11

cos xy cos xz sin xz cos xy sin xy cos xz 1 xz xy

D = sin yz cos yx cos yx cos yz sin yx cos yz yz 1 yx ;
sin zy cos zx sin zx cos zy cos zx cos zy zy zx 1
yx , zx , xy , zy , xz , yz Ox y z
OX 0Y0 Z 0 , , ,
(. 1.1).
, ,
. ,
, .
[ x y z
]
u = u u u T .

izx Z 0
zi
izy

iyx yi
X0
O iyz
ixz
ixy Y0
xi
. 1.1 Oxi yi zi ( i = a, , a ,
) OX 0Y0 Z 0 .

(1.1) :
( )
= ( D S ) 1 (u u 0 u ) = S 1 D 1 u u 0 u . (1.2)

1 / Sx 0 0
S = 0 0 .
-1
1 / Sy

0 0 1 / Sz
1
D ,
1
S M . M i = Si1 , i = x, y , z .
:
(
= M (u ) C u u 0 u . ) (1.3)

, :
= M (u ) C (u u 0 ) , (1.4)
"^" , .

.
,
[10, 11, 23, 73]:
ua = Da Sa ( a ) a + na 0 + u a , (1.5)
 12

ua = [uax uaz ]
T
uay
Oxa ya za ;
a = [a X aY a Z ]
T

OX 0Y0 Z 0 ;
ua 0 = [ua 0 x ua 0 z ] ;
T
ua 0 y
S ax 0 0 ;

S a = 0 S ay 0

0 0 S az
Da , Oxa ya za ,
,
OX 0Y0 Z 0 (. 1.1);
cos axy cos axz sin axz cos axy
sin axy cos axz 1 axz axy

Da = sin ayz cos ayx cos ayx cos ayz sin ayx cos ayz ayz 1 ayx ;
sin azy cos azx sin azx cos azy cos azx cos azy azy azx 1
ayx , azx , axy , azy , axz , ayz
OX 0Y0 Z 0 ;

a
[ ax ay az
]
u = u u u T
.
(1.5) :
a = ( Da Sa ) 1 (n n0 n ) = Sa Da (n n0 n ) = M a Ca (n n0 n ) .
1 T
(1.6)

:
a = M a C a (ua ua 0 ) (1.7)

ui 0 j , M ij , iyx , izx ,
ixy , izy , ixz , iyz , i = a, , j = x, y , z (1.4), (1.7)
, .

.

.
[36, 66, 72]
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 13

OENH . ,

st [2, 67, 68],
[79, 106, 108, 1].
,

g .
, , :
[
u = D S XYZ
ENH
]
ENH + st + st + u 0 + u , (1.8)
XYZ
ENH

;
st .

,

g :
[
ua = Da Sa XYZ
ENH
]
g ENH + g + na 0 + n a , (1.9)
g .
20 g

.
(1.81.9)
, ,
.

(1.4),
(
) [10,
34, 3]. ,

.
:
1. .
, .

. .
2.
,
Ox y z Oxa ya za O ,
OX 0Y0 Z 0 [4].
,
, , (. 1.2).
 14

azy za
z zx
zy
azx
Z0
c
c

c y
xa
axz axy
c O c
c
Y0 yx
yz
xz X0 ayz
ayx
xy
x ya
. 1.2

, (
), [4] (. 1.2).
3. [55]
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g T g .
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a T a ( T )

g T g ( T ), .

a T a ( T ) g T g ( T )

().
[2, 27]
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 15

1,
1" , 0,005% , 0,001 /
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. [27]

g ENH T ENH = g cos ,
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[2, 3].
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[1, 27, 55].
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1.1.2
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[54], ,
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[13, 33, 40, 78, 81, 102].
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[7, 13].
 16

[13, 17, 40, 81] ,

0,10,01/. 0,001/
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 17

2. ,
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(1.4) (1.7)
,
:
( ) ~
( ( ))( ( )) ~
( ( ))( ( ))
u~i 0 j = ui 0 j + f Tij , Tij , M ij = M ij 1 + f Tij 1 + f Tij , Cijk = C ijk 1 + f Tij 1 + f Tij , (1.10)
 18

i = a , ; j = x, y, z ; k = x, y, z; k j ; Tij , Tij
j- .

1.1.3

[103]:
( )
= ~ = M C (u u~ 0 ) M C u u 0 u .
~ ~
(1.11)
~ ~
, = M M , C = C C , u 0 = u~ 0 u 0 ,

= M C u 0 + M C (u u~ 0 ) + M C (u u~ 0 ) + M C u .
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

M = M C (u u~ 0 ) ,
~ ~ ~
0 = M C u 0 ,
C = M C (u u~ 0 ) = M C u
~ ~ ~

, [4, 65, 18], :

= 0 + M + C + , (1.12)
0 ;
M , M
, ;
C ,
;
,
.
a
:
a = a0 + a M + aC + a . (1.13)

,
, , .
,
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.
, .
,
[62].
[1],
a , [3, 31]
a size [32, 34, 3].
(1.12) (1.13) :
= 0 + M + C + + + , a = a0 + a M + aC + a + a size + a . (1.14)
 19

, .
,
,
.
.

(1.14).
,
[5, 18, 21, 24, 27, 29, 30, 56, 79, 107].

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 20

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[97, 107];
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