na . *-na
-r . , par
"" - pUrNa ", "; hA "" - hIna ", ".]
.
 samprasAraNa, :
har "" hRta ""
jVA "" jVAta ", "
likh "" likhita ""
ma ", " mita ", "
dhA "; " dhita/hita "; "
jan "" jAta "".

, dh, bh h [ -ta
h g] -ta -t .

: labh "" - labh + ta labdha ""

bandh "" - badh + ta baddha ""
dah ", " dagdha ", "

: dA "" datta ""

pac ", " pakva ""
hva ", " huta ", ".

-m, -a-, m n
( t):
kram ", " krAnta ""
kXam "" kXAnta "; "
Sram "" SrAnta "".

, -ta -na ;
:
gam "" gata ""
sthA "" sthita "".

-ta
N., ,
:
sa gataH " ", sa sthitaH " ".
-ta I.,
:
tenoktam (tena uktam) " ", .. " ";
jVAtaM mayA yat... " (I.!) () , ...", .. " , ...".

-ta -na - ,
.

- (participium
necessitatis, p.n.) - , ..
- , () .
-ya-, -(i)tavya -
anIya. -ya (kar kArya "
"), (ji jeya " ") (darS
dRSya " "). -tavya -anIya
(kar kartavya, karanIya - ). A A e
(dA "" deya ", ; , ").
3. : , ,
.
yad "", , tad,
, .. N.sg. m yaH "", f yA "", n yad "".

ka- "? ?"

ta-, N.sg. m kaH "?", f kA "?", n kim "?".

api, ca, cana cid.
:
kaScid - "-",
kiWcid - "-",
kAcid - "-", .
na:
na kaScid - "",
na kiWcid - "",
na kAcid - "", .
, ..
,
sandhi.
: I. sg. m, n kenacid,
L. sg. m, n kasmiWScit (sandhi -n . X,5).

1 2
-Iya:
mad - madIya ""
asmad - asmadIya ""
tvad - tvadIya ""
yuXmad - yuXmadIya ""
2. sg. pl.
bhavadIya "", "".
asmAka "" yuXmAka "". G.sg. mama
"", tava "", tasya "".

I. ya-
ka-.

II. 1) :

labh, paribhU "", grah, rakX, pat, pI] "", jVA, rud "", prabudh, bandh,
dA, sthA, Agam, svap, vac.

2)
; devanAgarI:

var - varaNIyaH; pa[h pa[hanIyaH;

dA deyam; kar - kAryA, karaNIyA, kRtyA;
pramad " ..., -" - pramaditavyam.
 III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
vanoddeSa,
paSu,
mUXaka,
prabhu,
samrA[,
parAkrama;
f
rAtri,
chAyA,
nidrA;
n
bila,
SarIra.

(. . II.,1)

bhakX X. ... bhakXaya

nart IV. ... nRtyA-.

divA,
bahu,
bahis,
sanandam.

paribhramant ( N.sg. m),

cintavant ( N.sg. m).

IV. , sandhi, , :

pvRtSy smIpe vnmasIt!, tiSmn! vne is<hae =vst!, s c idva igraE suae raaE

vne pirmn! pzUn-]yt!, kdaict! -Utmahar< icNtvany< is<hae v&]Sy Dayaya< inya

pir-Ut>, bhvae mU;ka iblad! bihragta> sanNd< is<hSy zrIre =n&Tyn!, ten pIift>

is<h> bUae =-vt!, mU;ka[amek> is<hen g&hIt>, tenaem!, -ae> -ae , Tv< pzUna<

saq! Uyse, tv pramae }at>,

( )
V. :

pm!
Aiy iy suTsaem !

-vdIy< p< mya lBxm!,

}at< mya yt! Tv< mhaiv*aly< veyis,

t ke iv;ya> AXyynawR< vr[Iya>,

ihNdI c Aa<gl-a;a c AvZy< pQnIye,

vEkiLpke;u iv;ye;u Tvya s<Sktm! @v AXyetVym!,

:

ayi ( ) !
suhRd m - ( V.sg. m);
bhavadIya , ;
yat ;
mahAvidyAlaya m, n - ;
praviS - , ... pravekXya-
viXaya m - , ;
adhyayanArtham ;
hindI f - ;
AWgalabhAXA f - ;
pa[h , -;
avaSyam , ;
vaikalpika ;
adhI - .
 XXVI
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. n.

1. .
:
1) -ta -na -vant.
:
kar "" kRta- kRtavant "";
Sru "" Sruta- Srutavant "".
2) -
(i)vaWs- ( ).
:
kar "" cakR- cakRvaWs ""
gam "" jagm- jagmivaWs "".
: ,
, .

2. .
.
1) parasmaipada
-nt.
:
gam - ... gccha- gacchant ""
likh - ... likh- likhant ""
bhU - ... bhva- bhavant ", "
vas - ... vsa- vasant ""

- ,
-ant.
:
kar - ... kuru-/kar- kurvant (kuru-ant) ""
dA - ... dad-/dadA dadant ""

2) tmanepada
-mAna.
:
labh - ... lbha- labhamAna ""
bhAX - ... bhAXa- bhAXamAna "".

-Ana.
:
tan - ... tanu-tan- tanvAna (tanu-Ana) ""
su - ... sunu-/sun- sunvAna (sunu-Ana) "; ".

XXVIII.

3. .

.

:
1). D.Abl. L. sg. -sma-.
2). L. sg. -in.
3). D.Abl. G.L. sg. -sya-.
4). N.pl. -.
5). G. pl. -Am s.

.

:
any ""
anytara " "
tara ""
ekatama " ( )"

katar " ( ?)"
katam " ( ?)"

yatar " ( )"
yatam " ( )"

srva ", ; " ( N.A.sg. n = m).

pra ", " prva ""

, .

sarva ", ; "

m n f

N.V. sarvas sarvam sarvA

A. sarvam sarvAm
I. sarveNa sarvayA
D. sarvasmai sarvasye
Abl. sarvasmAd sarvasyAs
G. sarvasya sarvasyAs
L. sarvasmin sarvasyAm


N.A.V. sarvau sarve

I.D.Abl. sarvAbhyAm
G.L. sarvayos

N.V. sarve sarvAni sarvAs

A. sarvAn
I. sarvais sarvAbhis
D.Abl. sarvebhyas sarvAbhyas
G. sarveXAm sarvAsam
L. sarveXu sarvAsu

4. n.
n
.
:
tasminneva vRkXe " "
rAjannabhiprAyamimaM tava " , ...".

I. , :
tvayA, mama, yUyam, nas, etasya, teXAm, sA, ayam, imam, asmAd, ebhyas, amum, adas,
kasmiVScid, asmadIya, amUs, kim, yas.

II. -vant
-An. :
kar "" - kRta - kRtavant "" - N.sg. m kRtavAn.
(
saWdhi , . XXII, 3):
Sru "",
muc ", ",
vac "",
gam "",
darS "".

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
nara,
danta,
mitra;
f
dayA,
dayAM kar + L.,
kRtajVatA;
n
jAla,
bhaya.

kXudra,
balavant.

atas,
tadanantaram,
alam + I.

bandh
pat,
rud,
Agam,
muc - ... muVca-,
kart - ... kRnta-.

IV. , sandhi, , :
()
Ah< ]uSTv< blvan!, At @v miy dya< ku,

is<hae mU;kSy vcn< utva<St< c muvan!, tdnNtr< nre[ tiSmev v&]e jal< bm!,

tiSm|! jale pitt> s is<h>, tenaeE idtm!, t< utvan! mU;k Aagt %van!

he -ae ! Al< -yen, ASmaaladh< Tva< muaim, s jal< dNtErkNtt!, is<henaem!

Ahae mm imSy kt}ta!

V. :

()

s<Skt-a;a ASmak< svaRsa< -a;a[a< jnnI,

ASyam! @v svaRi[ kaVyain zaSai[ dzRnain

vedveda<gain c %pinbain, kaildasSy zakuNtle

kSy mnae n rmte, %pin;Tsu k> n zaiNtm! AanNd<

c ivNdit, At> s<Sktm! AvZy< pQ #it me mit>,

pimd< kpya itpiytVym!.

:

saWskRtabhAXA f - ;
jananI f - , ;
kAvya n - , ;
SAstra n - , ;
darSana n - , ;
vedavedAngAni pl. ( ,
, );
upanibandh , , ;
kAlidAsa m - nom. pr. , SAkuntala;
manas n - , , , ;
ram ...(L);
upaniXad f - (pl. , -
);
SAnti f - , ;
Ananda m,n - , ;
vid - ... vinda- - ;
atas ;
mati f - , , , ;
kRpayA - ;
pratipatray - ;
 XXVII

sandhi.
vara[sI]em!
I

siNt olu -artv;Re t t bhin tIwR]eai[,

taip vara[sI pura[e:vitzyen v{yRmanmnum< pu{y]em!.

sEv kazITyuCyte, pirsre pu{ysilla -agIrwI vhit,

gayaStIre inba> suNdra> suivzala tIwRizla>

jnErakI[aR %pl_yNte.

vArANasI f - .
kXetra n -
khalu - ,
bhAratavarXa m - (. < >)
tatra tatra - ,
bahu -
tIrthakXetra n - ,
tatrApi -
purANa - ,
atiSayena adv. - ,
varN - , ; varNya- - .
anuttama - ,
puNyakXetra n -
kASI f -
parisara m - ;
puNyasalila
bhAgIrathI f - ( ,
)
pravah - ; ,
nibandh - ,
sundara -
suviSAla - ,
tIrthaSilA f - ,
Akar - , ; pp. AkirNa
upalabh
 II

-artv;RSy svaR_yae deze_y> iy> pu;a bala v&a

gaanawR< kazI< gCDiNt, gTva c t n*a< aTva

ivnaw< pZyiNt AcRiNt c.

vara[Sye;a bh-UimkErTyuiCD+tEmRiNdrE> s<zae-te,

ivze;t n*aStIre suitita g&hpi> mhtI< zae-a<

ib-itR, ngrimd< pura haqkmy< b-Uveit Uyte, #danI< tu

kevl< izlamy< dZyte, kazIngrSy su;ma inrI][Iya.

deSa m - , ,
gangAsnAnArtham (gAngA-snAna-artham) -
nadI f -
snA - ;
viSvanAtha m - (. < >)
arc - ... rca- - ,
bahubhUmika -
ucchri (ud-Sri) - ,
atyucchrita - ( )
mandira n - ;
saWSubh - ... saWSobha- - ,
viSeXatas adv. -
pratiX[hA (prati-sthA) - ,
gRhapankti (gRha-pankti) f -
mahatI f mahant
SobhA f -
bhar - ... bibhar- - ,
nagar m, n -
purA adv. - , -
hA[akamaya -
bhU -
idAnIm adv. - ,
kevalam adv. - ,
SilAmaya -
suXamA f - ,
nirIkX - ,
kASInagara m, n - .
 XXVIII
1. sandhi -s.
2. .
3. .

1. sandhi -s.
1) . ,
, , ,
, .

:
marut m "", N. sg. maruts (-s ) marut
vadant "", N. sg. vadants (-ts ) vadan.

2) s :
k, kh, g, gh, c, j, h ( ) k
[, [h, ], ]h [
t, th, d, dh t
p, ph, b, bh p

:
vAc f "", N. sg. vAcs (-s ) vAc vAk
yudh f "", N. sg. yudhs (-s ) yudh yut.

3) k, [, t p ,
; t . V, 4.
, -bhyAm, -bhis, -bhyas -su
sandhi. [. V, 3 ().]

2. .

.
, ;
- .
( N.A.V.
).
 :

sg. du. pl.

m f n m f n m f n
N. -s - -au -I -as -i
Acc. -am -
I. -A -bhis
D. -e bhyAm -bhyas
Abl. -as
G. -os -Am
L. -i -su
V. - =N. =N.

.
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) , sandhi .

3.
.
:
vRddhi N.A. sg., N.A.V. du., N.V. pl.
N.A.V. pl., - ,
N.A.V. sg. ; - ,
N.A. du. .
"", "" "" .
:

m, f n
sg. du. pl. sg. du. pl.
N. -s -au -as -- -I -i
. -am -au -as -- -I -i
I. -A -bhyAm -bhis
D. -e -bhyAm -bhyas
Abl. -as -bhyAm -bhyas =m
G. -as -os -Am
L. -i -os -su
V. -- -au -as -- -I -i

m n -an
(), -(i)vaWs (
) -aVc.
 -an: -An/-a/-n.

rAjan m "" nAman n ""

N. rAjA
nAma
A. rAjAnam
I. rAjVA nAmnA
D. rAjVe nAmne
Abl.G. rAjVas nAmnas
L. rAjVi nAmni
V. rAjan nAma

N.A.V. rAjAnau nAmnI
I.D.Abl. rAjabhyAm nAmabhyAm
G.L. rAjVos nAmnos

N.V. rAjAnas
nAmAni
A. rAjVas
I. rAjabhis nAmabhis
D.Abl. rAjabhyas nAmabhyas
G. rAjVAm nAmnAm
L. rAjasu nAmasu

* N.sg. m -A sandhi .
Atman m "" -man -van -a-
-n.

Atman m ", ": -An/-an/-a
sg. du. pl.
N. AtmA AtmAnas
AtmAnau
A. AtmAnam Atmanas
I. AtmanA Atmabhis
D. Atmane AtmabhyAm
Atmabhyas
Abl.
Atmanas
G. AtmanAm
Atmanos
L. Atmani Atmasu
V. Atman AtmAnau AtmAnas

karman n ", "

vartman n ", ".

: Svan m "" yuvan m "" "" Sun-

yUn-.
 -vaWs:
cakRvaWs "". - cakRvAWs, - cakRvat, - cakruX (cakR + us).

m n

N. cakRvAn
cakRvat
A. cakRvAWsam
I. cakRuXA
D. cakruXe
Abl.
G. cakruXas
L. cakruXi
V. cakRvan cakRvat

N.A.V. cakRvAWsau cakruXi
I.D.Abl. cakRvadbhyAm
G.L. cakruXos

N. cakRvAWsas
cakRvAWsi
A. cakruXas
I. cakRvadbhis
D.
cakRvadbhyas
Abl.
G. cakruXAm
L. cakRvatsu
V. cakRvAWas cakRvAWsi

-aWs vidvaWs ", ",

m "; ".
- vidvAWs, - vidvat, - viduX.

-aVc:

pratyaVc " , ".

- pratyaVc, - pratyac, - pratIc.

m n

N. pratya
pratyak
A. pratyaVcam
I. pratIcA
D. pratIce
Abl.
G. pratIcas
L. pratIci
V. pratyaV pratyak

N.A.V. pratyaVcau pratIcI
I.D.Abl. pratyagbhyAm
G.L. pratIcos

N. pratyaVcas
pratyaVci
A. pratIcas
 I. pratyagbhis
D.
pratyagbhyas
Abl.
G. pratIcAm
L. pratyakXu
V. pratyaVcas pratyaVci

anvaVc "", udaVc " , ", nyaVc " ", praVc
" , ", viSvaVc " ", saWyaVc
" ".
tiryaVc " , "
: - tiryaV-, - tirya-, - tiraSc-.
", " (m, n).

I. : vidvaWs m ; ; karman n , .

II. devanAgarI vartman,

rAjan, jagmivaWs "", tiryaVc:
vartmanA, vartmAni, vartma, vartmabhyas;
rAjVe, rAjVi, rAjAnas, rAjVAm;
jagmuXA, jagmivAWsau, jagmivadbhis, jagmivat;
tiryak, tiraScA, tiryakXu, tiryaVcas.

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
daSaratha, n
rAma, kauSala,
samAgama, bhUXaNa,
parAkrama, heman;
Srama,
Atman, f
agni, vidyA,
jagatkartar, viSuddhi,
mahiman; SyAmikA.

vac,
brU ... bravI-/brU-,
pUj,
spRhay ... spRhaya- (+ D.),
saha,
jVA,
api,
pra-SaWs ... pra-SWsa-,
vA,
saW-lakX, sarvatra.
vid.
 IV. , sandhi,
:

dzrwSy puae naa ram>. ten vTmRna gCD. rajaevac.

raja rajanmvIt!. pramae ra}ae -U;[m!. iv*a svR pUJyte.

iva<sae ivi> sh smagmay Sp&hyiNt. ivirev ivdu;a<

mae }ayte. AaTmn> pua[a< kmRsu kaEzl< z<sit.

jgTktuRmRiha< )l< svR dZyte. AaTman< ivi.

he> s<lyte aE ivzui> Zyaimkaip va.

V. :

1)
iivx< nrkSyed< ar< naznmaTmn>,

kam> aexStwa lae-StSmadetTy< Tyjet!.

:
trividha ,
naraka m,n ,
dvAra n ,
nASana n ,
Atman m ,
tathA - ,
tasmAd (Abl.sg, m,n ta)
traya n ,
tyaj (... tyja-) , (+A.)

2)
sIta vcnmvIt!. 2.

duihta jnkSyah< mEiwlSy mhaTmn>,

sIta naaiSm -< te ramSy mih;I zu-a. 3.

:
janaka m - nom. pr.
mithilA f - .
maithila m -
mahAtman
sItA f nom. pr.
as (... as-) ,
bhadra n ,
bhadraM te ()
mahiXI f - ,
Subha 1) , 2)
 XXIX
1. .
2. .

1.
.
;
:
1) -ant (-mant, -vant), :
) :
bhagavant m , (. " ")
dhImant ,
) :
gacchant
kRtavant
) , :
kiyant ?
iyant ;
yAvant ( , )
etAvant ,
tAvant ,
2) -in (-min, -vin):
SaSin m "", balin ""
3) -IyaWs.
-ant (-mant, -vant) -ant
( "" "" ) -at.

: dhImant ""

sg. du. pl.

m
N. dhImAn dhImantau dhImantas
A. dhImantam dhImatas
I. dhImatA dhImadbhis
D. dhImate dhImadbhyAm dhImadbhyas
Abl. dhImatas
G. dhImatos dhImatAm
L. dhImati dhImatsu
V. dhIman dhImantau dhImantas
n
N.A.V. dhImat dhImantI dhImanti

m.
 mahant ", " -Ant:

sg. du. pl.

m
N. mahAn mahAntau mahAntas
A. mahAntam (mahatas)
V. mahAn mahAntas
n pl.
N.A.V. mahAnti

N. sg. m -an; N.A.V. du. n

I, VI (), IV X -t -n-.
:
gacchant "": N. sg. m gacchan, n gacchat; N.A.V. du. n gacchantI, n pl. gacchanti.

bhavant "" - N. sg. m bhavan, n bhavat, -

"" - N. sg. m bhavAn.
, , dhImant.

-in (-min, -vin) -in -i.

, (.. "" ""
), - , .

: balin "".

sg. du. pl.

m
N. balI balinau balinas
A. balinam
I. balinA balibhis
D. baline balibhyAm balibhyas
Abl. balinas
G. balinos balinAm
L. balini baliXu
V. balin balinau balinas
n
N.A.V.* bali balinI balIni

* V. balin.
m.
, :
1). N. sg. m -i, -n ;
2). N.A.V. pl. n -i.
-IyaWs -IyaWs
( "" "" ) -Iyas -yan ( V. sg. m).
 : laghIyas " "
(cpv. laghu "")

sg. du. pl.

m
N. laghIyAn laghIyAWsau laghIyAWsas
A. laghIyAWsam laghIyasas
I. laghIyasA laghIyobhis
D. laghIyase laghIyobhyAm laghIyobhyas
Abl. laghIyasas
G. laghIyasos laghIyasAm
L. laghIyasi laghIyaHsu
V. laghIyan laghIyAWsau laghIyAWsas
n
N.A.V. laghIyas laghIyasi laghIyAWsi

m.

2. .

.

-tara (m), -tarA (f) -taram (n).
:
dIrgha ", " - cpv. dIrghtara
priya "" - cpv. priytara

-(I)yaWs (m). ,
guNa.
:
kXipr "", - kXip - cpv. kXpIyaWs
pRth "", - pRth - cpv. prthIyaWs.

.
:
tvam tasmAt pa[IyAn " (Abl.) ".

-tama (m), -tamA (f) -tamam (n).
:
dIrgha "" - spv. dIrghtama
priy "" - spv. priytama.

iX[ha ,
guNa.
:
kXipr "", - kXp - spv. kXpiX[ha
pRth "", - pRth - spv. prthiX[ha.

.
:
 vIreXu bhImo bAliX[haH " - ".
:
knIyaWs "" kniX[ha " "
jy yaWs " " jyX[ha " "
ndIyaWs " " ndiX[ha " "
bh yaWs "" bh yiX[ha " "
SryaWs "" SrX[ha " ".

a A II .

.
:
ud ", ...", ttara "", uttma " , ".
-ra (
) -ma ( ).
:
adha ", " - dhara "", adham " ".

.

I. -tara -tama
Suci "", dhanin "", dhImant "", mahant
"", vidvaWs "".

II. : balavant "", m n; SaSin m "".

III. devanAgarI ,
:

namas + D.,
sarvathA,
m saha +I.,
bAla iti,
bhagavant, iva,
vAsudeva, kevalam
adhamarNa, kiWtu.
aSman,

sadman;
AyuXmant,
f balavant,
AjVA, dhImant,
vyAlI yaSasvant,
kaikeyI. mUrtimant,
paravant,
bhavant,
SrImant,
kuN[h, kuN[hita,
niviS. jyeX[ha,
baliyaWs,
pa[u,
pa[IyaWs.
 IV. , sandhi,
:

he bala Aayu:mNtae -vt. s blvanStu.

he -gvn! blvNt< ma< ku. xImNtae laeke yzSvNtae -viNt.

ramae mUitRman! xmR #v. nmae -gvte vasudevay. Axm[aR> svRwa prvNtae

-viNt. -vNt> puE> shagCDiNTvit Imtae devSya}a. AZmi-rSy git>

kui{Qta. kevl< ra}a dzrwen VyalIv kEkeYyaTmn> sin inveizta.

tv Jyeae ata Tvd! bilyan! ikNtu Tv< tSmat! pqIyan!.

V. :

1)
svR deze gu[van! zae-te iwtae nr>,

mi[ zI;Re gle bahaE y kuaip zae-te.

:
deSa m - , ,
guNavant
Subh (... Sobha-) ,
prathita ,
maNi m - ,
SirXa n -
gala m -
bAhu m -
yatra kutrApi - ,

2)

kaVyzaSivnaeden kalae gCDit xImtam!,

Vysnen c mUoaR[a< inya klhen c.

:
kAvya n - , .
SAstra n , ,
vinoda m ,
kAvya-SAstra-vinoda m -
mUrkha m
vyasana n
nidrA f -
 XXX
1. sandhi .
2. .
3. .

1. sandhi .
:

1) S, X, ch ( ) j, h
s [, , bh-, ].
: [
, (N.sg.),
(I.sg.), (l.pl.) (I.pl.)]
viS m " ": N. sg. vi[, I. sg. viSA, I. pl. vi]bhis, L. p. vi[su
samrAj m ", ": N. sg. samrA[, I. sg. samrAjA, I. pl. samrA]bhis, L. pl.
samra[su
madhu-lih m "": N. sg. madhuli[, I. sg. madhulihA, I. pl. madhuli]bhis, L. pl. madhuli[su.
: S -k -g diS f " ", dRS "", spRS
"".
:
N. sg. dik, I. sg. diSA, I. pl, digbhis, L. pl. dikXu.

2) ,
bh-, .
: kakubh f ", ": N. sg. kakup, I. sg. kakubhA, I. pl. kakubbhis.

2. .
:
1) , -s (-as, -is, -us);
2) , .

, m f , n - N.A.V.
(. XXVII).

sandhi (. VII,3, IX,2, X,2, XXVII,1, XXX,1).
-as, -is, -us - . N.A.V. pl.
-i -s -.n-.
 :
manas n "", cakXus n "".

N.A.V. manas cakXus
I. manasA cakXuXA
D. manase cakXuXe
Abl.G. manasas cakXuXas
L. manasi cakXuXi

N.A.V. manasI cakXuXI
I.D.Abl. manobhyAm cakXurbhyAm
G.L. manasos cakXuXos

N.A.V. manAWsi cakXUWsi
I. manobhis cakXurbhis
D.Abl. manobhyas cakXurbhyas
G. manasAm cakXuXAm
L. manaHsu cakXuHXu

: -as N.sg.
.
:
sumanas m "; ", N.sg. sumanAs; uXas f "" - N.sg. uXAs.

[sumanas f "" ].

3. .
.
, ,
, :

1) , .

vAc f "", suhRd "", m ""

N.V. vAk suhRt
A. vAcam suhRdam
I. vAcA suhRdA
D. vAce suhRde
Abl.G. vAcas suhRdas
L. vAci suhRdi

N.A.V. vAcau suhRdau
I.D.Abl. vAgbhyAm suhRdbhyAm
G.L. vAcos suhRdos

N.A.V. vAcas suhRdas
I. vAgbhis suhRdbhis
D.Abl. vAgbhyas suhRdbhyas
G. vAcAm suhRdAm
L. vAkXu suhRtsu

2) -r. -ar -
.
:
dvAr f "": N.sg. dvAr, I.sg. dvArA, I.pl. dvArbhis, L.pl. dvArXu.
-ir, -ur , r,
,
.
:
gir f "": N.sg. gIr, I.sg. girA, I.pl. gIrbhis
pur f "": N.sg. pUr, I.sg. purA, I.pl. pUrbhis.

3) -h .
-h sandhi.
:
kAma-duh f "": N.sg. kAmaduk, I.sg. kAmaduhA, I.pl. kAmadhugbhis, L.pl. kAmadhukXu.

, , ,
-h, sandhi h k g,
(d dh).
-lih . 1.1).
, upA-nah f "" - -h -t- -d-:
N.sg. upA-nat, I.sg. upAnahA, I.pl. upAnadbhis, L.pl. upanatsu. [ nah
", " h . ,
naddha ", ".].
a/A:
pad m : N.sg. pAd, I.sg. padA, I.pl. padbhis, L.pl. patsu
ap f , (pl. tantum).

ap:
N. Apas
A. apas
I. adbhis
D.Abl. adbhyas
G. apAm
L. apsu

I., D. Abl. p d .

I. : tapas n "", sumanas m "; ".

II
1) :
vAc, viS, diS, ap, gir, pad, pur, dvAr.
 2) devanAgarI ;
:
Ap, dikXu, vi[, vAk, gIr, pUrXu, padbhis, dvAros, vAgbhyas, vi]bhis, digbhyAm, adbhis, girA,
puram, purAm, pAd, dvArXu, dvAras, vAkXu, apsu, dik, viSe, gIrbhyas, padau.

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
suhRd, vid ... vind-,
candramas, pAl ... pAlya-,
samudra, upa-diS ... upadiS-,
megha, abhi-dhA.
kavi,
udbhava,
api,
utsava,
iha,
hetu, tatas,
niScaya; paScAd.
f
saMpad,
Apad, SrImant,
Sarad, dhanavant,
sarit, tejasvin,
vAc, niXaNNa.
dRSad;
n
jyotis, asmAn,
padma, kaScid,
vidyut, anya.
viyat,
mAdhurya,
jagat,
manas,
pramANa.

IV. , sandhi,
:

ImNtae xnvNt s<p*ip suo< n ivNdiNt, Aapid

sudae =SmaNpalyeyu>, zrid cNmsae JyaeitStejiSv,

zrid kasuicTsirTsu pain dZyNte. Tv< jIv zrd> ztm!,

kaiTsirt> smue[ kaidNyai-> siri> s<gCDNte,

iv*uta sh me"ae ivyit vtRte, kvIna< va]u maxuyRmiSt,

#h jgit puSyaev %TsvSy hetu>,

dzid in;{[ae gu> iz:yaNxmRmupaidzt!,

mnsa iny< kTva ttae vacai-xIyte,

kmR[a iyte paTma[< me mnStt>.

 V. :
1)
ivpid xEyRmwa_yudye ]ma

sdis vaKpquta yuix ivm>,

yzis cai-ritVyRsn< utaE

kitisimd< ih mhaTmnam!.
:

vipad f - ,
dhairya n -
abhyudaya m - , ,
atha ,
kXamA f -
sadas n - ,
vAkpa[utA .f -
yudh f - ,
vikrama m - ,
yaSas n ,
abhirati f -
vyasana n - ,
Sruti f - ,
prakRtisiddha n
idam -
mahAtman ,

2)
-tR&hirktan! nIitztkad! vEraGyztka g&hIta #me aeka>,

:
bhartRhari m - nom. pr. , VII .,
vAkyapadIya, ,
Satakatrayam . , SgAraSataka
.
bhartRharikRta ,
nItiSataka n -
vairAgySataka n -
grah ,
ime N.pl. idam
Sloka m -, ,
 XXXI
1. .
2. .
3. - .

1.
.
- .
.
-a. : diS f diSA f " ", dvAr f dvAra n
"", pad m pada m "", nar m nara m "".
,
.
:

path-, pathi-, panthan-, panthA- m "":

N.sg. panthAs, I.sg. pathA, I.pl. pathibhis, L.pl. pathiXu;

ahan-, ahar-, ahas- n "":

N.sg. ahas, I.sg. ahnA, I.pl. ahobhis, L.pl. ahaXu ( ahassu), N.A.V. du. ahnI ahanI, pl. ahAni;

asthi-, asthan- n "":

N.A. asthi (V. asthi asthe), I.sg. asthnA, I.pl. asthibhis, L.pl. asthiXu; N.A.V. du. asthinI, pl. asthini.

akXi- m "" dadhi- n "".

puWs-, pumaWs- "":

N.sg. pumAn, A.sg. pumAWsam, I.sg. puWsA, V.sg. puman, I.pl. pumbhis puWbhis, L.pl. puWXu.

2.
.

-I-.

-I- .
:
rAjan m - rajV- rajVI
cakRvaWs m - cakruX- cakruXI
pratyaVc m - pratIc pratIcI.

I

1)
) -ant, -mant, -vant
, .
 :
dhImant - dhImat dhImatI
kRtavant - kRtavat kRtavatI
kiyant - kiyat kiyatI
) .
:
pa[IyaWs " " - pa[Iyas pa[IyasI

2)
) -in.
:
balin balinI
) -ant I, IV, X
.
:
gacchant gacchantI, kRtavant kRtavantI.
VI
, .
:
likhant - likhat likhantI likhatI.
bhavant
: bhavantI.
bhavant : bhavatI.
,
. : suhRd - N.sg. suhRt "" "".

3. - .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ka 1 pratham 1-
dvi 2 dvitya 2-
tri 3 tRtya 3-
catr 4 caturth 4-
pVcan 5 paVcam 5-
XaX 6 XaX[h 6-
saptn 7 saptam 7-
aX[n 8 aX[am 8-
nvan 9 navam 9-
dSan 10 daSam 10-
viWSati 20 viWS 20-
triWSt 30 triWS 30-
catvAriWSat 40 catvAriWS 40-
paVcASt 50 paVcAS 50-
XaX[ 60 XaX[ 60-
 saptat 70 saptat 70-
aSIt 80 aSIt 80-
navat 90 navat 90-
Sat 100 Satatam 100-
sahsra 1000 sahasratam 1000-

20 90
-tama: viWSatitam
"", triWSattam "", catvAriWSattam "" . .

, ,
:

kAdaSan 11, saptXaX[i 67,

dv daSan 12, kaSatam* 101,
tryodaSan 13, aX[ASatm 800,
cturdaSan 14, trisahasram 3000.
pVcadaSan 15,
XdaSan 16,
saptdaSan 17,
aX[ daSan 18,
nvadaSan 19,
ekonaviWSati 19;

[* -am.]

dva - 2, tri - 3 aX[a - 8 10, 20 30 dvA, trayas

aX[A, 80 dva dvi:
dv daSa - 12,
aX[ daSa - 18,
dvySIti - 82.

40 70 90 2, 3 8 .
ca "".
:
dvau viWShatiSca 22.
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
:
aX[aSata aX[ Sat ni - 800 (pl. )
trisahasra trINi sahsrANi - 3000 (pl. )
dviSata dv Sat - 200 (du. ).

:
dvAdaS 12-,
aX[AdaS 18-,
ekaSat 101-.
sandhi
.
 :
catr XaX[i - 64 ctuHXaX[i,
sapt aSIt - 87 saptSIti.

.
.
eka (. XXVI,3), dva
a/A (. IX,2
X,1), ,
. paVca, . tri m n
-i, f tisR -ar, :

m n f
N.V. trayas
trINi tisras
A. trIn
I. tribhis tisRbhis
D.Abl. tribhyas tisRbhyas
G. trayANAm tisRNAm
L. triXu tisRXu

catr, XaX
, :

catur:

m n f
N.V. catvAras
catvAri catasras
A. caturas
I. caturbhis catasRbhis
D.Abl. caturbhyas catasRbhyas
G. caturNAm catasRNAm
L. caturXu catasRXu

XaX: N.A.V. Xa[, I. sadbhis, D.Abl. sadbhyas, G. saNNAm, L. Xa[su.

-a
-a. [aX[a 8 aX[A N.A.V. aX[au, I. aX[Abhis, D.Abl. aX[Abhyas,
G. aX[AnAm, L. astAsu.]
-i -t -i
(. XI,2 XXX,2).

-a.
-a 1-, 2- 3- -a -I
.
-A, , , -I (. XI).

I. : path m "", ahan n "".

II. , XI.3.;
;
devanAgarI:

dhAvan aSvaH - taruNo gAyakaH - gacchan bAlakaH -

hato vyAghraH - tAdRSaH kokilaH - kiyAn siWhaH -
]IyamAnaSca[akaH dRX[o mayUraH .

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m guru,
pUrvArdha, kXayin,
parArdha, laghu,
candrApI]a, vRddhimant,
veda, bahu,
Rgveda, -uttara.
yajurveda,
sAmaveda,
atharvaveda; krameNa,
f paScAd,
chAyA, parA,
kalA, tadyathA.
catvAr,
SAkhA,
smRti; catur,
n catuXXaX[i,
purANa, aX[AdaSa,
darSana, Xa[triWSat,
mata. paVca,
Xa]aSIti,
sapta,
Arambh . ... Armbha-, nava.
saWkal . ... saWkla-.

IV. , sandhi,
:

idnSy pUvaRxRe v&]a[a< Daya AarM-e guVyR>

me[ c ]iy{y> praxRe tu pra l"v> pa v&imTy>,

ctae iv*atu:;i< kla cNapIfae =iz]t, cTvarae veda

iv*Nte =adz pura[ain ;q!i<zTSm&ty ;f! dzRnanIit ivdu;a< mtm!, ctu[a

 vedana< tu bhv> zaoa vtRNte, t*wa \GvedSy p zaoa yjuvRedSy ;fzIit>

samvedSy sawvRvedSy nveit svaR> s<klYy saer< zt< zaoana<

Uyte,

V. :
1)
sIta vcnmvIt!

mm -taR mhateja vysa piv<zk>,

Aadz< c v;aRi[ mm jNmin g{yte. 4.

:
mahAtejas n -
vayas n -
varXa n -
janman n -
gaN , ,

2)
izizr vsNt I:mae v;aR> zrim>,

#it vTsrSytURna< ;{[a< namain }ayNte.

:
SiSira m - ,
vasanta m -
grIXma m - ,
varXa m - , pl.
Sarad f -
hima m -
vatsara m -
Rtu m - , ()
jVA -
 XXXII

:
tatpuruXa, karmadhAraya, dvigu, bahuvrIhi, dvandva.
[ avyayIbhava
. XXXX.]

.
,
- . .
.
(samAsa)
. (pANini, V-IV . ..)
.
-,
. .
sandhi.
tatpuruXa, - " , ". tatpuruXa
,
.
tatpuruXa , .
:
tat-kuSala n " ",
kula-strI f " ",
rAja-kanyA f " , ",
dAna-pati m " ",
satya-saWdha " ".

karmadhAraya, . karmadhAraya
, ,
.
karmadhAraya , .
:
nIla-utpala n " ",
parama-dhArmika " ",
mahA-bhAgya n " ".
karmadhAraya
; .
:
puruSa-vyAghra m "-",
kanyA-ratna n "-".

dvigu, - " ". dvigu

, .
:
tri-loka m " ",
sapta-RXi m " ".
 tatpuruXa, karmadhAraya dvigu ,
, , .
, .

bahuvrIhi, - " ". bahuvrIhi

-
. bahuvrIhi karmadhAraya (
- tatpuruXa), .
:
mahA-Atman m " ", " ",
rakta-vAsas n " ",
jita-indriya n " ",
saWyata-indriya n .
karmadhAraya, ,
-,
, . bahuvrIhi.
:
mahAtmA puruXaH, . "--", . . ", ",
" ",
rAjA jitendriyaH- ", ", "
".
( indriya - jitendriya karmadhAraya N.sg.
jitendriyam).
, bahuvrIhi, -
A, A a.
,
-a-.
:
vAsas n "", raktavAsas n " ", bahuvrIhi - apaSyat
puruXaM raktavAsasam - "() , ", "()
".
BahuvrIhi
(. XI,3 XXXI,2).
( -
bahuvrIhi), . : daSa-ratha .
" ", aSva-pati . " ", kAli-dAsa .
" () ".
tatpuruXa, karmadhAraya, dvigu bahuvrIhi
, .
: sarvabhUtahita n " " - sarva-bhUta " ,
" - karmadhAraya; sarvabhUta-hita "- " -
tatpuruXa.

dvandva, - " ". dvandva

"".
dvandva , . Dvandva
.
dvandva, ,
, (samAhara-dvandva),
-am.
: rAma-kRXNau " ", pANi-pAdam " , " [
: sukham ca duHkham ca " " sukhaduHkham (sg.)
sukhaduHkhe (du.).].
dvandva, ,
.
: puXpa-phalAni n " ".
 Dvandva, ,
.
: deva-gandharva-manuXya-uraga-rAkXasAH - ", , , -
".
dvandva
. , , ,
,
; () ,
.. (. , ).
, dvandva, .
:
paurajAnapadapriya,
paura m " , ", jAnapada m " , " - paura-
jAnapada - " " - dvandva, priya m ",
", paurajAnapada-priya - " " - tatpuruXa,
- dvandva.
, ,
.
tatpuruXa, karmadhAraya dvandva
. bahuvrIhi
.
:
anya-rUp n " " (karmadhAraya) - any-rUpa " " (bahuvrIhi),
agni-dUt m " () " (tatpuruXa) - agn-dUta " ()
" (bahuvrIhi).
.

I.
:

mahA-bhArata n - " () ",

rAma-ayaNa n - " ",
artha-SAstra n - " () ", . ,
dharma-SAstra n - " ", . ,
,
paVca-tantra - "", . " ",
hita-upadeSa m - "", . " ",
abhijVna-Sakuntala n - " ( ) ",
mAlavikA-agnimitra n - " ",
vikrama-urvaSI f - " () ",
megha-dUta m - "-",
raghu-vaWSa m - " ",
Rtu-saWhAra m - " ",
daSa-kumAra-carita n - " ".

II. dvandva:
priyaM ca apriyaM ca (" , . . "),
dhenuSca aSvaSca " ",
patrAni ca puXpAni ca " ",
muniSca vidvAWSca " ",
caraM ca acaraM ca " , . . ",
rAmaSca lakXmaNaSca bharataSca SatrughnaSca ", , (,
"").
 III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
mArkaN]eya,
yudhiX[hira,
madra,
yajvan, brahmaNya,
paurajAnapadapriya, SaraNya,
pArthiva, dakXa,
aSvapati, rata,
saWtApa; kXamAvant,
f anapatya,
sAvitrI, satyavant,
kula-strI; samyata-indriya,
n atikrAnta,
vayas, upajagmivant.
mahA-bhAgya.

IV. , sandhi, ,
:
. mak{fey %vac.

z&[u rajNkulI[a< mha-aGy< yuixir,

svRmet*wa a< saivya rajkNyya. 1.

AasINme;u mhaTma raja prmximRk>,

{y zr{y sTys<xae ijteiNy>. 2.

yJva danpitdR]> paErjanpdiy>,

paiwRvae =pitnRam svR-Utihte rt>. 3.

]mavannpTy sTyvaNs<yteiNy>,

AitaNten vysa s<tapmupjiGmvan!. 4.

V. :
ihmaly>

ASTyurSya< idiz devtaTma

ihmalyae nam ngaixraj>,

pUvaRpraE taeyinxI vga

iSwt> p&iwVya #v mand{f>.

(I kaidasivricte kumars<-ve Ist Sloka)

:

uttara
devatA-Atman ,
hima-Alaya m - (. )
naga-adhirAja m -
pUrva-apara () ,
toya-nidhi m - , .. ( du.) [.. ]
avagAhya ava-gAh
mAna-daN]a m - ,
kAlidAsa-viracita
kAlidAsa m - IV-V ..
kumAra- saWbhava m - , .
 XXXIII
1. : .
2. .
3. Locativus absolutus.

1. :
.
, .
:
1) -i, -in, -an -a.
:
rAjan m "" rAja: dharmarAja m " ",
ahan n "" -aha -ahna: puNyAha n " ",
pathi m "" -patha: svargapatha m " ",
rAtri f "" -rAtra: ahorAtram " ",
sakhi m "" -sakha: kRXNasakha m " ",
go m "" ( ) -gava: paramagava m " ".
2) -A -A a.
:
sthA "" -stha: rathastha " ",
saWdhA "" -saWdha: satyasaWdha " ",
jVA "" jVa: vakyajVa " , ".
3) -i, -u, -ar t.
:
ji "" -jit,
stu "" -stut,
kar "" ( ) -kRt.
4) , d, X h dvandva, ,
a.
:
chatraW ca upAnahau ca " " (sg. upAnaH) chatropanaham.
5) dvigu dvandva
, . . ai, e i, au, u.
:
khArI f " " dvikhAri.

1) -an, -in .
:
rAjan rAja: rAja-kanyA.
2) -ar, -aVc, -ant
, . . -R, -ac, -at.
:
pitar pitR: pitRdeva (. XIV,3),
bhavant bhavat: bhavadAgamana n " ".
3) mahant mahA: mahAbhAgya, mahArAja.
tatpuruXa
.
 :
yuddhiX[hira " " (yuddhi - L. sg.),
Parasmaipadam (parasmai - D. sg.) tmanepadam (Atmane - D. sg.).
dvandva, -tar,
N. sg.
:
mAtA ca pitA ca mAtApitarau,
vAktA ca SrotA ca " " vAktASrotarau.
dvandva :
naktaWdivam rAtriWdivam " , ".

tatpuruXa bahuvrIhi.
, tatpuruXa -artha n, m "; ; "
( .) ", ": pitrartham " ; ", putrartham "
, ". [ , . ke arth
", ".]
bahuvrIhi -Adi m "" -prabhRti f "", -mAtra n ", ", -
apekXA f "; " . -Adi -prabhRti
" ...".
:
AdyaprabhRti " , ".
-Adi , .
:
-Adi tudAdi, divAdi . - . .
, tud, div.
: aVguX[hamAtra " () "; kamalApekXayA "
".
karmadhAraya
:
gata-pUrva " ",
pitA-maha m ", ".

2. .
. :
1) :
dine dine " ",
XaX[he XaX[he kAle " ",
taW taW deSam "( ) ";
2) :
sakRt sakRt " ",
mandaW mandam " ",
uparyupari (upari upari) "-; ".

3. Locativus absolutus.

( ) [.
XXII,2] (
).
- (),
, .
 , , locativus absolutus genetivus absolutus.
()
locativus genetivus, - .
, ,
, . ,
, ,
.

locativus absolutus ,
- .
:
" ( " ...) , " - sainikeXv
iXUn kXipatsu senApatir aSvam ArU]haH.
" ( " ...) , " - prApte kAle tu
suXuve kanyAm...
" - , () "... "
() "... - mRte bhartari putraSca vAcyo mAturarakXitA...
" , , " - mAlAyAM dattAyAM bAlA
agAyan.
locativus absolutus as "",
locativus .
:
" () , ( ) " - tvayi rakXitari (sati) mama
bhayaW na asti.
genetivus absolutus
, ,
. api ", ".
:
" , " - pituH paSyato `pi bAlaH kanIyAWsaM
bhrAtaraM tA]ayati.

I. :
, , , , ,
, , .

II. :
apatyotpAdana (apatya-utpAdana) n
parimitAhAra (parimita-AhAra) m
brahmacArin (brahma-cArin)
jitendriya (jita-indriya) n
rAjasattama (rAja-sattama)
mitabhojana (mita-bhojana) n
agnihotra (agni-hotra) n

III. devanAgarI ,
:

niyama m
kAla m
varXa m, n
tuX[i f
harXa m
pArthiva m
vacana n

tIvra,
Asthita,
rUpin,
anvita
varadA.

hu,
darSaya,
samutthA (sam-ud-sthA),
abhi-gA ( - impf. aor. 3 . sg.).

IV. , sandhi, , :

( IV XXXI)

AtyaeTpadnawR< c tI< inymmaiSwt>,

kale pirimtaharae carI ijteiNy>. 5.

hTva ztsh< s saivya rajsm>.

;e ;e tda kale b-Uv imt-aejn>. 6.

@ten inymenasI;Rai[ dz ca c,

pU[eR Tvadze v;Re saivI tuim_ygat!. 7.

ip[I tu tda rajNdzRyamas t< n&pm!,

AihaeaTsmuTway h;Re[ mhtaiNvta,

%vac cEn< vrda vcn< paiwRv< tda. 8.

V. :

1)
iv*a nam nrSy pmixk< CDgu< xn<

iv*a -aegkrI yz>suokrI iv*a gu[a< gu>,

iv*a bNxujnae ivdezgmne iv*a pr< dEvt<

iv*a rajsu pUJyte nih xn< iv*aivhIn> pzu>.

:

vidyA f -
rUpa n - ,
adhika ,
prcchanna-gupta ,
bhoga-karin ,
yaSaH-sukha-karin
bandhu-jana m - , ,
videSa-gamana n - ,
pUj ,
hi : ,
vidyA-vihIna
paSu m -

2)
-tR&hirktan! nIitztkad! vEraGyztka g&hIta #me aeka>.
 XXXIV

.
, ,
, .

ram-ivvah>
I
[ - sandhi.]

AiSt AyaeXyaya< mhatapI raja dzrw>, tSy ram>, lm[>,

-rt>, zu> c #it cTvar> pua> sm-vn!, @kda muinivaim>

ramlm[aE y}r]awR< innay, y}aepraNt< ivaim>

ramlm[a_ya< sh sItaSvy<vr< < imiwlapurI< yyaE, imiwlaixpit>

raja jnk> muneragmn< uTva ivnyen shsa Tyugam,

ten jnken d< pUja"R< itg& ivaim> ra}> dzrwSy kuzl<

y}Sy c inivRta< pCD, tTkuzl< y}Sy smai< c uTva

raja jnk> %vac xNy> AnuhItaiSm -vdagmnen,

mahApratApin -
tasya catvAraH putrAH samabhavan -
ekadA adv. -
yajVa m -
yajVa-rakXA f - , ( )
nI - ,
yajVoparAntam (yajVa-uparAntam) adv. -
saha - (+ I.)
svayaMvara m - ( )
mithilApurI f -
Agamana n - ;
vinaya m - ;
sahasA adv. - ,
pratyudgam (prati-ud-gam) - ,
pUjArgha (pUjA-argha) m -
pratigrah - ,
kuSala n -
nirvighnatA f - ,
prach - 1) , ; 2)
samApti f - ,
dhanya - ,
anugrahIta - , ,
bhavadAgamana (bhavat-Agamana) n - ,

II

tt> Svy<vrkmR Ar-t, jnk> %vac he muinpu<gv, ]e<

k;t> me la<glat! %iTwta @ka suta AiSt, ]e< zaexyta lBxa

At> sa sIta #it naa ivuta, sa #danI< Svy<vryaeGya

s<jata, vxRmana< ta< sIta< svRe rajan> AagTy vriytum! #CDiNt,

vriytuimCDtamip te;a< kNya< n ddaim vIyRzuLka sa #it,, svRe

n&pty> vIyR< ij}asv> A %pagCDn!, te;a< purStat! mya zEv<

xnu> %patm!, tSy h[e taelne =ip va te n&pa n zeku>, tt! @tt!

prm-aSvr< xnu> ramlm[yae> caip dzRiy:yaim, ramae yid ASy

Aaraep[< kuyaRt! Ah< sIta~ tSmE d*am!,

karman n - 1) ; 2) ,
rabh ., ... rbha- - ()
munipuWgava (muni-puWgava) m - ()
kRXant - ( karX)
lAgala n -
kXetra n - , , ,
Sodhayant - ,
atas -
viSrutA - (: )
sItA f - 1) ; 2) nom. pr.
idAnIm - ,
yogyA - , ,
saWjan - ,
atrAgam (atra-Agam) - ,
varaya -
vIrya-SulkA - . < > (. . ,
)
vIrya m - ,
Sulka m, n - ( )
jijVAsu - ,
upagam - ,
purastAt - - (+ G.)
Saiva - () , ()
dhanus n - ()
upAhar -
grahaNa n -
tolana n -
api vA -
Sak - ; - (+ L.)
tat etat - ()
paramabhAsvara (parama-bhAsvara) - ,
darSaya -
AropaNa n - ,
kuryAt - opt. kar
dadyAm - opt. dA.
 XXXV
1. .
2. .

1. .

- , ,
- (-) .
.
, .
: " " " " " " " ".
.

.

+ aya
guNa.
:
likh lekhya- " ", darS darSya- "" (. " ").
-a-
, vRddhi.
:
vac vAcya- " ",
Sru SrAvya- " , ".

, -am, jan, tvar ("")

guNa: gamya-, janya-, tvarya-.
, -A, -e, -ai, -au -pya -e
-A.
:
dA dApya- " ",
sthA sthApya- "",
jVA jVApya "",
gai "" gApya- " ".
kXai "" glai "" ( )
a (kXapya-, glapya-).
: pA ("") pAyya- " , ", hvA "" hvAyya- "
".
-pya ar ("") arpya-, adhI (adhi-i
"") adhyApya-, ji ("") jApya-, .
han ("") ghAtya- " ".
ruh (", ") rohya- ropya- , .
.
rabh "" labh ""
-m-: rambhya- " ", lambhya"; ".

, , ,
, .
-ay. -ya,
-ta, -ana -ay- .
 , 3-
Sru.

Parasmaipada tmanepada
SrAvayati SrAvayate SrAvyate
Imperfekt aSrAvayat aSrAvayata aSrAvyata
SrAvayet SrAvayeta SrAvyeta
SrAvayatu SrAvayatAm SrAvyatAm
SrAvayiXyati SrAvayiXyate
Conditionalis aSrAvayiXyat aSrAvayiXyata
Perfekt SrAvayAm Asa SrAvayAm Ase

,
.
-aya, guNa .
:
kar - pp. kRta . kAraya- pp. kArita,
budh - pp. buddha . bodhaya pp. bodhita.

.
,
, .
:
udyAni vRkXo rohati " " " " (. "
") udyAne vRkXaM ropayati.

.
:
putro grAmaM gacchati " " "
" pitA putraM grAmaM gamayati.
,
.
:
dAsI annaM pacati " " " (. "")
" mAtA dAsyA annaM pAcayati [dAsyAs annaW dAsyA.].
pA "", darS "" [
Parasmaipada] "", "", ""
, ,
.
:
pathiko jalaM pibati " " " " (aham) pathikaM jalaM
pAyayAmi;
SiXyAH pustakaM adhIyante " " "
" guruH SiXyAn pustakaM adhyApayati.
kar "" har ""
, .
:
pApam akaroH " ()" " ?"
kas tvAM pApam akarayat kas tvayA pApam akarayat.
 2. .
- , ,
. ,
.
-y. -i, -u , -a
-I, -ar -rI.
:
namas "" namasy- " , ",
sakhi "" sakhIy- " , ",
putra "" putrIy- " ",
kRXNA "" kRXNAy- ", ",
netar ", " netrIy- ", ".
;
Parasmaipada tmanepada
.

I. 3 . sg. Parasmaipada
: kar, vac, nam, vid, budh, darS, sthA, ji, pA, lal ""; nivart "", ta] ";
", mar "", glai "", vA, vah "", cal "", ruh, vardh.

II. , ,
: SabdAyate " "; kalahAyate " "; bAXpAyate
" "; SatrUyate " ; "; devAyate " "; aSvAyati "
"; sukhAyate " "; duHkhAyate " ".

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m
grIXmakAla,
gharma,
sveda, acyuta,
ari, rUpin,
tAra, sama,
saWsAra, uXNa,
adhvan, SIta,
prApta (pp. pra-Ap).
angAra;
f Xo]aSa.
tRXNA, mitravat.
senA,
vipad,
prIti; pra-vartaya,
n pari-vardhaya,
anga, kAraya,
dah,
yuddha,
A-car.
madhya,
sakhya.
 IV. , sandhi, , :

I:mkale "maeR =ain Glpyit

Sved< vtRyit t&:[a< pirvxRyit c.

]iya yue =rINmaryiNt.

kaildasSy kaVy< ma< avye>.

senyae-yaemRXye rw< Swapy me=Cyut.

devI ip[I tu tda rajNdzRyamas t< n&pm!.

yae vayu< vapyit ndI< vahyit taraalyit v&]an!

raehyit s s<sarSy ivpTSvXvan< Tva< dzRiy:yit.

dujRnen sm< sOy< Iit< caip n karyet!,

%:[ae dhit caar> zIt> k:[ayte krm!.

lalyeTp v;aRi[ dz v;aRi[ tafyet!,

ae tu ;aefze v;Re pu< imvdacret!.

V. :

RAmAyaNa I, 67, 1-4

[ - rAmavivAhaH ( XXXIV).]

jnkSy vc> uTva ivaimae mhamuin>,

xnudRzRy ramay #it haevac paiwRvm!. 1

tt> s raja jnk> sicvaNVyaiddez h,

xnuranIyta< idVy< gNxmaLyanuleiptm!. 2

jnken smaida> sicva> aivzNpurm!,

tnu> purt> kTva injRGmurimtaEjs>. 3

n&[a< ztain paz(aytana< mhaTmnam!,

mU;amca< ta< smUhSte kw<cn. 4

:
(1) hovAca: ha uvAca,
(2) AnIyatAm 3 . sg. imp. . p. AnI ", ",
(3) prAviSan 3 . pl. impf. P. praviS ", ",
(3) puratas kar " , ",
(4) nRNAm G. pl. nR nar m "; ; ",
(4) samUhuste: samUhus te - samUhus < sam-Uhur 3 . pl. perfekt P. saWvah "(, )
, "; te (N. pl. m ta "") - "".
 XXXVI
1. .
2. .
3. .

1. .
,
.
.

-sa ( ani[) -iXa ( se[).
.
(. XXI,1).
:
1) ,
( ) ,
-i: as "" asiX-iXa-, iX "" eXiX-iXa-;
2) c- j- k- g-:
ji "" jigi-Xa-, ci "" ciki-Xa-.
,
(. V,4, VII,2, X,2, XVIII,2).
(),
().
) se[ guNa:
div "" didev-iXa-,
kup "" cukop-iXa-.
ani[ . ani[,
I, U , -i I, -u U:
kXi "" cikXI-Xa-, Sru "" SuSrU-Xa-.
: -ar Ir, Ur ( ); -am -Am, -an -An;
han "" a A.
:
kar "" cikIr-Xa-,
mar "" mumUr-Xa-,
han "" jighAW-sa-.
ani[ i, u ( -y) guNa
: mud "" mumot-sa- mumut-sa.

) i; ,
U - -u: tvar "" titvar-iXa-, gam "" jigam-
iXa-, sthA "" tiX[hA-sa-, bhU "" bubhU-Xa-.
: adhI (adhi-i) "; "
gam, -a- (A): adhi-jigAW-sa-.

Parasmaipada tmanepada.
I .
: vart "" vardh "" Parasmaipada ani[,
tmanepada se[; kram "" gam "" Parasmaipada se[,
tmanepada ani[; ani[ prach "; " smi "" -
se[ - pipRch-iXa-, sismay-iXa-.

vart,
- P. vivRtsa-, . vivartiXa-.

Sg. du. pl.

Paramaipada
1. vivRtsAmi vivRtsAvas vivRtsAmas
2. vivRtsasi vivRtsathas vivRtsatha
3. vivRtsati vivRtsatas vivRtsanti
tmanepada
1. vivartiXe vivartiXAvahe vivartiXAmahe
2. vivartiXase vivartiXethe vivartiXadhve
3. vivartiXate vivartiXete vivartiXante

:
Ap "" 3 . sg. psati,
dA "" 3 . sg. dtsati,
dhA "" 3 . sg. dhtsati,
pat "" . sg. ptsati,
pad "" 3 . sg. ptsate,
mA "" 3 . sg. mtsati,
ram "" 3 . sg. rpsate,
labh "" 3 . sg. lpsate,
Sak ", " 3 . sg. SkXati.
: jVA "" jijVA-sa-, darS "" didRk-Xa-, Sru
"" SuSrU-Xa-, smar "" susmUr-Xa- tmanepada,
mar "" mumUr-Xa- - parasmaipada.
, ,
.
: man "" 3 . sg. mImAWsate " ; ".

(
), , (
), -iX ( . ,
XXXVIII).

2.
.

.
-u
-a .
:
pA "", pipAsa- pipAsu " ,
",
bhuj ", ", bubhukXa- bubhukXu
" , ".
-A
-a .
 :
pipAsa- pipAsA f " , ",
bubhukXa- bubhukXA f " , ".

3. .

, . [
. , ,
.]
, . .

-ya-. (. XXI,1), :
) -an, -am, -al : gam jaVgam-, jan jaVjan-.
) -r-
I: nart (nRt) "" narInRt-.
,
(. XXIV,1), . . . -A I, -ar rI.
guNa ("" ):
rud "" rorud-;
gA "" gI jegI-;
tap " ; " tAtap-;
kar "" krI- cekrI-.
: car ", " caVcurya-; dah ""
dandahya-, pat "" panIpatya-, pad "" panIpadya-.

tmanepada.
.
.

I. 3 . sg. pf. 3 . sg. pr. tud (U.), stambh
(P.), kar (U), yA (P.), sthA (P.), bhU (P.), budh (.), likh (P.).

II. 1. , 3 . sg.
;

2. :
cikhAdiXati, cicariXati, cikampiXate, jigIXati, jijIviXati, titapsati, ninaWsati,
ninIXati, bubhUXati, pipAsati, bibhAXiXate, yuyutsati, rirakXiXati, lipsate,
vivadiXati, SiSikXiXate, AsisiXate, mitsati, vivAsati, vividiXati, jigAsati, jighAWsati,
ditsati, jijaniXate, dideviXati, pitsate, Ipsati, SikXati, SuSrUXate, titaniXati,
jijVAsati.

3. labh, yudh, han, bhU, gA

.
 III. devanAgarI ,
.
n
m tRNa, prabhUta,
rAvaNa, varXaNa, brAhmaNa,
Adi, prabhUtavarXaNa, ugra,
rAvaNAdi, kUla, aSakta,
videha, tapas, bhagna-ASa(s),
rudra, dhanus, gadA-ghAta,
duryodhana, rudradhanus, mAmaka.
bhImasena, dharmakXetra,
yudhiX[hira, kurukXetra,
adhyAya, saWbhavAna, anu-sar,
dhRtarAX[ra, yaSas, hreX,
pAN]ava, stotra; bhuj,
namaya,
saWjaya, f
samave (sam-ava-i),
vaWSa; ASas,
ni-var,
nadI, ah.
sabhA.

IV. , sandhi, , :

ik< me idTsis. pu> iptrmnuissI;Rit. e;mana AaSt&[< bu-u]iNt.

-Utv;R[adSya n*a> kUl< ippit;it.

a[ae bu-U;U raji;RivRaim %< tpe.

Svy<vrkale sIta< ilPsvae rav[adyae bhvae rajanae ivdehaGmu>.

ik< tu xnunRmiytumza> svRe -aza b-Uvu>.

tSya< s-ayamev duyaeRxn< gda"aten ij"a<su-IRmsenae yuixire[

invairt>. sUyRv<zs<-vana< ra}a< yzae ijgasu> kaildas Aah.

Aw ImgvIta
wmae =Xyay>
x&tra+ %vac

xmR]ee ku]ee smveta yuyuTsv>,

mamka> pa{fvaEv ikmkuvRt s<jy. 1.

V. :

RAmAyaNa I, 67, 5-8

tamaday sumU;amaysI< y tnu>,

suraepm< te jnkmUcunR&pitmiN[>. 5.
 #d< xnuvRr< rajNpUijt< svRraji->,

imiwlaixp rajeN dzRnIy< ydICDis. 6.

te;a< n&pae vc> uTva ktailr-a;t,

ivaim< mhaTman< tavu-aE ramlm[aE, 7

#d< xnuvRr< nkEri-pUijtm!,

raji- mhavIyRErzE> pUirtu< tda. 8

:

(6) yadIcchasi: yadi icchasi;

(7) tAvubhau: tau ubhau.
 XXXVII
1. : , .
2. a- sa-.

1. :
,
.
, ( )
, . ,
, ( , ).
.
. ,
, , .
imperfectum perfectum.
a-
. .
.
" " mA , imperativ'a.
, ,
.

I - .
-A bhU;
Parasmaipada; .
I , 3 . pl. P. -us,
-A .

dA ""
sg. du. pl.
1. dAm dAva dAma
2. dAs dAtam dAta
3. dAt dAtAm dus

1 . sg. 3 . pl. bhU "":

sg. du. pl.
1. bhUvam bhUva bhUma
2. bhUs bhUtam bhUta
3. bhUt bhUtAm bhUvan

II - .
.
; -a; - , -
an, -am, -ar - guNa.
:
khyA "" akhya-,
as "" astha-,
pat "" apapta-,
 vac "" avoca-.
.
VI .

gam ""
agama-
Parasmaipada
sg. du. pl.
1. gamam gamAva gamAma
2. gamas gamatam gamata
3. gamat gamatAm gaman

III - .
X .
(. XXI,1). , -an, -am, -
ar - guNa. i/I u/U ( -u),
- -a; , , I U, ,
, i u.
:
jan "" ajIjana-,
budh "" abUbudha-,
kram "" acikrama-.

p ( ), A i.
:
jVA "" . jVApaya- . ajijVipa-,
sthA "" . sthApaya- . atiX[hipa-.
I .

har ""
ajIhara-
sg. du. pl.
Parasmaipada
1. jIharAm jIharAva jIharAma
2. jIharas jIharatam jIharata
3. jIharAt jIharatAm jIharan
tmanepada
1. jIhare jIharAvahi jIharAmahi
2. jIharathAs jIharethAm jIharadhvam
3. jIharata jIharetAm jIharanta

2. a- sa-.
a- ( -privativum) ,
.
[ ( ) - samAsa.]
a-(an-) .
,
- + S. ( 80%) -
, :
 dharma m "", - adharma m ", ";
artha m "; " - anartha m "";
guNa m "" - aguNa m " ";
Sakti f "" - aSakti f " , ".
a- :
dasa m "" - adasa m " , ",
mitra m "" - amitra m ", ",
varXa m "" - avarXa m " , ".
a- .
I. a- + Adj. Adj.
alpa "" - analpa ", ",
Rta ", " - anRta ", ",
para "" - apara ", ",
kRta "" - akRta "".
II. a- + S Adj.
, :
karNa m "; " - akarNa "; ";
cakSus n "; " - acakXus "; ";
putra m "" - aputra " ".
-:
udaka n "" - anudaka " , ";
puXpa n "" - apuXpa " , ";
phala n "" - aphala " , ".
a- sa- ", ".
sa- . sa-
: sa- + S Adj. ,
, .
sa- ;
.
:
kampa m "" - sakampa "",
vraNa m, n "" - savraNa "",
ratha m "" - saratha " , ",
putra m "" - saputra " ",
rAma m - sarAma " ",
varNa n "; ; " - savarNa " , ; , ".
- :
udaka n "" - sodaka " , ",
avadhi m "" - sAvadhi ", ",
Sabda m "; " - saSabda "; ".

I.1. ,
-a.
xmR< crt maxmR< sTy< vdt man&tm!,

dI"R< pZyt ma Sv< pr< pZyt maprm!. 3.

mA - (. XIV).

2. devanAgarI sa- (-
): saguNa, sagraha ( ), sajala, sanidra, sapakXa ( ), sapuXpa, saphala,
samUla, sarajasa, saruja, savayas, saSoka, sasveda, sahAsa, sAgra.

II. 3 . sg. P.:

I : udbhU, nirgA;
I : pat, sic, dhvas, muh, gaN, vac, darS, gam;
o III : uddhar.

III. devanAgarI ,
.

m n
paN]ita, Amra-phala,
parivAra, pApa,
udbhava, Srinagara,
vatsa, SaraNa,
manoratha, anAtha,
pakXigaNa, viXNupada,
va[avRkXa, pankaja,
maN]apa; maraNa;
f
vArtA.

avahita, nirdiX[a,
gantukAma, gahana,
anAtha, -samAkula,
-viXayaka, samAhRta.

kath, Arabh, dhvas (dhvaWs),
ruc, ASvas, sic,
svAd, muh, ud-dhar.

kva, kutas,
punar, nAnA,
IdRSa, paVcasaptati.

IV. , sandhi, ,
:
 . nard %vac.

Kv gta-UTsutey< te kutEvagta n&p.

ik< yUymvaect, punrip kwyt nahmvihtae =-Uvm!.

kazI< gNtukam> IngrairgaTpi{ft> sh pirvare[.

#dma)l< v&]adpt!, yid raecte g&hITva SvadSv.

he ge ydIdze_y> pape_yae mamuddIxrStt> sTymnawzr[mis

iv:[updpjaevais.

atrar_y psit< v&]aniscam.

vTsSy mr[en ti;yka> svRe mnaerwa me =Xvsn!.

#y< bailka du>ovataR< uTvamuht!, AaasyEnamudken c is.

#m< ammagCDNtaE -viidRe ghne vne nanapi]g[smakul<

mhavqv&]< tmdzaRv.

AiSmNm{fpe smataNa[anhmjg[m!,

p ztain te;a< vtRNte.

V. :

RAmAyaNa, I, 67, 9-12

nEtTsurg[a> svRe sasura n c ra]sa>,

gNxvRy]vra> sik<nrmhaerga>. 9

Kv gitmaRnu;a[a< c xnu;ae =Sy pUr[e,

Aaraep[e smayaege vepne taelne twa. 10

tdetnu;a< emanIt< muinpu<gv,

dzRyEtNmha-ag Anyae rajpuyae>. 11

ivaim> sramStu uTva jnk-ai;tm!,

vTs ram xnu> pZy #it ra"vmvIt!. 12

:
(9) sAsurA: sa-asurAs;
(9) sakiWnara-: sa-kiWnara;
(10) dhanuo `sya: dhanuXas (G. sg.) asya;
(11) darSayaitanmahAbhaga: darSaya etad mahAbhAga (V.);
(11) anayo rAjaputrayoH: anayor rAjaputrayos (G.L. du.);
(12) rAghava m " ". - , , .
 XXXVIII
1. .
2. su-, dus- ku-.

1. .
,
. . , s [.
s - ""].
-s ani[ -iX
se[ ( ). -s
-iX -siX. [. contaminatio - "".]
-sa, ( -a).

,
.

IV - -s.
Parasmaipada -s vRddhi;
tmanepada :
kar "" akArX-, akRX-.
-i, -u, -r Parasmaipada vRddhi, tmanepada -
guNa:
nI "" anaiX-, aneX-;
Sru "" aSrauX-, aSroX-.
-s
sandhi, :
-n, -m anusvAra: man "" amaWs-,
ram "" araWs-;
-s -t: vas "" avats-;
-S, -j -k: darS "" adrAkX-,
sarj "" asrAkX-.
:
2 3 . P. -I; 3 . pl. p. - -ur; 3 . pl. . - -ata. 2 . pl.
. s : dhvam ]hvam.

kar - akArX-, P.,

nI "; " - aneX-, .

sg. du. pl.

Parasmaipada
1. kArXam kArXva kArXma
2. kArXIs kArX[am kArX[a
3. kArXIt kArX[Am kArXur
tmanepada
1. neXi neXvahi neXmahi
2. neX[hAs neXAthAm ne]hvam
3. neX[a neXAtAm neXata
 : -A, Parasmaipada I () (.
XXXVII,1), tmanepada IV , A i: dA
"" adiX-, sthA "" asthiX-.

V - -iX.
-i-, -u-, -r-
guNa: budh "" - abodhiX-.
, , -an Parasmaipada
vRddhi, tmanepada - guNa. vRddhi
Parasmaipada vad "" avAdiX-.
, IV .

budh - abodhiX-, P.,

SI "" - aSayiX-, .
Sg. du. pl.
Parasmaipada
1. bodhiXam bodhiXva bodhiXma
2. bodhIs bodhiX[am bodhiX[a
3. bodhIt bodhiX[Am bodhiXur
tmanepada
1. SayiXi SayiXvahi SayiXmahi
2. SayiX[hAs SayiXAthAm Sayi]hvam
3. SayiX[a SayiXAtAm SayiXata

VI - -siX.
-A Parasmaipada.
, -siX, -s.
, IV V , 2 3 . sg. -
-Is It.

yA "" - ayAsiX-, P.
sg. du. pl.
Parasmaipada
1. yAsiXam yAsiXva yAsiXma
2. yAsIs yAsiX[am yAsiX[a
3. yAsIt yAsiX[Am yAsiXur

VII - -sa.
-j, -S [ darS ""], -X -h.
-i, -u, -R ; , -
sa, sandhi -kXa-:
yaj "" - ayakXa-,
diS "" - adikXa-.
: 1 . sg. 3 . pl. a-
, 1 . du. pl. a- ; tmanepada 3 .
pl. - -anta.
 diS - -adikXa-, P.,
duh - -adhukXa-, .
sg. du. pl.
Parasmaipada
1. dikXam dikXAva dikXAma
2. dikXas dikXatam dikXata
3. dikXat dikXatAm dikXan
tmanepada
1. dhukXi dhukXAvahi dhukXAmahi
2. dhukXathAs dhukXAthAm dhukXadhvam
3. dhukXata dhukXatAm dhukXanta

tmanepada duh, dih ", ", lih ",

" guh ", " -sa 2 . 3
. sg., 1 . du 2 . pl.
:
lih - alikXa-:
2 . sg. alikXathAs alI]hAs [ (. IV
)],
3 . sg. alikXata alI]ha,
1 . du. alikXAvahi alihvahi,
2 . pl. alikXadhvam alI]hvam.

2. su-, dus- ku-.

su- dus- - ,
. -su , dus- -
, .
.

.
su- IV.
dus- (
sandhi - dur-, duS-, duX-, duH-).
dus- + s. .
:
jana m "" - durjana m " ",
mitra m "" - durmitra m " ",
brAhmaNa m - durbrAhmaNa m " ".
dus- - ,
:
jIva n "" - durjIva n " ",
buddhi f "" - durbuddhi f ", ",
manas m "" - durmanas n " , ",
jala n "" - durjala n " ",
dina n "" - durdina n " () ".
su- dus- karmadhAraya,
. a-, su- dus-
(. XXXX) karmadhAraya.

.
su- dus- .
 I. Pref. + Adj. Adj.;
su- + Adj. Adj. :
dIrgha "" sudIrgha " ",
priya ", " supriya " , ".
dus- + Adj. Adj. :
durukta " (, ) ",
duravagraha " ",
durApa "".
, I, .
II. Pref. + S. Adj.

: -
, , (su-)
(dus-) . (, ,
).
su- + S Adj.:
locana n "" sulocana " ", "";
vRtta n "" suvRtta " , ";
ratha m "" suratha " ";
vAsas n "" suvAsas " , ";
prajA f "" supraja " () ".
dus- + S. Adj.:
Atman m ", " durAtman ", ";
akXan n "" durakXa " ";
vAsas n "" durvAsas " " "";
carman "" duScarman " () , ";
hRd n "" durhRd " ".

, II, .

bahuvrIhi. ,
a-, sa (. XXXX) bahuvrIhi.

, bahuvrIhi.

ku-, (. ku-tra, ku-tas . .).
ku- , ,
; .
puruXa m "" kupuruXa m " () ";
putra m "" kuputra m " ( ) ";
strI f "" kustrI f " ";
SIla n ", " kuSIla n " ";
mati f "" kumati f " ; ".
ku- karmadhAraya.

I. devanAgarI karmadhAraya bahuvrIhi;
(- ):
susvara, supuXpa n, supuXp, durupadeSa m, durjana m, durbhAXa, sukathA f,
 sukarman n, durjala n, durbuddhi, sukavi m, sugandh, duScitta, durvAda m,
duXkarman n, sudant, suphal, duHSiXya m, durvivAha m, surUp,
suhast, sutIrtha n.

II. 3 . parasmaipada lih ", " (VII

), karX "" (VII ), diS "" (VII ), yA "" (VI ), duh "" (VII
), dviX ", ( )" (VII ), dA "" (IV ).

III. devanAgarI ,
:

m f n
krXIvala, ArdrA, timira,
parjanya, AjVA, nabhas,
purohita, sAvitrI, payas,
ba[u, gAm A. sg. go; riktha,
asta, kusumapura,
ravi, dhana,
bhAga, ko[ara.
kaniX[ha,
putraka,
tAta,
vahni;

rucikara, samAna,
AvRta, nikXipta,
asmAka, puXpita,
AsannamaraNa, sugandhi.

varX, AdA,
anusar, vas, caus. vAsyate vAsyate,
upadiS, dah.

IV. , sandhi, ,
:

#d< mxu ik< nail]>, ickrmett!.

k;Ivla -Uimmk]Npr< TvaaRsu iSwte =ip sUyRe pjRNyae n v;Rit.

-ae> puraeiht -vda}amnus&Ty bqve =h< saivImupaid]m!,

tdxunaNyTkr[Iy< dzRy.

AStmyasIiviStimre[av&t< n->, tiTkm*aip ga< naxu]t py>.

ma vy< atr> prSpr< i]ameTySmak< iptasmr[ae irKwSy

smana<turae -agankraet!.

kin< pumhmv< puk kusumpur< gTva tEkiSmNg&he mya

ini]< xnmaSte td!g&ha[, sae =gCDt!, inv&Ty c mamvIat

 atrae me tagTyaSm_ymetn< iptadaidit vdNt>

svRmev tdaid;t.

@kenaip suv&]e[ pui:pten sugiNxna,

vaSyte tn< svR< supue[ kul< ywa.

@kenaip kuv&]e[ kaeqriSwtvaina,

dte tn< svR< kupue[ kul< ywa.

V. :

RAmAyaNa, I, 67, 13-17

mh;RevRcnaamae y itit tnu>,

mU;a< tampav&Ty d!va xnurwavIt!. 13

#d< xnuvRr< idVy< s<Sp&zamIh pai[na,

yva< -iv:yaim taelne pUr[e =ip va. 14

baFimTyvIaja muin sm-a;t,

lIlya s xnumRXye jah vcnaNmune>. 15

pZyta< n&sha[a< bhna< r"unNdn>,

AaraepyTs xmaRTma slIlimv tnu>. 16

AaraepiyTva maEvIR< c pUryamas tnu>,

t- xnumRXye nreae mhayza>. 17

:
(14) yatnavASca: yatnavAn-S-ca
(15) vacanAnmuneH: vacanAd munes
(16) paSyatAM nRsahasrANAM bahUnAM - genetivus absolutus - "
...", . . "... ..." (. XXXIII)
(17) mahAyaSAH - N.sg. m ( -as, , N.sg. -As (.
XXX).
 XXXIX
1. . .
2. .

1. . .
.
- ,
. .
2 . . mA
.
:
mA dAt " " ( ),
mA gamaH " " ( ),
mA yAsiH " " ( VI ).
( ) , .
Parasmaipada tmanepada.
parasmaipada
-yAs- . [
.] 2 3 . sg.
Parasmaipada
kar.
sg. du. pl.
1. kriyAsam kriyAsva kriyAsma
2. kriyAs kriyAstam kriyAsta
3. kriyAt kriyAstAm kriyAsur

K A, e, ai, o e.
:
dA "" - deyAs, sthA "" - stheyAs-.
: pA "" - pIyAs-; pA "" - pAyAs-.
tmanepada V se[
-I(IX) . 2 3 . du.,
, Parasmaipada ( - tmanepada).
tmanepada
kar.
sg. du. pl.
1. kRXIya kRXIvahi kRXImahi
2. kRXIX[hAs kRXIyAsthAm kRXI]hvam
3. kRXIX[a kRXIyAstAm kRXIran

tmanepada .
 2. .
- .
,
. ,
.
( ) .

:
ati "; ",
adhi "; ",
anu "; ",
antar "; ",
apa ", ",
api pi "",
abhi "; ",
ava "; ",
A ", ",
ut/ud "",
upa "",
ni "; , ",
nis ", ",
parA "; ",
pari "",
pra "",
prati "; ",
vi " ",
sam ", ".
,
A, ni, pra, parA, sam. ,
.
"" anu, apa, abhi, nis, pari prati.
.

:
1) , .
, - .
:
gam "" - Agam ""; samgam "; ";
vart ", " - nivart "";
yuj "" - viyuj "".
(60%);
.
2) , ,
. -
.
:
IkX nirIkX ", ";
Sru abhiSru ", ";
cint saWcint ", ";
diS upadiS "";
grah pratigrah "".
(30%)
.
, .
3) ,
.
 :
vas "" - upavas "";
gam, i "" - adhigam, adhI ", ".
, "" :
adhigam 1) ", "; 2) ""; 3) ", ". labh "" - Alabh
(AlaWbh) . " ", Alabh
.
10%, .
,
,
-
. , ,
.

I. rAmavivAhaH ( XXXIV) ,
.

II. devanAgarI
:
AyA, vyApad, avaX[ambh, vijVA, preX, atikram, abhibhU, vilamb, Agam,
aparAdh, saWrudh, upakram, nipat, upagam.

III. devanAgarI ,
.

m
uddeSa, bhakX,
mRga, mil,
uccheda, cint.
sattva,
AhAra,
SaSaka,
vAra,
upAya.

pratyaham,
vijVApita, ekaikam,
dhUrta, -prabhRti,
mRta, pratidinam,
aSakya, kadAcid,
buddhimant. atas.

IV. PaVcatantra (I, 6), sandhi,

, :

AiSt kiSm<inaeeze is<h>, s c svaRNm&ganv_ya-]yt!,

ttae m&gEimRilTva is<hae iv}aipt>, dev, svRm&gaeCDed> ikmwR<

 iyte, vymev svRe TyhmekEk< svmaharawR< e;yam>, tenaem!,

@vmiSTvit, tt>-&it itidn< tE> ei;tmekEk< m&g< -]yiNSwt>,

Aw kdaictRzzkSy var Aayat>, sae =icNtyt!, m&tae =hm!, ik<

kraeim. Kv yaSyaim, ya yen jIvaim tmupay< icNtyaim,

ikmzK(< buimtam!, At> is<hmevaepayaNtre[ VyapadyamIit,

V. :

RAmAyaNa I, 67, 18-22

tSy zBdae mhanasIi"aRtsmin>Svn>,

-UimkMp sumhaNpvRtSyev dIyRt>. 18

inpetu nra> svRe ten zBden maeihta>,

vjRiyTva muinvr< rajan< taE c ra"vaE. 19

TyaSte jne tiSmNraja ivgtsaXvs>,

%vac ailvaRKy< vaKy}ae muinpu<gvm!. 20

-gvNd&vIyaeR me ramae dzrwaTmj>,

ATytmicNTy< c AtikRtimd< mya. 21

jnkana< kule kIitRmahir:yit me suta,

sIta -taRrmasa* ram< dzrwaTmjm!. 22

(18) AsInnirghAtasamaniHsvanaH: AsIt nirghAta-sama-niHsvanas

(19) nipetuSca narAH - nipetur... - perfektum, 3 . pl. P. ni-pat
(20) pratyASvaste jane tasminrAjA - locativus absolutus - " , ..." (.
XXXII).
(22) bhartAramAsAdya rAmaM - accusativus duplex ( ) - "
() (A.) (A.)"...
 XXXX
1. ().
2. .

1.
().
.
. ()
.

.
, . .
:
gam "" - Agam "" - Agamana n "",
dA "" - pradA "; " - pradAtar m ", ",
bhAX "" - saMbhAX ", " - saMbhAXa n ", ".

(. XXXIX).
,
. ati-, adhi-, upa-, pra-, prati-,
- anu-, apa-, vi- (. -
XXXIX).
ati- , ,
:
varXa m, n "" - ativarXa m, n " , ",
vAta m "" - ativAta m " , ".
adhi- , (
) , :
deva m "" - adhideva m " , ",
pati m "; " - adhipati m "; ".
upa- , ,
, :
vana n "" - upavana n "; ",
mAtar f "" - upamAtar f "",
purANa n "" - upapurANa n " ".
pra- ,
( ), (),
():
napAt m "; " - pranapAt m "",
pitAmahI f " ( )" - prapitAmahI f "",
puruXa m "" - prapuruXa m "",
dvAr m "" - pradvAr m " , ",
patha m "" - prapatha m "; ".
prati-. , -
, , :
jana m "" - pratijana m "; ",
vAta m "" - prativAta m " ",
pura n "" - pratipura n " ".
, -, , ,
:
 dAna n "" - pratidAna n " ",
dhvani m "" - pratidhvani m ", ".
- , :
veSman n "" - prativeSman n ", ",
cakra m, n "" - praticakra m, n " ".
prati- , -, :
dina n "" - pratidina n " ",
vatsara m "" - prativatsara m " ",
vana n "" - prativana n " ".

.
)
ati-, adhi A-. ati- adhi-
, :
kRXNa ", " - atikRXNa " , ",
nava "" - abhinava " ".
A- ,
, :
rakta "" - Arakta "",
pakva "" - Apakva ", ".
karmadhAraya.

) - ,
, , ,
(.
bahuvrIhi. XXXII).
: - , - , - . .
,
:
tejas "" - atitejas " , ",
manas n "" - vimanas " , ",
ojas n "" - udojas " , ".

vi-, nis- ud-.
vi- , , nis- ,
:
pApa n "; " - vipApa ", ",
nidrA f "" - vinidra " , ",
guNa m " , " - viguNa, nirguNa " ",
megha m "" - vimegha, nirmegha "",
jana m "" - nirjana, vijana "; ".
ud- - .
,
:
daN]a m, n "" uddaN]a " ",
bAhu m "" - udbAhu " ",
karNa m "" - utkarNa " , ".
.

( ) -
, . . .
a- sa- (. XXXVI).

bahuvrIhi [
bahuvrIhi].
 2. .
- -
. ,
, ,
.
1). , -tas, -tra, -
thA, -dA, -dhA, -Sas, -vat, -r.
-tas ( -
-t) (Aditas ",
") (anurUpatas "").
-tas (atas
"", amutas ""); -tra
(sarvatra "", anyatra " , "); -dA
(ekadA "", sadA ""); -thA
(anyathA "", pUrvathA " ").
-tas, -tra, -dA, -thA ,
:
tatas "", tatra "", tadA "", tathA "";
yatas "", yatra "", yadA "", yathA "";
kutas "?", kutra "?", kadA "", kathA ( katham) "?".
-dhA -Sas
(yoniSas "")
(dvidhA " , ", tridhA " , ").
-vat, ,
(brAhmanavat "-, ", pUrvavat " ", tadvat "").
-r (antar "", punar "", prAtar
"" ).

2)
. .
(dUra "" - dUram
"", kXipra "" - kXipram ""), (pArSva "" -
pArSvam "", samIpa "" - samIpam "").
(satya n ", " - satyena
"", sahas n ", " - sahasA "").
(bala "" - balAt " , ", Asa "" - AsAt "").

3)
-am ( - ),
.
"" .
:
prativanam " ", atisAyam " ", anugaVgam " ", adhividyam
" ", uparAjam " ", nirvyAjam " , ".
, avyayIbhava ("
")
(samAsa).

I. devanAgarI
)
bhAra m ", " - atibhAra m
kopa m "" - atikopa m
bhUta m "" - atibhUta m
vana n "" - upavana n
rAjan m "" - pratirAjan m
niScaya m "" - pratiniScaya m.

)
Suddha "" - atiSuddha
pramANa n ", " - atipramANa
rakta "" - Arakta
mukha n "" - unmukha
aSru m, n "" - udaSru
anna n ", " - niranna
matsya m "" - nirmatsya
mala m "" - nirmala
pakXa m "" - vipakXa
vastra n ", " - vivastra.

II. IV XXXIX .

III. devanAgarI ,
.

m f
atikrama, velA,
pathan, kXutpipAsA,
durAtman, bhrAnti;
svAmin,
kUpa, n
Atman, paVcatva.
pratibimba,
vaSa;

abhibhUta,
aparAddha,
antara,
upakrAnta,
pUrNa.

saWrudh,
bhakX, tatas,
palAy, katham,
kutas,
grah,
katham
nipat.
api,
tvaritam,
atIva,
upari.
 IV. , sandhi, ,
:
ttae velaitm< kTva kw<icNmNd< mNdmgCDt!, is<hae =ip ]uiTppasai--Ut>

aexaduvac, kutSTv< ivlMByagt>, sae =vIt!, nahmpra>,

piw is<haNtre[ s<Xy -i]tumupaNt>, tSmaTkwmip plaYyagtae

=iSm, is<h Aah, KvasaE duraTma, s Aah, TvirtmagCD Svaimn!,

t< dzRyamIit, ttSt< g&hITvatIvinmRljlpU[RkUp< gt>, t

pZyeit tSy itibMb< dzRyamas, s caitkaepvzadaTmn> itibMb<

d&!va is<haNtraNTya jle tSyaepir inpTy pTvmupgt>.

V. :

RAmAyaNa I, 67, 23-27

mm sTya it}a sa vIyRzuLkeit kaEizk,

sIta a[EbRhmta deya ramay me suta. 23

-vtae =numte zI< gCDNtu miN[>,

mm kaEizk -< te AyaeXya< Tvirta rwE>, 24

rajan< itEvaRKyEranyNtu pur< mm,

dan< vIyRzuLkaya> kwyNtu c svRz>. 25

muinguaE c kakuTSwaE n&pay vE,

Iityu< tu rajanmanyNtu suzIga>. 26

kaEizkStu tweTyah raja ca-a:y miN[>,

AyaeXya< e;yamas xmaRTma ktzasnan!,

ywav&< smaOyatumanetu< c n&p< twa. 27

:
(23) deyA - f dA
(24) bhavato (< bhavatas) - Abl. G.sg. bhavant
(24) tvaritA rathaiH: tvaritAr (r < s) rathais - " "
(25) Anayantu - caus. AnI (imperativus 3 . pl. P.)
(25) kathayantu - caus. kath (imperativus 3 . pl. P.)
(26) nRpAya - D.sg. m
(27) mAntriNaH - A. pl. m.
 .
.
V ,
() 1981 , :

s<SktmiSt jnnI -UysIna< -a;a[a<,

sjIvmnupm< saxn laekVyvhara[aimdanImip, kSy n Sp&zit

dy< k< va muGxIkraeit maxuyR< la"v< caTy ? #dmiSt kae;ae =]Yy>

saihTySy bh-UimkSy, samaijk-akitk-xaimRkdazRink}an-

iv}anana< c,

" -
. ,
? - , ()
, ".

,
, .

" " .. (1)
.

.. (2).
, ,
.. (3) ( ), . (4) ( ) . - .
(5) ( ).
.
.. (6). -
(1) - -
(7), , ,
(-) . . (8),
, .
- M. (9).
, .
(10), . . .. (11) .. (12).
,
, .

1) .. . . - .: .. .
- . , 1978; 2- - 1987.
2) 2) M.R. Kale. A Higher Sanskrit Grammar. Bombay, 1894; the 5th Edition - Bombay, 1918;
reprinted: Delhi 1972, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1988.
3) W.D. Whitney. A Sanskrit Grammar. Gotha 1879, the 5th Edition - Leipzig, 1924;
Cambridge, Mass., 1955; reprinted: Delhi 1962, 1969, 1973.
4) L. Renou. Grammaire sanscrite, I-II Paris, 1930; 1961.
5) J. Wackernagel, A. Debrunner. Altindische Grammatik, I-III. Gottingen, 1896-1954.
6) .. . . - .
- - . , 1983.
 7) .. Monier-Williams. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Originally Published 1899; Delhi-
Varanasi-Patna 1956; New Delhi 1976.
8) O. Bhtlingk, R. Roth. Sanskrit-Wrterbuch, Bd. I-VII. St. Petersburg, 1855-1875; Indian
Edition - Sanskrit Wrterbuch (7 Vols. Along with Nachtrage by Richard Schmidt) Delhi, 1991.
9) M. Mayrhofer. KutzgefaCtes etymologisches Wrterbuch des Altindischen, Bd. I-IV.
Heidelberg, 1956-1980.
10) Th. Burrow. The Sanskrit Language. London 1955, the 2th Edition - 1959;
: . . . , 1976.
11) .. , .. . . , 1960.
12) S.K. Chatterji. Indo-Aryan and Hindi. The 2th Edition - Calcutta, 1960; :
.. . . , 1977 (. I, I-III).


( )

a A i I u U R e ai o au

a
A A e e o o ar ai ai au au
A
i
ya yA I I yu yU yR ye yai yo yau
I
u
va vA vi vI U U vR ve vai vo vau
U
R
ra rA ri rI ru rU re rai ro rau

e aA ai aI au aU aR ae a ai ao a au
e`
ayA ayi ayI ayu ayU ayR aye ayai ayo ayau
ai Aya AyA Ayi AyI Ayu AyU AyR Aye Ayai Ayo Ayau
Aa AA Ai AI Au AU AR Ae A ai Ao A au
o avA Avi AvI avu avU avR ave avai avo avau
o`
aA ai aI au aU aR ae a ai ao a au
au Ava AvA Avi AvI Avu AvU AvR Ave Avai Avo Avau
Aa AA Ai AI Au AU AR Ae A ai Ao A au
- +

a A k kh g gh c ch j jh V [ [h ] ]h N

k ga gA - - gg ggh g - - gi gjh gV - - g] g]h gn

V
N

[ ]a ]A - - ]g ]gh ] - - ]j ]jh ]V - - ]] ]]h ]N

NV NN
N

p ba bA - - bg bgh b - - bd bd bV - - b] b]h bN
m h mV mN

t da dA - - dg dgh d cc cch jj jjh jV [[ [[h ]] ]]h ]N

VV NN
n

a nA
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
a nA

N NNa NNA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Na NA

n nna nnA - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
na nA

m - - Wk Wkh Wg Wgh W Wc Wch Wj Wjh WV W[ W[h W] W]h WN

kh gh Vch N]h
k g Vc Vj Vjh VV N[ N[h N] NN

(i)H ra rA Hk Hkh rg rgh r Sc Sch rj rjh rV X[ X[h r] r]h rN

kHkh
kHk

aH o` aA - - og ogh aSc aSch oj ojh oV aX[ aX[h o] o]h oN

o

AH Aa AA - - Ag Agh A ASc ASch Aj Ajh AV AX[ AX[h A] A]h AN

 +

t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v S X s h

g+h
k - - gd gdh gn - - gb gbh gm gy gr gl gv kS - - ggh
n m kch

]dh ]bh ]+h

[ - - ]d ]n - - ]b ]m ]y ]r ]l ]v [S - - ]]h
Nm [ch
Nn

bdh bbh bm b+h

p - - bd bn - - bb by br bl bv pS - -
mm bbh
mn pch

ddh dbh dm d+h

t dd dn - - db dy dr dl dv cS - -
nm cch ddh
nn

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

m Wt Wth Wd Wdh Wn Wp Wph Wb Wbh Wm Wy Wr Wl Wv WS WX Ws W+h

nth ndh mph mbh mm
nt nd nn mp mb ~yy ~ll ~vv

Hph r+h
(i)H st sth rd rdh rn Hp rb rbh rm ry -r rl rv HS HX Hs
pHp pH SS XX ss
ph

odh aHp aH obh om aHS aHX aHs o+h

(a)H ast as od on ob oy or ol ov
ph aSS aXX ass
th

Adh AHp AH Abh Am A+h

(A)H Ast As Ad An Ab Ay Ar Al Av - - -
ph
th
 , ,
( 3 ).
.

..

.
ad II atti atsyati Ada adyate Adayati jighatsati anna attum
arc P I arcati arciXyati Anarca arcyate arcayati arciciXati arcita arcitum
arth X arthayate arthayiXyate arthayAV arthyate arthita arthayitum
cakre
arh P I arhati arhiXyati Anarha arhyate arhayati arjihisati arhita arhitum
as P II asti baviXyati babhUva asyate bhAvayati bubhusati bhUta bhavitum
ah Aha
Ap P V Apnoti Apsyati A Apyate Apayati Ipsati Apta Aptum
As II Aste AsiXyate AsAVcakre Asyate Asayati AsisiXate Asita Asitum
i P II eti eXyati iyAya Iyate Ayayati IyiXati ita etum
iX P VI icchati eXiXyati iyeXa iXyate eXayati eXiXiXati iX[a eXitum
IkX I IkXate IkXiXyate IkXAVcakre IkXyate IkXayati IcikXiXate IkXita IkXtum
Uh A I Uhate UhiXyate UhAVcakre Uhyate Uhayati Uhita
kath P X kathayati kathayiXyati kathayAmAsa kathyate cikathayiXati kathita kathayitum
kam I kAmayiXyate cakame kAmayate kanta kAmayitum
kAmayAVcakre
kamp I kampate kampiXyate cakampe kampyate kampayati cikampiXate kampita kampitum
kar U VIII karoti/kurute kariXyati/-te cakAra/cakre kriyate kArayati cikIrXati/ kRta kartum
cikrIXate
kart P VI kRntati kartiXyati cakarta kRtyate kartyati cikartiXati/ kRtta kartitum
cikRtsati
karXU VI kRXati/-te karXyati/-te cakarXa kRXyate karXayati cikRkXati kRX[a kraX[um,
karX[um
kal U X kalayati/ -te kalayiXyati/-te kalayAVcakAra cikalayiXati/-te kalita
cakre
kAS I kAXate kASiXyate cakASe kASyate kASayati cikASiXate kASita kASitum
kup P IV kupyati kopiXyati cukopa kupyate kopayati cikopiXati kupita kopitum
 . .

.
kram U I kramati/-te kramiXyati cakrama kramyate kramayati cikramiXati krAnta kramitum
krI] P I krI]ati krI]iXyati cikrI]a kri]yate kri]ayati cikrI]iXati krI]ita krI]itum
kruS P V kroSati krokXyati cukroSa kruSyate kroSayati cukrukXati kruX[a kroX[um
kXam I kXamate kXamiXyate cakXame kXamyate kXamayati cikXamiXate kXanta kXamitum,
kXantum
kXi P I kXayati kXeXyati cikXAya kXIyate kXayayati cikXIXati kXita, kXINa kXetum
khan khanati/-te khaniXyati cakhAna khAyate, khAnayati cikhaNiXati khAta khanitum
khanyate
khAd P I khAdati khAdiXyati cakhAda khAdyate khAdayati cikhAdiXati khAdita khAditum
khyA P II khyAti khyAsyati cakhyau khyayate khyApayati cikhyAsati khyAta khyAtum
gaN X gaNayati gaNayiXyati gaNayAmAsa gaNyate jigaNayiXati gaNita gaNayitum
gam P I gacchati gamiXyati jagAma gamyate gamayati jigamiXati gata gantum
garj P I garjati garjiXyati jagarja garjyate garjayati jigarjiXati garjita garjitum
gah U X gahayati/-te gahayaV-
cakAra/-cakre
I gA II gAte gAsyate jage gIyate gApayati jigIsati
II gA P IV gAyati gAsyati jagau gIyate gApayati jigAsati gIta gAtum
gah U I gAhatiAte gAhiXyate jagAha gAhyate gAhayati jigAhiXati, gAhitum
jighAkXati gAdha
gup P I gopsyate, jugopa gupyate gopayati jigupiXati gupta gopitum,
gopiXyate goptum
grah U IX gRhNAti/ grahiXyati/-te jagrAha/ gRhyate grAhayati jighrksati/-te grhIta grahItum

gRhNIite jagRhe
glai U I glAyati glasyati jaglau glAyate glApayati jiglAsati glAna glAtum
gha[ I gha[ate gha[iXyate jagha[e gha[ayati, jigha[iXate gha[ita gha[itum
 .
.
.
r I carati cariXyati cacAra caryate cArayati cicariXati carita caritum
cal I calati caliXyati cacAla calyate cAlayati cicaliXati calita calitum
cint U X cintayati/-te cintayiXyati/-te cintayAmAsa cintyate
cur U X corayati/-te corayiXyati/-te corayAmAsa coryate cucorayiXati corita corayitum
jan A IV jAyate janiXyate jajVe janyate janayati jijaniXate jAta janitum
ji U I jayati/-te jeXyati/-te jigAya / jigye jIyate jApayati jigIXati /-te jetum
jita
jIv I jIvati jIviXyati jijIva jIvyate jIvayati jijIviXati jIvita jIvitum
jVA U IX jAnAti / jnAsyati/-te jajVau / jVAyate jVApayati jijVAsati /-te j VAta jVAtum
jAnIte jajne
[Ik I [Ikate
]I IV ]Iyate ]ayiXyate ]i]ye ]Iyate ]Ayayati ]i]ayiXate ]ayita, ]Ina ]ayitum
t a]P X tA]ayati tA]ayiXyati ta]ayAV- tA]yate tA]ita tA]ayitum

cakAra
tan U VIII tanoti / taniXyati /-te tatana / tene tanyate tAnayati titaniXati /-te tata tanitum
tanute titaWsati /-te
tar P I tarati tariXyati, tatAra tIryate tArayati titIrXati, taritum,
tIrNa
VI tirati tarIXyati titariXati tarItum
tark U X tarkayati /-te tarkayiXyati/-te tarkayAV- tarkyate tarkita tarkayitum
-cakAra /cakre
tarj P I tarjati tarjiXyate tarjayAVcakre tarjyate titarjiXati tarjita tarjayitum
X tar jayate
tud U VI tudat i /-te totsyatiX-te tutoda / tudyate todayati tututsati /-te tunna toditum
tutude
tuX P IV tuXyati tokXyati tutoXa tuXyate toXayati tutukXati tuX[a toX[um
 ..

.
tyaj P I tyajati tyakXyati tatyAja tyajyate tyAjayati tityakXati tyakta tyaktum
tvar I tvarate tvariXyate tatvare tvaryate tvarayati titvariXate tvarita, tUrNa tvaritum
darS P IV paSyati drakXyati dadarSa dRSyate darSayati didRkXate dRX[a draX[um
dah P I dahati dhakXyati dadAha dahyate dAhayati didhakXati dagdha dagdhum
dA U III dadati/ datte dAsyati /-te dadau/dade dIyate dApayati ditsati /-te datta dAtum
div U IV dIvyati /-te deviXyati dideva dIvyate devayati dideviXati dyuta devitum
diS U VI diSati/-te dekXyati /-te dideSa/ didiSe diSyate deSayati didikXati /-te diX[a deX[um
dhar U I dharati /-te dhariXyati /-te dadhAra/ dhriyate dhArayati didhariXati /-te dhRta dhartum
dadhre
dhA U III dadhAti/ dhAsyati /-te dadhau/dadhe dhIyate dhApayati ditsati /-te hita dhAtum
dhatte
dhAv U I dhAvati /-te dhAviXyati /-te dadhAva/ dhAvyate dhAvayati didhAviXati /-te dhAvita,dhaut dhAvitum
dadhAve
dhvaWs I dhvasate dhvaWsiXyate dadhvaWse dhvaWsyate dhvaWsayati didhvaWsiXate dhvasta
na[ P I na[at i na[iXyati nanA[a na[yate nA[ayati na[ita
nand P I nandati nandiXyati nananda nandyate nandayati ninandiXati nandita nantum
nam P I namati naWsyati nanAma namyate namayati ninaWsati nata
nAmayati,
naS IV naXyati naSiXyati, nanASa naSyate nASayati ninaSiXati, naX[a naSitum,
nakXyati ninaWkXati naX[um
nI U I nayati /-te neXyati /-te ninAya/ ninye nIyate nAyayati ninIXati /-te nIta netum
U I pacati /-te pakXyati /-te papAca/ pece pacyate pAcayati pipakXati /-te pakva paktum
pa[h P I pa[hati pa[hiXyati papA[ha pa[hyate pA[hayati pipa[hiXati pa[hita pa[hitum
pat P I patati patiXyati papAta patyate pAtayati pipatiXati patita patitum
par P IX prnati pariXyati, papAra pUryate pArayati pipariXati pUrNa
parIXyati
 .,

.
palAy
pA P I pibati pAsyati papau pIyate pAyayati pipAsati pIna pAtum
pAl P X pAlayati pAlayiXyati pAlayAmAsa pAlyate pAlita pAlayitum
pUj P X pUjayati pUjayiXyati pUjayAmAsa pUjyate pUjita pUjayitum
plu I plavate ploXyate pupluve plUyate plAvayati puplUXate pluta plotum
bandh P IX bandhAti bhantsyati babandha badhyate bandhayati bibhantsati baddha banddhum
budh U I bodhati/-te bodhiXyati /-tebubodha/ budhyate bodhayati bubodhiXati/te bodhita, bodhitum
bubudhe buddha
brU U II bravIti/ brute vakXyati /-te uvAca/Uce ucyate vAcayati vivakXati /-te ukta vaktum
bhakX P X bhakXayati bhakXiXyati bhakXayAmAs bhakXyate bibhakXayiXati bhakXita bhakXitum
bhaj U I bhajati /-te bhakXyati /-te babhAja/bhej bhajyate bhAjayati bibhakXati /-te bhakta bhaktum
bhaVj P VII bhanakti bhaVkXyati babhaVja bhajyate bhaVjayati bibhaVkXati bhagna bhaVktum
bhar U III bibharti/ bhariXyati /-te babhAra/ bhriyate bhArayati bibhariXati /-te bhRta bhartum
bibhRte babhre
bhAX I bhAXate bhAXiXyate babhAXe bhAXyate bhAXayati bibhAXiXate bhAXita bhAXitum
bhuj U VII bhunakti/ bhokXyati /-te bubhoja/ bhujyate bhojayati babhukXati bhukta bhoktum
bhuVkte babhuje
bhU P I bhavati bhaviXyati babhUva bhUyate bhAvayati bubhUXati bhUta bhavitum
bhram P IV bhrAmyati bhramiXyati babhrAma bhramyate bhramayati bibhramiXati bhrAnta bhramitum
mad P IV mAdyati madiXyati mamAda madyate madayati mimadiXati matta maditum
man IV manyate maWsyate mene manyate mAnayati mImAWsate mata mantum
mar VI marate mariXyate mamre mriyate mArayati mumUrXate mRta martum
mA III mimIte mAsyate mame mIyate mApayati mitsati mita mAtum
mil U VI milati /-te meliXyati /-te mimela/ milyate melayati mimilXati /-te milita melitum
mimile
muc U VI muVcati /-te mokXyati /-te mumoca/ mucyate mocayati mumukXati /- mukta moktum
mumuce
 ..

,
muh P IV muhyati mohiXyati, mumoha muhyate mohayati mumuhiXati, mugdha, mohitum,
mokXyati mumukXati mU]ha mogdhum
mnA P I manati mnAsyati mamnau mnAyate mnApayati mimnAsati mnAta mnAtum
yaj U I yajati/-te yakXyati /-te iyAja/ Ije ijyate yAjayati yiyakXati /-te iX[a yaX[um
yam P I yacchati yamsyati yayAma yamyate yAmayati yiyaWsati yata yantum
yA P II yAti yAsyati yayau yAyate yApayati yiyAsati yAta yatum
yuj U VII yunakti/ yokXyati/-te yuyoja/ yUjyate yojayati yuyukXati /-te yukta yoktum
yuVkte yuyuje
rakX P I rakXati rakXiXyati rarakXa rakXyate rakXayati rirakXiXati rakXita rakXitum
rac P X racayati racayiXyati racayAmAsa racyate racita racayitum
rabh I rabhate rapsyate rebhe rabhyate rambhayati ripsate rabdha rabdhum
ram I ramate raWsyate reme ramyate ramayati riraWsate rata raWtum
rAdh P IV rAdhyati rAtsyate rarAdha rAdhyate rAdhayati rirAtsati rAddha rAddhum
ruc I rocate rociXyate ruruce rucyate rocayati ruruciXate, rucita rocitum
rud P II roditi rodiXyati ruroda rudyate rodayati rurociXate rudita roditum
rudh U VII runaddhi / rotsyati/-te rurodha/ rudhyate rurudiXati rudita
runddhe rurudhe rodhayati rurutsati/-te ruddha roddhum
rup P IV rupyati ropiXyati ruropa ropyate ropayati rurupiXati, rupita
ruh P I rohati rokXyati ruroha ruhyate rohayati ruropiXati rU]ha ro]hum,
rurukXati rohitum
lakX I lakXate lakXiXyate lalakXe lakXyate lakXayati lilakXayiXate lakXita lakXitum,
lakXayitum
 ..

.
labh I labhate lapsyate lebhe labhyate lambhayati lipsate labdha labdhum
lamb I lambate lambiXyate lalambe lambyate lambayati lambita lambitum
lal P I lalati laliXyati lalAla lAlayati lilaliXati lalita lalitum
las P I lasati lasiXyati lalAsa lasyate lAsayati lilasiXati lasita lasitum
likh P VI likhati lekhiXyati lilekha likhyate lekhayati lilikhiXati, likhita lekhitum
lilekhiXati
lip U VI limpati /-te lepsyati /-te lilepa/ lilipe lipyate lepayati lilipsati /-te lipta leptum
vac P II vakti vakXyati uvAca ucyate vAcayati vivakXati ukta vaktum
vad P I vadati vadiXyati uvAda udyate vAdayati vivadiXati udita vaditum
vand I vandate vandiXyate vavande vandyate vandayati vivandiXate vandita vanditum
vap U I vapati /-te vapsyati /-te uvApa/Upe upyate vApayati vivapsati /-te upta vaptum
I var U V, vRNoti/ vRNute variXyati /-te vavAra/ vavre vriyate vArayati vivariXati /-te, vRta varitum,
IX, vRNAti/vRNIte vuvUrXati /-te varItum
X varayati /-te
II var IX, vRNAti/vRNIte variXyati /-te, vavAra/vavre vriyate vArayati vivariXati /-te, vRta varitum,
I varati /-te varIXyati /-te vuvUrXati /-te varItum
varj P I, varjati, varkXyati vavArja vRjyate varjayati vivRkXati vRkta varjitum
VII vRNAkti
vart I vartate vartiXyate vavRte vRtyate vartayati vivartiXate, vRtta vartitum
vivRtsati
 . .

.
vardh U I vardhati /-te vartsyati/ vavardha/ vRdhyate vardhayati vivRtsati/ vRddha vardhitum
vardhiXyate vavRdhe vivardhiXate
varX U I varXati /-te varXiXyati /-te vavarXa/ vRXyate varXayati vivarXiXati /-te vRX[a varXitum
vavRXe
vas U I vasati /-te vatsyati /-te uvAsa/UXus uXyate vAsayati vivatsati /-te uXita vastum
vah U I vahati /-te vakXyati /-te uvAha/Uhe uhyate vAhayati vivakXati/-te U]ha vo]hum
vA P II vXti vAsyati vavau vAyate vApayati vivAsati vAta vAtum
I vid P II vetti vediXyati viveda vidyate vedayati vividiXati vidita veditum
II vid U VI vindati /-te vediXyati /-te viveda/ vivide vidyate vedayati vivitsati /-te vinna, vitta veditum,
viS U VI viSati /-te vekXyati /-te viveSa/viviSe viSyate veSayati vivikXati /-te viX[a tt
veX[um
SaWs P I SaWsati SaWsiXyati SaSaWsa Sasyate SaWsayati SiSaWsiXati Sasta SaWsitum
Sak P V Saknoti SakXyati SaSAka Sakyate SAkayati SikXati Sakta Saktum
Sas P II SaAsti SAsiXyati SaSAsa SiXyate SAsayati SiSASiXati SiX[a SAsitum
Siks I SikXate SikXiXyate SiSikXe SikXyate SikXayati SiSikXiXate SikXita SikXitum
Si II Sete SayiXyate SiSye Sayyate Sayayati SiSayiXate Sayita Sayitum
Sudh U IV Sudhyati /-te Sotsyati /-te SuSodha/ Sudhyate Sodhayati SuSutsati /-te Suddha
Sudhati /-te SuSudhe
Subh I Sobhate SobhiXyate SuSubhe Sobhita Sobhitum
Sram P IV Sramyati SramiXyati SaSrAma Sramyate Sramayati, SiSramiXati SrAnta Sramitum
SrAmayati
 ..
. .
.
Sri U I Srayati /-te SrayiXyati/-te SiSrAya/ SrIyate SrAyayati SiSrayiXati /-te Srita Srayitum
SiSriye
Sru U V SRNoi /SRNute SroXyati /-te SuSrAva/ SrUyate SrAvayati SuSrUXati /-te Sruta Srotum
SuSruve
Svas P II Svasiti SvasiXyati SaSvAsa Svasyate SvAsayati SiSvasiXati Svasta Svasitum
sad P I sIdati satsyati sasAda sadyate sAdayati siXatsati sanna sattum
sar P I, sarati, sariXyati sasAra sriyate sArayati sisIrXati sRta sartum
III sisarti
sarj U VI sRjati /-te srakXyati /-te sasarja/sasRj sRjyate sarjayati sisRkXati /-te sRX[a sraX[um
sah I sahate sahiXyate sehe sahyate sAhayati sisahiXate so]ha sahitum,
so]hum
sAdh U I, sAdhati /-te sAtsyati sasAdha sAdhyate sAdhayati siXAtsati sAddha sAddhum
PV sAdhnoti
sic U VI siVcati /-te sekXyati /-te siXeca/ siXice sicyate secayati sisikXati sikta sektum
sidh U IV sidhyati /-te setsyati /-te siXedha/ sidhyate sedhayati siXitsati /-te siddha seddhum
siXidhe
su U V sunoti/ soXyati /-te suXAva/ sUyate sAvayati susUXati /-te suta sotum
sunute suXuve
sev I sevate seviXyate siXeve sevyate sevayati siseviXate sevita sevitum
 / .

.
stambh P V stabhnoti stambhiXyati tastambha stabhyate stambhayati tistambhiXati stabdha stambhitum
stu U II stauti, stvavIti/ stoXyati /-te tuX[Ava/ stUyate stAvayati tuX[uXati /-te stuta stotum
stute, stuvite tuX[uve
sthA U I tiX[hati /-te sthAsyati /-te tasthau/ sthIyate sthApayati liX[ hAsati /-te sthita sthAtum
tasthe
snA P II snAti snAsyati sasnau snAyate snApayati siXNAsati snAta snAtum
sparh U P X spRhayati /-te spRhayiXyati spRhayAmAsa spRhyate pispRhiXati spRhita spRhayitum
sphur P VI sphurati sphuriXyati susphora sphorayati, pusphuriXati sphurita
sphArayati
smar P I smarati smariXyati sasmAra smaryate smArayati susmurXati smRta smartum
smi I smayate smoXyate siXmiye smIyate smAyayati, sismayiXate smita
smApayati
sru U I sravati /-te sroXyati /-te susrAva/ srAvayati
susruve
svap P II svapiti svapsyati suXvApa supyate svApayati suXupsati supta svaptum
svAd svAdate, svAdiXyate, sasvAde, svAdyate svadayati siXvadiXate, svadita
svad I svadate svadiXyate sasvade siXvAdiXate
han P II hanti haniXyati jaghAna hanyate ghAtayati jighAWsati hata hantum
har U I harati /-te hariXyati /-te jahAra/jahre hriyate hArayati jihIrXati /-te hRta hartum
hu U III juhoti/juhute hoXyati /-te juhAva/juhuve hUyate hAvayati juhUXati /-te huta hotum
heX I heXate jiheXe heXita
hvA U I hvayati /-te hvAsyati /-te juhAva/juhuve hUyate hvAyayati juhUXati /-te hUta hvAtum
 a

WSa m 1) , ; 2)
karNa 1) ; 2)
agn m 1) ; 2) nm. r. ( )
agni-hotr n 1) ; 2)
gra n ;
nga n 1) ; 2) ()
ngAra m, n
angli f
r ,
acala . r
acintya 1) , ; 2) m
cyuta 1) ; 2) ( )
aja m
atarkita , (pp. tark)
atas adv. 1) , ; 2) ,
ti 1) , ; 2)
atikopa m
atikram ( . kram) , ( );
()
atikrama m
atikrAnta (pp. atikram) ( , )
atithi m ,
ativart ( . vart) 1) , ( ); 2)

atiSaya 1. , ; 2. adv. ,
atiX[hA ( . sthA) 1) , -;
2) ; 3) ,
atIva adv. ,
atyadbhuta
atyucchrita ( )
tra adv.
atragam ( . gam) ;
tha 1) , , : , ; 2) , ;
3) , ,
atharva-veda m (. , -
, , .)
ad (. . tti II; fut. atsyti; pf. jaghsa; pp. jagdh, ann) ,

ads , ()
adya I (pn. ad) 1) , ; 2) n
adya II adv. ,
adhamarNa m
adhika 1) ; 2) ,
adhigam ( . gam) 1) , ; 2) ,

adhI ( . i) ; ;
adhun adv. ,
adhyayana n ; ;
adhyayanArtham (adhyayana-artham) ,
adhyAya m 1) , (, ); 2)
, ; 3) ,
dhvan m 1) , ; 2) ; 3)
anantarm adv. , ; ...
anapaty
anAtha 1. 2. anatha n ;
anugam ( . gam) (.),
anugrahIta 1) , ; 2)
anuttama 1) ; 2)
anupama ,
anumata n ;
anulip ( . lip) ; ; ;
anulepita ;
anuSAs ( . SAs) ,
anuS sana n 1) ; ; 2) , ; 3)

anuX[hA ( . sthA) , , ,
,
anusar ( . sar) 1) (.); 2) -
(.); 3) ()
nRta 1. ; ; 2. n ,

anta m,n 1) ; 2) ;
antar adv. 1) , ; 2) , - (A., G.,
L.)
andha
andha-kAra m, n ,
nna n 1) , ; 2)
anvit , , - (I.)
anveXaNa n
n 1) ; ... (bl.) 2) , ; 3)
; 4)
anytra adv. 1) ; ; 2) ; 3)
- (.)
anythA adv. ,
f pl.
apatya n 1) ; 2) ;
apatyotpAdana (apatya-utpAdana) n
r 1) , ; 2) , ,
aparAddh 1. , ; 2. n , -
(G., L.)
aparAdh ( . rAdh) , ,

apavar ( . var I) ,
pi adv. , ; ; api vA
apoh ( . Uh) 1) ; 2) ; 3)
priya 1) ; 2)
abhava m ,
abhigam ( . gam) ,
abhigA ( . gA) -, ... (.)
abhtas adv. ,
abhidhA ( . dhA) ; ;
abhinand ( . nand) ,
- (.)
abhipUj ( . pUj) 1) , ; 2) ...(.)
abhipUjit
abhibhAX ( . bhAX) ,
abhibhU ( . bhU I) ;
abhibhUta ;
abhirati f
abhyas ( . as) ,
abhyudaya m 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ,

amtya m ; ;
amvasy f
amitaujas (a-mita-ojas) bah. ,

amuka -,
mbhas n
amra n .
ayam m N. sg. idam
ayi ! ( )
ayodhyA f
rN
ar 1. ; 2. m ,
arc (P. pr. rcati I; fut. arciXyti; pf. Anrca; aor. rcIt)
1) , ; 2) , ; 3) ,

arth (. pr. arthyate X; fut. arthyiXyte; pfph. arthayAW cakr; aor.
Artathata; pp. arthit) 1) , ; 2) ,
- (.)
rtha m, n 1) , ; 2) ; A. sg. -artham , ;

arh (P. pr. rhati I; pf. Anrha; aor. rhIt) , -
(inf.)
lam adv. , ; - (I.) alaW kar

avagam ( . gam) 1) ; 2) ;
3)
avagah ( . gah) ,
avadhA ( . dhA) 1) ; 2) ,

avaSyam adv. ,
avaX[ambh ( . stambh) ,
avahita ,
avighna 1. ; 2. n ;

aSakta , - (inf.)
aSakya ,
Sman m ;
Sru m, n
Sva
aSvapati m nom. pr.
aSvn m, du. nom pr. ( ,
)
aX[acakra bah. ,
aX[n
aX[AdaSa ; aX[AdaS
as (P. pr. sti II; fut. bhaviXyti; pf. Asa; pp. bhUt) ;

asankhya ,
sura m 1) , ; 2) pl. ( ,
)
asau m,f N. sg. adas
asta m (); astaW gam ( )
asmad 1
asmabhyam D. Abl. pl. aham
asm ka
asman A. pl. aham
asya m G. sg. idam
ah ( pf. ha, ahuh)
ahm
hita n ,
aho ax! !

Angala-bhAXA f
Akar ( . kar) ,
AkarNaya (den. or karNa)
AkaS m 1) ; 2)
Akram ( . kram) 1) , ; 2) -

AkruS ( . kruS) ( -)
(.)
Agam ( . gam) 1) ; ; 2) bahir + Abl.:
...
Agamana n ,
Acam (P. pr. Ac mati I; pf. A m) 1) , ; 2)
Ar ( . r) 1) -, -
(L.); 2) , ; 3)
AAr m ,
AjVA f ,
Atmaja m
AtmajA f
Atmn m 1) ; 2) ; ,
; 3) . ,
AdA ( . dA) 1) , ; 2) ,
Adi m ; -Adi 1) ...; 2) . .; 3)
AdeS m ; ;
Anana n
AnI ( . nI) ; ;
AnIt 1. , ; 2. ,

A (P. pr. apnti/apnums V; fut. apsyti; pf. ; r. pati;
pp. Apt) 1) (); 2) ,
Apad f ,
ApaNika ,
Apracch ( . pracch)
abhAX ( . bhAX) - (.);
(.)
Amr 1. ; 2. ()
Amra-phala n
Ayas 1) ; 2) ;
AA ( . A) 1) (, ); 2)
yuXmant ,
yus n
Arabh ( . rabh) 1) -; ;
2) ,
Arambh . Arabh
Arup ( . rup) ( )
AropaNa n 1) , ; 2) (
)
ArdrA f
Avart ( . vart) ,
AvRt
ASs f 1) ; ; 2)
ASA f = ASas
ASrama , ,
ASvas ( . Svas I) 1) ; 2) ;
3);
As (. pr. Aste II; fut. AsiXyte; pfph. AsAM cakr aor. siX[a)
1) ; 2) ,
Asad ( . sad) 1) , ; 2) ,

Asanna
Asanna-maraNa bah. (, )
Asadya ger. caus. Asad
AsIt impf. 3 . sg. P. as, .
AsId . AsIt
Astha ( . sthA) (.); ( c)
Asthit , ... (.)
Aha 3 sg. pf. ah, .
Ahar ( . har) ,
AhAra , ;
AhvA ( . hvA) ,

i
i (P. pr. yati I; ti II; fut. eXyti; pf. iaya) 1) ,
; 2) ( )
iti 1) ( , ,
); 2) ,
idm n
idAnIm adv. , ,
ndra nom. pr. ( ,
)
indriy n 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4)
imm A. sg. idm
im 1) N. pl. idm 2) N. A. du. f, idam
iym N. sg. f idm
iva 1) , ; 2) (
)
iX (U. pr. icchti/icchte VI; fut. eXiXyti/eXiXyte; pf. iyXa/IX; aor.
iXIt; pp. iX[) , - (.)
iha ,

IkX (A. pr. kXate I; fut. IkXiXyte; pf. IksAM cakr; aor. ikXiX[a; pp.
IkXit) , ,
IdRSa
Ipsitm adv. ,
ISvar m 1) , ; 2) ,
 u

ukt , (pp. vac)

ugr ;
uccais adv. 1) ; 2)
uccheda ,
ucchri ( . Sri) ,
ttara 1) ; 2) ;
3)
-uttara , ( ): saptottara

uttaradiSA f
utthA ( . sthA) 1) ; 2) ,
( , )
utpala n .
utpAdana n ;
utsanga
utsav ,
udaka n
udaya ;
udayaM gam ( )
udi ( . i) 1) , ; 2) ,
( )
uddeSa ,
uddhar ( . dhar) 1) ; ;
2) ,
udbhava ;
udbhU ( . bhU) ,
udy na n
upakram ( . kram) 1) , (.);
2) , ; 3) (A., Dat., In.)
upakrAnta 1. pp. upakram 2. n
upagam ( . gam) 1) , ; 2) ,
; 3) (.)
upajagmivant ; ... (.)
upadiS ( . diS I) - (.) - (.);
, ,
upadeSa ;
upam 1) ; 2) ,
upayA ( . A) ,
upri 1) , ; 2) , (G.)
upala m
upalabh ( . labh) 1) ; 2) ; 3)
upasad ( . sad) , (.)
upAkhyAna n
upAya ,
upAyAntara
upAhar ( . har)
ubh du. ,
lUka
ullas (ud-las, . las) , ( )
uvAca pf. vac, .
uXs f 1) ; 2) nom.pr. ( )
uXaHkAla () ,
uXNa 1. , ; 2. 1) , ; 2) ,
U

Uh (. pr. hate I; fut. UhiXyte; pf. Uhe; aor. ujihat, auhiX[a) 1)

; 2) ; )

Rgveda (.
, )
RXi ,

(A-i, . i) , (.)
ka ,
ekad adv. 1) , -; 2) ,
ekasmn Loc.-sg. m, eka
ekaikam adv. , ;
etd
etAn A. pl. etad
etAni N. pl. n etad
enad ,
enam A. sg. enad
enAm A. sg. f enad
ev ; ;
evm adv. ,


jas n ,
odan

au

audaka ;
auXadha 1. ; ; 2. 1) ; 2)

auXasa ,

ka 1) ? ? 2) ?
ka[a ;
kaN[ha ,
kaNva nom.pr. (,
)
katam ? ( )?
katar ? ( )?
kath (U. pr. kathyati / kathyate X; fut. kathayiXyti /
kathayiXyte; pfph. kathayAM cak ra/cakr; aor.
cakathat/cakathata; pp. kathit) 1) - (I.);
2) , (.)
kathaka
kathana 1) ; 2) ,
kathm adv. 1) ? ? 2) ?
?
katham api, kathaW cid -, -, ,
kathA f 1) , ; 2) ,
kad adv. ? kadA cid ) -; ) -,

knaka n
kaniXka nom.pr. (
I . ..)
kaniX[h 1. 1) ; 2) ;
2.
kanyA f 1) , ; 2)
kanyA-ratna n -
kam I (. fut. kamiXyte; pf. cakam; aor. cakamata; pp. kAnt)
1) ; 2) ,
kam II A. sg. ka; kaW cid A. sg. kaScid
kamala ,
kamala-vana (, )
kamp (. pr. kmpate I; fut. kampiXyte; pf. cakamp)

kar (U. pr. karti/kurut VIII; fut. kariXyti/kariXyte; pf.
cak ra/cakr; aor. karXit/kRta; p. kriyte; pp. kRt) ,

kar 1. ; 2.
karNa
karNaya (den. karNa)
kart (P. pr. kRNtati VI; fut. kartiXyti; pf. cakrta; aor. kartIt; pp. kRtt)
1) , ; 2) ;
kartr m 1) , , , ;
2) ,
krman 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) , ;
4) ,
karX (P. pr. krXati I; fut. karkXyti; pf. cakrXa; aor. kArkXIt; pp.
kRX[) , ; ()
kal (. pr. klate I; fut. kaliXyte; pf. cakal; aor. kaliX[a; pp. kalit)
,
kalaha , ;
kal f ,
kalyAnI f ; ; ;
kavi 1) ; 2)
kaScid -, -; , ; n kaScid
kas N. sg. ka
kAka
kAkutstha ( )
kAnana
kAma 1) ; 2)
kAraka 1. , ; 2.
;
kAraNa
kAranA f 1) ; 2)
kAraya (caus. r) ,
kArya (pn. kar) 1) , ; 2) ; 3)

kAla 1) ; 2) ;
kAli-dAsa nom.pr. ( V .)
kAvya 1) ; ; 2)
kAS (A. pr. kSate I, kSyate IV; fut. kASiXte; pf. cakAS; aor.
kASiX[a; pp. kASit) 1) ; 2)
kASI f (.
)
kASI-nagara ,
kiVjalka ,
kiWnara , -

kim 1) ? 2) ? kiWcit -; kim artham ? kiW tu ,
, ;
kirNa
kla adv. 1) , ; 2) , ; 3)
kiSor
kIrt f ,
kuN[hit , ;
ktas 1) ? ? ? 2) ? ? 3) ?
ktra ? ? ?
kup (P. pr. kpyati IV; fut. kopiXyti; pf. cukpa; aor. kupat; pp.
kupit) , (D.)
kumAra-saWbhava m (. )
kuru I m nom. pr. ( ,
) pl. , ,
kuru II 2 sg. imp. kar
kuru-kXetra n (.
)
kla n ,
kula-strI f ()
kSala n 1) ; 2)
kusuma n
kusuma-pura n (. )
k pa 1) ; ; ; 2)
k la n ;
kRta (pp. kar)
kRtajVatA f ,
kRta-SAsana bah. ,

kRtAVjali (kRta-aVjali) bah.
kRtikA f ()
kRXaka ,
kRXant ,
kRX f ;
kRXivala . kRXaka
kRXNa 1. ; ; 2. nom.pr (
, )
kRXNa-pakXa
kRXNAya (den. kRXNa) ,
kevalam adv. 1) , ; 2) , /
kaikeyI f nom.pr ( )
kokanada n .
kokila
ko[ara n
ko[ara-sthita-vahni bah. ,
ko[i f ;
ko[i-sUrya-sama-prabha bah. ,

komala , ;
kolAhala , , ;
kaunteya (. )
kaurava
kauSala n 1) ; 2) ; 3) , ... (L.)
kauSika ( )
kram (U. pr. krmati/kramate I; fut. kramiXyti/kramiXyte; pf.
cakrma/cakram; pp. krAnt) 1) , ; 2) ,
,
krma m 1) ; 2)
krameNa adv. (I. krama)
kriyA-bAhulya n ,
krI] (P. pr. kr]ati I; fut. krI]iXyti; pf. cikr]a; aor. krI]it; pp. krI]it)
,
kruS (P. pr. krSati I; fut. krokXyti; pf. cukrSa; aor. krukXat; pp.
kruX[) ,
krdha ,
kva 1) ? 2) ? 3) ? kvacid... kvacid ...
kXatrya 1) ; 2) ,

kXam (U. pr. kXmati/kXmate I; P. pr. kX myati IV;
 fut. kXamiXyti/ kXamiXyte; pf. cakX ma/cakXam;
aor. kXamat/kXamiX[a; pp. kXAnt, kXamit) 1) ;
2)
kXamA f ;
kXamAvant ;
kXayin ,
kXi (P. pr. kXyati I; kXinoti V; kXinAti IX; fut. kXayiXyti; pf.
cikXAya; aor. kXaiXIt; pp. kXit) 1) , ; 2)
; 3)
kXipr ,
kXipram adv. (. kXipra)
kXIr n
kXut-pipAsat dv. ()
kXudr ,
kXdh f
kXetra n 1) ; 2) ,

kh

kh n ;
khan (U. pr. khnati/khnate I; fut. khaniXyti/khaniXyte;
pf.cakhna/cakhn; pp. khAt) , ,
khan
khanaka
khanana n
khalu adv. , ; ,
khAd (P. pr. kh dati I; fut. khAdiXyti; pf. cakhda; aor. khAdIt;
pp. khAdit) ,
khyA (P. pr. khy ti II; pp. khyAt)

-ga
gagana n ;
gngA f (. , . )
gangAsnAnArtham (gangA-snAna-artham)
gja m
gajAnana (gaja-Anana) bah.

gaN (U. pr. gaNyati/gaNyate X; fut. gaNayiXyti/gaNayiXyte;
pfph. gaNayAM cakra/cakr; aor. jigaNat/jigaNata;
pp. gaNit) , ,
gaNa ; , ; ;
,

gNaka 1) ; 2)
gaNana n
gaNeSa nom. pr. ( , ,
)
gat (pp. gam)
gti f 1) ; ; 2) ,
gadA f ;
gadA-ghAta (ghAta pp. caus. han)
gantu-kAma bah.
gandh ,
gandharv pl. (
)
gandhamAlyAnulepita (gandha-mAli-anulepita) -

gam (P. pr. gcchati I; fut. gamiXyti; pf. jagma; aor. gamat; pp.
gat) 1) , ; 2)
garj (P. pr. grjati I; fut. garjiXyti; pf. jagrja; aor. garjIt) 1) ,
; 2)
garjana n
gala
gah (U. pr. gahyati/gahyate X; pfph. gahayAM cak ra/cakr; aor.
jagahat/jagahata) , ... (.)
gahana , ( )
gA I (A. pr. g te II; fut. gAsyte; pf. jag; aor. gAsta) 1) ; 2)

gA II (P. pr. g yati IV; fut. gAsyti; pf. jagau; aor. gAsIt; pp. gIt)
gAndharv ; (
, )
gAm A. sg. go
-gAminI
gAyaka
gAyikA f
gAh (A. pr. g hate I; fut. gAhiXyte; ghAkXyate; pf. jagAh; aor.
gAhiX[a; pp. gAhit; gA]h) ; ,
gir f 1) ; 2) ; 3)
gir
gIt n 1) ; 2)
guN 1) , ; 2)
guNa-grAhin
guNavant ;

gup (. r. ; fut. gopsyti, gopiXyti; pf. jugpa; aor. gaupsIt; pp.
gupt) 1) , ; 2)
gupt , (pp. gup)
gur 1. ; ; 2. 1) ; ;
3) ; 3)
ghA f 1) , ; 2) ,
gRha n 1) ; ; 2)
gRha-pakti f ;
gai . gA II.
go f
godAvarI f (. )
go-vinda 1) ; 2)
gaur ;
grantha 1) ; 2)
grah (U. pr. gRhN ti/gRhNIt IX; fut. grahiXyti/grahiXyte;pf.
jagr ha/jagrhe; aor. grahIt/grahIX[a; pp. gRhIt)
1) , ; 2) , ; pANiM grah

grha (. )
grahaNa n I) , ; 2) .
gr ma ;
grIXm 1) ; 2) ,
grIXma-kAla ,
glai (P. pr. gl yati I; fut. glasyti; pf. jglau; aor. glAsIt; pp. glAn)
;
 gh

gha[ (. pr. gh[ate I; fut. gha[iXyte; pf. jagha[; aor. ghaghIt; pp.
gha[it) 1) , ; 2)
gha[ana n ,
gharm ;
ghora ,
ghXa ;

ca

; ; ; ; ... ... ; ... ...

cakr , 1) ; 2) ; ; (
)
cakravat adv. ,
cakravAk
cakravAkI f cakravaka, .
cakXus n 1) ; 2)
ca[aka
catur- , -
catuX-XaX[i
catv r f ,
candr
candrmas 1. , ; 2. ,
candrApI]a (candra-ApI]a) nom.pr. , .
( )
capalA f
car (P. pr. crati I; fut. cariXyti; pf. cac ra; aor. cArIt; pp. carit) 1)
, ; 2) ; dharmaM car ,

r 1) , ; 2)
craka
rN 1. 1) ; 2) ; 2. ,
ryA f 1) ; 2) ;
cal (P. pr. clati I; fut. caliXyti; pf. cac la; aor. calIt; pp. calit)
,
caXaka , , ;
citt n 1) ; 2) ,
citr 1) , ; 2) ; 3) ,

cint (U. pr. cintyati/cintyate X; fut. cintayiXyti/cintayiXyte; pfph.
cintayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. cintitat/cintitata; pp. cintit) ,

ciram adv.
cihna n 1) ; 2) ; ) ,
cur (U. pr. coryati/coryate X; fut. corayiXyti/corayiXyte; pfph.
corayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. cUcurat/cUcurata; pp. corit) ,

ur ;

ch

chAtra
chAyA f

-ja , . dvi-ja 1. ; 2. 1) ,
; 2) ; 3)

jgat n 1) ; 2) ,
jagat-kartar , ;
jan (. pr. j yate IV; fut. janiXyte; pf. jajV; aor. janiX[a; pp. jAt)
, ,
jna
janak nom. pr. ( , )
janaka-bhAXita
jnana n 1) , ; 2)
janI f ,
jnman n
jambu n .
jar f ,
jal n
jla-plAvita ; ;
jA f 1) , ; 2) ; 3) ,
jAna-pada ,
j la n 1) , ; 2)
ji (U . jyati/jyate I; fut. jeXyti/jeXyte; pf. jig ya/jigy; aor.
jaiXit/jaiX[a; pp. jit)
jijVAsu
jit (pp. ji)
jitendriya (jito-indriya) bah. ,
;
jIv (P. pr. jvati I; fut. jiviXyti; pf. jijIva; aor. jivIt; pp. jivit)

jvana n ;
jVA (U. pr. jAn ti/jAnIt IX; fut. jVAsyti/jVAsyte; pf. jjVau/jajVe; aor.
jVAsIt/jVAsta; pp. jVAt) 1) ; ; 2)
; 3)
jyX[ha spv. 1) ; 2)
jytis n , ; pl. (, )

[Ik (A. pr. [Ikate I) ( )

]I (A. pr. ]iyte IV, ]yate I; fut. ]ayiXyte; pf. ]i]y; aor.
]ayiX[a; pp. ]In, ]ayit)

t . 1) , , ; 2) , , ; 3) , ,
ta] (U pr. tA]yati/tA]yate X; fut. tA]ayiXyti/tA]ayiXyte; pfph.
tadayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. tIta]at/tIta]ata; pp. tA]it) ,

ttas adv. , , ; ,
tat-kuSala n
tatra adv. 1) ; ; 2) , ; tatra tatra ,
; tatrApi (tatra api)
tathA 1) , ; 2) , ; tathApi (tatha api) ,

tad I. N. A. sg. n ta; tad... anyad ()
tad II 1) ; 2)
tad-anantaram adv. ,
tadA adv. 1) , ; 2) ,
tad-yathA adv. , - ( )
tan (U. pr. tanti/tanut VIII; fut. taniXyti/taniXyte; pf. tatna/ten;
aor. tAnIt/atAnIX[a; pp. tat) 1) , ;

tantrI f
tpas n ; ;
tapo-vana n , (
)
tam A. sg. ta
tar (P. pr. trati I; fut. tariXyti; pf. tatra; aor. tArit; pp. tIrN)
;
tru
truna 1) , ; 2) ( );
3) , ( )
tark (U. pr. tarkyati/tarkyate X; fut. tarkayiXyti/tarkayiXyte; pf.
tarkayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. tatarkat/tatarkata; pp. tarkit) 1)
, ; 2) ; 3) ; 4)
tarj (. r. trjati I; fut. tarjiXyti; pf. tatrja; aor. tarjIt; pp. tarjit)
,
tal n 1) ; 2) ; L. tale - (G.)
tva (G. sg. tvam)
tasthivant
tsmAd bl. sg. m, n ta
tasmin L. sg. m, n ta
tasmai D. sg. m, n ta
tasya G. sg. m, n ta
tasyas G. sg. f ta
tA]aya (caus. tad) ;
tAta m
tAdRSa ,
tAni N. A. pl. n ta
tApa m 1) ; ; 2)
tAm A. sg. f ta
tAr ;
tArA f . tAra
t vat adv. ,
timira n ,
tIra n
tIrtha , 1) ( , );
2) ;3)
tIrtha-kXetra n
tIrtha-SilA f ,
tIvr , ; (. .)
t , , ;
tuN]a n ; ;
tud (U. r. tadti/tudte VI; fut. totsyti/totsyte; pf. tutda/tutud; aor.
tautsat, tutta; pp. tunn) ,
tulya ( ),
tuX (P. pr. tXyati IV; fut. tokXyti; pf. tutXa; aor. tuXat; pp. tuX[)
1) ; 2) - (I.)
tuX[A , (pp. f tus)
tuX[i f ;
tUXNm adv. 1) ; 2) ,
tNa n
tRXNA f
te G., D. sg. tvam
tejasvn
tejasvinI f ,
tna I. sg. , ta
tXAm G. pl. , ta
toya-nidhi ; ; ,
()
tolana n
tu N. A. du m, f ta
tyaj (P. pr. tyjati I; fut. tyakXyti; pf. tatyja; aor. tyAkXIt; pp. tyakt)
,
tray n ;
tri , pl. ;
tri-div n . ,
tri-loka , pl. . (, )
tri-vidha ;
tvm
tvar (U. pr. tvrati/tvrate I; . pf. tatvar; aor. tvariX[a;
pp. tvarit; turN) ,
tvaritam adv. ;
tvA A. sg. tvam.

da

-da
dkXa 1) ; 2) ; )
dakXiN 1. 1) ; 2) 2. , 1) ; 2)
daksina-diSA f ,
dnta
dma m, n ,
damayanti f nom. pr. ( a)
day f ; ; dayaM kar - (L.)
dar (. pr. p. driyte; pf. dadre; aor. adRthAs; pp. dRta) 1)
; 2) ;
dridra ,
darS (P. pr. pSyati IV; fut. drakXyti; pf. dadrSa; aor. darSat,
adrAkXIt; pp. dRX[) 1) , ; 2) ;
darSana n 1) ; ; 2) ,
darSaya (caus. darS) , , . ()

daSan
daSa-ratha I. bah. ;
2. nom. pr. ( )
daSarathAtmaja (daSaratha-Atmaja)
dah (P. pr. dhati I; fut. dakXyti; pf. dadha; aor. dhAkXit; pp.
dagdh) 1) ; 2)
dA (U. pr. ddAti/datt III; fut. dAsyti/dAsyte; pf. ddau/dad; aor.
dAt/dita; pp. datt) ;
d tar m , ; ;
dAn n 1) , ; 2)
dAna-pati , , ,

dAsI f 1) ; 2)
dna n
div (P. pr. dvyati IV; fut. deviXyti; pf. didva; aor. devIt; pp. dyUt;
dyUn) 1) ; 2) ,
dvasa 1) ; 2)
divA adv.
divy ; ; ; ;
divyASramapada (divya-ASrama-pada) n ,

diS I (U. pr. diSti/diSte VI; fut. dekXyti/dekXyte; pf. didSa/didiS;
aor. dikXat/ dikXata; pp. diX[) 1) ; 2) ;
)
diS II f 1) ; 2)
diSA f . diS II
dIrgh 1) , ; 2) ( )
dIryant ,
duHkh n , ;
durAtman 1) ; 2) ; 3) ,
durgA f nom. pr. ( )
durjana ;
duryodhana . r. ( ,
)
duhitr f
dUta ,
dRSad f
dRX[a , (pp. darS)
dRX[a-vIrya bah. , .
dev , ; -deva bah. -,
-
deva-kanyA f ,

devtA f
devatAtman (devatA-Atman) bah. ,

deva-rXi
devI f
deS 1) , ; 2) , ; 3)
daiva 1. ; 2. 1) ; 2) , ,

doXa , 1) ; 2) ,
dv ,
dv r f ;
dv ra . dvar
dvi-jati 1. ; 2. ,

dvitya

dh

dhana 1. , ; ,
2. 1) , , ; 2) , ;
4)
dhanavant
dhanu ()
dhanus 1) . dhanu; 2) ,
dhnya 1) ; , ; 2) ,

dhanv (U. . dhnvati/dhnvate I; pf. dadhanv; aor. dhanviXur)
; 2) ; 3)
dhar (U. pr. dhrati/dhrate I; fut. dhariXyti/dhariXyte;
pf. dadh ra/dadhr; pp. dhRt) ; ;
dhrma 1) , ; 2) , ; ; 3)
; 4) ,
dharma-kXetra . ( -
,
)
dharma-rAja ,
dharmAtman (dharma-Atman) bah. ,

dhA (U. pr. dadh ti / dhatt III; fut. dhAsyti/dhAsyte; pf. dadhu
/dadh; aor. dhAt / dhita; pp. hit) ; ,
dhArtaraX[ra 1. ; 2.
()
dhArmika 1) ; 2)
dhAv (U. . dh vati/dh vate I; fut. dhAviXyati/dhAviXyate; pf.
dadh va/dadhav; aor. dhAvIt/dhaviX[a; pp. dhAvit, dhaut)

dhAvant
dhImant ; ;
dh rta 1. ; 2. ; ,
dhRtaraX[ra nm. r. ( ,
)
dhenu f
dhairya n ;
dhvaWs (. r. dhvWsate I; fut. dhaWsiXyte; pf. dadhvaWs;
pp. dhvast) ;

n , ; naiva (na eva)

naktam adv.
nakXatra n ; ;
nakh , ,
nga m 1) ; 2)
ngara n
nagarI f . nagara
nagAdhirAja (naga-adhirAja) ( )
na[ (. r. n[ati I; fut. na[iXyti; pf. nanta; aor. na[It;
pp. na[it) , ( )
na[a ;
na[aka . na[a
na[ana n 1) ; 2)
na[I f
nad f
nand (. r. nndati I; fut. nandiXyti; pf. nannda; aor. nandIt;
pp. nandita)
nabha . nabhas
nbhas n ;
nam (P. pr. nmati I; fut. naWsyti; pf. nan ma; aor. naWsIt; pp. nat)
1) ; 2) , ; 3) ,

namya (caus. nam)
nmas n 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; D. + namas ,
-
namyamAna
nr 1) ; ; 2)
naraka , ,
nara-SreX[ha ;
nart (P.pr. nRtyati - IV, p.p. nRtta) - ,
nala m nom. r. ( )
nva I. 1) ; 2)
nva II
naS (P. pr. nSyati IV; fut. naSiXyti; pf. nanSa; aor. naSat; pp. naX[a)

nasA f
nA[aka m ,
nAna adv. 1) ; 2)
nAman n ; A. nAma adv. -
nAr 1) ; 2)
nArada nom. pr. ( ,
)
ArI f 1) ; 2)
nAS 1) ; ; 2)
nASana n ;
nikXipta ;
nityam adv. ,
nidr f
nipat ( . pat) 1) (.); 2) , ;
3) ,
niptur pf. nipat
nibandh ( . bandh) ;
nibudh ( . budh) ,
niyama 1) ; 2) ,
nirantaram adv. 1) , ; 2) ,
nirAmaya 1) ; 2)
nirIkX ( . IkX) ;
niruja
nirgam ( . gam) 1) ; 2) ,
nirgA ( . gA I) ; (.)
nirghAta 1) , ; 2) ,
nirghAta-sama-niHsvana ,
nirdiS ( . diS) ,
nirdiX[a (pp. nir-diS) ;
nirmala ,
nirvighna ,
nirvighnam adv.
nirvighnatA f 1) ; 2) ,
nivar ( . var) 1) ; 2) (),
3) (); 4)
nivart ( . vart) ,
nivas ( . vas) ,
niviS ( . viS) ,
niSA f
niScaya 1) ; 2) ; niScayaW kar

niXanna (pp. nisad)
niHsad ( . sad) ,
niHsvana
nI (U. pr. nyati/nyate I; fut. neXyti/neXyte; pf. nin ya/niny; aor.
naiXIt/neX[a; pp. nIt) 1) ; 2) ,
nI 1. ; ; 2. ,
nla ; ;
nIlotpala (nIla-utpala) n
n adv. ,
nR , .
nRpti , .
nRpatva n ; ;
netra n
naiva (na eva)

pa

- I
- II
pakv 1) ( ); 2)
pakX 1) ; 2) ; 3)
pakXi-gaNa
pakXn
pnka ;
panka-ja n 1) ; 2) (.
)
pankila ; , - (I.)
paVcatva n 1) (, , , ,
); 2) , ; ; paVcatvam upagam
,
pVcan
paVcASt
paVca-saptati
pa[IyaWs cpv.
pa[u ,
pa[h (. r. pa[hati I; fut. pa[hiXyti; pf. pap [ha; aor. pa[hIt; pp.
pa[hit) 1) ; 2) , ; -
(.)
paN]it ( )
paNyAjira n ,
pat (. r. ptati I; fut. patiXyti; pf. pap ta; aor. papat; pp. patit) 1)
, ; 2) , ; 3) ,
(, )
pata-ga
ptana n 1) (); 2)
pti 1) , ; 2) ; 3) ,
pati-mantrin ,
ptnI f ; ,
patr ;
patra-puXpa n pl. dv.
pth path
pathi ,
pathika ;
pathya ;
pad 1) ; 2)
pad , 1) . pad; 2) ; 3)
padma , ;
pyas n 1) ; 2)
par (P. pr. pparti III; pRNAti IX; fut. pariXyti; pf. papAra;
aor. pArXIt; caus. pUrayati; pp. pUrN, pUrt) ;
(); caus. ( ),
()
pra 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) , 5)

param adv. ;
para-bhUmi f (, , )
param (spv. para) 1. , ; 2. adv. ,

parama-dhArmika
parama-bhAsvar ,
parameSvara (parama-iSvara) ( )
paravant - (I., G.),
parasparam adv. ,
prA adv.
parAkrama ,
parAga ()
parArdha (para-ardha)
parAvara (para-avara) dv. , ,
pari- 1) , ; 2) , ; 3)
paritarj ( . tarj) ,
paribhram , , ,
parimit ,
parimitAhAra (parimita-AhAra) bah. ,

parivardh ( . vardh) ;
parivardhaya caus. parivardh
parivAra ;
parisara 1) ; 2)
parisru ( . sru) ,
parjanya
prvata
palAy (. pr. plAyate I; fut. palayiXyte; pfph. palAyAM cakr; aor.
palAyiX[a; pp. palAyit) 1) , ; 2)
paSu ;
paScAd adv. ,
paScima 1) ; 2) ; 3)
paccima-diSA f 1) , ; 2)
pSya 2 sg. imp. darS
pA (P. pr. pbati I; fut. pAsyti; pf. papu; aor. pAt; pp. pit)
pAN
pANini nom. pr. (
IVIII . ..)
pAN]ava pl. ( yudhiX[hira,
bhimasena, arjuna, nakula, sahadeva
)
pAtratA f 1) ; 2)
pAtratva n . pAtratA
p da m 1) ; 2) ()
pAda-pa 1) ; 2) (, )
pAdAbhivAdana (pAda-abhivAdana) n , .

pAdu m du.
pAp n 1) ; 2) ; 3)
pArtha ( )
pArthiva ,
pArvatI f nom. pr. (, )
pAl (U. pr. pAlyati/pAlyate X; pfph. pAlayAM cak ra/cakr; aor.
pIpalat/pIpalata; pp. pAlit) 1) , ; 2)

pASupAlya n
pitr ; du. ; pl.
pitrau du.
pitA-mah m 1) ( ); 2)
pitR- pitar
pipAs f
puWgava 1) ; 2)
puN]rIka n ( )
pNya ,
puNya-kXetra n
puNya-salila bah.
putr ;
putraka
putr f ,
pnar adv. ,
pur f ,
r n . pur
puratas adv. ; -purataH kar , ;

purstAt adv. 1) , ; 2) - (G.)
pur adv. , -
purANa 1. , ; 2. (.
. )
pruXa ;
puruXa-kAra ;
puruXa-vyAghra -
pur-hita 1. ; 2. ,
pXpa n
puXpa-phala n dv.
puXpita
pustaka , ;
pUj (U. pr. pUjyati/pUjyate X; fut. pUjayiXyti/pUjayiXyte; pfph.
pUjayAW cakra/cakr; aor. pUpujat/pUpujata; pp. pUjit) ,
;
pUjit (pp. pUj)
pUjArgha (pUjA-argha) ;
pUraNa n ()
pUraya caus par.
pUritum (inf. caus. par) ( )
pUrN ,
pUrNimA f
pUrva 1) , ; 2)
pUrva-diSA f 1) , ; 2)
pUrvApara (pUrva-r) dv. 1) ;
2) ; 3)
pUrvArdha (pUrva-ardha) , 1) ; 2)

pRthivI f
pautra 1. ; 2.
ur 1. ; 2.
paura-jAnapada-priya
prakAS ( . kAS) ,
prakAS ,
prakRti f ,
prakRti-siddha n
pracaN]a 1) ; 2)
pracchanna-gupt ;
pracch (P. pr. pRcchti VI; fut. prakXyti; pf. paprccha; aor. prAkXIt;
pp. pRX[) 1) - (.) - (.); 2)
, - (.)
prajan ( . jan) , ;
praj f 1) , ; 2) ,
pratApavant 1) ; 2) ,
pratigrah ( . grab) ,
pratijVA I ( . jVA) ,
pratijVA II f 1) ; 2)
pratidinam adv. ,
pratibimba , ( , )
pratiX[hA ( . sthA) 1) ; ; 2)
pratyaham adv. ,
pratyAgam ( . gam) , (bl.), , (.)
pratyASvasta (pp. prati-A-Svas)
pratyudgam (prati-ud-gam) ( . gam)
,
pratham
prathita ,
pradA ( . dA)
pradAna n
prapUraNa n ()
prabudh ( . budh)
prabhA f
prabhAta n
prabhu , ,
prabhU ( . bhU)
prabhUta (pp. prabhU) 1) ; 2) ;
3)
prabhUta-varXaNa n ,
-prabhRti adv. ...
pramad ( . mad) , -
(bl.); ,
pramANa n 1) ; 2) ,
prayam ( . yam) ; ; ()
prayatnena adv. , -
prayAga (. , . )
prayojana n , - (I.); kim prayojanam
... ( I.)
-pravara , ( , bl.)
pravart ( . vart) 1) ; 2) ,

pravartaya (caus. pravart) ,
pravah ( . vah) 1) ; 2) , ()
praviS ( . viS) 1) , ();
(.); 2) ( )
praSaWs ( . SaWs) ,
praSrita ,
prahar ( . har) ,
prAVjali
prANa 1) ; 2) ; 3) pl.
prAtr adv. ,
prAdhAnyena adv. ,
prAp ( . A) 1) , - (.);
2)
prApta (pp. prAp) ; ,
prArth ( . arth) - (.)
priya 1. , ; 2. ;
prIti f ; ; ;
preX ( . iX) ; ,
preXaya caus. preX
plu (. pr. plvate I; fut. ploXyte; pf. pupluv; aor. ploX[a;
pp. plut) ,

ph

phla n

ba[u
bat ij. ox! ax! !
bandh (U. pr. badhn ti/badhnIt IX; fut. bandhiXyti/bandhiXyte; pf.
babndha/bedh; pp. baddh) 1) , ; 2)

bandhu-jana ; ;
bla n 1) ; 2) ; 3)
blavant ,
balAka
baln 1. ; ; 2.
baliyaWs cvp. balin 1.
bahs 1) , (bl.); 2) ,
bah 1. ; ; 2. adv. 1) ; 2) ;
3)
bahu-bhUmika
bahu-mata ,
bA]ham adv. ;
bAla
bAlikA f
bAXpa
bAh
bimba , ;
bila n
bIja n ,
buddhi f 1) , ; 2) ,
buddhimant ,
budh (U. pr. bdhati/bdhate I; fut. bodhiXyti/bodhiXyte; pf.
bubdha/bubudh; aor. buddha/bodhi; pp. buddh) 1) ,
; 2) , ; 3)
budha
brahma-cArin ;

brahmaNy 1) ; 2) ,
brahman 1. n 1) ; 2) ; 3) ,
2. 1) -,

brAhmaN 1. 1) ( , (),
); 2) ()
2. n pl. , (.
,
)
brU (U. pr. brvIti/brut II; fut. vakXyti/vakXyte; pf. uv ca/U;
aor. vocat/vocata; pp. ukt)
 bh

bhakt , (pp. bhaj)

bhakt f 1) , ; 2) ; 3) ,
; 4) ()
bhakX (U r. bhakXyati/bhakXyate X; fut. bhakXayiXyti/bhak-
XayiXyte; pfph. bhakXayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. bhakXata; pp.
bhakXit) , ,
bhga ,
bhagavad-gItA f (. -
, VI )
bhagavan (V. sg. bhagavant) , !
bhagavant 1. , ; 2. ;
bhagnASa (bhagna-ASas) bah. , ,

bhaj (U. pr. bhjati/bhjate I; fut. bhakXyti/bhakXyte;
pf. babh ja/bhej; pp. bhakt) ,
bhaVj (P. pr. bhankti VII; fut. bhakXyti; pf. babhVja;
aor. bhanksIt; pp. bhagn) 1) ; 2) ,
bhadr n , ; bhadraW te ()
bhay 1) ; ; 2)
bhar (U. . bibhrti/bibhRt III; bhrati/bhrate I; fut.
bhriXyti/bhriXyte; pf. babhAra/babhr; aor. bharXIt/bhRta) ;
2) ,
bharat nom. pr. ( 1) , ;
2) )
bhartr
bhartrhari nom. . (
VII .)
bhva I 2. sg. imp. P. bhu
bhava II 1) ; ; 2) ,
bhavad-Agamana n ,
bhavana n , ;
bhavant I ;
bhavant II ,
bhvya n 1) , ; ; 2) ,
(n. bhU)
bhAg ;
bhAgirathI f ( , -
)
bhArata-varXa , ,
bhAryA f ,
bhAX (. pr. bhAXate I; fut. bhAXiXyte; pf. babhAX; aor. bhAXiX[a;
pp. bhAXit)
bhAXA f ;
bhikX f ,
bhinna-gha[a ,
bhIma nom.pr. ( )
bhIma-sena nom. r. ( ,
)
bhuj (P. pr. bhojati I; U. pr. bhunAkti/ bhukt VII; fut.
bhokXyti/ bhokXyte; pf. bubja/bubhuj; aor. bhaukXIt/bhukta;
pp. bhukt) ,
bhU I (P., ., pr. bhvati/bhvate I; fut. bhaviXyti/bhaviXyte;
pf. babh va/babhUv; aor. bhUt; pp. bhUt) , -
(-) (.); . ,
bh II f ,
bhUta (pp. bhU) 1. 1) , ; 2) ,
; 2. , ;
bhU-pa
bhmi f 1) ; 2) ; 3)
bhUmi-kampa
bhUXana n
bho ij. ! (m)!
bhog 1) ; 2) ; 3)
bhoga-karin 1) ; 2)

bhjana n ,
bhaum
bhram (P. pr. bhrmati I; pr. bhrmyati IV; fut. bhramiXyti;
pf. babhr ma; aor. bhramit; pp. bhrAnt) ;
bhr tar
bhrAnti f 1) , ; 2) ,
bhrU f
 m

mkXikA f
manjUXA f ; , ;
maN 1) , ; 2)
maN]apa ; ; ,
.
mata n
mtsya
mad I (P. pr. mdyati IV; fut. madiXyti; pf. mam da; aor. mIdIt;
pp. matt) 1) ; 2) ; ) ( )
mad II (. pr. mAdyate X; fut. madayiXyte; aor. mImadata;
pp. mAdit) 1) ; 2)
madra 1) . - ; 2) pl. .

mdhu 1. 1) ; 2) ; 2. 1) ; 2)
madhu-kara (. )
madhura . madhu 1.
madhu-lih f (. )
mdhya 1. ; 2.
madhya-bhAga
madhyAhna (madhya-ahna)
man (. pr. mnate I; mnyate IV; manut VIII;
fut. mansyte; maniXyte; pf. men; aor. maWsta; maniX[a; mata;
pp. mat) 1) ; 2) ,
mnas 1) ; 2) ,
mnuXya
mano-ratha ; (. )
mantra , 1) pl. (.
); 2) ; 3) ;
mantrn ,
mandam adv.
mandira ,
mma G. sg. aham
may ra
mar (. pr. mriyte VI; fut. mariXyte; pf. mamr; aor. mRta;
pp. mRt) ,
maraNa
marut 1) ; 2) nom. pr. ( ); 3) pl.
,
mahatI f mahant
mahnt 1) ; 2) ; 3)
mahA- . mahant
mahA-kathA f
mahA-kAya bah. , ,
mahA-tejas bah. 1) ; 2)
mahAtman (mahA-Atman) bah. ;
mahA-pratApin
mahA-bhAga bah. ,
mahA-bhAgya ;
mahA-bhArata 1) ;
2) (. ,
)
mahA-muni
mahA-yaSas bah. , ,

mahA-vidyAlaya (vidya-Alaya) m,
mah-vIrya bah. ,

mahimn ;
mhiXa ;
mahisI f 1) ; 2) ,
mah f 1) ; 2)
mahI-tala ;
mahoraga (mahA-uraga) m l) ; 2)
mA I (P. pr. mti II; . pr. mimIte III; m yate IV;
fut. mAsyti/mAsyte; pf. mmau/mam, maire; aor. mAsIt;
pp. mit) ,
mA II ( )
mAtr f
mAtula ,
mAtR- mAtar
mAdhurya n 1) ; 2) ,
mna n (. )
mAna-daN]a () ,
mAnuXa ;
mAm A. sg. aham
mAmak
mArkaN]eya nom. pr. (, )
mArga ,
mAlA f ,
mAlya n
mit , (pp. mA I)
mita-bhojana bah. ,
mitr 1) ; 2) . r. ( )
mitravat adv. -,
mithilA f (. )
mithilA-purI f
mil (U. pr. milti/milte VI; fut. meliXyti/meliXyte;
pf. mimla/mimil; aor. melIt/melX[a; pp. milit) ,
,
mukulita , ( )
mkha n 1) ; 2)
muc (U. pr. muVcti/muVcte VI; fut. mokXyti/mokXyte;
pf. mum/mumuc; aor. mucat/mukta; pp. mukt)

mni ; ;
muni-puWgava ; (.
)
muh (P. pr. mhyati IV; fut. mohiXyti; mokXyti; pf. mumha;
aor. muhat; pp. mugdh; mU]h) 1) ;
2)
mUrkha
mUrtirnant ,
mla n 1) ; 2)
mXika
mRg 1) ; 2) ,
mRt ; (pp. mar)
me D. G. aham
megh ;
meghAcchanna (megha-Acchanna) ,
maithila ()
mha ;
mohit (pp. muh)
maurvI f
mauli
mnA (P. pr. mnati I; fut. mnAXyti; pf. mamu; aor. mnaXIt; pp.
mnat) ; ,

ya
yakX 1. n , ; 2. (.
,
)
yaj (U. pr. yjati/yjate I; fut. yakXyti/yakXyte; pf. iy ja / Ij;
aor. yAkXIt/yaX[a; pp. iX[) ; ;

yajur-veda (. )
yjus n ;
yajVa
yajVa-rakXa n ,
yajVoparAntam (yajVa-uparAntam) adv.
yjvan ;
yat conj.
yatnavant ,
ytra relat. 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; -yatra kutrapi , ;
-yatra... tatra ...
ythA adv. 1) , ; 2) (opt., ind., imp.); yathA...
evam ... ...; -yathA... tathA (opt.) ...
yad 1. N. A. sg. n ya; 2. 1) , ; 2)
yadA conj. ; -yadA... tadA ...
ydi conj. ; -yadi... tadA ... ; -yadyapi
yam (P. pr. ychati I; fut. yaWsyti; pf. yayma; aor. yamXIt;
pp. yat) 1) , ; 2)
yam nom. pr. ( )
yamunA f ( , . )
ySas n 1) , ; 2) ;
ySasvant ; ;
yaSaH-sukha-karin
yA I (P. pr. y ti II; fut. yAsyti; pf. yayu; aor. yAsIt; pp. yAt)

yA II N. sg. f ya
yukt , (pp. yuj)
yuj (U. pr. yunkti/yukte VII; fut. yokXyti/yokXyte;
pf. yuyja/yuyuj; aor. yaukXIt/yukta; pp. yukt) 1) ,
; 2) , ; 3) ,
yuddha n 1) , ; 2)
yudh f 1) ; 2)
yudhi-X[hira nom. pr. (, ,
)
yuXmad Abl. pl. tvam
yUyam N. pl. tvam
yogya ,
yauvana n ,
yauvana-sthA ,

- ;
rakt
rakta-vAsas bah. ()
rakX (P. pr. rkXati I; fut. rakXiXyti; pf. rar kXa; aor. rakXIt;
pp. rakXit) 1) ; 2)
rakXitr
ragh nom. pr. ( , ,
)
raghu-nandana ( )
r (U. pr. racyati/racyate X; fut. racayiXyti/racayiXyte; pfph.
racayAM cak ra/cakr; aor. raracat/raracata; pp. racit)
1) , ; 2) ; 3) ( ,
)
racita , (pp. r)
rjas n
rat , - (L.) (pp. ram)
rath ,
rathyA f
rndhra , ;
rabh (. pr. rbhate I; fut. rapsyte; pf. rabh; aor. rabdha;
pp. rabdh) 1) (); 2)
ram (. pr. rmate I; fut. raWsyte; pf. rem; aor. raWsIt; pp. rat)
1) ; 2) ; )
ravi
rasa 1) ; 2) ; ; 3) ,
; 4)
rakXasa , ( )
rAghava ( )
rAja-kanyA f ,
rAja-kumara ,
rjan 1) , ; 2) ,
rAja-sattama
rAjA N. sg. rAjan
rAjIva n ()
r tri f
rAddh pp. rAdh
rAdh (. pr. r dhyate IV; fut. rAtsyti; pf. rar dha; aor. rAtsIt;
pp. rAddh) 1) ; 2) ; 3)
rAma nom. pr. ( )
rAmAyaNa (rAma-ayaNa) n (.
)
rAvaNa m nom. pr. (, (),
)
rAvaNAdi (rAvaNa-Adi) ;
rikth n 1) , ; 2)
ruc (. pr. rcate I; fut. rociXyte; pf. ruruc; aor. rucat;
pp. rucit) 1) ; 2)
ruci-kara ,
rucira ,
ruj f ,
rujA f . ruj
rud (P. pr. rditi II; pf. rurda; aor. rudat, rodIt; pp. rudit)
1) ; ; 2)
rudr nom. pr. ( ,
; )
rudra-dhanus n ;
rudh (U. pr. runddhi/rundh VII; fut. rotsyti/rotsyte;
pf. rurdha/rurudh; aor. rudhat, raukXIt/ruddha; pp. ruddh)
1) ; ; 2)
rup (P. pr. rpyati IV; fut. ropiXyti; pf. rurpa)
ruh (P. pr. rhati I; fut. rokXyti; pf. rurha; aor. rukXat;
pp. rU]h) 1) ; 2)
rUp n 1) , , ; 2) ; 3)
rUpin 1) , , ; 2)
rga 1) ; 2)
rogArta (roga-arta) ,

lakX (. pr. lkXate I; pf. lalakX; aor. lakXiX[a; pp. lakXit)

1) , ; 2) ; 3)
lakXmI f nom. pr. ( )
lagh ,
labh (. pr. lbhate I; fut. lapsyte; pf. labh; aor. lalambhata;
pp. labdh) 1) , ; 2) - (.)
lamb (. pr. lmbate I; pf. lalamb; aor. lambiX[a; pp. lambit)
,
lambhaya (caus. labh) -, - (.)
lal (P. pr. llati I; fut. laliXyti; pf. lalAla; aor. lalIt; pp. lalit)

las (P. pr. lsati I; pf. lalsa; aor. lasIt; pp. lasit) 1) ;
2)
l ngala n
likh (P. pr. likhti VI; fut. lekhiXyti; pf. lilkha; aor. lekhit;
pp. likhit) 1) ; 2) ; )
likhit (pp. likh)
lip (U. pr. liWpti/liWpte VI; fut. lepsyti/lepsyte; pf. lilpa/lilip;
aor. lipat/lipta; pp. lipt) 1) , ; 2) ,
; 3)
lih (U. l]hi/lIdh II; fut. lekXyti/lekXyte; pf. lilha/lilih; aor.
likXat/likXata; pp. lIdh) ,
lIlayA adv. (I. om lIlA) ,
lIlA f ;
lekhaka
lok ;
lobha 1) , ; 2) ; 3)
- (G., L.)
 v

vaWSa 1) ; ; 2)
vakra
vakra-tuN]a bah. ;
vac (P. pr. vkti II; vcati I; fut. vakXyti; pf. uvca;
aor. vocat; pp. ukt)
vacan n ;
vcas n . vacana
vjra ,
va[a-vRkXa
vats , ; V. ,
vad (P. pr. vdati I; fut. vadiXyti; pf. uv da; aor. vadit; pp. udit)
1) ; 2)
vadant
vadhU f 1) ; 2) ,
vna n
vanoddeSa (vana-uddeSa)
vand (. pr. vndate I; pf. vavand; aor. vandiX[a; pp. vandit)
,
vap (U. pr. vpati/vpate I; pf. uv pa/up; aor. vApsIt/vapta;
pp. upt)
vaym N. pl. aham
vyas n
var I (U. pr. vRNti/ vRNut V; vRN ti/vRNit IX; varyati/varyate
X; fut. variXyti/variXyte; pf. vavra/vavr;
aor. vArIt/variX[a; pp. vRt) 1) , ;
2) -, -
var II (U. pr. vRNti/vRNIt IX; vrati/vrate I;
fut. variXyti/variXyte; pf. vav ra/vavr; aor. vArIt/variX[a)
1) ; 2) , ; 3) (. )
var 1. , , ; 2. , ;
vara-d ,
varaya (caus. var I) ,
varj (P. pr. vrjati - I; vRNkti VII; fut. varkXyti; varjiXyti; pf. vav rja;
aor. varjIt; pp. vRkt) , ; ger. varjayitvA
, (+ .)
varNa m 1) , ; 2) , ( ,
.
.
)
vart (. pr. vrtate I; fut. vartsyte; vartiXyte; pf. vav rta; aor. vart;
pp. vRtt) 1) ; 2) ,
vartula 1. ; 2.
vardh (U. pr. vrdhati/vrdhate I; fut. vartsyti/vardhiXyte;
pf. vavrdha/vavRdh; aor. vRdhat/vardhiX[a; pp. vRddh) ,

varX (U. pr. vrXati/vrXate I; pf. vavrXa/vavrX; aor. varXIt/varXiX[a;
pp. vRXt) 1) , ;
2) ( )
varX m 1) , pl. ; 2)
varXana n
varXA f . varXa 1)
varXA-kAla ,
vSa 1) ; 2) ; 3) -vaSa
-, -
vas I (U. pr. vsati/vsate I; fut. vatsyti/vatsyte; pf. uv sa/UXs;
aor. vIvasat, vAtsIt; pp. uXit) , ; caus. vAsyate
vAsyte , ,
vas II A. D., G. pl. tvam
vasat f ;
vasant
vsu n ; ;
vstra n ,
vastra-pUta , . .
vah (U pr. vhati/vhate I; fut. vakXyti/vakXyte; pf. uv ha/Uh;
aor. vakXIt/vo[ha; pp. uth) 1) ; 2) ();
2) ( )
vhni ;
vA 1 vA... vA ...
vA II (P. pr. vAti II; fut. vAsyti; pf. vavu; aor. vAsIt; pp. vAt)
1) , ; 2) ; 3)
vAk- . vAc
vAk-pa[utA f
vAkya n 1) , ; 2) .
vAkya-jVa 1. , ; 2.
vAc f 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5)
vAcya (pn. vac) 1. ; 2. ,
vANijya n
v ta 1) ; 2)
vAda ;
vAy 1) ; 2)
vAra 1) ; 2) ,
vArANasI f () .

vAri n
vArtA f ;
vAsudev
vAsyte . vas I.
vikasit , ( )
vikram ; ;
vigata-sAdhvasa bah. (. )
vighna 1) , ; 2)
vijVA ( . jVA) , , ,
( ),
vijVApita ,
vid I (P. pr. vtti; vidnti II; fut. vediXyti; pf. vivda; vidAM cak ra;
aor. vedita; pp. vidit) 1) , ; 2) ,
vid II (U. pr. vindti/vindte VI; fut. vetsyti/vetsyte;
pf. vivda/vivid; aor. vidat/vitta; pp. vinn) 1) ,
; 2) ; 3)
videSa ,
videSa-gamana n ;
videh . ; pl. .
vidy f 1) ; 2) , ; 3)
vidyArambhakAla (vidyA-Arambha-kAla)
vidyAlaya (vidyA-Alaya)
vidyA-vihIna
vidyt 1. ; 2. ,
vidvaWs 1. ; 2)
vidvattva n ,
vidv n N. sg. vidvaWs
vidhi m 1) , ; 2) ,
vidhinA adv. ,
vinay 1) , ; 2) ,
vnA , ( I.)
vinAyaka
vinoda ; ;
vipad f , ,
viyt n ;
virAcita ,
vilas ( . las) ,
vilamb ( . lamb)
vivardh ( . vardh)
vivAh 1) ; 2) ,
viS I (U. pr. viSti/viSte VI; pf. vivSa/viviS; aor. vikXat/vikXata;
pp. viX[a) 1) , ; 2) (.)
viS II f
viSala ,
viSuddhi f ,
viSeXatas adv.
viSruta , . . ,
viSva-nAtha ( )
viSvA-mitra m nom. pr. ( ,
, )
viXaya , ( )
-viXayaka ..., ...;
-(-)
viXNu m nom. pr. (
, )
viXNu-pada n 1) ; 2) ; 3)
visphur ( . sphur) ;
vistareNa adv. ,
vIr 1) ; 2)
vIrasena m nom. pr. ( , )
vIrasena-suta ( )
vIrya , ;
vIrya-SulkA bah. ,
. ( )
vRkX
vRtt n ; ;
vRddhi f 1) , ; vRddhi kar , ;
2) . ,
vRddhimant ;
vRX[ f ;
vda 1) ; 2) ; 3) pl. (.
: ,
(), (),
() , ,
. ()
vepan n ()
vlA f ,
velAtikrama (velA-atikrama)
vaikalpika ;
vai , , ;
vaSya , () (
)
vyasana n 1) , ; 2) ;
vyAghr
vyAdiS ( . diS) ; (.),

vyAdhita 1) ; 2)
vyApad ( . pad) ; caus. ,
vyAlI f ;
vyAyata ,
vyAhar ( . har) 1) ; 2) ,
( )
vraNa 1) ; 2)

SaWs (P. pr. SWsati I; pf. SaSWsa; aor. SaWsIt; pp. Sast)
1) ; 2) ,
Sak (P. pr. Saknti V; pf. SaS ka; aor. Sakat; pp. Sakt) ;
- (L.)
SakuntalA f nom. pr. ( ,
)
Sakyam adv.
Sat n, ; ; -SatAni N. A. pl. ,
Satatama
Stru , ;
Sani
Sabda 1) ; ; 2) ,
Sr
SaraN n ,
SaraNya , ,

Sarad f
SrIra , ;
SS
SS ,
Sastra 1) ; ; 2) ; 3)
SAkhA f 1) ; 2) ; 3) ()
SAnti f ; ;
SAlva pl.
SAs (P. pr. S sti II; pf. SaS sa; aor. SiXat)
SAstra n 1) ; 2) , ; 3) , ;
4) ; 5) , (
)
SikX (. pr. SikXate I; fut. SikXiXyte; pf. SiSikXe; aor. aSikXiX[a;
pp. SikXit) -,
SikXaka ,
Sikhara 1. ; 2. , 1) , ; 2) ()
Sighram adv. ,
Siras n 1) ; 2)
SilAmaya
Siv m nom. pr. (
, )
SiSira 1) ; ; 2) ,
SiXya
SI (. pr. Set II; pf. SiSy; aor. SayiX[a; pp. Sayit) 1) ,
; 2) ; 3)
SIt 1. , ; 2.
SItala . SIta 1.
SIrXa n
SIla n 1) , , ; 2) ,
Sukr 1. , ; 2.
Sukla-pakXa (
)
SuN]A f ()
Suddh 1) ; 2) ; 3) (pp. Sudh)
Sudh (U. pr. Sdhati/Sdhate I; Sdhyati/Sdhyate IV;
pf. SuSdha; aor. Sudhat; pp. Suddh) 1) ();
2) () , .
Subh (. pr. Sbhate I; fut. SobhiXyte; pf. SuSubh; aor. SobhiX[a;
pp. Sobhit, Subhit) , ;
Subha 1. , , ; 2. 1) ;
2)
Sulk , 1) , ; 2) ( ); 3) ,
SUdr , () (
)
SUr 1. , ; 2. 1) ; 2)
SRgAla
Saiva () ; ()
Ska ,
Sodhayat ;
Sobhan 1. 1) ; 2) , ; 2. I) ;
2)
SobhA f 1) , ; 2)
SyAmikA f 1) ; 2) ; 3)
Sram (P. pr. Sr myati IV; fut. SramiXyti; pf. SaSr ma; aor. Sramat;
pp. SrAnt) 1) ; 2) ()
Srma 1) ; 2)
Sri (U. pr. Sryati/Sryate I; pf. SiSr ya/SiSriy;
aor. SiSriyat/SiSriyata; pp. Srit) 1) ; 2)
-(-)
Srit (pp. Sri)
SrI I. , ; 2. f 1) ; 2) nom. pr.
( )
SrI II , , (
, , )
SrI-nagara .
SrImant 1) ; 2) , ; 3) ,
; SrImat- ,
Sru (U. pr. SRNti/SRNte V; fut. SroXyti/SroXyte;
pf. SuSr va/SuSruv; aor. SrauXIt; pp. Srut) 1) , ;
3) , ( )
Sruti f 1) ; ; 2) (.
)
SrX[ha (spv. SrI) 1) , ,
SroNi f
Srtra n 1) ; 2)
Sloka 1) ; 2) ; , (
, 16- ,
, )
SvSura
SvaSr f
Svas I (P. pr. Svsiti II; pf. SaSvsa; aor. SvasIt; pp. Svast)
;
Svas II adv.

Xa[triWSat
Xa]aSIti
XaX
XaX[h
XodaS
Xo]aSan

sa sas N. sg. ta
saWyatendriya (saWyata-indriya) bah. ,

saWrA[ N.sg saWrAj m
saWrudh ( . rudh) ,
saWlakX ( . lakX) , ; ;

saMvah ( . vah) (, ) ,
saMvAd ,
saWSubh ( . Subh) ;
saWsAra
saWsparS ( . sparS) ;
sakiWnara (. kiWnara)
sakRt adv. , : sakRt sakRt
skhi 1) , ; 2)
sakhy n
saWkal ( . kal) ,
saWgam ( . gam) 1) ; 2)
saciva 1) ; 2) ; 3) ,
saWcar ( . r) ,
saWjan ( . jan) ; ;
saWjay 1) ; 2) nom. pr. (
, .)
sattv ,
saty 1. ; ; ; 2. ,
satya-pUta ,
satyavant 1. ; 2. nom. pr. ( , .)
satya-saWdha ;
sad (P. pr. sdati I; aor. sadat; pp. sann) 1) ;
3) ; 3)
sdas n 1) ; 2) ,
sdA adv. ,
sdman 1) ; 2) ,
saWtAna
samtAp 1) ; 2) ; 3) ,

saptn
sapta-rXi
sabh f 1) ; ; 2)
sam 1) , ; 2) (I., G., . .)
samave ( . i) ,
samavet pl. ,
-samAkula , -, - (. .)
samAkhyA ( . khyA) ;

samAgama ; (I. saha)
samAdiS ( . die) ,
samAdiX[a pp. samAdiS
samAn 1) ; 2) ,
smApti f ,
saWbhAX ( . bhAX)
samAyoga m 1) ; 2) ()
samAsad ( . sad) : ;
samAhar ( . har) ;
samAhRta (pp. samAhar)
samIpa 1. ; 2. , ; samIpam (G.)
samutthA ( . sthA) , (Abl.)
samutpat ( . pat) ,
samudra ;
saMpad f ,
saMbhavana n ;
saMbhU ( . bhU) , ;
saMman ( . man) , ;
sar (P. pr. ssarti III, srati I; fut. sariXyti; pf. sasAra; aor. sarat;
pp. sRt) 1) , ; 2) ,
sras ,
sarA f
sarAma adj.
sart f
sarga ,
sarj (U. pr. sRjti/sRjte VI; fut. srakXyti/srakXyte;
pf. sasrja/sasRj; aor. srAkXIt/sRX[a; pp. sRX[) 1) , ;
3) (, , )
srva 1) , ; 2) ,
sarva-kArya ; pl.
sarvtra adv. ,
sarvathA adv. ,
sarvad adv. ,
sarva-bhUta-hita ()
sarvaSs adv. ;
salIlam adv. ,
savitr 1) ; 2) nom. pr. ( )
sas . sa
sah (. pr. shate I; fut. sahiXyte; pf. seh; aor. sahiX[a;
pp. sodh) , ,
sah , (I.)
sahasA adv. ,
sahsra 1) ; 2) - (G.)
sA N. sg. f ta
sAdh (U. pr. s dhati/s dhate I; P. pr. sAdhnti V; fut. sAtsyti;
pf. sas dha; aor. sAtsIt; pp. sAdhit) ;
()
sAdhaya (caus. sAdh) 1) , ; 2)
,
sAdh 1. , , ; 2. ;
;
sAnandam adv.
sAma-ved (. , ,
)
sAya ,
sAya-kAla ,
sAvitrI 1. f nom. pr. ( 1) , ;
3) )
sAvitrI II f . , ,

sAsura adj. ,
siWha
siWhAntara (siWha-antara)
siWhI f
sic (U. pr. siVcti/siVcte VI; fut. sekXyti/sekXyte; pf. siXca/siXic;
aor. sicat/sicata; pp. sikt) ,
sit ;
sidh (U. pr. sdhyati/sdhyate IV; fut. setsyti/setsyte; pp. siddh)
(), (), ()
sItA f 1) ; 2) nom. pr. ( , )
sda- ... sad
su I (U. pr. sunti/sunut V; pf. suXAva/suXuv; aor. sAvIt/soX[a;
pp. sut) 1) , ; 2)
su- II 1. ; 2. ,
sukh ;
sukhin ,
sukhena adv. ,
sugandhi ,
sut m
sut f
sundara
subrahmaNy ,
sumnas 1) , ; 2) f
sumahant
sura
sura-gaNa ,
suropama (sura-upama)
suviSala ,
suSIghra-ga
suXamA f ,
suhRd 1) ; 2)
sUnu
s rya 1) ; 2) nom. pr. ( )
snA f
sev (. pr. svate I; fut. seviXyte; pf. siXev; aor. seviX[a;
pp. sevit) 1) ; 2) ; )
sainika
saumy (V.) , ! , !
saurabha n
stambh (P. pr. stabhnti V; stabhn ti IX; fut. stambhiXyti;
pf. tastmbha; aor. stambhit) 1) ; 2) ;
4) ,
stu (U. pr. stauti, stvIti/stut, stuvIte II; fut. staviXyti,
stoXyti/staviXyte, stoXyte; pf. tuX[Ava/tuX[uv; aor. stavIt,
stauXIt/stItX[a; pp. stut) 1) , ; 2)
stotr n ,
str f 1) ; 2)
sthA (U. pr. tX[hati/tX[hate I; fut. sthAsyti/sthAsyte;
pf. tasthu/tasth; aor. sthat/sthita; pp. sthit) ,
sthna n ,
sthit (pp. sthA)
snA (P. pr. sn ti II; snAyati IV; fut. snAsyti; pf. ssnau;
aor. snAsIt; pp. snAt) 1) ; 2)
sparh (U. pr. spRhyati/spRhyate X; pp. spRhit)
- (D.)
sphur (P. pr. sphurti VI; fut. sphuriXyti; pf. pusphra;
aor. sphorIt; pp. sphurit) 1) ; 2) , ;
3)
smar (P. pr. smrati I; fut. smariXyti; pf. sasm ra; aor. smArXIt)
1) , ; 2) (.); 3)
smi (. pr. smyate I; fut. smeXyte; pf. sismiye; aor. smeX[a;
pp. smit) 1) ; 2)
smRti f ; ; ( ,
, ,
-, . )
sru (U. pr. srvati/srvate I; fut. sraviXyti/sraviXyte;
pf. susrva/susruv; pp. srut)
sva ,
sva-kXetra n
svad (. pr. svdate I; fut. svadiXyte; pf. sasvad; aor. siXvadat;
pp. svadit)
sva-deSa ,
sva-nagara n
svap (P. pr. svpiti II, svapati I; pf. suXv pa; aor. svapsIt;
pp. supt)
sva-pura
sva-bhUmi f (. )
svamin ,
svayaW-vara () ()

svar 1) ; 2) ; 3)
svsar f
svAgata n ( ) svagataM kar
- - (G.)
svAsti f ; ; D. + svAsti - (D.)
svda ; pl.

ha ,
haWs
haWsI f 1) ; 2)
hat (pp. han)
han (P. pr. hnti II; pf. jagh na; aor. jIghanat; pp. hat)
1) ; 2)
har (U. pr. hrati/hrate I; fut. hariXyti/hariXyte; pf. jah ra/jahr
aor. hArXIt/hRta; pp. hRt) 1) ; 2) ; ) ;
4)
hari 1. 1) ; 2) 2. nom. pr. (
, . )
harXa
hasta
hA ! ! !
hA[aka
hA[akamaya
hAsa ;
hi 1) , ; 2) ;
hindI f
hindu 1) ; 2)
hima 1. ; ; 2. ,
himAlaya (hima-Alaya) (. )
hu (U. pr. juhti/juhut III; fut. hoXyti/hoXyte; pf. juh va/juhuv;
aor. hauXIt; pp. hut) ,
he ! ( )
hetu
heman n
heX (. pr. heXate I; pf. jiheX; aor. heXiX[a; pp. heXit)
haima
hotra n
hrada
hrasva ; ()
hreX . heX
hvA (U pr. hvyati/hvyate I; fut. hvAsyti/hvAsyte;
pf. juhvva/juhv; pp. hut) 1) , ; 2)

. 00
I. 1. devanAgarI. 2. :
. 01
II. 1. : . 2.
. VirAma. 02
III. 1. : . 2. . 03
IV. 1. e o, R, L. 2. r
. 3. . 04
V. 1. : . 2. devanAgarI.
3. . 4. sandhi. 5.
t. 05
VI. 1. devanAgarI. 2. . 3.
. 4. sandhi -s -r. 06
VII. 1. Sandhi ,,, R. 2. sandhi -m. 07
VIII. . 1. . 2.
. 08
IX. 1. . 2. .
-. 3. Sandhi s. 09
X. 1. -A. 2. -s. 3.
. 4. imperfectum. 5.
sandhi -n. 10
XI. sandhi. 11
XII. 1. . 2. -I -
U. 3. . 12
XIII. 1. . 2. -i -u. 3. :
. 13
XIV. 1. . 2.
-A, -I, -U. 3. . 14
XV. . . 15
XVI. . . 16
XVII.
. 17
XVIII. 1. . 2. sandhi -s. 3.
. 4. : . 18
XIX. 1. -ar/-tar. 2.
. 3. conditionalis. 19
XX. sandhi. 20
XXI. 1. . 2. () . 21
XXII. 1. . 2. . 3.
1- 2- . 22
XXIII. 1. se[ ani[. 2. . 3.
sandhi . 4. tad. 23
XXIV. 1. . 2. " ". 3.
. 4. idam adas. 24
XXV. 1. (). samprasAraNa. 2.
. 3. : ,
, . 25
XXVI. 1. . 2.
. 3. . 4. n. 26
XXVII. sandhi. 27
XXVIII. 1. sandhi -s. 2.
. 3. . 28
 XXIX. 1. . 2.
. 29
XXX. 1. sandhi . 2. . 3.
. 30
XXXI. 1. . 2.
. 3. -
. 31
XXXII. : tatpuruXa, karmadhAraya, dvigu, bahuvrIhi,
dvandva. 32
XXXIII. 1. : . 2.
. 3. Locativus absolutus. 33
XXXIV. . 34
XXXV. 1. . 2. . 35
XXXVI. 1. . 2.
. 3. . 36
XXXVII. 1. : , .
2. a- sa-. 37
XXXVIII. 1. . 2. su-, dus-
ku-. 38
XXXIX. 1. . . 2. . 39
XXXX. 1. (). 2.
. 40
. 41
I . ( sandhi) 42
II , , . 43
- 44
45